SMOKING AND HEALTH
A National Status Report
      2nd Edition

A Report to Congress

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
           Public Health Service

        Centers for Disease Control
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
      Office on Smoking and Health
       Rockville. Maryland 20857
DHHS Publication No. (CDC) 87-8396 (Revised 02/90)


FOREWORD

Cigarette smoking is the chief preventable cause of death in our society. It is directly responsible for
some 390,000 deaths each year in the United States, or more than one of every six deaths in our
country. The number of Americans who die each year from diseases caused by smoking exceeds the
number of Americans who died in all of World War II, and this toll is repeated year after year.

Public heafth officials know these figures well. But it is important that all Americans realize the health
consequences, and the cost consequences, of tobacco use. For that reason, I am pleased to present
to the Congress and to the American people this National Status Report on Smokinn and Health.

The information presented in this report is both startling and distressing, especially the new compilation
of health and cost effects in each of our 50 States. For example:

-  In 1985, the average number of smoking-attributable deaths per State was 6,096, ranging
  from 271 in Alaska to 28,533 in California.

-  The average smoking-attributable economic costs per State were $1 .O billion, ranging from
  $82 million in Alaska to $5.8 billion in California.

-  Wiih the sum of State economic costs exceeding $52 billion, the economic impact of
smoking can be put at some $221 per person each year. Thus cigarette smoking has an
  economic impact on every American, whether or not he or she smokes.

This report also shows that smoking is a particularly important problem for young Americans -- nearly
all smokers now start smoking regularly in their teenage years.  In addition, cigarette smoking is
increasingly becoming concentrated among Americans with lower incomes and less education. I am
especially concerned that we make more progress in reaching young people, women, minorities, and
blue-collar workers with accurate and compelling information about smoking and health.

There is encouraging news in this report, as well. But we still have far to go in giving all Americans
the information they need to make good health choices about smoking. It is my hope that the
information in this report will be of help in that important cause.

Louis W. Sullivan, M.D.
Secretary


PREFACE

During the past several years, our progress toward a smoke-free society has continued. Per capita
cigarette consumption (18 years of age and older) decreased from 3,370 in 1985 to a preliminary
estimate of 2,850 in 1989. Total cigarette consumption fell from 594.0 billion cigarettes in 1985 to 524.6
billion in 1989, despite growth in the size of the population.  Data from the 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco
Survey (reported here in detail) and the 1987 National Health Interview Survey (reported in other
publications of the Public Health Service) show that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults
is now under 30 percent, an important milestone.

Nevertheless, smoking remains the chief preventable cause of death in our society. More than 1,000
Americans die each day from diseases caused by smoking.  The decline in smoking has been
substantially slower among women than among men. Smoking rates are higher among minorities, blue-
collar workers, and less educated persons than in the overall population.

This report provides valuable State-specific information on the health and economic impact of smoking,
legislative measures to control smoking, and smoking cessation and prevention programs. It is readily
apparent that many States have made much more progress than others in reducing smoking and
smoking-related disease,

I am pleased that Utah, my home State, has the lowest adult smoking prevalence among all 50 States
-- 15 percent. However, an estimated 742 smoking-attributable deaths still occurred in Utah in 1985,
and other States experienced smoking-attributable mortality rates three to four times as high as the rate
in Utah. Clearly more needs to be done in all 50 States to prevent the needless death and disability,
and pain and suffering, caused by the use of tobacco.

Later this year, the Public Health Service will publish National health promotion and disease prevention
objectives for the year 2000. These objectives have been developed in collaboration with State and
local government agencies and the private sector, Tobacco is one of the 21 priority areas for which
specific objectives will be defined. The information in this report will serve as a benchmark against
which States can measure their progress toward achieving ambitious goals related to smoking and
smoking control.

James 0. Mason, M.D., Dr.P.H.
Assistant Secretary for Health


TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents  . . . .._._.._....__._....-...-.._................._-...-......_._..._......_._....-...-..... . . . . . . . -. 3

I.  Introduction
   Executive Summary  _...._._.............._............................... . .._..........-..........-...-........ 7
   Acknowledgments . . . .._......._....._...............-...-.-....... ._.__...._....-......-._..............-..... 11

II. Special Sections
   1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey  ..__............._..~..........~..........~.~..........~........~.~...~... 15

Smoking-Attributable Mortality,
Years of Potential Life Lost,
and Economic Costs

State-Specific Estimates, 1985 _ _ . _ . _ . . _ . _ _                                  37
                                     . .._...__.........__.___........_._.._........._......_.~.......

III. Activities of the Interagency Committee
   on Smoking and Health _. _ _ . . .._....~....___..._....~_~._._...__...._~.~...~~~....~....~.~...~......~...~...~. 51

IV. Legislation
    Federal ......................................................................................................... 63
    State  ........................................................................................................... 77
    Local .......................................................................................................... 117

\I. National, State and Local Programs
   National Programs ........................................................................................... 149
   State and Local Programs .................................................................................. -173
   Smoking and Health Advocacy Groups ..................................................................... 381

3


INTRODUCTION


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

Since the 1964 publication of the first Surgeon General's
report linking cigarette smoking to illness and disease, efforts
on the part of government and private organizations to reduce
the prevalence of tobacco use and to educate the population
on the harmful effects of tobacco, have increased dramatical-
ly. Programs to educate the population on the harmful effects
of tobacco and to help current smokers quit are evident at
every level of government and in virtually every geographic
area of the United States.

Smoking cessation and prevention programs are offered on a
Nationwide basis by the major voluntary health organizations.
Private hospitals and organizations conduct cessation and
education programs in a wide variety of locations. State and
local governments have adopted legislation to control the sale
of tobacco products and to limit their use to certain specific
locations. The Federal Government has banned smoking on
all domestic flights schedljled for two hours or less. Smoking
and health advocacy groups have been formed to address-the
need for clean indoor air. Hotels and motels frequently offer
nonsmoking rooms for their patrons, and one airline has
implemented a total smoking ban on all its flights in the
continental United States.

The numbers and types of programs have grown with the
publication of each new Surgeon General's report. Most of
the early programs focused on the individual smoker. Follow-
ing the release of the 1985 Surgeon General's Report on
Cancer and Chronic Lung Disease in the Workplace and the
1986 Surgeon General's Report on the Health Consequences
of Involuntary (Passive) Smoking, many new programs were
established emphasizing nonsmokers' rights; the obligation of
employers and operators of public places to provide smoke-
free working and public assembly areas was also em-
phasized. With the issuance in mid-1988 of the Surgeon
General's report on tobacco use as an addiction, it is expected
that many additional programs will cOme into existence, or the
focus of existing programs will change to meet new areas of
concern.

In recognition of the magnitude of the health impact of tobacco
use and the ever increasing number of related programs, the
Congress passed Public Law (P.L.) 98-474, the Comprehen-
sive Smoking Education Act of 1984. Section 3(c) of this law
requires that the Secretary of Heatth and Human Services
report to the Congress biennially on the status of smoking
programs in the Nation. This is the second report in a series.
II covers the calendar years 1986 and 1987, These reports are
intended to be used as directories by Members of Congress
as well as by individuals at all levels.

The contents of this report reflect the growth of smoking-re-
lated programs and legislation. In the first report, ap-
proximately 800 State and local programs were listed. This
report identifies over 1,500 programs. At the time the 1986
Report was issued, 60 bills related to smoking and health had

7

been introduced at the Federal level. This report contains
information on nearly 100 Federal bills that have been intro-
duced or adopted. At the State level, approximately 400 laws
that influence smoking or tobacco sale and use were in effect
in 1986. As of December 1987, the number of State laws had
grown to nearly 600.

This report also contains a summary of the activities of the
Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health, listings of
smoking and health advocacy groups, a section on local
ordinances in the twenty largest cities in the United States, a
summary of the results of the 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco
Survey, and a summary of a study conducted by the Centers
for Disease Control on smoking-attributable mortality, years
of potential life lost and economic costs in the 50 States.

Report Highlights

Resuk of Ihe 1986 Survey of Adult Use of Tobacco.
The fifth Adult Use of Tobacco Survey was conducted by the
Office on Smoking and Health in 1986, 11 years after the
previous one, which was conducted in 1975. Adult Use of
Tobacco Surveys are unique in seeking information on
knowledge, attitudes and behaviorsof representative samples
of the population relating to tobacco. Some key findings from
this survey include the following:

26.5 percent of the U.S. adult population are cigarette
smokers.

Thirty percent of the population use some form of tobac-
co. Use of tobacco other than cigarettes is a male
phenomenon and 9 percent of men currently smoke a
cigar or pipe and 5 percent currently use smokeless
tobacco.

There has been a downward trend in the age at which
smokers start to smoke regularly. Nearly all smokers now
start smoking regularly in their teenage years.

Cigarette smoking and use of tobacco vary with education
and income. Those with higher education and who report
higher incomes are less likely to smoke or use tobacco.
There is no difference between these groups in the
proportion of people who have ever been smokers.
People of higher socioemnomic status are more likely to
have quit smoking.

There are different patterns of smoking among the dif-
ferent subgroups of the population. Blacks tend to smoke
fewer cigarettes a day than do whites, but use brands that
are higher in tar content and are mentholated.


Successful quitters in 1986 were much more likely to
report success on the first or second quit attempt than
successful quitters in 1975. Even with the decrease in
the proportion of smokers in the population, there has
been little change in the proportion of smokers who have
tried to quit between 1975 and 1986. Both of these
figures suggest that the downward trend in smoking
prevalence will continue for at least the short term.

These findings suggest that the antismoking efforts in the
private and public sectors are meeting with some success and
that, if such efforts are continued, there will be a further
reduction in smoking prevalence in the community. Dissemi-
nation of these findings and other in-depth analyses of the
1986 survey are expected to lead to a more effective targeting
of antismoking campaigns. These, in turn, should lead to a
more rapid reduction in the prevalence of smoking in the
community.

Smoking-Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost,
and Economic Costs

The adverse health impact of smoking and associated
economic costs have long been accepted as enormous. This
study attempted to quantify, on a State-by-State basis, the
number of deaths, years of potential life lost, and the costs
attributable to smoking for 1985. This study is not a cost-
benefit analysis, but rather an attempt to quantify both the
disease and economic impact of smoking for each State.

Costs associated with smoking-related death and illness may
be immediate or deferred. There are costs to the individual
and to society in general. Indirect costs of smoking are the
value of lost productivity, output, or manpower resources that
cannot be used because of illness.

In 1985, the average number of smoking-attributable deaths
per State was 6,099 (ranging from 271 in Alaska to 28,533 in
California). The rate of smoking-attributable deaths per
100,000 persons ranged from 45.3 in Utah to 175.9 in Ken-
tucky (the average State rate was 129.1).

The average number of smoking-attributable years of potential
life lost (YPLL) to life expectancy per State was 70,621 (rang-
ing from 4,335 in North Dakota to 335,319 in New York). The
rate of smoking-attributable YPLL per 100,000 persons
ranged from 643 in North Dakota to 2,167 in Kentucky (the
average State rate was 1,489 ).

The average smoking-attributable economic costs per State
were $1 .O billion (ranging from $82 million in Alaska to $5.8
billion in California). On a per capita basis, these costs ranged
from $54 per person in Puerto Rico to $284 in Rhode Island
(the average State per capita cost was $205).

Based on these State-specific estimates, the National totals
are as follows. In 1985, more than 316,000 deaths' and an
additional 3.7 million years of potential life lost (YPLL) to life

expectancy were attributable to tobacco use. The total
economic impact for all 50 States was over $52 billion: $23.7
billion in direct morbidity costs, $10.2 billion in indirect mor-
bidity costs, and $18.4 billion in indirect mortality costs.  On
a per capita basis, the economic impact was $221 per person
for the United States as a whole. A more recent national
estimate of smoking-attributable mortality, based on updated
relative risk estimates from the American Cancer Society's
Cancer Prevention Study II, is 390,000 deaths in 1985. The
derivation of this new estimate is explained in detail in the 1989
Surgeon General's Report.

Smoking causes more premature deaths than cocaine,
heroine, alcohol, fire, automobile accidents, homicide, and
suicide combined. The vast health and economic impact of
smoking and tobacco use reinforces the need to sustain
smoking cessation and prevention of smoking as a high-
priority public health effort at the National level as well as within
each State.

Interagency Committee

The Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health was
established as part of the Comprehensive Smoking Education
Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-474). The Committee, chaired by the
Surgeon General of the U.S. Public Health Service, Dr. C.
Everett Koop, is comprised of 25 members; 20 Federal mem-
bers and 5 non-Federal scientists and physicians representing
private entities. Since the inaugural meeting on October 1,
1985, the Committee has met five times. Topics of the meet-
ings include: the impact of advertising and promotion of
tobacco products; free cigarette sampling and other related
marketing techniques; smoking and its impact on minority
populations: implementation of the new smoking regulations
promulgated by the General Services Administration; and the
international aspects of tobacco and health.

LegTslation

In an effort to simplify and standardize existing information on
Federal and State legislation pertainingto smoking and health,
this report examines the Federal laws and the laws of all 50
States and the District of Columbia through calendar year
1987. Nearly 600 State laws pertaining to smoking and health
have been identified. This total does not include all laws
pertaining to the taxation of cigarettes or tobacco products,
but includes those laws that mandate that tax revenues be
earmarked for special health-related programs or research.

The smoking-related laws vary widely in their scope and
intent, but for purposes of evaluation and comparability, they
have been categorized as follows: limitations on smoking in
public places; regulation on sale and use of tobacco products
by minors; schools and school health education; regulations
of advertising practices; commerce; taxation; and health and
safety regulations.

Each of the 50 States and the District of Columbia regulate
the sale and/or use of tobacco in some fashion.  In addition,

* The State estimates that provide the basis for this National total were derived using relative risk estimates for smoking-related diseases from
studies conducted in the 1950's and 1960's. Since those State calculations were made, more current relative risk estimates have become
available. These estimates were used in the 1989 Surgeon General's Report on Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years
of Progress to yield an estimate of 390,000 smoking-attributable deaths in the United States in 1985.

a


information was compiled from the largest 20 cities in the
United States to provide a sampling of local regulations on
smoking and tobacco sale and use. The local ordinances are
grouped into five categories: smoking in public places; smok-
ing regulations in the workplace; public safety regulations:
municipal tobacco taxation; and regulation of cigarette sales
to minors. All 20 cities have focal ordinances pertaining to
smoking in public places; nine in the workplace; 14 regarding
publiisafety;five enforcing local taxation; and eight regulating
the sale to minors.

Findings of State legislation include:

o 43 States and the District of Columbia have legislation
restricting smoking in public places.

o 20 States and the District of Columbia, a total of 21
jurisdictions, restrict smoking in Government and/or
private workplace settings.

o All States tax cigarettes. State taxes range from a low of
2e (North Carolina) to a high of 388 (Minnesota) per pack
of cigarettes.

o Five states prohibit the sale or use of clove cigarettes.

o 19 States require elementary and secondary schools to
include instruction on the hazards of tobacco use.    .

o 44 States and the District of Columbia restrict sales or
distribution of tobacco products to minors. The age at
which an individual can purchase tobacco products range
from a high of 19 years of age to a low of 16 years of age;
14 States allow minors under age 18 to purchase tobacco
products. Six States have no law pertaining to the sale
or distribution of tobacco to a minor.

National, State and Local Programs.

The smoking and tiealth movement in this country has been
acollaborative effort involving virtually every facet of the health
community. The National voluntary health organizations, their
State and local affiliates, State and local health departments,
the Federal Government, and numerous other agencies have
played a crucial role in this effort. This section attempts to give
the reader an overview of the activities of these various
organizations with a special review of more than 1,500 com-
munity level programs.

The programs described include cessation clinics, prevention
efforts aimed at children and adolescents, school programs,
community and patient education programs, mass media
campaigns, and individual self-help and counseling programs.
Also included are summaries of smoking education and infor-
mation programs of various agencies of the Federal
Government, particularly those within the U.S. Public Health
Service.

9


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This report was prepared by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under the general editorship of the Office on
Smoking and Health, Center for Health Promotion and Education, Centers for Disease Control. Research and production support
was provided by HCR, a management consulting firm in Washington, D.C. Managing Editor of the Report was John L. Bagrosky,
Associate Director of the Office on Smoking and Health.  Managing Director was Ronald M. Davis, M.D., Director of the Office
on Smoking and Health.

The editors acknowledge with gratitude all the Federal agencies, State, county and locab health departments, National voluntary
organizations and their State and local affiliates, smoking and health advocacy groups, and the numerous individuals who
cooperated in the production of this Report.

11


SPECIAL SECTIONS

                                                 E


Introduction

Since 1964, periodic Adult Use of Tobacco Surveys have been
conducted to determine usage rates as well as descriptive
information on smoking patterns of representative samples of
the United States population. Information gathered included
history of individual use of any tobacco product as well as
attitudes on smoking-related issues. Previous Adult Use of
Tobacco Surveys were conducted in 1964, 1966, 1970, and
1975. The most recent survey was conducted in 1986.

Since the earlier surveys, Federal and private agencies have
exerted considerable effort to educate smokers. This effort
has included a number of Surgeon General's reports dealing
with the health consequences of smoking. Since the
landmark reports of 1964 and 1979, which were comprehen-
sive reports on smoking-related diseases, specific reports
have been prepared on the evidence linking smoking to can-
cer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic obstructive lung
disease. The 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey was an
opportunity to assess the impact of these reports and the
public reaction to them by measuring attitudes towards
smoking and the smoking behavior of the population.

In recent years, there have been major advances in protecting
the rights of the nonsmoker in work settings and in public
places. Many of these changes followed the publication of the
Surgeon General's 1986 report on involuntary smoking. More
recently, the Surgeon General's 1988 report on nicotine ad-
diction received broad media coverage and should further
atter how people perceive the use of tobacco. Public reaction
to these reports in the form of the enactment of nonsmoking
legislation, for example, can be measured by the series of
Adult UseofTobaccoSurveys. The 1986suweyoffersagood
baseline for comparison since information was collected prior
to the release of the last two Surgeon General's reports.
Further, the impact of the reports can be measured in part by
comparing the data from the 1986 survey with data from the
surveys conducted in 1964,1966, and 1975.

Trend data on smoking prevalence are also available from the
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an in-person survey
conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics every
2 to 3 years during the past quarter century. These data were
presented in detail in the 1989 Surgeon General's report,
Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Years of
Progress. tt should be noted that the prevalence estimates
derived from telephone surveys, including the 1970,1975, and
1986Adu#UseofTobaccoSurveys,aregenerallytwoorthree
percentage points below those derived from in-person sur-
veys, for reasons explained in the 1989 Surgeon General's
report. The NHIS data are considered to be the data of highest
quality (large sample size, high response rate), although the
Adult Use of Tobacco Surveys offer much more
comprehensive information related to tobacco use.

Survey Description

In 1986, a telephone survey of smoking history, attitudes and
beliefs was conducted. In this survey, 13,031 members of the
civilian, non-institutionalized population of the United States
were contacted. A two-stage sampling procedure was used
within a computer-assisted telephone interview format. The
first stage invofved selecting a random sample of telephone
exchanges within the United States. The sampling procedure
was balanced for the number of telephones within the ex-
change. Clusters of between IO and 15 households within
each exchange were contacted using random digit dialing; up
to 27 callbacks were made. Households were enumerated
and smoking status of members ascertained. A total of 36,405
households were contacted for a response rate of 85.5
percent.

In the second stage, a further stratified random sampling
procedure was undertaken to provide an approximately equal
proportion of respondents in each smoking category (current,
former, never). The stratification variable was the number of
smokers in the household. Up to 10 callbacks were made to
interview the selected respondents for a response rate of 86.9
percent. The overall response rate from the two procedures
was 74.3 percent, representing the product of the response
rate of each.

Quality control procedures in the survey involved 26 hours of
survey-specific training and practice for interviewers and silent
monitoring of ten percent of all interviews by supervisory staff.

Data obtained were weighted to reflect the United States
population in two stages. First, a base weight was calculated
that was the product of weighting for cluster (completed
screeners within cluster), household (telephone numbers
within household) and person (to account for selection based
on smoking status). Second, post-stratification weighting was
done for region, education, race, sex, and age.

Cigarette Smoking Status and Quit Ratios

Table 1 presents the data on cigarette smoking status from
the 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey.  All percentages in
this table are weighted to the total population as indicated
above. To obtain population numbers for any subgroup from
this table, the population estimate for the subgroup is multi-
plied by the proportion of the group that smokes. The quit ratio
(Pierce et al., 1986) is the statistic which indicates the propor-
tion of ever smokers who have become former smokers. lt is
derived by dividing the number of former smokers in the
population by the number who have ever smoked at least one
hundred cigarettes in their lives.

According to this survey, 26.5 percent of Americans of 17
years of age and older smoke cigarettes. Those who have
never had a cigarette constitute 48.9 percent and those who

1986 ADULT USE OF TOBACCO SURVEY

15


have been smokers but have quit constitute 24.6 percent. Of
those who have ever smoked, 48.1 percent are now former
smokers (quit ratio).

Among the male adult population, 29.5 percent are current
smokers, 40.0 percent are never smokers and 30.4 percent
are former smokers; the quit ratio is 50.8 percent. Among the
female adult population, 23.8 percent are current smokers,
56.9 percent never smoked and 19.3 percent are former
smokers: the quit ratio is 44.8 percent.

There is an increase from 18.9 percent to 32.8 percent in
smoking prevalence with increases in age from the 17 to 19
age group up to the 35 to 44 year olds. Prevalence declines
to 13.9 percent for those 65 years of age and okfer. The quit
ratio increases directly with age, from 22.3 percent for the 17
to 19 year olds to 70.4 percent for the 65 years of age and
older group.

The proportion of the white population currently smoking is
26.4 percent; the proportion of the black population currently
smoking is 28.4 percent. Among whites who have ever
smoked, 49.3 percent have stopped and among blacks who
have ever smoked, 38.8 percent have stopped.

The Western region has the lowest smoking prevalence, 24.5
percent, and the highest quit ratio, 51.7 percent. The
Southeast region has the highest smoking prevalence, 28.2
percent, and shares the lowest quit ratio, 45.9 percent, with
the Midwest.

Among the different marital status groups, the divorced or
separated group has the highest smoking prevalence, 38.2
percent. The widowed group, however, has the highest quit
ratio, 58.9 percent.

Smoking prevalence declines with increasing number of years
of education, For those with 11 or fewer years of education,
the prevalence is 31.4 percent; the proportion of smokers
among those who have 16 years or more of education is 16.3
percent. The quit ratio increases from 44.1 percent for the less
educated group to 63.5 percent for the more educated group.

The same pattern is observed for income. Smoking
prevalence falls from 28.9 percent for those with a household
income of $10,000 or less, to 21.8 percent for those with a
household income of more than $40,000. The quit ratio in-
creases with each income category, from 41.5 percent to 58.8
percent. The smoking prevalence is 30.0 percent for those
who fall below the poverty level and 27.3 percent for those
who are above the poverty level; the quit ratio is 39.1 percent
and 48.5 percent, respectively.

Total Tobacco Use Status

Cigarettes are the major type, but not the only type of tobacco,
used by the population. People also smoke cigars and pipes
and use chewing tobacco and snuff. Accordingly, it is
important to review total tobacco use in the population.
Table 2 presents the data on tobacco use, including quit ratios,
by so&demographic variables. Among the adult male

population, 37.9 percent are current users of some form of
tobacco, 35.1 percent areformer users, and 27.0 percent have
never been users; the quit ratio is 48.1 percent. Among the
adult female population, 24.4 percent are current users of
some form of tobacco, 20.9 percent areformer us8rs, and 54.7
percent have n8v8r b88n users; the quit ratio iS 46.1 percent.
A comparison of Table 1 and Table 2 shows that the use of
tobacco Other than cigarettes is predominantly a male
phenomenon.

There is a continual increase in prevalence of tobacco use as
age increases, from 22.2 percent in the 17 to 19 years of age
group, to 36.4 percent in the 35 to 44 years of age group. The
prevalence deCr8aSeS significantly to 19.5 percent for those
65 years of age and older. The quit ratio increases with age,
from 35.3 percent for those 17 to 19 years old to 63.9 percent
for thOS8 65 years of age and older.

The survey shows that th8 prevalence of tobacco us8
decreases with increasing years of education. It ranges from
37.1 percent for those with 11 or fewer years of education, to
21.3 percent for those who haV8 completed college and have
16 years or more of education. The quit ratio increases from
41.3 percent forthose with some high school education to 61.4
percent for those with a college degree.

Among the marital status groups, those in the divorced or
Separated category have th8 highest overall tobacco us8 at
41.6 percent. The widowed category hasthe highest quit ratio
of 54.1 percent.

In the household income category, those with an annual
income of between $20,000 and $29,999 have the highest
tobacco us8 prevalence at 36.4 percent. Those with an annual
income of $40,000 or more have the highest quit ratio at 57.2
percent.

Tobacco Use: Cigar/Pipe and Smokeless
Status

As shown in Table 3, currently 4.3 percent of the United States
adult population smoke cigars or pipes and 2.7 percent us8
smokeless tobacco. As indicated earlier, use of these types of
tobacco occurs mainly in males, 8.7 percent of whom smoke
cigars or pipes and 5.2 percent of whom us8 smokeless
tobacco. Usage of cigars and pipes increases with age, up to
6.7 percent in the 45 to 54 years of age group and Starts
declining thereafter. Female usage is less than one percent.

The opposite phenomenon is observed among the current
us8rs of smok8l8ss tobacco. Smokeless tobacco us8
declines with age. up to th8 45 to 54 year okfs.  Almost the
same proportion of whites and blacks, 2.8 percent and 2.3
percent, respectively, us8 smokel8ss tobacco. Currently, 4.4
percent of whites and 3.7 percent of blacks are smoking cigars
or pipes.

There is no marked variation among regions for cigar and pipe
US8. The Southeast, hOWeVer, has a higher pr8Val8nCe Of

16


smok8less tobacco us8, 4.2 percent, fOllOWed by the West
with 2.3 percent.

The populations with 11 or fewer years of education and with
16 or more years of 8dUCatiOn haV8 th8 highest prevalence of
cigar and pipe smoking, 4.9 percent and 5.3 percent, respec-
tively. The us8 of smokeless tobacco, however, declines from
4.5 percent to 1.6 percent as 8dUCatiOn increases.

There is a pattern of increasing prevalence of cigar and pip8
us8 from 3.1 percent to 5.5 percent as household income
increases. The opposite is true for the us8 of smok8l8ss
tobacco: 4.1 percent for those with hous8hoM incomes of less
than $10,000; 2.1 percent for those with household incomes
of $40,000 or more. Of those above the poverty level, 4.7
percent smoke cigars or pipes and of thOS8 below the poverty
level, 3.0 percent smoke cigars or pipes. For smok8less
tobacco, the figures are reversed: 2.5 percent for those above
the poverty level and 4.3 percent for those below the poverty
level.

Tobacco Use: Status of Different
Combinations

Table 4 shows the different combinations of tobacco us8. The
proportion of the United States adult population that currently
SmOk8S cigarettes, but does not us8 other forms of tobacco,
is 24.3 percent, while another23 percent also us8 other forms
of tobacco. Former cigarette smokers who do not us8 any
Other form of tobacco represent 22.6 percent. Another 1.9
percent of the United States population are former cigarette
smokers Who Currently use 8ith8r smok8less tobacco (9.9
percent) or cigars or pipes (1 .O percent). The proportion of the
population that has nev8r smoked cigarettes nor used any
Other tobacco is 46.5 percent. Another 1.1 percent, although
they have never smoked cigarettes, currently us8 smokeless
tobacco and 1.3 percent smoke cigars or pipes.

Changes in Smoking and Tobacco Use

Since 1975 Tables 5 and 6 present the cigarette smoking and
tobacco us8 data from the 1975 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey.
Comparison of the data from the 1975 survey with data from
the 1986 survey shows that more aduft males smoked in 1975,
40.5 percent, than in 1986,29.5 percent. Smoking prevalence
for adult females was also higher in 1975 at 31.4 percent
compared to 23.8 percent in 1986.

Smoking prevalence increased with age, peaking in the 35 to
44 years of age group, after which it decreased.  In 1975,
smoking prevalence increased from 38.2 percent in 21 to 24
year olds to 43.6 percent in 35 to 44 year old% then decreased
to 17.4 percent for thOS8 65 years of age and older.  A similar
pattern existed in the 1986 data; however, the whole cUw8
was lower. In 1986, smoking prevalence increased from 18.9
percent in the 17 to 19 year oMs (a younger age group than
surveyed in 1975), peaked at 32.8 percent in the 3510 44years

of age group, then decreased to 13.9 percent for those 65
years of age and older.

The quit ratio increases continually according to both the 1975
and the 1986 surveys, although it is at a higher overall level in
1986. In 1975, the quit ratio increased from 28.1 percent in
the yOUng8St age group to 57.9 percent in the oldest age
group. The pattern is similar in 1986. The quit ratio increased
from 22.3 percent in the youngest age group to 70.4 percent
in the Oldest age group.

Within the education category, smoking prevalence in 1986
decreased as edu,@on level increased. Those with 11 or
fewer years of education had a smoking prevalence of 31.4
percent while those with 16 or more years of education had a
smoking prevalence of 16.3 percent. In 1975, however, the
smoking preVal8tIC8 increased from 35.2 perCent for those
with some high school education to 40.2 percent forthose with
a high school education and decreased for those with a
college education. Overall, smoking prevalence has
decreased considerably from 1975 to 1986 for those with 16
or more years of education from 27.6 percent in 1975 to 16.3
percent in 1986.

The quit ratio by education is totally different for each year
surveyed. In 1986, it continued to increase from 44.1 percent
for those with 11 or fewer years of education to 63.5 percent
for those with 16 or more years. In 1975, however, th8 quit
ratio was 38.8 percent for those with less than 12 years of
8dUCatiOn. It then increased for those with some college, 41 .l
percent, to a high of 51.2 percent for thOS8 with a college
degree.

Describing Smoking Patterns

The health consequences of smoking are related to the d8-
gree of exposure that a person has to tobacco smoke (Sur-
geon General's reports 1964-l 986). The most commonly used
index of exposure is the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
t-iowever, the accuracy of this index as a measure of exposure
has been questioned. Biochemical studies havefound that the
correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day
and the biochemical markers of use, cotinine, th'kJCyanat8,
and carbon monoxide, is not high.

A related index of exposur8 iS the "strength" of the cigarette
smoked. Three categories of this exposure variable, selected
to give approximately equal distributions of the population, are
reported in Table 7. The Federal Trade Commission has
established a standard procedure for measuring the relative
strengths of different cigarettes by assessing the amount of
tar and nicotine that each delivers When smoked by a machine
in a standard manner. The level of tar and the level of nicotine
delivered by different cigarettes according to the standard
measurement method are highly correlated and it is sufficient
to report only one. Three categories of cigarette tar level, also
selected t0 provide reasonably 8qUal distributions, are
reported in this Table. The Table also provides information on
the percentage of each groupthat smokes menthol Cigarett8S.
Menthol, which has some local anesthetic properties, may
enable a smoker to haV8 a stronger inhalation technique and,

17


therefore, to Obtain a larger dose Of tobacco SmOk8 con-
stituents per cigarette.

The proportion of current SmOk8rS who smoke 15 or fewer
cigarettes per day ("light" smokers) is 35 percent. An equal
proportion, 34.9 percent, smoke 16 to 24 cigarettes per day
and 30.1 percent SmOk8 25 or more cigarettes per day ("heavy
smokers"). The proportion of those smoking 15 or fewer
cigarettes among male current smokers is 29.8 percent and
among females it is 40.7 percent. There are 36.2 percent male
and 23.4 percent female current smokers who are heavy
SmOk8rS, smoking 25 or more cigarettes per day. Among 17
to 19 year olds, more smokers, 53.8 percent, tend to smoke
15 cigarettes or fewer per day. This proportion of light smokers
decreases with increasing age up to the 55 to 64 years of age
group at 29.8 percent. In the oldest age category, those 65
years of age and oMer, the proportion of light smokers was
42.1 percent. However, this change may be a result of
differential mortality in heavier smokers rather than a change
in cigarette smoking pattern. The proportion of heavy smokers
increases with age, from 12.1 percent of the 17 to 19 year olds,
to 38.5 percent of the 45 to 54 year olds. Then it falls to 21.3
percent for those 65 years of age and oM8r.

Among whit8 smokers 31.2 percent are light smokers and 33.1
percent are heavy smokers. Among blacks, however, the
majority, 61.3 percent, are light SmOk8rS and 11.4 percent are
heavy smokers.

The region with the highest proportion of light smokers, 39.1
percent, and the lowest proportion of heavy smokers, 28.8
percent. is the Western region. The Midwest has the lowest
proportion of light smokers, 31.7 percent, and the highest
proportion of heavy smokers, 33.3 perCent.

The difference in the number of cigarettes smoked per day by
education level is only minor. Of those with 16 years or more
of education, 39.1 percent smoked 15 or fewer cigarettes per
day and of those with 11 or fewer years of education, 33.5
percent smoked 15 or fewer cigarettes per day. Only 28.1
percent Of th8 more 8dUCat8d and 30.0 percent Of the l8SS
educated smoked 25 or more cigarettes per day.

The majority of smokers, 58.8 percent, smoke cigarettes with
a tar level of more than 15 mg/per cigarette. This is true for
both males, 65.2 percent, and females, 51.7 percent, and for
each age group. Among whit8 smokers, 31.8 percent smoke
"low-tar" cigarettes, with a tar level of less than or equal to 10
mg/per cigarette, and 55.9 percent smoke "high-taPcigarettes
with more than 15 mg/per cigarette. However, among black
smokers, 14.5 percent smoke low-tar cigarettes, and the
majority, 78.0 percent, smoke cigarettes with a high-tar yield.
The Midwest region has the highest proportion of smokers of
high-tar cigarettes, 84.3 percent, and the Northeast has the
lowest proportion, 50.6 percent. High-tar cigarettes are
smoked by 50.4 percent of the more educated SmOk8rS and
64.8 percent of the less educated smokers.

Overall, 29.2 percent of current smokers, 24.9 percent of
males and 34.0 percent of females, us8 menthol cigarettes.
Noticeably, 75.5 percent of black SmOk8rS use menthol
cigarettes, compared to 23.1 percent of whites. The SOUth8aSt
region has th8 highest proportion, 31.2 percent, of m8nthOl

cigarette users while the West has the lowest proportion. 24.5
percent. Of Smokers who fail below th8 poverty level, 38.6
percent Smoke menthol cigarettes, a higher percentage than
the 27.7 percent above the poverty level who smoke menthol
cigarettes. In general, the proportion that smokes menthol
cigarettes in any particular subpopulation will reflect the
distribution of blacks in that population.

The Smoking Patterns of Former Smokers

Smoking patterns, i.e., the amount and type of tobacco us8 of
former smokers, are only important if they are different from
those of current smokers. If, for example, heavy SmOk8rS
predominated among current smokers and light smokers
predominated among former smokers, there would be con-
cern that there might be a large group of "hard-core" smokers
resistant to change. Therefore, th8 smoking prevalence might
start to level off.

Table 8 presents data for those who have quit in the last 5
years. In this group of former smokers, 38.2 percent smoked
15 or fewer cigarettes per day, 29.6 percent smoked 16 to 24
cigarettes per day, and 32.2 percent smoked 25 or more
cigarettes per day. Among these former smokers, 31.2 per-
cent of males and 46.6 percent of females were light Smokers,
but 39.2 percent of males and 23.7 percent of females were
heavy smokers. The proportion that used to be heavy smokers
increased in each age group to 30.8 percent of 25 to 44 year
olds and 45.1 percent of the 45 to 64 year olds, but it was
lower, 27.8 percent, among those 65 years of age and Older.
Among whit8 smokers, 36.1 percent used to be light smokers
and 34.2 percent used to be heavy Smokers. Among black
smokers, these proportions were 57.0 percent and 12.1
percent, respectively.

Among former smokers, 42.1 percent of those with 16 or more
years of education used to smoke 15 or fewer cigarettes as
opposed to 36.0 percent of those with 11 or fewer years of
education. Of the more educated former SmOk8rS, 25.5 per-
cent used to be heavy SmOk8rS, and 35.2 percent of the less
educated former smokers w8r8 heavy SmOk8rS. Overall, 57.6
percent of former smokers used to smoke high-tar cigarettes,
60.5 percent of males and 54.1 percent of females. For all
groups, the proportion of former smokers who used to Smoke
high-tar cigarettes is higher than the proportion who used to
smoke cigarettes with lower tar content. Low-tar cigarettes,
less than or equal to 10 mg, w8r8 used by 33.4percent of white
former smokers and 15.5 percent of black former smokers.
Also, 55.3 percent of white former smokers used to smoke
high-tar cigarettes compared to 77.2 percent of black former
smokers.

Menthol cigarettes were used by 30.3 percent of former
smokers, 23.6 percent of males and 38.3 percent of females.
Again, menthol usage is mainly a black phenomenon with 72.4
percent of black former smokers who used to Smoke menthol
cigarettes compared to 25.9 percent of whit8 former smokers.

The overall conclusion is that there are not substantial dif-
ferences between former SmOk8rS and current smokers in
their pattern of smoking. This lack of diff8renCe suggests that

18


the patterns of smoking examined here (daily cigarette con-
sumption, tar yield, mentholation) might not be associated with
smokers' ability to quit.

Attempts to Quit Smoking Among
Current Smokers

Knowledge of changes in current smoking status is not ex-
clusive in predicting what is likely to happen over the next
several years with respect to smoking prevalence. Also
relevant is the proportion of smokers who have made quit
attempts. Table 9 presents these data for different subgroups
of the population.

More than one-third, 35.5 percent, of current smokers have
never tried to quit; 36.7 percent of male and 34.2 percent of
female smokers. Another 37.3 percent of all smokers made
one to two attempts, 18.9 percent made three to five attempts,
and 8.3 percent attempted to quit six or more times. By age,
47.2 percent of the youngest age group, 17 to 19 year olds,
have never tried to stop, 32.2 percent of the 35 to 44 year age
group and 37.0 percent of the 65 years of age and older group
have never tried to stop. The proportion of those who did not
try to quit is similar for whites and blacks, 35.6 percent and
34.3 percent, respectively. 01 those who have not completed
high school, 37.1 percent have never made an attempt to quit,
while of those with a college degree or more, 32.5 percent
have not tried to quit.

As shown in Table 10, among current smokers in 1975, 37.6
percent had never attempted to quit: 35.4 percent of males
and 40.4 percent of females. Another 37percent of all smokers
made one to two attempts, 18.1 percent made three to five
attempts, and 7.3 percent made six or more attempts to quit.
In the 21 to 24 years of age group in 1975,37.8 percent had
never attempted to quit, a contrast to 42.5 percent of the 20 to
24 years of age group in 1986. Among the older groups,
however, more people made no attempt to quit in 1975,40.4
percent for the 55 to 64 years of age group and 44.9 percent
for the 65 years of age and older group. In 1986, those figures
had dropped to 35.8 percent and 37.0 percent, respectively.
In 1975, among those who had not completed high school,
36.4 percent had never tried to stop, while among those with
a college degree or more, 33.3 percent had made no attempt
to quit.

In the different marital status categories, the widowed had the
highest proportion of those who had never tried to quit, 48.7
percent. This proportion does not vary substantially for the
different income groups, from 38.1 percent among those
earning less than $10,000 to 36.1 percent among those with
an income of $20,000 or more.

Comparing the 1975 data to the 1986 data on the number of
attempts to quit, there are very few differences of any mag-
nitude among any subgroups of the population. There are two
possible interpretations of this lack of change. Either the
process of changing smoking patterns is consistent over time
or the way in which quit attempts are recalled does not truly

reflect quitting behavior. Given the consistent pattern of
decrease in smoking prevalence over time, the first
interpretation seems likely.

Quit Attempts of Former Smokers

The number of former smokers who succeed on either the first
or the second quit attempt is a measure of the success rate of
quit attempts in the community. These data are presented for
1986 in Table 11.

The majority of former smokers, 70.2 percent, have madoone
to two attempts before quitting, 21.2 percent tried three to fiie
times, and 8.6 percent tried six or more times. The same
pattern holds true for male former smokers, 68.9 percent of
whom tried one to two times, and female former smokers, 72.2
percent of whom made one to two attempts. White former
smokers who made one to two attempts were 70.3 percent,
and black former smokers, 68.6 percent.

Table 12 shows that in 1975, the majority of former smokers,
59.0 percent, made one to two attempts before quitting, 24.8
percent tried three to five times and 16.2 percent tried six or
more times. The same pattern holds for males, 56.9 percent
of whom tried one to two times, and females, 62.9 percent of
whom tried one to two times.

The major difference between 1975 and 1986 is that a greater
proportion of former smokers indicated that they were suc-
cessful on their first or second attempt to quit in 1986 (70.2
percent) than in 1975 (59.0 percent).

Age of Initiation of Smoking

Age of initiation of smoking is another important variable
predicting what will happen to smoking prevalence. Initiation
of smoking by adolescents is influenced by social mores.
Table 13 shows that almost half of current smokers, 46.7
percent, started when they were younger than 18 years of age.
By the age of 20, 78.3 percent had initiated smoking. Among
males currently smoking, 51.7percent started before 18years
of age and 83.9 percent started before their 21st birthday.
Among female current smokers, however, these figures are
41.0 percent and 72.0 percent, respectively, indicating that
females have traditionally started smoking at older ages.
Among the 25 to 44 years of age group, 20.2 percent started
smoking regularly after the age of 20 years, among the 45 to
64 years of age group, 29.2 percent had done so, and among
those 65 years of age and older, the proportion is44.3 percent.
Thus, the age of initiation of smoking has remained an adoles-
cent phenomenon and has decreased over time.

Among white smokers, 49.1 percent started before 18 years
of age, 79.9 percent before 21 years of age. However, among
blacks, 31 .O percent had started before they reached the age
of 18 years and 68.2 percent before the age of 21 years. Thus,
black smokers tend to start smoking at okfer ages than white
smokers.

19


People with 16 years or more of education tend to start later
in life compared to those with less education; 28.1 percent had
started before the age of 18 years, 69.1 percent before the
age of 21 years and 30.9 percent after the age of 20 years.
For those with 11 or fewer years of education, these propor-
tions are 59.3 percent, 83.3 percent and 16.7 percent, respec-
tively.

Age of initiation among former smokers is important if it is
different from that of current smokers. Age of initiation might
predict the strength of addiction and the difficulty in quitting.
Again, this might indicatethat current smokers may have more
difficufty quitting than former smokers.

Table 14 shows that among former smokers, 41.3 percent
started smoking before 18 years of age and 76.1 percent
before 21 years of age. Among male former smokers, 46.0
percent initiated smoking before 18 years of age and 81.2
percent had done so before 21 years of age. However, the
respective figures for female former smokers are 34.6 percent
and 68.8 percent. Only 18.8 percent of male former smokers
started smoking regularly after the age of 20 years, white 31.2
percent of the female former smokers did so. The proportion
of former smokers that started after they were 20 years of age
differs within the different age groups; 16.1 percent of the 25
to 44 years of age group, 26.1 percent of the 45 to 64 years
of age group and 41.2 percent of those 65 years of age and
older. In summary, slightly higher proportions of current

smokers began to smoke before the age of 18 years compared
to former smokers. This pattern is in accord with the
hypothesis that the lower the age of initiation, the greater is
the difficulty of quitting.

Among former white smokers, 42.0 percent started before the
age of 18 years and 76.9 percent before the age of 21 years.
Among black former smokers, however, 34.9 percent started
smoking regularly before 18 years of age and 68.7 percent
had started before 21 years of age. Among those with 11 or
fewer years of education, 26.7 percent started smoking after
the age of 20 years. The proportion for those who have 16
years or more of education is 24.0 percent.

Further Information

This summary of the 1986 Adult Use of Tobacco Survey
provides only some of the basic information relating to smok-
ing behavior. More detailed information on the survey, includ-
ing detailed analyses of smoking behavior in subgroups
defined by more than one variable, and an outline of how
people in the major so&demographic categories responded
to each question, will be available from the Office on Smoking
and HeaRh before the end of 1988. Further, afully documented
public access computer tape will also be available before the
end of 1988.

20


Table 1

Cigarette Smoking Status and Quit Ratios by
   Soclo Demographlc Variables
            1966

Total (Age 17+ years)

SEX
Male
Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  17-19
20-24
  25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  17
  1 a-24
25-44
45-64
65+
RACE

White
Black
Other
REGION

Midwest
Northeast
Southeast
west
MARITAL STATUS
MarrfedXohabitating
Widowed
Divorced/Separated
Never Married
Unknown
EDUCATION
11 or Fewer Years
12 Years
13-15 Years
16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
$10,000 or Less
$lO.OOO-$19,999
$20.000-$29.999
$30,000~$39,999
$40.000+
Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
ProfessionaVTechnicaI
SalesIClericsl
Craftsman
Operative
Laborer/Service
Never in Labor Force
Occuwtion Not Reported

POVERTY LEVEL"' '
Above
Below
Unknown

Smoking status (%)

Current Former

26.5   24.6

29.5   30.4
23.8    19.3

18.9    5.4
25.0    10.2
31.4    19.8
32.8   26.0
29.3   31.6
26.0   36.0
13.9   33.2

15.9    3.6
24.1    9.4
32.0    22.5
27.7   33.8
13.9   33.2

26.4   25.7
28.4    i 8.0
24.5    19.1

Quit Est. ooo. Sample

Never ratio"  (mil.)

48.9   0.481   176.5

40.0   0.508   83.9
56.9   0.448   92.6

75.7   0.223 '  10.7

size

13,031

6,377
6,654

64.7   0.290
48.8   0.387
41.2   0.442
39.1   0.519
38.0   0.560
52.8   0.704

80.5   0.186
66.6   0.280
45.4   0.413
38.5   0.550
52.8   0.704

48.0   0.493
53.6   0.388
56.4   0.439

20.0
41.2
32.2
22.6
22.3
27.4

560
1,086
3,010
2,792
i ,825
1,791
1.967

4.4     193
26.4    1,453
73.4   5,802
44.9   3,616
27.4    1,967

151.4   11,563
19.4    1,096
5.7     372

26.6
25.5
28.2
24.5

22.6
26.8
23.9
26.2

50.8   0.459   43.7   3,236
47.7   0.513   37.1    2,968
47.9   0.459   61.9   4.301
49.3   0.517   33.8   2,526

26.9   28.5    44.6   0.515   113.8   8,364
18.0   25.8    56.3   0.589   12.4    1.011
38.2   23.9    37.9   0.384   14.9    1.446
23.4    ii.8    64.8   0.335   35.1    2,179
33.5   37.1    29.4   0.526    0.4      31

31.4   24.8
28.9   24.0
24.4   22.2
16.3   28.4

46.3   2,431
66.9   4,872
32.8    3.118
30.5   2,610

28.9   20.5
28.7   23.0
31.4   22.8
28.0   24.9
21.8   31.2
21.4   23.1

43.8   0.441
47.2   0.454
53.4   0.476
55.2   0.635

50.6   0.415
48.3   0.445
45.8   0.420
47.1   0.470
47.0   0.588
55.5   0.519

17.9   1,220
31.4   2,204
37.7   2.853
22.5   1,735
36.0   2,947
31.1    2,072

22.6   33.0    44.4   0.593   16.0   t ,438
17.1    26.3    56.6   0.605   27.5    2,240
25.7   23.4    50.9   0.476   43.3   3,290
34.8   32.6    32.6   0.483   22.7   1,725
32.6   24.0    43.3   0.424   18.8    1,286
30.2   20.8    49.0   0.408   28.7   i ,873
20.9    9.2    69.9   0.307   11.9     597
28.4   24.4    47.2   0.463    7.5     582

27.3   25.7    47.0   0.485   128.4   9,913
30.0    19.3    50.7   0.391    17.0    1,046
21.4   23.1    55.5   0.519   31.1    2,072

o Smoking status totals to 100%.
o * The Quit ratio is the number of former smokers divided by the number of people who have
ever smoked.

*** Poverty Level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See
text for exact procedures.

21


Table 2

Tobacco Use: Status and Quit Ratlos by
  Soclo Demographic Variables
          1986

Total (Age 17+ years)          30.8   27.7   41.5   0.473   176.5  13,031

Sf3
Male
Female

37.9   35.1    27.0   0.401   63.9   6,377
24.4   20.9   54.7   0.461   92.6   6,654

AGE (1 st grouping)
17-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64

65+
AG;7Wd CPQW

18-24
25-44
45-64
65+
RACE
White
Wade
Other
REGION
Mdwest
Northeast
Southeast
west

MARITAL STATUS
Marrtsd/Cohabitatfng
Widowed
Divorced/Separated
Never Married
Unknown
EDUCATION
11 cr Fewer Years

12 Years
13-15 Years
16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
$10,000 or Less
$10,000-$19,999
$20,000-$29,999
$30.000939999
S40.000+

Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrstor/Manager
ProfsssionaKTechnicaf

sales/clerical -.
Craftsman
Operative
Laborer/Setvice
Never in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported
POVERTY LEVEL"'
Above
Below
Unknown

Tobacco use status 1%)  Quit Est. pop. Sample

Current Former

Never

ratio"

(mil.)

size

22.2   12.1   65.7   0.353
28.1   16.8   55.2   0.374
34.8   24.0   41.2   0.408
36.4   29.1   34.5   0.445
35.1   32.1    32.8   0.477
31.8   36.9   31.3   0.537
19.5   34.4    46.2   0.639

10.7
20.0
41.2
32.2
22.6
22.3

27.4

560
1,086
3,010
2,792
1,825
1,791
1,967

19.1   10.8    70.2   0.360    4.4     193
27.2   15.9   57.0   0.369   26.4   1,453
35.5   26.2   38.3   0.425   73.4   5,802
33.5   34.5   32.0   0.507   44.9   3,616
19.5   34.4    46.2   0.639   27.4   1,967

30.8   28.6    40.5   0.482   151.4   11.563
32.3   21.5   46.2   0.399   19.4   1,096
26.2   22.8    50.9   0.465    5.7     372

30.6   26.3   43.1
29.6   28.7   41.7
33.2   26.9   39.9
28.2   29.7    42.1

0.462
0.492

0.448
0.513

43.7   3,236
37.1   2,968
61.9   4,301
33.8   2,526

31.5   30.9    37.6
22.1   26.1    51.8
41.6   26.9   .`31.5
27.2   17.9   54.9
38.0   32.6   29.4

0.496

0.541
0.393

113.8
12.4

14.9

0.397
0.461

35.1
0.4

8,364
1,011
1,446
2,179
  31

37.1   26.1    36.7   0.413   46.3   2,431
32.3   26.2   41.5   0.448   66.9   4,872
27.8   26.9   45.3   0.492   32.8   3.118
21.3   33.9   44.8   0.614   30.5   2,610

33.3   23.6   43.2   0.415
32.9   24.8   42.2   0.430
35.4   25.9   38.7   0.423
32.0   27.9    40.1   0.466
26.8   35.9   37.2   0.572
25.6   25.2   49.2   0.497

17.9
31.4

37.7
22.5
36.0
31.1

1,220
2,204
2.853
1,735
2,947
2,072

28.0   37.6
20.7   30.7
27.4   25.4
42.9   33.9
39.4   26.8
34.3   23.2
23.3   16.5
34.2   26.2

34.4
48.6
47.1
23.2
iit
6012
39.5

0.574
0.597
0.481
0.441
0.404
0.404
0.415
0.434

16.0

27.5
43.3

22.7
18.8
28.7
11.9
7.5

1.438
2,240
3,290
1,725
1,286
i ,873
597
582

31.6   28.9   39.6   0.477
34.0   23.1    42.2   0.399
25.6   25.2    49.2   0.497

128.4
17.0

31.1

9,913
1,046
2.072

o Tobacco use stahrs totsls to 100%.
.* The &it ratio is the number of former smokers divided by the number of people who have
ever smoked.
. . . Poverty Level Is bssed on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See
text for exact procedurss.

22


Table 3

Tobacco Use: Cigar/Pipe and Smokeless Tobacco Use Status by
         Socio DemoaraDhic Variables

Total (Age 17+ years)

SEX
  Male
  Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  17-19
  20-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  17
  18-24
  25-44
  45-64
  65+
RACE
  White
  Black
  Other
REGION
  Midwest
  Northeast
  Southeast
  Kest
MARITAL STATUS

MarriedCohabitating
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION

  11 or Fewer Years
  12Years
  13-15 Years
  16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
$10,000-$19,999
$20,000-$29,999
$30,000-$39.999
$40.000+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT

Administrator/Manager
  Professional/Technical
  Sales/Clerical
  Craftsman
Operative
  Laborer/Service
Never in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported
POVERTY LEVEL'
  Above
  Below
  Unknown

Cigar/pipe smoking        Smokeless tobacco use
  status (%)              status (%)

Current Former  Never  Total  Current Former  Never   Total

4.3

22.2

73.5

8.7   41.8    49.6
0.3    4.5    95.2

1.5    13.6    85.0
2.0    16.6    81.4
4.0   19.1    76.9
5.0    26.2    68.8
6.7   25.2    68.1
5.1    27.9    67.0
3.9   22.6    73.5

0.8    13.0    86.2
2.0    16.0    82.0
4.4   22.2    73.3
5.9   26.5    67.6
3.9   22.6    73.5

4.4   23.4    72.2
3.7    13.9    82.4
3.5    19.4    77.1

4.8    22.6    72.6
4.6    19.6    75.7
3.8    23.2    73.0
4.1   22.7    73.2

4.8   25.3    69.9
1.8    8.9    89.2
5.6   20.1    74.3
2.8   17.7    79.4
2.4   27.5    60.1

4.9    22.8    72.3
3.6   20.0    76.5
3.9   22.5    73.6
5.3   26.0    68.7

3.1
4.0
:.z
515
3.3

16.8    80.1
21.2    74.9
23.1    72.6
24.2    70.8
28.1    66.4
17.1    79.6

6.0   30.0    63.9
3.5   21.3    75.2
2.2    13.9    83.8
8.2    41.0    50.7
6.5    27.8    65.7
3.5    17.7    78.7
1.6   10.1    88.3
4.4   22.2    73.4

4.7    23.9    71.4
3.0    18.6    78.3
3.3    17.1    79.6

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

2.7    3.9    93.4

5.2    7.4    87.4
0.5    0.8    98.7

4.1
f ::
Z
3.1
3.0

6.1    89.8
5.0    92.1
3.3    94.3
2.9    94.9
3.9    93.6
4.1    92.8
4.2    92.8

4.0    4.0    92.0
3.2    5.6    91.1
2.3    3.1    94.5
2.8    4.0    93.2
3.0    4.2    92.8

2.8    3.9    93.3
2.3    3.9    93.7
1.8    3.7    94.5

2.1    3.5    94.4
1.4    2.0    96.5
4.2    5.0    90.8
2.3    4.4    93.2

2.7
3.2
El
1.4

4.0    93.3
2.4    94.4
4.3    93.5
4.0    93.2
1.4    87.2

4.5
2.4
1.9
1.6

S*f
3:7
1.7

89.7
93.8
94.5
96.7

4.1
3.0
z
2:1
2.7

5.4
4.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
3.0

90.5
92.3
93.3
93.4
94.9
94.3

1.6
1.1
0.7
6.4
4.6
3.4
2.5
4.8

2.2
1.8
2.0
9.3
5.6
d:i
4.1

96.2
97.1
97.3
84.2
89.8
92.3
93.5
91.1

2.5    3.8    93.7
4.3    6.2    89.5
2.7    3.0    94.3

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

Est. pop. Sample

(mil.).

size

176.5   13,031

83.9   6,377
92.6   6,654

10.7     560
20.0    1.086
41.2   3,010
32.2   2,792
22.6    1,825
22.3   1,791
27.4   1,967

4.4     193
26.4    1,453
73.4   5.802
44.9   3,616
27.4    1,967

151.4   11,563
19.4    1,096
5.7     372

43.7   3,236
37.1   2,968
61.9   4.301
33.8   2,526

113.8   8,364
12.4   1,011
14.9   1,446
35.1   2,179
0.4      31

46.3   2,431
66.9   4,872
32.8   3,118
30.5   2,610

17.9   1,220
31.4   2,204
37.7   2,853
22.5   1,735
36.0   2,947
31.1    2,072

16.0   1,438
27.5   2,240
43.3   3.290
22.7    1,725
18.8    1,286
28.7    1,873
11.9    597
7.5     582

128.4    9,913
17.0   1,046
31.1    2,072

o Poverty level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See text for exact procedures.

23


Table 4

Tobacco Use: Status of Different Comblnations by
    Soclo Demographlc Variables
           i 986

Current Cigarettes        Former Cigarettes            Never Cigarettes

No other   Plus other

Total (Age 17+ years)         24.3      2.3      22.6      0.9       1.0      46.5       1.1       1.3

SEX
Male
Female

24.9      4.6       26.4      1.9       2.2      35.8       1.8       2.5
23.7       0.1       19.3      0.1       0.0      56.3      0.4      0.2

AGE (1st grouping)
  17-19
20-24
25-34
  35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  17
  18-24
25-44
  45-64
  65+
RACE
White
Black
Other
REGION
Midwest
Northeast
Southeast
West
MARITAL STATUS
MarriedJCohabitating
Widowed
Divorced/Separated
Never Married
Unknown
EDUCATION
11 or Fewer Years
12 Years
13-15 Years
16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
$10.000-$19,999
$20.000-$29,999
!$x&~~-$39.999
Unknown+
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
ProfossionaUTechnil
SalosJCforfcal
Craftsman
Operative
Laborer/Service
Never In Labor Force
Occuoatfon Not Reported

POVERTY LEVEL' '
Above
Below
Unknown

No other    Only     Only     No other    Only     Only
tObaCC0   smokeless  cigars/pipe   tobacco   smokeless  cigars/pipe

17.2
23.4
28.8
29.6
26.6
23.8
12.8

1.7
1.6
b-X
2:7
2.2
1.1

5.3      0.2
9.8      0.3
18.5      0.7
23.9      1.0
28.0      1.6
33.2      1.3
30.6      1.3

0.;
0.7
1.2
2.1
1.4
1.3

72.5      2.5       0.7
62.2      1.7       0.8
46.7      1.0       1.0
39.8      0.2       1.2
36.9      0.3       1.9
35.0      1.4       1.6
49.9      1.4       1.5

14.9
22.3
Ef
12:8

0.9
1.7
2.8
2.5
1.1

3.6
2:::
30.6
30.6

0.3'    0.;
0.8       0.9
1.4       1.8
1.3       1.3

77.3      3.2
63.9      1.8
43.7      0.7
35.9      0.9
49.9      1.4

0.9
1.1
1.8
1.5

24.1       2.3       23.5      1.0       1.1       45.6
26.4      1.9       16.9      0.7       0.5      50.8
21.6      2.9       18.5      0.3       0.3      55.3

1.1
1.5

1.3
1.4
1.1

24.2
23.8
25.6
22.3

2.4
:.;
2:2

20.7      0.6
24.8      0.4
21.5      1.6
24.9      0.6

1.2
ATi
0:7

48.6      0.8       1.3
45.6      0.7       1.5
45.4      1.4       1.1
47.0      1.2       1.2

24.4      2.5      26.1
17.2      0.8       24.2
34.6      3.6      22.2
21.9      1.5      11 .o
25.7      7.8      32.6

1.2
0.4
0.4
0.4

1.2      42.5
1.1      53.6
1.3      36.2
0.4      61.8
4.6      29.4

0.8
2.7
0.6
1.6

1.4

i.i
1.4

28.3      3.1       22.2      1.6       1.0      40.6      1.9       1.3
26.7      2.2      22.2      0.9       0.8      45.4       0.8       0.9
22.4      2.0      20.8      0.5       0.9      51.4      0.8       1.2
14.8      1.5      26.1      0.5       1.8      52.6      0.7       1.9

26.3      2.5       19.0
26.4      2.3      20.6
29.0      2.4      21.0
25.1      3.0      22.5
19.8      2.1       29.2
19.8      1.6      21.3

1 .o
1.6
1 .o
1 .o
i:X

0.5      47.7
0.9      46.5
0.8      43.6
1.4      45.5
1.4      44.0
1.1       53.1

2.3
Ki
0:5
0.8
1.5

0.6
1 .o
1.3
:::
1 .o

20.7
16.3
24.7
29.3
28.9
27.8
19.7
25.5

1.9
0.8
1.0
5.6
9::
::i

30.9
24.6
22.4
28.3
21.6
18.7
2::;

E
0:3
2.8
1.6
2:
0:s

1.5      41.2
1.3      54.7
0.7      50.2
1.5      28.8
0.8      39.0
1.1       47.0
0.3      68.0
1.5      43.5

ii
0:2
1.9
1.8
1.5
::4"

2.4
1.5
0.5
1.9
E
0.3
1.4

24.9      2.4      23.6      1 .o       1.1       44.8      0.8       1.4
27.7      2.3       17.7      1.2       0.4      47.6      2.5       0.6
19.8      1.6      21.3      0.6       1.1      53.1       1.5       1 .o

Tobacco use status (96)

o Poverty level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See text for exact procedures.

24


Table 5

Cigarette Smoking Status and Quit Ratlos by
   Socio Demographic Variables

1975

Smoking status (%)

Total (Age 21+ years)          35.8   24.0    40.3    100   0.401   10,682

SEX
  Mate
  Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  21-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  21-24
  25-44
  4564
  65+
MARITAL STATUS
  Married
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
Some high school
High school graduate
Some college
College graduate
  Unknown
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10.000
$10,000-$19.999
$20.000+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
  ProfessionaVTechnicaI
Administrator/Manager
Sales/Clerical
Craftsman
Operatives
  Laborer/Service
  Not in Later Force
Occupation Not Reported

40.5   32.1    27.5
31.4    16.4    52.2

100   0.442
100   0.343

100   0.281
100   0.345
100   0.349
100   0.418
100   0.483
100   0.579

100   0.281
100   0.347
100   0.446
100   0.579

4,949
5,733

38.2    14.9    46.9
41.5   21.8    36.7
43.6   23.4    33.0
38.5   27.6    33.9
31.8   29.8    38.4
17.4   24.0    58.6

1,144
2,757
2,050
1,891
1,434
1,406

38.2    14.9    46.9
42.4   22.5    35.1
35.5   28.6    35.9
17.4   24.0    58.6

1,144
4,807
3,325
1,406

35.4   26.3    38.3    100   0.426   7,387
24.0    15.8    60.2    100   0.397   1,075
54.8   17.7    27.5    100   0.244   1,029
36.5    16.9    46.7    100   0.316   1,170
27.4   31.0    41.7    100   0.530      21

35.2   22.1    42.7    100   0.386   2,828
40.2   22.1    37.6    100   0.355   3,742
36.3   25.3    38.3    100   0.411   2,173
27.6   29.0    43.4    100   0.512    1,863
25.1   24.3    50.6    100   0.492     76

34.8    19.3    45.9
38.2   26.4    35.3
36.9   30.7    32.4
29.6   19.5    50.9

28.3   20.6    51.2
32.6   19.2    48.2
32.7   20.6    46.7
34.9    14.3    50.8
36.0    14.9    49.1
36.4    15.6    48.0
28.9    15.5    55.6
37.8   27.9   34.3

100   0.356
100   0.409
100   0.454
100   0.398

100   0.421
100   0.370
100   0.386
100   0.291
100   0.293
100   0.300
100   0.350
100 0.425

3,685
3,919
1,778
1,300

652
696
336
699
380
257
461
7,201

Current Former  Never   Total

Quit
ratio

Sample
size

25


Table 6

Tobacco Use: Status and Quit Ratios by
  Socio DemoaraDhlc Variables
       19%

Tobacco use status (%.)

Total (Age 21+ years)          42.9   22.9    34.2

SEX
  Male
  Female
A={`;; ww+d
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
: 5564
  85+
AG:j2;: grouping)

53.7   29.2    17.1    100   0.352   4,949
32.8   17.1    50.1    100   0.343   5,733

42.1    16.9    41.1    100   0.286   1,144
46.9   21.4    31.7   100   0.313   2,757
49.1   22.3    26.6    100   0.312   2,050
46.9   25.0    26.1    100   0.348   1,891
40.2   26.9    33.0   100   0.401    1,434
28.3   23.8    47.8    100   0.457   1,406

42.1    16.9    41.1    100   0.266   1,144
47.9   21.8    30.4    100   0.313   4.607
43.9   25.8    30.3    100   0.370   3,325
28.3   23.8    47.8    100   0.457   1,406

2544
  45-64
  65+
MARITAL STATUS

  Married
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
Some high school
High school graduate
Some college
College graduate
  Unknown
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
$10,000-$19.999
$20,000+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Professional/Technical
Administrator/Manager
  Sales/Clerical
  Craftsman
Operatives
  Laborer/service
Not in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported

Current Former  Never

     Quit
Total   ratio

100   0.346

10.682

42.9   24.6    32.5    100   0.364   7,387
31.0    16.1    52.9   100   0.341   1,075
59.3   17.7    23.0    100   0.230   1,029
42.0   19.1    39.0   100   0.312   1.170
27.4   31.0    41.7   100   0.530     21

43.8
46.0
41.9
36.6
37.7

ii::
25.9
27.8
20.4

35.3   100   0.323   2,828
33.5   100   0.308   3,742
32.2   100   0.382   2,173
35.6    100   0.432   1,863
42.0   100   0.351      76

41.8   18.9    39.5   100   0.312   3,685
45.3   25.0    29.6    100   0.355   3,919
45.8   27.9    26.3    100   0.379   1,778
35.1   20.3    44.6    100   0.366   1,300

30.0   22.0    48.0   100   0.423     652
34.0   19.8    46.1    100   0.368     696
33.5   20.7    45.8    100   0.382     336
35.7   15.2    49.1    100   0.299     699
38.9   17.1    44.0    100   0.306     380
37.0   16.4    46.6   100   0.307    257
30.8   16.3    52.9    100   0.347     461
40.2   25.7    26.1    100   0.347   7,201

Sample
size

26


Table 7

       ClQarette Exposure Levels:
  Amount Smoked. Tar Levels and Percent Menthol
Among Current Smokers by Scclo Demoarephlc Variables
            i986       - .

