joe scott 2002 SAE Govt/industry meeting
SLIDE 1:
UPDATE & REVIEW OF TIRE ISSUES
- Joseph P.Scott, NHTSA
SLIDE 2:
TREAD ACT
- HR 5164 signed into law on November 1, 2000
- Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentaion (TREAD) Act
- 3 sections relate to tire performance items (Sections 10, 11, 13)
SLIDE 3:
SECTION 10 - TIRE STANDARD UPGRADE
- revise and update tire standards: FMVSS Nos. 109 and 119
- rulemaking must be completed by June 1, 2002
SLIDE 4:
SECTION 11 - IMPROVED TIRE INFORMATION
 TIRE LABELING
 - Improve labeling for consumers to easily identify tires involved in a recall
 - initiate rulemaking within 30 days
 - complete rulemaking by June 1, 2002
 INFLATION LEVELS AND LOAD LIMITS
 - consumer information on tire load limits
 - consumer information on maintaining proper tire inflation levels
 - no statutory deadlines established
SLIDE 5:
SECTION 13 - TIRE PRESSURE WARNING
 - require a warning system in the vehicle to indicate when the tire is significantly under-inflated
 - complete rulemaking by November 1, 2001
 - requirement must become effective 2 years after completion of rulemaking
SLIDE 6:
NHTSA TIRE TESTING - PHASE 1
- purpose: to focus on developing proposals for a high speed test and endurance test
- tested 12 brands with different sizes and speed ratings.
- shearography analysis before and after testing
- compared with a baseline FMVSS No.109 and GTS-2000 proposal
SLIDE 7:
9 P-METRIC TIRES TESTED
- Bridgestone Potenza RE92	P205/65R15	92H
- Pirelli P4000			P205/60R15	90H
- Michelin Energy MXV4		P205/65R15	94H
- Hankook Optimo Plus II	P205/65R15	92H
- Dunlop D65 Touring		P205/70R14	93T
- BFS Futura 2000 ATD		P205/75R16	95S
- Firestone Wilderness AT	P255/70R16	109S
- Cooper National XT 5000	P225/60R16	97S
- Firestone ATX			P235/75R15	105S
SLIDE 8:
3 LT TIRES TESTED
 - Michelin XPC 4x4
	LT235/70R16 105H; Load Range C
 - Goodyear Wrangler AT/S
	LT235/75R15; Load Range C
 - Yokohama Geolander H/T
	LT225/75R16 110S; Load Range D
SLIDE 9:
NHTSA TIRE TESTING - PHASE 2
- Purpose: to focus on likely agency proposal for a high speed test and endurance test.
- tested 12 brands with different sizes and speed ratings
- shearography analysis before and after testing
SLIDE 10:
8 P-METRIC TIRES TESTED
- Toyo Proxes H4		P225/60R16	97H
- Uniroyal Tiger Paw		P225/60R16	97H
- Donlop D65 Touring		P205/65R16	92T	
- Goodyear Regatta 2		P205/65R16	92T
- BFGoodrich Cientra Plus	P235/75R15	105S
- Cooper Lifeliner II		P235/75R15	105S
- Michelin XH4			P235/75R15	105S
SLIDE 11:
4 LT TIRES TESTED
- Pirelli Scorpion P/T
	P235/75R16 104S; load range C
- Yokohama Geolander A/T
	P235/75R15 104Sl load range C
- Goodyear Wranger H/T
	LT245/75R16 120R; load range E
- Bridgestone R273 SWPII
	LT245/75R16 120Q; load range E
	
SLIDE 12:
OVERVIEW OF TEST RESULTS
 - test results are in the public docket (online at http://dms.dot.gov) NHTSA-2000-8011
 - all tires completed baseline Endurance test
 - as expected, more failures occurred at higher speed and at lower inflation pressure
 - low pressure test also conducted on some tires that competed endurance test
 - all tires passed low pressure performance at 140kPa (20psi)
SLIDE 13:
KEY TEST RESULTS
- all tires completed baseline High Speed test (used parameters specified in GTS-2000 proposal)
- as expected - more failures occurred at combination of high load, low inflation, and long duration
- failures included: tread separation, belt separation, sidewall blowout, chunking