Cigarettes per day         Tar level, mg/cig

150r

Total (1765+)               35.0    34.9   30.1

SEX
  Male
  Female

29.8    34.0   36.2
40.7    35.9   23.4

AGE (1 st grouping)
  17-19
  20-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  5564
  65+
AGIEf$d grouping)

  1624
  2544
  45-64
  65+
RACE
  White
  Black
  Other
REGION
  Midwest
  Northeast
  southeast
  west

MARITAL STATUS
  Marrie&Cohabitatino
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
  11 or Fewer Years
  12 Years
  13-15 Years
  18+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
$lO,OoO-$19.999
$20,000-$29,999
$30.000-$39.999
w*ooo+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
  Professionamechnical
  SabdClerid
Craftsman
Operative
  Laborer/Service
Never in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported
POVERTY LEVEL'
  Above
  Below
  Unknown

53.8    34.1    12.1
41.0    40.0    19.0
39.2    32.8   28.0
28.8    35.3   35.9
26.9    34.6   38.5
29.8    33.8   36.4
42.1    36.7   21.3

51.7    42.8    5.5
43.8    37.9   18.3
34.5    33.9   31.5
28.3    34.2   37.5
42.1    36.7   21.3

31.2    35.7   33.1
61.3    27.3    11.4
40.5    40.6   16.8

31.7   35.0   33.3
34.9    35.3   29.8
35.3    35.9   28.8
39.1    32.0   28.8

32.7    34.6   32.7
40.3    37.0   22.7
30.2    37.2   32.6
45.3    33.8   20.9
53.6    22.4   23.8

33.5    36.5   30.0
34.4    33.7   31.9
36.4    36.1   27.4
39.1    32.8   28.1

40.5    33.8   25.7
34.0   34.2   31.0
34.0    36.5   29.6
35.3    34.4   30.3
29.3    34.1    36.6
39.3   35.2   25.5

32.3    36.3   31.4
34.6   34.7   30.7
38.2    34.4   27.3
27.8    33.6   38.6
32.3   34.0   33.7
37.0   34.6   28.4
43.6    36.7   19.6
40.1    41.4   18.5

33.3    35.2   31.6
41.4    32.4   26.2
39.3    35.2   25.5

16-24

25 or
more

Total   <=lO   SlO-15 >I5

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

29.6    11.6   58.6    100   29.2

26.8
32.7

31.7
30.4
32.2
30.6
26.3
26.2
26.3

8.0   65.2    100   24.9
15.6   51.7    100   34.0

2.7   65.6    100   29.3
4.9   64.8    100   24.1
5.6   62.1    100   36.9
12.7   56.7    100   31.3
19.2   54.5    100   23.0
16.2   57.5    100   24.4
22.6   51.1    100   21.1

38.9
29.9
31.5
26.3
26.3

31.8
14.5
26.2

25.3
36.8
28.0
31.0

29.6
30.3
26.9
31.6
19.5

4.0   57.1
4.3   65.8
8.8   59.7
17.8   55.9
22.6   51.1

12.3   55.9
7.6   78.0
5.3   68.5

10.4   64.3
12.6   50.6
12.7   59.3
9.6   59.4

12.4   58.0
19.1   50.7
13.8   59.3
5.0   63.4
    80.5

23.5
29.4
36.8
36.4

22.1
27.5
31.5
30.7
34.6
27.9

31.2
41.6
32.7
24.0
24.3
28.9
25.1
27.9

31.1
21.9
27.9

11.6   64.8
11.9   58.7
9.7   53.5
13.2   50.4

11.0   66.9
12.9   59.5
11.4   57.1
9.7   59.6
11.9   53.4
11.9   60.2

15.1   53.7
13.0   45.3
14.4   52.9
10.3   65.7
9.0 66.7
9.3   61.8
10.7   64.3
10.1   62.0

11.7   57.2
10.1   68.0
11.9   60.2

    % who
Total tn~n%~ol

100   29.0
100   25.2
100   34.4
100   23.7
100   21.1

100   23.1
100   75.5
100   24.9

100   30.5
100   27.9
100   31.2
100   24.5

100   27.3
100   28.9
100   32.3
100   34.1
100   34.7

100   27.6
100   29.7
100   32.0
100   27.1

100   36.8
100   26.7
100   28.3
100   29.6
100   27.7
100   29.6

100   26.4
100   29.7
100   33.0
100   23.5
100   26.0
100   30.0
100   35.7
100   32.9

100   27.7
100   38.6
100   29.6

o Poverty level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See text for exact procedures.

27


Total (Age 17+ years)          38.2    29.6   32.2

SEX
  Male
  Female
AG:$I;;grouping)
  20-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  65+
AGE(2nd grouping)
  17
  18-24
  25-44
  45-64
  65+
RACE
  White
  Black
  Other
REGION
  Midwest
  Northeast
  Southeast
  West
MARITALSTATUS
MarriedICohabitating
  Widowed
Divorce&Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
  1lorFewer Years
  12Years
  13-15 Years
  16+ Years
HOUSEHOLDINCOME
L8SS than $10,000
$lO,OOO-$19,999
$20.000-$29,999
$30,000-$39.999
$40,000+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
Professional/l8chnicaI
Sales/Clerical
Craftsman
Operative
Laborer/Service
Never in Labor Force
OccupationNot Reported
POVERTYLEVEL"
Above
  Below
  UnkrKiWn

31.2    29.6   39.2
46.6    29.7   23.7

80.6
58.3
40.5
34.9
27.0
24.8
36.3

2g.42
32:0
29.8
27.0
31.0
35.9

12.0
16.5
27.5
35.4
46.0
44.2
27.8

96.6    3.4
61.5    22.0
38.2    31.1
25.8    29.1
36.3    35.9

16.i
30.8
45.1
27.8

36.1    29.7   34.2
57.0    30.9    12.1
41.5    23.4   35.1

37.4    32.6   30.0
34.3    31.3   34.4
37.4    29.0   33.6
45.0    25.4   29.6

33.8
47.0
37.4
54.4

30.6
28.1
30.7
24.8
63.5

35.6
XE '.
20:7
36.5

36.0    28.8   35.2
36.5    29.8   33.7
40.8    27.7   31.5
42.1    32.4   25.5

45.6    29.6   24.9
33.7    33.3   33.0
39.9    28.2   32.0
34.6    30.7   34.7
39.6    28.1   32.2
37.3    29.5   33.2

30.5    33.1   36.4
43.4    27.5   29.1
46.9    29.6   23.4
25.8    27.3   46.9
28.6   38.5   32.9
39.8    28.2   32.0
50.3    20.1   29.7
36.7    27.4   35.9

37.7    29.9   32.4
45.2    27.0   27.7
37.3    29.5   33.2

Table 6

       Cigarette Exposure Levels:
Amount Smoked, Tar Levels and Percent Menthol
Among Former Smokers* by Soclo Demographic Variables
                1986

Cigarettesperday         Tar level, mglcig

%who

15
or less

16-24

25
ormore

Total   <=lO  >lO-15   >15  Total min%ol

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
1:
100

100
100
100

31.5   10.9   57.6    100   30.3

29.4   10.1   60.5    100   23.6
34.0   11.9 54.1    100   38.3

25.3    4.5   70.2    100   34.4
42.1    1.9 56.0    100   31.6
38.2    4.5   57.3    100   34.0
25.0   10.8   64.2    100   35.6
32.9   16.3 50.8    100   26.5
23.7    19.3   57.0    100   21.7
26.4   21.1   52.5    100   23.9

7.3
40.1
32.8
28.0
26.4

2.1;   92.7
     57.1
7.1 60.1
17.9 54.1
21.1   52.5

100   35.8
100   32.0
100   34.7
100   23.9
100   23.9

33.4    11.3   55.3    100   25.9
15.5    7.4   77.2    100   72.4
25.2   11.6 63.2    100   28.0

26.6    11.3   62.1
42.1    11.5   46.4
28.5    10.3   61.2
30.3   10.8 58.9

31.4   11.8 56.8
25.6    19.7   54.7
21.6    10.6   67.8
39.0    4.8 56.3
12.7     . 87.3

100   39.5
100   25.5
100   27.2
100   30.2

100   29.7
100   28.8
100   39.5
100   28.6
100   23.8

20.8
33.4
33.5
39.2

20.8
33.0
31.7
34.2
36.9
23.7

12.4   66.8
10.8   55.8
11.4   55.1
8.7   52.1

12.4 88.9
10.4 56.5
6.1   62.2
10.2   55.6
12.9 50.2
14.8   61.5

100   31.3
100   29.5
100   29.7
100   31.2

100   39.5
100   27.2
100   33.9
100   34.6
100   25.8
100   27.7

37.3    11.3   51.4    100   28.2
36.4    9.6 54.0    100   33.6
36.4    10.7   52.9    100   33.3
25.4    14.3   60.3    100   16.9
24.4    9.6 68.0    100   32.3
26.3   12.0   61.8    100 33.4
22.0    9.3 68.7    100   32.9
30.7    5.8   63.5    100   32.0

34.2    10.0   55.8    100   30.0
19.7   12.3   67.9    100   39.0
23.7   14.8   61.5    100   27.7

o Formersmokerswhohadquitwithinthelastfive years.
"Povertyk?velisbasedon thedefinitionprovidedbythe U.S.Bureau ofthe Census. See text forexactprocedures.

28


Table 9

Qulttlng: Total Number of Attempts of Current Smokers
     by Soclo Demographlc Variables
               1966

Attempts to quit smoking
(% of current smokers)

Total (Age 17+ years)

SEX
  Male
  Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  17-19
  20-24
  25-34
  3544
  45-54
  5564
  65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  17
  18-24
  25-44
  45-64
  65+
RACE

  White
  Black
  Other
REGION
  Midwest
  Northeast
  southeast
  West
MARITAL STATUS
MarriedZohabitating

Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
  11 or Fewer Years
  12 Years
  13-15 Years
  16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
  Less than $10,000
$lO.oOo-$19,999
$20,000-$29,999
$3o,ooo-$39,999
$40,000+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
  Professional/Technical
  Sales/Clerical
  Craftsman
Operative
  Laborer/Service
  Never in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported
POVERTY LEVEL

Above                 34.5    38.2   18.9    8.4
Below                  35.0    36.4   19.8    8.9
Unknown                41.2    33.4   18.2    7.2

0

l-2

3-5

6+    Total  (mil.)

35.5    37.3   18.9    8.3

36.7    36.9   17.1    9.4
34.2    37.8   20.9    7.0

47.2    31.1   18.6    3.1
42.5    42.3   11.6    3.5
33.8    40.2   19.2    6.8
32.2    39.6   20.0    8.2
34.1    35.3   21.5    9.2
35.8    32.5   20.0   11.7
37.0    28.9   18.8   15.4

60.8    20.6   17.2    1.4
42.0    41.2   13.2    3.6
33.1    39.9   19.5    7.5
34.9    34.0   20.8   10.4
37.0    28.9   18.8   15.4

35.6    37.9   18.8    7.7
34.3    32.9   19.9   12.8
37.7    39.0   17.3    5.9

35.3    38.8   17.2    8.7
32.1    37.2   20.9    9.8
37.2    36.7   18.3    7.8
36.1    36.8   20.3    6.7

33.6    38.8   19.4    8.2
34.7    29.3   22.7   13.3
35.3    38.1   17.2    9.5
43.4    33.2   17.4    6.1
12.3    55.6   18.3   13.8

37.1    33.5   20.2    9.2
35.2    38.6   18.8    7.4
35.1    39.3   17.7    7.9
32.5    40.8   17.4    9.4

33.6    36.6   20.0    9.8
35.3    37.4   19.7    7.6
37.1    37.7   16.2    9.0
29.5    39.1   24.9    6.5
34.4    39.2   17.2    9.2
41.2    33.4   18.2    7.2

29.7    42.7   18.7    8.9
36.0    38.4   16.4    9.3
35.7    37.0   20.9    6.4
35.6    35.4   19.1    9.9
33.1    38.3   19.5    9.2
37.0    37.0   17.0    8.9
42.3    36.1   17.1    4.5
35.6    34.7   21.8    7.8

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100

Est. ooo Sample

size

46.7   4,686

24.7   2,341
22.0   2,345

2.0    168
5.0    419
12.9   1,276
10.6   1,154
6.6    687
5.8    575
3.8    407

0.7
2%
12:4
3.8

49
538
2,430
1,262
407

39.8   4,112
5.5    438
1.4    136

11.6
1X
8:2

1,197
1,056
1,582
851

30.5
::f
:::

2,853
294
730
794
15

14.5    946
19.3   1,955
8.0   1,140
5.0    645

5.2    490
9.0    889
11.8   1,170
6.3    642
7.9    874
6.6    621

3.6     459
4.7    579
11.1   1,197
7.9    726
6.1    533
8.6    791
2.5    186
2.1    215

35.0   3,627
5.1     438
6.6    621

o Poverty level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See text for
exact procedures.

29


Table 10

Oulttlng: Total Number of Attempts of Current Smokers
     by Soclo Demographic Variables
               1975

Attempts to quit smoking
(% of current smokers)

Total (Age 21+ years)

SEX
  Male
  Female

  25-44
  45-64
MA;;AL STATUS
  Married
  wkk3Jved
Di~rced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
Some high schod
High schod graduate
Some college
College graduate
  Unknown
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
$1 o,OOO-$19.999
$2o.ooo+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
  ProfessionaVTechnicacal
Administrator/Manager
  !%kWCl6flCd
  Craftsman
Operatives
  Laborer/Service
  Not in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported

0    1-2    3-5    6+    Total   size

37.6    37.0   18.1    7.3

4,262

35.4    39.2   17.8    7.7
40.4    34.3   18.4    6.9

2.139
2,123

37.8    41.0   16.4
35.3    39.7   18.7
34.6    39.5   17.6
39.5    33.7   18.3
40.4    30.8   19.9
44.9    33.5   15.6

4.8
6.4
t:
8:9
5.8

497
1,249
976
786
504
248

37.8    41.0   16.4
35.0   39.6   18.2
39.9   32.6   18.9
44.9    33.5   15.8

4.8
7.2
:::

497
2,225
1,292
248

36.0    37.6
48.7    32.0
39.3    36.8
42.3    35.5
40.6    43.4

18.5
14.1
17.8
17.1

S:X
6.1
5.1
16.0

2,951
272
572
463
  4

36.4    35.9   19.4
40.4    36.1    17.2
36.9   38.8   15.9
33.3   39.1   21.3
32.5   35.7   10.3

t ::
it:
21.5

1,130
1,680
879
558
15

::;
36.1
45.5

35.8   17.9
39.1    18.4
37.8   18.9
31.2   16.0

8.3
Y-Z
7:3

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
::
::
100

1,452
1,661
723
426

34.8    44.2
39.5    37.1
45.1    36.7
37.9    34.6
41.0   32.0
39.2   32.1
39.2   35.8
36.9   37.3

15.2
18.7
12.6
20.0
20.9
21.7
15.2

5.8
4.7
5.6
5:;

18.2 7.6

210
274
130
303
168
108
165
2,904

30


Table 11

Qulttlng: Total Number of Attempts of Former Smokers
    by Soclo Demographic Variables
                1986

Attempts to quit smoking
(96 of former smokers)

Total (Age 17+ years)

SEX
  Male
  Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  17-19
  20-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  5564
  65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  17
  18-24
  25-44
  45-64
  65+
RACE
  White
  Black
  Other
REGION
  Midwest
  Northeast

West
MARITAL STATUS
MarrfedICohabitating
Widowed
Divorced/Separated
Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION

  11 or Fewer Years
  12 Years
  13-15 Years
  16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less fhan $10,000
$1 o,ooO-$19,999
$20,000-$29,999
$30,000-$39,999
$40,000+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
Professional~echnical
  Safes/Clerical
  Craftsman
Operative
  Laborer/Service
Never in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported
POVERTY LEVEL*
Above
  Below

0

l-2    3-5    6+  Total (mfl.)'  size

70.2   21.2    8.6    100   43.5   4,614

68.9   21.6    9.5    100   25.6   2.606
72.2   20.5    7.2     100   17.9   2.008

88.0
73.4
73.4
68.8
62.8
:::

2:::
20.3
22.4
25.4
20.8
18.4

2.6     100 0.6     42
5.0    100 2.0    180
6.3    100 8.2    867
8.8    100 8.4    983
11.8    100 7.1    731
10.8    100 8.0    831
7.3    100 9.1    980

100.0
75.1
71 .l
65.8
74.3

2o.i   4.8
21.3    7.6
23.0   11.2
18.4    7.3

100 0.2     11
100 2.5    211
100   16.8   1,850
100   15.2   1,562
100 9.1     980

70.3   21.1    8.6    100   38.9   4,228
68.6   22.8    8.7    100 3.5    282
72.4   19.5    8.1     100 1.1     104

71.1   21.5    7.5    100 9.9   1,090
68.5   23.2    8.3    100 9.9   1.110
70.6   19.6    9.8    100   14.8   1,478
70.7   21.2    8.2    100 8.9    936

70.0   21.1    8.9
72.8   19.7    7.5
68.3   22.4    9.3
71.5   22.4    6.1
69.9    7.3   22.7

73.0
71.2
68.1
66.8

19.2
Ed
23.2

7.9
t:
1o:r

100   32.4
100 3.2
100 3.6
     41
i: 0:1

100   11.5
100   16.0
100 7.3
100 8.7

3,265
424
475
438
  12

857
1,574
1,058
1,125

70.7   22.2
71.0   22.0
72.1   18.4
67.3   24.4
68.9   22.6
71.5   18.3

7.1
7.0
ii.2
8:5
10.3

100 3.7    374
100 7.2    712
100 8.6    922
100 5.6    608
100   11.2   1,264
100 7.2    734

64.0   25.8
67.0   23.2
73.2   19.7
70.4   21.1
67.6   21.4
74.7   19.2
76.3   17.2
72.2   16.7

70.0   21.7
69.6   22.1
71.5   18.3

10.1
9.9
7.1
1:::
it
11:1
t.:
10:3

100 5.3    635
100 7.2    906
100   10.1   1,094
100          690
100  :::    437
100 6.0    540
100 1.1    109
100 1.8     203

100   33.0   3,593
100 3.3    287
100 7.2    734

Est. crop. Samde

Poverty level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See text for
exact procedures.

31


Table 12

Qulttlng: Total Number of Attempts of Former Smokers
    by Soclo DemoaraDhlc Variab&

lG75'

Attempts to quit smoking
(% of former smokers)

Total (Age 21+ years)

SEX
  Male
  Female
AG:1(~;;grwing)
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  85+
AG:Gf;t wwh)
  25-44
  4564
MA:;AL STATUS

  Married
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
Some high school
High schod graduate
Some college
College graduate
  Unknown
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
$10.000-$19,999
$20,000+,
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
  ProfessionaVTechnicaI
Administrator/Manager
  SalesClerfcal
  Craftsman
Operatives
  LabcrerfService
Not in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported

0

l-2    3-5    6+    Total

59.0

24.8

16.2

56.9   25.5   17.6
62.9   23.7   13.5

55.8   32.0   12.2
63.7   24.4   11.8
60.2   23.5   16.3
53.1    29.0   18.0
56.3   23.3   20.4
64.1    19.9   16.0

55.8   32.0   12.2
62.1   24.0   13.9
54.6    26.4   19.1
64.1    19.9   16.0

58.0   25.0
66.4   21.0
58.4   26.0
64.9   25.1
79.1    20.9

17.0
12.6
15.6
10.0

57.2   24.8   18.0
57.8   23.7   18.6
62.7   25.2   12.1
58.6   26.8   14.7
83.1    12.5    4.4

57.7   24.4   17.9
58.3   26.2   15.5
59.7   23.5   16.8
63.5   23.4   13.1

66.6   20.4   13.0
70.6   17.8   11.6
48.6   36.7   14.7
59.2   28.0   12.8
64.0   20.7   15.2
54.6   32.3   13.2
60.0   22.3   17.7
57.8   25.1   17.1

100

100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

Sample
size

2,687

1,632
1,055

185
651
495
567
446
343

185
1,146
1,013
343

2.112
171
181
217
  6

645
872
579
572
19

736
1,103
578
270

159
150
79
122
67
47
84
1,979

32


Table 13

    Age of lnltlatlon of Smoking:
Current Smokers by Soclo Demographlc Variables
              1986

Age when started smoking regularly
   (% of current smokers)

Total (Age 17+ years)

SEX
  Male
  Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  17-19
  20-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  17
  18-24
  25-44
  4564
  65+
RACE

  White
  Black
  Other
REGION
  Midwest
  Northeast
  Southeast
  West
MARITAL STATUS
MarriedZohabitating
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
  11 or Fewer Years
  12 Years
  13-15 Years
  16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME

Less than $10,000
  510.000-$19.999
520;000-$i29;999
$30.000-$39,999
w.ooo+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
  Professional/Technical
  Safes/Clerical
  Craftsman
Operative
  Laborer/Service
Never in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported
POVERTY LEVEL
  Above
  Below

~16

16-17

Est. ooo. Sample

(mil.)

size

20.8

25.9

18-20   21+

31.6   21.7

45.8   4,615

23.5    28.2   32.2   16.2    24.3   2.312
17.7    23.3   31.0   28.0    21.5   2,363

43.4    43.0    13.6          2.0     166
28.2    36.9  31.6 3.2     5.0     416
23.5    29.2   31.5   15.8    12.7   1,259
16.3    24.6    33.6   25.5    10.4    1,141
16.2    17.4   39.3   27.1     6.5     880
15.8    21.5   31 .o   31.7     5.7     563
17.1    15.2   23.5   44.3     3.6     390

54.8    45.2
30.2    38.0
20.3    27.1
16.0    19.3
17.1    15.2

29.3 2.5
32.4   20.2
35.4   29.2
23.5   44.3

0.7      47
6.3     535
23.1   2,400
12.2   1,243
3.6     390

21.9    27.2    30.8   20.2    39.0   4.052
11.5    19.5   37.2   31.8     5.4     431
25.6    14.4   33.9   26.1     1.4     132

21.5    25.0    31.7   21.8    11.5   1,182
20.1    26.2   34.3   19.4     9.3    1,037
20.0    25.5   31.9   22.7    16.9   1,549
22.1    27.6    28.0   22.3     8.2     847

19.4    25.0
13.0    16.2
21.7    24.8
26.9    32.3
41.9    30.4

33.3   22.3
25.8   45.1
27.5   26.0
30.2   10.6
16.6   11.1

24.0   16.7
32.5   22.0
37.5   24.5
41.0   30.9

25.1   25.6
32.8   19.4
32.6   21.1
33.6   19.7
35.3   23.2
27.1   23.3

29.9
f:62
::1

2,807
289
720
784
15

30.0    29.3
18.4    27.1
15.0    23.0
12.5    15.6

14.1     927
19.1    1,935
7.9    1,127
4.8     626

21.8    27.6
24.6    23.1
19.7    26.6
18.8    27.9
16.6    24.9
23.5    26.2

S::,
11.5
6.3
67::

486
881
1.153
640
858
597

15.9    22.5    34.1   27.5     3.6     456
12.8    19.8   40.0   27.5     4.6     563
18.0    24.0    33.5   24.5    10.9    1,176
27.2    27.8   28.9   16.1     7.8     718
21.5    30.9    28.9   18.7     6.1     529
19.8    26.8   30.4   23.0     8.5     781
31.3   30.2   25.4 13.2    2.5     186
26.6    24.3   29.6   19.6     2.0     206

20.0    25.5    33.2   21.3    34.4    3,585
22.5    27.9   26.6   23.0     5.1     433
23.5    26.2    27.1   23.3     6.3     597

o Poverty level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See
text for exact procedures.

33


Table 14

     Age of Initiation of Smoklng:
Former Smokers by Soclo Demographic Variables
              1986

Age when started smoking regularly
   (% of former smokers)

Total (Age 17+ years)           17.2   24.1    34.8   23.8    40.9   4,352

SEX
  Male
  Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  17-19
  20-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  17
  18-24
  25-44
  45-64
  65+
RACE
  White
  Black
  Other
REGION
  Midwest
  Northeast
  Southeast
  West
MARITAL STATUS
Married/Cohatitating
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
  11 or Fewer Years
  12 Years
  13-15 Years
  16+ Years
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
$lO,OOO-$19.999
$20.000-$29,999
$30,000-$39,999
$4o,ooo+
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
Administrator/Manager
Professional/Technical
Safes/Clerical
  Craftsman
Operative
Laborer/Service
  Never in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported
POVERTY LEVEL`

20.5   25.5
12.5   22.1

35.2   18.8
34.2   31.2
3% 1.4
3410   12.4
36.6   19.6
:A   24.4
32:7   27.7
    41.2

24.3   2,487
16.6   1,865

44.6   51.2
27.1   41.2
23.2   30.3
18.0   25.9
15.1   24.5
14.9   19.5
11.0    15.0

0.5     38
2.0     173
7.7     818
8.0     934
6.8     695
7.7     793
8.3     901

35.0   65.0
30.3   41.9
20.5   28.0
15.0   21.8
11.0   15.0

26.6 *
35.3  1Z
37.1  26:l
32.7   41.2

0.1
2.3
15.7
14.5
8.3

10
l,Z
1,488
901

17.9   24.1
10.5   24.4
16.7   22.9

36.7   3,993
3.2     260
1.0     99

14.7   26.0
16.3   25.1
18.1   23.7
19.7   21.6

34.9   23.1
33.8 31.3
33.3   27.1

34.1   25.2
37.6   21.1
33.4   24.8
34.9   23.8

9.3   1,028
9.2   1,043
13.9   1,387
8.4     894

17.1
207:;
22.8
13.6

24.6   36.1   22.2
14.9   27.9   49.3
21.2   31.9   26.8
29.7   31.9   15.6
35.0   31.1   20.4

30.9
2.8
3.4
:::

3,117
378
445
400
12

21.1   25.9   26.2   26.7    10.6     796
18.4   24.7   34.0   23.0    15.4   1,507
16.1    24.3   38.5   21.1     6.7     994
11.1   20.6   44.3   24.0    6.2   1,055

15.7   18.5
20.5   22.2
19.1   27.9
17.3   27.2
14.9   24.4
16.2   21.3

3.3     342
8.7     674
8.3     879
5.3     577
10.7   1,198
6.6     682

12.9   24.8
13.1   19.8
13.7   22.6
20.7   26.2
25.8   23.1
19.4   24.5
23.4   37.7
19.9   31.0

26.8   39.0
29.4   27.9
31.7   21.3
36.7   18.9
40.8   19.9
37.0   25.4

37.2   25.1
39.0   28.1
36.8 26.8
34.7   18.4
32.6   18.5
28.4   27.8
28.7   10.1
30.3   18.8

5.0
3
4':;
5.5
1.1
1.7

31.3

596
855
1,027
ES
508
103
187

Above                 17.6   24.9   35.1   22.4
Below                 15.3   22.0   27.1   35.5
Unknown                16.2   21.3   37.0   25.4

~16   16-17   18-20 21+

Est. DOD. Sample

(mil.)

size

3,405
265
682

o Poverty level is based on the definition provided by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. See
text for exact procedures.

34


Table 15

     Age of Initiation of Smoklng:
Current Smokers bv Socio Demoarauhic Variables

1975 - .

Age when started smoking regularly
   (% of current smokers)

Total (Age 21+ years)           21.9   20.8   32.7   24.6   4,339

SEX
  Male

28.8   22.6   31.9   16.6   2.176
13.6   18.5   33.8   34.1   2,163

AGE (1st grouping)
  21-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  65+

AGE (2nd grouping)
  21-24
  25-44
  4564
  65+
MARITAL STATUS
  Married
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION
Some high school
High school graduate
Some college
College graduate
  Unknown
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10,000
SlO.OOO-$19.999
Qi20;000+.
  Unknown
EMPLOYMENT
  ProfessionaUTechnicaI
Administrator/Manager
  Sales/Clerical
Craftsman
Operatives
Laborer/Service
  Not in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported

<16   16-17   18-20   21t

Sample
size

27.0   28.7
25.3   23.1
18.9   20.3
18.1    19.8
20.3   17.4
24.1    10.7

499
1,262
990
805
517
266

27.0   28.7
22.4   21.8
19.0    18.8
24.1    10.7

36.8 7.4
36.0   15.7
35.0   25.9
31.2   30.9
29.0   33.4
19.7   45.5

36.8 7.4
35.5   20.3
30.3   31.9
19.7 45.5

499
2,252
1,322
266

22.2   20.6   33.5   23.8   2,997
13.0   13.7   26.2   47.1    287
24.4   21.9   28.1   25.6    580
21.6   24.9   35.6   17.9    470
78.2    7.9    15.9 .      5

33.1    20.9
20.0   21.6
15.8   20.9
13.7   18.0
25.6   16.5

24.6   19.7
22.0   21.7
16.2   22.5
23.4   17.8

24.7   21.3
33.6 24.9
39.0   24.3
37.5   30.8
32.0   25.9

29.5 26.1
34.7   21.7
35.9   25.4
29.8   29.0

1,155
1,704
887
571
22

1,479
1,680
734
446

9.9    18.8   35.9   35.4    211
12.5   18.9   35.5   33.1     278
18.8   20.8   33.5   26.8    131
15.0   24.5   35.9 24.6    304
23.6    15.3   34.5   26.5    170
16.7   27.1   32.7 23.5    110
11.7   16.8   32.0   39.5    167
25.5   21.1   31.8   21.7   2,968

35


Table 16

    Age of lnltlatlon of Smoking:
Former Smoken by Soclo Demographic Variables
             1975

Age when started smoking regularly
   (% of former smokers)

Total (Age 21 t years)           21.3   21.5

SEX
  Male
  Female
AGE (1 st grouping)
  21-24
  25-34
  35-44
  45-54
  55-64
  65+
AGE (2nd grouping)
  21-24
  2544
  4564
  65+
MARITAL STATUS
  Married
  Widowed
Divorced/Separated
  Never Married
  Unknown
EDUCATION

25.8   22.6
13.0   19.5

26.5   31.2
23.2   25.6
24.7   22.2
17.1    23.9
21.5   15.3
18.2   15.4

26.5   31.2
23.9   24.1
19.1    19.9
18.2   15.4

21.3   22.0
15.2   14.0
21.7   22.9
24.8   20.5
43.6   13.2

Some high school
High school graduate
Some college
College graduate
  Unknown
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
Less than $10.000
$10,000-$19,999
$20,000+
  Unknewn
EMPLOYMENT
ProfessionaKfechnicaI
Administrator/Manager
  Sales/Clerical
  Craftsman
Operatives
  laborer/Service
Not in Labor Force
Occupation Not Reported

<16   16-17

18-M   21+

34.4   22.8

Sample
size

2,686

33.2   18.3
36.5   31.0

37.0 5.3
40.5   10.7
33.0   20.0
36.3   22.7
30.0   33.2
29.3   37.0

37.0 5.3
37.1   15.0
33.4   27.5
29.3   37.0

1,632
1,054

185
651
495
567
445
343

185
1,146
1,012
343

27.8   21.6
24.3   21.0
18.8   24.6
10.8   19.5
35.1    13.1

35.0   21.6
26.5   44.2
29.6   25.8
36.4   18.2
17.8   25.3

26.6   24.0
33.9   20.8
36.7   19.9
42.7   27.0
23.0   28.9

2,112
171
180
217
  6

644
672
579
572
19

23.5   20.1   30.3   26.1    735
21.9   22.7   36.0   19.4   1.103
16.5   21.5   38.3   23.7    578
23.8   20.7   29.9   25.5    270

12.6
14.4
9.5
16.5
32.5
13.5

22.9   45.8   18.8
21.5   38.7   25.4
18.6   53.3   18.6
25.3   30.4   27.9
24.4   23.6   19.6
25.1   43.1   18.3
13.9   29.7   51.2
21.5  33.1 21.5

159
150
79
122
67
47

36


SMOKING-ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY, YEARS OF
POTENTIAL LIFE LOST, AND ECONOMIC COSTS
   STATE-SPECIFIC ESTIMATES, 1985

INTRODUCTION

Cigarette smoking has been identified as the chief avoidable
cause of death in the United States (USDHHS, 1982). Meas-
urements of the impact of smoking, using calculations of
smoking-attributable mortality and economic costs, have
recently appeared in several medical journal articles (Rice et
al., 1986; Ravenhott, 1985; CDC, 1987b) as well as in an
Office of Technology Assessment Staff Memorandum (OTA,
1985). These estimates of disease impact vary according to
methods and data sources used in the calculations. Nonethe-
less, reported numbers of smoking-attributable deaths are
enormous, ranging from a low of 270,000 in 1980 (Rice et al.,
1986) to a high of 485,000 in 1983 (Ravenholt, 1985). In 1987,
the Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) of the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) estimated that 320,515 deaths were
attributable to smoking in the United States in 1984 (CDC,
1987b). This was approximately 15.7 percent of the total
number of deaths in the United States in that year. Sub-
sequently, the 1989 report of the Surgeon General estimated
that 390,000 deaths were caused yearly by smoking. This
estimate was based on updated relative risks from the
American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II
(USDHHS, 1989). In addition to mortality, years of potential
life lost (YPLL) are used to measure disease impact. Rice
estimated 3.9 million YPLL were lost due to smoking in 1980.
The CDC estimate was 949,924 years lost before age 65 and
3.6 million if YPLL were calculated to life expectancy.

To better understand the economic impact of smoking, smok-
ing-attributable direct and indirect costs have been calculated.
Economic calculations of smoking-attributable disease impact
range from $53.7 billion in 1984 (Rice et al., 1986) to $65 billion
in 1985 (OTA, 1985). Economic costs generated by diseases
associated with smoking include direct health-care costs
(hospitalization, physician fees, medications, nursing home
costs, and other professional fees), indirect morbidity losses
(lost income due to disability, transportation costs, homecare
services, etc.), and indirect mortality losses (lost productivity
from persons who die prematurely from smoking-attributable
diseases).

This report will present State-specific calculations for smok-
ing-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and
economic costs in the United States. These calculations were
performed using a software program (SAMMEC) developed
by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) and provided
to States through the CDC (Shultz, 1986).

BACKGROUND

In 1984, the MDH's Technical Advisory Committee on Non-
smoking and Health produced The Minnesota Plan for Non-
smoking and Health (MDH, 1984). The background research
for this document included calculations of smoking-
attributable disease impact specific for Minnesota. Analysts
at the MDH designed a computer program using well-known
software (Lotus l-2-3) (Lotus, 1984), which produced the
calculations, tables, and graphs used in the Plan as well as in
numerous presentations to the public and to the State legis-
lature. The calculations were subsequently incorporated into
a menu-driven software package, SAMMEC: Smoking-
Attributable Mortality, Morbidity, and Economic Costs (Shultz,
1988), which facilitates similar analyses for any given popula-
tion if the appropriate raw data are available. In Minnesota,
smoking-attributable disease impact estimates effectively
portrayed the magnitude of the smoking and health issue to
the public and were used in support of nonsmoking legislation
in Minnesota. These data and a strong coalition of public
health, medical, educational, and other disciplines succeeded
in bringing about important nonsmoking legislation. This legis-
lation funds statewide smoking intervention curricula,
promotes nonsmoking through a public education campaign,
establishes agrants program for community-based programs,
expands enforcement of the Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act,
provides evaluation of all programs, and raises the State
excise tax on cigarettes (Shultz et al., 1986).

METHODS FOR CALCULATING
SMOKING-ATTRIBUTABLE DISEASE
IMPACT

Smoking-Attributable Mortality and Years of Potentlal Life

Lost

The theoretical bases for the calculations used in SAMMEC
are found in a 1986 paper by Rice (Rice el al., 1986). The

method used by Rice invdlves celculating smoking-at-
tributable fractions (SAFs) of total mortality due to 21 diseases
known to be caused by or associated with smoking in adults.
This calculation has three components: the relative risks (RR)
(defined as the mortality rate among exposed persons divided
by the mortality rate among unexposed persons) of smoking-
related disease in current and former smokers, the prevalence
of smoking among men and women 20 years of age and older,
and the crude mortality data for the population under study.
For these calculations, the RR estimates used are weighted
averages derived from four longitudinal studies of smoking-
related illness (Hammond, 1966; Doll and Pete, 1976;

37


Cederbf et al., 1977; Doll et al., 1980). It should be noted that
these RR estimates are now outdated, because the bn-
gitudinal studies from which calculations were made involved
persons who began smoking in the period between 1900 and
1950. The pattern of smoking among men in the United States
was well established by the end of that period, but women did
not begin smoking in large numbers until the 1950s and 1960s
(Warner and Murt, 1982). As the removal of social barriers
began to permit gender equality in this behavior, gender
equality in smoking-related diseases, especially lung cancer,
is now beginning to occur (American Cancer Society, 1986).
Therefore, the RRs reported in the earlier studies underes-
timate the disease impact of smoking today, especially among
women. There is a substantial lag period between smoking
and the development of smoking-attributable mortality in a
given population. In men, peak mortality due to smoking has
occurred; in women, the peak mortality due to smoking has
not yet occurred. Additional longitudinal observations will be
necessary to update RRs for both genders as smoking be-
haviorchanges in the United States. RRs reported in the 1989
report of the Surgeon General changed substantially from
those summarized by Rice.

The disease categories, their international Classification of
Diseases (ICD-9) codes, and relative risk estimates used in
SAMMEC are shown in Table 1. In addition to SAFs of deaths
among adults aged 20 years and older, SAFs for four pediatric
causes of death are calculated by SAMMEC. For the four
pediatricdiagnoses, the mortality attributed to maternal smok-
ing during pregnancy for children aged 54 years were deter-
mined using RRsfrom McIntosh (McIntosh, 1984) and current
smoking prevalence among women 20-64 years of age as a
proxy for the percentage of pregnant women who smoke.

The disease-specific SAFs are calculated by using the ap-
propriate RRs and the prevalence of current and former
smoking in the population with the following equation:

pc = percentage of never smokers, pl I percentage of current
smokers, p2 = percentage of former smokers, RR1 - relative
risk for current smokers (relative to never smokers), and RR2
- relative risk for former smokers (relative to never smokers)
(Walter, 1976). This formula is derived from the standard
attributable risk (AR) formula (Lilienfeld and Lilienfeld, 1980):
AR - p(RR-1 )&(RR-1 )+l].

In addition to the number of deaths attributable to smoking,
years of potential life bst (YPLL) are also calculated by
SAMMEC. This measurement quantifies premature death due
to smokingcaused disease in the population under study
(CM=, 1986). For each smoking-related diagnosis, deaths (by
gender and five-year age group) are muttiplied by the number
of years of remaining life, calculated from the midpoint of the
five-year age category at death and ending at the cutoff point
chosen (i.e., age 65 or life expectancy). The YPLL are then
summed and mukiplied by the SAF for that diagnosis, age
category, and gender. YPLL may be measured to any age
cutoff point. Usually, YPLL are measured to age 65 (the
generally fecognbed age for retirement) of to lie expectancy,
which varies eocording to the population in question (by race,
sex, region, etc.). The smoking-attributable mortality and

YPLL rates for the population under study may be calculated
using census data and a numerical constant (for example, the
number of deaths per 100,000 persons). These rates permit
comparisons between populations if the characteristics of the
populations are otherwise similar. The rates presented betow
are not age-adjusted.

Smoking-Attributable Economic Cod8

A detailed discussion of the health economics of cigarette
smoking is beyond the scope of this report. However, much
has been wrltten in the last two decades about the health care
costs and indirect bases due to smoking-attributable disease
(Lute and Schweitzer, 1978; Shultz, 1985; OTA, 1985; Rice,
Hodgson et al., 1986; Warner, 1987; Schelling, 1987). Smok-
ing is a dynamic, time-dependent process. Costs associated
with illness and injury due to smoking may be immediate or
deferred; there are both costs to the individual and costs to
society in general. These latter costs may be direct, such as
publicly funded health care and cigarette-caused fire losses,
or indirect such as lost income and bst tax revenue due to
premature death. The calculations of State-specific economic
costs performed by SAMMEC closely follow on Rice, et al.
(1986). Three components of this prevalence-based estimate
are reported: direct heabhcare costs, indirect morbidity bs-
ses, and indirect mortality losses.

Direct Heatth-Care Costs Due to Smoking
SAMMEC calculates the following direct costs of medical care
(personal health expenditures) to treat diseases related to
smoking: hospitalization, physician services, sevices of other
health practitioners, nursing home care, and drugs. Fire
damage and burn care would be included if data were
available.

These calculations are based on SAFs of personal heatth care
expenditures estimated for the population under study. The
SAFs weregenerated using the ratio of medicalcare utilization
by ever smokers compared to utilization by never smokers.
This ratio was developed based on setf-reported data from the
1983 National Health Interview Survey. The utilization ratio
was limited to illnesses in the major categories of smoking-re-
lated diseases (neoplastic, circulatory, and respiratory dis-
eases). The formula used to calculate the SAF is from Walter
(Walter, 1976).

lndlroct Costs Due to Smoklng

Indirect costs of smoking are the value of bst productivity,
output, or forgone manpower resources when smoking-re-
lated illness and death cause lost time from work and from
other productive activities. Not included are intangible costs
such as pain and suffering, which are recognized by the legal
system as worthy of recompense. The cost or value to society
of all deaths attributed to smoking is the product of the number
of deaths attributed to smoking and the expected values of an
individual's future earnings, with sex and age taken into ac-
count. To convert this stream of costs into present worth,
these costs are discounted (in the case of SAMMEC, at 6
percent).

To obtain indirect morbidlty costs (that is, the costs associated
with lost work, disability, and illness due to nonfatal smoking-
related conditions), SAMMEC simply calculates the proportion
of total costs which are indirect costs based on Rice's National
calculations. This function assumes that the proportion of total
smoking-attributable costs which are indirect morbidity costs

38


is the same for both the population under consideration and
for the United States as a whole. Population-specific direct
health-care costs and indirect mortality costs are calculated
based on data entered into SAMMEC for the population under
study. Using these two sets of data, the indirect morbidity
costs are derived.

Other Cost Factors

Tobacco products (primarily cigarettes) caused 248,100 fires
in the United States in 1985. These fires were responsible for
1,703 civilian deaths and 3,997 civilian injuries. Fire losses in
the United States totaled $422 million in direct property
damage in 1985 (CPSC, 1987) and millions more in direct
medical costs for expensive burn care and for indirect mor-
bidity and mortality losses due to premature death and dis-
ability. These measurements of disease impact are not
included in SAMMEC, but some States have calculated these
data separately (Colorado Department of Health, 1986; Was-
silak and Smith, in press; Personal Communication, G. Istre,
Oklahoma Department of Health, June 10,1988).

Data Used in 1985 SAMMEC Calculations

Mortality
Numbers of deaths by sex and five-year age category for each
of the diagnoses listed in Table 1. were obtained from each
State's department of vital statistics for 1985, with the excep-
tion of Puerto Rico (1983). Some States had incomplete data
for the diagnosis of cardiac arrest (ICD-9 code 427.5); for
these States, the smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) will be
underestimated.

YPLL was calculated to both age 65 (years of productive life
lost) and to life expectancy as estimated for the United States
for both sexes and all races in 1980. Mortality and YPLL rates
per 100,000 persons were calculated using totals for each
category and the 1985 population of each State (U.S. Bureau
of the Census, 1987). The YPLL rate to 65 years of age was
calculated for the population less than 65 years of age in each
State.

Smoking Prevalence

For most jurisdictions, the prevalence of current and former
smokers for each State was obtained using questions in-
cluded in the 1985 Current Population Survey of the United
States. This survey collected information from 114,342
civilian, noninstitutionalized persons, aged 16 years and older.
Approximately 55 percent of the total sample consists of
self-respondents, while the remainder were proxy respon-
dents (Marcus and Crane, 1986). For this study, the
prevalence of smoking was calculated for men and women,
aged 20 years and older, by State. These prevalence es-
timates were further divided into two age groups for use in
SAMMEC: 20-64 years of age and 65 years of age and older.
This stratification was necessary to adjust SAFs for the much

lower prevalence of smoking among persons 65 years of age
and older; many of these older persons have quit smoking,
and many smokers have died prematurely as a result of
smoking. The prevalence rates for Puerto Rico were estimated
using datafrom several different sources (Die& in press). The
prevalence estimates used for each State are weighted ac-
cording to Bureau of Census procedures by age, race, sex,
and Hispanic/non-Hispanic categories. The final estimates
are shown in Table 2. The estimates for Minnesota were from
the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (Unpublished
data, Minnesota Department of Health, 1986).

Personal Health Care Expenditures

Personal health care expenditure data were obtained from
Health Care Financing Administration publications (Levit,
1985; Lazenby, 1986). First, State specific personal health
care expenditures by cost center were identified for 1982. Cost
centers included in SAMMEC are physician services,
hospitalization, drugs and medical sundries, nursing home
care, and other professional services. Not included are dental
care, eyeglasses and appliances, and other personal health
care. These expenditures were adjusted to 1985 levels by
multiplying 1985 National Cost Center figures by an index for
each cost center in each State. These indices were obtained
by dividing the 1982 State-specific cost center figure by the
1982 National cost center figure. The 1982 index for each
State's cost center was then multiplied by the 1985 National
per capita figure for each cost center to obtain a 1985 State-
specific per capita figure for each cost center. These figures
were then multiplied by the State population (U.S. Bureau of
the Census, 1986) to obtain a total figure for each cost center
in each State for 1985. This calculation is summarized as
follows:

1982        1985
stats cost     National cost    1985     state-speck
center fisure X center figure X Stats    = costcentef
1982         1985       population  fbYJm
National cost   U.S. population
center figure

Economicdatafor Puerto Rico were obtained directly from the
Division of Analysis and Cost-Accounting from the Puerto Rico
Department of Health (Dietz, in press). Data for the District of
Columbia were obtained using 1985 total per capita health
care costs for Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia,
using the same technique as in individual States, multiplied by
the population of the District of Columbia (Rivo et al., 1989).
SAMMEC does not account for costs of program administra-
tion, research, and construction of medical facilities that are
generated by tobacco abuse.

39


RESULTS

The smoking-attributable mortality by State is shown in Table
3. More than 316,000 deaths were caused by smoking in 1985
in the United States. o The average number of deaths per State
was 6,099 (ranging from 271 in Alaskato 28,533 in California).
The overall U.S. smoking-attributable mortality rate is 133.6
per 100,000, and the average State smoking-attributable mor-
tality rate per 100,000 persons is 129.1 (ranging from 45.3 in
Utah to 175.9 in Kentucky). States above the average were
found predominantly east of the Rocky Mountains. of all
smoking-attributable deaths in the United States, 67 percent
were men, 32 percent were women, and 1 percent were
children less than 5 years of age.

Smoking-attributable YPLL before 65 years of age are shown
in Table 4. Approximately 940,000 YPLL before 65 years of
age occurred due to the smoking-attributable deaths in 1985.
The average number of YPLL before 65 years of age per State
was 18,140 (ranging from 1,828 in Wyoming to 79,491 in
California). The overall rate for the United States was 397.9
years per 100,000 persons less than age 65 years; the
average State YPLL rate was 391 .l per 100,000 (ranging from
205.8 in Utah to 676.3 in the District of Columbia). Table 5.
shows the YPLL if measured to life expectancy for all races in
the United States, Using this cutoff point, more than 3.6 million
YPLL resulted from smoking-attributable deaths in 1985. The
average State YPLL to life expectancy was 70,621 (ranging
from 4,335 in North Dakota to 335,319 in New York). The
overall U. S. rate is 1549.3 per 100,000, and the average
State YPLL rate is 1,488.8 (ranging from 643.2 in North Dakota
to 2,167.3 in Kentucky).

The smoking-attributable economic costs for'each State are
shown in Table 6. The total societal economic impact of
smoking in the U.S. for all 50 States was over $52 billion. This
sum represents $23.7 billion (45.2 percent) in direct morbidity
costs, $10.2 billion (19.6 percent) in indirect morbidity costs,
and $18.5 billion (35.2 percent) in indirect mortality costs (adult
and pediatric). The average State economic impact was
$1.007 billion (ranging from $82.3 million in Alaska to $5.812
billion in California). On a per capita basis, the economic
impact was $221 for the United States as a whole; the average
State per capita impact was $205 (ranging from $54 per capita
in Puerto Rico to $284 per capita in Rhode Island).

DISCUSSION

These data on the impact of smoking in each State confirm
the results of previous National studies: smoking causes
large numbers of deaths and a very large dollar cost to society.
The sums of the State figures are similar to the National figures
mentioned in the Introduction to this section. In addition, the
data suggest that because smoking prevalence is highest in

the eastern and southern United States, smoking-attributable
disease impact is highest in these areas.

State estimates such as these serveto alert policy makers and
the general public to the specific impact that smoking has in
their respective States. SAMMEC software helps translate
epidemiologic constructs and surveillance data into usable
and understandable results. Many States have already pub-
lished articles in newsletters, epidemiology bulletins, and
State medical journals that cite SAMMEC calculations. Such
disease impact estimates serve as an instrument of risk be-
havior change and health policy intervention at the State level
(Shultz, 1988). In addition, several foreign Nations have used
the SAMMEC software in assessing the impact of smoking on
their populations. Political, conceptual, and ethical issues in
the use of these estimates have been discussed elsewhere
(Shultz, 1988; Warner, 1987; Schelling, 1987).

R must be emphasized that thefigures produced by SAMMEC
are estimates that vary according to the components of the
calculations. For instance, each of the relative risks which
contribute to the weighted average relative risks used in
SAMMEC has a confidence interval. Therefore, the at-
tributable fractions will vary according to these confidence
intervals, In addition, there are confidence intervals around the
prevalence rates used in SAMMEC, which are not reflected in
the estimates of attributable fractions. Despite the limitations
of the methodology, SAMMEC is a valid and easy-to-use tool
for estimating the overall state-specific disease impact of
smoking.

The estimates for mortality, YPLL, and economic impact
produced by SAMMEC are conservative. Because the relative
risk estimates were developed in the 1960% the risks for
women (and possibly for men) are likely to be underestimates
of the risks in the 1980s. Additional data (published in 1989)
from a large, longitudinal study by the American Cancer
Society confirms this prediction. In addition, 1985 prevalence
estimates were used although 1985 mortality resulted from
higher smoking rates 10 to 40 years ago. Had the earlier
prevalence figures been used in these calculations, smoking
attributable estimates would have been higher. Therefore, the
figures reported here are conservative estimates of mortality
and YPLL due to smoking.

In these calculations, mortality is a unit of measurement, and
therefore each of these deaths does not represent a named,
individual person. Mortality in this context is a way of quantify-
ing, on a population basis, the smoking-caused illness suf-
fered by individuals. In the same context, the economic data
provide another way of quantifying the effect that this particular
behavior has on the stream of economic activity in our society.
They do not describe a net cost effect nor do they indicate the
potential savings if tobacco use were eliminated in the United
States.

o The State estimates that provide the basis for this National total were derived using relative risk estimates for smoking-related diseases from
studies conducted in the 1950's and 1960's. Since those State calculations were made, more current relative risk estimates have become
available. These estimates were used in the 1989 Surgeon General's Report on Reducing the Health Consequences of Smoking: 25 Yesrs
of ???????? to yield an estimate of 390,000 smoking-attributable deaths in the United States in 1985.

40


Persons who die prematurely may actually provide a slight
savings to society in terms of social security outlays, Medicare
expenses, and nursing home care (Warner 1987). In fact,
most persons who die of smoking-related diseases do so after
65 years of age. Although smokers have a higher risk of
illness at any given age, nonsmokers will live longer and
therefore incur medical bills through chronic illness well into
old age. Warner (1987) has pointed out that the shift in life
expectancy resulting from a tobacco-free society would create
an enormous economic burden on social security and retire-
ment systems. This burden could be partially offset by the
contributions that persons beyond retirement age bring to our
society in terms of employment, investments, taxes paid,
voluntarism, and general wisdom.

There are also economic "benefits" of the tobacco industry to
society in terms of jobs, excise taxes, cultural promotion, etc.
These are estimated by the Tobacco Institute to be as much
as $45 billion (Chase Econometrics, 1985). However, these
"benefits" do not compensate for either the tangible or the
intangible emotional and personal consequences of smoking-

attributable disease. In addition, money spent on tobacco
would almost certainly be spent on other consumer goods if
tobacco consumption were eliminated. Thus, the economic
"loss" brought about by the loss of tobacco revenues and
ancillary business revenues would be negligible (Warner,
1987).

Health professionals do not depend on economic arguments
to preserve life and to prevent disease. Smoking causes more
premature deaths than do all the following together: cocaine,
heroin, alcohol, fire, automobile accidents, homicide, and
suicide (Warner, 1987). The results presented here permit
comparisons of the impact of smoking to the impact of other
health risks iderjtified by States, thus encouraging the
appropriate assignment of scarce public health resources.
Even as smoking prevalence declines in this country (CDC,
1987a), smoking-attributable illness will continue to cause an
enormous disease burden well into the twentieth century
(Brown and Kessler, 1987). Thus, efforts to prevent and treat
tobacco use in each of the States must continue to be a
high-priority public health effort.

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42


              TABLE 1
RELATIVE RISKS OF SMOKING-ASSOCIATED DISEASES
     BY GENDER AND SMOKING STATUS'

CD-9cM
cad0        f-P--

Infectious Diseases
Olrblo2         Tubercufosis

Naoplasms
146149        Lip. oral cavity
156         Esophagus
151           Stomach
157           Pancreas
161          Larynx
162          Lung
180           cervix uteri
166         Urinary Madder
169          Kidney

Cardtovascular Diseases
401465       Hypertension
416414       IHD (ages 65)
416414       It-f0 (ages 65)
427.5     g3roarF arrest
440            Atherosckosie
441          Aottii aneurysm

Resprratoty Diseases
466467         Pnewnonialinfloenza
491492        Bronchitis/emphysema
496         Airways otxtructii

Digestive Diseases
531-534         UlcerS

Pediatric &ndtWns

current
smoker

Current
Smoker

FMmW
Smoker

2.56

1.95

1.66

l.OCJ

6.62
4.66
1.49
2.00
7.33
10.02
NA
2.36
1.47

2.26         3.25
1.65         4.96

1.17         2.36
1.37         1.46
6.64         3.25
4.47        3.67
NA         3.66
1.66         1.69
1.63         1.56

1.74
1.87
1.66
1.26
1.74
1.29
1.40
1.94
1.02

1.39     1.21         1.43     1.46
1.66     1.36         1.67     1.17
1.49     1.26         1.26     1.27
3.66     1.66         3.66     1.66
1.32     1.66         1.45     1.20
1.63     1.14         1.94     2.46
4.46     2.95         3.19    3.01

1.79
10.13
10.13

2.66

1.06
10.97
10.97

1.29
7.46
7.46

1.17
4.69
4.69

2.12         3.21     2.45

765         Short gestationllow birth weight
769         Respiratory distress syndrome
770         Respiratory conditiis of newborn
796.0         Sudden infanl death syndroma

`Source: Rice et at., 1966
NA - Not Appkabb

1.76
1.76
1.76
1.56

43


                      TABLE 2
PREVALENCE (46) OF SMOKING BY STATE, AGE, AND SEX, UNITED STATES, 1985'

state

        A&w Gv (v-m

   26.64           65+           20+
Maks Fernah   Males Femefea   Males Femafea

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona

Arkansas
Cafiforma
Colorado
COlll-leJCtlCUt
Delaware
Dtstnct of Columbia
Flonda
Georgia
Hawak
Idaho
Illinois
lndtana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Loulsrana
Maine
Maryfand
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mlsslsalppi
Mssoun
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshtre
New Jersey
New Mexcn
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvanra
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolma
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermonl
Virginia
Washmgton
West Virginia

42.7    25.5
44.2    29.6
36.4    27.5
41.8    30.7
31.4    24.4
31 .a    29.3
32.5    30.7
37.6    32.0
36.4    32.4
36.6    31.2
41.3    29.0
34.2    27.2
29.1    23.3
33.9    29.3
39.4    33.4
35.3    25.3
37.6    30.2
39.3    36.9
36.5    26.1
34.9    32.1
33.6    30.5
30.0    36.4
37.3    37.2
37.3    31.7
39.0    27.2
33.5    26.6
27.5    20.5
26.3    26.9
40.5    37.6
36.0    29.0
33.2    27.1
34.6    25.9
34.3    29.3
42.4    27.4
30.7    28.0
37.6    33.9
38.5    31.8
29.8    29.4
35.4    20.8
41.6    14.9
39.0    37.0
35.2    24.3
33.6    29.7
40.3    29.5
37.6    20.8
20.4    12.2
34.2    32.1
37.7    31.4
33.6    29.7
41.8    34.1
28.6    28.1
33.5    36.1

15.6
30.1
23.4
15.2
15.3
23.5
2:
22.6
20.7
25.6
13.1
13.7
19.4
17.0
21.2
19.8
29.7
29.2
16.0
19.4
20.2
20.0
14.0
30.6
18.2
18.3
17.6
22.6
21.1
19.9
21.8
16.5
26.1
16.5
16.1
21.2
11.0
15.6
32.9
19.5
29.5
15.9
17.4
25.1
10.5
29.3
38.2
12.1
22.9
22.2
20.6

12.2      38.8    23.0
15.0     43.4    20.9
13.6      34.7    25.3
4.9     37.4    25.2
12.4      29.4    22.4
12.0     30.9    27.2
16.7      31 .l    20.0
14.3     35.5    29.1
13.6      34.6    26.6
13.9      34.9    27.1
13.6      39.5    26.4
11.3     30.5    24.3
13.7      26.4    21.4
10.9      31.9    26.1
12.6      36.5    29.6
14.6      32.8    23.0
9.0      35.0    25.6
16.0     36.1    33.7
12.2     35.6    23.6
13.1      31.5    27.6
16.0      31.7    28.2
16.0      26.6    27.6
15.9     35.0    33.6
11.6     33.7    27.5
10.9     38.0    24.1
14.4      31.2    24.2
12.7     26.1    25.0
6.7      26.5    22.2
15.6     36.6    35.3
15.1      35.7    26.4
15.1      31 .l    24.7
15.3      32.9    24.1
f0.7      31.8    25.9
10.4      40.2    24.3
7.9      20.6    24.6
12.0      34.9    29.8
23.9      36.2    30.2
17.9     26.9    27.5
13.9     32.0    25.6
4.6     41.5    13.5
11.0     36.3    32.5
7.6     34.4    21.3
10.7     30.5    26.4
7.0      37.1    25.2
12.5     36.2    26.2
2.7      19.2    10.7
16.2      32.0    29.4
13.9     37.6    20.6
14.6     29.9    26.9
10.1      36.4    28.7
10.4     27.6    24.7
10.5     32.1    32.0

*Source: Current Population Survey. 1965, U.S. Bureau of the Census, except for Puerto Rico (Center for
Health Promobon and Education, 1967) and Mmnesota (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1966).


           TABLE 3
WOKiNCCATTRlBUTABLE MORTALITY BY STATE
       UNITED STATES, 1995

strte                               Men    Women   Pe&trk     Total   Rate'

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
Cakfomta
Colorado
Conntiut
Delaware
Orstrict of cdurnbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawak
Idaho
lllklols
lndrana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
LouIslana
Mame
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mlchtgan
Minnesota
Mts-s~ssrpp~
Mssoun
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshrre
New Jersey
New Mexm
New York
North Carolma
North Dakota
Ohlo
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsytvama
Puerto Rtco"
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermonl
Virginta
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
WyMlng

3,672
187
2,688
2,n1
18,524
1.971
2.711
573
579
12.517
5,342
549
695
10,530
5.356
2.816
2,179
4,454
3,909
1,262
3,478
5,315
8.152
3,372
2.447
5,147
690
1,621
963
921
6,622
642
17,191
5.664
554
10,618
3,223
2,441
12,100
1,791
998
2.980
684
4,756
11.602
470
489
5,046
3.672
2,298
3,954
329

1,457
  74
1,125
A%
1:002
1,528
261
319
5.544
2.117
205
258
5.136
2,525
1.163
953
1,989
1,618
573
1,727
3,154
4,163
1,624
753
2.440
349
597
496
469
3,287
355
9,429
2,345
200
5,156
1.468
1,266
5,747
El
962
270
1.729
5,095
255
246
2,163
1,858
1,012
1,642
156

45
;:
2
z
15
13
125
80
12
6
178
64
18
21
54
zl
61
46
138
43
33
51
8
13
15
a
71
20
260
68
6
107
40
28
114
51
3
37
9
52
131
17
5
75
63
2
10

5,174
271
3.644
3,645
28.533
3,005
4,269
27
18.186
7.539
766
959
15,846
7945
4,017
3.153
6,497
5,571
1,861
5.266
8.515
12,453
5,039
3,233
7638
1,047
2,231
1.474
1,398
10,180
1,217
26.680
8.297
760
15.881
4.731
3.737
17,961
2.470
1,571
3,979
963
6,537
16,828
742
740
7.284
5,593
3.325
5,636
497

129.5
54.3
122.6
163.7
109.5
94.2
135.0
137.6
147.6
161.3
127.7
77.0
96.1
137.8
144.6
139.5
130.2
175.9
125.1
161.0
121.3
146.6
137.3
120.3
124.7
152.2
127.4
140.1
156.5
140.6
134.9
64.9
151.6
134.9
144.5
146.0
144.1
139.1
151.6
75.4
163.6
121.4
137.2
137.8
103.6
45.3
138.3
131.5
128.6
171.7
118.1
96.4

TOTAL

Highest State
Lowest State
AVERAGE

`per 1W.WO pemons.
"based on 1963 data.

214.135   lW.303    2,706    317,144   133.6

10.524    9,773    260      28,533   175.9
  187      74              271    45.3
4.118    1,929  51      6.099   129.1

45


                      TABLE 4
SMOKING-ATTRIBUTABLE YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST TO AGE 65 BY STATE,
                UNITED STATES, 1985

State                              Men    W-   Pe&bk   TOW    Rate'

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arfransas
California
Colorado
ZkZbicul
District of Cofun
Florida
Georgia
Hawatt
Maho
Illinots
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louislana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mtchigan
Minnesota
Missrssippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohto
Oklahoma
O+v
Pennsyivania
Puerto Rico' '
Rhode fsland
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wiisfn
Wyoming

12,968
1,134
WW
487'z
5:011
6,9s4
1,599
2.532
27,911
10,472
1,775
2A%
14:326
5,472
4.869
12,817
11,639
2,606
10,072
13.022
21,576
7,329
7,268
12.003
1,656
2,616
2,765
2,282
20,165
1,952
45,010
18.203
2,289
28.240
8,408
2~
2:616
2,495
9,864
1,328
14,625
35,911
1.996
1,190
15,165
6,252
5,716
6,397
915

3,263
  229
1.828
2,157
16,157
:*z
`569
  799
EzY
`407
  400
9.564
4,637
1,781
1,507
4,451
3,752
909
3.656
4,677
W39
2.215
1,903
4,106
z:
1,065
  756
5,969
  686
16.371
12,156
  688
14.050
2,599
1,877
9,262
1,083
2.z
343
4,301
12,666
306
416
4,713
2.910
1,641
2,625
277

2.880
666
1,998
1.797
15.244
2,095
1.962
975
854
:*E
`805
367
11.498
4.098
1.172
1,386
3,514
2.830
1,689
3,948
2,954
8,689
2,760
2,114
3,301
525
868
999
517
4,589
1.318
16,795
4.411
405
6,888
2.579
1.781
7,373
3.290
223
2.417
574
3.334
8,440
1.069
301
4.615
4.077
974
2,561
636

19,131   545.2
2.031   421.4
9,826   358.1
11.357   565.0
79.491   341.3
8,726   300.6
11.366   413.6
3.163   577.2
4.185   678.3
45,030   485.7
28.912   544.5
2,987   333.4
2,252   253.3
49.665   490.3
23,063   475.7
8,425   341.4
7,762   370.1
20,782   639.4
18.421   459.3
5.207   519.1
17,676   455.2
20,653   410.6
38,974   483.9
12.304   335.4
11.285   494.3
19,410   446.2
2,768   362.3
4,595   333.9
4,669   582.4
3,549   404.7
30,723   466.4
3,958   305.7
78,176   505.1
34,772   639.2
3362   577.1
49,170   521.2
13,686   472.2
8,618   369.2
46,658   459.6
7,189   219.4
3,494   425.6
14,615   504.8
2,245   371.7
22,466   539.0
57,007   367.8
3.371   205.8
1,907   404.0
24,693   498.5
15,239   396.4
8,531   506.4
13.563   326.7
1.826   394.0

TOTAL

Highest State
Lowest State
AVERAGE

`per 1W,OOOperscnsbssthan65yeamofage
"based on 1963 data.

571,222   197,703   174,745   943,278   397.9

~,090   16,371    16,795   79,491   678.3
  915             223    1,828   205.8
10,965           3.361    18,140   391.1

46


            TABLE 5
SMOKING-ATTRIBUTABLE YEARS OF POTENTIAL
LIFE LOST TO LIFE EXPECTANCY BY STATE,
       UNITED STATES, 1985

State                        Men     Won-rem    Pedimlc      Total     Rate'

Alabama
Alaska
Anzona
Arkansas
Califorma
C&fad0
Connecttcti
Delaware
Dlstnct of Colun
Fionda
Gaorgla
Hawau
Idaho
lllmo~s
lndlana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louwana
Mame
MarYland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mmnesota
Mlsslsslppl
MlSSOU~l
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexlm
New York
North Carokna
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rim"
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

xuo5
2.091
26.511
30,467
201,519
21,324
29.237
6,587
7,731
130,116
64.961
WC4
7,133
119,349
59,785
27,239
22,253
50,770
46.694
12,636
23,629
54,566
69,675
33,913
26,166
52,389
7.321
14.601
11.272
9.618
53.670
6,691
196,236
70,452
3.076
117.635
34.963
25.630
132.230
12,654
10,776
36,037
6,707
55,691
134,393
7.522
5,268
59,226
30,792
25,039
38,950
3,547

ibis

6.506
1,120
13.667
12,763
112.207
11.331
17.016
3,357
4.019
2E
5:130
2,970
61,066
2woa
12,406
10,415
25,210
21,250
6,266
10.362
32.506
50,660
16,446
10,060
25.207
4.060
6.229
6,725
5,223
16,607
4,069
117,663
37,347
61.g
17.127
14.161
66,579
6.895
6,226
13,205
2,770
22,532
64,804
3.566
2.830
27,446
21,723
12,434
17,962
1,766

3,245
  751
2,244
2,035
17.609
2,373
2.217
1,112
986
9.091
5,656
920
416
13,020
4.619
1.330
1,561
4,059
3,217
1,927
4.460
3.350
10.056
3,115
2,366
3.742
E
1.126
579
5,211
1.485
19,398
5,006
413
7.020
:E
6:516
3,660
250
2,745
646
3,651
9,749
1,235
340
5,441
4,616
1,100
2.884
721

44,956    1.125.0
4,762     954.3
44,442    1.417.2
45,265    1.927.0
331,415    1 v272.0
35,026    1.096.4
46,470    1.532.9
11,056    1.791.9
12.736    2,Q64.2
204,593    1.614.4
96.943    1 fH2.3
12,554    1.261.7
10,527    1.0540
193,435    1,662.6
94.012    1,711.5
41,037    1.424.9
3a29     1.413.3
60,039    2.167.3
71,361    1.602.2
21,031    1.619.3
36.491      666 5
90,422    1.556.3
150.591     1.659.6
53,476    1.276.9
40.634     1.567.1
01.410    1,622.e
11,997    1.459.5
22.016    1362.9
19,125    2.056.5
15.620    1,571.4
75,666     1.0057
14.245      994.1
335.319    1.690.6
112,605    1 B34.5
4,335      643.2
167.206    1,744.7
54,999    1,675.E
41,803     I .556.3
207,325    1.749.4
23,629      721.1
17.254    1,797.3
51,987    1.565.9
10,133    1.443.4
62,274    1,734.6
206,946    1.266.4
12,343      753.5
8,438    1.577.2
92,115    1662.7
65,133    1.497.7
36.573    1.992.4
59.616    1,253.o
6,056    1.199.2

TOTAL

Highest State
Lowest State
AVERAGE

`per 100,ooO persons.
"based on 1963 data.

2.314.957    1.156.108    199,240   3.672305    1 s49.3

201,509     117,663    19,398    335,319    2.167.3
  2.691        646       250     4,335     643.2
44,510     22,271     3.632     70,621    1466.0

47


          TABLE 6
SMOKING-ATTRIBUTABLE ECONOMIC COSTS
  BY STATE, UNITED STATES, 1965
     IN MILLIONS OF DOLLARS

State

Direct     Indirect    Indirect   Pediatric hdlrect        Per Capita
Morbidity  Morbid@  Mottality    Mortality      Total     Cost'

Alabama
Alaska
Anzona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connectcut
Delaware
District of Colun
Flonda
Georgia
Hawak
Idaho
lllmols
lndlana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Lowana
Mame
Maryland
Massachusetts
Mlchlgan
Minnesota
M~sswpp~
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshtre
New Jersey
New Mexlm
New York
North Carokna
North Dakota
Ohlo
Oklahoma
Oregon
PennsylvanIa
Puerto Rico' *
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Vlrgwa
Washmgton
West Vlrgmia
Wwon.stn
Wyomtng

lbia

349.6
  34.7
294.9
196.0
2.932.4
329.3
340.7
  69.5
  19.0
035.2
537.9
  08.1
  66.6
1,325.7
563.9
192.7
159.4
327.0
263.8
124.7
446.6
047.5
1.103.9
463.1
210.2
594.7
  39.9
156.4
121.1
  95.0
701.7
  71.9
1,665.l
491.6
  93.7
1.246.2
339.6
151.6
1.403.7
  30.0
133.0
227.9
60.7
204.4
1,618.g
43.2
52.0
5344
426.7
1991
469.5
30.9

174.4     367.5        10.1         901.6
16.4      20.0        2.4         02.3
109.8     195.6        7.1         607.5
101.1     222.7        6.3        526.1
1,059.8    1.766.7        53.2       5.812.1
109.8     157.3        7.3        603.8
123.6     222.2        6.9        701.4
27.5      51.3        3.4         151.7
26.0      82.0        3.0         130.0
407.4     790.1        28.1       2.060.7
257.7     534.4        18.0       1347.9
32.1      50.5        2.0         173.5
25.6      46.6         1.3         142.2
514.8     934.6        40.2       2.015.4
440.1      231.4        14.4       1,257.g
45.6     177.3        4.1         419.6
70.3     136.4        4.9        370.9
170.0     397.5        12.3        906.9
130.4     302.9        6.0        713 9
57.0     126.4        6.0        316.1
185.3     360.9       13.8       1 OO6.5
200.4     462.0        21.2       1.619.1
275.0     699.6        31.2      2,110.4
154.3     230.0        9.7        877.0
90.0     210.1         7.4        526.6
232.0     434.6        11.5       1.272.9
20.6      46.3        1.0         108.7
56.3      91.8        3.0        307.6
47.6      91.4        3.5        263.6
40.4      61.6        1.8        218.9
301.1     604.2        16.3       1,623 4
33.1      62.4        4.6         172.0
907.3    1.780.9        58.5       4.611.8
267.5     606.6        154       1381.1
36.6      29.0         1.0        161.1
481.7     085.5        24.0       2,637.4
259.3     135.5        9.1         743.5
63.5     192.3        6.3        4337
542.4     954.6        25.7       2.926.3
33.0      95.2        11.5         178.5
40.7      90.0         1.0        272.5
124.3     202.0        0.4        642.5
24.2      42.0        2.0        129.0
352.6     157.2        11.7        806.0
617.0    1,079.2        29.4       3344.5
27.0      16.1         3.8         92.1
19.8      305        1.1         111.2
236.0     455.7        16.9       1.243.0
153.0     281.2        14.3        877.1
93.2     206.2        3.4        501.9
266.7     266.7        9.0      1,011.8
15.1      27.3        4.6        85.8

226
165
194
224
223
189
222
246
211
183
220
174
143
245
229
146
153
246
160
273
232
279
233
Hii
254
132
193
283
220
215
120
260
225
239
246
227
161
247
54
204
196
104
170
206
56
206
224
202
259
212
170

TOTAL          23.653.9    10.237.9   17.023.0       623.3      52,330.g     221

Highest State       2,932 4     1.059.8    1.780.9        58.5       5,612.l     204
Lowest Slate         19.0      15.1      16.1         0.8         82.3      54
AVERAGE          454.9      196.9     342.0        12.0       1.006.5     205

`In dollars, based on 1985 resident populahon eshmates. U.S. Bureau of the Census.
"based on 1903 data.

48


  ACTIVITIES OF THE
INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE
ON SMOKING AND HEALTH


The Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health was
established as part of the Comprehensive Smoking Education
Act of 1984 (P.L. 98-474). This Committee advises the
Secretary of Heatth and Human Services in a wide range of
issues pertaining to smoking and health. Specifically, the
Committee is charged with the coordination of research and
education programs and maintenance of a liaison with ap-
propriate Federal and non-Federal agencies relating to smok-
ing and health. The Committee is chaired by the Surgeon
General, Dr. C. Everett Koop, and comprises five non-Federal
members who are scientists and physicians representing
private entities involved in informing the public about the
health effects of smoking and representatives from the
Federal agencies listed below. The Executive Secretary of
the Committee is John L. Bagrosky, Associate Director of the
Office on Smoking and Health.

Federal Agencies
Department of Agriculture
Department of Defense
Department of Education
Department of Justice
Department of Labor
Environmental Protection Agency
Federal Trade Commission
General Services Administration
Veterans Administration
U.S. Public Health Service

Centers for Disease Control
Office of the Director

Office on Smoking and Health, Center for Chronic
  Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Office of Minority Health
National Institutes of Health
  National Cancer Institute
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
National institute of Child Health and Human
Development

Health Resources and Services Administration
Indian Health Service

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
National Institute on Drug Abuse

The Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health held its
inaugural meeting on October 1,1986. The meeting was an
orientation session for the Committee members. Dr. Koop
opened the meeting with an overview of the Committee's
mandate and its responsibilities. Dr. John Holbrook, Univer-
sity of Utah School of Medicine, presented the medical and
historical perspectives of the smoking issue; Mr. Matthew
Myers, Coalition on Smoking and Health, gave a history of the
Comprehensive Smoking Education Act of 1984; and Mr.
Donald Shopland, Office on Smoking and Health, spoke on

smoking prevalence. The Committee voted that in future
meetings it would examine in depth a single topic within the
smoking issue.

The February 12, 1986 meeting was devoted to a review of
the impact of advertising and promotion of tobacco products.
Presentations included opening remarks by the chairperson,
Dr. Koop; an overview of the promotion of tobacco products
by Dr. Kenneth E. Warner, University of Michigan; Dr. Virginia
Ernster, University of California, spoke on tobacco advertising
over the years; Dr. Elizabeth Whelan? American Council on
Science and Health, examined the coverage of the health
hazards of smoking in magazines; and Dr. Paul Magnus,
National Heart Foundation of Australia, spoke on cigarette
advertising and its influence on the media's coverage of the
issue. Dr. Ruth Roemer, University of California in Los An-
geles, although unable to attend, submitted her paper on
national legislative strategies to control cigarette advertising,
promotion, and marketing.

The Committee met on June 4, 1988 to review the issue of
free cigarette sampling and other related marketing techni-
ques. After opening remarks by Dr. Koop, Dr. Edward Popper,
Northeastern University, gave an overview of cigarette sam-
pling and couponing; Mr. Donald Garner, Southern Illinois
University School of Law, reviewed the legal and public policy
aspects of tobacco sampling; Dr. Richard Daynard, North-
eastern University and Mr. John Kirkwood, Chicago Lung
Association, examined two community efforts to ban tobacco
sampling. At the conclusion of the meeting, Dr. Koop, in his
role as physician, Surgeon General, and Chairperson of the
Committee, called on local organizations concerned with
health and particularly the health of children to initiate
immediate steps to control cigarette sampling in their
communities.

Smoking and its impact on minority populations was the topic
of discussion at the meeting on March 31, 1987. Dr. Aifred
Marcus, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the
University of California in Los Angeles, spoke on the
prevalence of smoking among minorities; Dr. Claudia Baquet,
National Cancer Institute, presented statistical information on
the incidence of smoking-related diseases in minorities; Dr.
Emilio Carillo, Harvard School of Public Heafth, discussed
effective interventions in minority communities; and Dr. Alan
Blum, Baylor College of Medicine, explained various market-
ing and advertising campaigns and techniques targeted
toward minority populations. At the conclusion of the meeting,
Dr. Koop called for support of minority leadership in efforts to
counteract the forces that are encouraging the uptake of
smoking by minority youth and the continuation of smoking by
minority adults.

The General Services Administration printed its new smoking
regulations in the Federal Register on December 8,1986. The

INTERAGENCY COMMllTEE ON SMOKING AND HEALTH

51


implementation of these regulations by Federal agencies was
the topicof the October 15,1987 meeting. Terence C. Golden,
Administrator of the General Services Administration, dis-
cussed the new regulations, their development and implemen-
tation; Dr. Barbara Hulka, University of North Carolina in
Chapel Hill, presented the heafth effects of exposure to en-
vironmental tobacco smoke; and Mr. John Pinney, John F.
Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and
former Director of the Office on Smoking and Health, spoke
on worksite smoking policies. Following the speakers'
presentations, various Federal agency representatives sum-
marized the policies within their individual departments and
the enforcement of such policies.

The meeting held on February 18,1988, entitled Tobacco and
Health Internationally, discussed the health effects of tobacco
use internationally and activitiesof transnationaltobaccocom-
panies to expand Third World markets for tobacco products.
Dr. Judith Longstaff Mackay, Hong Kong Council on Smoking
and Health, discussed U.S. tobacco activities in Asia; Dr.
Gregory Connolly, representing the American Public Health
Association, presented informationon the activities of transna-
tional tobacco conglomerates; Dr. Ted T.L. Chen, National
Department of Health in Taiwan and University of Mas-
sachusetts in Amherst, spoke on tobacco use and promotion
in Taiwan; Mr. James Swomley, American Lung Association
and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Dis-
ease, discussed the positions of these organizations on inter-
national tobacco use and tobacco trade policies; and Mr.
Michael Pertschuk, the Advocacy Institute, discussed health
policy implications of international tobacco trade. Dr. Koop
called on government agencies and private organizations to
increase their activities on tobacco and health internationally.
He added that health warnings should be required on all
packages of cigarettes that are exported, in the language of
the receiving country, and that countries should work together
more effectively to coordinate an aggressive worldwide cam-
paign to curb the use of tobacco.

The following abstracts summarize papers submitted or com-
ments made to the Interagency Committee at each of the
respective meetings.

October 7, 1985: Inaugural Meeting

Comments by:

Koop, C. Everett,M.D. Surgeon General, U.S.
Public Health Service and Deputy Assistant Secretary
for Health, Washington, D.C.

An estimated 340,000 Americans die prematurely each year
because they smoke. Allowing for population growth, cigarette
composition, and smoking patterns, as many as 10 million
Americans may have died prematurely over the past 20 years
because they smoked cigarettes.

The Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health should
resolve to reduce those premature deaths to zero. The Com-
mittee remains committed to reducing the proportion of adults
who smoke to below 25 percent by the year 1990. Increased
awareness of smoking hazards through public information and
education programs, including physician and public health
officials support, is the only way to achieve this goal.

Shopland, Donald FL, and Brown, Clarlce,
Office on Smoking and Health, Rockville, Maryland.

"Changes in Cigarette Smoking Prevalence In the U.S.,
1955-l 983."

A significant decline in the percentage of current smokers
among the male population occurred from 1964 to the most
recent survey date, 1983, from an estimated 52.9 percent in
1964 to 35.2 percent in 1983. There has also been an
increase in the percent of males who quit smoking and in the
percent of males who never smoked on a regular basis.

There has been less of a change in the adult female popula-
tion. Findings indicate that afthough there was an increase in
the percent of former smokers among adult females between
1965 and 1970, there was a less significant change between
1970 and 1983 in either the percent of former smokers or
persons who had ever smoked.

Patterns of smoking prevalence among adults reflect the
changes in initiation and adoption of cigarette smoking among
teenagers. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among high
school seniors declined to its lowest point in 1984, the most
recent survey date, with only 18.7 percent of all seniors
surveyed indicating that they were daily smokers. Since 1977,
there has also been a higher prevalence rate among teenage
girls as compared to teenage boys.

Comments by:

Myers, Matthew, Coalition on Smoking Or Health,
Washington, D.C.

"&tory of the Comprehenslve Smoking Education Act"

The Comprehensive Smoking Education Act was first intro-
duced in the fall of 1981; it became law in 1985. Public Law
98-474 is the most important smoking legislation enacted in
the last 15 years. The Act has three primary provisions: 1) all
cigarette advertisements and packages are to rotate the four
new specific informative health warnings; 2) cigarette com-
panies are to disclose to the Secretary of Health and Human
Services (HHS) a complete list of all ingredients added to
tobacco during the manufacture of cigarettes; and 3) the
Secretary of HHS is to develop and implement a program to
inform the public of the health hazards of smoking. This latter
provision should include the coordination of all research and
educational programs and activities related to smoking and
health, and the creation and maintainance of a liaison between
Federal agencies, State and local governments and the
private sector.

Factors prompting the effort to legislate this bill included: 1)
the Federal Trade Commission report that the current health
warning was no longer effective; 2) the Surgeon General
began a new series of reports on the Health Consequences
of Smoking; 3) data from the Office on Smoking and Health
and other Federal agencies showed that increasing trends in
smoking were related to advertising and educational efforts;
and 4) the major voluntary organizations created legislative
and lobbying offices in Washington, D.C.

52


Comments by:

Holbrook, John H., University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah.

"Hlstorlcal and Medlcal Perspectives on Smoklng."

In the 1930s and 1940s reports began linking smoking with
cancer, heart disease, and adverse effects on the unborn
chikf. In the 1950s isolated cases were associating smoking
with excess morbidity and mortality primarily due to cancer,
lung cancer, emphysema, bronchitis, and coronary heart dis-
ease.

The first Surgeon General's report in 1964 directly stated that
smoking was causatively associated with lung cancer and
bronchitis. Subsequent reports further detailed the health
effects associated with smoking. The types of evidence cited
in the reports include: epidemiologic, experimental, clinical,
and pathologic evidence. Factors effecting the level of addic-
tion and the adverse heafth effects depend upon: dose,
genetic makeup, environmental exposures, and underlying
medical disorders of each individual smoker. Major biomedi-
cal effects of smoking include: atherosclerosis (cardiovas-
cular problems), cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease
(emphysema and bronchitis), and the effects on the unborn
fetus during pregnancy (low-birthweight).

February 72, 7986: Advertising and Promotion of Tobacco
Products

Warner, Kenneth E., Department of Health Planning
and Administration, School of Public Health, University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

"Promotion of Tobacco Products: An Overview of the
Issues."

Cigarettes are the Nation's most heavily advertised consumer
product. In 1964, the industry devoted over $2 billion to
promoting the product, more than $8 for every man, woman,
and child (smokers and nonsmokers). in 1980, cigarette ads
accounted for just under 15 percent of product advertising in
newspapers, 10 percent in magazines, and almost a third of
all outdoor advertising. Over one half of all revenues from
newspaper supplements represented cigarette advertising
and nearly one in every two billboards carried an advertise-
ment for cigarettes. Increasingly, the tobacco companies are
relying on sponsorship of sports and cultural events, free or
subsidized distribution of product samples, and "social issue"
advertising campaigns to promote the image of their product.
Massive cigarette advertising reduces media coverage of the
heaith effects of smoking, which in turn, contributes to a
greater prevalence of smoking and smoking-related disease.

The problem of cigarette promotion can be addressed several
different ways: imposing a complete ban on all promotion of
tobacco products; eliminating the seductive imagery of
cigarette advertising; reducing misleading advertising by re-
quiring the tobacco industry to disclose that there is no con-
troversy on the hazards of smoking; and mounting boycotts of
publications that accept cigarette advertising, cancelling sub-
scriptionstothosethatdoand informingthem as tothe reason.

Ernster, Virginia L., Department of Epidemiology
and International Health, School of Medicine, Univer-
sity of California, San Francisco, California.

"Tobacco Advertising Over the Years: Types, Themes,
Voluntary Codes and Related Legislation."

Over the last haif century there has been an increase in
cigarette advertising and promotions targeted toward women;
the emergence.of a number of cigarette brands designed
exclusively for females is one indication of the targeting of
women as cigarette consumers. Approximately $2 billion is
currently being spent by the tobacco industry to advertise and
promote cigarettes in the U.S.

In addition, smokeless tobacco advertising and promotions
are on the rise. Underwriting sporting events has been a major
form of promoting smokeless tobacco. Advertisements have
suggested that smokeless tobacco is an acceptable alterna-
tive to cigarette smoking.

Until 1960, attempts to regulate cigarette advertising were
concerned primarily with the false health benefits claimed for
specific brands. Since 1960, the concern has been with
ensuring that the scientific facts about cigarettes be included
in advertisements.

More needs to be learned about audiences targeted fortobac-
co advertising, promotional efforts, and the effects of advertis-
ing on usage patterns by various groups. Continued
monitoring of advertisements for themes and validity of claims
is necessary for the ongoing formulation of public policy on
tobacco advertising.

Whelan, Eilzabeth M., and White, Lawrence,
American Council on Science and Health, New York,
New York.

"How Well Do American Magazines Cover the Health
Hazards of Smoking?"

in January 1986, the American Council on Science and Health
commissioned a study of magazine coverage of health
hazards of smoking. A select group of 20 mass circulation
magazines were surveyed. The study tabulated all articles
published in the last five years on selected health hazards and
health promotion topics, then determined how many of those
mentioned smoking. The study ranked how highly smoking
was emphasized as a risk factor in selected articles dealing
with specific diseases. The tabulations were then associated
with acceptance of cigarette advertising by each publication.

From the survey, several conclusions were made. Magazines
that accept cigarette ads are less likely to report on hazards
of smoking.   Researchers hypothesize that this is less the
result of direct tobacco industry pressure than of selfcensor-
ship, based on editors' fear of losing advertising revenues.
Banning cigarette advertising may result in better coverage of
the health hazards of smoking; however, the tobacco industry
is firmly ensconced in the American economy; inasmuch as
two major tobacco companies own two large food con-
glomerates. R may be that the government must therefore
assume more responsibility in educating the public on the

53


health hazards of smoking. Such campaigns could easily and
fairly be financed by an increase in the cigarette excise tax.

Magnus, Paul, The National Heart Foundation of
Australia, Canberra City, Australia.

"Aspects of the Tobacco-Media Story and Cigarette
Advertising."

Early U.S. mediacoverage of thecigarette smoking and health
issues was limited. Most women's magazines still shun the
smoking and health story, due to the powerful influence of the
activities and advertising of the tobacco industry. There has
been significant undercoverage of the smoking issue from the
first major scientific discoveries in the late 1930s and early
195Os, dueto thecigarette manufacturers'economic influence
on advertising revenues.

There is little evidence that massive cigarette advertising
revenue may have influenced newspaper coverage of smok-
ing and health issues. However, for women's magazines the
evidence is convincing, and supported by accounts from
health wriiers. Women's magazines seem to censor them-
selves on the issue, free from direct intervention from the
tobacco industry.

A primary function of the print media is to inform the public.
With over 40 years' growing scientific evidence available on
smoking and health, the cumulative evidence filtering through
the media has inevitably been large. But it has been so
attenuated and small compared with what should have been,
that the American public remains demonstrably underin-
formed. Cigarette advertising revenue impedes free speech
and the dissemination of health information and thus con-
tributes to smoking rates and subsequent unnecessary
deaths.

Roemer, Ruth, School of Public Health, University of
California, Los Angeles, California.

"National Leglslatlve Strategies to Control Clgarette
Advertlslng, Promotlon, and Marketlng."

Banning cigarette advertising and promotion, increasing the
tax and price of cigarettes, and strengthening smoking educa-
tion are the three most important legislative strategies the
United States can adopt to control smoking.

Worldwide legislative activities are described; evaluating
these strategies is, however, difficult because of the many
factors involved in tobacco use. Various countries have
adopted total bans, strong partial bans, and moderate or minor
bans on cigarette advertising. The United States, having
already adopted a minor ban, may choose between total or
strong partial bans: a total ban is recommended, as convey-
ing a stronger message and as more enforceable. First
amendment considerations may, however, require adoption
of a partial ban.

Many countries have found tax and price increases effective,
and academic work shows that price elasticity affects the

demand for cigarettes. Tax increases are objected to on the
grounds that they are regressive; however, the advantages of
having to give up smoking, particularly for the young, who are
often only temporarily poor, outweigh any unfair financial
losses. Either the Federal excise tax or State taxes might be
raised: raising the Federal tax would be more effective, en-
forceable, and revenue-neutral. Researchers have
demonstrated that anti-smoking education is a necessary
companion to anti-smoking legislation: further funding of anti-
smoking education programs should be legislated. An adver-
tising ban will also aid education programs by releasing the
media from self-imposed censorship on smoking that is
motivated by fear of losing advertising revenue.

An important publication is now in preparation that will en-
courage members of Congress to take the measures recom-
mended here. R will show deaths, days of hospitalization, and
medical care costs associated with the smoking diseases in
each state.

June 4, 1986: Free Cigarette Sampling

Daynard, Richard A., President of Group Against
Smoking Pollution (GASP) of Massachusetts, and
Professor at Northeastern University School of Law,
Boston, Massachusetts.

"Case Study of Successful Community Efforts to Ban
Cigarette Sampling."

Whether cigarette sampling is done directly (e.g. handouts),
or indirectly (e.g. print media or couponing and mail distribu-
tion), tobacco companies use carefully planned strategies and
target specific populations. Often. samples fall into the hands
of underage youth and are viewed by many as a public
nuisance. Successful efforts to ban the distribution of free
cigarette samples are described and recommendations are
made to encourage additional bans. Suggestions considered
crucial to asuccessful ban on sampling include identifying one
groupto lead the legislative efforts and rallying community and
political support. This should be complemented with a
credible legal resource that can provide on-the-spot legal
expertise.

Comments by:

Klrkwood, John L., Executive Director of the
Chicago Lung Association, Chicago, Illinois.

Tobacco promotions and advertisements encourage youth to
begin smoking, contrary to the industry's claim that the focus
of their advertising is to encourage smokers to switch brands.
Therefore, the Committee is urged to support a ban on all
tobacco promotions and advertisements. If this is not feasible,
restrictions should be enforced on advertising directed toward
youth. All role models should be removed from advenise-
ments and 25 percent of media fees should be donated to
counter-advertising groups. In addition, distribution of free
cigarette samples and sponsorship of events should be
banned.

54


Popper, Edward T., College of Business Admini-
stration,  Northeastern University, Boston,
Massachusetts.

"Sampling and Couponlng Promotional Actlvlty In the
Domestlc Clgarette Market."

Since 1963, advertising expenditures for tobacco products
have remained relatively flat while promotional expenditures
amounted to 52.1 percent of tobacco advertising budgets in
1983. This shift is a direct result of restrictions imposed to
eliminate the tobacco industry's use of broadcast advertising
and the limited market response to print media. Tobacco
companies currently rely on sampling and couponing to stimu-
late new usage of their products. To more accurately reflect
these changes in advertising and promotional expenditures,
the Federal Trade Commission data collection system should
be modified. Also, more research should be conducted to
study the effect of promotional strategies on the consumer.

Garner, Donald W., Southern Illinois University
School of Law, Carbondale, Illinois.

"Tobacco Sampllng, Public Policy and the Law."

Product liability laws that hold sellers of dangerous products
liable for civil damages have never been enforced against
cigarette manufacturers. The tobacco industry would have
the publicbelieve that tobacco promotions and advertising are
protected under the First Amendment's freedom of speech
clause, the Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, and the
Smokeless Tobacco Education Act. This, however, is not the
case. States possess the constitutional authority to protect
the public from the tobacco industry and the negative effects
of smoking. Even if cigarette and snuff advertising and sam-
pling were accorded "commercial speech" protection, com-
plete or limited prohibition is well within the constitutional
power of the state. From 1970 to 1983, the cigarette com-
panies increased their sampling expenditures from $12 million
to $126 million; a lo-fold increase. Future anti-sampling
legislation should be shaped by two sampling realities: 1) the
state has an obligation to protect children as well as adults and
2) limited sampling is almost impossible to enforce when a law
permits sampling to adults.

March 31, 1987: Smoking and Minority Populations

Comments by:

Blum, Alan, Department of Family Medicine, Baylor
College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

"Trends In Marketlng and Cigarette Advertlslng Towards
Black and Hispanic Populatlons."

Afthough overall cigarette consumption has declined (about
one percent per year since 1980) America still has one of the
highest smoking rates in the world. An increasing percentage
of smokers is in the minority populations. Trends in advertising
and marketing have been shifting towards minority popula-
tions; tailoring marketing strategies towards Spanish- speak-
ing consumers while incorporating the idiosyncrasies of both
the language and country in brand awareness.

There is a saturation of black-oriented publications and
billboards with cigarette advertising campaigns. Between 25-
40 percent of all eight sheet advertising in predominantly black
areas is for cigarettes. There is a shift; however, focusing on
sampling, couponing and the sponsorshipof sports and enter-
tainment events (i.e., concerts, dance companies, and soccer
tournaments).

Although necessary, counter-advertising campaigns are dif-
ficult to develop, especially with the fear of losing tobacco
industry revenue. There has been a lack of involvement from
ethnic civil organizations (i.e., NAACP, National Urban
League), to support government and voluntary health agency
efforts to prevent and end smoking, primarily due to large
amounts of tobacco industry contributions.

Carrlllo, Emlllo J., American Institutes for Research,
Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, Mas-
sachusetts.

"A Rationale for Effective Smoking Preventlon and Ces-
sation Interventions In Mlnorlty Communities."

In order to be successful, smoking prevention and cessation
activities aimed at minority communities must consider the
characteristics of those communities. Although U.S. minority
communities are heterogeneous, they have common ele-
ments, which when identified, assist in the development of
targeted smoking prevention and cessation activities.

Some basiccommonalities among minority populations are as
follows. Socio-economic: Minority communities generally
have lower median incomes, lower educational levels and
reside in more urban and innercity locations that exposethese
groups to greater environmental hazards than the general
non-minority population. Social-cultural: Minority com-
munities generally place a strong emphasis on both the
nuclear and extended family, and have a shared sense of
kinship and close community ties (so&-economic conditions
have resulted in geographical clustering of minority com-
munities); possess key central reference points: churches,
community agencies, barbershops, laundromats, and the
general store; place importance on local community advo-
cates, such as unpaid and unaffiliated community leaders; and
maintain linguistic and cultural affinities. Socio-demographic:
Minority populations are young in age and have a higher
birthrate ratio than their non-minority counterparts.

Recommended strategies for intervention are: encouraging
group work in smoking cessation efforts;stressing the benefits
to the community and family in better health habits: stressing
the short-term disadvantages of smoking; providing short-
term products of groupefforts; and useof appropriate vehicles
to carry the anti-smoking message. An accurate analysis of
the targeted audience is paramount i.e., identifying the level
of development, level of literacy, prevalent language, key
community activities, and popular media types. The specifii
characteristics and culture of adolescents in each community
should be addressed, as well as the life changes they are
undergoing such as, migration and transition from school to
work. Smoking and pregnancy risks must be strongly
associated.

55


Marcus, Alfred C., and Crane, Lorl A.,
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
California, Los Angeles, California.

"Current Estlmates of Adult Clgarette Smoklng by
RacelEthnIclty."

An analysis of data obtained from the 1985 National Health
Interview Survey (NHIS) indicates the overall smoking rate
among blacks is noticeably higher than it is for whites and
Hispanics, with whites ranking second and Hispanics third.
Although black males continue to smoke at a higher rate,
which is estimated at nearly 40 percent, Hispanic males are
smoking at virtually the same rate as white males. Among
females, blacks are again ranked first, with whites ranked a
close second, and Hispanics third.

There is a decline in cigarette smoking by white, black, and
Hispanic males. Although females also showed a decline in
smoking during the same period (1978-l 985), the absolute
decline was typically about half that of males. Whites are much
more likely to be heavy smokers than black and Hispanic
smokers. There is also a recent decline in the percentage of
white and black females who have never smoked.

Much more couM be done to encourage physicians to perform
brief behavioral counseling with their smoking patients, Pre-
vious research has shown that physician advice to quit smok-
ing can increase the quit rate from five percent per year to a
quit rate approaching 10 percent. The U.S. Public Health
Service as a whole, and especialfy the Office on Smoking and
Health and the Office of the US. Surgeon General, might also
intensify their efforts to promote physician-based smoking
cessation programs as public health policy in the United
States.

Baquet, Claudla R., Minority Field Program, Special
Populations Studies Program, Division of Cancer
Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute,
Bethesda, Maryland.

"The Assoclatlon of Tobacco to Cancer and Other Health
Condltlons In Mlnorlty Populatlons."

More than 80 percent of the excess mortality observed among
blacks and other minorii populations is attributed to six
causes of death: cancer, cardiovascular diseases and stroke,
chemical dependency, diabetes, homicide and accidents, and
infant mortality. For blacks (males and females) excess
deaths from these major causes accounted for approximately
47 percent of the total annual deaths among those age 45
years or younger during 1979 through 1981, and for almost 43
percent of the deaths among those age 70 years or younger.

Cigarette smoking has been identified as a major cause for
cancer (30 percent of all cancer deaths), coronary heart
disease, peripheral vascular diseases, and bw birthweight/in-
fant mortality. In addition, the risk of certain cancers is greatly
increased when tobacco use is combined with other ex-
posures, such as asbestos in the workplace or excessive
alcohol consumption. The adverse health effects of involun-
tary smoking on nonsmokers has also been documented.

R is apparent that tobacco use (cigarettes and smokeler
contributes significantly to the excess incidence, morbidi
and mortality experienced by U.S. minority groups. In addfth
to a distinct cancer experience, minorities also have 0th
tobacco-related conditions at rates that differ from the gene1
population, i.e., cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, Ic
birthweight and infant mortality.

Findings from an analysis of (NHIS) data suggest th
Hispanic rates fortobacco-related disease may increase in tf
future and that special attention to cessation and preventic
efforts aimed at this group is needed. To be successful, effor
to reduce and prevent tobacco-related morbidity and mortali
in minority communities must be based on representative an
accurate population-specific data, as well as cultural
relevant interventions.

October 15, 1987: GSA Regulations

Hulka, Barbara S., Department of Epidemiology
University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Nort
Carolina.

"Health Effects of Exposure to Envlronmental Tobacco
Smoke."

The predominant source of environmental tobacco smoks
(ETS) is sidestream smoke (SS) emitted from the smolderinr
end of cigarettes. While SS is known to contain toxic an;
carcinogenic compounds, SS is diluted and it:
physiocochemical characteristics are altered in the formatior
of ETS.

The most consistent findings on adverse health effects of ETS
are on the respiratory tracts of young children. There is a
dose-response relationship between risk of respiratory
problems and nlJmber of smokers in the home and/or number
of cigarettes smoked.

Studies from many countries indicate that the risk of lung
cancer to nonsmoking spouses of smokers is approximately
30 percent greater than the risk for nonsmoking spouses of
nonsmokers. A positive association between number of
cigarettes smoked per day and the relative risk has been
reported.

The question as to whether chronic exposure to ETS enhan-
ces the risk of morbidity or mortality from cardiovascular
diseases has yet to receive adequate study.

Comments by:
Golden, Terence C., Administrator, General Ser-
vices Administration, Washington, D.C.

The General Services Administration's (GSA) regulations for
smoking in Federal office buildings were developed in the
interest of the health and safety of the Federal worker. In
addition, the regulations were developed with the full coopera-
tion and support of the entire Federalcommunity, so therefore,
they were not regulations of the GSA, but for the GSA. The
regulations were pati of the goals and objectives of the GSA

56


for improving the quality of the working environment of the
Federal employee; air quality was the beginning. Various
problems came into play; however, as the buildings were old,
and heating, air-conditioning, ventilation, and overall air cir-
culation were poor.

The response to the regulations has been positive as the
regulations take into consideration the needs of the non-
smokers to a smokefree environment and the needs of the
smokers to have space available for smoking cigarettes.

Comments by:

Pinney, John M., Executive Director, Institute for the
Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy, John F. Ken-
nedy School of Government, Harvard University,
Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Over the past ten years th.e U.S. has made great progress in
establishing an awareness of the issues of cigarette smoking,
especially in Federal office buildings. The medical and scien-
tific evidence supporting the fact that cigarette smoking has
adverse effects on a person's health has been paramount in
swaying the public and providing a vehicle of awareness for
the health effects associated with cigarette smoking. This
awareness also comes from a variety of issues:  1) findings
that environmental tobacco smoke is a cause of disease in
healthy nonsmokers, 2) nonsmokers' vocalization of the prob-
lem, and 3) the fact that the issue of smoking in the workplace
is a health and safety issue and not one of a person's personal
rights.

The public's response to the information on smoking has been
dramatic; more states and communities are passing ordinan-
ces restricting smoking in public places and are establishing
worksite smoking policies. The efforts of the General Services
Administration and the Department of Defense have assisted
in bringing about a greater awareness of the smoking and
health issue and have changed public attitudes toward
cigarette smoking.

February 18, 1988: Tobacco and Health Internationally

Comments by:

Mackay, Judith L, Executive Director, Hong Kong
Council on Smoking and Health, Hong Kong.

In Asia, the American and British tobacco companies are
promoting tobacco in ways long banned in the -United States.
Political pressure is being brought to bear on Asian govern-
ments to allow the promotion of American tobacco products.
The threat of trade sanctions has now become a pattern in
Asia.

American tobacco is being sold in Asia by different standards
than those that apply to its sale in the U.S., i.e., without any
health warnings on the packets. In addition, the tar content of
cigarettes sold in Asian countries is higher than in the United
States. A recommendation of the Sixth World Conference on
Smoking and Heafth in November 1987 was that, as a

minimum, no promotion should be allowed in developing
countries that is illegal in the country of origin.

While tobacco markets are decreasing in Western countries,
transnational tobacco companies are turning East; smoking is
increasing in developing countries at a rate of two percent per
annum.  The World Health Organization (WHO) report
predicts that smoking-related diseases will appear in develop-
ing countries before communicable diseases and malnutrition
have been controlled, and thus the gap between rich and poor
countries will widen further.

China is the biggest producer and the biggest consumer of
tobacco in the world. The large international companies are
setting up joint ventures with the Chinese. They have also
started sponsorship of athletic and sporting events in China.

In 1987, the Hong Kong government became the first Asian
government, and only the second worldwide, to ban the im-
portation, manufacture, and sale of smokeless tobacco. In an
effort to eliminate the ban, the U.S. tobacco firms mobilized
various U.S. government and industry representatives. The
Hong Kong government's official reply was that this was an
internal health matter; therefore, importation from any country
was banned and the local manufacture would become illegal.
Governments in developing countries are vulnerable on the
tobacco issue, particularly when they become doubly bound
to foreign interests.

Comments by:

Connolly, Gregory N., Representing the American
Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

"Transnatlonal Tobacco Trade."

The United States has had great success relative to the
decline in the prevalence of smoking. However, this success
translates to marketing tobacco to young people in developing
nations. There are seven transnational tobacco companies,
of which four are based in the U.S. Excluding state monop-
olies and companies in Socialist nations, they produce ap-
proximately 80 percent of the world's cigarettes. There has
been a 73 percent increase since 1968 in smoking prevalence
throughout the world. The World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that last year, one billion persons throughout the
world smoked five trillion cigarettes, and 2 l/2 million smok-
ing-attributable deaths occurred.

Since the early 1970s sharp increases in smoking rates,
followed in turn by increases in smoking-attributable death and
disease, occurred in Brazil and other Latin American
countries. The multinationals now see the state-owned mo-
nopolies in the Far East as significant barriers to their penetra-
tion of Asia. When the multinationals penetrate, they
transform how tobacco is presented, how it's advertised, and
how it's promoted. The result is the creation of new demand,
particularly among females who are targeted.

In mid-1 985, high trade deficits with Japan gave new leverage
to cigarette companies to merge their interest with the U.S.
Trade Office to reduce the U.S. trade imbalance in the Far

57


East. The Office of the US. Trade Representative initiated a
trade investigation against Japan for failure to allow free
access to the cigarette market by the multinational companies.

Japan still allows cigarette advertising on television. In April
1987, there were over 2,000 Western style advertisements on
television, and it ranked number two of all lV advertising.
Although the female smoking rate is bw in Japan, there has
been heavy advertising for products like Virginia Slims and the
Japan Tobacco, Inc. brand called Misty, an upscale French
cigarette. They are promoting this product to the nonsmoking
female; for the adolescent market, there is a new brand called
the Dean cigarette, modeled after the American adolescent
hero, James Dean.

tt could be argued that the sale of tobacco in the Far East will
aid the tobacco farmer in the U.S.  Historically, when the
multinationals went into Latin America and Africa, and greatly
expanded tobacco production in Brazil, Zimbabwe, and
Malawi, the U.S. tobacco farmer lost dominance in the world
market. By 1980, 20 percent of the tobacco in American
cigarettes was being re-exported to the U.S. from efforts by
the multinationals.

"U.S. Tobacco Trade with Taiwan."

Comments by:

Chen, Ted T.L., National Department of Health,
Taiwan, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,
Massachusetts.

Several factors have contributed to the current state of
American tobacco trade to Taiwan: the decline of the U.S.
smoking population, the high trade deficit, a large smoking
population in Taiwan, the monopoly of tobacco sale by the
national government in Taiwan, and Section 301 of the 1974
Congressional Trade Act.

The sale of tobacco in Taiwan is pushed hard by the US.
government. In 1985, the U.S. Trade Representative
negotiated with the Taiwan government for tobacoo trade with
Section 301 of the Congressional Trade Act. In January 1987,
American tobacco agents began the sale of American tobac-
cos in Taiwan.

Cigarette smoking is an adult male dominant behavior in
Taiwan. The data show that the cigarette smoking rate in
Taiwan is very high among men, over 50 percent, but very low
among women, below 7 percent. The smoking rate among
youth has been low, especially among teenage girls.  Some
of the primary strategies that the foreign tobacco agents have
used to sell tobacco in Taiwan is to target the sale of tobacco
to youth and women. Youth smoking is prohibited at home and
at school, and is relatively low. Women smoking is not con-
doned anywhere, and is very rare. This virtue of cultural
practice unfortunately has been looked upon by American
tobacco agents as an opportunity for exploitation.

According to Tung's 1987 study, teenage smoking in Taiwan
may be on the rise. Over 80 percent of the youth smoking
cigarettes indicated a preference for smoking foreign

cigarettes.  Moreover, the director of the National Bureau of
Tobacco and Wine Monopoly indicated that the volume of
foreign tobacco imports to Taiwan between January 1 to
October 31,1987, is about 22 times more than the total import
of the year 1986.

The case of marketing of American tobacco in Taiwan has
both domestic and international significance and implication.
The case study shows that American cigarette companies,
with the helpof the U.S. government, have found a new frontier
in Taiwan.

Comments by:

Swomley, James W., International Union Against
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, New York, New York.

"The Activities of the World Health Organlzatlon Regard-
ing Transnatlonal Tobacco Trade."

There is a growing awareness worldwide about the tobacco
problem. Not only is the tobacco industry killing Americans at
home, more than 300,000 each year, but it is killing 2.5 million
people worldwide each year. The United States tobacco
industry is sharing with the tobaax, industry in England, and
the tobacco industry in the rest of the world in the rising
mortality total worldwide.

The International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung
Disease held a regional meeting in the Sudan where 60
percent of the tobacco is imported. Resources in the Sudan,
whether its own agricultural effort or hard currency, are going
fortobacco. The government is indicating an interest in doing
something about the problem.

A resolution, passed by the Board of Directors of the American
Lung Association, addresses the worldwide issue: "Whereas
smoking causes an estimated 2.5 million deaths each year
worldwide, and whereas the use of tobacco products is in-
creasing in Third World countries, and whereas U.S. govern-
ment is using trade policy, including trade sanctions, to
actively encourage the export of American tobacco products;
now therefore, be it resolved that the American Lung Associa-
tion calls upon the U.S. government to accept its international
responsibility to protect and promote health throughout the
world by applying the Surgeon General's goal of a smoke-free
society to its international activity. Be it further resolved that
import restrictive measures and/or highertariffs developed by
our trading partners, not be considered actionable under U.S.
trade laws, nor be criticized as protectionistic measures. Fur-
thermore, be it resolved that trade in tobacco products no
longer be considered as an item for trade negotiations."

Comments by:

Pertschuk, Michael, American Cancer Society
National Board of Directors, Advocacy Institute,
Washington, D.C.

"U.S.-Based Transnatlonal Tobacco Trade and Advertls-
ing: The Implications of International Health Policy."

The U.S. government's involvement in the export of
advertising practices that would violate U.S. laws designed to

58


protect American youth should be examined. The aggressive
pursuit of Third World tobacco cultivation by the transnational
companies themselves has harmed American tobacco
farmers far more than protectionist policies.

evident that, desperate over the shrinking domestic markets,
the tobacco companies have adopted the very same
strategies for promoting smoking among women, minorities,
the impoverished, and the undereducated in the United
States, as they have in the countries of Asia, Europe, and in

The health of U.S. citizens is directly affected by the tobacco
industry's Third World strategies. tt is becoming increasingly

Latin America.

59


LEGISLATION


LEGISLATIVE SUMMARY

During the 1930s and 1940s scientific reports began to as-
sociate smoking with cancer, heart disease, and other ad-
verse health effects. This evidence continued to mount during
the 1950s. On June 1, 1961, the presidents of the American
Cancer Society, the American Public Health Association, the
American Heart Association, and the National Tuberculosis
Association sent a letter to President Kennedy urging the
formation of a Presidential commission to study the implica-
tions of the tobacco problem. Under the leadership of
Surgeon General Luther L. Terry, an advisory committee was
formed to assess the available knowledge and make
appropriate recommendations.

On January 1 I, 1964, the United States Public Health Service
released the first Surgeon General's report on Smoking and
Health. The Report concluded that cigarette smoking was
causally related to lung cancer; was the most important cause
of chronic bronchitis and increases the risk of dying from
chronic bronchitis and emphysema; and that it was prudent to
assume that cigarette smoking caused coronary disease. The
Report concluded that cigarette smoking is a health hazard of
sufficient importance to warrant appropriate remedial action.
During the 1970s and 1980s subsequent Surgeon Generals
reports established the scientific evidence that cigarette smok-
ing is the single largest cause of preventable morbidity and
mortality in the United States.

In 1986, the Public Health Service produced a Surgeon
General's Report which established the link between "passive
smoking" and disease in healthy nonsmokers. In response to
the growing awareness of the health hazards associated with
cigarette smoking and the acknowledgement of the rights of
nonsmokers to a smoke-free environment, an upsurge in
tobacco-related legislation hasoccurred at the National, State
and local level.

As of December 1987, nearly 100 congressional bills address-
ing smokingor tobacco-related issues had been introduced
during the 98th, 99th, and 100th sessions of Congress. Al-
though the 100th Congress continues through 1988, for pur-
poses of this report only those bills introduced through
December 31, 1987 are mentioned. A number of bills refer-
ence smoking-and tobacco-related issues on a secondary
level, or in some instances merely by inference; therefore,
review of the subject indexes for legislation introduced would
not necessarily reveal all of this legislation. Additionally, com-
panion bills introduced in both the House and Senate, which
are identical, may only be reported in indexes under one bill
number. For these reasons, tallies of bills introduced may
differsignificantlyfrom one another depending upon the depth
of the index search conducted. The following discussion will
focus on those bills that clearly deal with smoking issues,
afthough instances where smoking or tobacco sale or use is
implied are noted.

In addition to the Federal legislation, a comprehensive search
of State statute books and legislative tracking services

indicate that nearly 600 State laws pertaining to smoking and
the saleor useof tobacco products are currently in effect. This
total does not necessarily include each law pertaining to the
taxation of cigarettes or tobacco products, but rather laws that
deal with smoking in public places, distribution to minors,
schools and health education, commerce, and public health
and safety regulations.

Federal Legislation

At the Federal level, during the 98th, 99th, and 100th sessions
of Congress, nearly 100 bills addressing smoking, tobacco
use or both had been introduced as of December 1987. Four
health-related bills passed during this time. This report will
briefly describe the bills tracked by subject areas related to the
smoking and health issue. Although other laws passed may
be tobacco related, for the purposes of this report, the four
laws passed reflect health related (smoking) implications.
These bills are categorized into seven topic areas: Limitations
on Smoking in Public Places; Regulation of Sale to and Use
of Tobacco Products by Minors; Schools and School Health
Education; Regulation of Advertising Practices; Commerce;
Taxation; and Health and Safety Regulations as they pertain
to smoking and tobacco use. Some bills vary in scope and
intent, and are grouped in more than one category. (See
Table 1. following the Federal legislative narrative.)

Llmitatlons on Smoking in Public Places
Five bills introduced in the House of Representatives during
the 98th session of Congress applied primarily to smoking on
board passenger-carrying aircraft and other forms of transpor-
tation subject to interstate commerce regulations. During the
99th session, three bills were introduced pertaining to smoking
limitations: H.R. 133 would amend the Federal Aviation Act
of 1958 to prohibit smoking in more than one designated area
of a passenger-carrying aircraft; S. 1440 and S. 1937 would
restrict smoking to designated areas in all U.S. Government
buildings and impose acivil penalty for anyone who disregards
this rest&ion.  In the 100th Congress, H.R. 1008 cited as
the "Nonsmoking Health Protection Act of 1987," would restrict
smoking to designated areas in all buildings and sections of
buildings occupied by the U.S. Government.

Five bills were introduced in the 100th Congress to amend the
Federal Aviation Act of 1958 to prohibit smoking on domestic
commercial aircraft flights: H.R. 1078, H.R. 3377 "Aircraft
Cabin Air Quality Protection Act of 1987," H.R. 432 "Airline
Anti-Smoking Act," H.R. 3018, which specifies flights of two
hours or less, and H.R. 2040, which includes both domestic
and international flights. H.J.R. 395, Public Law 202, wzs
passed in December 1987 to prohibit smoking on certain
domestic flights. Senate bill S. 51, cited as the "Prohibition of
Smoking in Public Conveyances Act of 1987," would make it
unlawful for any person to smoke in any regularly scheduled

63


public conveyance traveling within the U.S. and to smoke in a
waiting area in a terminal for a public conveyance unless in a
designated smoking area. A $500 fine would be imposed for
violation.

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors
In the 100th session of Congress, H.R. 3294would amend the
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to regulate the sale and
distribution of tobacco products. Cited as the "Comprehen-
sive Tobacco Health and Safety Act of 1987," this act would
make it unlawful to sell tobacco products to any person under
the age of 18 years (or older if a state statute so declares) or
to distribute free samples, misbranded or adulterated
products.

Cited as the "Adolescent Tobacco Education and Prevention
Act," H.R. 3658 would use grant funds provided under the
Drug Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 to provide
education relating to the use of tobacco products and would
make it unlawful to sell a tobacco product to any person under
the age of 18 years, or oMer as established by a State statute.
In regards to vending machines, it would be unlawful to sell or
cause to be sold a tobacco product in a vending machine
without a posted sign stating, "The Sale of Cigarettes to Minors
is Strictly Prohibited."

Schools and School Health Education

Of the six bills introduced between the 98th and 99th sessions
of Congress, two became law. S. 1574 was passed into Public
Law 99-252 in February 1986. This law, cited as the "Com-
prehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education Act of
1986," directs the Secretary of Health and Human Services to
develop educational programs, materials and public service
announcements on the health hazards associated with
smokeless tobacco and make these items available to States,
local governments and school systems. These programs are
to be developed by the Secretary of Health and Human
Services in consultation with the Secretary of Education,
medical and public health entities, consumer groups and other
appropriate contacts. After developing these programs, the
Secretary is required to submit an annual report to the Con-
gress concerning the smokeless tobacco activities under-
taken. In addition, this law makes it unlawful to manufacture,
package or import for sale or distribution, or advertise any
smokeless tobacco product unless the product bears one of
three warning statements in a conspicuous location on the
product.

H.R. 2370, cited as the "Nurse Education Amendments of
1985," became Public Law 99-92 in August 1985. This law
amended the Public Health Service Act by directing the
Secretary of Health and Human Services to make grants and
contracts available for specified demonstration projects and
for the education and training of nurses in the subject of
smoking and health. Two additional clauses contained in the
text of this bill state that:

o A manufacturer or importer of cigarettes may apply to the
Federal Trade Commission for a description of the label
rotation process or any other requirement of the
clause; and

o Sect. 13 Section 3(c) of the Comprehensive Smoking
Education Act is amended by striking out "1985" and
inserting in lieu thereof "1986."

Regulation of Advertising Practices

Nineteen bills were introduced that pertain to the advertising
of tobacco roducts: three were introduced during the 98th
session, eight during the 99th session, and eight during the
100th session of Congress. The content of these bills varies
from labeling, packaging, and advertising on specific media to-
deductions for advertising costs. Of the bills introduced, two
became law.

Companion bills H.R. 3979 and S. 772, introduced in the 98th
session of Congress, were passed into Public Law 98-474.
Known as the Comprehensive Smoking Education Act, this
law amends the Public Health Service Act to establish an
Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health to coordinate
Federal and private research and education activities regard-
ing the health hazards of smoking, and amends the Federal-
Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to change the label
requirements for cigarettes.

Two bills (H.R. 2950 and H.R. 3510) were introduced during
the 99th session and incorporated into S. 1574, which became
Public Law 99-252 in February 1986. These three bills specifi-
cally addressed the labeling of smokeless tobacco: H.R. 2950
cited as the "Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Education
Act" would require specific warnings on all smokeless tobacco
products and advertisements, H.R. 3510 cited as the "Corn-
prehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Risk Education Act,"
proposed to establish a Federal initiative to require warning
labels on smokeless tobacco products and advertisements,
and S. 1574 (now Public Law 99-252) makes it unlawful to
manufacture, package or import for sale or distribution within
the U.S. any smokeless tobacco product unless the product
bears one of three health warning labels. Public Law 99-252
is cited as the "Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health
Education Act of 1986."

One bill in the 98th Congress (H.R. 5043), and three bills in
the 99th Congress (H.R. 760, H.R. 2835, S. 1116) would
amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act to
prohibit the advertising of any tobacco product on any medium
of electronic communication and make technical changes in
the rotation of warning labels, respectively. H.R. 2835 con-
tained a technical amendment for Section 3(c) of the Corn-
prehensive Smoking Education Act to strike out "1985" and
insert "1986." H.R. 760 cited as the "Health in Advertising Act,"
would amend Section 6 of the Act to make it unlawful to
advertise cigarettes, little cigars, and any other tobacco
product on any medium of electronic communication subject
to the jurisdiction of the Federal Communications Commis-
sion.

During the years of 1967-l 971, broadcasters provided free air
time to private and government organizations for anti-smoking
public service announcements that educated the public about
the dangers of cigarette smoking. H.Res. 286 was introduced
in the 100th session of Congress to suggest that the Federal
Government strongly encourage both print and electronic
media to voluntarily print or air public service messages

64


describing the deadly effects of cigarette smoking. H.J.Res.
271 authorizes and directs the President to call upon radio and
television broadcasters to educate the public, in cooperation
with public health organizations, about the dangers of
cigarette smoking.

HR. 1272, cited as the "Heafth Protection Act of 1987," would
amend the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act and
the Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco Health Education
Act of 1986 in regards to the advertising of tobacco products
by striking out clauses that reflect or state, ". ..and advertis-
ments...." Cited as the "Health Protection Act of 1987," HR.
1532 would ban and declare all consumer sales promotion of
tobacco products unlawful.

Two companion bills from the 99th Congress (H.R. 3950 and
S. 1950) and four bills from the 100th Congress disallow any
deductions for advertising expenses for tobacco products.
H.R. 3950, from the 99th Congress, and S. 446, H.R. 3503,
H.R. 1563, H.R. 2606 all include the clause that disallowed
deductions for other promotional expenses with respect to
sales of tobacco and tobacco products.

Commerce

Five bills were introduced in the 100th session of Congress,
six bills during the 99th session, and one in the 98th session
pertaining to the purchase, sale, distribution, or importation of
cigarettes and tobacco products.

In the 99th session, S. 1418 would amend the Agricultural Act
of 1938, and the Agricultural Act of 1949 to improve the
Tobacco Price Support Program and determine market quotas
for flue-cured and burley tobacco. In the 100th Congress,
H.R. 1218 would require the Secretary of Agriculture to estab-
lish an advisory committee to study the economic impact of
prohibiting the lease and transfer of flue-cured tobacco
acreage allotments and quotas for the 1987 and subsequent
crops of flue-cured tobacco.

HR. 3629 was introduced in the 99th session of Congress to
make appropriationsforthe Department of Defense for military
functions and for other purposes. In Section 8101 of this bill
it is clearly stated that none of the funds appropriated by this
Act shall be available in connection with the operation of
commissary stores, exchanges, and ship stores that do not
sell cigarettes and tobacco products at a price equivalent to
the lowest average prevailing retail price. The Conference
Report by the House of Representatives stated that the con-
ferees agreed to delete the Senate provision that would in-
crease the price of tobacco products sold on military
installations yet direct the Assistant Secretary of Defense for
Heatth Affairs to submit a report on his recommendations
concerning the health issues surrounding tobacco products
and the military. This report would include how cigarette
prices effect the consumption patterns, the health of military
personnel and the economic cost to the military and society.

The Defense Department is to report on the economic impact
of increasing the price of tobacco products in commissaries
and exchanges and of including State and local taxes in the
price of tobacco products. The Department is also required
to inform the Committees of the status of an internal Defense
Department proposal to discontinue the sale of cigarettes in
commissaries.

Introduced in the 100th Congress, S. 868 would require the
Secretary of Agricufture and the Secretary of Commerce to
conduct a joint study of commodities and products that may
be produced and marketed in conjunction with the production
of tobacco. S. 471 would amend title 10 of the United States
Code to revise the method for pricing tobacco productsforsale
in commissaries, exchanges, and ships' stores.

H.R. 259 was introduced in the 99th session of Congress to
amend the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 to prohibit air carriers
from dispensing alcoholic beverages and tobacco products
without charge to passengers.

Five bills addressed restrictions on importing tobacco; one in
the 98th session, three in the 99th session, and one in the
100th session of Congress. S. 67 and H.R. 1022, both intro-
duced in the 99th session, would amend the Agricultural
Adjustment Act of 1938 to prohibit the importation of tobacco
that has been grown or processed using pesticides and other
chemicals whose use has been prohibited in this country for
health reasons; H.R. 6418 introduced in the 98th session,
addressed the same issue. H.R. 1137 would impose restric-
tions on the quantity of foreign unmanufactured tobacco that
may be imported into the United States. In the 100th Con-
gress, S. 969 would impose quotas on certain products of the
Republic of Korea until the Republic of Korea fully opens its
markets to cigarettes produced in the United States.

Taxation

Over 43 bills applicable to the taxation of cigarettes and
smokeless tobacco were introduced in the House and Senate
during the 99th and 100th sessions of Congress. Seventeen
bills attempted to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1954
to increase the Federal excise tax on cigarettes. Some of
these bills would distribute increased tax revenues to the
general fund, the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund
under the Social Security Act, and to research on tobacco-
related diseases; others would fund the Medicare and
Medicaid programs and attempt to reduce the Federal deficit.

The Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982
(TEFRA), which amended Section 5701 of the Internal
Revenue Code, increased the Federal excise tax on cigarettes
from 8 to 16 cents per pack of 20 cigarettes. Afthough several
bills were passed into law extending the period of expiration
for the tax increase, Public Law 99-272, passed in December
1985, instituted the 16~ -per-pack tax rate increase. During
the 100th Congress, five bills were introduced to increase the
tax rate on cigarettes: four of the bills (HR. 2104, H.R. 493,
H.R. 260 and S. 447) would increase the tax rate to 32 cents
per pack; H.R. 1233 would increase the rate to 40 cents per
pack. S. 447 would also increase the tax rate on snuff and
chewing tobacco to 8 cents per pack.

During the 99th session of Congress, three bills were intro-
duced pertaining solely to smokeless tobacco: H.R. 3064
would impose an excise tax on smokeless tobacco products
with tax revenues allocated to the Medicaid program; H.R.
3078, broader in scope, would establish a Federal program to
assist states in implementing programs on the dangers of
smokeless tobacco and imposes an excise tax of 32 cents on
all smokeless tobacco products. Proceeds from this tax would
be used to establish a trust fund for cancer research and
educational programs on smokeless tobacco and would

65


disallow a deduction for expenses incurred in advertising
smokeless tobacco. Senate bill 1782 would impose a $1.25
excise tax per pound on snuff and 40 cents per pound on
chewing tobacco.

Four bills introduced in the 100th Congress would amend the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to disallow deductions for
advertising and promotional expenses for tobacco
products: H.R. 2607, H.R. 1563, H.R. 3503 and S. 446. H.R.
581 would amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to allow
individuals and corporations to treat qualified no-net cost
tobacco expenditures as a deductable expense.

Health and Safety Regulations

In the 98th Congress, two bills (H.R. 3979 and S. 772) were
introduced to establish an Interagency Committee on Smok-
ing and Health to coordinate smoking-related activities Nation-
ally. These bills, which were previously discussed, were
passed into Public Law 98-474.

One bill introduced in the 99th session entitled "Medicare Part
B Premiums Nonsmoking Discounts" would provide a dis-
count for nonsmokers participating in the Medicare program.

In the 100th Congress, H.R. 3440 cited as "Fire Safe Cigarette
Act of 1987" and S. 1763 "An Act to Reduce Fires Caused by
Cigarettes" would direct the Secretary of Health and Human
Services to issue a fire safety standard for cigarettes to reduce
the risk of ignition presented by cigarettes.

H.R. 2376 is an act to amend the Consumer Product Safety
Act by removing the section exempting tobacco and tobacco
products from the consumer Product Safety Commission's
jurisdiction.

Summary

The following is a list of the Congressional bills passed into
Federal law during the 98th and 99th Congress pertaining to
smoking and the use of tobacco products. Although the 100th
Congress continues through 1988, H.J.R. 395 was passed
into law during the 100th Congress in December 1987.

o Comprehensive Smoklng Education Act, Public Law
98-474,98th Congress, October 1984. One of several
health warning labels is required to be displayed on all
packages of cigarettes manufactured, sold or distributed,
and on all advertisements of cigarettes within the United
States, excluding outdoor billboards. Location and for-
mat of these labels are specified. The Federal Cigarette
Labeling and Advertising Act is amended. In addition,
each cigarette manufacturer, packager or importer shall
submit annually to the Secretary of Health and Human
Services a confidential list of cigarette additives (in-
gredients), either directly or by adesignated entity, which
does not name eitherthe manufacturer of the additives or
the brand of cigarettes using the additives.  Based on this
information, the Secretary may submit to Congress a
report summarizing on-going and proposed research on
the health effects of cigarette additives, and in particular,
discuss any ingredient the Secretary judges to pose
health risks to cigarette smokers or to be of public interest.
Finally, an Interagency Committee on Smoking and
Health is established to increase the availability of

information on the health consequences of smoking.
Federal and private research and education activities
regarding the health hazards of smoking will be coor-
dinated through this effort.

o Nurse Education Amendments of 1985, Publlc Law
QQ-92,QQth Congress, August 1985. The Secretary of
Health and Human Services is directed to make grants
and contracts available for specified demonstration
projects and for the education and training of nurses in
the subject of smoking and health. This law amends the
Public Health Service Act.

o The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconclllatlon
Act (COBRA), Public Law 99-272, 99th Congress,
April 1986, and the laws amending the Tax Equity and
Fiscal Responsblllty Act of 1982 (TEFRA): The Emer-
gency Extension Act of 1985, Public Law QQ-107,QQth
Congress, September 1985, and Public Laws 99-181,
99-l 89 & 94201,QQth Congress, December 1985. The
Federal excise tax on cigarettes is increased from 8 to 16
cents per pack of cigarettes. This increase is based
according to weight per thousand, which is calculated to
an amount per package.

o Comprehensive Smokeless Tobacco and Health
Education Act of 1986, Public Law QQ-252,QQth Con-
gress, February 1986. The Secretary of Health and
Human Services, through the Office on Smoking and
Heafth and in consultation with the Secretary of Educa-
tion, medical and public heath entities, consumer groups
and other appropriate entities, is directed to develop
educational programs, materials and public service an-
nouncements on the health hazards associated with
smokeless tobacco. These items will be made available
to States, local governments, and school systems. In
addition, through the Surgeon General of the United
States, the Secretary of Health and Human Services will
submit a biennial report to Congress concerning the
smokless tobacco activities undertaken and recommend-
ing legislation and administrative action. The law also
requires that all packages of smokeless tobacco
manufactured, sold, and distributed within the United
States must display one of several health risk warning
labels. Location and format of the display of these labels
are specified. Smokeless tobacco companies are re-
qured to provide the Secretary of Health and Human
Services with a confidential list of smokeless tobacco
additives and the nicotine contet of smokeless tobacco
brands.

o Prohibition Against Smoking on Scheduled Flights
and Tampering with Smoke Alarm Devices, Public
Law 100-202, 100th Congress, December 1987. lt is
unlawful to smoke in the passenger cabin or lavatory on
any flight scheduled for less than a two-hour duration.
The Secretary of Transportation isdirected to promulgate
regulations to carry out this provision. Twenty-eight
months after enactment of this law, this provision will
expire. Indirectly, this law led to a ban on smoking on
commuter rail lines serving New York City. The law
theatened to withhold Federal funds to the New York
Metropolitan Transportation Authority unless smoking
was banned on the Long Island Railroad.

66


I.

II.

III.

IV.

Limitations on Smoking
in Public Places

Regulation of Sate to
and Use of Tobacco
Products by Minors

  House      - lOOth-     Senate
.

Schools and School        House
Health Education     HR. 4851

Regulation of
Advertising Practices

              TABLE 1.
  Leglslatlon Introduced During the 98th-100th
Sessions of Congress wlth Regard to Smoklng and Health

    House
H R 4395
H:R: 4395
H.R. 4955
H.R.  5507
H.R.  6217

    House

    House
h R 395"
H:R:   432
H.R.  1008
H.R.  1078
H.R.  2040
H.R.  3018
H.R.  3377

-98th-      Senate

-99th-      Senate
      s
   s:  140
   19:7

-lOOttl-     Senate
      S
    S:R.   51
          154

-98th-

Senate

    House    -`99th -      Senate
RR 380 H R 2370" S 15/4a
H:R: 3510'  H:R: 2950'
H.R. 3769"

    House
kR 3658'

    House
hR 6043
H:R: 3979"

- lOOth-     Senate

-98th-      Senate

      s. 772"

  House      -99th-      Senate
. .         .        s. 1950

H.R. 3510'   H.R. 760    S. 1116
H.R. 2835              s. 1574"

   House
HR t272

-lOOth-     Senate
     s.

H.R. 1532
H.R. 1563'
H.R. 2606'
H.R. 3603'
H.Res. 286
H.J.R. 271

V. Commerce

   House      - 98th -      Senate
. .  6418

  House      -wth-     Senate
.    9              S. 67

H.R. 1022         i. 1418
H.R. 1137
H.R. 3629

VI. Taxation

    House
FIR 1218
H:R: 3294

-lOOth-     Senate
      s 471
    s: 868

KFr
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.
H.R.

House
1053

951
844
236
1200
1561
1594
3788
1826
2600
3039
1421
2548

   -99th-
HR
H:R: %:
H.R. 3451
H.R. 3452"
H.R. 3722
H.R. 3918"
H.R. 3981"
H.R. 3992
H.R. 3993
H.R. 3994
H.R. 3996
H.R. 4006"
H.R. 1825

s.   969

  Senate
s
s: i;:
S.  1205
S.  1712
S.  1732
s.  1833
S.  1782

    House
HR
H:R: z
H.R. 581
H.R. 1233
H.R. 2104
H.R. 1563'
H.R. 2606'
H.R. 3503'

-lOOth-     Senate
      S 446
    s: 447

VII. Health and           House
Safety Regulations H.R. 3919"

-98th-      Senate
      s. 772"

House

-wth-     Senate
     s. 351

   House
HR 2376
H:R: 3440

-lOOth-     Senate
      S. 1763

*  Catagorized under more than one topic in text.
`* Passed into law

67


State Legislation

Within the past two years, due to increasing evidence of the
health hazards associated with environmental tobacco
smoke, State l&gislatures have been focusing on limiting
smoking in public places, specifically in the workplace. Inform-
ing the general public about the health hazards of cigarette
smoking and tobacco use has also been a major focus of State
and bcal legislative efforts.

All 50 States and the District of Columbia have enacted
legislation pertaining to the sale or use of tobacco products.
The laws vary from State to State and range from restrictions
on smoking in public places to the distribution of the sales tax
on tobacco products. For purposes of analysis, the major
smoking and tobacco laws have been categorized by content
in the following subject areas: Limitations on Smoking in
Public Places; Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco
Products by Minors; Schools and School Health Education;
Regulation of Advertising Practices; Commerce; Taxation;
and Health and Safety Regulations.

Limitations on Smoking In Public Places
In recognition of the public health hazards of secondhand
smoke, the majority of States and the District of Columbia have
enacted legislation to protect the rights of nonsmokers.
Various enclosed or indoor areas frequented by or accessible
to the general public are required to implement strict regula-
tions to prohibit smoking in certain areas and are required to
post signs designating smoking and nonsmoking areas. As
noted in Figure l,, the restrictions vary in degree from State
to State.

The most comprehensive legislation of this nature has been
adopted by the States of Alaska, Connecticut, Florida, Maine,
Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, Utah, and
Washington. These States, classified as having extensive
restrictions on smoking (See Figure l.), prohibit or restrict
smoking to designated areas in vehicles of public transporta-
tion, health care facilities, offices of health care practitioners,
passenger elevators, cultural and recreational facilities,
educational facilities, retail stores, restaurants, government
buildings, public meetings, offices, and private workplaces.