SLIDE 14:
BEAD UNSEATING: TEST RESULTS
Testing to proposed bead unseating wedge test:
 - point of application is more realistic
 - comparison with current bead unseating test method
 - 60 tires tested to each procedure
 - results show good correlation between forces to unseat bead in modified FMVSS No.109 and wedge test
SLIDE 15:
ROAD HAZARD TEST: TEST RESULTS
Testing to Road Hazard Impact test:
 - proposed replacement for STrength test
 - based on SAE J1981 recommended practice
 - 60 tires with different aspect ratios (55, 65, 75) tested to current test, modified current test, and to SAE J1981
 - only one tire had air loss or damage
SLIDE 16:
AGING EFFECTS: TEST RESULTS
* Dynamic aging tests using 02/N2 mix as filling gas
 - tires run for 250 hours
 - 1 of 12 tire brands tested failed
* Oven aging
 - 2 of 12 tire brands tested failed
* Adhesion (Peel) test - American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D413
 - Adhesion test performed on tires: 1) with no conditioning; 2) after 24-hour test; and 3) after 50-hour test
 - trend shows lower peel strength with longer conditioning
SLIDE 17:
OUTLINE OF FMVSS No.139, THE NEW TIRE STANDARD	
Light vehicle standard for vehicles up to 10,000lbs GVWR
 - high speed test: UPGRADED
 - endurance test: UPGRADED
 - low pressure performance test: NEW
 - bead unseating test: UPGRADED
 - road hazard impact test: UPGRADED
 - aging effects test: NEW
SLIDE 18:
HIGH SPEED TEST: OVERVIEW
- PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance during high speed operation
- UPGRADE: mainly through higher test speed
- TEST PARAMETERS:
	* speed: 140/150/160 km/h (87/93/99 mph)
	* inflation pressure: 22 kPa (32psi) for P-metric
	* load: 85% of maximum load rating
 	* duration: 30 minutes at each speed step
	* ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F)
SLIDE 19:
ENDURANCE TEST: OVERVIEW:
- PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance for an extended duration
- UPGRADE: mainly through higher test speed and higher load for a longer duration
- TEST PARAMETERS: 
	* speed: 120 km/h (75 mph)
	* inflation pressure: 180 kPa (26psi): P-metric tires
	* load: 90/100/100% of maximum 
 	* duration: 8/10/22 hours
	* ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F)
SLIDE 20:
- LOW-PRESSURE PERFORMANCE TEST: OVERVIEW (1 of 2)
- PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance at TPMS low pressure threshold (new requirement)
- One of the two alternatives will be selected for final rule
- TEST PARAMETERS - ALTERNATIVE 1
	* use same tire that completed Endurance test
 	* test speed: 120 km/h (75 mph)
	* inflation: (140 kPa (20psi) P-metric tires
	* test load: 100% of the maximum load rating
	* duration: 90 minutes
	* AMBIENT: 40degees C (104 degrees F)
SLIDE 21:
LOW PRESSURE PERFORMANCE TEST: OVERVIEW (2 of 2)
TEST PARAMETERS - ALTERNATIVE 2
	* use same tire that completed Endurance test
	* test speed: 140/150/160 km/h (87/93/99 mph)
	* inflation: 140 kPa (20psi): P-metric tires
	* duration: 30 minutes at each speed
	* ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F)
SLIDE 22:
BEAD UNSEATING TEST: OVERVIEW
 - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire resistance to bead becomnig unseated from the rim during severe vehicle maneuvers
 - UPGRADE: mainly through point of application of force
 - TEST: Toyota wedge test
 - TEST PARAMETERS:
	* force: 2.0 times maximum tire load limit
	* inflation: 180 kPa (26psi) - P-metric tires
SLIDE 23:
ROAD HAZARD IMPACT TEST: OVERVIEW
 - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire impacting a road hazard such as a pothole or curb
 - UPGRADE: mainly through new test method - SAE J1981, Road Hazard Impact Test for Wheel and Tire Assemblies
 - TEST PARAMETERS:
	* inlation: 180 kPa (26psi) - P-metric tires
 	* initial point of striker: 80 degrees to vertical
SLIDE 24:
AGING EFFECTS TEST: OVERVIEW
 - PURPOSE: to evaluate tire performance as a result of aging
 - NEW REQUIREMENT: three alternatives proposed for aging effects test; one will be selected for final rule:
  * Alternative 1: adhesion test using ASTM Standard D 413-98
  * Alternative 2: long term durability endurance test
  * Alternative 3: oven aging test
SLIDE 25:
AGING EFFECTS TEST: ALT No.1 OF 3
- Alternative 1 = adhesion test evaluates force to separate adjascent belts
- test parameters for 24-conditioning
	* speed: 120 km/h (75mph)
	* inflation: 180 kPa (26 psi)
	* load: 90/100/110% of maximum load rating
	* duration: 8 hours at each load
	* ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F)
- specimen then used for Adhesion test
	* minimum peel strength of 30 lbs/in proposed
SLIDE 26:
AGING EFFECTS TEST: ALT No.2 OF 3
- Alternative 2 = long term durability endurance test
- test parameters:
	* speed: 96 km/h (60mph) 
	* inflation: 275 kPa (40psi)
	* filling gas: 50% O2, then 50% N2
	* load: 111% of maximum load rating
	* duration: 250 hours
	* ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F)
SLIDE 27:
AGING EFFECTS TEST: ALT No.3 OF 3
- Alternative 3 = oven aging test
- Oven aging: 14 days at 75 degrees C
- test parameters after oven aging:
	* speed: 120 km/h (75mph) 
	* inflation: 180 kPa (26psi)
	* load: 90/100/110% of maximum load rating
	* duration: 8 hours at each load
	* ambient: 40degees C (104 degrees F)
SLIDE 28:
FMVSS No. 139 EFFECTIVE DATE (1 of 2)
- agency proposed two alternatives for effective dates:
- Alternative 1 = with phase-in	
  * 2 year phase-in for P-metric tires
  * would require production data from manufacturers to enforce for Year 1
  * beginning September 1, 2003: 50% of P-metric tires must meet new requirements
  *  beginning September 1, 2004: 100% of P-metric tires must meet new requirements
  *  beginning September 1, 2005: 100% of LT tires must meet new requirements
SLIDE 29:
FMVSS No. 139 EFFECTIVE DATE (2 of 2)
- Alternative 2 = no phase-in
  * no phase-in for P-metric tires
  * would not require production data from manufacturers to enforce
  *  beginning September 1, 2003: 100% of P-metric tires must meet new requirements
  *  beginning September 1, 2004: 100% of LT tires must meet new requirements
SLIDE 30:
PROPOSALS FOR LABELING REQUIREMENTS
- NPRM issued on December 19, 2001
	* NHTSA Docket No. 1157
	* Applicable to vehicles with GVWR <10,000lbs
	* tire idenditification number (TIN)
	* load limits/load index
	* maximum inflation pressure
	* vehicle placard content & location
- Comment period closed February 19, 2002
	* agency received approximately 40 comments
SLIDE 31:
SUMMARY
Three Tire-related Rulemakings in Progress:
1. Labeling NPRM: published December 19,2001
	* comment period closed February 19, 2002
	* reviewing comments and developing final rule
	* final rule due by June 1, 2002
2. TPMS Final Rule: SOON
3. Tire Upgrade NPRM: published March 5, 2002
	* comment period closes: June 5, 2002
	  (extended 30 days from may 6)
	* agency will proceed to final rule after reviewing all comments