Moderate restrictions are less extensive in that they do not
regulate or restrict smoking in private workplaces.  Basic
restrictions include States regulating smoking in four or more
areas, and States classified as nominal restrict smoking in one
to three areas. While Georgia's criminal code specifically
prohibits smoking on public transportation and in elevators
only, it also prohibits smoking in any public area where a
no-smoking sign is posted. Mississippi restricts smoking on
public transit, South Carolina prohibits smoking on school
buses, and Louisiana prohibits smoking in the arena of the
Superdome. These States, along with Arkansas, Delaware,
Kentucky, Vermont, and West Virginia, are designated as
having nominal regulations in Figure 1. Seven States do not
have any current laws that would restrict or regulate smoking
in public places. (See Table 1.)

          TABLE 1.
STATES THAT DO NOT IMPOSE ANY LIMITS
  ON SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES

Alabama
Illinois
Missouri
North Carolina

Tennessee
Virginia
Wyoming

Smoking is most commonly prohibited or restricted in public
transportation vehicles, health care offices and facilities, and
elevators. Thirty-seven jurisdictions regulate smoking on
publicconveyances and in hospitals, nursing homes and other
health care facilities, and 30 jurisdictions regulate smoking in
passenger elevators. Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii,
Maryland, New Jersey, Utah, and Washington specifically
prohibit smoking in transportation terminals.

Many States have also taken steps to curtail or prohibiismok-
ing in indoor cultural and recreational facilities such as
libraries, museums, theaters, galleries, arenas, and
auditoriums. Lb,len smoking is permitted, it is confined to an
area that the proprietor, or person in control of the facility, has
designated and posted as a smoking area.

Smoking in school buildings and on school grounds is regu-
lated by 32 States. These regulations restrict smoking for
students, school personnel, and others with access to the
educational facilities. Less than half of the States prohibit
smoking in the public areas of supermarkets, grocery stores,
or other retail stores, or require restaurants to establish non-
smoking sections for their customers. In the past two years,
seven States passed legislation requiring restaurant owners
to dedicate a portion of their establishment for nonsmoking
patrons and to post signs indicating the area designated for
smokers. Colorado does not restrict smoking in restaurants
or taverns, but does encourage establishments to seat non-
smokers away from smokers. In addition, public places that
sell or serve food are required to post signs at or inside their
entrances indicating whether separate seating provisions
have been made for nonsmokers. In the State of Washington,
no public place (other than a bar, tavern, bowling alley, tobac-
co shop, or restaurant) may be designated as a smoking area
in its entirety.

Twenty-nine States restrict smoking in publicbuildingsowned,
leased, or operated by governmental entities, and 23 States
prohibit or restrict smoking in public meetings. The States of
Alaska, Florida, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Oregon, and
South Dakota also prohibit smoking in jury deliberation rooms.

Many States are encouraging employers to establish worksite
smoking policies to protect the rights of the nonsmokers and

68



to provide for a smoke-free workplace. Twenty-one jurisdic-
tions, which include the District of Columbia, have legislation
governing smoking in offices and other workplaces. In some
States this legislation applies only to workplaces controlled by
the State or other governmental entity, while in others the
legislation applies to both public and private employers. (See
Table 2.)

TABLE 2.

  STATES RESTRICTING SMOKING
IN OFflCES AND OTHER WORKPLACES

Alaska
California
Connecticut
Florida
Indiana
Maine
Michigan
Minnesota
Montana
Nebraska

`Effective 7m38

New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
North Dakota
Ohio
Oregon
Utah
Vermont o
Washington
Wisconsin

California requires that State departments employing more
than 50 workers adopt a written policy recognizing the rights
of nonsmokers to a smoke-free environment in meetings and
at individual work stations. New Mexico requires State agen-
cies and political subdivisions that employ more than 15
individuals to establish and implement written smoking
policies and to provide a smoke-free environment to
employees who request one. Washington prohibits smoking
in office reception areas and waiting rooms of any buildings
owned or leased by the State, counties, cities, or other
municipalities. Ohio prohibits smoking in all State office build-
ings, except in designated areas. New Hampshire and
Oregon impose the same restrictions in all government off ices.

Alaska prohibits smoking in all places of employment, public
or private, where a no-smoking sign is posted. Florida, Min-
nesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Utah, and Wiscon-
sin restrict smoking to designated areas in offices and other
public places serving as workplaces. In addition, Florida
requires that, upon request, employers provide employees
with workspaces that are not within a designated smoking
area.

The statutes of Connecticut and New Jersey mandate that
employers of more than 50 people establish and post written
rules regarding smoking and nonsmoking within their busi-
ness facilities. Maine requires that employers of one or more
persons establish written policies concerning smoking and
nonsmoking by employees and that they prohibit smoking,
except in designated areas. Colorado does not directly regu-
late smoking in the workplace. However, it encourages those
in charge of offices and commercial establishments to
designate nonsmoking areas phys;cally separated from the
working environments where other employees smoke.

Several States also impose restrictions on smoking in
workplaces not usually frequented by the general public.
Minnesota, Nebraska, and Utah have directed their State
health departments to establish rules to prohibit or restrict
smoking in factories, warehouses, and similar places of work
where the inadequacy of ventilation or the close proximity of
workers causes smoke pollution detrimental to the health and
comfort of nonsmoking employees.

Nevada prohibits smoking in any millorother building in which
a no-smoking sign is conspicuously posted over each principal
entrance. Similarly, West Virginia prohibits smoking in any
factory, mercantile establishment, mill, or workshop where a
no-smoking sign is conspicuously placed over and near each
principal entrance.

In Pennsylvania and Kentucky, prison officials have the dis-
cretion to eithergrant or withhold permission to smoke inorder
to control inmate behavior. Pennsylvania law provides that
prisoners may be allowed to smoke as a reward for good
conduct, but states that prisoners may not be deprived of the
right to smoke for longer than two weeks. In Kentucky, prison
wardens are authorized to permit or prohibit smoking by
inmates whenever they believe such regulation will enhance
or improve the discipline of the inmates.

Not only do the States differ dramatically in regulating areas
where smoking is restricted, but they also impose different
forms of punishment for violations. In most cases, violations
are punishable by a small fine. Fines of $25 or less are
imposed in Connecticut, Delaware, Kansas, Pennsylvania,
and Vermont. Kentucky and West Virginia impose the lowest
fines: $1 to $5 for smoking on school grounds or in school
buildings: Hawaii has the highest with fines up to $500 for
initial violations of smoking in public places.  Arkansas,
California, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Massachusetts, Montana,
Nevada, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and Oregon
impose fines of up to $100 for violating laws restricting smok-
ing. Higher fines, from $100 to $300, are imposed by Alaska,
Maryland, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and the District of
Columbia for failing to comply with the restrictions on smoking
in public places. Rhode Island increased the penalty from $20
to $250 for each offense.

Injunctive relief may be granted for violating smoking restric-
tions in Alaska, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, and
Wisconsin. Idaho, Michigan, Massachusetts, New Jersey,
and New York can imprison offenders for violation of the
smoking laws. A number of States do not specify the penalty
in the prohibiting statutes, but instead characterize the viola-
tion as either a misdemeanor or petty offense. These States
include Arizona, Florida, Mississippi, Ohio, South Dakota,
Texas, Utah, and Washington,

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors
The sale or distribution of cigarettes or tobacco products to
minors is regulated by 45 jurisdictions, including the District of
Columbia. (See Figure 2.) Missouri does not impose restric-
tions at the State level, but permits cities, towns, and
municipalities to enact ordinances prohibiting the sale to or
use of cigarettes by minors. Six States do not regulate the
sale or distribution of tobacco products to minors. (See Table
3.)

70


           TABLE 3.
STATES WITHOUT RESTRICTIONS ON SALE TO
OR USE OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS BY MINORS

Kentucky            New Mexico
Louisiana           Wisconsin
Montana          Wyoming

In the past two years, seven States specifically added smoke-
less tobacco in the laws pertaining to the safe and or use of
tobacco products to minors. Kansas prohibits only the sale of
cigarettes to minors. The other State statutes have much
broader prohibitive language and randomly outlaw the sale or
furnishing, or both, of cigars, cigarettes, snuff, chewing tobac-
co, smokeless tobacco, smoking material, and tobacco in any
form to minors. Twenty-one States also prohibit the sale or
furnishing of cigarette wrapping papers and other smoking
paraphernalia to minors.

The majority of States prohibiting the sale of cigarettes or other
tobacco products to minors define a minor as anyone under
the age of 18 years. In the past two years, seven States
passed legislation pertaining to the age of minors. Colorado,
Georgia, New Hampshire, and Virginia all passed legislation
establishing the age of minority as it pertains to tobacco
products. Three States increased the age to 18 years:
Hawaii, Indiana, and Massachusetts. Hawaii increased the
age from 15 to 18 years of age. Nine jurisdictions define a
minor as anyone under the age of 16 years, and five define a
minor as 17 years of age or younger. Alabama and Utah
prohibit such sales to anyone under the age of 19 years. (See
Table 4.)

           TABLE 4.
AGES OF MINORS PERTAINING TO THE SALE OF
TOBACCO PRODUCTS ACCORDING TO STATE

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
ArkarISaS
Califonia
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Mahle
Maryland
Massachuselk
Michigan
Minnesota
Mksksippi
MiSSOUri

19
16
1%
18
18
16
16
17
16
16
17
10
18
18
18
10
18
.

*

18
16
16
16
18
18
10

Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Ckq0n
Pennsylvania
Rhode kland
South Carolina
South Dakok
TenMSSee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wlscansin
Wyoming

.

18
18
18
16
*

18
17
18
10
18
18
16
16
18
18
18
16
19
17
16
18
10
.

.

*Age of minors is not specified for cigarette or tobacco use.

The penalties for violation of the laws relating to selling or
furnishing tobacco products to minors vary from State to State.
In 14 States, such offenses are punishable only by a fine. In
the remaining jurisdictions, such offenses are punishable by
fine, imprisonment, or both. The heaviest penalties are im-
posed by Kansas: anyone convicted of the offense of selling
cigarettes to a person under 18 years of age in Kansas is
subject to a fine of not more than $1000 or imprisonment for
not more than one year, or both.

In addition to prohibiting the sale or furnishing of cigarettes or
other tobacco products to minors, 13 States prohibit the use
or possession, or both, of such products by minors. Minors
found guilty of using or possessing tobacco are punishable by
a fine in Idaho, Illinois, Rhode Island, and West Virginia, and
by a fine or imprisonment, or both in Kansas, Michigan, and
Tennessee. Louisiana does not specifically prohibit the use
of tobacco by minors, but does authorize public school prin-
cipals to suspend any student who uses tobacco in school
buildings, on school property, or in school buses. In the
remaining six States, the use of tobacco by a minor is clas-
sified as either a misdemeanor or petty offense with no specific
penalty described in the statute.

Neither Iowa nor Oklahoma make possession of cigarettes by
a minor a punishable offense. However, any minor under 18
years of age who has cigarettes or cigarette papers in his
possession and who refuses to give information at the request
of any peace officer, juvenile court officer, truant officer, or
teacher as to where the articles were obtained, is guilty of a
misdemeanor. Florida does not make possession of cigaret-
tes or cigarette materials by a minor a punishable offense.
Nonetheless, minors who have or have had cigarettes in their
possession may be summoned by sheriffs, deputies, and
police officers and compelled to testify in court as to where
and from whom they obtained such articles.

Minors charged with violation of the law prohibiting smoking
or possession of cigarettes or other tobacco products in
Nebraska and West Virginia may obtain immunity from
prosecution or punishment upon disclosure of the identity of
the person or firm from whom they obtained the cigarettes or
tobacco products.

Twelve States require dealers, distributors, or vendors of
cigarettes or other tobacco products to post notice at the point
of sale that the sale to or purchase of such products by minors
is prohibited by law. Idaho, Maine, and Utah go further by
forbidding any person to maintain a tobacco vending machine
accessible to minors. Violation of this restriction is a mis-
demeanor. Colorado has passed legislation to specifically
include "smokeless tobacco" as a product prohibited for dis-
tribution to minors through vending machines. New
Hampshire imposes a $25 fine forthe sale of tobacco products
to minors through a vending machine.

Utah and Michigan also make liable any persons who permit
minors to smoke on their property. In Utah, it is a mis-
demeanor for the proprietor of any place of business to know-
ingly permit minors to use tobacco on his or her premises. In
Michigan, anyone who knowingly harbors or grants a minor
the privilege of gathering on his or her property for the purpose
of indulging in the use of cigarettes is subject to punishment
by fine or imprisonment.

71


72


Schools and School Health Education

Concern for the health and welfare of their residents has
prompted 19 States to require elementary and secondary
schools to include instruction on the dangers associated with
tobacco use as part of their health education programs.

Alabama, Connecticut, and Oklahoma have directed their
departments of education to establish and implement in-ser-
vice training programs to educate teachers, school ad-
ministrators, and other school personnel about the effects of
nicotine or tobacco use. These programs also provide instruc-
tion on the methods and materials necessary for effective
instruction in prevention of drug abuse.

All educational institutions in Minnesota that provide teacher
training must offer programs in the personal use, misuse of,
and dependency on tobacco. Students must take and pass
the program. Connecticut law dictates that universities that
train teachers must provide instruction on the effects of
nicotine and tobacco use on health, character, citizenship, and
personality development and the best methods for instructing
students on these topics. Connecticut will not grant a certifi-
cate to teach or supervise in any public school to any person
who has not passed an examination on the effects of nicotine
and tobacco use.

California and Florida have no specific statutory provisions for
mandatory instruction on the effects of tobacco use in elemen-
tary and secondary schools. Both States, however, require
that upon adoption of instructional materials for use in the
schools, school boards shall include only instructional
materials that portray accurately the physical effects of tobac-
co use.

Florida's Cancer Control and Research Act provides that
proven causes of cancer, including smoking, should be
publicized and made the subject of educational programs for
the prevention of cancer. These programs are to be made
available to all citizens of the State.

In Arkansas, California, Connecticut, lowa, Louisiana, Mas-
sachusetts, New Jersey, and Texas, legislatures have taken
a hard line on the useof tobacco products by students in public
schools. In Iowa, the school board may suspend or expel any
student who violates the rule prohibiting the use of tobacco.
In California and Louisiana, school principals are authorized
to suspend any student who uses tobacco in school buildings,
on school grounds, or in school buses. Violations by juveniles
in New Jersey are within the jurisdiction of the municipal court.

Arkansas law prohibits smoking in public schools unless in a
designated area and only then by nonstudents over the age
of 18 years. Connecticut and Massachusetts prohibit smoking
on school grounds during school hours. Students in Texas are
prohibited from smoking at any school related or sanctioned
activity on or off school property.

Regulation of Advertising Practices

In addition to the above-noted restrictions on smoking and
tobacco use, there are a number of statutory provisions that
are unique to individual States. For example, Minnesota
forbids persons running for public office from distributing
cigarettes to voters. Utah prohibits cigarette advertising on
billboards, streetcars, buses, or any other displays, but does
permit cigarette dealers to post signs in front of their

businesses indicating that they are cigarette dealers. Califor-
nia prohibits any firm manufacturing smokeless tobacco in the
State to underwrite or sponsor any professional or amateur
sporting event in the State. Violation is a misdemeanor
punishable by a fine of up to $500.

Delaware and Utah passed legislation requiring containers of
smokeless tobacco to carry warning labels. Illinois and West
Virginia passed legislation requiring outdoor billboards adver-
tising smokeless tobacco to carry health warnings of the
product. North Carolina amended their promotion statutes as
they pertain to flue-cured tobacco.

Commerce

Several States impose restrictions on the manufacturing of
tobacco products in the home. These laws ensure com-
pliance with the labor standards and regulations adopted for
the industry and protect the health and.welfare of industrial
homeworkers. To safeguard the health and morals of minors,
seven States prohibit the employment of minors to manufac-
ture, pack, or sell tobacco products.

Texas passed legislation to prohibit neighborhood con-
venience stores from selling cigarette papers without the
additional purchase of loose tobacco.

In recognition of the serious health hazards posed by the
smoking of clove cigarettes, four States including Maryland,
Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah prohibit the sale of these
cigarettes. Violation of these provisions constitutes a mis-
demeanor. Florida prohibits the sale, use, possession, gift, or
other disposition of cigarettes or other products designed for
smoking made in whole or in part from cloves, clove oil, or any
derivative of those substances. (See Table 5.)

         TABLE 5.
STATES PROHIBITING SALE OR USE OF
      CLOVE CIGARElTES

Florida
Maryland
Nevada

New Mexico
Utah

Michigan and Massachusetts explicitly prohibit the sale of
adulterated cigarettes. Massachusetts also makes it a crime
to sell exploding cigars or cigarettes. While not criminally
prohibiting the sale of adulterated cigarettes, New York
provides litigants with a model civil complaint form to be filed
against the seller of adulterated cigarettes.

The retail price of a package of 20 cigarettes (as of November
1, 1986) including Federal and State excise taxes and State
sales taxes (but not municipal taxes), ranged from a low of
90.5 cents in Kentucky to a high of $1.34 in Washington. (The
Tobacco Institute, The Tobacco Tax Burden: Historical
Compilation, 1986, vol. 21.)

Several jurisdictions regulate tobacco use by persons com-
mitted to State institutions. In Minnesota, it is illegal to furnish
cigarettes to prison inmates without permission from the Com-
missioner of Corrections. West Virginia prohibits giving or
selling tobacco products to State mental hospital patients and
to girls committed to "industrial homes" without permission of

73


the superintendent. lt is a misdemeanor in New Jersey to sell
tobacco to reformatory inmates. Conversely, South Carolina
donates confiscated cigarettes (where the dealer failed to pay
taxes) to mental patients in State facilities.

Taxation

All States tax cigarettes, and all States, with the exception of
West Virginia, require that persons obtain licenses before
engaging in the business of distributing, retailing, wholesaling
or manufacturing cigarettes, and other tobacco products. In
most cases, the licensing provisions are mechanisms by
which the States can police the collection of cigarette taxes.

North Carolina has the lowest tax rate per pack of cigarettes
and Minnesota the highest, 2 cents and 38 cents, respectively.
(See Figure 3.) Nineteen States raised their cigarette taxes
between 1985 and 1987. Even with these increases at the
State level and the temporary increase from 8 cents to 16
cents per pack imposed at the Federal level, taxes amounted
to only 29.9 percent of the average retail price for all States in
1986. In 1965, the combined Federal and State taxes con-
stituted 51.4 percent of the average retail price. (The Tobacco
Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobacco: Historical Compilation,
1986 pp. 64-96.) From 1954 to 1976, the combined Federal
and State taxes accounted for more than 40 percent of the
retail price of cigarettes. Since tha! time, the combined tax as
a percentage of retail price has remained below 40 percent.
The ratio was lowest in 1982 when the combined Federal and
State taxes were only 26.8 percent of the average retail price
of cigarettes (Ibid. pp. 92). (See Table 6.)

Alaska, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Nebraska, and New Jer-
sey channel a portion of their cigarette tax revenues into
health-and cancer-related programs. Kentucky credits one-
half cent of its per-pack tax revenues to the University of
Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute to finance
tobacco research programs and projects on the health
hazards created by tobacco use.

Atihough Louisiana has no laws or pending legislation to
control smoking in public places (except prohibiting smoking
in the arena of the Superdome), it does devote $1 million
annually from its cigarette tax revenues to the Cancer and
Lung Trust Fund. The fund is used solely to finance cancer
research, research on cardiopulmonary diseases, and clinical
investigation and training in the field of cancer and cardiopul-
monary diseases. New Jersey also deposits $1 million of its
annual cigarette tax revenues into the New Jersey State
Commission on Cancer Research.

Nebraska sets aside 1 cent per pack of the special privilege
tax assessed against distributors and wholesalers of cigaret-
tes to fund the Nebraska Cancer Research Fund. Monies
from the fund are earmarked exclusively for grants and con-
tracts for research of cancer and smoking diseases. Eligibility
to apply for and receive the grants and comracts is limited to
the University of Nebraska and other post-secondary
institutions having colleges of medicine in Nebraska.

Cigarette tax revenues are also appropriated to fund Idaho's
Cancer Control Account. These funds are spent on contract-
ing for and obtaining services that will promote cancer control
for the citizens of Idaho through research, education, screen-
ing, and treatment. Finally, Alaska allocates tax revenues in

TABLE 6.

STATE ClGARElTE TAX RATE CHANGES
     FROM JULY 1,195O
  THROUGH DECEMBER 1,1987

Year
first
enacted

Alabama         1927      3.0       16.5
Alaska          1949      3.0       16.0
Arizona          1933      2.0       15.0
Arkansas         1925      4.0      21 .o
California         1959      0.0       10.0
Colorado         1964      0.0      20.0
Connecticut       1935      3.0       26.0
Delaware         1949      2.0       14.0
District of Columbia   1949      1.0       17.0
Florida           1943      5.0       24.0
Georgia          1923      5.0       12.0
Hawaii           1939     2.9       30.0
Idaho           1945      3.0       18.0
Illinois           1941      3.0       20.0
Indiana          1947      3.0       15.5
Iowa            1921      2.0       26.0
Kansas          1927      3.0       24.0
Kentucky         1936      2.0        3.0
Louisiana         1926      8.0       16.0
Maine           1941      4.0      28.0
Maryland         1958      0.0       13.0
Massachussetts     1939      5.0       26.0
Michigan         1947      3.0      21.0
Minnesota        1947      4.0       38.0
Mississippi        1930      4.0       18.0
Missouri          1955      0.0       13.0
Montana         1947      2.0       16.0
Nebraska        1947      3.0      27.0
Nevada          1947      3.0       20.0
New Hampshire     1939      2.5       17.0
New Jersey       1948      3.0      27.0
New Mexico       1943      4.0       15.0
New York         1939      3.0       21.0
North Carolina      1969      0.0        2.0
North Dakota      1925      5.0       27.0
Ohio            1931      2.0       18.0
Oklahoma        1933      5.0      23.0
Oregon          1966      0.0       27.0
Pennsylvania      1935      4.0       18.0
Rhode Island       1939      3.0       25.0
South Carolina      1923      5.0        7.0
South Dakota      1923      3.0       23.0
Tennessee        1925      3.0       13.0
Texas         1931     4.0      26.0
Utah             1923      2.0       23.0
Vermont         1937     4.0       17.0
Virginia          1960      0.0        2.5
Washington       1935      4.0       31.0
West Virginia      1947      1.0       17.0
Wisconsin        1939      3.0      30.0
Wyoming         1951      0.0        8.0

Rate      Rate
(in cents)   (in cents)
July 1,   December 31,
1950      1987

74


.*.
f.
.a.
2.
0
2.
.5
.*.
2.


the amount of 5.5 mills per cigarette to fund health care, health
research, and health promotion and education programs.

Health and Safety Regulations

In an effort to protect the public from negligent activity that
could result in fires, explosions, or the contamination of food,
several States have enacted legislation relating to smoking
and the discarding of smoking materials under potentially
unsafe and unsanitary conditions. The most common legis-
lation of this nature prohibits the discarding of cigarettes or
other smoking materials in or near forest areas. Sixteen
States outlaw such activity. New Jersey, Oregon, and Virginia
have compensatory provisions that make any person who
negligently causes a forest fire liable for the costs of confining,
extinguishing, or suppressing the fire. A smaller number of
jurisdictions also seek to control behavior that may cause a
fire on public or private property by prohibiting persons from
discarding lighted cigarettes, cigars, matches, or other
materials from moving vehicles.

Seventeen States outlaw smoking in the vicinity of flammable
materials such as fireworks, explosives, and petroleum
products. Restriiions on smoking in or near the surface
structure of mines and upon taking smoking materials, such
as matches, pipes, cigars, or cigarettes, into underground
mines are imposed by 14 States. Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky,
and New Mexico permit the person in charge of an under-
ground mine to search anyone entering the mine to prevent

him or her from taking, carrying, or using any smoking
materials therein.

Only nine States prohibit persons from indiscriminately dis-
posing cigarettes or other smoking materials on public or
private property. These laws are designed to control potential
fire hazards and litter.

Five jurisdictions seek to protect the public's health and wel-
fare by banning smoking in food storage or preparation areas.
California outlaws smoking in ice storage areas, while Ok-
lahoma prohibits tobacco use in rooms where dairy products
are unpacked. Idaho, Indiana, and Virginia regulate smoking
in food factories and processing, production, and storage
areas.

California, Illinois, and Massachusetts have organized and
selected special committees or commissions to study and
report on the health findings and social effects pertaining to
smoking and health programs and environmental pollutants.
Ohio and Texas legislatures have stressed their support for a
Smokefree Young America by the Year 2000.

The following is a list of the State laws pertaining to smoking
and the use of tobacco and tobacco products according to
category.

76


STATE LEGISLATION

Alabama

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

9 Furnishing cigarettes, cigarette tobacco or cigarette
paper, or any substitute there of, to minors is prohibited.
On conviction, violators are fined not less than $10 or
more than $50, and may be imprisoned in county jail or
sentenced to hard labor for not more than 30 days.
Reference Date 1896. ALA. CODE Section 13A-12-3
(1975).

o A minor is defined as a person under 19 years of age.
Reference Date 1975. ALA. CODE Section 26-I-l
(1977).

Schools and School Health Education

o The Drug Abuse Education Act mandates the creation of
a comprehensive drug abuse education program for stu-
dents in grades one to twelve. Tobacco is expressly
included. Nonpublic schools must also comply with this
Act. The Act provides for the implementation of in-service
education programs for teachers, administrators, and
other personnel. Reference Date 1969. ALA. CODE Sec-
tions 16-41-l to 16-41-10 (1975).

. The Comprehensive Health Education Act institutes a
health education program, which expressly includes
tobacco. Reference Date 1978. ALA. CODE Section 16-
40-7 (Supp. 1984).

Commerce

o Retailers and wholesalers of tobacco products must ob-
tain a privilege license. Reference Date 1935. ALA.
CODE Sections 40-l 2-72 and 40-l 2-73 (I 977).

Taxatlon

9 The tax rate per pack is 16.5~ and was last changed in
1984. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o A portion of the cigarette tax revenue is reallocated for
the retirement of additional bonds of the State Industrial
Development Authority. Reference Date 1904. ALA.
CODE Section 40-25-23 (Supp. 1987).

Alaska

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking is declared a nuisance and a public health
hazard. Smoking is prohibited in the following areas:
public transportation; elevators; any place operated by
the state, including an office, library, museum, theater,
concert hall, convention hall, gymnasium, swimming
pool, or other place of entertainment or recreation; public
and private schools and preschool or day care facilities;
courtroom or jury rooms; places under control of the state
while a public meeting is in progress; health care facilities
and waiting rooms; food service establishments with
seating capacity of at least 50 persons; grocery stores
and places of employment where the employer posts a
sign prohibiting smoking. Smoking is permitted in smok-
ing sections designated by the person in charge of the
indoor place or vehicle, cabs where the driver and all

passengers consent, and on stage as part of a theatrical
production.

The person in charge of the indoor place or vehicle must
display a "Smoking Prohibited by Law - Maximum Fine
$50" sign, which includes the international symbol for no
smoking. Where asmoking section has been designated,
signs must specify where smoking is allowed and
prohibited.

A person who smokes in a prohibited area is subject to a
civil fine between $10 and $50. A person who is required
to and fails to post smoking and nonsmoking signs is
subject to a civil fine between $20 and $300. Injunctive
relief may also be obtained for repeated violations. Ref-
erence Date 1975. ALASKA STAT. Sections 18.35.300
to 18.35.360 (Supp. 1984).

77


Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o The sale or giving of cigarettes, cigars, or tobacco to one
under I6 is prohibited and constitutes a "violation." Viola-
tions are punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.
Reference Date 1978. ALASKA STAT. Section
11.76.100; ALASKA STAT. Sections 12.55.015,
12.55.035 (1983).

Schools and School Health Education

9 Effective October I, 1985, the health promotion and
education programs funded by the 5 mill excise tax on
cigarettes are to include promoting the implementation of
school health education programs for all grades to en-
hance wellness, good nutrition, and physical and mental
fitness and to encourage the avoidance of unnecessary
health risks, including smoking and the use of alcohol and
other drugs, ALASKA STAT. Section 43.50.190 (1985).

Commerce

o No person may sell, purchase, possess, or acquire
cigarettes as a manufacturer, distributor, vending
machine operator, or buyer without a license. ALASKA
STAT. Section 43.50.010 (I 983).

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 16e and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

9 Effective October 1, 1985, the excise tax of 5 mills on
each cigarette imported or acquired in the state is to be
used principally to fund health care, health research, and
health promotion and education programs. Reference
Date 1961. ALASKA STAT. Section 43.50.190(a) (Supp.
1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

o Throwing a lighted cigarette or other burning material on
forest land during fire season is a misdemeanor punish-
able by a $25 to $500 fine or by imprisonment of from IO
days to six months or both. Operators of sawmills and
public conveyances must post copies of the statutory
provisions. Conveyances operated on forest land must
have suitable disposal receptacles for burning materials.
Reference Date 1961. ALASKA STAT. Sections
41.15.070,41.15.080, & 41.15.140 (1983).

Arizona

Limitations on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking is recognized as a nuisance and a danger to
public health, and is prohibited in elevators, public recrea-
tionalfacilities, buses, health care institutions, publicwait-
ing rooms in health professionals' offices, and in school
buildings. Smoking is, however, permitted in designated
areas. Violation of this section is a petty offense. Refer-
ence Date 1973. ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 36-
601 .Ol (Supp. 1984-1985).

o It is required for state buildings to post rules designating
smoking and nonsmoking areas within buildings and to
prohibit smoking in meeting rooms, classrooms,
restrooms, waiting areas, and half the area of cafeterias
and lounges. It also makes it illegal to smoke in buses,
museums, stores, elevators, hospitals, libraries,
courtrooms, and 50-seat restaurants. Reference Date
1986. ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 36-601.02 (West
Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o The sale or furnishing of cigars, cigarettes or cigarette
papers, and smoking or chewing tobacco to minors is
prohibited. Minors are prohibited from possessing or

accepting cigars, cigarettes or cigarette papers, and
smoking or chewing tobacco. Violation of this section
constitutes a petty offense. Reference Date 1901. ARIZ.
REV. STAT. ANN. Section 13-3622 (1978).

o A minor is defined as a person under I8 years of age.
Reference Date 1972. ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. Section
8-201 (I 974).

Schools and School Health Education

o Schools are required to educate students about the harm-
ful effects of tobacco use. Reference Date 1981. ARIZ.
REV. STAT. ANN. Section 15-712 (1984).

Commerce

o Every person selling tobacco, cigarettes, or cigars must
obtain a license from the Depatiment of Revenue. Refer-
ence Date 1973. ARIZ. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 42-
1 203 (1980).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 156 and was last changed in
1984. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

78


Arkansas

Limitations on Smoking In Public Places              Commerce

o Smoking is prohibited in doctors' or dentists' waiting
rooms, in hospital corridors, nurses' stations, in hospital
rooms other than private patient rooms, in day care
centers licensed by the Human Services Department,
and on school buses. Smoking is permitted in designated
smoking areas. This Act expressly excludes hotels,
motels, and restaurants. Violation of this provision con-
stitutes a misdemeanor punishable by a $10 to $100 fine.
Reference Date 1977. ARK. STAT. ANN. Sections 62-
3701 to 823703 (Supp. 1983); ARK. STAT. ANN. Section
83-925 (Supp. 1985).

o The Heaith Department is provided with more regulatory
control over quality of tobacco products; penalities for
possession of untaxed tobacco products are increased.
Reference Date 1977. ARK. CODE OF 1987 ANN. Sec-
tions 26-57-202, 26-57-207, 26-57-216, 26-l 7-218, 26-
57-248 & 26-57-254 (1987).

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 21e and was last changed in
1983. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o All state agencies are required to take into consideration
both nonsmokers and smokers when establishing and
implementing a smoking policy for the general office
space of each state agency. Reference Date 1987. ARK.
CODE OF 1987 ANN. Section 25-l-102 (Supp. 1987).

. Smoking is prohibited in day care centers licensed by the
Division of Social Services, Human Servic8s Department.
Reference Date 1985. ARK. CODE OF 1987 ANN. Sec-
tion 20-78-217 (1987).

o The enactment of the Tobacco Products Tax Act recog-
nizes that "the smoking of cigarettes is detrimental to the
health of the smoker."The legislative intent and purpose
of the Act is "to provide for the close supervision and
control of the IiWISing of persons to sell Cigarettes in
order to assure that cigarettes are fresh and not con-
taminated...." Reference Date 1977. ARK. STAT. ANN.
Sections 26-57-202,26-57-216,26-57-218 & 26-57-254.

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Any aduit, other than the parent or guardian, is prohibited
from contributing to the delinquency of a minor by furnish-
ing tobacco in any form or cigarette'papers to anyone
under 18 years of age. Violation of this prohibition is a
class A misdemeanor. Reference Dates 1975 and 1929.
ARK. STAT. ANN. Sections 41-2406 & 41-2465 (1977).

o Smokeless tobacco, snuff, and smoking tobacco are
defined as tobacco products and are taxable under 16
percent of the Arkansas Tobacco Products Tax. Refer-
ence Date 1983. ARK. CODE OF 1987 ANN. Sections
26-57-203 8 26-57-208 (Supp. 1987).

Schools and School Health Education

o Every person under the Arkansas Tobacco Products Tax
Act is required to pay the excise tax on tobacco products
and every wholesaler selling cigarette papers shall pay
an excise tax of 25e per package of 32 Sh88tS. Reference
Date 1983. ARK. CODE OF 1987 ANN. Section 26-57-
801 (Supp. 1987).

o Smoking in public schools is prohibited unless in a desig-
nated smoking area provided for non-students over the
age of 18 years. Violation is a misdemeanor punishable
by a fine of $10 to $100. Reference Date 1987. ARK.
CODE OF 1987 ANN. Section 6-21-609 (Supp. 1987).

o In cities separated by the state line, the cigarette tax rate
imposed is the same as the adjoining city across the
Arkansas state line. Reference Date 1983. ARK. CODE
OF 1987 ANN. Section 26-57-208 (1987).

California

Llmitatlons on Smoking In Public Places

o A nonsmoking area of not less than 50 percent of pas-
senger seats is required on trains, airplanes, and street
railroad cars departing from the state. Signs mUSt be
posted designating nonsmoking areas. A violation of this
  section, however, is not a crime. Reference Date 1971.
CAL. PUB. UTIL. CODE Section 561 (west Supp. 1965).

o Bus drivers are prohibited from smoking on buses in
which "young people" riie. Reference Date 1982. CAL.
VEH. CODE Section 12523 (West Supp. 1985).

o School district officials are required to designate smoking
areas for teachers and other school employees who are
prohibited from smoking on school grounds, except in
these designated areas. Effective until January 1, 1989.

79


Reference Date 1982. CAL. EDUC. CODE Sections
35176.5 & 35176.6 (West Supp. 1965).

o Each state department must adopt a policy recognizing
the right Of nonsmokers t0 a "SmOk8-fr88 environment" in
formal and informal meetings and in work stations. Ref-
erence Date 1982. CAL. GOVT. CODE Section 19262
(West Supp. 1985).

o Smoking is prohibited in patient care areas and waiting
rooms of clinics, except in designated smoking areas.
Smoking is prohibited in patient rooms unless all persons
assigned to the room consent. Signs designating smok-
ing and nonsmoking areas must be posted except in
patient rooms. Smoking in prohibiied areas is an infrac-
tion punishable by a fine up to $100. Skilled nursing and
intermediate care facilities are excluded. Reference Date
1980. CAL. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE Sections 1234,
1235(b), 1286 8 1290 (West Supp. 1985).

o Smoking is prohibited on public transportation and is
punishable by fines up to $50 or 20 hours of community
service. Reference Date 1981. CAL. PENAL CODE Sec-
tion 640 (West Supp. 1985).

9 The California Indoor Clean Air Act provides that non-
smokers are entitled to a smoke-free area in public build-
ings during public meetings. Smoking is prohibited during
performances in publicly Owned buildings, except in the
lobby. No such prohibition applies to indoor sporting
events. Nonsmoking areas must be provided in res-
taurants where capacity is 50 or more if the restaurant is
in a publicly OWn8d building. The legislative intent is not
to preempt local regulation of smoking. In fact, the statute
states that "a local governing body may ban completely
the smoking of tobacco." Smoking is prohibited in retail
food production and marketing establishments, except in
designated areas. Reference Date 1976. CAL. HEALTH
& SAFETY CODE Sections 25940 to 25947 (West 1984).

o The regulation of smoking in public places is necessary
to protect the health, safety, welfare, comfort, and en-
vironment of nonsmokers; therefore, smoking of tobacco
or any plant product in any vehicle of the public transit
system is a misdemeanor. Reference Date 1987. CAL.
HEALTH & SAFETY CODE Sections 25948 to 25949.8
(West Supp. 1988).

o A city or county is permitted to enforce its ordinance
regulating the smoking of tobacco in a private residence
that is licensed as a child day care facility during hours of
operation with respect to those areas of the facility where
children are present. Reference Date 1986. CAL.
HEALTH & SAFETY CODE Section 1596.795 (West
Supp. 1988).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

9 Furnishing tobacco, cigarettes, cigarette papers. or any
other preparation of tobacco, or any other smoking instru-
ment or paraphernalia to one under 18 years of age is
prohibited. Violation of this prohibition constitutes a mis-
demeanor. Tobacco dealers and sellers must post a copy
of this Act. Failure to post a copy of the Act is punishable

by a $10 fine for the first violation, and $50 or up to 30
days in jail for subsequent violations. Reference Date
1891. CAL. PENAL CODE Section 308 (West Supp.
1985).

Schools and School Health Education

This section authorizes the selection of instructional
materials on the effects of smoking, along with other
environmental and heafth topics. When adapting instruc-
tional materials for use in the schools, governing boards
shall include only instructional materials that accurately
portray the effects on the human system of the use of
tobacco. Refer&rce Date 1976. CAL. EDUC. CODE Set-
tion 308 (West Supp. 1965).

A community college student may be suspended for
persistently smoking in prohibited areas. Reference Date
1983. CAL. EDUC. CODE Sections 76030 to 76034
(West Supp. 1985).

A pupil may be suspended or recommended for expulsion
if the superintendent or principal of the school determines
that the pupil has, among others, possessed or used
tobacco. This law also repeals the authority of thegovern-
ing board of any school district maintaining a high school
to adopt rules and regulations permitting th8 smoking and
possession of tobacco on the campus of a high school or
while Under the authority of the school principal. Refer-
ence Date 1983. CAL. EDUC. CODE Section 48901
(w8St Supp. 1988).

Flegulatlon of Advertising Practices

.

Any person, firm, or corporation engaged in the manufac-
ture or sale of SmOk8leSS tobacco products within the
state that sponsors or underwrites any professional or
amateur sporting event is guilty of a misdemeanor
punishable by afine of $500. Reference Date 1986. CAL.
BUS. 8 PROF. CODE Section 17537.3 (West Supp.
1987).

Commerce

o Tobacco may not be manufactured at home. Reference
Date 1939. CAL. LAB. CODE Section 2651 (West Supp.
1985).

o A cigarette distributor must obtain a state license for each
place of bUSin8SS at which he or she engages in the
business of distributing cigarettes. CAL. REV. & T. CODE
Section 30 140 (West 1979).

9 Not more than two percent of the discounts granted to
distributors of cigarettes by manufacturers of cigarettes
for cash payments may be used to reduce costs. Refer-
ence Date 1965. CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE Section
17026.5 (West Supp. 1987).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 10~ and was last changed in
1967. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobao
co: Historical Compilation, 7986, ~0121. p. 9.

80


o Sales of cigarettes by the original importer to the licensed
distributor are exempt from the taxes imposed by the
Cigarette Tax Law if they are manufactured outside the
United States. Reference Date 1959. CAL. REV. 8 T.
CODE Section 30105 (West Supp. 1988).

Health and Safety Regulations

. Smoking is prohibited in or around a vehicle carrying
explosives. Violation is punishable as a misdemeanor by
a fine up to $1,000, six months imprisonment, or both.
Reference Date 1959. CAL. VEH. CODE Sections 31614
& 31618 (W8St Supp. 1985).

o Smoking is prohibited within a hazardous fire area. Smok-
ing is prohibited in national forests, except at times and
places designated by U.S. Secretary of Agricufture
regulations. Reference Date 1965. CAL. PUB. RES.
CODE Sections 4255 & 4331 (West 1984).

. Smoking is prohibited in ice-storage rooms as a sanitation
requirement. A violation is punishable by a fine between
$50 and $1,000, six months imprisonment, or both. Ref-
erence Date 1953. CAL. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE
Sections 4004 & 4009 (West 1979 8 Supp. 1985).

o One who carelessly or negligently throws or places a
lighted cigarette on something that may cause a fire is
guilty of a misdemeanor. Reference Date 1939. CAL.
HEALTH 8 SAFETY CODE Sections 13001 (West 1984).

o Discarding a lighted or nonlighted cigarette upon any
highway, sidewalk, or upon any public or private property
is prohibited. Violation is punishable by a mandatory fine
of $20 to $40 for the first conviction, $50 to $1,000 for the

second conviction, and $100 to $1,000 for subsequent
convictions. A second conviction may result in requiring
the offender to pick up litter for not less than four hours;
the third conviction aUthOriZ8S not less than eight hours
of such work. Reference Date 1939. CAL. HEALTH &
SAFETY CODE Section 13002 (West 1984).

9 Restaurant employees are prohibited from smoking
where food is prepared or utensils are cleaned or stored.
Employers must post "No Smoking" signs in working
areas. No penalty is provided under this section. Refer-
ence Date 1961. CAL. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE Sec-
tion 27605 (West Supp. 1985).

o A proclamation pursuant to Section 4423.1 shall not be
issued preventing smoking on public or private land,
unless smoking is specifically banned by proclamation or
county ordinance. Smoking is permitted within areas
where all flammable vegetation has been cleared to
mineral soil, in established public campgrounds, and in
motor vehicles. Reference Date 1976. CAL. PUB. RES.
CODE Section 4423.4 (West 1984).

Colorado

Llmltations on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking is declared to be a "matter of public concern,"
and is prohibited in the following public places: elevators,
hospitals, public buikfings, recreational facilities, public
transportation vehicles, and schools, except in desig-
nated smoking areas. While restaurants, taverns, and
commercial establishments are not covered by the
statute, the legislature expressly encourages owners of
such establishments to designate nonsmoking areas.
Those in charge of public places must post notices desig-
nating smoking and nonsmoking areas. Private busi-
nesses are urged to designate nonsmoking work areas.
Statutory provisions may also be adopted as local regula-
tions. Reference Date 1977. COLO. REV. STAT. Sec-
tions 25-14-101 to 25-l 4-l 05 (1982).

Regu!a?!on of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Any person who knowingly furnishes any cigarettes or
tobacco products to any person under the age of 18 years

People in V8hiCl8S and pedestrians are prohibited from
throwing lighted or unlighted tobacco products onto roads
and adjoining areas. Reference Date 1959. CAL. VEH.
CODE Section 23111 (West 1971).

The State Department of Health Services is requested to
appoint a scientific advisory board to conduct a scientific
study of the causal relationship of lung injuries, fatal and
otherwise, and health problems associated with the
smoking of clove cigarettes. Uncodified. Reference Date
1987.

shall be fined $25. In addition, any person who sells or
offers to sell any smokeless tobacco products by use of
avending machineshall be punished by afine. Reference
Date 1987. COLO. REV. STAT. Section 18-13-121
(Supp. 1988).

Commerce

o ft is unlawful for any Wholesaler to sell or offer cigarettes
for sale without first obtaining a license. Reference Date
1964. COLO. REV. STAT. Section 39-28-l 02 (1974).

Taxation

. The tax rate per pack is 20~ and was last changed in
1986. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilatbn. 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o The time at which the cigarette tax is payable and the
penalties imposed for late payment are Clarified. Refer-
ence Date 1964. COLO. REV. STAT. Section 39-28-l 05
(Supp. 1988).

81


o Penalties are imposed for failure to file cigarette and
tobacco products tax returns when they are due. Refer-
enca Date 1986. COLO. REV. STAT. Sections 39-28-
108,39-28.5-l 06 8 39-28.5-l 10 (Supp. 1987).

taken into the mine. Violation of these provisions is a
misdemeanor. COLO. REV. STAT. Sections 34-29-l 03
& 34-29-l 04 (I 984).

Health and Safety Regulations

9 Taking cigarettes into a mine is prohibited. Mine operators
may search miners if they believe cigarettes are being

Connecticut

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places             Schools and School Health Education

o Smoking is prohibited in government-controlled build-
ings, while a governmental meeting or public school or
college class is in session, public reception or waiting
rooms and health care facilities, except in posted smoking
areas. NOtiC is to be posted at institution entrances.
Patients may request no-smoking rooms. Except in
designated areas, smoking is also prohibited in res-
taurants with seating capacity for more than 75, except
where private social functions are being held, and in
passenger elevators where no-smoking notices are
posted. Smoking is prohibited in any area of a retail food
store open to the general public.

o Violation of these provisions constitutes an infraction.
Restaurants in violation shall have three demerit point
items deducted from their rating score under the commis-
sioner of health services regulations. Reference Date
1974. CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. Section l-21 b (West
Supp. 1988).

The effects of cigarette smoking are to be taught to public
school students. Teacher training institutions must pro-
vide instruction to teachers about the best methods to
educate students concerning the health effects of cigaret-
tes. The State Board of Education and the Board of
Governors, in consultation with the Commissioner of
Mental Health and the State Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Commission, must d8VelOp health education programs
for elementary and secondary schools and for the training
of teachers, administrators, and guidance personnel with
reference to the effects of nicotine or tobacco. Reference
Date 1977. CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. Section lo-19
(West Supp. 1985).

o Smoking is prohibited in buses, railroad cars, and school
buses, unless a special compartment of such vehicle is
designated as a smoking area. The maximum fine for
violation of this section is $25. This is an infraction that
eliminates the necessity of court appearance. Reference
Date 1949. CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. Section 53-198
(1985).

Prospective teachers must pass an examination on the
effects of cigarette smoking before being issued a cetlifi-
cate to teach in the public schools. Reference Date 1977.
CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. s8CtiOn 1 o-i&I (w8St SUpp.
1985).

Commerce

. Employers of more than 50 people must establish and
post written rules regarding smoking in the place of busi-
ness. Such rules must designate smoking and nonsmok-
ing areas. Reference Date 1987. CONN. GEN. STAT.
ANN. Section 31-4Oq (West Supp. 1988).

o Every person engaging in the business of selling cigaret-
tes in the State of Connecticut as a dealer must secure a
license from the Commissioner of Revenue Services.
Reference Date 1949. CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. Section
12-287 (1983).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

* The Commissioner of Revenue Services may refuse or
revoke a license under certain conditions for distributors
under the motor fuels tax, cigarette tax, and alcoholic
beverages tax. Reference Date 1984. CONN. GEN.
STAT. ANN. Sections 12-286, 12-436 & 12-456 (West
Supp. 1988).

. Furnishing tobacco in any form to a person under 16
years of age is prohibited. Violation of this provision is
punishable by a fine up to $25 for the first offense, and
from $25 to $100 for subsequent offenses. Reference
Date 1902. CONN. GEN. STAT. ANN. Section 53-344
(West 1958).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 26@ and was last changed in
1983. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21 I p. 9.

82


Limitations on Smoking in Public Places

o Smoking on public trolleys and buses is punishable by a
fine between $5 and $25. Reference Date 1960. DEL.
CODE ANN. Tile 11, Section 1326 (1979).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o The Family Court has exclusive original criminal jurisdic-
tion over matters that include the furnishing of tobacco to
a child. Furnishing tobacco in any form to one under 17
years of age, except when furnished by the minor's parent
or guardian, is prohibited. Reference Date 1953. DEL.
CODE ANN. Tile 10, Section 922( 14) (1974) and Title
11, Section 1106 (1979).

Regulation of Advertlslng Practices

o Smokeless tobacco products shall not be sold without a
product warning label as required by Federal law. Refer-
ence Date 1953. DEL. CODE ANN. Title 30, Sections
5301 & 5321 (Supp. 1986).

Commerce

o No person shall engage in or conduct the business of
manufacturing, purchasing, selling, consigning, or dis-
tributing tobacco products in the State of Delaware
without having first obtained a license. Reference Date
1953. DEL. CODE ANN. Title 30, Section 5307 (1974).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 14t and was last changed in
1971. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o A tax is imposed on the sale or use of tobacco products
other than cigarettes, including smokeless tobacco and
cigars at a rate of 15 percent of the wholesale price.
Reference Date 1953. DEL. CODE ANN. Title 30, Section
5305 (Supp. 1987).

o The definition of "wholesale price" is clarified to aid in the
enforcement of the tobacco products tax. Reference Date
1953. DEL. CODE ANN. Tile 30, Sections 5301 & 5305
(Supp. 1986).

District of Columbia

Limitations on Smoklng In Public Places

o Inhaling tobacco smoke isdeclared to be a health hazard,
and smoking is prohibited in elevators, selling areas of
retail stores (except tobacco shops), public assembly,
and hearing rooms owned by the government, schools,
public transportation, and health care facilities. "No-
smoking" signs are required to be posted. Violations of
no-smoking provisions are punishable by a $10 to $50
fine for the first offense, and $50 to $100 for subsequent
offenses. Failure to post signs or mutilation of signs is
punishable by a $300 fine. On-site inspection and injunc-
tive relief are also available enforcement options. Refer-
ence Date 1979. D.C. CODE ANN. Sections 6-911 to
6-917(1981).

o Smoking is prohibited on public passenger vehicles seat-
ing 12 or more. Carriers may refuse to transport violators.
Violation is also punishable by a fine of $10 to $50 for the
first offense, and by a fine of $50 to $100, up to 10 days
imprisonment for subsequent violations, or both. Refer-
ence Date 1975. D.C. CODE ANN. Sections 44-223
(b)(l), 44-225 8 44-226 (1981 & Supp. 1985).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco in any form to a
person under 16 years of age is prohibited. Violators are
fined between $2 and $10, or imprisoned for between 5
and 20 days. Reference Date 1891. D.C. CODE ANN.
Section 22-1120 (1981).

Commerce

9 No person shall manufacture for sale, keep for sale, sell
or offer to sell cigarettes, or display cigarettes for sale in
vending machines without first having obtained a license.
Reference Date 1949. D.C. CODE ANN. Section47-2403
(1981).

Taxat ion

. The tax rate per pack is 17e and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

83


Limitations on Smoking in Public Places

o Florida's Clean Indoor Air Act prohibits smoking in public
places or at public meetings except in designated smok-
ing areas. This prohibition does not apply in cases in
which an entire room or hall is used for a private social
function and seating arrangements are under the control
of the sponsor of the function and not of the proprietor or
person in charge of the room or hall.

Public place means the following indoor areas used by
the general public: government buildings; restaurants
that seat more than 50 persons, except restaurants that
designate smoking areas according to customer demand;
retail stores, except a retail store where the primary
business is the sale of tobacco products; public means of
mass transportation and their associated terminals;
elevators; hospitals; nursing homes; educational
facilities; libraries; courtrooms; jury waiting and delibera-
tion rooms; grocery stores; public school buses;
museums; theaters; auditoriums; arenas; recreational
facilities; and places of employment.

Public meeting means all meetings open to the public
including meetingsof homeowner, condominiumor renter
or tenant associations unless such meetings are hekl in
a private residence. Reference Date 1986. FLA. STAT.
ANN. Section 386.201 (Supp. 1986).

. Possession of lighted tobacco products on an elevator is
prohibited, and constitutes a second degree mis-
demeanor. Reference Date 1983. FLA. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tion 823.12 (West Supp. 1985).

o Elevator certificates of operation must contain a
prescribed no-smoking provision. Reference Date 1974.
FLA. STAT. ANN. Section 399.07(d)(3) (West Supp.
1985).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

' Furnishing cigarettes, cigarette wrappers, or any other
tobacco product to minors or compelling them to smoke
is prohibited. Violation is punishable as a second degree
misdemeanor. Law enforcement officials may compel a
minor to testify as to where he or she obtained cigarettes.
Reference Date 1985. FLA. STAT, ANN. Sections 859.06
& 859.07 (Supp. 1986).

. One who furnishes cigarettes to a minor is subject to a
fine up to $500 or imprisonment up to 60 days or both.
Reference Date 1971. FLA. STAT. ANN. Sections
775.082(4)(b) & 775.083(1)(e) (West 1976 & Supp.
1985).

. A minor is defined as a person under 18 years of age.
Reference Date 1973. FLA. STAT. ANN. Section 743.07
(West Supp. 1985).

Florida

Schools and School Health Education

o The State instructional Materials Council's duties include
evaluation and recommendation of materials for schools
about the effects of smoking. When recommending in-
structional materials for use in the schools, each council
shall include only instructional materials that accurately
portray the effects of the use of tobacco on the human
system. To be repealed October 1,199l. Reference Date
1981. FLA. STAT. ANN. Section 23309(4)(b) (West
supp. 1985).

o This section authorizes cancer research, recognizesthat
smoking is a cause of cancer and encourages programs
to educate people on the prevention of cancer. Reference
Date 1979. FLA. STAT. ANN. Section 381.371(2)(c)
(West Supp. 1965).

Commerce

o No person shall engage in the business of selling or
dealing in tobacco products as a distributor in any place
of business in Florida without first having received a
license to engage in such business. FLA. STAT. ANN.
Section 210.35 (West FLA. Session Law Service, Ch,
85-l 41,1985).

o No person shall sell, use, possess, give away, or other-
wise dispose of cigarettes, made in whole or in part from,
or containing cloves, clove oil, eugenol, or any derivative
.  thereof. FIA. STAT. ANN. Section 859.09 (West FLA.
Session Law Service, Ch. 85-l 51,1985).

8 The uniform standards for sales, pricing, advertising of,
and calculation of cost of cigarettes are defined and
penalties for violations are prescribed. Uncodified. West
FLA. Session Law Service, Ch. 87-353 (1987).

9 An advisory council shall advise the department on the
condition of the tobacco crop. The composition and
method of appointment of members of the advisory coun-
cil are defined; exemptions to tobacco producers and
handlers are listed. Reference Date 1970. FLA. STAT.
ANN. Sections 573.858 to 573.878 (Supp. 1988).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 24~ and was last changed in
1986. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: /-/istorkal Compilation, 1986. vol. 21, p. 9.

9 The rate of tax imposed on cigarettes is increased in an
amount equal to the scheduled reduction in the rate of the
Federal cigarette tax. Reference Date 1982. FLA. STAT.
ANN. Sections 210.02,210.11 & 210.20 (Supp. 1986).

o Taxes are imposed on certain tobacco products; license
fees and surety bonds are defined. Reference Date 1985.
FLA. STAT. ANN Sections 210.25 to 210.75 (Supp.
1986).

84


. The cigarette tax rate is revised to eliminate a credit
against the tax. it deletes authorization for credit for taxes
paid on cigarettes shipped to another state or that are
unsalable or have been destroyed. ft also revises the
distribution of tax proceeds. Reference Date 1982. FLA.
STAT. ANN. Sections 210.02,21G.O5, 210.20 & 210.55
(Supp. 1986).

Health and Safety Regulations

o Discarding cigarettes (defined as litter) is prohibited on
public roadways, in state waters or on private property
without the consent of the owner. Violation constitutes a

second degree misdemeanor, and the court may impose
additional penalties of picking up litter or other commen-
surate labor. Reference Date 1975. FLA. STAT. ANN.
Section 403.413 (West Supp. 1985).

o Discarding lighted smoking materials from a vehicle is
prohibited. Willful violation is a third degree felony, and
careless violation is a second degree misdemeanor.
Penafties may be imposed against both individuals and
businesses. Reference Dates 1935 and 1972. FLA.
STAT. ANN. Sections 590.10 & 590.14 (West 1962 &
Supp. 1985).

Georgia

Llmitatlons on Smoking In Public Places              Commerce

o As part of the criminal code, smoking is prohibited in
public elevators, public transportation, and any other
public area designated by a no-smoking sign. This sec-
tion is punishable by a fine between $10 and $100.
Reference Date 1975. GA. CODE ANN. Section 26-9910
(1983).

o No person shall engage in the business of manufacturing,
purchasing, selling, consigning, vending, dealing in, or
distributing cigars or cigarettes without a license. Refer-
ence Date 1955. GA. CODE ANN. Section 48-11-2
(Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o The U.S. Congress is urged to enact legislation that
permits tobacco growers to purchase poundage allot-
ments from flue-cured owners in their tobacco belt. Un-
codified. Reference Date 1987.

o The sale or furnishing of cigarettes or tobacco-related
objects to any minor under the age of 17 years is
prohibited. The purchase or procurement of such for any
minor is also prohibited. Reference Date 1987. GA.
CODE ANN. Sections 16-12-170 to 16-12-173 (Supp.
1987).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 12~ and was last changed in
1971. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 7986, vol. 21. p. 9.

Schools and School Health Education

o A prescribed heafth education course of study in the
schools may include cigarette abuse instruction. The
State Superintendent of Schools is responsible for the
preparation or approval of a manual detailing the course
of study. Reference Date 1971. GA. CODE ANN. Section
32-l 901 (Supp. 1984).

o The rate of taxation on cigars is changed from 15 to 13
percent of the wholesale price. Reference Date 1955.
GA. CODE ANN. Section 48-1 l-2 (Supp. 1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

. ft is unlawful to start a fire by discarding a lighted cigarette.
Violation is punishable as a misdemeanor. Reference
Date 1971. GA. CODE ANN. Sections 26-9926a & 26-
9927a (1983).

Hawaii

Llmitatlons on Smoking in Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in state operated enclosed meeting
  rooms, elevators, enclosed arenas, and enclosed com-
munity centers. Maximum penafty is $100. Other enfor-
cement provision includes ejection from the no-smoking
area of anyone issued a citation or summons who con-

tinues to smoke. Reference Date 1976. HAWAII REV.
STAT. Sections 321-201 to 321-206 (1976 & Supp.
1984).

o Smoking is prohibited in certain public places, including,
but not limited to, certain areas of public and private health
care facilities, restaurants, theaters, museums, libraries,

85


galleries, state- or county-owned buildings, and other
areas open to the public. Reference Date 1987. HAWAII
REV. STAT. Sections 328K-6 & 328K-125 (Supp. 1987).

. Each employer who operates an office or offices in the
state is required to adopt, implement, and maintain a
written smoking policy in the workplace. Reference Date
1987. HAWAII REV. STAT. Sections 328K-11 to 328K-16
(Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing tobacco in any shape or form to a person
under 15 years of age is prohibited and is punishable by
a fine up to $100. Tobacco dealers forfeit their license
after a second offense. Reference Date 1890. HAWAII
REV. STAT. Sections 445-212 & 445-213 (1976).

9 The age at which a person may purchase tobacco
products is increased from 15 years to 18 years of age.
Reference Date 1890. HAWAII REV. STAT. Sections
445-212,445-212.5 & 445-213 (Supp. 1987).

Commerce

o lt is unlawful for any wholesaler or dealer to sell or use
tobacco products in Hawaii without having first received
a license issued by the Department of Taxation. Refer-
ence Date 1939. HAWAII REV. STAT. Section 245-2
(1976).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 3Oe as the rate is 40 percent of
the wholesale price. This was last changed in 1987. The
Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

Idaho

Llmltations on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in public places and at public
meetings except in designated smoking areas. Public
place is defined as any enclosed indoor area used by the
public including, but not limited to, restaurants with a
seating capacity of 30 or more, retail stores, grocery
stores, and stores that sell food primarily for off-site
consumption, public conveyances, educational facilities,
hospitals, nursing homes, auditoriums, arenas, and meet-
ing rooms. Smoking is also prohibited in elevators. Viola-
tion is punishable by a fine not to exceed $50. Reference
Date 1985. IDAHO CODE Sections 39-5501 to 395509
(1985).

9 Smoking is prohibited in public buildings controlled by
governmental agencies while public meetings are in
progress, except in designated smoking areas. Violation
is punishable by a fine between $5 and $10. No-smoking
signs are to be displayed. Reference Date 1975. IDAHO
CODE Sections 18-5904 to 18-5906 (Supp. 1985).

o Smoking is not allowed in restaurants, except in
restrooms or by members of the public in the dining
rooms. Notices forbidding tobacco use, except as
provided, are to be posted. Violation is punishable by a
fine between $10 and $100, six months imprisonment, or
both. Reference Date 1925. IDAHO CODE Sections 39-
1612 &39-1613 (1977).

o Smoking of tobacco or other products in or upon any bus,
except a charter, is prohibited and punishable by a fine.
Reference Date 1987. IDAHO CODE Section 39-5510
(Supp. 1987).

$j;;ition of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by

o A person under 18 years of age who possesses cigars,
cigarettes, or tobacco in any form, or cigarette papers, or
a person who furnished cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco in
any form, or cigarette papers to anyone under 16 years,
.  is guilty of a misdemeanor. The person furnishing tobacco
is fined from $50 to $100 for the first offense, and $300
or up to six months in jail for the second offense. Refer-
ence Date 1981. IDAHO CODE Section 18-l 502A (Supp.
1985).

o Making tobacco vending machines accessible to minors
under 18 years, or otherwise making tobacco available to
minors is punishableas a misdemeanor. Also, any person
violating this provision is deemed guilty of keeping and
maintaining a nuisance; abatement and injuncture relief
may be obtained. Reference Date 1972. IDAHO CODE
Sections 18-l 503 & 18-l 504 (1977).

Schools and School Health Education

o Public school education should include instruction on the
effects of smoking. The State Board of Education is
responsible for preparation of study guides and materials.
Reference Date 1963. IDAHC CODE Section 33-1605
(1981).

Commerce

o Retailers, wholesalers, and vending machine operators
who purchase, sell, offer for sale, distribute, or store
cigarettes must receive a license or permit from the state
tax commission. Reference Date 1974. tOAH CODE
Sections 63-2501 to 63-2503 (Supp. 1987).

86


Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 18c and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

o The rate of the cigarette tax is increased by 89/200 of 1 c
for each cigarette. The distribution of the cigarette tax
revenues is provided. Reference Date 1974. IDAHO
CODE Sections 63-2506, 63-2520 & 63-2522 (Supp.
1987).

o Part of the revenue collected by the cigarette tax goes to
a Cancer Control Account created by Section 57-1702.
Reference Date 1974. IDAHO CODE Section 63-
2520(b)(4) (Supp. 1985).

o The Cancer Control Account is to promote cancer control
through research, screening, and treatment. Reference
Date 1979. IDAHO CODE Section 57.1702 (Supp. 1985).

Health and Safety Flegulatlons

. Smoking is prohibited in food products factories. Violation
is punishable by fines between $25 and $500, six months
imprisonment, or both. Reference Date 1921. IDAHO
CODE Sections 37-2006 & 37-2008 (1977).

o Discarding lighted cigarettes from a vehicle or in an area
where a fire may be caused is prohibited. Violation is a
misdemeanor. Reference Date 1972. IDAHO CODE Sec-
tion 18-7005 (1977).

o Discarding lighted tobacco in a forest or range land during
the closed season is prohibited. Violation is a petty mis-
demeanor. Reference Date 1972. IDAHO CODE Section
38-l 17 (1977).

Illinois

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Mlnors

o The purpose of the Tobacco Accessories and Smoking
Herbs Control Act is to control sale and possession of
tobacco and illegal drugs becauseof their potential health
hazard. Furnishing a person under 18 years of age with
"tobacco accessories" or "smoking herbs" is prohibited. A
warning to minors must be posted where tobacco acces-
sories and smoking herbs are sold. Violation is a class C
misdemeanor. Minor's use of a false identification to
obtain prohibited items is also a violation. Reference Date
1982. ILL. REV. STAT. Ch. 23, Paragraphs 2358-l to
2358-5 (1983).

o Persons under 18 years of age are prohibited from buying
cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco in any form unless upon the
written orderof the minor's parent or guardian. Furnishing
cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco in any form to one under 18
years is prohibited unless upon the written order of the
minor's parent orguardian or unless sold in the presence
of such parent or guardian. One who violates this section
is subject to a fine up to $50 for the first offense and up
to $100 for subsequent offenses. Reference Date 1887.
ILL. REV. STAT. Ch. 23, Paragraphs 2357 & 2358 (West
Supp. 1987).

o The Smokeless Tobacco Limitation Act prohibits the dis-
tribution of sample cigarettes or smokeless tobacco to
persons under the age of 18 years. Reference Date 1887.
ILL. REV. STAT. Ch. 23, Paragraphs 2358-l to 2358-5
(West Supp. 1987).

Schools and School Health Education

o The health education program in schools is to include
instruction about tobacco use. Reference Date 1971. ILL.
REV. STAT. Ch. 122, Paragraph 863 (1983).

Regulation of Advertising Practices

o Outdoor billboard advertisements for smokeless tobacco
are required to bear one of three health warning state-
ments. Reference Date 1987. ILL. REV. STAT. Ch. 23,
Paragraphs 2358-l & 2358-2 (West Supp. 1987).

Commerce

. Distributors of cigarettes in the State of Illinois must be
licensed. ILL. REV. STAT. Ch. 120, Section 453.4 (1970).

Taxation

. The tax rate per pack is 20~ and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p.9.

Health and Safety Rsgulatlons

. Smoking is prohibited in gassy and underground mines,
and in or near any magazine. Reference Date 1953. ILL.
REV. STAT. Ch. 96-112, Paragraphs 1302, 2003, 2105,
2107,& 3115 (1983).

o Various organizations are requested to report on the
findings and evaluations of the smoking programs within
the State of Illinois. Uncodified. Reference Date 1987.

87


o Smoking is prohibited in stores that sell fireworks and in
fireworks factories. ILL. REV. STAT. Ch. 127-l/2, Para-
graphs 109& 113 (1983).

Indiana

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places             Commerce

o Indiana's Clean Indoor Air Act prohibits smoking in public
places or at public meetings, except in designated smok-
ing areas. Violation is a Class C infraction. Reference
Date 1987. IND. CODE ANN. Sections 13-1-13-1 to
13-l-13-9(1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Employment of one under 17 years of age to manufacture
or pack tobacco is prohibited unless an exemption is
granted. In an action for damages for personal injuries by
one under 17 years of age based on his or her tobacco
related employment, strict liability is applicable. Reckless
violation is a Class C misdemeanor. Reference Date
1973. IND. CODE ANN. Sections 20-8.1-4-24,20-8.1-4-
28 8 20-8.1-4-31 (West 1984).

m The sale of tobacco to one under 16 years of age is
prohibited. Knowledge of the violation is a Class C infrac-
tion, and it is no defense that the minor did not smoke the
tobacco. Reference Date 1980. IND. CODE ANN. Sec-
tion 35-46-l -10 (West Supp. 1985-l 986).

. Cigarette distributors must obtain registration certificates
from the Department of State Revenue. Reference Date
1947. IND. CODE ANN. Section 6-7-l -16 (1984).

Taxation

9 Persons in control of vending machines are required to
post signs stating that those under 16 years of age are
forbidden to buy cigarettes. Failure to post notice is a
Class C infraction. Reference Date 1983. IND. CODE
ANN. Section 35-46-l -11 (West Supp. 1985-l 986).

o The tax rate per pack is 15.5~ and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

o The sale and delivery of tobacco to persons under 18
years of age is prohibited. Violation is a Class C infraction.
Tobacco vending machines must post notice of the
prohibition, Reference Date 1987. IND. CODE ANN. Sec-
tions 34-4-38-l to 34-4-38-3 (West Supp. 1987).

o A tax is imposed on the distribution of tobacco products
other than cigarettes at the rate of 25 percent of the
wholesale price. Reference Date 1987. IND. CODE ANN.
Sections 6-7-2-2 to 6-7-2-4 (West Supp. 1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

Schools and School Health Education

9 Tobacco use is prohibited where food is processed or
stored. Reference Date 1949. IND. CODE ANN. Section
16-l -22-21 (West 1984).

o Governing bodies and county superintendents shall in-
clude instruction in the nature and effects of tobacco to
students in grades four to eight. The State Board of
Education must include a separate course on the effects
of enumerated drugs, including tobacco, for high school
students. Willful refusal to provide the instruction is
grounds for dismissal. Reference Date 1975. IND. CODE
ANN. Section 20-l 0.1-4-g (West 1984).

. Smoking is prohibited in or near a vehicle carrying ex-
plosives and in explosives plants except in designated
areas. Violation is a Class C misdemeanor unless the
state fire marshal has demanded comptiance in writing;
violation is then a Class A misdemeanor. Reference Date
1969. IND. CODE ANN. Sections 22-t 1-13-l 6,22-l l-13-
20, & 22-l l-l 3-28 (West 1981).

Iowa

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in indoor theaters, libraries, art
museums, concert hails, auditoriums, or similar facilities
that are open to the public (except in designated smoking

areas and food consumption areas), elevators, nonsmok-
ing areas of public transportation, health care facilities
and patient rooms (except in designated smoking sec-
tions), and in nonsmoking areas of public buildings. Signs
must be posted designating nonsmoking areas. Aviolator

88


of this Act must pay a civil fine of $50 for each violation.
Reference Date 1939. IOWA CODE ANN. Sections 98.1
to 98A.6 8 805.8 (West Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigarettes or cigarette papers or tobacco in
any form, including the sale or gift of smokeless tobacco,
to a person under 18 years of age is prohibited, unless
there is a written authorization from the minor's parent or
guardian. A first violation is a "simple" misdemeanor and
subsequent violation is a "serious" misdemeanor. Refer-
ence Date 1939. IOWA CODE ANN. Sections 98.2,98.4
& 98.5 (West Supp. 1988).

o Minors under 18 years of age possessing cigarettes or
cigarette papers anywhere except at home are required
to tell where the cigarettes were obtained. Refusal to
comply is a misdemeanor. Reference Date 1909. IOWA
CODE ANN. Sections 98.4 and 98.5 (West 1984).

Schools and School Health Education

. In order for a district to be on an approved list, the effects
of tobacco must be taught in both the elementary and
secondary schools. The State Board of Public Instruction
is responsible for enforcement. Reference Date 1975.
IOWA CODE ANN. Section 257.25 (West Supp. 1985).

Llmitatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

. Smoking is prohibited where no-smoking signs are
posted in public meeting rooms, elevators, indoor
theaters, libraries, art museums, concert halls, health
care facility waiting rooms, and public buses. Violation is
punishable by a fine up to $25. Reference Date 1975.
KAN. STAT. ANN. Section 21-4008 (1981).

o Smoking is prohibited in public places including, but not
limited to, restaurants, retail stores, educational facilities,
courtrooms, and state, county, or municipal buildings.
The use of tobacco products in health care institutions or
any place where heafth care services are provided to the
public is also prohibited. Repeals 21-4008. Reference
Date 1987. KAN. STAT. ANN. Sections 21-4009 to 21-
401 4 (Supp. 1987).

Re&tlon of Sak to and Use of Tobacco Products by

o This taxation act provides that selling cigarettes to a
person under 18 years of age is prohibited. It is also a

o A student may be suspended or expelled fortobacco use
at school. Reference Date 1965. IOWA CODE ANN.
Section 279.9 (West Supp. 1985).

o Area vocational schools and community colleges are not
required to prohibit tobacco use. Reference Date 1965.
IOWA CODE ANN. Section 280A.23(3) (West Supp.
1985).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 26t and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o Tobacco tax assessment periods, penalties and appeal
periods, and filing of sales and services tax refund claims
are defined. Reference Date 1967. IOWA CODE ANN.
Section 98.45 (West Supp. 1988).

o The rate of the cigarette and little cigar and tobacco
products taxes are specified. Reference Date 1971.
IOWACODE ANN. Section 135C.23 (West Supp. 1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

o The authority to prevent, abate, and control air pollution
is delegated. Reference Date 1972. Section 455.8145
(West Supp. 1987).

Kansas

violation for one under 18 years of age to buy cigarettes.
Maximum penalty for a violation is a fine up to $1,000 or
up to one year imprisonment or both. Distribution of
sample cigarettes to minors under 18 years of age is
punishable by a fine of $500 to $2,500 or up to one year
in prison or both. Reference Date 1933. KAN. STAT.
ANN. Sections 79-3321 and 79-3322 (1984).

Commerce

. Each person engaged in the business of selling cigarettes
in the State of Kansas must secure a license from the
division of taxation. Reference Date 1933. KAN. STAT.
ANN. Section 79-3304 to 79-3306 (Supp. 1987).

Taxat Ion

o The tax rate per pack is 24c and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

89


Kentucky

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited on school grounds, except by adult
employees in designated smoking rooms. This exception,
however, applies only to counties in which there is a first
or second class city or urban county government. Viola-
tion is punishable by a fine between $1 and $5. Reference
Date 1972. KY. REV. STAT. Section 438.050 (1985).

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o The law prohibiting cigarette smoking by minors under 18
years of age was repealed effective January 1, 1975.
Reference Date 1974. KY. REV. STAT. Sections 438.020
to 438.040 (1985).

Commerce

. No person other than a manufacturer shall acquire
cigarettes in Kentucky on which the state cigarette tax has
not been paid, nor act as a wholesaler, vending machine
operator, subjobber, transporter, or unclassified acquirer
of such cigarettes without first obtaining a license from
the Department of Revenue. Reference Date 1982. KY.
REV. STAT. Section 138.195 (1983).

o The Kentucky Tobacco Task Force has been
reauthorized to help resolve the problems facing the
tobacco program. Uncodified. House Res. 20 (1986).

Taxatlon

The tax rate per pack is 3e and was last changed in 1970.
The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobacco:
Historical Compilath, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

These provisions create aTobacco Research Trust Fund.
Funding is provided by levying a tax on cigarettes, to be
combined with available Federal funding. Funds ap-
propriated for the Research Trust Fund go to the Univer-
sity of Kentucky Tobacco and Health Research Institute
and are to be applied exclusively to projects and
programs "directed toward improvements in the tobacco
industry, and more specifically toward proving or disprov-
ing questions of heaffh hazards to tobacco users.....
Section 248.520(5). A Tobacco Research Board, com-
prised of 14 members, is to authorize and review the
research projects, and is to make yearly reports. Refer-
ence Date 1978. KY. REV. STAT. Sections 248.510 to
248.570 (Supp. 1984).

Health and Safety Regulatlons

o Disposing of lighted tobacco products is prohibited in or
near forests. Smoking in forests during an emergency
period of fire danger is prohibited. Reference Date 1964.
KY. REV. STAT. Section 149.370 (1980).

o Taking cigarettes into a mine is prohibited. The mine
operator is to make frequent searches to prevent carrying
in or using such articles as cigarettes. Reference Date
1952. KY. REV. STAT. Section 352.170(3) (1983).

Louisiana

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking is allowed in all areas of the Louisiana Super-
dome except in the arena. Violators shall be advised of
the prohibition by Superdome personnel. Reference Date
1987. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 40:1299.131 (West
Supp. 1988).

Schools and School Health Education

. A student may be suspended for smoking on school
property or buses. Reference Date 1922. LA. REV. STAT.
ANN. Section 17:41 G(A)(l)(a)(vi) (West Supp. 1985).

Commerce

o Every person who sells at wholesale or by vending
machine, who is about to engage in the business of
receiving unstamped or non-tax paid cigarettes, cigars,
and smoking tobacco or who is engaged in the business
of receiving stamped cigarettes at wholesale must obtain

a permit from the collector of revenue. Reference Date
1974. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 47:844 & 47:846
(West Supp. 1988).

o Wholesale dealers may present manufacturer's affidavits
on returned damaged merchandise at the time of pur-
chase of tobacco stamps as payment for the stamps.
Reference Date 1970. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. Section
47:843 (West Supp. 1988).

o Provisions regarding ownership of vehicles involved in
the transportation of tobacco products and the prescribed
taxation procedures are defined. Reference Date 1985.
LA. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 47:863 (West Supp.
1988).

. The minimum amount of bond that tobacco dealers are
required to furnish is increased from $1,000 to $10,000.
Reference Date 1974. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. Section
47:848 (West Supp. 1988).

90


Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 16c and was last changed in     fine up to $300 or imprisonment for up to 30 days or both.
1984. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-      Reference Date 1944. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. Section
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.          14:204(3) (West 1974).

o One million dollars annually from the tax levied on cigaret-
tes goes to the Cancer and Lung Trust Fund. Reference
Date 1980. LA. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 47:869 (West
Supp. 1985).

Health and Safety Regulations

o Discarding a cigarette that causes a fire on another's land
constitutes criminal negligence. Penalty for violation is a

o This section establishes the Cancer and Lung Trust Fund,
which is funded by the $l,OOO,OOO in revenue derived
from the cigarette tax. The monies in the fund are used
solely for."cancer research and research on cardio-pul-
monary disease and clinical investigation and training in
the field of cancer and cardio-pulmonary diseases." The
fund is administered by the Department of Health and
Human Resources. Reference Date 1980. LA. REV.
STAT. ANN. Section 40:1299.88 (West Supp. 1985).

Maine

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in any public area of any publicly
owned building and at indoor public meetings where
no-smoking signs are posted, except where all members
present consent. No penalty is provided. Reference Date
1981. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Title 22, Section 1578-A
(West Supp. 1987).

o Smoking is prohibited in nursing homes, except in desig-
nated smoking areas. Reference Date 1983. ME. REV.
STAT. ANN. Title 22, Section 1825 (Supp. 1984).

o Smoking is prohibited in jury rooms, unless all members
consent. No penalty is provided. Reference Date 1983.
y:&PEV. STAT. ANN. Tiile 22, Section 1580 (Supp.

o Smoking is prohibited in all sections of retail stores whose
total area open to the public exceeds 4,000 square feet.
No-smoking signs are required to be posted. Violation is
punishable by a fine of not more than $50. ME. REV.
STAT. ANN. Title 22, Sections 269-A 8 1681 to 1684
(1987).

o Every employer must establish, or may negotiate through
the collective bargaining process, a written policy con-
cerning smoking and nonsmoking by employees. In order
to protect the employer and employees from the
detrimental effects of smoking by others, the policy shall
prohibit smoking except in designated areas. Failure to
establish, postorsupetvisethe implementationof a policy
is a civil violation punishable by a fine of not more than
$100. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Title 22, Section 580-A
(1985).

o As a fire prevention measure, smoking is prohibited in
mills, public buses, factories, machine shops, shipyards,

91

covered bridges, stables "or other buildings" where a
no-smoking sign is posted. One who smokes in a
prohibited area is fined $5, and one who destroys a
no-smoking sign is fined $10. Reference Date 1954. ME.
REV. STAT. ANN. Title 25, Section 2433 (1974).

Restaurants are required to establish no-smoking areas
and to post asign indicating the smoking policy. ME. REV.
STAT. ANN. Title 22, Section 1579-A (West Supp. 1987).

The "Workplace Smoking Act of 1985" requires
employers to establish, post, and enforce a written policy
concerning smoking and nonsmoking by employees in
that portion of the facility for which they are responsible.
ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Tile 22, Section 1580-A (West
Supp. 1987).

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

. Furnishing cigarettes or tobacco to one under 18 years of
age is prohibited. A violator of this section is fined be-
tween $20 and $50 for each violation. Reference Date
1983. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Title 22, Section 1579
(Supp. 1984).

.

The sale of cigarettes in vending machines not super-
vised by an adult is prohibited, except when located in
areas where minors are not allowed by law. ME. REV.
STAT. ANN. Title 22, Section 1628 (W&t Supp. 1987).

Commerce

. Each person engaging in the business of selling cigaret-
tes in Maine must secure a license from the Tax Asses-
sor. Reference Date 1954. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Tile
36, Section 4362 (1978).


Taxation

Health and Safety Regulations

o The tax rate per pack is 28~ and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tau Burden on Tobac-
co: Histon'ca CompilatEon, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o Certain changes have been made in the Maine tax law.
All cigarettes sold are subject to a scheduled increase.
Reference Date 1975. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Title 36,
Sections 111 to 5255-B (West Supp. 1987).

o This law relates to the taxation of tobacco products.
Reference Date 1969. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Title 36,
Section 5224-A (West Supp. 1987).

Maryland

.

Discarding a lighted cigarette from a moving vehicle or on
forest, brush, grass or other lands is prohibited. Violations
are punishable by a fine from $10 to $50. Reference Date
1979. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Title 12, Sections 9324(3)
and 9701 (1981).

o Discarding burning cigarettes and cigars from railroad
equipment is prohibited. No penalty is provided. Refer-
ence Date 1954. ME. REV. STAT. ANN. Tile 12, Section
9406 (1981).

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Directors of hospitals, nursing homes, health clinics, and
physicians' offices are required to establish and imple-
ment a plan to protect the health of nonsmoking patients
by regulating smoking on the premises. No penalty is
provided. Reference Date 1957. MD. HEALTH AND ENV.
CODE ANN. Section 1 I-205 (1982).

o Smoking or carrying lighted tobacco products is
prohibited in a public mass transit bus, railcar, or transit
station, Maximum penalty is $250 for each offense. Ref-
erence Date 1957. MD. TRANSP. CODE ANN. Section
7-705 (Supp. 1984).

o Smoking is prohibited in any intrastate motor bus carrier.
Maximum fine is $25. Reference Date 1975. MD. ANN.
CODE Article 78, Section 35A (1980).

o Smoking is prohibited on public elevators. No-smoking
signs must be posted. Maximum fine is $25. Reference
Date 1975. MD. ANN. CODE Article 89, Section 64
(1979).

o The Washington County Commissioners are authorized
to enact ordinances regulating smoking in county offices
and county office buildings. Reference Date 1987. MD.
ANN. CODE Article 25, Section 2368 (Supp. 1987).

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o One who is in the business of manufacturing or selling
cigars, cigarettes, smoking or smokeless tobacco
products is prohibited from selling cigarettes to one under
16 years of age, unless the individual is an agent of his
employer or has prior written consent of his parents. It is
also unlawful for any person who is not a dealer to
purchase cigars, cigarettes, smoking or smokeless
tobacco for an individual. A violator of this section is fined
between $10 and $100 for each offense, or imprisoned

between five and 30 days if the fine is not paid. Reference
Date 1888. MD. ANN. CODE Article 27, Sections 404 &
405 (1985).

o A dealer, vendor, or other person may not sell, barter, or
give any smokeless tobacco products to an individual
under 16 years of age; subject to penalties. R8fer8nC8
Date 1951. MD. ANN. CODE Article 27, Sections 404 &
405 (1988).

Commerce

I o A license is required to manufacture cigars or cigarettes.
A residence may not be used to manufacture Cigarettes
or cigars except by the immediate family members. Viola-
tion of these provisions brings a fine between $5 and
$100, or imprisonment between 10 days and one year or
both. Reference Dates 1884 and 1904. MD. ANN. CODE
Article 27, Sections 327,330 & 333 (1982).

The position of Inspector of Tobacco has been repealed
from the Maryland Department of Agriculture and certain
provisions for the State Tobacco Warehouse. Reference
Date 1957. MD. ANN. CODE AGRIC. Article Sections
7-101, 7-301, 7-326R, 7-402, 7-404 8 7-413R (Supp.
1987).

Daily reports from leaf tobacco sellers are required after
each sales day during the auction season. Reference
Date 1957. MD. ANN. CODE AGRIC. Article Sections
7-403 & 7-411 (Supp. 1987).

The bond requirement for persons who weigh leaf tobac-
co for a commission selling agency has been repealed.
Reference Date 1957. MD. ANN. CODE AGRIC. Article
Section 7-209 (Supp. 1987).

The sale or offer for sale of clove cigarettes in the stat8
is prohibited. Violation is a misdemeanor subject to a
$500fine. Reference Date 1986. MD. ANN. CODE Article
27, Section 40A (1988).

92


. The State Tobacco Authority is authorized to impose a
penalty on an a&On warehouse that OVBrS8IlS its daily
quota. Reference Date 1957. MD. ANN. CODE AGRIC.
Article Section 7-207 (Supp. 1987).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 13~ and was last changed in
1980. The Tobaccc Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilatbn, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

. The most recent population figures are required to be
used in the computation of tobacco tax revenue distribu-
tion. Reference Date 1958. MD. ANN. CODE Article 81,
Section 460 (Supp. 1987).

o The Maryland Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) Research and Information Fund supported with,

in addition, the taxes on cigarettes to conduct or finance
research has been repealed. MD. ANN. CODE Heafth-
General Section 18-333 (1987).

o This law imposes a specified tax of 6 l/2 mills per
cigarette on sample cigarette packages and alters, after
modification in the Federal tax, the applicablity of the
supplemental state tax on cigarettes. Reference Date
1958. MD. ANN. CODE Article 81, Section 432, 433 &
460 (Supp. 1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

o Smoking is prohibited in mines. Reference Date 1957.
MD. NAT. RES. CODE ANN. Section 7-404(e) (1983).

o Smoking is prohibited in fireworks plants, unless in a
designated smoking area. Reference Dat8 1955. MD.
ANN. CODE Article 38A, Section 23 (1982).

Massachusetts

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in public elevators, supermarkets;
and Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority maSs
transit vehicles. Smoking is restricted to designated areas
in museums, libraries, health care facilities, and mass
transit conveyances. The person in control of these
facilities must post no-smoking notices. Reference Date
1947. MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter 272, Section
43A (W8St Sups. 1985).

o A separate provision prohibiting smoking in public con-
veyances and transportation facilities provides for a fine
up to $50 or up to 10 days in jail, or both for violation.
Reference Date 1947. MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter
272, Section 43 (West 1970).

o The fine for violation of smoking in public conveyances is
increased from $50 to $100. Reference Date 1947,
MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter 272. Section 43A
(West Supp. 1987).

o Smoking is prohibited in buildings used for stabling hor-
ses. Maximum penalty is a $200 fine, one month im-
prisonment, or both. After an order of compliance is
issued, noncompliance is punished by a fine of up to $10
perday. Reference Date 1924. MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN.
Chapter 272, Sections 86C, 86E, 8 86F (West 1970).

. This law protects the public health by prohibiting smoking
in jury rooms. Reference Date 1986. MASS. GEN. LAWS
ANN. Chapter 234, Section 34C (West Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigarettes, Chewing tobacco, snuff, ortobacco
in any of its forms to one under 18 years of age is
prohibited, unless by a parent or guardian. This is punish-
able by a fine of not less than $100 for the first offense,
not less than $200 for second offense, and not less than
$300 for third or subsequent offense. Vending machines
must have a notice posted prohibiting minors' use. One
who violates this section is punishable by a fine up to $50.
Reference Date 1985. MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter
270, Section 6 (West Supp. 1987).

Schools and School Health Education

. Schools are required to provide education about the
effects of tobacco. Reference Date 1974. MASS. GEN.
LAWS ANN. Chapter 71, Section 1 (West 1982).

o The use of tobacco in publicschools during normal school
hours is prohibited. Reference Date 1987. MASS GEN.
LAWS ANN. Chapter 71, Section 2A (West Supp. 1988).

Commerce

o It is unlawful to employ one under 16 years of age to
manufacture or pack tobacco. Reference Date 1887.
MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter 149, Section 61(21)
(West 1982).

o Manufacturing tobacco in one's home constitutes unlaw-
ful industrial homework. Reference Date 1937. MASS.

93


GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter 149, Section 144 (West
1982).

o No person shall sell cigarettes or act as a manufacturer,
WhOl8Sal8r, vending machine Op8ratOr, unclassified ac-
quirer, transporter, or retailer of cigarettes in Mas-
sachusetts unless licensed to do so. Reference Date
1945. MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter 64C, Section 2
(1978).

Taxatlon

. The tax rate per pack is 266 and was last changed in
1983. The Tobacco Institute, 7%e Tax BUfd8n on To&-
co: Historica/ Compilation, 7966, vol. 21, p. 9.

Health and Safety Regulations

o Discarding lighted cigarettes and cigars from V8hicl8S on
a road near forest lands or open fields, or upon forest land

is prohibited. Maximum penalty is a fine up to $100, or
imprisonment up to 30 days. Reference Date 1930.
MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN. Chapter 148, Section 54 (West
1985).

o Whoever sells exploding cigars or cigarettes is subject to
a fine up to $100. Reference Date 1967. MASS. GEN.
LAWS ANN. Chapter 146, Section 52A (West Supp.
1985).

o One who sells adulturated smoking products is subject to
a fine between $200 and $500, or imprisonment up to six
months. Reference Date 1958. MASS. GEN. LAWS ANN.
Chapter 94, Section 307 (West 1984).

. The membership of the Special Commission to inves-
tigate, study, and report on the health eff 8cts of indoor air
pollution has been increased. MASS. Resolve of 1987.
Ch. 2 (I 987).

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking on a school bus within one hour of pupils' use
of the bus is prohibited. Reference Date 1981. MICH.
COMP. LAWS ANN. Section 257.316a (Supp. 1985).

* Smoking is prohibited in retail food establishments, ex-
cept in designated areas. No-smoking signs must be
posted at entrances. Maximum penalty is a $100 fine.
Reference Date 1968. MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. Set-
tion 289.707a (1984).

o Food service establishments with a seating capacity of
50 or more people are required to post notices and
designate areas for nonsmokers. The area is not to
exceed 50 percent of the establishment. Reference Date
1978. MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. Section 333.12905
(West Supp. 1987).

o Nursing homes must adopt a policy regulating smoking
to provide patients with no-smoking rooms, designated
smoking areas, and prohibit tobacco sales except as
provided for by owners. Notices must be posted for
smoking and nonsmoking areas. Reference Date 1978.
MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. Sections 333.21333 and
333.21733 (1980).

o Smoking is prohibited in all passenger elevators and
violation is punishable by a fine of $50 or 90 days im-
prisonment. Signs must be posted in elevators containing
the prohibition and penalty. Reference Date 1967. MICH.
COMP. LAWS ANN. Section 408.820 (1985).

o Smoking is prohibited in public places and at meetings of
public bodies, except in designated smoking areas. Ref-
erence Date 1978. MICH. COMP. LAWS. ANN. Sections
333.12601 to 333.12617 (West Supp. 1987).

Michigan

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigarettes to one under 18 years of age is
punishable by a fine up to $50 or up to 30 days imprison-
ment for each offense. A person under 18 years of age
who smokes cigarettes in public is subject to a fine up to
$10 or imprisonment up to five days. One who allows a
person under 18 years of age to enter upon his land to
smoke cigarettes is subject to a fine up to $50 or imprison-
ment up to 30 days. However, a parent or guardian is not
in violation of this section if the smoking is done on the
parent's property. Reference Date 1972. MICH. COMP.
LAWS ANN. Section 722.643 to 722.651 (Supp. 1985).

o Furnishing any form of tobacco to one under 17 years,
unless upon parent's or guardian's written order, is
punishable by a fine of from $5 to $50 or by imprisonment
of from 10 to 30 davs or both. Reference Date 1889.
MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. Sections 722.651 and
722.652 (1968).

Schools and School Health Education

9 School instruction about the effects of tobacco is re-
quired. Reference Date 1976.. MICH. COMP. LAWS
ANN. Section 380.1170 (Supp. 1985).

o The Critical Health Problems Education Act requires an
educational program that includes the topic of tobacco.
Reference Date 1948. MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. Sec-
tion 388.382(a) (1976).

Commerce

9 No person shall sell, purchase, possess, or acquire
cigarettes, or act as a manufacturer, wholesaler, vending

94


  machine operator, unclassified acquirer, or transporter of
  cigarettes in Michigan unless licensed to do so by the
  revenue division of the Department of the Treasury. Ref-
  erence Date 1949. MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. Section
  7.41 l(3) (1984).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 21~ and was last changed in
  1982. The Tobacco Institute, Tax Burden on Tobacco:
  Historical Compilation, 1986 vol. 21, p. 9.

o The tax imposed for each cigarette sold in the state is
  increased from 10.5 to 12.5 mills. Reference Date 1979.
  MICH. COMP. LAWS ANN. Section 205.507,205.507(a),
  and 205.520 (West Supp. 1988).

Health and Safety Regulations

o Selling adulterated cigarettes constitutes a mis-
  demeanor. Reference Date 1931. MICH. COMP. LAWS
  ANN. Section 750.27 (1968).

Minnesota

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places

9 The Minnesota Clean Indoor Air Act (enacted "to protect
the public health, comfort and environment....") prohibits
smoking in public places and meetings, except in desig-
nated smoking areas.

Public place means any enclosed indoor area used by
the general public or serving as a place of work, including,
but not limited to, restaurants, retail stores, offices and
other commercial establishments, public conveyances,
educational facilities, hospitals, health care facilities, day
care centers, nursing homes, auditoriums, arenas, and
meeting rooms, but excluding private, enclosed offices
occupied exclusively by smokers even thoug h such office
may be visited by nonsmokers.

o Proprietors of public places are responsible for posting
appropriate signs and for arranging nonsmoking seating
areas. Factories, warehouses, and similar places of work
not usually frequented by the general public are not
included except where the public health commissioner
determines that smoke pollution exists that is detrimental
to nonsmoking employees. No public place other than a
bar may be designated as a smoking area in its entirety.
If a bar is designated as a smoking area in its entirety, this
designation must be posted conspicuously on all entran-
ces normally used by the public. Violation constitutes a
petty misdemeanor. Affected individuals and state offi-
cials may institute injunction actions against repeated
violators. Reference Date 1975. MINN. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tions 144.411 to 144.417 (West Supp. 1988).

o It is a trespass, punishable as a misdemeanor, to inten-
tionally smoke where no-smoking signs are posted or
when the operator of a common carrier requests no
smoking. Reference Date 1971. MINN. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tion 609605(l) (West Supp. 1985).

Regulation of Sal8 to and U88 of Tobacco Product8 by
Minor8

o One having control of a cigarette vending machine is
required to post a sign which states that persons under
18 years of age are forbidden to buy cigarettes. Violation

constitutes a misdemeanor. Reference Date 1961. MINN.
STAT. ANN. Section 325E.07 (West 1981).

. Furnishing tobacco, cigarette papers, or pipes for smok-
ing to one under 18 years of age constitutes a mis-
demeanor. Using tobacco, cigarette papers, or pipes for
smoking by one under 18 years of age constitutes a petty
misdemeanor. Local ordinances may provide more strin-
gent regulation. Reference Date 1981. MINN. STAT.
ANN. Section 609.685 (West Supp. 1985).

Schools and School Health Education

o Teacher education institutions must provide, and each
prospective teacher must satisfactorily complete,
courses in the misuse of and dependency upon tobacco.
Reference Date 1959. MINN. STAT. ANN. Section
126.05 (West 1979).

Commerce

No person shall engage in the business of selling,
manufacturing, or transponjng cigarettes in the State of
Minnesota without first having received a license from the
State Commissioner of Taxation. Reference Date 1947.
MINN. STAT. ANN. Sections 297.01 8 297.04 (West
1972).

The distribution of tobacco product samples is prohibited
except in tobacco stores. Reference Date 1975. MINN.
STAT. ANN. Sections 144.412 & 144.414 (West Supp.
1988).

No person shall distribute smokeless tobacco products,
including snuff and chewing tobacco, except in tobacco
stores. Reference Date 1986. MINN. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tion 325F.76 to 325F.78 (West Supp. 1988).

Taxatlon

. The tax rate per pack is 38~ and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

95


. The Omnibus Tax Law increases the cigarette and liquor
taxes. Reference Date 1987. Minnesota Tax 8 Spending
Law Ch. 268 (1987).

Health and Safety Regulation8

o State fire officials may post no-smoking signs in areas
"wherever they deem public safety requires.' No penalty
is provided for violation. Reference Date 1965. MINN.
STAT. ANN. Section 299F.38 (West 1972).

o Discarding a liihted cigarette or cigar on forest land and
failing to extinguish it immediately constitutes a mis-
demeanor punishable by a fine of between $25 and $100,
or by imprisonment of between 10 and 90 days. Refer-
ence Date 1929. MINN. STAT. ANN. Section 88.19 (West
1977).

o When it is determined that a forest fire hazard exists, the
commissioner may prohibit smoking by wriien order,
except in homes and enclosed vehicles. Rewards of up

to $25 may be given for information leading to conviction
of violation. Reference Date 1978. MINN. STAT. ANN.
Sections 88.22 8 88.76 (West Supp. 1985).

o One who negligently sets fire to a hotel or its furnishings
by smoking is guilty of a misdemeanor. Notices must be
posted in every sleeping room to advise occupants of this
provision. Reference Date 1982. MINN. STAT. ANN.
Section 327.74 (West Supp. 1985).

o Intentionally smoking near explosives or inflammable
materials constitutes a misdemeanor. lf a risk of death or
seriius bodily h&m is knowingly created, the penalty may
be a fine up to $10,000 or up to five years imprisonment,
or both. Reference Date 1971. MINN. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tion 609.60(l) (West Supp. 1985).

Mississippi

Limitatlons on Smoking in Public Places

o Once a bus driver requests a passenger to stop smoking
a cigar or pipe on a public bus, and the passenger
continues to smoke, he may be ejected from the bus. The
violator is also guilty of a misdemeanor. Reference Date
1942. MISS. CODE ANN. Section 97-35-l (1973).

Regulatlon of Sale to and Us8 of Tobacco Product8 by
Minors

o Furnishing cigars, cigarettes, smoking tobacco, or snuff
to one under 18 years of age without prior written consent
of the minors parent or guardian is prohibited. Violation
is punishable by a fine between $20 and $100, imprison-
ment for from one week to three months, or both. Refer-
ence Date 1892. MISS. CODE ANN. Section 97-5-25
(1973).

o The judge shall charge the grand jury concerning enfor-
cement of the statute relating to furnishing tobacco to
minors. Reference Date 1978. MISS. CODE ANN. Sec-
tion 13-547(2) (Supp. 1984).

Commerce

o Every distributor, wholesaler, retailer, distributing agent,
vendor, and every other person engaged in the sale or

use of tobacco upon which a tax is required to be paid,
must receive a permit from the State Tax Commission
allowing him to engage in such business. Reference Date
1942. MISS. CODE ANN. Section 27-69-5 (1972).

b Nonresident tobacco dealers must be licensed to ship
tobacco products into Mississippi. Reference Date 1942.
MISS. CODE ANN. Section 27-69-7 (Supp. 1987).

o This law reduces or eliminates the credit allowed to
dealers for affixing tobacco stamps. MISS. CODE ANN.
Chapter 500.

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 186 and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tar Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilafion, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

Health and Safety Regulations

9 Discarding cigarettes or cigars on a public road or on
another's private property constitutes a misdemeanor in
addition to civil liability for damages. Violators may be
ordered to pick up litter along the roadways or punished
by a fine up to $500 or both. Reference Date 1973. MISS.
CODE ANN. Section 97-15-29 (Supp. 1984).

96


Missouri

Regulation of Sale to and Us8 of Tobacco PrOdUCt by
Mlnors

o Any municipality may prohibit furnishing cigarettes or
cigarette wrappers to minors within its corporate limits,
and may provide punishment or fines. Reference Date
1895. MO. ANN. STAT. Section 71.740 (Vernon l-952).

o A minor is defined as a person under 18 years of age for
purposes of the Aid to Families with Dependent Children
provisions. (No general definition of minor was located).
Reference Date 1982. MO. ANN. STAT. Section 208.040
(Vernon Supp. 1985).

Commerce

o Every cigarette wholesaler must obtain a license from the
director of the Missouri Department of Revenue. MO.
ANN. STAT. Section 149.035 (Vernon 1976).

Taxation

Montana

o The tax rate per pack is 134 and was last changed in
1982. The Tobacco Institute, The Taw Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o A tax is imposed on the sale of cigarettes equal to a
portion of the federal excise tax. Reference Date 1985.
MO. ANN. STAT. Section 149.082 (Vernon's Supp.
1988).

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places

o The Montana Clean Indoor Air Act of 1979 restricts smok-
ing to designated areas of any enclosed public area or
vehicle. Enclosed work places for more than one
employee are also included. The Act's purpose is to
protect nonsmokers' health and to reserve areas for
smokers. Areas included are elevators, restaurants,
stores, offices, trains, buses, educational or health
facilities, indoor recreational facilities, museums, gal-
leries, libraries, and public meeting rooms. Restrooms,
taverns and bars that do not serve meals, and rooms or
vehicles with a capacity of six or less are exempted from
the Act. A person required to designate smoking or non-
smoking areas, who fails to do so, may be fined up to $25.
Reference Date 1979. MONT. CODE ANN. Sections
50-40-l 01 to 50-40-l 09 (1983).

o A designated nonsmoking area is required in each
enclosed public place. Violation is punishable by a fine of
not more than $100. Reference Date 1985. MONT.
CODE ANN. Sections 50-40-104 8 50-40-201 (1985).

Every wholesaler, subjobber, retailer, or cigarette vendor
shall-obtain a license-from the Montana Department of
Revenue. Reference Date 1969. MONT. CODE ANN.
Section 16-11-120 (1985).

A 7day credit limit is set on sales or delivery of cigarettes
or other tobacco products from a wholesaler to a retailer.
Reference Date 1937. MONT. CODE ANN. Section 53-
3-204 (1985). Repealed in 1985. Section 28, Ch. 670 in
1985.

Taxation

The cigarette excise tax is increased to 24c per package. The
tax on cigarettes sold in packages of more than 20 cigarettes
is based on a per cigarette basis. Reference Date 1947.
MONT. CODE ANN. Sections 16-l l-l 11, 16-l l-1 19 & 17-5-
408 (1985).

Health and Ssfety RegUl8tlOn8

o Discarding lighted cigarettes or cigars near a forest is
prohibited. Vrolation is a misdemeanor. Reference Date
1939. MONT. CODE ANN. Section 76-l 3-l 24 (1983).

97


Nebraska

Limitations on Smoking In Public Places

o The Nebraska Clean Indoor Air Act was enacted for the
purpose of protecting "public heafth, comfort, and en-
vironment by prohibiting smoking in public places and at
public meetings, except in designated smoking areas."
Coverage includes any enclosed indoor area used by the
public or that serves as a workplace including, but not
limited to, restaurants, retail stores, offices and other
commercial establishments, publicconveyances, educa-
tional facilities, hospitals, nursing homes, auditoriums,
arenas, and meeting rooms. Private offices used only by
employees who smoke, an entire room or hall used for a
private function and controlled by the function's sponsor
and bars or restaurants with serving areas of less than
1,200 square feet, however, are exempted. With respect
to factories, warehouses, and similar places of work not
usually frequented by the general public, the Department
of Health is required to establish rules to restrict or prohibit
smoking in those places of work when the close proximity
of workersorthe inadequacy of ventilation causes smoke
pollution detrimental to the health and comfort of non-
smoking employees.

Notices must be posted designating smoking and non-
smoking areas. The health department has rulemaking
power to implement the Act and may waive these
provisions upon request. Violation of the Act is penalized
as a class V misdemeanor or by injunction. Reference
Date 1979. NEB. REV. STAT. Sections 71-5701 to 71-
5713(1981).

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
MinOr8

o Smoking cigars, cigarettes, or use of other tobacco in any
form by one under 18 years of age constitutes a class V
misdemeanor, However, if the minor discloses who fur-
nished the tobacco, the minor may avoid prosecution.
Reference Date 1911. NEB. REV. STAT. Section 28-
1418 (1981).

o One who furnishes cigarettes, cigarette papers, or tobac-
co in any form, to one under 18 years of age is guilty of a
class Ill misdemeanor for each offense. Reference Date
1885. NEB. REV. STAT. Section %8-l 419 (1981),

o A licensee who furnishes cigars, tobacco, cigarettes, or
cigarette material to a minor is guilty of a class III mis-
demeanor. An additional penalty can be revocation of
license. Corporation officeis, directors, or managers are
subject to this section's penalty. Reference Date 1919.
NEB. REV. STAT. Section 28-1425 (1981).

o A minor who misrepresents his age to buy tobacco
products is guifty of a class V misdemeanor. Reference
Date 1919. NEB. REV. STAT. Section 28-1427 (1981).

Schools and School Health Education

o Public school8 are required to provide instruction in
tobacco abuse as part of a drug abuse education pro-
gram. Reference Date 1885. NEB. REV. STAT. Section-
79-1270 (Supp. 1984).

Commerce

o R is unlawful for any person, partnership, or corporation-
to sell, keep for sale, or give away in the course of trade,
any cigars, tobacco, cigarettes, or cigarette materials
without first obtaining a license. Reference Date lQlQ.-
NEB. REV. STAT. Section 28-1420 (1979).

Taxatlon

9 The tax rate per pa& is 27e and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

o One cent of the cigarette tax is placed in the Nebraska
Cancer Research Fund. Reference Date 1981. NEB.
REV. STAT. Section 77-2602 (Supp. 1984).

. The Tobacco Products Tax Act establishes that each first
owner of tobacco products to be sold in the state be
licensed. The cigarette tax is increased to 27e per pack-
age of 20 cigarettes. Reference Date 1947. NEB. REV.
STAT. Sections 59-1502,77-2602,77-2602.03,77-2609,
77-2713.2, 77-4001 to 77-4025 (Supp. 1988).

Health and Safety Regulations

The Game and Parks Commission may regulate smoking
in state parks and recreation grounds. Violation con-
stitutes a class V misdemeanor. Reference Date 1929.
NEB. REV. STAT. Sections 81-805(2) and (9) (1981).

Legislative appropriations to the Department of Health
are to be distributed to Nebraska's medical colleges and
post secondary educational institutions for cancer and
smoking disease research. The Department of Health
shall establish program criteria, application procedures
and other similar administrative procedures. Reference
Date 1981. NEB. REV. STAT. Sections 81-637 to 81-64C
(Supp. 1984).

98


Nevada

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o To protect human health and safety, smoking is
prohibited except in designated smoking areas in public
elevators, libraries, museums, public buses, public meet-
ings held in rooms located in public buildings including
university lecture and concert halls, hallways, waiting
rooms and cafeterias open to the public in state buildings,
in public waiting rooms, lobbies and hallways of health
care facilities and offices of heafth care professionals.
Additionally, smoking is prohibited in buildings owned or
operated by a public governmental agency and in hotels,
motels or restaurants when designated by the owner.
One who violates this section is subject to a fine between
$10 and $100. Reference Date 1975. NEV. REV. STAT.
Section 202.2491 (1988).

o Smoking in a mill or other building where notices prohibit-
ing smoking are posted constitutes a misdemeanor. Ref-
erence Date 1911. NEV. REV. STAT. Section 475.050
(1979).

Regulation of Sale to and Us8 of Tobacco PrOdUCt8 by
Minors

o Furnishing cigarettes, cigarette papers, ortobacco of any
description to one under 18 years of age is prohibited
without the written consent of the minor's parent or guar-
dian. Superintendents of juvenile facilities may supply
tobacco to minors 16 years or older who are confined to
institutions, with parental permission. A violator of this
section is subject to a fine up to $500. Subsequent
violations by tobacco dealers can resuft in license forfei-
ture. Reference Date 1911. NEV. REV. STAT. Section
202.010 (1979).

Commerce

o A is unlawful to employ one under 16 years of age to work
in a tobacco warehouse or tobacco manufacturing plant.
Reference Date 1919. NEV. REV. STAT. Section
609.190(1)(e)(1983).

o A person shall not engage in business as a dealer of
cigarettes in the State of Nevada unless he or she first
secures a wholesaler's or retailer's license from the state.
Reference Date 1947. NEV. REV. STAT. Section
370.080 (1983).

o lt is a misdemeanor to sell or offer for sale a cigarette that
contains cloves to the extent of 20 percent or more by
weight. Reference Date 1985. NEV. REV. STAT. Section
202.2495 (1988).

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 20~ and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

o The distribution of the proceeds from the cigarette tax are
reallocated. Reference Date 1983. NEV. REV. STAT.
Section 370.500 (1988).

o The rate of tax on cigarettes is increased contingent upon
the expiration of part of the federal tax. Reference Date
1977. NEV. REV. STAT. Sections 370.165 8 370.350
(1988).

Health and Safety Regulations

o The state forester firewarden may prohibit or restrict
smoking in any place other than a vehicle or cleared land
when there is a fire safety risk. Public announcements
and posted signs will be used to notify prohibition or
restrictions. Violation constitutes a misdemeanor. Refer-
ence Date 1953. NEV. REV. STAT. Section 473.065
(1983).

. Discarding lighted cigarettes or cigars from a moving
vehicle, or in a place where a fire may start is prohibited.
Violation is punishable as a misdemeanor. Reference
Date 1929. NEV. REV. STAT. Section 475.030 (1979).

New Hampshire

Llmltatlons on Smdrlng In Publk Places

o Smoking is restrfcted to designated smoking areas in
enclosed places that are publicly owned or supported by
tax revenues. Included are publicly owned, operated or
supported transportation, common carrier waiting rooms,
elevators, retail stores, entertainment facilities, educa-
tional facilities, government offices, polling places, health
care facilities, and public meetings. No-smoking signs are
to be posted and are not to be removed or defaced. Willful

refusal to obey restrictions is a violation and may be
enjoined. To enforce such a violation, the attorney
general may bring a civil action for appropriate relief.
Reference Date 1981. N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. Sections
155.45 to 155.49 (Supp. 1983).

o The Clean Indoor Air in Restaurants Act requires res-
taurants that seat 50 persons or more to designate non-
8rIIOking areas. Reference Date 1987. N.H. REV. STAT.
ANN. Sections 155:57 to 155:63 (Supp. 1987).

99


o Smoking is prohibited in grocery food stores. The person
in charge of the store is responsible for posting signs and
enforcement. Reference Date 1986. N.H. REV. STAT.
ANN. Sections 155:54 to 155:56 (Supp. 1986).

. Employers are required to establish and to adopt smoking
policies in the workplace. Reference Date 1986. N.H.
REV. STAT. ANN. Sections 155:50 to 155:53 (Supp.
1986).

Regulation8 of Sale to and Use of Tobacco PrOdUCt8 by
MlnOr8

o The sale and distribution of tobacco products to persons
under 18 years of age is prohibited and punishable by a
fine of $25 for the first offense. This includes tobacco
products in vending machines. Reference Date 1939.
N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. Sections 78:12-b & 78:12-c
(Supp. 1986).

Commerce

o Each manufacturer, wholesaler, subjobber, vending
machine operator, and retailer of tobacco products must
secure a license from the tax commissioner. Reference
Date 1939. N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 78:2 (1971).

. The commissioner shall refund the purchase price for
stamps destroyed after affixing to outdated, damaged, or
tobacco products that could not be sold. Reference Date
1939. N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. Section 78:lO (Supp.
1986).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 17c and was last changed in
1983. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o ff the Federal excise tax on cigarettes is abolished, the
rate of the New Hampshire cigarette tax shall be 250.
Reference Date 1939. N.H. REV. STAT. ANN. Section
78:7 (Supp. 1986).

Health and Safety RegUlatiOn8

o Discarding "flammable waste material" on, near, or ad-
jacent to roadways where fire might start in woodlands is
prohibited. When a fire hazard is proclaimed, smoking
may be prohibited in or near woodlands. Failure to comply
with these provisions constitutes a violation. Reference
Dates 1909, 1949, and 1951. N.H. REV. STAT. ANN.
SECTIONS 224.32 to 224.36 (Supp. 1983).

New Jersey

Llmitetlons on Smoking in Public Places

o One who smokes or carries lighted tobacco on public
transportation or in a public place where municipal or-
dinance or the person in control of the place prohibits
smoking is guilty of a petty offense and is subject to a fine
up to $200. Reference Date 1978. N.J. STAT. ANN.
Section 2C:33-13 (Supp. 1987).

o Legislative findings and declarations with respect to
smoking in public places recognize a conflict between
smokers' and nonsmokers' rights. Tobacco smoke is
stated to be, in addition to a health hazard to smokers, an
annoyance and nuisance to most nonsmokers, as well as
a substantial health hazard to some nonsmokers.

Smoking on passenger elevators, other than in a single
family dwelling, is prohibited, and signs must be posted
to that effect.

Smoking is also prohibited in health care facilities, except
in designated areas. Smoking is permitted in private
patient rooms or where all patients have consented, in
waiting rooms where nonsmoking areas can be provided,
in cafeterias seating 50 or more if an adequate nonsmok-
ing section can be provided, and enclosed employee
off ices if permitted by the person in control of the facility.
The state, its agencies, or political subdivisions may
suggest guidelines for nonsmoking areas. Smoking and

100

no-smoking signs must be posted at entrances to health
care facilities and in health care pmviders'waiting rooms.
Smoking is prohibited on school, college, university, and
professional training school premises, except in desig-
nated areas. Administrators of these institutions are to
make and enforce regulations to implement the prohibi-
tion. Designated smoking areas must be clearly marked
by posted signs at public entrances.

Nonsmoking areas must be established in indoor
theaters, libraries, museums, concert halls, auditoriums,
or other similar facilities, except sporting event facilities.

Employers must establish written rules to govern smoking
in the work place. The rules must contain a written policy-
and procedures to protect the health, welfare, and comfort
of employees from the detrimental effects of tobacco
smoke, which shall include designated nonsmoking
areas.

Smoking is prohibited in enclosed retail food and market-
ing stores. Violation of these restrictions on smoking
areas is punishable by a fine up to $100. Health depart-
ments are to notify the person in control of a building of
violations and order compliance. Failure to comply is
punishable by up to $25 for the first offense, up to $100
for the second offense, and up to $200 for each sub-
sequent offense. Courts may also order immediate com-
pliance. Court action is not available to an individual
complainant.


A joint committee composed of General Assembly com-
mittee members is to monitor and evaluate the effective-
ness of these provisions. The committee is also to receive
areportfromtheCommissionerof Health withintwoyears
of the Act's effective date to aid the committee in recom-
mending administrative or legislative changes. This Act's
provision supersedes other laws, except where municipal
ordinance prohibits smoking or where fire safety laws are
in effect in areas where smoking is permitted under this
Act. N.J. STAT. ANN. Sections 26:3D-1 to 26:3D-22
(West Supp. 1985). N.J. STAT. ANN. Sections 26:3D-23
to 26:3D-45 (West N.J. Session Law Service, Chs. 184,
186,318 (1955)).

o The Port Authority may regulate smoking in air terminals,
moored floating craft, and marine terminals where ap-
propriate signs are posted. Violation is punishable by a
fine up to $50 for the first offense or up to 30 days
imprisonment or both, by up to $100 or 60 days imprison-
ment for a second offense or both, and by $50 to $200 or
60 days imprisonment for subsequent offenses or both.
Reference Date 1953. N.J. STAT. ANN. Sections 32:1-
146.4 8 32:1-l 46.5 (West 1963).

o Smoking is prohibited where appropriate signs are posted
in or near Hudson Tubes. Violations are punishable by a
fine up to $50 or up to 30 days imprisonment or both.
Reference Date 1964. N.J. STAT. ANN. Sections 32:1-
146.8 & 32:1-l 46.9 (West Supp. 1985).

. New Jersey encourages restaurants to establish non-
smoking areas. Every restaurant is required to post signs
at every public entrance indicating whether or not it main-
tains a nonsmoking section. N.J. STAT. ANN. Sections
26:3E7to 26:3E13 (West N.J. Session Law Service, Ch.
185 (1985)).

o Smoking in places of employment, in certain restaurants,
and in enclosed retail and food marketing stores is con-
trolled. Reference Date 1985. N.J. STAT. ANN. Sections
26:3D-23 to 26:3D-45 and 26:3E-7 to 26:3E-13 (1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o One who furnishes cigarettes, cigarette papers, or tobac-
co in any form to a minor under 16 years of age is a
disorderly person, and violation is punishable by a fine up
to $100. Reference Date 1904. N.J. STAT. ANN. Section
2A:170-51 (West 1985).

Schools and School Heaith Education

o Violations by juveniles of the statute restricting smoking
in educational institutions are within the jursidiction of the
municipal court. Reference Date 1982. N.J. STAT. ANN.
Section 2A:4A-23 ( 1987).

Commerce

o Manufacturing tobacco in one's home is prohibited. Ref-
erence Date 1941. N.J. STAT. ANN. Section 34:6-
136.3(4) (West 1965).

Employing one under 18 years of age to prepare, sell, or
serve tobacco products is prohibited. Reference Date
1968. N.J. STAT. ANN. Section 34:2-21 .17 (West Supp.
1985).

No person shall engage in or conduct the business of
manufacturing, purchasing, selling, consigning, or dis-
tributing cigarettes without having first obtained an ap-
propriate license. Reference Date 1948. N.J. STAT. ANN.
Section 54:40A-3 (West 1960).

The revenue stamp discount for distributors is increased
and the number of vending machines and premises al-
lowable are also increased. Certain licensing thresholds
and penalties under Unfair Cigarette Sales Tax Act of
1952 are defined. Reference Date 1948. N.J. STAT.
ANN. Sections 54:4OA-4,54:40A-11 .l ,56:7-20 & 56:7-33
(1987).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 27c and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

o After 1983, $l,OOO,OOO of the cigarette surtax will be
deposited annually in the Cancer Research Fund, to be
appropriated toward funding of the New Jersey State
Commission on Cancer Research. Reference Date 1982.
N.J. STAT. ANN. Section 54:40A-37.1 (West Supp.
1985).

o A seven-member tobacco industry advisory council is
established in the Cigarette Tax Bureau to report to the
governor, director, and supervisor of the Bureau and to
give advice and counsel the enforcement and administra-
tion of the Cigarette Tax Act. Reference Date 1968. N.J.
STAT. ANN. Section 54:40A-45 (West Supp. 1985).

Health and Safety R8gUl8tlOn8

o Discarding lighted cigarettes or cigars in a forest is
prohibited. Reference Date 1981. N.J. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tion 13:9-44.7 (West Supp. 1985).

o One who negligently or knowingly starts a fire by discard-
ing a cigarette on forest land is liable for the costs incurred
in putting out the fire. Reference Date 1981. N.J. STAT.
ANN. Section 13:9-44.5 (West Supp. 1985).

o Smoking is prohibited near explosives. Reference Date
1971. N.J. STAT. ANN. Section 21 :1-132(D) (West Supp.
1985).

o Violation of the no-smoking provision near explosives is
punishable by fines of $25 to $500 for a first offense, $150
to $500 for a second offense, and $250 to $1,000 for
subsequent offenses. Permits are also revocable for
cause. Reference Date 1960. N.J. STAT. ANN. Section
21 :l A-140 (West 1969).

. Discarding an "object, article, or debris of any nature"
(deemed to include lighted cigarettes and cigars) from

101


vehicles is prohibited. Violation is punishable by a fine of
from $100 to $500. Registered owners or drivers are
presumed to be responsible for violations. Signs to this

effect are to be posted on highways. Reference Dates
1921 and 1975. N.J. STAT. ANN. Sections 39:4-64 8
39:4-64.1 (West Supp. 1985).

New Mexico

Llmltations on Smoking In Public Places             Taxation

o The New Mexico Clean Indoor Air Act makes it unlawful
for any person to smoke in a public place or at a public
meeting except in smoking- permitted areas. Public place
means any encfosed indoor area used by the public. For
places of employment, each employershall adapt, imple-
ment, and maintain a written smoking policy that shall
prohibit, at a minimum, smoking in elevators and nurses
aide stations or similar facilities for treatment of
employees and shall provide for smoke-free work areas
to accommodate employees who request such areas.

o The tax rate per pack is 15e and was last changed in
1986. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Hisfonw compdafbn, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o A 25 percent tobacco products tax is imposed on all
tobacco products. Reference Date 1953. N.M. STAT.
ANN. Sections 7-12-1 to 7-12-10 (1987).

o Any person who commits an unlawful act under The
Clean Indoor Air Act shall be fined not less than $10 nor
more than $250 for each violation. Reference Date 1985.
NM. STAT. ANN. Sections 24-16-l to 24-l 6-11 (1987).

o The law provides for an increase in the cigarette tax and
imposes an inventory tax. Reference Date 1978. N.M.
STAT. ANN. Sections 7-1-6.11, 7-12-3, 7-12-3.1, 7-12-
3.2 8 24-20-l (1987).

Commerce

o The cigarette excise tax is increased to the rate of 1 e for
each cigarette sold in the state. Reference Date 1953.
N.M. STAT. ANN. Sections 7-l-6.11, 7-12-1 8 7-12-3
(1987).

o Each person engaged in the business of selling cigarettes
in New Mexico must register with the state. Reference
Date 1953. N.M. STAT. ANN. Section 7-12-9 (1983).

Heafth and Safety Regulations

o Smoking or carrying smoking materials is prohibited in

. No person shall sell clove cigarettes in New Mexico.
Violation is a petty misdemeanor. Reference Date 1985.
N.M. STAT. ANN. Sections 57-2-14 8 57-2-l 5 (1987).

.  mines or in or near magazines and violation constitutes
a misdemeanor. Mine operators are required to search
employees at least once a week for such articles. Refer-
ence Date 1933. N.M. STAT. ANN. Sections 69-13-2,
69-13-3, 69-l 9-5, 69-20-l 7 & 69-32-6 (Supp. 1983).

New York

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in churches and schools used as
voter registration places. Reference Date 1976. N.Y.
ELEC. LAW Section 5-204(7) (Consol. 1977).

9 Smoking is prohibited on public transportation vehicles,
or in any indoor facility open to the public as a library,
museum, or theatre, except by performers as part of the
theatrical production. Violation is punishable by a fine
between $10 and $100. Restrooms, separate lobbies,
and other designated smoking areas are exempted. Ref-
erence Date 1975. N.Y. PUB HEALTH LAW Sections
1300-o to 1399q (Consol. Supp. 1984). (A complaint
form is provided following the text of Section 1399-o that
may be filed against one who starts a fire in a building by
smoking.)

o Smoking or possessing lighted cigarettes and cigars in or
near New York Port Authority controlled air and marine
terminals where no-smoking signs are posted is
prohibited. Violation is punishable by a fine of up to $50
or up to 30 days imprisonment for a first offense or both,
$25 to $50 or up to 60 days imprisonment or both for a
second offense, and $50 to $200 or 60 days imprison-
ment or both for subsequent offenses. Reference Date
1953. N.Y. UNCONSOL. LAWS Ch. 170, Sections 1 8 2
(Consol. 1984).

. Smoking is restricted to designated areas in factories.
No-smoking notices must be posted as directed by the
fire commissioner. Reference Date 1921. N.Y. LAB. LAW
Section 283 (Consol. 1983).

102


Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o A person, business, or corporation in control of a place
that sells tobacco products is required to post a sign that
states that sale of cigars, cigarettes, chewing tobacco,
powdered tobacco, or other tobacco products to one
under 18 years of age is prohibited. A violation of this
section is punishable by a fine up to $100 for the first
offense and up to $250 for all subsequent violations.
Reference Date 1965. N.Y. GEN. BUS. LAW Section
399-e (Consol. Supp. 1984).

o One who sells tobacco in any form to one under 18 years
of age is guilty of a class B misdemeanor. ft is no defense
that a chikf was acting as an agent for another. Reference
Date 1965. N.Y. PENAL LAW Section 260.20(5) (Consol.
1984).

Commerce

o No person shall be a cigarette wholesale dealer unless
he has been granted and publicly displays in his place of
business a license from the Department of Taxation and
Finance. Reference Date 1939. N.Y. TAX LAW Section
480 (Consol. 1975).

o Cigarette marketing standards to regulate and control the
sale price of cigarettes within the state at wholesale and
retail levels have been established and are defined. Ref-
erence Date 1985. N.Y. TAX LAW Sections 483 to 487
(Consol. 1987).

Taxat Ion

o The tax rate per pack is 21t and was last changed in
1983. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

Health and Safety Regulations

o Smoking is prohibited within 150 feet of ships, docks,
warehouses, piers, wharfs, and other places where
petroleum oil is stored or kept for export. Violation con-
stitutes a misdemeanor. Reference Dates 1909 and
1965. N.Y. GEN. BUS. LAW Sectians 306 8 306-a (Con-
sol. 1980).

9 Following New York's Uniform Commercial Code Section
2-314 (which makes the seller of unmerchantable goods
civilly liable) a complaint form for the sale of adufterated
cigarettes (e.g. a dead mouse in the tobacco) is provided.
N.Y. U.C.C. SECTION 2-314 (Consol. 1981) (Form
No. 5).

North Carolina

Regulations of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

Commerce

o Selling cigarettes or cut tobacco to one under 17 years of
age is prohibited and is punishable by a fine up to $500
and/or imprisonment for upto six months. Reference Date
1891. N.S. GEN. STAT. Section 14-313 (1981).

o No person shall engage in the business of a distributor of
  cigarettes without having obtained a license from the
Secretary of State. Reference Date 1969. N.C. GEN.
  STAT. Section 105-l 13.11 (1979).

Taxatlon

Regulation of Advertising Practices

o The promotion or sale and use of tobacco statutes is
amended and dariiied in regards to flue-cured tobacco
farmers. Reference Date 1959. N.C. GEN. STAT. Sec-
tions 106-568.20 to 106-568.36 (Supp. 1987).

o The tax rate per pack is 2u and was last changed in 1969.
The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobaccxx
Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o Income tax deductions are provided for marketing as-
sessments on tobacco grown in North Carolina. Refer-
ence Date 1967. N.C. GEN. STAT. Sections 105-130.5
& 105-147 (Supp. 1987).

North Dakota

Limitations on Smoking in Public Places

o Forthe purpose of separating smokers from nonsmokers,
nonsmoking areas must be provided in all places of public

assembly, and are to be designated by the person con-
trolling the place of public assembly. Smoking areas may
not exceed 50 percent of the total area. Places of public
assembly include enclosed theatres, elevators, health

103


care facilities, state owned buildings such as hospitals,
state institutions, office buildings, libraries, public educa-
tion buildings, and public transportation vehicles. Res-
taurants and other food service establishments with seat-
ing capacity for more than 50 people are also included.
Maximum penalty for violation is $100. Reference Date
1977. N.D. CENT. CODE Sections 23-l 2-09 to 23-12-l 1
(Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigarettes, cigarette papers, cigars, snuff, or
tobacco in any other form to a minor, and smoking or use
by a minor of cigarettes, cigarette papers, cigars, snuff,
or tobacco in any other form constitute class B mis-
demeanors. Reference Date 1973. N.D. CENT. CODE
Section 12.1-31-03 (1976).

. A minor is defined as a person under 18 years of age.
Reference Date 1877. N.D. CENT CODE Section 14-1 O-
01 (1981).

Commerce

o Each person engaged in the business of selling cigaret-
tes, cigarette papers, snuff, cigars, or tobacco must

secure a license from the attorney general. Reference
Date 1941. N.D. CENT. CODE Section 57-36-02 (1983).

The license fees for wholesalers and retailers of tobacco
products is revised. Reference Date 1965. N.D. CENT.
CODE Sections 43-31-l 4,43-33-08,43-33-l 1, 53-06.1-
03,57-36-02,62.1-01-01 862.1-04-03 (Supp.1987).

Cigarette distributors and wholesalers may not sell un-
used stamps. The stamps may be returned for 95 percent
of their face value. Reference Date 1941. N.D. CENT.
CODE Sections 57-36-07, 57-36-12 8 57-36-25 (Supp.
1987).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 27c and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

o An additional tax of 6 1 I2 mills on each cigarette is levied.
Reference Date 1965. N.D. CENT. CODE Section 57-36-
32 (Supp. 1987).

o The excise tax on cigars, snuff, and other tobacco
products is increased from 11 to 25 percent of the
wholesale purchase price. Reference Date 1963. N.D.
CENT. CODE Sections 57-36-25 to 57-36-28 (Supp.
1987).

Llmltations on Smoking in Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited on public transportation vehicles
where no smoking areas are clearly posted. Violation
constitutes a minor misdemeanor. Reference Date 1984.
OHIO REV. CODE ANN. Sections 2917.41(2) 8 (3)(E)
(Page Supp. 1984).

o Nonsmoking areas must be designated by posted signs
in places of public assembly, including enclosed theatres,
indoor recreational facilities, classrooms, elevators,
rooms in health care facilities, state owned buildings
including office buildings, public transportation vehicles,
and other public places with a seating capacity of at least
50 people. Smoking is prohibited in designated nonsmok-
ing areas. Restaurants, bowling alleys, and taverns are
expressly excluded from coverage. Violation constitutes
a minor misdemeanor. Reference Date 1981. OHIO REV.
CODE ANN. Section 3791.031 (Page Supp. 1984).

. Upon astreet railway employee's request, one is required
to stop smoking in a passenger car. Maximum penalty is
$10. Reference Date 1953. OHIO REV. CODE ANN.
Sections 4951.57 & 4951.99(c) (Page 1977).

Ohio

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

9 Furnishing cigarettes or other tobacco products to one
under 18 years of age by manufacturers, producers,
distributors, wholesalers, or retailers is prohibited, and-
selling tobacco products is prohibited in a place without
a posted sign prohibiting furnishing of tobacco products-
to one under 18 years of age. A first violation constitutes-
a fourth degree misdemeanor and subsequent violations-
constitute a third degree misdemeanor. Reference Date-
1984. OHIO REV. CODE ANN. Section 2927.02 (Page
Supp. 1984).

Schools and School Health Education

o Graded courses of study prescribed for schools include
heatth education with instruction in the use and effects of
cigarettes. Reference Date 1980. OHIO REV. CODE-
ANN. Section 3313.60(E) (Page Supp. 1984).

Commerce

o No dwelling place may be used to manufacture tobacco
for sale, except by members of the family living there,
unless it complies with state requirements. Reference
Date 1953. OHIO REV. CODE ANN. Section 4107.15-
(Page 1980).

104


o No person shall engage in the wholesale or retail busi-
ness of trafficking in cigarettes without a license. Refer-
ence Date 1959. OHIO REV. CODE ANN. Section
5743.15 (1980).

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 18~ and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

Health and Safety Regulations

Smoking or carrying lighted smoking tobacco is
prohibited where fireworks are stored, and a no-smoking
sign must be displayed over the entrance to the storage
area. Violation is punishable by a fine of between $25 and
$500. Reference Date 1953. OHIO REV. CODE ANN.
Sections 3743.30 & 3743.99(A) (Page 1980).

Smoking or carrying smoking materials is prohibited in
mines. Smoking in or about surface structures is
restricted to places where a fire or explosion cannot
occur. Reference Date 1984. OHIO REV. CODE ANN.

o Smoking in a self-service gasoline filling station is
prohibited and a no-smoking sign must be posted on each
self-service pump island. Reference Date 1979. OHIO
REV. CODE ANN. SECTION 3741.14(8)(5)(b) (Page
1980).

Section 4157.65 (Page Supp. 1984).

o Membersof the Senate support and desire a tobacco-free
young Ohio by the year 2000. Uncodified. SR 154 of the
117th OHIO GENERAL ASSEMBLY (1987).

Oklahoma

Limitations on Smoklng In Public Places             Schools and School Health Education

o Possession of lighted tobacco is declared a nuisance and
a public heafth danger, and is prohibited in elevators,
indoor theatres, libraries, indoor exhibits, recreational
facilities, and buses, except where "Smoking Permitted"
signs are posted in areas separate from the main area. A
knowing violation is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine
of between $10 and $100. Reference Date 1975. OKLA.
STAT. ANN. Tile 21, Section 1247 (West 1983).

. The "Smoking in Public Places Act" prohibits smoking in
a public place not designated as a smoking area. Refer-
ence Date 1987. OKLA. STAT. ANN. Tile 63, Sections
1-1521 to 1-1527 (West Supp. 1988).

. Tobacco is expressly included as a drug in the Drug
Abuse Education Act of 1972, which requires that the
effects of drug use be taught. The purpose of the Act is
to ensure the development of a comprehensive drug
abuse education program for students in grades one
through twelve. Implementation includes inservice
teacher training. Reports are to be made to the legislature
each year by the State Department of Education regard-
ing the status of the program. Reference Date 1972.
OKLA. STAT. ANN. Title 70, Sections 1210.221 to
1210.228 (West 1972 & Supp. 1984-1985).

Commerce

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Mlnors

o Furnishing cigarettes, cigarette papers, cigars, snuff,
chewing tobacco, and other tobacco products to a minor
is prohibited and punishable by a fine of between $25 and
$200 and imprisonment of between 10 and 90 days. Any
minor in possession of cigarettes or cigarette papers who
refuses to tell where and from whom he or she got the
cigarettes is guilty of a misdemeanor. ff the minor is 16
years of age or older, he or she may be fined up to $5 or
be imprisoned for up to five days or both. Minors under
16 years of age are to be referred to juvenile court for
action that the court deems proper. One fourth of the
collected fines are paid to the complaining witness and
the remainder to county road funds. Reference Date
1915. OKLA. STAT. ANN. Tiile 21, Sections 1241 & 1242
(West Supp. 1988).

o Each manufacturer, wholesaler, warehouseman, jobber,
or distributor of cigarettes in Oklahoma must obtain a
license from the tax commission. Reference Date 1975.
OKLA. STAT. ANN. Title 68, Section 304 (1966).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 23~ and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

Health and Safety Regulations

o A minor is defined as a person under 18 years of age.
Reference Date 1972. OKLA. STAT. ANN. Title 15, Sec-
tion 13 (West 1983).

o Depositing litter, defined in part as "any flaming or glowing
;;extafces..., [or] any substance which m,ay cause a
   . . . . . on roadways or other publrc property IS prohibited
and is punishable by a fine of up to $100 or 30 days
imprisonment, or both. Courts may require violators to
pick up litter on a court directed schedule in lieu of
imprisonment. Reference Date 1957. OKLA. STAT. ANN.
Tile 21, Section 1753.3 (West 1983).

105


o Tobacco use is prohibited in rooms where dairy products    . Smoking is prohibited in mining areas where flammables
are unpacked or exposed. Reference Date 1965. OKLA.
STAT. ANN. Trfe 2, Section 7-205 (West 1973).         or explosives are stored, or in other areas where fire or
                             explosion hazards exist. No-smoking sfgns must be

o No-smoking signs must be posted where fireworks are
sold. Reference Date 1969. OKLA. STAT. ANN. Title 68,
Section 1623(a) (West Supp. 1984-l 986).

posted. Reference Date 1978. OKLA. STAT. ANN. Title
45, Section 910( 1 O)(B) (West 1979).

o Similar provisions are provided for storage and use of
explosives for mining. Reference Date 1981. OKLA.
STAT. ANN. Title 45, Sections 911 (A)(8) & (C)(5) (West
Supp. 1984-l 985).

Oregon

Llmltations on Smoking In Pubik Places

o Smoking is prohibited in public elevators and "No-Smok-
ing' signs must be posted. Violation of the smoking
prohibition is punishable by a $10 fine for each violation,
and violation of the sign posting requirement is punish-
able by a fine of $100. Reference Date 1975. OR. REV.
STAT. Section 479.015 (1983).

o Smoking is prohibited in hospital rooms and other patient
care areas unless specifically designated otherwise. Ref-
erence Date 1977. OR. REV. STAT. Section 441.815
(1983).

o Smoking in or carrying lighted smoking instruments into
public meetings is prohibited. Violation is punishable by
a $10 fine. Reference Date 1973. OR. REV. STAT. Sec-
tions 192.710 8 192.990 (1983).

o Because smoking is found to be a health hazard, smoking
is restricted to designated smoking areas in state-
operated places of employment. The state's personnel
division is required to adopt rules and standards to imple-
ment this provision. This section also requires state agen-
cies and departments providing employee lounges to
provide smoke-free lounge areas and to prohibit smoking
in nonsmoking areas. Offices occupied exclusively by
smokers are exempt. Reference Date 1977. OR. REV.
STAT. Sections 243.345 & 243.350 (1983).

. The Oregon Indoor Clean Air Act's stated policy is to
reduce the health hazard of tobacco smoke exposure in
confined places by requiring nonsmoking areas in public
places, including restaurants, indoor recreational
facilities, retail stores, banks, commercial businesses,
educational facilities, nursing homes, meeting rooms,
grocery stores, and rooms in which jury deliberation oc-
curs.

o The person in charge of the public place is to designate
nonsmoking areas and to post appropriate signs. No
public place allows smoking in all areas except bars,
offices occupied exclusively by smokers, private social

functions under the sponsor's control, retail tobacco busi-
nesses, and restaurants with 30 or fewer seats.

The Health Division is responsible for adopting rules
implementing and enforcing compliance by actions to
enjoin repeated violations, Violation of provisions relating
to improper designation of smoking areas and sign post-
ing requirements are punishable by a fine totaling no
more than $100 within a 30day period. Reference Date
1981. OR. REV. STAT. Sections 433.835 to 433.990(5)
(1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Endangering the welfare of a minor under 18 years of age
includes furnishing tobacco and smoking paraphernalia
and constitutes a class A misdemeanor. Reference Date
1971. OR. REV. STAT. Section 163.575 (1983).

Schools and School Health Education

9 As part of instruction in ethics and morality, the course of
study in public schools includes the effects of smoking.
Reference Date 1975. OR. REV. STAT. Section
336.067(d) (1983).

Commerce

o Every person desiring to engage in the sale of cigarettes
as a distributor or wholesaler must obtain a license from
the Oregon Department of Revenue. Reference Date
1965. OR. REV. STAT. Sections 323.105 & 323.107
(1981).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 27c and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o The changes in the interest rate paid on refunds of excess
cigarette taxes are defined. Reference Date 1969. OR.
REV, STAT, Sections 118.230, 118.350, 118.865,

106


119.220, 293.250,305.115,305.830,314.105, 323.318,
323.330,323.401 & 496.385 (1987).

o The tax rate for cigarettes sold by wmmon carriers is
increased to that of cigarette distributors. Reference Date
1965. OR. REV. STAT. Sections 323.040 8 323.225
(1987).

Heafth and Safety Regulations

o Discarding lighted tobacco, cigars or cigarettes on forest
lands, private roads, public highways, or railroad right of
ways is prohibited. Operators of public conveyances must
post a copy of this provision, Reference Date 1957. OR.
REV. STAT. Section 476.715 (1983).

Limitations on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in hospital patient care areas,

o Persons causing fires as a result of violating the above
provision is civilly liable for all expenses of fighting the fire.
Reference Date 1971. OR. REV. STAT. Section 477.090
(1983).

o During closed season in forest protection districts, smok-
ing while working in or traveling through a district is
unlawful. Reference Date 1959. OR. REV. STAT. Section
477.510 (1983).

o Violation of Section 477.510 is punishable by a fine of up
to $1,000 or 60 days imprisonment or both. Reference
Date 1963. OR. REV. STAT. Section 477.993( 1) (1983).

Pennsylvania

nonsmoking patient rooms, and designated nonsmoking
public areas of hospitals. Only patients may smoke in
designated smoking patient rooms. One who violates this
section is subject to a $10 fine and costs of prosecution.
Reference Date 1977. PA. STAT. ANN. Title 35, Section
361 (Purdon Supp. 1985).

o Smoking is prohibited in any aud'korium, balcony, or
gallery of any theatre. Reference Date 1927. PA. STAT.
ANN. Tile 35, Section 1225 (Purdon 1977).

o City councils in first through third class cities may prohibit
smoking or carrying lighted tobacco products in retail
stores accommodating 300 people or more, or employing
25 or more workers. Regulation may be imposed in stores
accommodating 100 or more people and 10 or more
employees in third class. However, city councils may not,
under this Act, prohibit smoking in any restaurant,
restroom, beauty parlor, executive office, or any desig-
nated smoking room. Reference Date 1947. PA. STAT.
ANN. Title 53, Sections 3702 8 37403(33) (Purdon 1972
8 1957).

Reguiatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

. ft is a summary offense to furnish cigarettes, cigarette
papers, or tobacco in any form to one under 16 years of
age. Violation of this section is punishable by a fine up to
$25 for the first offense and up to $100 for the second
offense. Subsequent offenses constitute a third degree
misdemeanor. Reference Date 1972. PA. STAT. ANN.
Tile 18, Sections 6305 & 6306 (Purdon 1983).

Commerce

o Persons under 16 years of age are not to be employed in
stripping or sorting tobacco. Reference Date 1971. PA.
STAT. ANN. Title 43, Section 44 (Purdon Supp. 1985).

o Provisions governing industrial homework, based on the
legislature's recognition that such work is harmful to
society, prohibit manufacturing tobacco in a contractor's
or employer's home without a permit. Continued viola-
tions may be enjoined. Labels or other identification
marks must be affixed to materials manufactured by
home workers. Fines up to $1,000 or imprisonment up to
60 days or both may also be imposed for violations, and
$5,000 fines or imprisonment for 60 to 90 days or both
will be imposed for a second violation within five years of
conviction. Permits may be revoked for conviction. Ref-
erence Date 1937. PA. STAT. ANN. Tile 43, Sections
491-l to 491-21.1 (Purdon 1964 & Supp. 1985).

o No person, unless ail of his or her sales of cigarettes are
exempt from tax, shall sell any cigarettes within the state
without a license. PA. STAT. ANN. Tile 72, Section
3168.401 (Purdon 1964).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 18c and was last changed in
1970. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

Health and Safety Regulations

o Smoking on board any ship within 150 feet of a maritime
wharf where petroleum is stored is prohibited, unless the
person in control of the wharf gives wriien permission. A
knowing violation constitutes a misdemeanor for which

107


the violator may be fined up to $50 or up to six months
imprisonment or both. Reference Date 1878. PA. STAT.
ANN. Title 55, Sections 442 8 443 (Purdon 1964).

o Smoking while handling explosives in a nongassy mine
is prohibited. Reference Date 1961. PA. STAT. ANN. Tile
52, Section 701-262(j) (Purdon 1966).

Rhode Island

Llmltatlons on Smoking in Public Places

o Smoking is declared a public nuisance and public health
danger, and is prohibited in the following public places:
elevators, indoor theatres, libraries, art galleries,
museums, concert halls, buses, schools, colleges, super-
markets, medical offices, and hospitals. Smoking is per-
mitted in areas of places listed above that are separate
from use by the public. Eating places with a seating
capacity of 50 or more people are required to have
separate seating arrangements for smokers and non-
smokers. No-smoking signs must be posted and the
person in control of a public area must make reasonable
efforts to prevent smoking. A violation of this section is
punishable by a fine between $10 and $100. Bars,
nightclubs, lounges, dance clubs, and privately spon-
sored social functions are exempt from these provisions.
Reference Date 1977. RI. GEN. LAWS Sections 23-
20.6-1, 23-20.6-2 8 23.20.6-4 (1979 8 Supp. 1984).

o No-smoking signs must be posted prohibiting smoking in
stables and surrounding areas. Reference Date 1976.
R.I. GEN. LAWS Sections 23.28.31-2 8 23-28.31-8
(1979).

* The Workplace Smoking Pollution Control Act requires
employers to adopt a smoking policy and post signs for
designated smoking areas. Reference Date 1986. R.I.
GEN. LAWS Sections 23-20.7-l to 23-20.7-7 (Supp.
1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing any tobacco product to one under 16 years of
age is prohibited and violation is punishable by a maxi-
mum fine of $250 for each offense. A person under 16
years of age who smokes or chews tobacco in any form
in public is subject to a fine of $5. Reference Date 1896.
R.I. GEN. LAWS Section 11-9-l 3 (Supp. 1987).

Commerce

Persons under 16 years of age may not be employed in
stripping, sorting, manufacturing, or packing tobacco.
Reference Date 1943. R.I. GEN. LAWS Section 28-3-9
(1979).

Each person engaged in the business of selling cigarettes
in Rhode Island must secure a license from the tax
administrator. Reference Date 1939. R.I. GEN. LAWS
Section 44-20-2 (1980).

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 25~ and was last changed in
1986. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o The rate of tax on unstamped cigarettes is increased to
12.5 mills for each cigarette. Reference Date 1948. R.I.
GEN. LAWS Section 44-20-13 (Supp. 1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

. No-smoking signs must be posted at gas dispenser is-
lands. Reference Date 1976. R.I. GEN. LAWS Section
23-28.22-l 5 (1979).

o Discarding lighted cigarettes, cigars, or ashes where they
are likely to cause a forest, brush, grass, or woods fire,
and discarding objects from a moving vehicle are
prohibited. This section is punishable by a fine between
$25 and $100. Reference Date 1970. R.I. GEN. LAWS
Section 2-l 2-9 (1976).

o Carelessly causing a fire on another's land or on an
adjacent highway is punishable by a fine between $25
and $200 or by imprisonment between five and 30 days
or both. lf causing the fire is willful, punishment is a fine
up to $200 or imprisonment between 30 days and five
years or both. Reference Date 1970. R.I. GEN. LAWS
Section 2-12-l 0 (1976).

108


South Carolina

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking on school buses is prohibited while the bus is in
operation. Reference Date 1937. SC. CODE ANN. Sec-
tion 59-67-l 50 (Law. Co-op 1977).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigarettes, tobacco, cigarette papers, or any
substitute therefore, to one under 18 years of age is
prohibited. A violation of this section is punishable by a
fine between $25 and $100, or by imprisonment for be-
tween two months and one year or both. One half of any
fine imposed is paid to the informer. Reference Date
1889. S.C. CODE ANN. Section 16-l 7-500 (Law. Coop
1985).

Commerce

o Every person engaged in the business of selling, pur-
chasing, or distributing cigars, cigarettes, snuff or smok-

ing or chewing tobacco at wholesale or through vending
machines must obtain a license to engage in such busi-
ness. Reference Date 1962. S.C. CODE ANN. Section
12-21-660 (Law. Co-op 1977).

. The South Carolina Tax Commission requires tobacco
distributors and purchasers to obtain licenses. Reference
Date 1962. S.C. CODE ANN. Section 12-21-670 (Supp.
1987).

Taxation

* The tax rate per pack is 7e and was last changed in 1977.
The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobacco:
Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

Health and Safety Regulations

o No-smoking signs must be posted in places where
fireworks are stored and sold. Reference Date 1962. S.C.
CODE ANN. Sections 23-35-90 & 23-35-l 00 (Law. Co-op
1977).

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in any hospital or medical or dental
clinic, nursing home, public library, museum, indoor
theater or concert hall, elementary or secondary school
building, public conveyance, jury room, elevator, public
meeting, and any building constructed, maintained or
supported by tax revenues for public purposes. Res-
taurant proprietors may designate a portion of their estab-
lishment with a seating capacity of 100 or more persons
as nonsmoking. Reference Date 1974. S.D. CODIFIED
LAWS ANN. Section 22-36-2 (Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Municipalities possess the authority to prohibit furnishing
cigarettes to minors or use of cigarettes by minors. Ref-
erence Date 1980. SD. CODIFIED LAWS ANN. Section
9-29-8 (1981).

o A minor is defined as a person under 18 years of age.
Reference Date 1877. S.D. CODIFIED LAWS ANN. Sec-
tion 26-1-1 (1984).

o ft is a Class 2 misdemeanor to knowingly sell or give any
tobacco product to a minor. H is a petty offense for any
minor to purchase, attempt to purchase, possess, or
consume any tobacco product. Reference Date 1987.
S.D. CODIFIED LAWS ANN. Sections 10-46-8.3 8 15-7-
17 (1987).

South Dakota

o The use of smokeless tobacco by, or the sale of smoke-
less tobacco to minors is prohibited and violation is a petty
offense. Reference Date 1986. S.D. CODIFIED LAWS
ANN. Sections 26-l O-20 & 26-l O-21 (Supp. 1987).

Commerce

o Municipalities possess the power to license and regulate
the manufacture and sale of tobacco products. Reference
Date 1890. S.D. CODIFIED LAWS ANN. Section 9-34-6
(1981).

. Certain fees affecting tobacco, motor vehicles, and motor
fuel sales are revised. Reference Date 1955. S.D.
CODIFIED LAWS ANN. Sections lo-l-13 & 10-I-16.1
(Supp. 1987).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 23~ and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o The tax rate on tangible personal property sold through
vending machines is increased. Reference Date 1987.
S.D. CODIFIED LAWS ANN. Section 10-45-8.2 (Supp.
1987).

o The sales tax exemption for the sale of cigarettes is
repealed. Reference Date 1935. S.D. CODIFIED LAWS
ANN. Sections 1 O-45-8.2 8 1 O-45-1 1 (Supp. 1987).

109


Health and Safety Regulations

o Discarding burning tobacco products from a vehicle is
prohibited, and is punishable as a Class 2 misdemeanor.
Reference Date 1937. SD. CODIFIED LAWS ANN. Sec-
tion 34-35-8 (1977).

o No-smoking signs must be posted where fireworks are
sold. Reference Date 1971. S.D. CODIFIED LAWS ANN.
Section 34-37-l 0.3 (1977).

Tennessee

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigarettes, cigars, pipes, tobacco, or other
tobacca products and smoking paraphernalia to a minor
under 18 years of age is prohibited. Minors are prohibited
from procuring cigarettes, cigars, pipes, smokeless
tobacco, or other tobacco products and smoking
paraphernalia and are prohibited from misrepresenting
their age to obtain these materials. Merchants shall
demand identification containing proof of age before they
may sell cigarettesto a person who appears to be a minor.
Signs must be posted where smoking materials are sold
stating the prohibitions and punishments for violation.
Law enforcement officers who send minors, with parental
consent, to buy smoking materials are not committing a
violation or an act of entrapment. Vendors whoviolate any
of these prohibitions on three occasions are prohibited
from selling smoking materials for five years. Each viola-
tion is punishable by a fine up to $500 and imprisonment
for up to six months. Reference Date 1981. TENN. CODE
ANN. Sections 39-4-411 to 39-4-418 (1982).

o The dissemination, purchase, or acquisition of smokeless
tobacco products to or by a minor is unlawful. Reference
Date 1981. TENN. CODE ANN. Sections 39-4-411 to
39-4-417 (Supp. 1987).

Commerce

o Every person engaged in the business of selling, distribut-
ing, or handling tobacco products in Tennessee must
obtain a license to engage in such business. Reference
Date 1937. TENN. CODE ANN. Section 367-4-1015
(1983).

. The type of burley seed unlawful for sale unless certified
is defined. Reference Date 1972. TENN. CODE ANN.
Section 43-l O-l 05 (1988).

o The licensing fees for retailers of tobacco products are
eliminated. Reference Date 1937. TENN. CODE ANN.
Sections 67-4-1015 & 67-4-l 019 (Supp. 1987).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pads is 13e and was last changed in
1969. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

9 The Unfair Cigarette Sales Law is revised to levy an
additional sales tax on cigarettes and to provide for strict
enforcement of the law. Reference Date 1949. TENN.
CODE ANN. Sections 47-25-302, 47-25-308 to 47-25-
31 2 & 67-4-l 002 to 67-4-l 009 (Supp. 1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

o No-smoking signs must be posted where fireworks are
sold or stored. The presence of smoking materials within
10 feet of where fireworks are stored or sold is prohibited.
Violation is punishable by a fine of from $50 to $200 or 30
to 60 days imprisonment or both. Reference Date 1959.
TENN. CODE ANN. Sections 68-22-l 11 8 68-22-l 14
(Supp. 1984).

o Smoking is restricted in mines and mining areas where
flammable materials are stored. Violation is punishable-
by a fine between $50 and $500 or by imprisonment up
to six months or both. Reference Dates 1951 and 1953.
TENN. CODE ANN. Sections 59-6-103(b), 59-6-l 17,59-
6-510 &59-7-106(b) (1980).

Texas

Limitations on Smoklng in Public Places

o Smoking or possession of a burning tobacco product is
prohibited in primary and secondary schools, elevators,
  indoor theaters, libraries, museums, hospitals, public

buses, planes, and trains, or as part of a theatrical produc-
tion, except in designated areas. Signs must be posted_
stating that smoking is prohibited. Failure to post the sign
is a defense to prosecution, as is a failure to provide
facilities to extinguish smoking materials. One who

110


violates this section is guilty of a class C misdemeanor.
Reference Date 1975. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. Section
48.01 (Vernon Supp. 1985).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Mlnors

o Furnishing cigarettes or tobacco in any form to one under
16 years of age, without parental consent, is punishable
by a fine between $10 and $100. Reference Date 1899.
TEX. CIV. CODE ANN. Section 4476-l 6 (Vernon 1976).

Schools and School Health Education

o Students are prohibited from smoking at any school re-
lated or sanctioned activity on or off public school proper-
ty. Reference Date 1987. TEX. EDUC. CODE Section
21.927 (Vernon 1988).

9 A school health education program relating to smoking
and cancer is to be included in the curriculum for students
from kindergarten through grade twelve. Uncodified. Act
1985 69th Legislature HCR 2 (1985).

Commerce

o A person may not engage in business as a distributor,
wholesale dealer, or retail dealer of cigarettes unless he
has received a permit from the Comptroller of Public
Accounts of the State of Texas. Reference Date 1935.
TEX. TAX CODE ANN. Sections 154.001 & 154.101
(Vernon 1982).

o Neighborhood convenience stores are to sell cigarette
papers only if they are accompanied by loose tobacco.
Uncodified. Act 1987 70th Legislature HCR 177 (1987).

Utah

Llmltatlons on Smoking In Public Places

o As an offense against the public welfare, smoking in a
public place or at a public meeting place is prohibited
except in designated smoking areas, unless an entire
place is used for a private social function with seating
arrangements controlled by the function's sponsor. Also
in workplaces not frequented by the public and where
smoke pollution is detrimental to the health or comfort of
nonsmcking employees, the local health board is to draw
up smoking rules to govern workplace smoking.

o Cigarette and tobacco taxes and permits as they relate to
wholesalers and distributors are defined. Reference Date
1935. TEX. TAX CODE. ANN. Sections 154.001 to
155.110 (Vernon 1988).

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 20.5~ and was last changed in
1985. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

o The provisions relating to the payment of cigarette taxes
are defined. Reference Date 1981. TEX. TAX CODE
ANN. Sections 154.050(b) to 154.052(a) (Vernon 1988).

o The administration of the cigarette tax stamp is the duty
of the state treasurer. Reference Date 1935. TEX. TAX
CODE ANN. Sections 154.041, 154.043, 154.047,
154.055 & 154.056 (Vernon 1988).

Health and Safety Regulations

o Permitting lighted smoking materials within 10 feet of
areas where fireworks are sold is prohibited. No-smoking
signs must be posted. The maximum penalty for violation
is a fine of up to $1,000, one year's imprisonment or both.
Reference Date 1957. TEX. CIV. CODE ANN. Sections
9205(7) & (11) (Vernon Supp. 1985).

. Minors are prohibited from carrying a lighted pipe or fire
in any form where they will endanger the lives of others.
Reference Date 1907. TEX. CIV. CODE ANN. Section
591 Oa (Vernon Supp. 1985).

o The 69th Legislature supports the goal of a smokeless
teenage society by the year 2000. Uncodified. Act 1985
69th Legislature HCR 4 (1985).

Public place is defined as any enclosed, indoor area used
by the general public or serving as a place of work
including, but not limited to, restaurants, health care
offices, and other commercial establishments, nursing
homes, auditoriums, theatres, arenas, meeting rooms,
and buildings constructed, maintained, or otherwise sup-
ported by tax revenues in whole or in part. In addition,
enclosed indoor areas where the proprietor posts no-
smoking signs are considered public places. Violation
constitutes a class C misdemeanor. Local health boards
may also institute court action to enjoin repeated viola-
tions. Reference Date 1976. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections
76-10-101. 76-10-106. and 76-10-108 to 76-10-110
(1978).

o Criminal statutory sections 76-10-106 and 76-10-108
through 76-l O-l 10 are deemed to be public health laws
enforceable by the health departments. The Health
Department is empowered to adopt rules to implement

Persons in control of public places may designate smok-
ing areas, except places where smoking is prohibited by
the fire marshal or some other law and are responsible
for posting appropriate signs and arranging for seating
and ventilation to provide smokefree areas.

111


these criminal provisions. Reference Date 1981. UTAH
CODE ANN. Sections 26-15-11 & 26-15-12 (1984).

o Smoking on any bus except a chartered bus constitutes
a class C misdemeanor. The passenger who is in viola-
tion may be ejected by the bus driver: other passengers
may inform the driver of violators and request their dis-
charge. Reference Date 1979. UTAH CODE ANN. Sec-
tion 76-l O-1 506 (Supp. 1983).

o The Indoor Clean Air Act shall include public conveyan-
ces, buses, railway passenger cars, airport terminals, bus
stations, railway terminals, elevators, retail stores, and
other commercial establishments. Reference Date 1976.
UTAH CODE ANN. Sections 76-10-101 to 76-10-l 10
(Supp. 1987).

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Mlnors

o Furnishing cigarettes or tobacco of any kind to one under
19 years of age, procuring cigarettes, cigars, or tobacco
in any form, or allowing one under 19 years of age to
smoke in his place of business is punishable as a class
C misdemeanor. Reference Dates 1973 and 1974. UTAH
CODE ANN. Sections 76-1 O-l 03 to 76-l O-l 05 (1978).

o Cities and towns are empowered to prohibit the furnishing
of tobacco to persons under 21 years of age. Reference
Date 1898. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections 1 O-8-47 8 1 O-
13-9 (1973).

o Furnishing cigarettes to a minor is prohibited. Reference
Date 1930. UTAH CODE ANN. Section 59-l 8-l 2 (Supp.
1983).

o A person who controls a tobacco vending machine that is
accessible to persons under 19 years of age or who
provides tobacco to a person under 19 years of age is
guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by a fine between
$25 and $100 or by imprisonment up to 60 days for the
first offense. Second offenses are punishable by a fine of
$50 to $200 or up to 90 days imprisonment. Subsequent
offenses are punishable by a fine of $100 to $299 or not
less than 90 days imprisonment or both. Signs prohibiting
tobacco sales to minors must be posted on each
machine. One who violates these provisions is guilty of a
nuisance and may be enjoined from such activity, and the
building itself may be abated as a nuisance. Reference
Date 1933. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections 59-18-18 8
59-18-19 (1974).

Schools and School Health Education

o The State Board is required to adopt rules that provide for
instruction in each grade level on the harmful effects of
alcohol, tobacco, and controlled substances. Reference
Date 1907. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections 53-14-4 8 53-
14-4.1 (Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Advertlslng Practices

o A warning label that states "Use of this product may cause
oral cancer and other mouth disorders and is addictive,"
is required on all smokeless tobacco products sold in the
state. Reference Date 1986. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections
59-14-501 to 59-14-508 (1987).

o Cigarette and other tobacco products advertisements are
prohibited on any billboard, streetcar, bus, or any other
display except that a cigarette dealer may have a sign in
front of his business stating he is a cigarette dealer.
Cigarette advertisements may appear in newspapers,
magazines and &nod&Is. Reference Date 1953. UTAH
CODE ANN. Section 76-l O-l 02 (1978).

Commeroe

A shall be unlawful for any person to barter, sell, or offer
for sale cigarettes or cigarette papers without having
obtained a license therefore from the Utah State Tax
Commission. Reference Date 1930. UTAH CODE ANN.
Section 59-18-1 (Supp. 1985).

it is unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, give or
furnish clove cigarettes in the state. Reference Date
1974. UTAH CODE ANN. Section 76-10-105.3 (Supp.
1987).

It is unlawful for any person to sell, offer for sale, give or
furnish smokeless tobacco or chewing tobacco in the
state. Reference Date 1973. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections
76-1 O-l 02 & 76-l O-l 11 (Supp. 1987).

Taxatlon

The tax rate per pack is 23t and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

The "Phase II" changes in the cigarette and tobacco
licensing tax laws are clartiied and defined. Reference
Date 1986. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections 59-14-101,59-
14-201 to 59-l 4-209 (1987).

The Tax Code, particularly as it applies to tobacco sales
and taxes, is recodified. Reference Date 1953. UTAH
CODE ANN. Sections 59-14-101 to 59-14-107 (1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

o Discarding lighted smoking materials from a moving
vehicle, or otherwise discarding substances that may
cause fires on highways or wildlands constitutes a mis-
demeanor. One who starts a fire as a result of violations
may also be liable forth8 costs incurred infighting thefire.
Reference Date 1951. UTAH CODE ANN. Sections 24-
2-1 5 8 24-2-l 8 (1984).

. Discarding "any lighted material" from a moving vehicle
is prohibited, and violation is punishable by a fine be-
tween $25 and $299 for each violation. Courts may also

112


sentence offenders to at least one hour of cleaning up     provisions. Reference Dates 1941 and 1957. UTAH
litter. Signs must be posted by the Department of     CODE ANN. Sections 41-6-114(e), 41-6-l 14.1 6 41-6-
Transportation notifying the public of the statutory      114.2(1981).

Vermont

Limitations on Smoking In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in mills, factories, barns, stables,
or other outbuildings belonging to another person and in
public buildings in which the person in control has posted
no-smoking signs. One who violates this section is sub-
ject to a fine up to $5. Reference Date 1892. VT. STAT.
ANN. Title 20, Section 2752 (1968).

o Each employer shall establish a smoking policy in places
of employment. Reference Date 1971. VT. STAT. ANN.
Title 18, Chapter 28 subch. 2 (Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Furnishing cigars, snuff, or tobacco in any form to one
under 17 years of age is prohibited without the written
consent of the minor's parent or guardian. Maximum fine
is $20. The person who controls a place where tobacco
is sold is required to post a copy of Section 1308 provided
by the Secretary of State. Failure to post the copy is
punishable b a fine up to $5. Reference Dates 1888 and
1900. VT. S f AT. ANN. Tile 13, Sections 1308 8 1309
(1974).

Schools and School Health Education

o A minimum courseof study includes instruction about the
health and societal effects of tobacco and is required to

be taught in public and approved private schools, as well
as in home study programs. Reference Date 1969. VT.
STAT. ANN. Title 16, Section 906 (Supp. 1984).

Commerce

Minors under 16 years of age are not to be employed in
a tobacco manufacturing plant, except that minors over
14 years enrolled in vocational studies may be so
employed provided the Commissioner of Labor and In-
dustry has inspected and approved the safety of the
workplace. Reference Date 1910. VT. STAT. ANN. Title
21, Sections 437 & 438 (1978).

Each wholesale dealer and distributor of tobacco
products must obtain a license from the Vermont Com-
missioner of Taxes. Reference Date 1959. VT. STAT.
ANN. Tile 32, Section 7731 (1981).

Taxatlon

Virginia

Regulations of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

. The sale of tobacco products to minors under 16 years of
age is prohibited. This provision does not apply to cigaret-
tes sold in vending machines where a notice is posted.
  Reference Date 1986. VA. CODE Section 18.2-371.2
  (Supp. 1987).

Cornmew

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 2.5$ and was last changed in
  1966. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
  co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 27, p. 9.

The tax rate per pack is 17~ and was last changed in
1983. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

The exemption for cigarettes from the sales and use tax
is repealed, making sales of cigarettes subject to that tax.
Reference Date 1969. VT. STAT. ANN. Title 32, Sections
5965,5967,5968,5970,9741 & 9744 (Sups. 1986).

Any person who transports or distributes cigarettes within
the State of Virginia must obtain a permit from the Depart-
ment of Taxation. Reference Date 1950. VA. CODE
Section 58.1-l 014 (1984).

o The Cigarette Sales Below Wholesale Cost Act is
repealed. This bill amended VA. CODE Sections 59.1-
285 to 59.1-293 which was later repealed by Act 1986 Ch.
474.

Health and Safety Regulations

o Smoking is prohibited in food-producing workrooms.
Violation by a person, business, or corporation is punish-

113


able by a fine of between $25 and $300. Reference Date       .
1950. VA. CODE Sections 3.1-379 8 3.1381 (1983).

o Discarding lighted smoking material from a vehicle in or
near forest land, brushland, or fields is prohibited. Viola-
tion of this section is punishable by a fine between $10
and $100 or imprisonment for up to 30 days for each
separate offense or both. Violation leading to causing a
fire can also create liability for costs of fighting the fire.
Reference Dates 1919 and 1954. VA. CODE Sections
10-64.1 &lo-67(1978).

When it is determined that a fire hazard exists, smoking
is prohibited within 300 feet of forest lands, brushlands,
or fields. This section is punishable by afine between $10
and $500, imprisonment for up to 30 days, or both for
each separate offense. Reference Date 1954. VA. CODE
Sections 27-54.1 & 27-54.4 (1965).

o Smoking is prohibited L. __.. - . . . . . .__ _--. _._ - -
             wound mines near flammable or
combustible materials. Smoking or carrying smokers'
articles is prohibited in or near oil houses, explosive
magazines and other hazardous mine areas. Reference
Date 1950. VA. CODE Sections 45.1-39(c), 45.1-44(j) &
45.1-98(a) (1980).

Washington

Llmltatlons on Smoklng In Public Places

o Smoking is prohibited in public places, except in desig-
nated smoking areas. Public place means that portion of
any building or vehicle used by and open to the public,
regardless of whether the building or vehicle is owned in
whole or in part by private entities, the State of
Washington or other public entity. Public places include,
but are not limited to, elevators, public conveyances or
transportation facilities, museums, concert halls,
theaters, exhibition halls, indoor sports arenas, hospitals,
nursing homes, health care facilities or clinics, enclosed
shopping centers, retail stores, retail service estab-
lishments,financial institutions, educational facilities, tick-
et areas, public hearing facilities, state legislative cham-
bers and immediately adjacent hallways, public
restrooms, libraries, restaurants, waiting areas, lobbies,
reception areas, and office workplaces. Intentional viola-
tions of Washington's Clean Indoor Air Act are punishable
by fines up to $100. Reference Date 1985. WASH. REV.
CODE ANN. Sections 70.160.010 to 70.160.100 &
70.160.900 (West Supp. 1988).

o Unlawful bus conduct, a misdemeanor, includes smoking
or carrying lighted smoking materials on municipal transit
vehicles if the person knows that such conduct is
prohibited and is likely to cause harm to others. Refer-
ence Date 1984. WASH. REV. CODE ANN. Section
9.91.025 (Supp. 1985).

Regulatlon of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Mlnors

o Furnishing cigars, cigarettes, cigarette papers, wrappers,
or tobacco in any form to one under 18 years of age
constitutes a gross misdemeanor, and it is no defense
that the person violating this provision believed that the
minor was an agent for another. Reference Date 1971.
WASH. REV. CODE ANN. Section 26.28.080 (Supp.
1985).

Commerce

No person shall engage in the business of a distributor or
subjobber of tobacco products without receiving a certifi-
cate of registration from the state. Reference Date 1961.
WASH. REV. CODE ANN. Section 82.26.050 (1981).

Changes have been made to the regulation of the
cigarette industry to eliminate predatory cigarette pricing.
Reference Date 1957. WASH. REV. CODE ANN. Sec-
tions 19.91.010, 19.91.300, 82.24.500 & 82.24.510 to
82.24.560 (West Supp. 1988).

iaxatlon

The tax rate per pack is 3le and was last changed in
1986. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

The cigarette tax statutes are consolidated into one chap-
ter. In addition, various tax rates and surtax rates on
cigarettes have been consolidated. Reference Date
1961. WASH. REV. CODE ANN. Sections 82.24.020,
82.24.060, 82.24.265 & 82.32.270 (West Supp. 1988).

Cigarette tax enforcement procedures and policies are
provided. Reference Date 1961. WASH. REV. CODE
ANN. Sections 82.24.110, 82.24.130, 82.24.135 &
82.24.145 (West Supp. 1988).

An additional tax of 4 mills per cigarette and an additional
tax of 16 3/4 percent of the wholesale price of tobacco
products have been levied. The moneys collected will go
into the water quality account. Reference Date 1986.
WASH. REV, CODE ANN. Sections 70.146.010 to
70.146.080 & 70.146.900, 82.24.027 and 82.32.390
(West Supp. 1988).

114


Health and Safety Regulations

. During closed season, any person who starts a fire in
forest, brush, range, or grain areas by throwing away
lighted smoking materials and who fails to extinguish the
fire immediately may be fined from $25 to $100 or im-
prisoned for up to two months upon conviction. One who
willfully tampers with posted warning notices may also be
punished in the same manner. Smoking in forest or brush
areas during closed season except in areas free of inflam-
mable materials is prohibited. Every conveyance
operated in flammable areas must contain a smoking
materials disposal receptacle and must have a copy of
the no-smoking provision posted. Operators of saw mills

and logging camps must also post notices. Violation of
the no-smoking notice and provisions constitutes a mis-
demeanor. Reference Date 1911. WASH. REV. CODE
ANN. Sections 76.04.210 & 76.04.300 (1962).

o Carrying lighted pipes within five feet of mine explosives
is prohibited unless explosives are in a closed receptacle.
Reference Date 1917. WASH. REV. CODE ANN. Sec-
tions 78.40.473 & 78.40.675 (1962).

o Smokers' articles are prohibited in mines. Reference
Date 1917. WASH. REV. CODE ANN. Section 78.40.699
(1962).

Llmitatlons on Smoklng in Public Places

o Anyone who has lighted smoking materials or who lights
smoking materials after entering a factory, business es-
tablishment, mill, or workshop where no-smoking notices
are posted commits a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine
of $20 to $100 for each violation. Reference Date 1919.
W.VA. CODE Section 21-3-8 (1981).

o All owners or other persons responsible for the operation
of any vehicles operated for the public transportation of
eight or more persons must post no-smoking signs con-
spicuously in the vehicles. Smoking is'prohibited in any
vehicle in which a no-smoking sign is posted. Violation of
this section constitutes a misdemeanor punishable by a
fine of not less than $20 nor more than $100. Reference
Date 1985. W.VA. CODE Section 8-27-l Oa (Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Sale to and Use of Tobacco Products by
Minors

o Selling, giving or furnishing cigars, cigarettes, cigarette
papers, or tobacco in any form to one under 18 years of
age is prohibiied and is punishable by a fine between $10
and $25 for the first violation. and between $25 and $300
for each subsequent violation. Reference Date 1891.
W.VA. CODE Sections 16-9A-1 to 16-9A-5 (Supp. 1987).

o Smoking or possession of cigarettes, cigarette papers or
any other form prepared to be filled with smoking tobacco
for cigarette use by one under 18 years of age is
prohibited, and is punishable by a fine up to $5, provided
that the minor is immune from prosecution if he discloses
the person, firm or corporation who provided the cigaret-
tes. Reference Date 1913. W.VA. CODE Section 16-9-5
(1985).

Schools and School Health Education

o Smoking cigarettes on school grounds or in school build-
ings is prohibited. Violation is punishable by a fine of from

West Virginia

$1 to $5 for each offense. Reference Date 1913. W.VA.
CODE Sections 16-9-7 to 16.9A-4 (Supp. 1987).

Regulation of Advertising Practices

o Any outdoor billboard advertisement for snuff and chew-
ing tobacco products must display one of three health
warnings. Reference Date 1891. W.VA. CODE Section
16-9A-5 (Supp. 1987).

Commerce

o Manufacturing tobacco in one's home is prohibited. The
State Commissioner of Labor is charged with enforce-
ment of industrial homework provisions. Violation con-
stitutes a misdemeanor, and permits may be suspended
or revoked. Reference Date 1939. W.VA. CODE Sections
21-7-1 to21-7-11 (1981).

Taxation

o The tax rate per pack is 174: and was last changed in
1978. The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobac-
co: Historical Compilation, 1986, vol. 21, p. 9.

Health and Safety Regulations

o Discarding lighted smoking materials on forest land,
private roads, highways, and railroad right-of-ways is
prohibited. Violation constitutes a misdemeanor. Refer-
ence Date 1929. W.VA. CODE Section 20-3-6 (1981).

o Smoking in and around coal mine surface structures is
restricted to areas where it will not cause a fire or ex-
plosion. Reference Date 1958. W.VA. CODE Section
22-2-53 (1981).

o Smoking and smokers' articles are prohibited in coal
mines. The mine operator must conduct frequent
searches of those entering or already in the mine. Refer-
ence Date 1887. W.VA. CODE Section 22-2-57(b)
(1981).

115


Wisconsin

Limitations on Smoking In Public Places

. Wisconsin's Clean Indoor Air Act prohibits smoking in
public conveyances, educational facilities, inpatient
health care facilities, indoor theatres, offices, public pas-
senger elevators, restaurants, retail stores, public waiting
rooms, and public buildings. Exceptions include smoking
areas designated by posted notices, offices occupied
exclusively by smokers, rooms used for private functions
under the sponsor's control, restaurants where the liquor
sales account for more than 50 percent of the receipts or
where the seating capacity is less than 50 persons,
privately owned offices, prisons, and manufacturing
plants. If the person in control of a building willfully fails
to comply with provisions regulating designating and
posting notices of smoking areas on or after April 1,1985,
a $25 forfeiture may be levied. After July 1, affected
parties or government officials may sue to enjoin
repeated violations. Reference Date 1983. WIS. STAT.
ANN. Section 101.123 (West Supp. 1984).

Schools and School Health Education

o All elementary and secondary schools are required to
provide education regarding tobacco as part of the
Department of Education's critical health care education
program. Reference Date 1977. WIS. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tion 115.35(l) (West Supp. 1984).

Commerce

* lt is unlawful for a person to manufacture cigarettes in
Wisconsin or sell cigarettes in Wisconsin as a distributor,
jobber, vending machine operator, or multiple retailer
without first obtaining the proper permit to perform such
operations from the Department of Justice. Reference
Date 1965. WIS. STAT. ANN. Section 139.34 (West
1974).

. The retail cigarette license in Milwaukee is good for one
year. Reference Date 1897. WIS. STAT. ANN. Section
134.65 (West Supp. 1987).

Taxatlon

o The tax rate per pack is 3Oe and was last changed in
1987. The Tobacco Institute, "Cigarette Tax Data," 1987.

. Several technica? and minor policy changes in regard to
beverages, fuel, alcohol, and tobacco products taxes
have been made. It is illegal to possess untaxed tobacco
products. Reference Date 1953. WIS. STAT. ANN. Sec-
tions 78.40 to 139.86 (West Supp. 1987).

Health and Safety Regulations

Any person who, by smoking or attempting to light or
smoke tobacco products, negligently sets fire "to any
bedding, furniture, curtains, drapes, house or any
househoM fittings" or any part of the public abode is
subject to a fine between $50 and $250, or imprisonment
between 10 days and six months or both, together with
court costs. Notices to this effect must be posted in each
sleeping room. Reference Date 1947. WIS. STAT. ANN.
Section 50.58 (West Supp. 1984).

Ventilation requirements for public buildings and work
places that establish the mandatory minimum quantities
of outside air to be supplied to indoor areas may not be
waived by the Labor Department unless smoking is
prohibited and the owner demonstrates that the air quality
is equivalent to that provided by outside air. The Depart-
ment is responsible for enforcing compliance. Reference
Date 1980. WIS. STAT. ANN. Section 101.025 (West
Supp. 1984).

* Cigars are not to be manufactured in shops located below
ground floors. Reference Date 1899. WIS. STAT. ANN.
Section 167.22 (West 1974).

Wyoming

Commerce

Health and Safety Regulations

. Every wholesaler who sells or offers to sell cigarettes in
the Stats of Wyoming must have a license to do so.
Reference Date 1951. WYO. STAT. Section 39-6-l 02
(1985).

9 Discarding "a burning substance" from a vehicle is
punishable by imprisonment up to six months or a fine up
to $750 or both. Reference Date 1982. WYO. STAT.
Section 6-3-l 07 (1983).

Taxation

. The tax rate per pack is 8~ and was last changed in 1967.
The Tobacco Institute, The Tax Burden on Tobacco:
Historical Compilation, 7986, vol. 21, p. 9.

116

9 Smoking around mine surface flammables storage areas
is restricted to places where a fire or explosion will not be
caused. Reference Date 1903. WYO. STAT. Section
30-2-602 (1983).


LOCAL ORDINANCES AND REGULATIONS

In addition tothe National focus on smoking and health issues,
State and city legislatures are increasing efforts to implement
theirown regulations. Twenty cities with the highest population
count were examined for local ordinances covering issues on
smoking and health. The cities were (in alphabetical order by
city): Baltimore, Maryland; Boston, Massachusetts; Chicago,
Illinois; Columbus, Ohio; Dallas, Texas; Detroit, Michtgan;
Houston, Texas; Indianapolis, Indiana; Jacksonville, Florida;
Los Angeles, California; Memphis, Tennessee; Milwaukee,
Wisconsin; New York, New York; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
Phoenix, Arizona; San Antonio, Texas; San Diego, California;
San Francisco, California; San Jose, California; and
Washington, D.C.

Due to the magnitude and complexity of tracking local crdinan-
ces and regulations, and the mechanisms each municipality
uses to codify legislation, this compilation represents a sam-
pling of local legislative efforts. State laws may existpertaining
to issues on smoking and health; however, this compilation
only reflects local ordinances and regulations on the city
records through January 1988.' The ordinances and regula-
tions have been categorized into the following five topic areas:
Smoking in Public Places; Smoking Regulations in the
Workplace; Public Safety Regulations; Municipal Tobacco
Taxation; and Regulation of Cigarette Sales to Minors.

I. Smoking in Public Places

Baltlmore, Maryland

Smoking on streetcars, trackless trolleys, or buses is a mis-
demeanor punishable by a $10 maximum fine (Baftimore,
MD., Code Article 19, Section 142 (1983). Ord. No. 169
(1945)).

Boston, Massachusetts

Smoking is restricted in public buildings and in public places
(City of Boston Code, Ordinances, Title 2, Section 362 (1980)).
Regulations pertaining to smoking include such places as:
theaters, public halls, special halls, miscellaneous halls,
places of assembly, public buildings, schools, colleges,
universities, factories, workshops, mercantile establishments,
wharves, docks, warehouses, and passenger and freight
elevators (Boston Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter
28, Article 30, Sections 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)). Fines for
violation are not less than $10 nor greater than $50.

Chlcago, llllnols

It is a misdemeanor to smoke on any public conveyance
holding more than seven passengers (Chicago, IL., Code
Section 193-7.10 (1955)). It is illegal to smoke on any public
elevator, and in retail stores employing more than 15 persons
(excluding food areas, waiting rooms, restrooms, executive
offices, beauty parlors, and areas where merchandise is not
exposed), (Chicago, IL., Code Section 193-7.9 (1948)). Smok-
ing is prohibited in theaters, churches, and schools (Chicago,
IL., Code Sections 90-91 (a)-(g) (1980)).

Columbus, Ohlo

Smoking is prohibited in retail stores (Columbus, OH., Code
Section 18.1, Ord. No. 237-48) theaters, halls, and
auditoriums (Columbus, OH., Code Section 1016 (1919) Ord.
No. 22240 (1919)).

Dallas, Texas

Smoking is prohibited in transit system vehicles, public
elevators, conference and meeting rooms, city buildings (ex-
cluding Love Field, Convention Center, and Reunion Arena),
hospital rooms, libraries, museums, posted areas, nonsmok-
ing areas of restaurants seating 50 persons or more (excluding
bars), retail stores, theaters, and primary and secondary
schools (Dallas, TX., Ord. No. 18961 (1985)). Fines for
violation range from $25 to $250.

Detroit, Mlchlgan

Smoking is prohibited in elevators (Detroit, MI., Code Section
19-3-96, Ord. No. 314-H (1979)).

Houston, Texas

Smoking is prohibited in public places (Houston, TX., Code
Section 21-237(a)). Public places include, but are not limited
to: vehicles of public transportation (such as trains, buses,
and ferries), elevators, governmental facilities, gymnasiums,
concert halls, auditoriums, health care facilities (including
hospitals, nursing homes, doctors' offices, dentists' offices,
and laboratories), libraries, museums, art galleries, theaters,
meeting rooms, convention centers, hotels, motels,

' An ordinance adopted by the Chicago City Council on May 25,1988 falls outside this survey period. This ordinance bans or restricts smoking
in a variety of public places and limits smoking in the workplace.

117


restaurants with a seating capacity of more than 50 persons,
commercial establishments (excluding bars), restrooms, retail
establishments (excluding tobacco retail shops), educational
facilities from day care through college, and public areas of
airports (Houston, TX., Code Section 21-236, Ord. No.
86.1311 (1986)).

indianapolls, Indiana

Smoking is prohibited in streetcars, buses, elevators, public
conveyances, hospital beds, hotel beds, retail selling estab-
lishments, and educational occupancies (Indianapolis, IN.,
Code Section 12-126, Ord. No. 120 (1972)). Smoking is
regulated in public service areas of government buildings and
public assembly areas of local government buildings. Penal-
ties for violation include a $25 fine, attending a free no-smok-
ing clinic, or three hours community service in a cancer ward
(Indianapolis, IN., Code Section 20-203 (1987)).

Jacksonviii8, Florida

Smoking is prohibited in public libraries and in the Veterans
Memorial Coliseum except in restrooms and designated
smoking areas. Smoking is allowed by performers as part of
a theatrical production or during private gatherings or affairs
not open to the general public. Violation is punishable by a fine
not more than $25, imprisonment for up to 10 days, or both.
(Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 614.125, Supp. 4 (1983)). In
places of assembly where the Fire Marshall deems it a public
hazard, smoking is also prohibited. in such cases, regulation
signs must be posted marking the area nonsmoking (Jackson-
ville, FL., Code Section 447.202 (1983)).

Los AngSi8S, California

Smoking is prohibited in health care facilities, public meeting
and assembly rooms, and retail food marketing estab-
lishments (Los Angeles, CA., Code Section 41.50, Ord. No.
159498 (1984)). Additional smoking prohibitions are provided
in arenas, gymnasiums, libraries, restaurants having aseating
capacity of over 50 persons, areas of primary and secondary
schools normally occupied by children, theaters, polling
places, airport, train, or bus depot waiting areas or ticket lines,
and day care facilities (Ord. No. 162989 (1987)).

M8mphiS, TSnn8SS88

Smoking is prohibited in many public areas including: Mem-
phis Area Transit Authority buses, elevators, Mid South
Coliseum, Auditorium South Hall, Dixon Meyers Hall, hospital
lobbies, hospital waiting rooms, hotels, Cook Convention Cen-
ter, public and private restaurants, merchandising stores with
more than five employees, and theaters (Memphis, TN., Code
Section 20-215, Ord. No. 3517 (1986)).

Milwaukee, WiScOnSin

Smoking is prohibited on public buses (Milwaukee, WI.. Code
Section 98-l 5 (1979)) and in theaters (Milwaukee, WI., Code
Section 105-49 (1943)).

New York, New York

Smoking is prohibited in ticketing, boarding, and waiting areas
of public transportation facilities, in buses, subways, vans,
taxicabs, elevators, concert halls, auditoriums, arenas, in
public health care facilities including hospitals, clinics, physi-
cal therapy facilities, convalescent homes, and homes for the
aged, in public areas of hotels and motels with 25 or more
employees, in libraries, museums, galleries, convention halls,
in public meeting places, restaurants with a seating capacity

of 50 or more persons, restrooms, retail stores employing
more than five employees or accommodating more than 150
customers, in pre-primary, primary, and secondary schools, in
colleges, trade schools, theaters, places of religious assemb-
ly, and in banks employing more than 15 employees (New
York, NY., Code Section 17-503 (1988)).

Phiiad8iphia, Pennsyivani8

Smoking is prohibited in any public transportation vehicle, in
any place of public assembly seating more than 100 persons,
and in any retail store designed to accommodate more than
30 persons, or where more than 25 persons are employed
(Philadelphia, PA., Code Section 10-602, enacted in 1943,
1947, and 1948).

Phoenfx, Arizona

Smoking is banned from public places, defined in Section
23-103 to include public transportation vehicles, taxicabs,
elevators, enclosed public buildings, government buildings,
auditoriums, indoor sports facilities, offices of health care
professionals, pharmacies, public areas of hotels and motels,
restaurants, restrooms, retail stores, grocery stores, shopping
malls, public and private schools, theaters, airport service
lines, airport waiting lounges, financial institutions, and child
care centers. Fines for violation range from $25 to $100
(Phoenix, AZ., Code Section 23-l 05 (1986)).

San Antonio, Texas

Smoking is prohibited in bus and train facilities, taxicabs,
elevators, conference rooms, meeting rooms, or any public
service areas of city buildings, concert halls, cultural facilities,
hospital or nursing home corridors, hospital rooms, nonsmok-
ing areas of restaurants, retail stores, service establishments,
department stores, grocery stores, clothing stores, shoe
stores, hardware stores, laundromats, hair salons, barber
shops, public primary and secondary schools, motion picture
theaters, airport facilities, banks, and savings and loan
facilities (San Antonio, TX., Code Ch. 28.5, Section 2, Ord.
No. 62781, passed Par. 24 (1986)).

San Diego, Cailfornla

Smoking is prohibited on public conveyances, elevators,
governmental and educational agencies, pharmacies, health
facilities, hospital rooms, psychiatric facilities, libraries,
museums, galleries, public assembly halls, restaurants with a
seating capacity of more than 20 persons must provide non-
smoking sections, restrooms, retail stores, retail service
establishments, food markets, retail food production estab-
lishments, educational facilities, and theaters. Any person
violating the Act is subject to fines from $10 to $100 (San
Diego, CA., Code Section 45.0103 (1983), Ord. No. 11459
(1974)).

San Francisco, California

Smoking is prohibited in lobbies, waiting areas, restrooms,
and dining areas of restaurants that are specified as nonsmok-
ing areas. Owners are required to allocate adequate amounts
of space as nonsmoking areas and must inform all patrons of
nonsmoking areas (San Fransico, CA., Code Part II, Ch. V.
Article 19A, Ord. No. 298-83 (1983)).

San Jose, California

Smoking is prohibited during public meetings of government
officials, any room, chamber, or place Where entertainment
events, lectures, or athletic events are held, in public areas of

118


health care facilities, including hallways, waiting rooms, and
lobbies, in patient rooms by nonpatients, in nonsmoking areas
of restaurants with a capacity to serve more than 50 persons,
in retail stores, public elevators, and in theaters (San Jose,
CA., Code Section 944.101 to 944-080, Ord. No. 20364
(1980)).

assembly room owned or leased by the District of Columbia,
in hallways, wafting rooms, and lobbiesof heafth carefacilities,
in patient rooms, in educational facilities, libraries, in non-
smoking areas of restaurants with a seating capacity of more
than 50 persons, in retail stores, in nursery, elementary and
secondary schools, day carecenters, and institutions of higher
education (District of Columbia, Cod8 Section 6-912 to Sec-

Washington, D.C.
Smoking is prohibited on public passenger vehicles seating
12 or more passengers, in elevators, in any public hearing or

tion 6-917 (1979) amended January 1988, Section 7-100,
eff e&e March 29, 1988).

II. Smoking Regulations In The Workplace

Boston, Massachusetts

Personnel of the Department of Health and Hospitals, Emer-
gency Medical Services Ambulance Service are forbidden to
smoke while engaged in patient care or while driving (MA.
Gen. Laws, Chapter 111 C, 1st Edition, Rules, Regulations
and Standard Operating Procedures, 1.8.3.6. (1981)).

Dallas, T8X8S

Employers are required to implement a written policy that
protects nOnsmOk8rS from second-hand smoke and to estab-
lish a procedure for addressing employee complaints. The
employer may us8 existing structural barriers and ventilation
systems to create a nonsmoking area, and need not incur
additional expenditures. The employer must provide con-
spicuous signs to mark the nonsmoking area. An employer
may not discharge, discriminate, or retaliate against an
employee who exercises his rights under the Ordinance (Dal-
las, TX., Code Section 41-6 to Section 41-9, Ord. No. 19648
(1987)).

Houston, Texas

Employers are required to implement and maintain a written
smoking policy to accommodate the desires of smokers and
nonsmokers in the workplace (Houston, TX., Code Section
21-239, Ord. No. 86-l 131 Section 2 (1986)).

Los Ang8le8, Cailfornk

Employers are required to adopt, implement, and maintain a
written smoking policy. The policy must provide that
employers will try to accommodate the desires of both
smokers and nonsmokers in the event of a dispute. An
employer need not make additional expenditures to create
structural or physical modifications in the workplace. A mini-
mum of two-thirds of a lounge orcafeteria must be a nonsmok-
ing area; restrooms and employee medical f@ities must be
nonsmoking areas. Employers must inform employees of the
smoking polfcy and post signs in nonsmoking areas, An
employer who makes reasonable efforts to develop and
promulgate a smoking policy shall be deemed in compliance
with the law (Los Angeles, CA., Code Section 41.50, Ord. No.
159, 498 (1994)).

New York, tbw York

Employers with ov8r 15 employees are required to implement
and adopt a written smoking policy that provides for a proce-
dUr8 to resolve a diSpUt8 When an employ88 desires to work
in a smoke-free workplace. The policy must also provide

nonsmoking areas, including 50 percent of all lunchrooms,
employee medical facilities, auditoriums, classrooms, con-
ference rooms, meeting rooms, hallways, elevators, 50 per-
cent of each employee lounge, restrooms, and any employee
work area designated by the employee as a nonsmoking area.
Employers must furnish 8aCh employee with a copy of the
smoking policy, and post signs in no-smoking areas. Private
enclosed offices occupied by smokers are excepted. An
employer is prohibited from dismissing, demoting, suspend-
ing, or taking any disciplinary action against an employ88 who
exercises his or her rights Under the smoking policy (New
York, NY., Code Section 17-504 (1988)).

Phoenix, Arizona

Employers are required to adopt, implement, and maintain a
written smoking policy that makes use of existing ventilation
and partitions to accommodate the preferences of smoking
and nonsmoking employees. Employers are not required to
incur expendftures or make structural changes, but if an
accommodation between smokers and nonsmokers cannot
be reached, the preference of nonsmokers must prevail. One-
haff of all lounges, restrooms, employee medical facilities,
hallways, stairways, elevators, conference rooms, meeting
rooms, auditoriums, and classrooms must be nonsmoking
areas. The employer must announce the smoking policy to
employees, post the smoking policy in a conspicuous area,
and post signs in all nonsmoking areas. An employer is
prohibited from terminating or disciplining an employee when
th8 employee makes a complaint about smoking in the
workplace (Phoenix, AZ., Code Section 23-106, Ord. No. 2865
(1986)).

San Antonio, T8Xa8

An employer must adhere to certain guidelines when desig-
nating all or part of the workplace as a nonsmoking area. An
employer is required to have and implement a written policy
that conforms to Chapter 28.5 of the Houston Code. The
employer must make the written policy available for employee
inspection, and the nonsmoking areas must be marked by
conspicuous "No-Smoking" signs (San Antonio, TX., Cod8
Ch. 28.5 Section 4, Ord. No. 62791 (1986)).

San Dkgo, California

Smoking is prohibited in places of employment except in
designated smoking areas. Employers are required to use
existing physical barriers and partitions to minimize the effects
of cigarette smoke, but need not incur any additional expense

119


for physical or structural changes. An employer who develops
a smoking policy in good faith is deemed in compliance with
the Act. Unless the area is designated as a smoking area, a
worker may not smoke in lounges, conference rooms,
cafeterias, or work areas. Private offices are exempt from the
prohibition, and employers must clearly mark all nonsmoking
areas (San Diego, CA., Code Section 45.0101 to Section
45.0111 (1986)).

San Francisco, California

Employers are required to adopt, maintain, and implement a
written smoking policy in offices. The policy must require
employers to use existing partitions and ventilation to reduce
the effects of second-hand smoke. While employers need not
incur expenditures to accommodate the desires of smokers
and nonsmokers, the preference of nonsmokers must prevail
if a solution is not reached. The employer must announce the
smoking policy, post it in a conspicuous place, and clearly

mark the nonsmoking area with signs. Offices occupied ex-
clusively by smokers are exempt from the Act (San Francisco,
CA., Code Section 1003, Ord. No. 298-83 (1983)).

San Jose, Callfornla

Employers are required to adopt, implement, and maintain a
written smoking policy, and the employer must give preference
to the requests of nonsmokers. Smoking is prohibited in
restrooms, hallways, elevators, conference rooms, meeting
rooms, employee medical facilities, classrooms, auditoriums,
and two-thirds of each employee lounge. Any employee may
designate his or her immediate work area as a nonsmoking
area. All employers are required to communicate the smoking
policy to employees'and to post signs in nonsmoking areas.
An enclosed workplace occupied exclusively by smokers is
exempt (San Jose, CA., Code Section 944.120, Ord.. No.
21830 (1984)).

Baltimore, Maryland

Smoking is prohibited on wharves and piers and in sheds.
Smoking is prohibited on any vessel or near a vessel where
explosives are being unloaded (Baltimore, MD., Code Article
10, Section 45 (1983)). Smoking is prohibited in or on cars
containing explosives, or in the vicinity of explosives, aboard
vessels, cars, or barges (Baltimore, MD., Code Article 10,
Section 82, Ord. No. 336 (1913)).

Boston, Massachusetts

Smoking is prohibited in factories, workshops, mercantile
establishments, or warehouses where the material being
handled in and about the structure may readily be ignited by
smoking materials or where such structures are of a
combustible construction or if they are considered a fire
hazard (Boston Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter
28, Article 30, Sections 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)).

Chicago, llllnols

Smoking is prohibited where certain dangerous substances
are kept. Smoking is prohibited in lumberyards (Chicago, IL.,
CodeSection 90-91(g) (1980)), in publicassemblyunitswhere
combustible contents are kept (Chicago, IL., Code Section
90-91 (e) (1980)), in "hazardous use rooms" (Chicago, IL.,
Code Section 90-91 (1980)) and in storage rooms where any
highly flammable materials are kept (Chicago, IL.. Code Sec-
tion 92-56 (1977)).

Columbus, Ohio

Smoking is prohibited in any room used for dry cleaning
(Columbus, OH., Code Section 18.42, Ord. No. 215-42
(1942)).

Dallas, Texas

Smoking is restricted around certain food products. Smoking
is prohibited by workers in food product establishments (Dal-
las, TX., Code Section 17-3.3(b) (1985)) and by workers
engaged in processing milk or milk products (Dallas, TX.,
Code Section 26-7, Item 2Op (1961)).

III. Public Safety Regulations

Detroit, Mlchlgan

Smoking is prohibited where combustible fibers are stored
(Detroit, MI., Code Section 19-347(2) (1979)), and in areas
containing dust producing operations (Detroit, MI., Code Sec-
tion 1 g-3-47(3) (1979)). Using acigarette to set fire to any hotel
furnishings is prohibited (Detroit, MI., Code Section 42-2-9
(1964)).

Houston, Texas

Smoking is prohibited near oil wells or oil tanks (Houston, TX.,
Code Section 31-66) within 50 feet of an automobile accident
(Houston, TX., Code Section 8-l 89) and by drivers of subur-
ban buses (Houston, TX., Code 46-147).

Indlanapolls, lndlana

Smoking is prohibited in the area of explosives (Indianapolis,
IN., Code Section 12-240(b) & Section 12-248 (1972)), in any
room containing a dusty atmosphere (Indianapolis, IN., Code
Section 12-196(3) (1972)) in any room where film is handled
(Indianapolis, IN., Code Section 12-432 (1972)), in any room
where flammable materials are kept (Indianapolis, IN., Code
Section 12-378 (1972)), and in finishing rooms or any area
used for the storage of flammable finishes (Indianapolis, IN.,
Code Section 12-310 (1982)).

Jacksonville, Florida

Smoking is prohibited in the area of explosives and facilities
for mixing blasting agents (Jacksonville, FL., Code Section
431 .106, Section 431 .107, Section 431.109, Section 435.914.
& Section 431 .112 (1983)), in any room containing a dusty
atmosphere, such as lumberyards and woodworking plants
(Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 434.103 & Section 441.103
(1983)) in any room where flammable materials are kept
(Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 435.607 (1963)), in any area
where conditions are such as to make smoking a hazard, i.e.,
any areas of piers, wharves, warehouses, stores, industrial
plants, institutions, buildings under construction, places of
assembly, or places where combustible materials are stored
or handled (Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 447.202 (1983)),

120


and in finishing rooms or any area used for the storage of
flammable finishes (Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 434.103
8 Section 435.607 (1983)). Where smoking is permitted, there
shall be provided suitable, noncombustible ash trays or match
receivers (Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 446.114 (1983)).

Los Angeles, Callfornla

Smoking is prohibited in any public garage or on the premises
of any auto fueling station (Los Angeles, CA., Code Section
57.100.37).

New York, New York

Smoking is prohibited on any vessel storing petroleum oil, in
any warehouse, shed, dock, pier, bulkhead, or wharf (New
York, N.Y., Code Section C19-168 (1976)) or in any room
where food is processed, prepared, or packaged (New York,
N.Y., Code Section 81.27 (1981)). Disposal of any cigarette
within any building, boat, car, or common carrier, except in
ashtrays, is prohibited (New York, NY., Code Section 19-168
(1976)).

San Antonio, Texas

Smoking is restricted around fuel in airports (San Antonio, TX.,
Code Section 3-61 (1984)) or within 50 feet of a plane being
refueled (San Antonio, TX., Code Section 3-113 (1964)). San

Antonio has adopted the Texas Department of Health Rules
on Food Sanitation, which prohibits employees from smoking
while engaged in food preparation, food service, or dishwash-
ing (San Antonio, TX., Ord. No. 59746 (1984)).

San Dlego, Callfornla

Smoking is prohibited near fuel in airports (San Diego, CA.,
Unified Port District Code Section 5.05 (1964)), within 50 feet
of the landing pad of heliport and helistop locations (San
Diego, CA., Code Section 68.0210 (1970)) in garages (San
Diego, CA., Code Section 55.20.4 (1967)) on any municipal
wharf or in any municipal warehouse (San Diego, CA., Code
Section 63.15.37 (1967)) and within buildings underconstruc-
tion (San Diego, CA., Code Section 68.0131 (1969)).

Smoking is prohibited during and up to four hours after apply-
ing flammable finishes to bowling alleys (San Diego, CA.,
Uniform Fire Code Section 55.26.103 (1984)).

San Jose, California

Smoking is prohibited near airplanes or fuel in airports (San
Jose, CA., Code Section 15.04.160 (1950)) and near any
park, trail, bridle path, or in any fire risk area (San Jose, CA.,
Code Section 1344.130 (1977)).

Chlcago, llllnols

A 1 Oe tax is imposed on each pack of 20 cigarettes sold within
the city. Each tobacco wholesaler is required to collect the tax
from retailers and pay the Comptroller. Wholesalers are re-
quired to make invoices for each sale, file quarterly tobacco
tax returns, and must purchase tax stamps from the
Comptroller before delivery to retailers. Retailers are required
to file a sworn inventory on all cigarettes in their control, and
must file a report showing tobacco purchases within the
proceeding three months. The City Comptroller may appoint
someone to affix the stamps; it is forbidden to alter or forge
any tax stamp. The Act provides several remedies if the tax is
not paid including: seizing cigarettes, bringing legal action, or
revoking all tobacco dealer licenses. The Act provides for $50
to $300 fines for the first offense, $50 to $500 fines for the
second offense, and incarceration for not more than three
months for the third offense (Chicago, IL., Code Sections
178.1-l to 178.1-14 (1982)).

Los Angeles, Callfornb

A tax of two mills ($.002) is imposed per cigarette on all
cigarettes sold within the city limits. Each retailer is required
to obtain a Cigarette Tax Registration Certificate and to
register with the City Comptroller who is responsible for col-
lecting the tax from the retailer and for paying the collected tax
to the city. Retailers are required to keep all necessary records
for four years as proof. All delinquent tax payments are subject
to interest and penalties, and the city may bring legal action
to recover unpaid taxes from retailers or users. The Act
provides a taxpayer with a means of obtaining a tax refund if
the tax was overpaid, wrongly collected, or paid more than

IV. Municipal Tobacco Taxation

once (Los Angeles, CA., Code Section 21.8.1 to 21.8.11, Ord.
No. 127,689 (1964)).

Memphis, Tennessee

A cigarette tax of 1 e is imposed on each pack of 20 cigarettes
sold within the city (Memphis, TN., Code Section 36-41 to
Section 36-52 (1967)). Each wholesaler must add the
cigarette tax to each pack of cigarettes sold to retailers within
the city. The retailer in turn should charge the purchaser. The
wholesaler must affix stamps to cigarettes showing tax pay-
ment before delivery. City officials have access to all pertinent
wholesaler records for determination and collection of the tax.
The Act provides a refund on all unsalable stamps and
provides an exemption for all cigarettes bought by military
personnel on a military establishment.

San Jose, Callfornla

A tax of $.0015 (1 l/2 mills) is imposed on the sale of each
cigarette within the city limits. All cigarette distributors
(wholesalers) must register with the Director of Finance and
must collect and pay the tax to the city. Wholesalers must keep
comprehensive records of all cigarette distribution and retain
the records for three years. The city is authorized to bring an
action to collect the tax. The Act also authorizes harsh penal-
ties for nonpayment of taxes, which increase in the amount
based upon the length of time the tax is outstanding. Criminal
sanctions of a $500 fine or imprisonment for not more than six
months are authorized. The Act provides for a refund, if a tax,
penalty, or interest is overpaid or wrongfully collected (San
Jose, CA., Code Section 4.50.010 to Section 4.50.140
(1967)).

121


Washlngton, D.C.

A tax of 85/l OOe is imposed on each cigarette sold within the
city limits. Wholesalers, retailers, and vending machine
operators are required to obtain licenses from the Mayor.
Retailers are required to affix stamps to cigarette packages to
evidence the tax payment. (All persons are prohibited from
altering or counterfeiting stamps.) Further, all wholesalers,
retailers, and vending machine operators must keep, main-
tain, and preserve all relevant records and books. The Mayor
is authorized to seize cigarettes, vending machines, and

forged stamps for nonpayment of taxes. The Act also provides
for penalties and interest for nonpayment. Certain cigarettes
are exempt from the Act including: cigarettes sofd by the
government, cigarettes possessed by licensed wholesalers
for sale outside the District, cigarettes possessed by con-
sumers, and cigarettes being legally transported within the
District. Provision is made for refund of any tax, penalty, or
interest wrongfully collected. Requirements for transporting
cigarettes within the city limits are specified. (Washington,
D.C., Code Section 47-2401 to Section 47-2418 (1982)).

V. Regulation of Cigarette Sales to Minors

Boston, Massachusetts

ft is prohibited for any person, except at full retail price, to
distribute in or upon any part of the streets, parks, public
grounds, public buildings, other public places within the City
of Boston, any product containing tobacco or nontobacco
cigarette products for any commercial purpose. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $200 (City of Boston Code, Ordinan-
ces, Title 14, Section 270A (1984)).

Chlcago, llllnols

ft is prohibited to sell cigarettes to any person under the age
of 18 years and minors under the age of 18 years are
prohibited from purchasing or accepting delivery of cigarettes.
Sellers are required to post a warning to minors and to request
identification from any person who appears to be less than 18
years of age. Minors are prohibited from misrepresenting their
age to obtain cigarettes (Chicago, IL., Code Section 178-l 9.1
to Section 178-19.5 (1982)).

ft is prohibited to sell cigarettes within 100 feet of schools
(Chicago, IL., Code Section 178-18 (1982)). It is also
prohibited to install a vending machine where minors are
employed, unless the machine is under constant adult super-
vision (Chicago, IL., Code Section 178-23 (1982)). Vending
machine owners or operators are required to post a warning
to minors of the illegality of purchasing cigarettes (Chicago,
IL., Code Section 178-l 8 (1982)).

Detrolt, Mlchlgan

ft is prohibited to furnish cigarettes to minors and minors are
prohibited from buying, receiving, possessing, or using
cigarettes. Minors are also prohibited from misrepresenting
their age to obtain cigarettes. It is prohibited to persuade,
counsel, or advise any minor to smoke cigarettes (Detroit, MI.,
Code Section 11-3-l to Section 1 l-3-3 (1964)).

Jacksonville, Florida

ft is prohibited to sell, barter, give, exchange, or otherwise
distribute any cigarette, cigar, pipe, cigarette rolling papers,
tobacco, smoking herb, or any other smoking material, to any
person under the age of 18 years. fgnorance or misrepresen-
tation of the age of a recipient of any of the smoking materials
shall not be a defense to a prosecution. Signs to this effect
shall be prominently posted at all times (Jacksonville, FL.,
Code Section 480.111 (1983)). Violation shall be punishable
by $500 fine, 90 days in jail, or both.

Mlhwaukeo, Wlsconsln

ft is prohibited to sell cigarettes to a minor under the age of 16
years, and illegal for any person to permit a minor to smoke
on premises occupied by the person (Milwaukee, WI., Code
Section 106-30 (1956)).

San Dlego, Csllfornla

R is illegal for any person underthe age of 18 years to possess
or use tobacco (San Diego, CA., Code Article 8, Section 58.04
(1900)). Further, it is unlawful for any person to sell tobacco
to a minor (San Diego, CA., Ord. No. 58 (1890)).

San Jose,, $Zallfornla

R is prohrbtted to maintain or operate a cigarette vending
machine within 100 feet of a public playground or school (San
Jose, CA., Code Section 6.70.110 (1960)). In places having
vending machines, a responsible employee must supervise
the use of the machine and ensure that it is not operated by
minors (San Jose, CA., Code Section 6.70.120 (1960)).

Weshlngton, D.C.
lt is prohibited to sell cigarettes to any minor under the age of
16 years (Washington, D.C., Code Section 22-1120 (1891)).

122


Public Places

1 Buses, Streetcars. Trollevs

2 Cabs
3 Elevators
4 Government Burldrngs
5 GvmnasrumslArenas

6 Health Care Facrlrtres
7 Rotels

8 Librarres
9 Museums
t0 Meetinas-Convention Halls

II Posted Areas
12 Publrc Places

13 Restaurants
14 Restrooms

  _ _ _ _ _
15 Retail/Grocery Stores
16 Schools

17 Theatres
18 Voting Places
19 Admrnistratwe Areas
20 Airports

2 I Churches

22 Banks
23 Child Care Faerlrtres

24 Warehouses & Factortes

123


Smoking in the Workplace   5

,9 Emnlovee Smoklna Area

30
31
32

I~      _ _- - _ - -
34 Nonsmoking Arec
"r .I-

     _-,-. _ _                   I
  b0 od Faith Exceptron         I
HOI. . _ , _, _ _
   IWOVS Fkwators. Slairways
              
Lounges or Waitir 1g Rooms
33 Non Strrlcture Change Required
           I Required
53 lvotlce to tmplovees Required
36 Restrooms
         `rohlbited
               ds of N/S

37 Retallatlon P
38 Preference for Demon
39 slgl -
40 Ver

%lation Pat-iltion Separation
;

     ,.
41 Wrl
42 Crimlna

1    --e
A5 Medico

A6 Limrted to OffiCeS

124


Drwers
- -.
Dusty Atmospheres
Explosives. Trucks - Vessels
Falmc

A7
48
A9
SO
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67

Airports and Hongars
Bakeries
Combustible Fibers
Dtsposal of Cigarettes

FirefIghters
Hotels
Milk Products
Near Fuel
nil Tanks
_.- -
Parks
Vehicle Accidents

Vessels

Warehouses. Garages, Shops
Wharves. Sheds. PlerS
Combustibles. generally
Food Productsltstablishment
Butldlngs under Constructlon

Safety Regulations

125


68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85

86
87
88

89
90
91
92
93
94
95
94

Tobacco Taxation

Refunds
Reglstratlon and Permits
Stamps Required
lax Imposed
Wholesalers Exempt

Sale and Use by Minors  II

Age Misrepresentation
Identificatcon Required
Persuading, Counseling. Advwng     I

Possession
Premises Owner

126


The following is a detailed explanation of legislation cited in the narrative section with letter and number codes for use with the
charts accompanying that section.

Baltimore, Maryland

Al

A53

A62

A63

A64

MD. Ann. Code Article 19, Section 142 (1963)

Carrying a lighted, smoking instrument on a street car,
trackless trolley, or bus is unlawful; violation is a mis-
demeanor punishable by a $10 maximum fine for each
violation.

MD. Ann. Code Article 10, Section 62, Ord. No. 336
(1913)

Prohibits smoking in or on cars containing explosives
or in the vicinity of explosives, aboard vessels, cars, or
barges.

MD. Ann. Code Article 10, Bectlon 45 (1983)

Prohibits smoking on any vessel or near a vessel
unloading explosives. Violation is punishable by a fine
of $5 to $25.

MD. Ann. Code Article 10, Bectlon 45 (1983)

Prohibits smoking in any warehouse on any wharf or
pier.

MD. Ann. Code Article 10, Section 45 (1983)

Prohibits smoking on any wharf, shed, or pier.

Boston, MaSSaChuS8ttS

83

84

B 10

Bll

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 38.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is prohibited in passenger and freight
elevators.

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is restricted in public buildings and at public
meetings.

MA. Fire Prevention Cod., Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Bection 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is prohibited in public halls, special halls,
miscellaneous halls, and places of assembly.

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 30.01 to 30.08 (1979)

Violation is punishable by a fine of not less than $10
nor more than $50.

B 16

816

B 17

819

B 24

B 51

B63

B 64

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is prohibited in schools, colleges, and univer-
sities.

MA. City of Boston Code (CBC) Ordinances,
Chapter 16, Title 2, Section 362 (1980)

The Boston School Department shall institute an
educational program in all junior and senior high
schools in the city on the harmful effects of smoking.

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is prohibited in theatres.

MA. City of Boston Code, Ordinances, Title 14,
Section 270A (1984)

No person shall distribute except at full retail price, any
product containing tobacco or nontobacco cigarette
products for any commercial purpose in or upon any
part of the streets, parks, or public grounds.

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is prohibited in factories, workshops, mercan-
tile establishments, and warehouses.

MA. Ctty of Boston, Department of Heaith and
Hospitals, Emergency Medical Service, Rules,
Regulations, and Standard Operating Procedures
1.8.3.6.

Department personnel are forbidden to smoke while
engaged in patient care or while driving.

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is prohibited in factories, workshops, mercan-
tile establishments, and warehouses.

MA. Fire Prevention Code, Ordinances, Chapter 28,
Article 30, Section 30.01 to 30.06 (1979)

Smoking is prohibited in factories, workshops,
wharves, docks, and warehouses.

127


Chicago, Illinois

Cl

IL. Sat. Ch. 193, Section 193-7.10 (enacted 1955)
(amended 1975)

Prohibits smoking or carrying a lighted smoking instru-
ment in any street car, elevated train, subway or any
public conveyance holding more than seven pas-
sengers. Violation is punishable by a fine of $50 to
$300 for each offense.

C3

IL. Stat. Ch. 193, Section 193-7.9 (enacted 1948)
(amended 1975)

Prohibits carrying or smoking a lighted cigarette on
public elevators. Violation is punishable by a fine of
$25 to $250 for each offense.

c4

IL. Stat. Code Section 90-91(b) (1980)

Cl5

Prohibits smoking in every institutional building except
in the administration office on the first floor and in
designated smoking rooms.

IL. Stat. Code Section 193-7.9 (1948)

Cl6

c 17

Prohibits smoking in any retail store in which more than
15 persons are employed. Areas set apart for sewing
food or beverages, waiting rooms, restrooms, execu-
tive offices, beauty parlors, and areas where merchan-
dise is not exposed are excluded. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $25 to $250.

IL Code Sectlon 90-91(d) (1980)

Prohibits smoking in schools.

IL Code Sectlon 9G91 (c) (1980)
Prohibits smoking in theaters except in smoking
rooms.

c 20

c 21

C56

IL. Coda Section 90-91 (d) (1980)

Prohibits smoking in hangars.

IL. Code Section 90-91 (d) (1960)

Prohibits smoking in churches.

IL. Coda Sectlon 9Cl-91 (a) (1960)
Prohibits smoking in any "hazardous room."
IL Coda Sectlon 92-56 prohibits smoking in any
highly flammable material storage room. See also
Section 129.14 and Section 172.19.

C63  IL. Code Sectlon 90-91 (g) (1980)
  Prohibits smoking in any lumberyard or lumber
   storehouse.

C65

C68

c 70

c 71

C 72

c73

C77

C80

IL. Code Section 90-91 (e) (1980)

Prohibits smoking in any public assembly unit where
combustible contents are kept.

IL Code Sectlon 178.1-11(a) (1982)

Provides that if any person fails to pay the tax, cor-
porate counsel may bring an action for payment of the
tax on behalf of the city. The mayor may revoke all city
license of the tax evader (including tobacco dealers
license).

IL. Code SectIon 178.1-7 (1982)

Provides that tobacco wholesalers must make an in-
voice for each sale of cigarettes and provides that
tobacco wholesalers must file a quarterly cigarette tax
return showing all tobacco sales by him within the city
and to persons outside the city.

Section 178.1-2(b) provides that each tobacco
wholesaler must purchase tax stamps from the comp-
troller before delivery to the retailer.

IL. Code Sectlon 178.1-8 (1982)

Prohibits walking, altering, or forging any cigarette tax
stamp with intent to defraud.

IL. Code Section 178.1-l .4 (1982)

Fine for first offense is $50 to $300, for second offense
is $50 to $500 (within a 180 day period); third offense
is a misdemeanor punishable by incarceration for not
more than six months.

IL. Code Sectlon 178.1-5 (1982)

Provides that every retail tobacco dealer must file a
sworn inventory of all cigarettes within his control
within 10 days of the effective date of the ordinance.
The inventory must be filed with the director of revenue
and must be accompanied by a report showing all
cigarette purchases within the preceeding three
months. The retail dealer must then pay taxes on the
unstamped cigarettes.

IL. Code Section 178.1-7 (1982)

Requires wholesale dealers to make a triplicate in-
voice showing date of delivery, number of packages,
and name of the purchase.

IL. Code Sectlon 178.1-4 (1982)

Provides that the city comptroller shall appoint some
person (wholesaler) to affix tax stamps to any
cigarettes under his control.

128


C 81

C65

C 87

c 91

c 93

c 94

c95

C96

IL. Code Section 178.1-2 (1982)

Imposes a 1Oe tax on each 20 cigarettes. The
wholesaler shall pay the comptroller, the retailer shall
pay the wholesaler, and the purchaser shall pay the
retailer.

IL. Code Sectlon 178.1-l 2 (1982)

The comptroller may seize any cigarettes and vending
machine when tax on the cigarettes has not been paid,
or stamps affixed.

IL Code Section 176-19.1 (1982)

Requires a seller to request identification from any
person he believes or has reason to believe is under
18 years of age. Repeated or knowing failure to re-
quest identification will result in revocation of tobacco
sales license.

IL. Code Section 178-l 9 (1982)

Prohibits the sale of cigarettes to any minor under 18
years of age.

Section 178:18 prohibits any person from selling
cigarettes within 100 feet of any school.

IL. Code Section 178-l 9.2 (1982)

Requires every seller of tobacco products to post a
warning stating that persons under 18 years of age are
subject to a $500 fine for purchasing cigarettes or for
misrepresenting their age.

IL Code Section 178-23 (1982)

Provides that no cigarette vending machine shall be
installed where minors under 18 years of age are
employed unlessthe machine is under constant super-
vision by a responsible adult. Further provides that
each vending machine must exhibit a sign stating that
it is unlawful to sell cigarettes to anyone under 18 years
of age.

IL Code Sectlon 178-19 (1982)

Prohibits minors under 18 years of age from purchas-
ing or accepting delivery of cigarettes. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $50 to $500.

IL Code Sectbn 178-19.3 (1982)

Prohibits minors from misrepresenting their age, or
from using another's identification card, for the pur-
pose of obtaining cigarettes.

Columbus, Ohio

D15

OH. Code Section 81, Ord. No. 23748 (1919)

Prohibits smoking in retail stores employing 25 or more
persons or designed to accommodate 200 or more
persons. Restrooms are excluded.

D 17

OH. Code Section 1016 (Code of 1919)

Prohibits smoking in theaters, halls, auditoriums, and
public buildings. Violation is punishable by a fine of $5
to $500.

D65

Columbus, Ohio, City Bulletin (July 26,198O) Prohibits
smoking in public theaters and auditoriums.

OH. Code Section 18.42, Ord. No. 215-42 (1942)

Prohibits smoking in any rooms used for dry cleaning.

Dallas, Texas

El

E2

E3

E4

E6

E8

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(6) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in any transit system vehicle. Viola-
tion is punishable by a fine of $25 to $200.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(6) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in any transit system vehicle. Viola-
tion is punishable by a fine of $25 to $200.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(l) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in any public elevator. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $25 to $200.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(3) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in any conference room, meeting
room, or public service facility owned, operated, or
managed by the city. Love Field, Dallas Convention
Center, Reunion Arena, concert halls, cultural
facilities, and common areas of city-owned theaters
are excluded.

TX. Code Section 4%2(c)(l 812) (1985)

Gives hospital patients the right to choose whether to
be in a no smoking room. Requires employees or
visitors to obtain express approval from a patient
before smoking in the patient's room.

TX. Code Section 41-2(a)(b) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in libraries.

129


E9

El0

El1

El2

El3

El5

El6

El7

E 27

E 33

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(6) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in museums.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(3) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in conference rooms and meeting
rooms.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(5) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in any area posted by the owner of
a hospital, nursing home, retail establishment, or ser-
vice establishment.

TX. Code Section 41-2 (1985)

Specifies the areas where publicsmoking is prohibited
in Dallas.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-4 (1985)

Food product establishments must have separate
smoking and nonsmoking areas. The areas must be
separated by four feet of space. The areas must be
adequately ventilated. All non-dining areas of res-
taurants must be designated as nonsmoking areas.
Establishments seating less than 50 persons; estab-
lishments with gross sales of alcohol of greater than
70 percent; and a separated bar area of a food
products establishment are excepted. Violation is
punishable by fines of $25 to $250.

TX. Code Section 41-2(a)(4) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in retail or service establishments
serving the general public including grocery stores,
department stores, and drug stores. Love Field, Dallas
Convention Center, Reunion Arena, and common
areas of theaters, concert halls, cultural facilites, and
common areas of city-owned theaters are excepted.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(6) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in public, primary, or secondary
schools. Violation is punishable by fines of $25 to
$250.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-2(a)(6) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in enclosed theaters. Violation is
punishable by fines of $25 to $250.
TX. Code Section 41-6(1)(D) (1987)

Provides that the employer must establish a procedure
for addressing 8mpby88 CCmphintS.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-6(l)(c) (1987)

Provides that the employer need use only existing
structural barriers and ventilation system.

E34

E 37

E39

E40

E 41

E42

E 57

E66

TX. Code Sectlon 41-6(l)(c) (1987)

Provides that the employer shall designate a non-
smoking area to minimize nonsmokers involuntary ex-
posure to second-hand smoke.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-6(3) (1987)

Prohibits an employer from discharging, retailing, or
discriminating against an employee who: 1) files a
complaint or institutes a proceeding; 2) testifies in an
instituted procedure; or 3) exercises a right given by
this chapter.

TX. Code SectIon 41-6(2) (1987)

Provides that conspicuous signs must be posted in a
nonsmoking area.

TX. Code Sectlon 41-6(l)(c) (1987)
Requires nonsmoking areas to be created using the
existing structural barriers and ventilation.

TX. Code Section 41-6(l) (1987)

Provides that employers implement a written smoking
policy that protects nonsmokers from second-hand
smoke.

TX. Code Sectlon 41 .l (1987)

Violation is punishable by a fine of $50 to $500.

TX. Code Section 26-7 (Item 20~) (1961)

Prohibits the us8 of tobacco by any person engaged
in processing milk or milk products.

TX. Code Se&Ion 17-3.3(b) (1985)

Prohibits persons who work in food product estab-
lishmentsfrom smoking. (While preparing food or while
occupying an area used for food preparation).

Detroit, Michigan

F3  Ml. Code Sect/on 193-96 (1979).
  Prohibits smoking in any elevator within the City of
    D8trOit.

F 49  MI. Code Section 19-3-47(2) (1979)
  Prohibits smoking in any area where combustible
    fibers are stored.

F 52  MI. Code Section 19-3-47(3) (1979)
  Prohibits smoking in areas containing dust producing
  or dust-agitating operations.

130


F56

F86

F 89

F 91

F 92

F 96

Ml. Code Section 44-2-B (1964)

Prohibits using a cigarette or cigar to set fire to any
furnishings in a hotel.

Ml. Code Section 11-3-l (1964)

Prohibits any person from persuading, counseling, or
advising any minor to smoke cigarettes. First offense
is punishable by a fine not to exceed $25 or imprison-
ment not to exceed 30 days. The second offense is
punishable by a fine not to exceed $100 or imprison-
ment not to exceed 60 days.

Ml. Code Section 11-3-3 (1964)

Makes it unlawful for any minor to buy, receive, or
possess cigarettes.

Ml. Code Section 11-3-l (1964)

Prohibits any person from selling, furnishing, or giving
away cigarettes to minors.

MI. Code Section 11-3-3 (1964)

Prohibits minors from using cigarettes.

MI. Code Section 11-3-2 (1964)

Prohibits any minor from misrepresenting his age to
obtain cigarettes.

Houston, Texas

Gl  TX. Code Sectbn 21-237(a) (1986)

   Prohibits smoking in public places including vehicles
   of public transportation such as trains, buses, or fer-
   ries. (See Section 21-236). Taxicabs and limosines are
   exduded.

G 3  TX. Code Sectbn 21-237(a) (1986)

   Prohibits smoking in public places including elevators.
   (See Section 21-236).

G 4  TX. Code Sectlon 21-237(a) (1986)

   Prohibits smoking in public places including
   governmental facilities. (See Section 21-236).

G 5  TX. Code Section 21-237(a) (1996)

   Prohibits smoking in public places including gym-
   nasiums, Concert halls, and auditoriums. (See Section
   21-236).

G 6  TX. Code Sectbn 21-237(a) (1986)

  Prohibits smoking in public places including health
   care facilities, i.e., hospitals, nursing homes, doctors'
   and dentists offices, and laboratories. (See Section
  21-236). Lobbies and reception areas are excluded.

131

G7

G8

GB

GlO

G12

G13

G 14

G 15

G16

G17

G 20

TX. Code Section 21-237(a) (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places including hotels and
motels. (See Section 21-236). Hotel and motel sleep-
ing rooms rented to guests are excluded.

TX. Code Sectlon 21-237(a) (1966)

Prohibits smoking in public places including libraries.
(Se8 Section 21-236).

TX. Code Se&on 21-237(a) (1966)

Prohibits smoking in public places including museums
and art galleries. (See Section 21-236).

TX. Code Sectlon 21-237(a) (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places including meeting
rooms and convention centers. (See Section 21-236).
The Convention center exhibition area is excluded.

TX. Code Section 21-237(a) (1986)

Institutes a general prohibition on smoking in public
places. (Se8 other Summaries for details).

TX. Code Sectlon 21-237(a) (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places including res-
taurants (prohibition applies to all commercial estab-
lishments). (See Section 21-236). Lounge bar,
restaurant bar, and restaurants with a seating capacity
of less than 50 persons are excepted.

TX. Code Section 21-237(a) (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places including
restrooms. (See Section 21-236).

TX. Code Sectlon 21-237(a) (1966)

Prohibits smoking in public places including retail
establishments. (Applies to all commercial
establishments). (Se8 Section 21-236). Tobacco
specialty retail shops are excluded.

TX. Code Section 21-237(a) (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places induding education-
al facilities. (See Section 21-236). (Applies to day car8
through colleges).

TX. Code Se&on 21-237(a) (1966)

Prohibits smoking in public pIaCes including theaters.
(See Section 21-236). Lobbies are eXCepted.

TX. Code Sectlon 21-237(a) (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places including airports.
(See Section 21-236).


G 41  TX. Code Sectbn 21-239, Ord. No. 86-1311, Sectbn
   2 (1986)

Requires 8mpby8fS to implement and maintain a writ-
ten smoking policy to accommodate the desires of
Smokers and nonsmokers.

G 51  TX. Code Sectlon 46-147

   Prohibits drivers of suburban buses from smoking.

G 59  TX. Code Section 3166

   Provides for no-smoking signs to be placed on each
   oil well, storage tank, or batt8ry of tanks within the city
    limits.

G 61  TX. Code S&Ion 8-l 89

   Prohibits any person from igniting a match, lighter, or
   flammable object within 50 feet of a Vehicle accident.

Indianapolis, Indiana

Hl

H3

H4

H6

H7

HlO

H12

IN. Code Sectlon 12-l 26(c) (1972)

Prohibits smoking in any streetcar, bus, elevator, or
public conveyance; taxicabs are excepted.

IN. Code Section 12-l 26(c) (1972)

Prohibits smoking in elevators.

IN. Code Sectbn 20-203 (1987)

Prohibits smoking in any local government building in
all public service areas (any room, corridor, orconfined
area where the public is required to direct or transact
business with local government officials).

IN. Code Section 12-l 26(d)(2) (1972)

Prohibits smoking in bed in a hospital.

IN. Code Sectbn 12-l 26(d)(2) (1972)

Prohibits smoking in bed in a hotel.

IN. Code Sectbn 20-204 (1987)

Prohibits smoking in any public assembly area of any
local government building, except in designated smok-
ing areas (any room regularly used for public meetings
conducted by officials of Indianapolis).

IN. Code S&Ion 20-201 (1987)

Generally restricts smoking in certain public buildings.
(sp8Cifb restrictions on Other summaries.)

H15

H16

H 51

H 52

H 53

H54

H 58

H 65

IN. Code Sectlon 12-l 26(b)(l) (1972)

Prohibits smoking in retail selling establishments.

IN. Code Sectlon 12-l 26(b)(3) (1972)

Prohibits smoking in all `Educational Occupancies" (no
definition provided for th8Se terms in the ordinance).

IN. Code Section 12-246(b) (1972)

Prohibits smoking by any person in Charge of aVehbl8
containing explosives.

IN. Code Section 12-l 96(3) (1972)

Prohibits smoking in rooms containing a dusty atmos-
phere.

IN. Code Se&on 12-240(a) (1972)

Prohibits any person in charge of a vehicle containing
explosives from smoking. Section 12-246 prohibits
smoking while handling 8XpbSiVeS.

IN. Code Sectbn 12-432 (1972)

Prohibits smoking in rooms where film is stored or
handled.

IN. Code Section 12-378 (1972)

Prohibitssmoking in roomswhereflammable materials
are kept.

IN. Code Sectlon 12-310 (1982)

Prohibits smoking in any area used for the storage of
flammable finishes or in any finishing room. Section
12-378 prohibits smoking in all buildings that contain
flammable liquids.

Jackonsville, Florida

15

18

I 11

Jacksonville, FL., Code Sectlon 614.125, Supp. 4
(1 QW

Smoking is prohibited in the Veterans Memorial
Coliseum except in restrooms and designated smok-
ing areas,

Jacksonville, FL., Code Sectlon 614.125, Supp. 4
(1983)

Smoking is prohibited in public libraries.

Jacksonville, FL, Code Section 447.202 (1983)

Smoking is prohibited in places of assembly where the
Fir8 Marshall d88mS it a public hazard, smoking is alsO
prohibited. In such cases, regulation signs must be
posted marking the ar8a nonsmoking.

132


I 17

Jacksonvlll8, FL., Code Section 614.125, Supp. 4
(1983)

Smoking is allowed by performers as part of a theatri-
cal production or during private gatherings or affairs
not open to the general public. Violation is punishable
by a fin8 not more than $25, imprisonment for up to 10
days, or both.

I 24

Jacksonville, FL, Code Sectlon 447.202 (1983)

Smoking is prohibited in any area where conditions are
such as to make smoking a hazard such as any areas
of warehouses, stores, industrial plants, institutions, or
places where combustible materials are stored or
handled.

I 50

Jacksonville, FL, Code Sectlon 446.114 (1983)

Where smoking is permitted, there shall be provided
suitable, noncombustible ash trays or match receivers.

I 51

Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 431.107 (h) (1983)

No person shall smoke, carry matches, or any Other
flame producing device while in or near a vehicle
transporting explosives.

I 52

Jacksonville, FL., Code Section 434.103 & Section
441.103 (1983)

Smoking is prohibited in any room containing a dusty
atmosphere, such as lumberyards and woodworking
plants.

153  Jacksonville, FL., Code Sectlon 431.106, S&Ion
I56  431 .107, Sectlon 431.109, Sectlon 435.914, &
159  Section 431 .112 (1983)

Smoking is prohibited in the area of explosives and
facilities for mixing blasting agents, and in or near a
vehicle transporting explosives.

I 63

Jacksonville, FL, Code Sectlon 447.202 (1983)

Smoking is prohibited in any area where conditions are
such as to make smoking a hazard such as any areas
of war8hous8s, stores, industrial plants, institutions, or
places where combustible materials are stored or
handled.

I64

Jacksonville, FL, Code Sectlon 447.202 (1983)

Smoking is prohibited in any area where conditions are
such as to make smoking a hazard i.e., any areas of
piers. wharves, sheds, warehouses, stores, industrial
plants, institutions, or places where combustible
materials are Stored or handled.

I 65

Jacksonville, FL., Code S&Ion 434.103 & 435.607
(1983)

Smoking is prohibited in any room where flammable
materials are kept.

Smoking is prohibited in finishing rooms or any area
used for the storage of flammable finishes.

I 67  Jacksonville, FL, Code Section 447.202 (1983)

   Smoking is prohibited in any area where conditions are
   such as to make smoking a hazard such as any areas
   of industrial plants, institutions, and buildings under
    construction.

I 86  Jacksonville, FL, Code Sectlon 486.111 (1983)

   lt is prohibited to sell, barter, give, exchange or other-
   wise distribute any cigarette, cigar, pipe, cigarette roll-
   ing papers, tobacco, smoking herb, or any other
   smoking material, to any person under the age of 18
   years. Ignorance or miSrepr8S8ntatiOn of the age of a
   recipient of any of the smoking materials shall not be
   a defense to a prosecution.

I 90  Jacksonvlile, FL, Code Sectlon 488.111 (1983)
I 91

ft is prohibited to sell, barter, give, exchange, or Other-
wise distribute any cigarette, cigar, pipe, cigarette roll-
ing papers, tobacco, smoking herb, or any other
smoking material, to any person under th8 age of 18
years. lgnOrariC8 or misrepresentation Of th8 age Of a
recipient of any of the smoking materials shall not b8
a defense to a prosecution.

I B3  Jacksonville, FL, Code Section 488.111 (1983)

   Signs reflecting the sale and use of tobacco products
   to minors shall be prominently posted at all times.
   Violation shall be punishable by $500 fine, 90 days in
   jail, or both.

Los Angeles, California

55

J6

J8

J 10

Los Angeles, CA. Ordinance 162989 (approved
1987) (amending Section 41.50 of Los Angeles,
CA., Code)

Prohibits smoking in public arenas, gymnasiums, or
other building designed for observing sports events.
Lobbies are excepted.

Los Angeles, CA. Code Section 41.50 (as amended
by Ord. No. 159498 (1984))

Prohibits smoking in health care facilities open to
visitors. Enclosed awas, set aside and designated as
smoking areas are excepted.

Los Angeles, CA. Code Section 41.50 (as amended
by Ord. 162989 (1987))

Prohibits smoking in indoor areas of public libraries.

Los Angeles, CA. Code Section 41.50 (as amended
by Ord. 159498, (1984))

Prohibits smoking in meeting and assembly places
open to the general public as participants or

133


J12

J 13

515

J16

J 17

J 18

J 20

J 23

J 25

spectators. A smoking area permitted by the statute is
excepted.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (1984)

Institutes a general prohibition on public smoking in
specified areas. (See other summaries for details).

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (as amended by Old.
162989 (1987))

Prohibits smoking in certain areas of restaurants
having a seating capacity of greater than 50 parsons.
Bars and rooms being used for private functions are
excluded.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (as amended by Old.
159498 (1984))

Prohibits smoking in any retail food marketing estab-
lishments including grocery stores and supermarkets.
Areas set aside for serving food and drink, restrooms,
offices, and areas not open to the public are excepted.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (as amended by Ord.
162989 (1987))

Prohibits smoking in areas of private elementary and
private secondary schools normally occupied by
children.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (as amended by Ord.
162989 (1987))

Prohibits smoking in any building open to the public for
the primary purpose of exhibiting any motion picture,
stage production, musical recital, or other event open
to public spectators.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (as amended by Ord.
162989 (1987))

Prohibits smoking in any indoor polling place.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (as amended by Ord.
162989 (1987))

Prohibits smoking in any airport, train, and bus depot,
waiting areas or ticket lines.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (as amended by Ord.
162989 (1987))

Prohibits smoking in any private day care facility or any
private residences licensed as a private day care
facility.

CA. Code Section 41.50 (amended by Ord. No. 159,
498 (1984))

Provides for nonsmoking areas of not less than two-
thirds of the seating capacity or floor space of
cafeterias and lunchroo,ms.

J 27

J 30

J 32

J 33

J 34

J 35

J 36

J 39

J 41

CA. Code Section 41.50 (enacted by Old. 159,498
(19W)

The employer must provide a statement that, in any
dispute arising between smokers and nonsmokers, an
effort will be made to accommodate the desires of both
parties.

CA. Code Sectlon 41 SO (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1 W)

Provides that an employer who makes reasonable
efforts to develop and promulgate a policy regarding
smoking and nonsmoking shall ba deemed in com-
pliance with the act. Designating the entire workplace
as a smoking area is excepted.

CA. Code Sectlon 41 SO (amended by Ord. 159,498
(19W)

Provides that a minimum of two-thirdsof a lounge must
be a nonsmoking area.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1 W)

An employer need not incur any expense to make
structural or physical modifications in providing smok-
ing areas.

CA. Code Sectlon 41 SO (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1 WI

Institutes a general requirement that certain areas of
the workplace be designated as nonsmoking areas.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1 W)

Requires that the employer communicate the smoking
policy to employees within three weeks after date of
adoption, and to future employees at the time of entry
into employment.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1 fw)

Prohibits smoking in restrooms in the workplace.

CA, Code Sectlon 41.50 (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1-w

Requires the employer to post no-smoking signs in
nonsmoking areas.

CA. Code Sectlon 41.50 (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1 gw

Requires employers to adopt, implement, and maintain
a written smoking policy containing minimum require-
ments (listed in other summaries).

134


J 42

J 45

J 58

J 68

J 69

J 76

577

J 78

J 79

J 81

CA. Code Section 41.50 (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1964))

An employerwhofailsto adopt asmoking policyorwho
fails to post signs in any area designated under this
Attici as a nonsmoking area shall be in violation of
this Article. Violation is punishable as a misdemeanor.

CA. Code Section 41.50 (amended by Ord. 159,498
(1-w

Prohibits smoking in nurses aid stations or other similar
facilities for treatment of employees.

CA. Code Sectlon 57.100.37

Prohibits smoking in any public garage or on auto
fueling station premises.

CA. Code Sectlon 21.8.11 (1964)

Provides that the city may recover unpaid tax from any
user or retailer of cigarettes who has not complied with
the ordinance.

CA. Code Sectlon 21.8.3 (1964)

Provides that the retailer shall collect the tax from the
purchaser at the time of purchase. The retailer is then
liable to the city for the amount collected.

CA. Code Sectlon 21.8.6 (1964)

Provides that delinquent tax payments are subject to
interest and penalties as provided in Section 21.05 for
delinquency in payment of business tax.

CA. Code Section 21.8.9 (1964)

Provides that every retailer of cigarettes must keep all
records necessary to determine the amount of the tax
for a period of four years. The city clerk has the right
to inspect the records.

CA. Code Sectlon 21.8.10 (1984)

Provides for a tax refund if the tax was overpaid, paid
more than once, or wrongly collected.

CA. Code Sectlon 21.8.5 (1964)

Provides that each retailer must register with the city
clerk and obtain a "Cigarette Tax Registration Certifi-
cate." The certifiiate must state the retailer's name,
address of the retailer's place of business, and the date
the certificate was issued. The certificate must be
posted in a conspicuous place.

CA. Code Section 21.8.2 (1964)

Provides that a tax is imposed on cigarettes in the city
of Los Angeles in the amount of two mills per cigarette
($.002) from September 30, 1967.

Memphis, Tennessee

Kl

K3

K5

K6

K7

KIO

Kll

K12

K13

K15

K16

K70

TN. Code Sectlon 20-25 (1986)

Prohibits smoking on all Memphis Area Transit
Authority buses. Violation is punishable by a fine of up
to $50.

TN. Code Sectlon 20-25 (1966)

Prohibits smoking on all public elevators. Violation is
punishable by a fine of up to $50.

TN. Code Section 20-25 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in Mid South Coliseum, the
Auditorium South Hall, and the Dixon-Meyers Hall, and
the Auditorium stage area. Lobbies are excepted.

TN. Code Sectlon 20-25 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in hospital lobbies and waiting
rooms.

TN. Code Section 20-25 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in hotels.

TN. Code Section 20-25 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in Cook Convention Center.

TN. Code Sectlon 20-25 (1966)

Prohibits smoking in areas designated as nonsmoking
areas in hospital lobbies and waiting rooms.

IN. Code Sectlon 20-25 (1966)

Institutes a general prohibition in certain public areas.
(See other summaries for specific areas).

TN. Code Sectlon 20-25 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in all public and private restaurants.
Restaurants with adequate nonsmoking areas, and
rooms being used for private functions are excepted.

TN. Code Section 20-25 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in all enclosed public areas of any
merchandising store with more than five employees.
Owner may establish a smoking area in nonshopping
areas; tobacco stores are excluded.

TN.Code Section 20.25(1986)

Prohibits smoking in theaters.

TN. Code Sectlon 36-43 (1967)

Provides that the wholesaler should add the cigarette
tax for cigarettes sold by retailers within the city. The
retailer should charge the tax paid to the consumer.

135


K75

K77

K78

K80

K 81

TN. Code Section 36-51 (1967)

Exempts cigarettes bought by military personnel in any
military establishment from taxation.

TN. Code Section 36-49 (1967)

Provides that city officials have access at all
reasonable times to all records of wholesalers which
are pertinent to determination and collection of the tax.

TN. Code Sectlon 36-47 (1967)

Provides a refund on unsellable stamps or for stamps
on unsellable products.

TN. Code Sectlon 36-46 (1967)

Requires the wholesaler to affix stamps showing the
tax payment on each pack of cigarettes before delivery
to the retailer.

TN. Code Sectlon 36-42 (1967)

Provides for a cigarette tax of 1 e per 20 cigarette pack.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Ll

L17

L90

L 91

L 94

WI. Code Sectlon 98-15 (1979)

Prohibits smoking on a public bus operated by the City
of Milwaukee. Violation is punishable by a fine of $10
to $50.

WI. Code Sectlon 105-49 (1943)

Prohibits smoking in theaters or motion picture
theaters. Violation is punishable by a fine of $10.

WI. Code Section lOS-SO(S) (1956)

Makes it illegal for any person to permit a person under
16 years of age to use cigarettes in or upon premises
occupied by him. Violation is punishable by a maxi-
mum fine of $10 for the first offense and $35 for the
second offense.

WI. Code Section 106-30(2) (1956)

Prohibits any person from selling cigarettes to any
minor under 16 years of age. Violation is punishable
by a fine of $25 to $100.

WI. Code Sectlon 10630(4) (1956)

The text was not included only a notice that the or-
dinance was being renumbered. (The ordinance re-
lates to cigarette vending decals and the sale of
tobacco to minors).

New York, New York

Ml

M2

M3

M5

M6

M7

M8

M9

NY. Code Sectlon 17-503 (a)1 (1988)

Prohibits smoking in all public transportation facilities
including ticketing, boarding, and waiting areas of
depots.

NY. Code Sectlon 17-503 (a)(2) (1988)

Prohibits smoking on all public means of mass
transportation, buses, subways, vans, and for-hire
vehicles required to be licensed by the city, i.e., taxi
cabs.

NY. Code Sectlon 17-503 (a)(l5) (1988)

Prohibits smoking on elevators.

NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(8) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in concert halls and auditoriums.
Adjacent areas designed for smoking are excepted so
long as an area includes no more than 50 percent of
the lobby.

Section 17-503 (a)(lO) prohibits smoking in sports
arenas (including bowling alleys). An adjacent area is
excepted if area does not amount to over 50 percent
of the lobby. This does not apply to the area in the
bowling alley directly behind the scoring area.

NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(l2) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in public health care facilities includ-
ing hospitals, clinics, physical therapy facilities, con-
valescent homes, and homes for the aged. Offices,
lounges designed for smoking, and areas in dining
rooms where smoking is not otherwise prohibited are
excepted.

NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(6) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in hotels and motels with 15 or more
employees. Does not apply to private areas. Smoking
area 25 feet from main desk is excepted so long as the
smoking area does not include greaterthan 50 percent
of the lobby.

NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(7) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in libraries.

NY. Code Sectlon 17-503 (a)(7) (1988)
Prohibits smoking in museums and galleries.

136


M 10 NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(9) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in convention halls. Smoking may
be permitted in a contiguous area so long as it con-
stitutes no more than 50 percent of seating capacity or
floor space; in continguous area so long as it con-
stitutes no more than 50 percent of the lobby; and at
conventions of private groups where persons par-
ticipating are individually identified by the sponsor or
organizer of the convention.

Section 17-503 (a)(1 1) prohibits smoking in public
meeting places when the meeting is conducted for
educational, religious, recreational, or political pur-
poses; private homes are excepted.

M 12  NY. Code Section 17-503 (1988)
  Institutes a general prohibition against smoking in
  specified public places. (See individual summaries for
   specific places).

M 13  NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(5) (1988)
  Prohibits smoking in restaurants with a seating
  capacity of greater than 50. Bars and a contiguous
  smoking area that does not take up more than 50
  percent of the seating capacity are excepted.
  Proprietor may exceed the 50 percent smoking maxi-
  mum by 10 percent if a party of greater than 6 request
  to be seated and the only available seats are in the
   nonsmoking section.

M 14 NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(3) (1988)

   Prohibits smoking in public restrooms.

M 15 NY. Code Sectlon 17-503 (a)(4) (1988)
  Prohibits smoking in retail stores which accommodate
  more than 150 persons, or employ more than 15
  people. Tobacco products retail stores are excepted.

M 16 NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(13), (14)(1988)
  Prohibits smoking in all pre-primary, primary, and
  secondary schools. Areas designated for smoking in
  employee dining areas, lounges, or administrative of-
   fices are excepted.

Section 14 summary: prohibits smoking in all schools
not covered in Section 13, such as colleges. Desig-
nated employee smoking areas such as dining areas,
lunchrooms, and lounges are excepted. Smoking
areas in student dining areas or lounges are excepted
provided that the area does not constitute more than
50 percent of the seating area or floor space.

M 17 NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(6) (1988)
  Prohibits smoking in theaters. Smoking area of less
  than 50 percent of the lobby is excepted.

M 21  NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(1 1) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in places of public assembly when
the meeting is being conducted for religious purposes.

M 22  NY. Code Section 17-503 (a)(6) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in business establishments employ-
ing more than 15 employees including banks.

M 25 NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(5) (1988)

Provides that nonsmoking areas of cafeterias and
lunchrooms shall constitute at least 50 percent of
seating capacity or floor space (whichever is greater).

M 26 NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(3) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in auditoriums and classrooms.

M 27 NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(5) (1988)

Provides for establishment of a procedure to resolve
disputes caused by an employee's desire to work in a
smoke-free environment.

M 28 NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(3) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in conference rooms and meeting
rooms (unless all present consent).

M 29 NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(l) (1988)

Allows an employee to designate his or her work area
as a nonsmoking area (not less than 8 feet from
smoking area).

M 31  NY. Code SectIon 17-504 (b)(3) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in hallways and elevators.

M 32 NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(4) (1988)

Requires that at least 50 percent of each employee
lounge be designated as a nonsmoking area.

M 34  NY. Code Section 17-504 (1988)

Requires the establishment of certain nonsmoking
areas in the workplace. (See other summaries for
details).

M 35  NY. Code SectIon 17-504 (1988)

Requires an employer to furnish each employee with
a copy of the smoking policy.

M 36 NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(3) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in restrooms.

137


M37

M39

M41

M42

M 43

M44

M45

M50

M 53

M64

M66

NY. Code Sectlon 17-504 (b)(6) (1988)

Prohibiis dismissal, demotion, suspension, discipli-
nary action, or negative performance evaluation by
employer against an employee who exercises any
rights granted under the written smoking policy.

NY. Code Section 17-506 (a) (1988)

Provides for the posting of no-smoking signs in non-
smoking areas.

NY. Code Section 17-504 (b) (1988)

Provides for implementation, adoption, and notice of a
wriien smoking policy.

NY. Code Sectlon 17-508 (1988)

Violation of the code by an employer is punishable by
the following civil penalties: a) the first violation com-
mands a $100 maximum fine; b) the second violation
within 12 months commands a $200 maximum fine;
and c) the third violation within 12 months commands
a $500 maximum fine. Violation of the code by an
employee is punishable by a $50 maximum fine.

NY. Code Section 17-504 (b) (1988)

The act only applies to employers who have more than
15 employees.

NY. Code Section 17-504 (b)(l) (1988)

Smoking may be permitted in private, enclosed off ices,
and areas occupied by employees who each request
or fail toobject to the area being made a smoking area.

NY. Code Sectlon 17-504 (b)(3) (1988)

Prohibits smoking in employee medical facilities.

NY. Code Sectlon Cl Q-l 65.0 (1976)

Prohibits disposing of any cigarette within any building,
boat, car, or common carrier except in ashtrays, or
receptacles designed for ashes.

NY. Code Sectlon Cl Q-l 68 (1976)

Prohibits smoking on any vessel storing petroleum oil.

NY. Code Sectlon Cl Q-l 68 (1976)

Prohibits smoking in any warehouse, shed, dock, pier,
bulkhead, or wharf.

NY. Code Sectlon 81.27 (1981)

Prohibits smoking in any room where food is prepared,
processed, or packaged.

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Nl

PA. Code Section 1 O-602 (enacted 1943,1947, and
1948)

Prohibits smoking in any vehicle of public transporta-
tion.

N5

PA. Code Sectlon 10-602(l) (enacted 1943, 1947,
and 1948)

Prohibits smoking in any indoor place of public as-
sembly having a capacity greater than 100 persons.

N 15

PA. Code Section 10-602(l)(c) (enacted 1943,1947,
and 1948)

Prohibits smoking in any retail store which is designed
to accommodate more than 30 persons or where more
than 25 persons are employed.

N 17

PA. Code Sectlon 10-602(l)(b)(enacted 1943,1947,
and 1948)

Prohibits smoking in any public assembly room having
a capacity in excess of 100 persons.

Phoenix, Arizona

01

d2

03

04

05

AZ. Code Section 23-105 (1986)

Prohibits smoking on all public transportation vehicles
and in all terminals (as defined in Section 23103).
Violation is punishable by a fine of $25 to $100.

AZ. Code Section 23-105 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in all public places including taxi
cabs (see Section 23-103). Violation is punishable by
a fine of $25 to $100.

AZ. Code Sectlon 23-l 05 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public elevators. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $25 to $100.

AZ. Code Sectlon 23-105 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in all enclosed public buildings in-
cluding government buildings. Violation is punishable
by a fine of $25 to $100.

AZ. Code Section 23-l 05 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in auditoriums and indoor sports
facilities. Violation is punishable by a fine of $25 to
$100.

138


06  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-l 05 (1986)

07  AZ. Code Section 23-l 05 (1986)

0 11

012

013  AZ. Code Section 23-105 (1986)

014  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-105 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places including public
restrooms as specified in Section 23-l 03. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $25 to $100.

015  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-l 05 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in retail stores, grocery stores, and
shopping malls. Violation is punishable by a fine of $25
to $100.

016

017

0 20

AZ. Code Section 23-l 05 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in all public and private schools as
specified in Section 23-l 03.

AZ Code Section 23-l 05 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in theaters as specified in Section
23-l 03.

AZ Code Sectlon 23-l 05 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places including offices of
health care professionals and pharmacies (see Sec-
tion 23-103). Violation is punishable by a fine of $25 to
$100.

Prohibits smoking in all hotel and motel public areas.
Hotel and motel rooms rented to guests and public
areas of hotels and motels that conspicuously post a
notice that the hotel or motel does not provide a
nonsmoking area are excluded.

AZ. Code Article I 4-85, Ord. No. G-969, Sectlon 2
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in any place where smoking is
specifically prohibited by signs.

AZ. Code Section 23-l 05 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in public places as specified in
Section 23-103 (includes all enclosed buildings).
Private residences, bars, pool halls, bowling alleys,
private clubs, and recreational facilities are excepted.

Prohibits smoking in public places including res-
taurants as specified in Section 23-103. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $25 to $100. Bars and public
areas of restaurants that post a notice that no non-
smoking area is provided are excepted.

Prohibits smoking in airport service lines and airport
waiting lounges as specified in Section 23-l 03.

0 22  AZ Code Sectlon 23-l 05 (1986)

   Prohibits smoking in financial institutions as specified
   in Section 23-l 03. Violation is punishable by a fine of
   $25 to $100.

0 23  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-l 05 (1986)

   Prohibits smoking in child care centers as specified in
   Section 23-l 03. Violation is punishable by a fine of $25
   to $100.

0 26  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (A)(l), Ord. No. G-2865
   (1986)

Prohibits smoking in auditoriums and classrooms.

0 28  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (A)(l), Ord. No. G-2865
   (1 QW

Prohibits smoking in conference rooms and meeting
rooms.

0 31  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (A)(l), Ord. No. G-2865
   (1 QW

Prohibits smoking in hallways, stairways, and
elevators.

0 32 AZ. Code Section 23-106 (A)(2), Ord. N. G-2865
   (1 QW

Provides for separate, nonsmoking areas of not less
than l/2 of the total floor space or seating capacity of
employee lounges.

0 33  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (A)(3), Ord. No. G-2865
   (1 QW

Employers need not make any expenditures or struc-
tural changes to accommodate the preferences of
nonsmokers.

0 34  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (A)(2), Ord. No. G-2865
   (1 QW

Provides for nonsmoking areas in specified areas (see
other summaries).

0 35  AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (4)(b), Ord. No. G-2865
   (1986)

Provides that an employer must announce the non-
smoking policy to all employees within 90 days.
Employer must post the smoking policy in a con-
spicuous area in the workplace.

0 38  AZ Code Section 23-106 (A)(l), Ord. No. G-2865
   (1 QW

Prohibits smoking in restrooms.

139


037

038

039

040

0 41

0 42

0 45

AZ. Code Section 23-107, Ord. No. G-2865 (1986)

Prohibits the termination or discipline of employees as
a result of acomplaint about smoking in the workplace.

AZ. Code Section 23-108 (4)(a), Ord. No. G-2885
(1 QW

Provides that if accommodation between smokers and
nonsmokers can't be reached, the preference of non-
smokers must prevail.

AZ. Code Section 23-106 (4)(a), Ord. No. G-2865
(1 QW

Requires the employer to post no smoking signs in
nonsmoking areas and to provide signs to employees
who wish to designate their areas as nonsmoking.

AZ. Code Section 23-106 (A)(3), Ord. No. G-2865
(1 QW

Requires an employer to use existing ventilation and
partition to accommodate the preferences of smoking
and nonsmoking employees.

AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (A), Ord. No. G-2865
(1QW

Requires employersto adopt, implement, and maintain
a wriien smoking policy.

AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106, Ord. No. G-2865 (1986)

Violation of the act is a petty offense. Violation is
punishable by a fine of $300 or less.

AZ. Code Sectlon 23-106 (A)(l), Ord. No. G-2865
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in medical facilities.

San Antonio, Texas

Pl

P2

P3

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Section 2(a)(6), Ord. No. 62781
(1QW

Prohibits smoking in bus and train facilities. First of-
fense is punishable by a fine of $25 to $200; second
offense, $50 to $500; third offense, $100 to $1000.
Chartered buses are excepted.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Section 2(a)(6), Ord. No. 62781
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in taxicabs. Taxicabs clearly desig-
nated by the operator to permit smoking are excepted.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Section 2(a)(l), Ord. No. 62781
(1QW

Prohibits smoking on all public elevators. See P-l for
fines.

P4

P5

P8

PlO

P12

P13

P15

P16

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 2(a)(3), Ord. No. 62781
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in any conference room, meeting
room, or public service area of any facility owned,
operated, or managed by the city. Conference rooms
or meeting rooms not open to the public are excepted.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Section 2(a)(4), Ord. No. 62781
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in concert halls and cultural
facilities.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Section 2(a)(2), Ord. No. 62781
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in a hospital or nursing home cor-
ridor providing direct access to patients rooms.

Section 2(c) provides that, in hospitals patients may
choose to be placed in a nonsmoking room;
employees or visitors must obtain express approval
from all patients in a patient room prior to smoking.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 2(a)(3), Ord. No. 62781
VQW

Prohibits smoking in city-owned conference rwms
and meeting rooms. Conference rwms and meeting
rwms not open to the public are excepted.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, SectIon 2, Ord. No. 62781 (1986)

Prohibits smoking in certain public places (detailed in
other summaries).

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 3, Ord. No. 62781 (1986)

Provides for separate smoking and nonsmoking areas
in restaurants and food establishments. The smoking
section must be separated from the nonsmoking sec-
tion by four feet of space; it must be ventilated, desig-
nated by signs, and have ash trays. Includes food
order areas, food service and eating areas, and
restrooms. Excludes restaurants which seat less than
50 patrons; establishments which have more than 70
percent gross sales in alcoholic beverages; and a
physically separated bar area of a restaurant.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 2(a)(4), Ord. No. 62781
(1QW

Prohibits smoking in all retail and service estab-
lishments, including department stores, grocery
stores, clothing stores, shoe stores, hardware stores,
laundromats, hair salons, and barbershops.

TX. Code Ch 28.5, Section 2(a)(6), Ord. No. 62781
(1986)

Prohibits smoking in any facility of a public primary or
secondary school.

140


P17

P20

P 22

P35

P39

P 41

P42

P47

P58

P66

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 2(a)(6), Ord. No. 62781
(1QW

Prohibits smoking in all motion picture theaters.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 2(a)(4), Ord. No. 62781
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in airport facilities.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 2(a)(4), Ord. No. 62781
(1 QW

Prohibits smoking in banks and savings and ban
facilities.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 4, Ord. No. 62791(1986)

The employer must make the smoking policy available
for inspection by employees.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 4, Ord. No. 62791 (1986)

Requires conspicuous display of signs prohibiting
smoking.

TX. Code Ch.,28.5, Section 4, Ord. No. 62791 (1986)

Employers must implement a written policy conforming
to the chapter.

TX. Code Ch. 28.5, Sectlon 4, Ord. No. 62791(1986)

First offense is punishable by a fine of $25 to $200;
second offense, $50 to $500; and third offense, $100
to $1000. Workplace restrictions apply only when
employer voluntarily designates an area of the
workplace as nonsmoking.

TX. Code Sectlon 3.61 (1987)

Prohibits smoking in a hangar, shop, service station
area, fuel storage place, or within 50 feet of refueling
in an airport.

TX. Code Section 3-113 (1984)

Prohibits smoking within 50 feet of an airplane being
refueled.

TX. Ord. No 59746 (1984) (adopting Texas Depart-
ment of Health Ruler on Food Sanitation)

Section 301.73 p. 14 prohibits employees from smok-
ing while engaged in food preparation or service or
dishwashing.

San Diego, California

Q 1  CA. Code Section 45.0103-04 (1983)

   Prohibits smoking on public conveyances.

Q3

04

08

08

Q9

010

Q12

a13

Q14

015

Q16

CA. Code Section 45.010394 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking on elevators.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0106, Ord. No. 11459 (1974)

Makes the public smoking prohibition applicable to
governmental and educational agencies within the city
limits.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in pharmacies and health facilities.
Private hospital rooms and psychiatric facilities are
excepted.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in libraries.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No,
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in museums and galleries.

CA. Code Section 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in public assembly halls.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in specified public places. Violation
is punishable by a fine of $10 to $100.

CA. Code Section 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in restaurants with a seating
capacity of greater than 20 persons. Owner must in-
form patrons that a no-smoking section is provided.
Bars are excepted.

CA. Code Section 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in public restrooms.

CA. Code Section 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in retail stores, retail service estab-
lishments, food markets, and retail food production
establishments.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in public places including education-
al facilities (Section 45.0102).

141


Q17

Q 25

Q28

Q 30

Q32

Q 33

Q 34

Q 39

Q 40

Q42

Q44

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0103-04 (1983), Ord. No.
11459 (1974)

Prohibits smoking in theaters.

CA. Code Section 45.0103 (1983)

Prohibits smoking in places of employment including
cafeterias (see Section 45.0102).

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0103 (1983)

Prohibits smoking in places of employment including
conference rwms (see Section 45.0102).

CA. Code Section 45.0104 (1983)

Provides that an employer who in good faith develops
a policy of smoking and nonsmoking shall be deemed
in compliance unless the policy designates the entire
work area as a smoking area.

CA. Code Section 45.0103 (1983)

Prohibits smoking in the workplace, including
employee lounges (see Section 45.0102).

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0104 (1983)

Provides that employers need not incur any expense
to make structural or physical modifications.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0104 (1983)

Provides that specific places be deemed nonsmoking
sections.

CA. Code Section 45.0105 (1983)

Provides that signs must be posted to clearly mark a
no-smoking area.

CA. Code Sectlon 45.0104 (1983)

Requires that employers use existing physical barriers
and partitions to minimize the effects of cigarette
smoke.

CA. Code Section 45.0107 (1983)

Violation of this Article is punishable by a fine of $10
to $100. Excludes private offices, motel and hotel
meeting and assembly rooms rented to guests, areas
and rwms while in use for private social functions,
private hospital rooms, psychiatriifacilities, jails, bars,
tobacco retail stores, and restaurants with a seating
capacity of less than 20 persons.

CA. Code Section 45.0107 (1983)

Provides that no-smoking areas are not required in
private off ices.

Q47

Q63

Q64

065

Q67

Q 89

Q 91

092

CA. Code Section 505, Ord. No. 145 (1964)

Prohibits smoking in posted areas, ramps and aprons,
or within fifty feet of hangars, fuel trucks, or fuel loading
stations of airports.

CA. Code Sectlon 55.20.4 (1967)

Prohibits smoking in garages.

CA. Code Section 63.15.37 (1987)

Prohibits smoking on any municipal wharf or
warehouse.

CA. Code Sectlon 55.26.103 (1984)

Prohibits smoking within one hour of applying flam-
mable finishes to bowling alleys.

CA. Code Sectlon 68.0131 (1969)

Prohibits smoking in buildings under construction.

CA. Code Sectlon 58.04 (1900)

Makes it unlawful for any person under 18 years of age
to possess tobacco in any form.

CA. Ord. No. 58 (1890)

Prohibits any person in the city limits from selling
cigarettes to a person under 16 years of age.

CA. Code Section 58.04 (1900)

Makes it unlawful for any person under 18 years of age
to use tobacco in any form.

San Francisco, California

R 13

R 33

R 35

CA. Code Part II. Ch. V, Artlcle 19A (1983)

Prohibits smoking in lobbies, waiting areas, restrooms,
and dining areas or restaurants specified as nonsmok-
ing areas by the owner. Owners are required to alb-
cate adequate amounts of space to meet the needs of
smokers and nonsmokers unless the restaurant has
been designated entirely nonsmoking. Owner must
inform all patrons of nonsmoking areas.

CA. Code S&Ion 1003(l)(a) (1983)

Provides that an employer need not make expendi-
tures to accommodate the preferences of smoking and
nonsmoking employees (only in office workplaces).

CA. Code Sectlon 1003(2)(b) (1983)

Requires employers to announce the smoking policy
to employees and to conspicuously post the policy in
the workplace (only in office workplaces).

142


R 38

R 39

R 40

R 41

R 42

R44

R 46

CA. Code Sectlon 1003(b) (1983)

H employer cannot accommodate the preferences of
smokers and nonsmokers, the preferences of non-
smokers should prevail (only in office workplaces).

CA. Code Section 1003(b) (1983)

Requires the employer to clearly mark nonsmoking
sections with signs (only in office workplaces).

CA. Code Section 1003 (1983)

Requires employers to use existing partitions and ven-
tilation to reduce the effects of smoke on nonsmokers
(only in the workplaces).

CA. Code Section 1003 (1963)

Requires employers to adopt, implement, and maintain
a written smoking policy in off ice workplaces.

CA. Code Section 1005 (1983)

Enforcement of violations shall include serving notice
to the employer requiring corrections of the violations,
obtaining an injunction to enforce the correction of
violations, and the prosecution of the employer. The
employer shall be liable for a civil penalty not to exceed
$500. Each day such violation is committed constitutes
a separate offense and shall be punishable as such.

CA. Code Section 1004 (1983)

The act does not apply to a private enclosed office
workplace occupied exclusively by smokers.

CA. Code Section 1003 (1983)

The act applies only to off ices.

San Jose, California

s3  CA. Code Section 944.030 (added by Ord. No.
   20364 (1980))

Prohibits smoking in elevators in public buildings.

s4  CA. Code Sectlon 944.040, Ord. No. 20364 (1980)

   Prohibits smoking in public meetings (where public
   business is conducted by elected or appointed offi-
   cials). This applies to indoor rooms, chambers, or
   places of public assembly.

s5  CA. Code Section 944.060, Ord. No. 20364 (1980)

   Prohibits smoking in any room, chamber, or place
   where entertainment events, lectures, or athletic
   events are held.

S6

SIO

s13

s15

s17

S26

S 28

s 29

s 31

S32

s 34

CA. Code SectIon 944.050, Ord. No. 20364 (1980)

Prohibits smoking in all public and private health care
facilities (public areas), including waiting rooms,
hallways, and lobbies.

Prohibits smoking in patients' rooms except by the
patient (limited to bed space occupied solely by
smokers).

CA. Code Section 944.040, Ord. No. 20364 (1980)

Prohibits smoking during public meetings.

CA. Code Section 944.060, Ord. No. 20364 (1980)

Prohibits smoking in eating establishments if the res-
taurant has a capacity of 50 persons or more. A smok-
ing area may be maintained of less than 50 percent of
the seating capacity and floor space. Banquet rooms
used for private functions are excepted.

CA. Code Section 944.070, Ord. No. 20364 (1980)

Prohibits smoking in public retail stores when doing
business with the general public. Stores not open to
the public and tobacco shops are excepted.

CA. Code Section 944.060, Ord. No. 20364 (1980)

Prohibits smoking in buildings where any motion pic-
ture, stage drama, or other performance is held.

CA. Code Sectlon 944.120 (A)(l) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in workplaces, classrooms, and
auditoriums.

CA. Code Sectlon 944.120 (A)(l) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in all conference and meeting
rooms.

CA. Code Sectlon 944.120 (A)(4) (1985)

Provides that any employee may designate his imme-
diate work area as a nonsmoking area.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (A)(l) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in hallways and elevators.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (1985)

Provides that not less than 2/3 of all floor space or
seating space of each employee lounge be designated
as a no-smoking area.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (1985)

Requires that certain areas of the workplace be
designated as no-smoking areas.

143


s 35

S36

S 38

s 39

s 41

S44

s 45

s 47

S 60

s 68

s 70

S 72

CA. Code Section 944.120 (B) (1985)
Requires the employer to communicate the smoking
policy to employees.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (A)(l) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in workplace restrooms.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (A)(5) (1985)

Provides that the preference of nonsmokers should be
given precedence in a dispute.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (A)(6) (1985)

Requires employers to post signs wherever smoking
is prohibited.

CA. Code 944.120 (A) (1985)

Requires employers to adopt, implement, and maintain
a wriiten smoking policy.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (D)(3) (1985)

Provides that a private enclosed workplace occupied
exclusively by smokers is exempted from the act.

CA. Code Section 944.120 (A)(l) (1985)

Prohibits smoking in employee medical facilities.

CA. Code Section 15.04.160 (1950)

Prohibits smoking within 50 feet of any fuel carrier not
in motion or when it is fueling or draining an aircraft.
No smoking in hangers. No smoking within 50 feet of
aircraft fuel tanks.

CA. Code Section 13.44.130 (1977)

Prohibits smoking on any park trail, bridle path, or any
fire risk area.

CA. Code Section 4.50.130 (1967)

Any person who owes taxes to the city shall be liable
to an action brought in the name of the city for recovery.

CA. Code Section 4.50.080 (1967)

Requires a distributor (wholesaler) of cigarettes to
collect and pay the tax to the city.

CA. Code Section 4.50.140 (1967)

Any person violating the cigarette tax provisions is
guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not
more than $500 or by imprisonment for not more than
6 months.

S 76

s77

S 78

s79

S 81

s 94

CA. Code Section 4.50690 (1967)

Violation is subject to the following penalties: a) during
the original delinquency period, 10 percent of the
amount of the tax will be assessed as a penalty; b) if
the delinquency period is greater than one month, an
additional 10 percent (for a total of 20 percent) plus the
amount of tax owed compounded will be assessed as
the penaity; c) for cases of fraud, 25 percent of the
amount owed is assessed as a penalty in addition to
the assessments on a) and b); d) interest on the
amount owed, in addition to the penalties, will be
assessed at of 1 percent interest per month; and e) no
penalty is imposed during a hearing period or appeal
period.

CA. Code Section 4.50.070 (1967)

Requires wholesalers to keep comprehensive records
of all cigarette distribution transactions and retain them
for three years.

CA. Code Section 4.50.120 (1967)

Whenever tax, interest, or penalty has been overpaid
or wrongfully paid, it may be refunded pursuant to a
written claim.

CA. Code Section 4.50.060 (1967)

Requires all distributors subject to the tax to register
with the Director of Finance within 30 days after the
operative date of the Act.

CA. Code Section 4.50.050 (1967)

imposes a $.0015 per cigarette (1 mills) tax upon the
privilege to distribute cigarettes in retail outlets.

CA. Code. Section 6.70.110 (1960)

Provides that a responsible employee must maintain
and supervise the use of vending machines to insure
that the machine is not operated by minors.

Washington, D. C.

Tl

T3

T4

DC. Code Section 44-223 (1979)

Prohibits smoking on any public passenger vehicle
seating 12 or more passengers.

DC. Code Section 6-913(l) (1979)

Prohibits smoking in any elevator, Elevators in single
family dwellings are excepted.

DC. Code Section 6913(3) (1979)

Prohibits smoking in any public hearing or assembly
room owned or leased by the District of Columbia
Government. District of Columbia Armory and Robert
F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium are excepted.

144


T6  DC. Code Section 6-913(6) (1979)

Prohibits smoking in any public health care facility
including hallways, waiting rooms, and lobbies.
Patients should be placed with patients who have
similar smoking preferences. Staff, visitors, and the
public shall not smoke in bed space areas of nonsmok-
ing patients.

T8  DC. Code Section S-913(4) (1979)
  Prohibits smoking in educational facilities including
   libraries (6-912( I)).

T 10  DC. Code Section S-913(3) (1979)
  Prohibits smoking in any public hearing or assembly
   room owned or leased by the District of Columbia
   Government.

T 13  DC. Code Section 6-913.1 (1988 Supp.)
  Mandatescreation of nonsmoking areas in restaurants
  with a seating capacity of more than 50 persons.
  Twenty-five percent of the restaurant shall be desig-
  nated nonsmoking. Newly constructed restaurants
  shall have 50 percent of the restaurant designated as
  a nonsmoking area. Nightclubs and taverns are ex-
    cluded.

T 15  DC. Code Section 6-913(2) (1979)
  Prohibits smoking in the public selling area of any retail
  store. Stores primarily selling tobacco products are
   excepted.

T 16 DC. Code Section S-912-13(4) (as amended by
  Amendment Act of 1987)

Prohibits smoking in any public education facility
owned by the District of Columbia Government. in-
cludes elementary schools, secondary schools, day
care centers, nursery schools, and institutions of
higher education. Excludes faculty lounges, smoking
areas, and smoking lounges approved by principal or
president of college.

T 23  DC. Code Section 6-912-913(4) (1979)
  Prohibits smoking in all educational facilities including
  nursery schools and day care centers. Faculty lounges
   are excepted.

T 70  DC. Code Section 47-2402(d) (1982)
  Requires each licensed wholesaler to affix stamps to
  cigarette packages to evidence payment of the tax.

T 71  DC. Code Section 47-2406 (1982)
  Prohibits persons from altering, forging, or counterfeit-
   ting stamps.

T 74  DC. Code Section 47-2404 (1982)

Requires sellers of cigarettes to obtain various licen-
ses from the mayor: wholesaler's license, retailer's
license, and vending machine operator's license.

T 76  DC. Code Section 47-2411 .l (1982)

Failure to pay the tobacco tax will result in penalties
and interest in accordance with Sections 47-453
through 47-456.

T 77  DC. Code Section 47-2408 (1982)

Allows the mayorto require wholesalers, retailers, and
vending machine operators to keep, maintain, and
preserve records, books, and other documents. Also
allows the mayor to require various actions to verify
and produce records.

T 78  DC. Code Section 47-2412 (1982)

Provides for refund of any tax, penalty, or interest
wrongly collected.

T 80  DC. Code Section 47-2402(d) (1982)

  Requires wholesaler to affix stamps to all cigarette
   packages.

T 81  DC. Code Section 47-2402 (1982)

   Levies a tax of 85/100 per cigarette.

T 83  DC. Code Section 47-2403 (1982)

Exempts certain cigarettes from scope of taxation: 1)
cigarettes sold by United States or District of Columbia
Governments; 2) cigarettes in possession of licensed
wholesalers for sale outside the limits of the District or
for sale to other licensed wholesalers; 3) consumer
possession of fewer than 200 cigarettes; and 4)
cigarettes being transported.

T 84  DC. Code Section 47-2405 (I 982)

Any person transporting unstamped cigarettes must
have invoices or delivery tickets in his possession.
Otherwise, cigarettes are considered contraband.
Violation is punishable by a fine of $25 for each $200
contraband cigarettes.

T 85  DC. Code Section 47-2409 (I 982)

The mayor may seize all contaxed cigarettes within the
district. All unstamped cigarettes may be seized. All
vending machines not in compliance with Section 47-
2404 may be seized. All forged or counterfeit stamps
may be seized. All money used in violation of this
chapter may be seized.

145


T 91  DC. Code Section 22-1120 (1891)

   Prohibits any person from selling cigarettes to any
   minor under 16 years of age. Violation is punishable
  by a fine of $2 to $20 or imprisonment for 5 to 20 days.

146


NATIONAL, STATE AND
LOCAL PROGRAMS


Part 1

DESCRIPTIONS OF NATlONAL PROGRAMS

This section contains detailed descriptions of smoking cessa-
tion and prevention programs developed and disseminated by
major voluntary health organizations. These programs are
generally available on a Nationwide basis through local
organization chapters or affiliates. Information on program
availability at the local level is contained in Part 2 of this
section. Descriptions of smoking-related research, preven-
tion, and cessation efforts developed by Federal agencies and
having a National impact are also included in Part 1 of this
section.

VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS

Voluntary efforts towards smoking education and cessation
have greatly increased since the last biennial report. The
programs described in this section were developed and dis-
seminated by various organizations, including the American
Cancer Society, American Heart Association, American Lung
Association, General Conferenceof Seventh-Day Adventists,
and American Public Health Association, and include only
those programs with a primary focus on smoking. Numerous
programs are also available in which smoking cessation or
prevention is a component of a total health education or
behavior modification plan. For the purposes of this report,
only the most commonly implemented and smoking-specific
programs are described in detail. The programs listed are
implemented through local chapters or affiliates throughout
each State and in United States territories and possessions.

American Cancer Society

Every year, the American Cancer Society's (ACS) 58 divisions
and 3,100 local units reach millions of adults and young people
through its smoking education, prevention, and cessation
programs. in addition, the society distributes millions of
pamphlets, posters, and exhibits on smoking. While smokers
are reached throughout the year by mass media efforts and
physician counseling, special ACS efforts to reach all smokers
include November's Great American Smokeout and April's
Cancer Crusade.

Educational programs and FreshStart smoking cessation
clinics are conducted on the local level through a comprehen-
sive smoking control program that includes mass media ef-
forts, legislative initiatives, professional education, and

response and referral systems. Heavy emphasis is placed on
preparing other facilities, such as hospitals or industries, to
assume primary responsibility for helping smokers to quit.

Education Programs

Education in the prevention of smoking is carried out principal-
ly in the schools because young people presumably have not
yet established the smoking habit. Programs begin in pre-
school, where students are just learning about their bodies
and good health habits, and continue through high school.
Among the most widely disseminated smoking prevention
programs developed by the ACS are the following.

Starting Free, Good Air For Me is a program that helps
preschoolers understand that they can leave the room
when someone is smoking, tell an adult how smoking
makes them feel, and ask an adult not to smoke in their
presence. The package contains five different story
books, hand puppets, a classroom poster, stickers,
coloring books, and home activity sheets.

An Early Start To Good Health is a followup program to
Starting Free, Good Air For Me, designed for students in
grades 1 through 3. The package includes a musical
sound filmstrip, teaching guide, wall poster, activity spirit
masters, and a letter to parents asking them to review the
information with their child.

Health Network includes new multi-media teaching units
for students in grades 4 through 6. Each unit contains a
sound filmstrip TV program interrupted by a simulated
      

commercial message to stimulate followup discussion, a
teaching guide with suggested classroom activities, les-
son plans and filmstrip script, a wall poster or game, and
duplicating masters for the activities detailed in the
teaching guide.

o Heafthy Decisions is a software package containing a
users manual, help cards, and leader's guide. The pro-
gram is designed to allow students in grades 4 through 6
practice decision making skills.

o Health Myself is a series of teaching units that can be
incorporated into language arts, science, and social
studies classes for students in grades 7 through 9. The
units focus on the impact of societal influences on smok-
ing behavior. The package includes a teaching guide,
1 O-minute sound color videocassette, activity sheets, and
a poster.

149


Cessatlon Programs

Cessation programs are offered in the community through
hospitals, worksites, and schools. The ACS trains facilitators
to conduct various group programs, but a majority of the
materials can be used independently in a self-help format. The
following programs are part of the ACS effort.

o FreshStart is a smoking cessation clinic that includes a
series of four l-hour group sessions conducted over a
2-week period. The program contains all of the essential
information and strategies a participant needs to stop
smoking permanently. A FreshStart Facilitator's Guide,
containing a summary agenda for each session followed
by details of the program's content, is available from ACS.

A FreshStart Participant's Guide is also available. This
guide complements the group sessions; however, it is
fully self-explanatory and can be used by individuals who
have decided to quit smoking without participating in a
program.

o Breaking Free is a smoking information and cessation
package for vocational and technical high school stu-
dents incorporating group discussion, guest speakers,
films, and videos. Many of the techniques outlined in the
FreshStart Participant's Guide are used in a modified
format appropriate to the target audience.

o Quitter's Guide: Seven Days To Stop Smoking is a
self-help manual available, free of charge, through all
ACS offices. The manual outlines steps for quitting in
seven days and suggests a variety of relaxation and
motivation techniques for smokers who wish to quit on
their own.

. Why Quit Quiz is an information package developed by
the ACS of Massachusetts. Participants respond to
questions regarding their smoking behavior on a quiz and
then view a film to determine their score.

o Guide To Community Action Toward A Smoke-Free In-
doors is a guide developed to assist volunteers to effec-
tively educate and persuade community decision-makers
to adopt voluntary clean indoor air policies. Restaurant
managers, hospital and health clinic administrators, per-
sonnel managers, store operators, and day care and
school administrators are beginning to recognize that
they have a responsibility to employees and customers
alike to provide clean indoor air. This Guide supplies the
basic information and other tools to recruit, inform, and
motivate volunteers toward community action.

In support of the Surgeon General's call for a smoke-free
society, the ACS has committed its resources to work toward
a Smoke-Free Young America By The Year 2000. The Society
will expand program efforts that are highly appealing in affect-
ing the smoking habits of specific target groups. The following
are target groups:

o vocational-technical high school students;

o health care professionals;

o expectant parents;

o preschool children; and

o early adolescents.

Program materials based on the application of prevention and
cessation techniques, currently believed to have the most I
potential for success, will be available to support increased
program activity.

American Heart Association

The smoking intervention programs of the American Heart
Association (AHA) are designed to prevent young peoplefrom
starting to smoke and to help those smokers who want to quit.
These programs are promoted in three primary delivery sites:
schools, places of work, and heafth care delivery sites. Pro-
gram modules are developed at the AHA National Center and
tested in the field for one or more years to determine their
effectiveness. Modules with a demonstrated benefit are
packaged and delivered to affiliates for implementation.

Education Programs

The AHA focuses primarily on smoking education programs.
Most smoking-related programs for youth are designed to
allow maximum student involvement with minimum teacher or
administrator control. Students work with the teacherto modify
the program to best meet their information needs. Adult
programs are designed to reach the populations who are at
risk through authority figures, such as physicians or
employers. The following programs have been developed for
specific target audiences.

Heart Heatth Education Of The Young is a complete
program curriculum that can be incorporated into existing
health education classes. In-service workshops are held
to train teachers in the use of the curriculum and to
discuss incorporation of the curriculum into class plans.
In a series of go-minute presentations, students are intro-
duced to the heart and circulatory system, the value of
exercise and good nutrition, and risk factors, especially
the hazards of smoking. The program package includes
coloring books, posters, hands-on experiments and in-
struments, tapes, filmstrips, videos, games, graphs, and
Heart Healthy comic books.

Let's Talk About Smoking is a module designed to reach
children at the critical point (grades 4 through 6) when
many are beginning to experiment with cigarettes. The
intervention is designed to teach young people skills to
resist the pressure placed on them by their peers to
experiment with cigarettes. The effectiveness of the
module was confirmed in a l-year study of students in
grade 7. The core of the module is an 11 -minute film
featuring the comments of junior high school students.
Nonsmoking students describe the pressures placed on
them by friends and others, the tactics they used to resist
these pressures, the reasons they have chosen to remain
nonsmokers, and their impressions about smokers, par-
ticularly those who say they can quit at any time. Smokers
candidly discuss how they would like to quit. The film is
used in a 3-day teaching unit in which students engage

150


in open discussions about the pressures to smoke and
ways to counter these influences.

o Save A Sweet Heart is an 11 -week program designed to
associate nonsmokers and nonsmoking behavior with
popular images and to provide a supportive environment
to those smokers who want to quit. This is achieved
through the use of the same marketing, sociological, and
social-psychological tools that cigarette companies
employ to create positive images of smokers and to make
smoking a socially acceptable practice. The program is
conducted by a team of students as an extracurricular
activity around the time of Valentine's Day, which is
observed as a nonsmoking day. Before release, the
module underwent a rigorous 3-year evaluation employ-
ing several thousand students in six Wisconsin senior
high schools. The program features a set of five posters
that mimic cigarette ads, but portray nonsmokers in the
images most popular with teenagars. The posters are
placed in strategic locations throughout the campus and
rotated periodically in the same way that cigarette ads are
rotated on billboards.

o Heart At Work is an intervention program designed for
implementation in the workplace. The program includes
modules on hypertension, nutrition, exercise, signals and
actions for survival, and smoking reduction. The smoking
reduction module consists of two components: a model
policy for restricting smoking in the workplace and a
self-help cessation kit. The model policy provides com-
panies with practical guidance for restricting smoking
among employees. Attractive signs are provided for non-
smokers to use in designating their offices or work sta-
tions as nonsmoking areas. Posters are also included that
associate a smoke-free work environment with job
satisfaction and success.

o Calling It Quits is a self-help smoking cessation kit con-
tained in the module that was adapted from the Quit It
program developed by the National Cancer Institute. This
kii is offered to employees who want to quit smoking.
Supportive posters are provided that present a powerful
message to smokers who are parents of young children.

o Heart Rx was introduced in 1987 after two years of
testing. The program is designed to assist health care
providers give patients the necessary information to
make important health behavior choices. Health care
providers receive information kits for their off ice and staff
as well as several sample information kits for patients.
Patient information is available in Spanish and English
formats, and is provided to patients free of charge. There
is a slight charge for additional provider kits. Asound slide
presentation is available for office use through purchase
or loan.

American Lung Association

Toward the goal of making NO SMOKING the social norm in
this country, the American Lung Association (ALA) and its 139
affiliates Nationwide conduct a comprehensive range of
programs and activities that encourage smokers to quit,

prevent those people who do not smoke from beginning, and
protectthe rightsof nonsmokers. The new Smoke-Free Family
Campaign, the ALA's response to the Surgeon General's
challenge for a smoke-free society by the year 2000, provides
smoking prevention, education, and cessation programs, ac-
tivities, materials, and messages to individuals, their friends,
relatives, and co-workers. The ALA Minoriiy Outreach Initia-
tive strives to reduce lung disease and promote lung heafth in
minority populations. Through networking with minority agen-
cies and developing culturally appropriate material, such as
Freedom From Smoking (R) For You And Your Family, the
ALA is addressing the needs of these special populations.

Cessation Programs

Local ALA affiliates provide a variety of comprehensive smok-
ing cessation programs for use by community organizations,
businesses, or individuals, several of which are discussed
here. The Freedom From Smoking (R) series includes clinics,
manuals, and audiovisual presentations and targets a wide
variety of audiencesthrough itsdifferent formats. Someoffices
offerthe programs in both Spanish and English to better meet
the needs of their constituents. Several of these programs are
described below.

o Freedom From Smoking (R) Self-Help Manuals consist
of two colorful, extensively illustrated guides to the quit-
ting process. Freedom From Smoking (R) In 20 Days, a
basic day-by-day approach to quitting, and A Lifetime Of
Freedom From Smoking (R) reinforce smokers'
commitment to their new, nonsmoking lifestyle.

o Freedom From Smoking (R) Clinics are for smokers who
prefer a group approach; most ALA affiliates offer this
extensive, Nationally developed, 7-week course led by
trained staff or volunteers. Participants receive class in-
struction and audiotape materials on developing quitting
strategies, dealing with recovery symptoms, managing
stress through relaxation and assertiveness techniques,
controlling weight, and avoiding recidivism. Some ALA
affiliates also sponsor followup maintenance groups for
ex-smokers.

o Freedom From Smoking (R) At Work consists of trained
ALA staff who help companies develop a comprehensive
approach to reducing smoking at the workplace. Two
manuals, Taking Executive Action and Creating Your
Company Policy, are available to management and
employees to help them develop effective policies on
smoking. The Freedom From Smoking (R) self-help
clinics and video programs can be adapted to the
workplace, and company personnel can be trained by
ALA staff to lead the clinics. Special posters are available
to help initiate a company-wide campaign on smoking.

. In Control, a Freedom From Smoking (R) video program,
was introduced in the summer of 1985. This is an ap-
proach to quitting smoking that individuals with VCRs can
use at home; ALA affiliates also have special guides on
using the program in group settings at work, physicians'
offices, and other locations. Baseball star Steve Garvey
and a psychologist host a go-minute video program ccn-
sisting of 13 segments to be shown separately. Users
also receive a 136-page viewer's guide and a 20-minute
audiotape with motivational and relaxation messages.

151


The videotape is available in VHS, BETA, or 3/4-inch     Separate modules are available for children in kindergar-
versions.                           ten through grade 4.

9 Freedom From Smoking (R) For You And Your Baby is a
self-help manual for pregnant smokers. Produced in
cooperation with the Harvard Community Health Plan,
this lo-day, full-color manual is packaged with a poster
depicting a series of exercises for pregnant women that
adhere carefully to the guidelines set by the American
College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and
a relaxation and exercise tape to assist women maintain
motivation for quitting smoking.

o Freedom From Smoking (R) For You And Your Family is
a newly introduced self-help manual for the Smoke-Free
Family Campaign. This 64-page, full-color manual
focuses on specific cessation topics, such as coping
strategies, addiction, triggers, and weight gain, rather
than on day-today approaches to quitting smoking.

Education Programs

The ALA actively supports comprehensive health education
in schools as a means of convincing children not to smoke and
to adopt healthy lifestyles. ALA cooperated with the Centers
for Disease Control in the development of the comprehensive
Growing Healthy Program for children in kindergarten through
grade 7. This program is described in detail under the Centers
for Disease Control description in the following section.

ALA affiliates also offer other Nationally and locally developed
smoking education modules and a variety of films, posters,
and written materials for classroom use. Most ALA affiliates
offer the programs described below.

o Biofeedback Smoking Education Project (BIOSEP), of-
fered by many ALA affiliates, is a classroom program for
students in grades 7 through 12 that was originally
developed by the New Hampshire Lung Association.
Students conduct laboratory tests on themselves, using
sophisticated laboratory equipment, including an
Ecolyzer, cardiotachometer, digital thermometer, and
tension steadiness machine, loaned to schools by their
ALA affiliate. Carbon monoxide levels, pulse rates, skin
temperatures and hand tremors are compared in smoking
and nonsmoking students. Smokers are measured
before and after smoking a cigarette in the classroom.
BIOSEP allows students to see firsthand the negative
physiological effects of smoking on fellow students who
may have no outward signs of poor health. This immedi-
ate feedback provides a stimulus for behavior modifica-
tion that long-term health threats may not provide. lt can
also reinforce the behavior of nonsmokers.

o Hugh McCabe: The Coach's Final Lesson is an 18-
minute videotape that documents the last 8 months of a
popular high school football coach's life. The film depicts
the deterioration and death of a lung cancer patient. The
film and accompanying teacher's guide are aimed at
students in junior and senior high schools.

o Lungs Are For Life consists of modules that give lessons
on smoking, air pollution, and lung physiology and include
teachers' guides, spirit masters, posters, and other aids.

9 Marijuana: A Second Look is a highly motivational pro-
gram that uses the cast of the popular television show
Fame to inform children between the ages of 9 to 11 years
and their parents of the dangers of marijuana smoking. A
packaged classroom kit includes a teaching guide for
teachers and youth leaders, a parent's magazine, a Fame
FAN-tastic ,poster and magazine for students, and
posters, buttons, and stickers.

. Octopuff In Kumquat is the ALA's animated feature film
designed to present positive health values to children
between the ages of 4 and 8. Octopuff is a full-color,
g-minute film that tells the story of an imaginary character
named Octopuff who, despite protests from the elders
and the children, introduces smoking to the village of
Kumquat. Solutions to the resulting environmental
problems and Octopuff's subsequent reformation are ef-
fected by the intervention of the village children. A
teacher's guide is available to suggest supplementary
classroom activities.

o Smoking And Pregnancy Program, developed by the
ALA, consists of information kits for pregnant women and
health care providers that discuss the effects of smoking
on the health of a pregnant woman and her baby. For the
pregnant woman, an information kit, available in English
or Spanish, provides a mini-flip chart on how cigarettes
affect her baby and why quitting smoking during pregnan-
cy will reduce these health risks. The kit also provides a
pamphlet that answers common questions about smok-
ing and pregnancy, and I Quit Smoking Because I Love
My Baby stickers and signs. For the health care provider,
an information kit (available in English) provides a coun-
seling handbook, a flip chart for use in counseling
patients, two full-color posters, and Because You Love
Your Baby tent cards.

o Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer is designed for stu-
dents in grades 5 and 6. Health effects of smoking, the
social and behavioral motivations related to smoking, the
skills for identifying and resisting peer pressure, and the
effects of cigarette advertising are addressed. A 1 -hour,
5day curriculum is offered, and packets containing puz-
zles, posters, and parent information are distributed to
children. In-services and resource folders for classroom
activities are provided by the ALA.

. Students Teach Students is a peer counseling program.
High school students are trained as counselors to en-
courage elementary students not to smoke. The high
school students serve as role models for students in
grades 5 and 6 and present information and activities
concerning the hazards of smoking. This program can be
incorporated into the Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer
program on the third day of the 5-day curriculum.

Two films are also available at many ALA offices: Death In
The West and Feminine Mistake. These films offer students
information regarding the health consequences of smoking,
the societal pressures to smoke, and alternatives to smoking.

152


Protecting the Rights of Nonsmokers

The ALA and its affiliates also conduct public education cam-
paigns by distributing written materials such as the ALA leaflet,
Second-Hand Smoke: The Facts, disseminating public ser-
vice announcements, organizing media appearances, and
performing legislative and other public policy activities. These
efforts are designed to increase public awareness of the
hazards of involuntary or secondhand smoking and protect the
right of nonsmokers to breathe smoke-free air. ALA affiliates
are able to help companies develop and implement effective
policies on smoking. Many ALA affiliates have also been
instrumental in the development and enactment of State and
local legislation to restrict smoking in public places.

Tri-Agency Efforts

The Nationalofficesofthe ALA, the ACS, andthe AHAcreated
the Coalition on Smoking OR Health, a public policy project
that promotes legislative and regulatory action on smoking.
The Coalition tries to maximize effective collaboration at the
State and local levels through voluntary and legislative ac-
tions, public education activities, and public relations cam-
paigns. The Coalition also focuses on National aspects of
Federal legislation and lobbying efforts. The Coalition and its
sponsoring organizations were instrumental in obtaining the
passage and enactment of new Federal warning labels on
cigarette packages and advertising. Units have been estab-
lished in many States to focus on local legislative efforts,
gathering their information from the Coalition and from the
clearinghouse described below.

The three agencies also established the Tobacco-Free
America Project. This project publishes the Tobacco-Free
Young Reporter, a quarterly publication with a circulation of
42,000, and acts as a clearinghouse for tobacco-related legis-
lative information. The clearinghouse provides information
and educational materials to State and local coalitions estab-
lished to support local legislative efforts and the project. When
there is a need for field response, each agency contacts its
constituents at the State and local level.

The project has identified the children entering first grade in
September 1988 as the Smoke-Free Class of the Year 2000.
The children will be offered educational programs every year
while they are in school. The project also coordinates the
Athletes Against Tobacco program, which was established in
December 1986 as a speaker's bureau for professional and
amateur athletes to serve as spokespersons for local coalition
offices and other voluntary groups and as role models for
children. The athletes are available to speak to groups and
visit schools; visits are scheduled through the clearinghouse.

A new initiative, Tobacco Free Schools, is a high priority
activity for the tri-agency group. They supported a National
survey of nonsmoking policies in schools conducted by the
National School Boards Association. Published in June 1987,
No Smoking-A Board Member's Guide to Nonsmoking
Policies for the Schools is the result of this survey.

General Conference of Seventh-Day
Adventists

In 1959, a Seventh-Day Adventist physician and a minister
joined efforts to present a program on the harmful effects of
smoking. The resutt was the Five-Day Plan To Stop Smoking,
a plan that has been conducted around the world and has
helped several million people to stop smoking.

The Breathe-Free Plan to Stop Smoking: The Revised
Five-Day Plan
In 1985, the Five-Day Plan was revised and renamed the
Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking. It consists of eight
2-hour sessions designed to help a smoker break the tobacco
habit. This plan emphasizes lifestyle modification strategies,
such as encouraging smokers to clarify their values, visualiz-
ing new behavior, role playing and modeling, and decision
making to develop a positive self-image as a nonsmoker.

Among the practical techniques advocated during the first few
days to lessen withdrawal symptoms are frequent warm baths,
increased fluid intake, regular eating and sleeping habits,
extra exercise (particularly after meals), and the avoidance of
sedatives and stimulants, such as alcohol, caffeine, spicy
foods, and foods high in saturated fats.

Films promoting a positive self-image and group-support ses-
sions have successfully helped participants to stop smoking.
Handout materials encourage participants to be personally
involved in their lifestyle change. Because of the interrelation-
ships of body, mind, and spirit, the program takes a holistic
approach in assisting the individual to use all of his or her
resources to make this major behavioral change successfully.

Programs are conducted in hospitals, churches, and
worksites. More information is available by calling, toll-free,
(800)253-3000, (800)253-7077, or (800)247-5627, or by
contacting the following organizations.

North American Division
Health and Temperance Department
  of the General Conference of
Seventh-Day Adventists
6840 Eastern Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20012
(202)722-6719

Health System Regional Offices
Adventist Health System/United States
2221 East Lamar Boulevard
Arlington, Texas 76006-7411
(817)649-8700

Adventist Health System/North, East,
  and Middle America
8800 West 75th Street
Shawnee Mission, Kansas 66204
(913)677-8000

Adventist Health Systemfloma Linda
Loma Linda University Medical Center
Post Office Box 2000
Loma Linda, California 92350
(714)824-4302

153


Adventist Health System/Sunbelt
2400 Bedford Road
Orlando, Florida 32803
(305)897-l 919

Adventist Health System/West
2100 Douglas Boulevard
Post Off ice Box 619002
Roseville, California 95678-3898
(916)781-2000

Church Regional Offices
Pedro Geli, Jr., Director
Health and Temperance Department
Atlantic Union Conference
Post Office Box 1189
South Lancaster, Massachusetts 01561
(617)368-8333

E. Rick Bacchus, Director
Health and Temperance Department
Canadian Union Conference
1148 King Street, East
Oshawa, Ontario Ll H 1 H8 Canada
(416)433-0011

Ron Stretter, Director
Health and Temperance Department
Columbia Union Conference
5427 Twin Knolls Road
Columbia, Maryland 21045
(301)997-2414

William Jones, Director
Health and Temperance Department
Lake Union Conference
Post Office Box C
Berrien Springs, Michigan 49103
(616)473-4541

George W. Timpson, Director
Health and Temperance Department
Mid-America Union Conference
Post Office Box 6127
Lincoln, Nebraska 68506
(402)483-4451

Wayne Shepperd, Director
Heafth and Temperance Department
North Pacific Union Conference
Post Office Box 16677
Portland, Oregon 97216
(503)255-7300

Elbert Anderson, Consultant
Church Ministries
Pacific Union Conference
Post Office Box 5005
Westlake Village, California 91361
(805)497-9457

Ralph P. Peay, Director
Health and Temperance Department
Southern Union Conference
Post Office Box 849
Decatur, Georgia 30031
(404)299-l 832

Fred Murray, Director
Health and Temperance Department
Southwestern Union Conference
Post Cffice Box 4000
Burleson, Texas 76028
(817)295-0476

American Public Health Association

In 1985, the American Public Health Association (APHA)
initiated a major campaign to help achieve the Surgeon
General's goal of a smoke-free society by the year 2000. This
campaign, the Anti-Tobacco Initiative, coordinates a variety of
activities geared toward ending the promotion of tobacco
products to the public. The APHA, its 49 State affiliates, and
23 professional sections contribute to the development of
these activities.

The association formed a number of coalitions and working
groups that concentrate on a variety of topics: smoking on
airlines, cigarette excisetaxes, smoking and minorities, adver-
tisements in women's magazines, and women and smoking.
The coalitions focus primarily on planning legislative
strategies with a secondary focus on developing interventions
for smoking and health.

To increase the legislative lobbying strength available for
tobacco-related issues, the Anti-Tobacco Initiative works
through the association's Government Relations Department.
The APHA has been involved in several court cases regarding
suits against tobacco companies. The Anti-Tobacco Initiative
works extensively with affiliates in States that have limited
tobacco laws and activities, developing guidelines, incentives,
and models for their use.

FEDERAL PROGRAMS

Cigarette smoking has been cited as the single most important
preventable cause of premature mortality in the United States.
The evidence that cigarette smoking is the primary avoidable
cause of death in our society is supported by extensive
research.

In addition to the Federal legislative effortsdescribed in Chap-
ter IV, many Federal agencies have developed programs with
a National impact. These include research, demonstration,
prevention, and cessation programs that focus on the health
of the American population.

154


In accordance with the General Services Administration
regulations on smoking in Federallyowned or- operated build-
ings, smoking policies have been developed by Federal
departments, agencies and offices. Often, these policies
include provisions of smoking cessation programs for
employees. Although many Federal offices indicated im-
plementation of such programs, forthe purposes of this report,
only programs with a National focus or impact have been
described in detail.

U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services

The Department of Heatth and Human Services (DHHS) is the
Federal department responsible for the health and welfare of
the Nation. Through the Public Health Service, the DHHS
promotes health education, disease prevention, and research
projects. The DHHS has spearheaded Federal efforts in the
area of smoking and health. For each fiscal year, the various
agencies and offices within the DHHS report their expendi-
tures on smoking and health (and 14 other prevention priority
areas) to the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promo-
tion. Activities and expenditures related to smoking and heafth
in fiscal years 1965 and 1986 are listed in Table 1, (See Table
1.) The following is a more detailed description of the many
DHHS activities in the area of smoking and health by agency
or Off ice.

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health
Administration

The Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
(ADAMHA) oversees the efforts of the National Institute for
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), the National Institute
on Drug Abuse (NIDA), and the National Institute for Mental
Health (NIMH). Programs conducted by NIMH, as reported in
the last biennial report, have been transferred to NIDA and
NIAAA. NIAAA's Office for Substance Abuse Prevention is
currently implementing all NIAAA smoking-related programs.

Offlce for Substance Abuse Prevention (ADAMHA)
The Office for Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP) has
developed materials and messages designed to reach preg-
nant and nursing women, youth, and those who may influence
their behavior, as well as health care providers, educators, and
parents. The messages are broad, counseling viewers and
readers on the dangers associated with alcohol, tobacco, and
Other drug use; they urge abstinence from these substances
among pregnant and nursing women, all youth, and in-
dividuals recovering from dependence on any of these sub-
stances. The programs that focus on these populations are
described below.

o The OSAP is supporting a major campaign aimed at
8dUcating women and their families (with special em-
phasis on low-income women) about the dangers as-
sociated with using tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and other
illicit drugs during pregnancy. The number of babies born

to mothers who have used cocaine is rising, and thecosts
associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Al-
cohol Effects are staggering. Many women who are de-
pendent on alcohol are also dependent on tobacco, which
increases the risk of low birthweight and related
problems, including irreversible mental retardation. Near-
ly 40,000 babies are born each year with one or more
alcohol-related birth d8fectS.

The Campaign To Promote Awareness of Alcohol-Re-
lated Birth Defects is being conducted in conjunction with
the National Council on Alcoholism and other major
voluntary organizations. Materials recently released in-
clude a NIDA Capsule on Cocaine Babies and an English
and Spanish version of Taking Care of Your Baby Before
Birth: A Message for Pregnant Women. The latter
material is currently being distributed to low-income
women through the WIC program of the U.S. Department
of Agriculture and the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol
and Drug Information. Each publication stresses three
lifestyle messages: the importance of eating a nutritious
and balanced diet, avoiding drugs and medications, and
avoiding cigarette smoking. M8sSages to help health care
providers pass along this information to their patients has
also been developed. Distribution is coordinated with the
Substance Abuse Subcommittee of the Healthy Mothers,
Healthy Babies National Coalition.

o In 1987, the OSAP launched a prevention campaign, Be
Smart! Don't Start! -Just Say No!, aimed at 8-to 12-year
olds and those who influence their behavior. The cam-
paign focused on the non-use of alcohol as the primary
behavior component. It also included specific messages
about tobacco products and marijuana, because th8Se
areseenasgatewaydrugs, particularlyforthisage range.

The materials include a music video; television and radio
public service announcements; a volunteer newsletter
that provides t8ChnirXf assistance for implementing the
campaign in communities and schools; print materials for
students, teachers. and parents; bumperstickers; discus-
sion guides; and many more supportive materials. During
this year, the OSAP is adding materials with more focus
on tobacco products and other drugs. The OSAP will then
follow this population of youth and in 1990 plans to launch
a Stay Smart! Don't Start! campaign aimed at 1 l-to
14-year olds. This campaign has been awarded the Ac-
tion for Children's Television Public Service Award and
several Markie Awards for excellence.

. The OSAP has launched an extensive outreach effort
aimed at parents to help them empower their children to
say no to harmful substances, including tobacco, alcohol,
and other illegal drugs. 4 series entitled, Ten Steps to
Help Your Child Say No, includes a parent's guide, a
leader's guide, and a reminder list that can be posted on
walls, refrigerators, or bulletin boards within the home or
school. The lifestyle messages are designed to help
parents assist their children in developing social and
other developmentally appropriate skills to refuse nega-
tive peer pressure and get involved with positive peer
pressure activities and programs. In addition, the OSAP
is launching a major training program for parents that will
more intensively help parents. The parents will be trained
to build the necessary skills to help their children better

155


Table 1

Expenditures on smoklng-and-health actlvltles reported by agencies within
the Department of Health and Human Services, Fiscal Years 1985 and 1986.

Agency

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and
Mental Health Admlnlstratlon

National Institute on Drug Abuse

Office of the Administrator

Centers for Disease Control ;Iy

Center for Health Promotion
and Education It

Other Program Offices

Natlonal institutes of Health

Division of Research Resources

Activity

Attitude and behavior changes in smoking cessation

Smoking cessation involving the media and social support

Clean indoor air laws and male/female smoking differences

Preventive drug abuse relapse: smoking as a prototype

Family influence on adolescent smoking

A smoking intervention program for school children

Social learning analysis of smoking cessation clinic

Adolescent chewing tobacco use and smoking cessation

Comprehensive smoking prevention

Factors inhibiting drug use: teacher and peer effects

Adolescent drug abuse: a social-cognitive approach
Licit and illicit abused drugs/behavioral interaction

Prevention of multi-substance abuse in youth

Analysis of cigarette and coffee us8 interactions

The role of father/mother/sibling in adolescent drug US8

New smoking control projects

  Expenditures
(dollars in thousands)
  1985   1986
   --

33

21

56

212

287

157

166

269

486

104

67

81

361

39

14

-

Alcohol, and Drug Abuse and Mental Health Services Block Grant    o

34

22

58

220

299

163

172

280

505

109

70

84

374

41

15

350

o

Behavioral risk factor surveillance

Smoking-risk reduction

Smoking and pregnancy

Smoking and Health Services Block Grant

68    75

135   300

177   380

o      o

Smoking and heafth research                         622   623

156


Exoenditures

Agencv

National Cancer Institute

National Heart, Lung
and Blood Institute

National Institute on Aging

National Institute of Child
Heafth and Human Development

National Center for Nursing Research

Offfce of tha Assistant
Secretary for Heafth

National Center for
Health Statistics *

Activity

Smoking education and information

Identification of harmful constituents in tobacco smoke

Epidemiology to assess smoking risks

(dol$&; t ho;;;;ds)
  --

12,389 20,843

3,786 3,786

4,956 3,422

Smoking cessation                             993    989

Smoking prevention/wellness promotion ,                 665    662

Smoking and heart health                     1,244 1,239

National smoking education program                    473    470

Smoking and the elderly                           480    534

Behavioral pediatrics                              491    742

Fetal pathology                                538    160

High-risk pregnancy                            176    168

Infant nutrition                                  37    191

Smoking control                                        -    235

1983 National Health Interview Survey-Alcohol
and Health Practices Questionnaire

I.

1985 National Health Interview Survey-Health Practices/
Disease Prevention Questionnaire

1987 and 1988 National Health Interview Survey

o ?

Off ic8 of Disease Prevention
and Health Promotion

Office on Smoking and Health t

1988 National Health and Nutrition Examination
SUlV8y (NHANES) Ill                                     o ?

Dissemination of Decision Maker's Guide
to Reducing Smoking at the Workpkce                    8

Development of a national information and education program    1,000

Technical information services

950

Development of the Surgeon General's report on the
health consequences of smoking

245

Biennial report to Congress Smoking and Health:
A National Status Report

-

Epidemiology

300

Pregnancy and infant health initiative

-

o ?

o ?

??

o ?

  5

1,000

950

272

260

75

300

157


Source: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Prevention `86/`87: Federal Programs and Progress. U.S.
Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C., 1987.

o All block grant funding is not displayed here because some funded activities are not prevention, and others are impossible
to identify as prevention because detailed reporting is not required. How funds are actually spent is not known unless they
are targeted set-asides.

o * Multi-purpose survey; dollar amount directly attributable to smoking and health cannot be determined.

& The National Center for Health Statistics was transferred administratively from the Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Health to the Centers for Disease Control in 1987.

# The Office on Smoking and Health was transferred administratively from the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health to
the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in September 1986. It is now a division in the Center for Health Promotion and
Education, CDC. (The Center for Health Promotion and Education is now called the Center for Chronic Disease Prevention
and Health Promotion (CCDPHP), CDC.)

defend themselves against societal, environmental, and
personal pressures to use tobacco, alcohol, or other
drugs.

o The OSAP has awarded grants to 131 programs across
the country to help prevent alcohol and other drug
problems among high-risk youth. High-risk youth are
often at risk for problems with many substances, such as
cigarettes, chewing tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs,
including solvents, stimulants, barbituates, and narcotics.
A is expected that these demonstration programs will
yield valuable information that will help communities
prevent these problems and intervene with those who
have developed problems with these substances.
Materials will be developed as a result of these programs.
In addition, the OSAP is currently reviewing and assess-
ing existing materials that have prevention and interven-
tion messages for reaching high-risk youth. Resource
lists will be developed along with innovative strategies for
reaching this underserved population. These efforts are
being coordinated with many of the Federal agencies
working with high-risk youth. Experts and researchers are
also sharing their knowledge so that the OSAP staff and
others are especially sensitive and responsive to the
needs of high-risk families and communities.

o The OSAP is working with the American Medical Associa-
tion, the American Academy of Pediatricians, the
American Academy of Family Physicians, ACOG, HRSA,
IHS, NIDA, and others to develop messages and
materials for primary care providers about alcohol, tobac-
co, and other drug problems, especially among adoles-
cents. Resource materials have been identified. The cur-
rent focus is on effective communication strategies for
delivering pertinent drug and alcohol information to the
primary care physicians.

o Finally, the OSAP publishes a bimonthly newsletter,
Prevention Pipeline: An Alcohol and Drug Awareness
Service, to ensure a flow of information about alcohol and
drug prevention efforts among Federal, State, voluntary,
professional, and community organizations. Research

158

findings on smoking and its relation to alcohol and other
drug use are published in the newsletter in abstract form.
New materials that focus on refusal skills, lifestyle
change, motivation, and related aspectsof prevention are
also listed. In addition, the newsletter carries notices of
important prevention and intervention meetings and con-
ferences, most of which include smoking prevention as a
topic.

Natlonal lnstltute on Drug Abuse (ADAMHA)
In the mid-1970s the National Institute on Drug Abuse was
assigned a leadership role by the DHHS in the investigation
of the behavioral aspects of tobacco use, particularly addiction
to and dependence upon cigarette smoking. The results of
NIDA-sponsored research have been reported in a series of
research monographs including Number 17, Research on
Smoking Behavior, and Number 23, Cigarette Smoking as a
Dependence Process. The 1979 Surgeon General's Report
on Smoking and Health contained the entire NIDA research
monograph Number 26, The Behavioral Aspects of Smoking,
which provided a summary of biological, behavioral, and
psychosocial research on cigarette smoking behavior. Results
of NIDA research on nicotine dependence have also been
described in the second Triennial Report to Congress on Drug
Abuse and Drug Abuse Research (1987) and in the Surgeon
General's Report on Nicotine Addiction (1988).

Since this time, NIDA has maintained a leadership role
through the administration of a well-balanced research pro-
gram. Most recently, NIDA published a compilation of
research resufts and guidelines in Monograph Number 48,
Measurement in the Analysis and Treatment of Smoking
Behavior, which addresses some of the basic and applied
research questions related to smoking and tobacco use. This
publication is the result of NIDA-sponsored research activities
that examine the fundamental problems concerning survey
methodology, measurement, and topography of cigarette
smoking behavior. Monograph Number 63, Prevention Re-
search: Deterring Drug Abuse Among Children and Adoles-
cents, reviews research results from a number of
psychosocial-based studies in preventive intervention aimed


at deterring the onset of cigarette smoking among children and
adolescents.

Currently, NIDA's Tobacco Science Program characterizes
cigarette smoking and tobacco use as an addictive disorder.
The program views self-administration of nicotine as a
prototypical model of drug abuse behavior, and considers
tobacco a gateway drug that can lead to the use of other drugs.

Significant NIDA studies focus on the role of nicotine in
establishing and maintaining smoking behavior, the effects of
nicotine on withdrawal symptoms, the development of
biochemical markers to increase validity of self-report in sur-
vey research, the development of more effective techniques
for modifying or preventing smoking behavior, assessment of
the biological generality of nicotine's reinforcing actions, iden-
tification of brain nicotine receptors, continued assessment of
the loss and gain of tolerance to nicotine, and better
delineations of neurohormonal mechanisms of nicotine action.

NIDA's pioneering efforts in the area of smoking cessation
include studies that examined the effects of learning-based
interventions, aversion conditioning, and maintenance proce-
dures, which include contractual management and structured
group support. Current efforts that show promise include an
examination of the determinants of relapse and strategies for
successful self-control and disease model programs. Results
of such efforts may open new and exciting approaches to the
understanding, prevention, and treatment of smoking be-
haviors. The resutts have broad implications for prevention
and treatment of other addictive behaviors.

In the areaof prevention, NIDAsupported research to identify
effective means of preventing smoking and tobacco use
among children and youth. Research results from several
school-based prevention programs indicate that interventions
based on social learning and developmental theories may be
effective in training children to resist pressures to smoke.

In recent years, research has shown that the development of
various habitual behaviors is similar. NIDA-supported re-
searchers have examined promising approaches to smoking
prevention and applied them to the prevention of alcohol and
other drug abuse. Among these approaches are social skills
interventions that have significantly reduced alcohol and
marijuana use among junior high school students. These
efforts have received considerable benefits from the ex-
perience of NIDA researchers in basic research, prevention,
and intervention efforts with other drugs.

Centers For Disease Control

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC), within the Public
Health Service (PHS), is the Federal Agency charged with
protecting the public health of the Nation by providing
leadership and direction in the prevention and control of
diseases and other preventable conditions and responding to
public health emergencies. Within the CDC, efforts to prevent
the use of tobacco and to evaluate the effects of tobacco use
are concentrated in the Center for Chronic Disease Prevention
and Health Promotion (CCDPHP), the Center for
Environmental Health and Injury Control (CEHIC), and the

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH). The CDC actively supports epidemiologic research
and interventions in which smoking is considered a major risk
factor affecting health.

Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promo-
tlon (CDC)
The Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion (CCDPHP) of the CDC (See # in Table 1.) has
developed and is implementing two smoking education
programs in schools throughout the United States. "Growing
Healthy" is aimed at students in preschool through grade 7.
"Teenage Health Teaching Modules" focus on teenage
students. Both programs are described in detail below.

o "Growing Healthy" is a combination of the Primary Grades
Health Curriculum Project (PGHCP), developed by the
CCDPHP and the American Lung Association (ALA), and
the School Health Curriculum Project (SHCP), developed
in 1969 by the National Clearinghouse for Smoking and
Health (now the Office on Smoking and Health). The
subject of smoking and health is integrated into a cur-
riculum for teaching good health practices through an
understanding of and appreciation for body systems and
functions and through the development of a positive
self-image.

The curriculum consists of separate units of study for
students in kindergarten through grade 7. For children in
kindergarten through grade 3, complete sets of print and
audiovisual materials accompany each of the four cur-
riculum units. Publications, films, filmstrips, tapes,
models, pupil-prepared games, and other materials are
available. Formal teacher training workshops are avail-
able nationwide, and training can be scheduled if several
schools in one city or county are interested in
implementing the program.

For students in grades 4 through 7, the curriculum con-
sists of separate units of study, each organized around a
particular body system. Each unit can be taught in an 8-
to lo-week period. The four units, Our Digestion, Our
Nutrition, Our Health, About Our Lungs and Our Health,
Our Health and Our Hearts, and Living Well with Our
Nervous System, focus respectively on the digestive,
respiratory, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Exten-
sive print and audiovisual materials have been designed
to complement the curriculum, such as publications,
films, filmstrips, tapes, models, pupil-prepared games,
and other activity materials.

o The "Teenage Health Teaching Modules" (THTM) is a
comprehensive healtheducationcurriculumforjuniorand
senior high school students. lt is designed to provide
adolescents with the knowledge, skills, and under-
standing to act for themselves and others in ways that are
health-enhancing with respect to their immediate health
needs and the long-term consequences of behaviors that
they may try or establish during the adolescent years.
THTM is being used in at least one school in every State.

The CDC developed the program through a contract with
the Education Development Center (EDC). In an effort to
combine the principles of adolescent developmental

159


theory with behaviors thought to be health-promoting,
THTM developed the concept of health tasks: the physi-
cal, mental, emotional, and social tasks that adolescents
need todeveloptotheirfull health potential. This program
helps students to developskills relevant to smoking, such
as decision-making, and evaluating and interpreting in-
formation. One of the modules addresses "Protecting
Oneself and Others: Smoking, Drinking and Drugs."
Another module addresses smokeless tobacco. Results
from a rigorous evaluation of the efficacy of THTM will be
released in January 1989.

Descriptive information, price lists, and copies of the
modules are available from EDC. The CDC also provides
information and single copies for purposes of further
project development and distribution, and will grant rights
to reprint the modules under a Government-held license.
Requests for such rights should be in writing to the
Division of Adolescent and School Health, CCDPHP.
Teacher training is recommended as an adjunct to use of
the modules in schools; professional services for show-
casing, technical assistance, and teacher training are
now available. An evaluation package to assist THTM
users in assessing program and outcome effects is being
developed and field-tested.

The CDC has also developed programs to monitor the
prevalence of nutrition-related problems and behavioral risk
factors among high-risk populations. Components of these
State-based programs that relate to smoking are described
below.

o The CCDPHP is involved in surveillance of smoking
behavior through the Behavioral Risk Factor'Surveillance
System. Under this system, 39 States and the District of
Columbia conduct ongoing assessments of the
prevalence of key behavioral risk factors that contribute
directly to the 10 leading causes of mortality and mor-
bidity. Factors related to smoking, alcohol consumption,
exercise, weight, and seatbett use are surveyed routinely.
Behavioral epidemiological research activities at the CDC
include the study of smoking behavior and its deter-
minants. The September 1987 Morbidify and Moriality
Week/y Repoti supplement included all major research
reports on the psychosocial determinants of smoking
among adolescents.

o The Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System (PNSS) is
designed to monitor the prevalence of nutrition-related
problems and behavioral risk factors among high-risk
pre-natal populations. Under this system, 12 States and
the District of Columbia collect data from prenatal clinics
and from nutrition and food assistance programs for
pregnant women, such as the Special Supplemental
Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).
Nutrition risks such as pregravid underweight, inade-
quate weight gains and anemia, as well as behavioral risk
factors, such as smoking and alcohol use by pregnant
women, are related to low birthweight and infant or fetal
death. By quantifying preventable nutrition and be-
havioral risk factors among low-income pregnant women,
intervention efforts can be focused on women at high risk

for adverse pregnancy outcomes. These data can yield
trends to permit evaluation of intervention efforts.

o The CDC, through State health agencies, is working with
communities to prioritize and address leading behavioral
risks through risk-reduction interventions. Using be-
havioral risk factor surveillance data and other informa-
tion, 75 percent of all Planned Approach to Community
Health (PATCH) intervention programs have identified
smoking as a priority target for risk reduction. In addition,
the CDC is providing State smoking risk reduction coor-
dinators to State health departments to increase resour-
ces for smoking prevention. The first two coordinators
under this initiative are located in Maryland and Missouri.

The CDC has also developed programs to support the efforts
of State and local health departments, national voluntary
organizations' local chapters, health maintenance organiza-
tions, and other organizations that are interested in promoting
the use of smoking prevention or cessation interventions for
women and in particular, pregnant women.

o The CCDPHP has developed a series of problem- and
population-specific community intervention guides to as-
sist local health departments apply community interven-
tion strategies. The first such guide, entitled "Smoking
Control Among Women," presents practical guidelines for
systematically developing prevention and cessation
programs for women in the workplace, in schools, through
private and public health care providers, and through
other community institutions.

9 In 1986, the CCDPHP established cooperative agree-
ments with the States of Colorado, Missouri, and
Maryland in 1986 to implement the Smoking Cessation in
Pregnancy (SCIP) project. The primary outcome being
tested is the ability of public prenatal clinic and WIC staff
to help women quit smoking and remain abstinent during
their pregnancies. The project is also studying the
relationship between smoking and low birthweight for this
high-risk population. The project is fully implemented in
Colorado and Missouri. As of September 1988, over
1,000 pregnant smokers had enrolled in the study in
Colorado and over 300 had enrolled in Missouri. Field
testing began in October 1988 in Maryland to be followed
by enrollment starting in December. Once these
programs are fully operational, other States will receive
CDC assistance in incorporating these methods into their
existing prenatal clinical and WIC services.

o In collaboration with the University of Alabama-Birming-
ham, the March of Dimes, and the ALA, the CCDPHP has
developed the "Handbook to Plan, Implement, and
Evaluate Smoking Cessation Programs for Pregnant
Women." Approximately 5,000 copies of this handbook
will be distributed to maternal and child health program
managers in the public and private sectors. The intent of
the handbook is to transfer the intervention technologies
developed as a result of university trials and the Smoking

160


Cessation in Pregnancy project to cessation/main-
tenance assistance activities throughout the country.

Offlce on Smoklng and Health (CDC)
The Office on Smoking and Health (OSH) a division of the
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion,
is the focal point for all Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS) activities related to smoking and health.
Following the release of the 1964 Report of the Advisory
Committee to the Surgeon General, the Public Health Service
established a National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health
as part of its Chronic Disease Control Program. Later, the
Clearinghouse was transferred to the Centers for Disease
Control. In March 1978, the Clearinghouse was relocated from
Atlanta, Georgia, to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Health in Washington, D.C.. to form the nucleus of the OSH.
In September 1986, in an attempt to strengthen the OSH's
Research-Epidemiology capacity, the OSH was administra-
tively transferred to the Center for Health Promotion and
Education, now the Center for Chronic Disease Prevention
and Health Promotion, of the Centers for Disease Control. The
OSH remains geographically located in the Washington, D.C.
area.

The OSH coordinates the DHHS smoking education, preven-
tion, and research efforts both Nationally and internationally,
and stimulates smoking and health intervention programs and
activities at the State and local level. Another major respon-
sibility of the OSH is preparing and disseminating the
Department's annual report on the health consequences of
smoking. Since 1980, these reports have described the
following subject areas in depth on the Health Consequences
of Smoking for:

o 1980, Women;

o 1981, The Changing Cigarette;

o 1982, Cancer;

. 1983, Cardiovascular Disease;

o 1984, Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease;

o 1985, Cancer and Chronic Lung Disease in the
Workplace;

o 1986, involuntary Smoking; and

o 1988, Nicotine Addiction.

The 1986 Involuntary Smoking report examined the evidence
that even the lower exposure to smoke received by the non-
smoker carries a health risk. This report is a critical review of
all the available scientific evidence pertaining to the health
effects of environmental tobacco smoke on nonsmokers. The
report concluded that involuntary smoking is a cause of dis-
ease, including lung cancer, in healthy nonsmokers and that
the children of parents who smoke, compared with the children
of nonsmoking parents, have an increased frequency of
respiratory infections, increased respiratory symptoms, and
slightly smaller rates of increase in lung function as the lung
matures. Moreover, the simple separation of smokers and
nonsmokers within the same air space may reduce, but does

not eliminate, the exposure of nonsmokers to environmental
tobacco smoke.

The 1988 Nicotine Addiction report examined in detail the
specific topic of nicotine addiction. Careful examination of the
data revealed that cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are
addictive. Extensive research has shown that nicotine is the
drug in tobacco that causes addiction. In addition, the proces-
ses that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that
determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine.

Scientific and Technical Information

The OSH collects apd analyzes scientific information to estab-
lish and evaluate Federal policies on smoking. The OSH
maintains the Technical Information Center (TIC) on Smoking
and Health, a repository for published information on tobacco,
smoking, and health. The TIC has acquired nearly 60,000
publications and possesses the computer and microfilm tech-
nologies to provide special searches, references, and
abstracts. Hard copies of materials are given to researchers
on request. The TIC responds to approximately 5,000 techni-
cal inquiries from researchers each year. The TIC publishes
a series of technical publications, including the bimonthly
Bulletin on Smoking and Health (abstracts of published litera-
ture on smoking, tobacco, and health); and an annual Bibliog-
raphy on Smoking and Health. The OSH bibliographic data
collection is now available for direct, on-line access through
Dialog Information Services, Inc.

Epidemiology

Shortly after its transfer to the CDC, the OSH established an
Epidemiology Branch to conduct new scientific studies and
surveys, analyze existing data sources, and provide technical
and scientific assistance to researchers, health departments,
and other health professionals interested in specialized data
collection or analysis. The first task of the Epidemiology
Branch was to conduct detailed trend analyses of smoking-
related variables from data collected in the National Health
Interview Surveys of the National Center for Health Statistics.
In-depth analysis has also been conducted in the 1986 Adult
Use of Tobacco Survey (some of the data from this survey are
included in this report). The Branch also began identifying all
National data banks that included questions on smoking.
Where feasible, copies of the data banks are obtained and
included in the repository of smoking surveys maintained by
the Branch. A National survey of teenage smoking behavior
is planned for implementation in 1989.

Public Information

The OSH conducts public information and education
programs to advise the public about the adverse health con-
sequences associated with smoking and other forms of
tobacco use. These programs are carried out through the
development and distribution of publicservice advertising and
print material, with the assistance of an advertising agency
under contract with the OSH.

The OSH has two concurrent public service advertising cam-
paigns: one addressed to the adult smoker and the other to
teenagers. The teen campaign, which has been co-sponsored
by other health agencies, has included a series of award-
winning music-video television announcements, including
Peer Group, Cigarette Mash, Smoking Kisses, and Smoking's
out.

161


In addition to the programs cited above, the OSH distributes
printed public service announcements to high school and
college newspapers on a biennial basis. As these newspaper
ads are seen by the majority of students, they represent an
effective vehicle todiscourage smoking among young people.

In 1985, at the request of the Secretary of Health and Human
Services, the OSH began an initiative related to the risk of
smoking during pregnancy. This program reached out to preg-
nant girls and women and to the Nation's providers of prenatal
care with the message, "If you're pregnant and still smoking,
remember: now, you're smoking for two. And that's two good
reasons to quit."

In 1987, a new initiative was launched, which repeated the
1985 theme and introduced a new, accompanying theme,
"There's a baby in the house, please don't smoke." The new
campaign introduced television and radio public service an-
nouncements, consumer and professional materials, posters,
and a sticker for parents. It is based on the finding of the 1986
Surgeon Gen8ral'S Report on the Health Consequences of
involuntary Smoking that children of parents who smoke have
a higher frequency of respiratory infections.

In addition to the programs listed above, the OSH public
information branch answers approximately 40,000 public in-
quiries annually through its clearinghouse.

Wo&site Smoking Cooperative Agreement
The OSH participates in a cooperative agreement with the
Rhode Island Department of Health and the CDC's Center for
Environmental Health and Injury Control (CEH IC), to study the
effects of biological monitoring on the outcome of worksite
smoking policies and cessation programs. This study began
in December 1987 and will continue for 3 years.

CDC Tobacco Working Group

To coordinate tobacco-related research at CDC, the OSH
established a CDC Tobacco Working Group. The Working
Group meets bimonthly to share epidemiological findings and
exchange information. It is attended regularly by investigators
and staff from the Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and
Health Promotion, and from the Center for Environmental
Health, the Center for Prevention Services, the Epidemiology
Program Office, the National Institute for Occupational Safety
and Health, and the Office of Program Planning and Evalua-
tion. The OSH has prepared a compendium of Summaries of
CDC Projects and Activities Related to the Use of Tobacco,
which is available upon request.

National Advisory Committee

The OSH is responsible for staffing the Interagency Commit-
tee on Smoking and Health. Mandated by the Comprehensive
Smoking Education Act of 1984, this Committee advises the
Secretary of DHHS on smoking and health issues. The Com-
mittee, comprised of 25 members who represent various
Federal and non-federal agencies, beCam fully Operational
in 1986. The chairman of the Committee is the Surgeon
General of the PHS, Dr. C. Everett Koop. A detailed review of
the Committee activities is provided in Chapter Ill of this
Report.

Office on Smoking and Health Publlcatlons List

Public Information

What you don't know will hurt you. (PHS) 83-50197
A guide to smoking and your heafth.
Fold-down pamphlet: 1983.

No more butts. (PHS) 83-50199
A guide to quitting smoking.
Folddown pamphlet: 1983.

How a non-smoker can help a smoker become an ex-smoker.
(PHS) 83-50200

Fold-down pamphlet: 1983.

If your kids think everybody smokes . ..they don't know
everybody. (PHS) 83-50201
A parent's guide to smoking and teenagers.
Folddown pamphlet: 1983.

A Self-Test for Smokers. (CDC) 75-8716
There are three short tests in this booklet to help you find
out what you know about cigarette smoking and how you
feel about it.

8 photocopied pages: October 1983.

Teenage Cigarette Smoking Seff-Test: A Discussion Leader's
Guide. (PHS) 82-50189
This self-test was designed to help teenagers understand
their feelings about cigarette smoking. The booklet con-
sists of a leader's guide followed by eight duplicating
  masters. 1982.

Why People Smoke Cigarettes. (PHS) 83-50195
This statement on cigarette smoking has been developed
from testimony delivered before the U.S. Congress by
William Pollin, NIDA.
5 pages: 1985.

Pregnant? That's two good reasons to quit smoking. (PHS)
  83-50198

Fold-down pamphlet: 1985.
(English version)

Embarazada? He aqui dos buenas razones para dejar de

Is

fumar. (PHS) 83-50198 SP
Fold-down pamphlet: 1985.
(Spanish version)

Your Baby Smoking? If someone in your household is
smoking, then your baby is smoking, too. (CDC) 87-8401
Fold-down pamphlet: 1987. (English version)

Esta fumando su bebe? Si alguien esta fumando en su casa,
su bebe tambien esta fumando. (CDC) 87-8402
Fold-down pamphlet: 1987. (Spanish version)

Technical Publications

Smoking and Health Bulletin.
Abstracts of technical literature.
Quarterly.

162


Bibliography on Smoking and Heaith.
Annual cumulation of Smoking and Health Bulletins.
Earlier editions of the bibliography, from 1970-1988 are
available as long as supplies last.

State and Local Programs on Smoking and Health.
A collection of smoking prevention programs, aimed at
children and adolescents, school-based programs, com-
munity and patient education, worksite programs, mass
medical campaigns, and individual self-help and counsel-
ing. 151 pages. 1985.

Smoking and Health-A National Status Report.
A survey of National, State, and local programs;
categorizes all State legislation concerning smoking:
reviews smoking and health research sponsored by the
Federal Government and three major voluntary health
organizations; reviews smoking and prevalence over the
past 30 years, and examines promising intervention
strategies. 467 pages. 1986.

Directory of On-Going Research in Smoking and Health.
Summaries of research projects.
1984-85 issue only.

A Phvsician Talks About Smokina.

A

Developed for physicians and other health care profes-
sionals who are called upon to speak to medical and lay
audiences on smoking and heatth.
Booklet: 55 pages. (Slides available for purchase,
National Audiovisual Center, (301)763-l 896.)

Decision Maker's Guide to Reducing Smoking at the
Worksite.

A publication designed to answer questions about smok-
ing and its impact on business and to offer information,
policies, and programs to reduce smoking.
Booklet: 42 pages. (Photocopies only).

The Surgeon General's reports on the Health Consequences
of Smoking:
  198&Women

1981-The Changing Cigarette (out of print)
1982-Canter
1983-Cardiovascular Lung Disease
1984-Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
1985-Canter and Chronic Lung Disease in the Workplace
1986-Involuntary Smoking
1988-Nicotine Addiction.
198Q-25 Years of Progress.

Posters

Pregnant?

That's two good reasons to quit smoking.
Poster: 1985
(English version).

Embarazada?

He aqui dos buenas razones para dejar de fumar.
Poster: 1985
(Spanish version).

Animal Posters

Fish poster-Don't you get hooked.
16" x 21" color poster.
(English and Spanish).

Bunny poster-This is a dumb bunny.
16" x 21" color poster.
(English).

Cigarette Mash Poster

17" x 22" color poster.
(English).

Center for Environmental Health and InJury Control (WC)
The Center for Environmental Health and Injury Control
(CEHIC) of the CDC is conducting four research and analysis
projects on smoking and health, two in the Division of Environ-
mental Health Laboratory Sciences (EHLS) and two in the
Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects
(EHHE). These research and analysis projects are described
in detail below.

The EHLS is developing a sensitive assay for serum
cotinine to measure levels of cotinine in persons with low
levels of smoking exposure, such as passive smoking
exposure. Current serum cotinine assays are either too
insensitive to detect passive smoking levels or are not
validated. To prepare for the National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES) Ill, in which thousands of
cotinine measurements will be taken, the EHLS is
developing immunologic and gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry (GCIMS) methods for serum cotinine
measurement. The GClMS method for serum cotinine is
approximately 50 percent complete and appears to have
adequate sensitivity for detecting levels of cotinine from
passive smoking.

As a followup project, the EHLS will perform serum
cotinine measurements on NHANES Ill participants. The
objective of this study is to determine cotinine levels on a
set of persons who are representative of the non-institu-
tionalized civilian population in the United States. This
knowledge will allow prevalence estimates of the amount
of passive smoking exposure that occurs in the United
States. Cotinine levels will be measured for each survey
participant. Analysis on the samples should begin in
October 1988.

The EHHE, in conjunction with the Office on Smoking and
Health, is currently conducting the Rhode Island
Workplace Smoking Reduction Program. The program
began in October 1987, and will conclude in October
1990. The program's objective is to evaluate the effects
of measuring saliva cotinine on smoking behavior in the
workplace. The program seeks to determine whether or
not feedback on passive smoking levels, added to a
standard cessation and education program, will reduce
the overall level of smoking and exposure to tobacco
smoke in the workplace. This method will be compared
to the effect of a stand-alone education program.

163


The EHHE is also conducting a program in conjunction
with the New York City Department of Health. The
program's objective is to determine the effect of restric-
tions on smoking in the workplace on knowledge, at-
titudes, and practices. Self-administered written ques-
tionnaires were completed by Department of Health
employees. Saliva cotinine samples were collected at the
same interview. The questionnaires will be read-
ministered in the summer of 1988, and a second saliva
cotinine sample will be collected. Results are not yet
available, but are expected by March 1989.

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
PC)
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
(NIOSH) conducts research on the causes of work-related
illness and injuries, recommends workplace standards,
responds to requests for investigation of apparent occupation-
al health problems, and supports training of professionals in
the field. The NIOSH research efforts relating to problems of
smoking and clean indoor air focus on work-related hazards
and exposure or interaction with tobacco smoke.

The NIOSH has identified the 10 leading work-related dis-
eases and injuries and has developed comprehensive preven-
tion strategies to reduce or eliminate these problems. In
general, the strategies include four parts: definitions, descrip-
tions of the nature of the problem, depiction of the preventive
measures that can be taken immediately, and depiction of the
knowledge required to move forward. Other smoking-related
health problems include occupational cancers and occupa-
tional cardiovascular diseases; occupational lung disease has
the top priority. The 10 strategy plans guide the NIOSH
research activities. Copies of the strategy plans are available
from the Association of Schools of Public Health.

The NIOSH has a wide range of research work in progress
that deals with the interaction of smoking with worksite
hazards and exposures. In a related area, the NIOSH is
cooperating with the World Health Organization in the
development of a technical paper on smoking and occupation,
which will be promulgated worldwide.

Health Resources and Services
Administration

The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
supports a variety of smoking prevention and cessation
activities through its offices. Programs are aimed at specific
populations, and several are aimed specifically at. the HRSA
employees.

The Maternal and Child Health program currently provides
support to 12 Special Projects of Regional and National Sig-
nificance that include smoking as a risk behavior. One project
in Baltimore, Maryland, focuses efforts on low-income
mothers for a smoking cessation program.

Ten projects in the prenatal program include smoking as one
of the risk behaviors. Another project that emphasizes
decreasing risk behavior in adolescents includes smoking as
one of the nine risk behaviors, Positive results from these

projects will be made available to State and local maternal and
child health programs.

In the area of health professions and nursing education, many
of the grant-supported activities in curriculum development,
demonstration, and training for health care delivery include
smoking as a part of the health promotion aspects. Some of
the specific programs are:

o Area Health -Education Centers Family Medicine
Department Grants;

o Family Medicine Residency and Training Grants;

o General Internal Medicine, Pediatrics Residency, and
Training Grants;

o Nursing Demonstration Project Grants;

o Nurse Practitioner and Nurse Midwife Grants; and

o Special Nursing Project Grants.

The Primary Care programs and the National Health Service
Corps continue to support efforts to help their patients stop
smoking. Over one-half of the health promotion and disease
prevention (HPIDP) clinics that are Federally supported or
staffed indicate smoking cessation programs as an area of
special HP/DP emphasis. Further, smoking cessation is an
integral part of the lifecycles approach to heatth care service
delivery. Hence, smoking cessation is:

o integrated as part of risk assessment in prenatal care;

o taught as part of anticipatory guidance in pediatric care:

o included in the HP/DP activities for adolescent patients:

o part of the adult wellness programs, with specific em-
phasis on adults who have other risk factors, such as
hypertension and use of birth control pills; and

. part of the geriatric care program, reinforcing the role
models that older Americans provide for others.

The HRSA recommended a policy for smoking cessation in all
Community and Migrant Health Centers; increasingly, the
centers are becoming smoke-free.

The HRSA maintains on-the-job health and safety for many
Federal employees and supports efforts to inform employees
about smoking and health. The Federal Employees Health
Units throughout the country reported 170 smoking cessation
and education programs that have reached 11,000 people.

Indian Health Service

The Indian Health Service (IHS), as a public health agency,
promotes the practice of healthy lifestyles in American Indian
communities. The IHS provided a model for Indian com-

164


munities by making all IHS facilities smoke-free. The IHS set
a goal to make nonsmoking the social norm and reduce all
opportunities for the consumption of tobacco. Efforts are now
being focused on the maintenance of health by encouraging
individuals to eliminate habits that are detrimental and self-
destructive. Proper diet, cessation of smoking and alcohol
abuse, and an increase in fitness activities are major priorities
for the IHS.

Specific community education on the effects of tobacco
products is an integral part of all HP/DP activities. Special
programs and teaching materials were developed for high-risk
communities, including tribes in Alaska, and high-risk groups,
including adolescents, that target the hard-to-reach popula-
tions of tobacco users. Smoking at tribal council meetings has
been banned by some communities. Health and Fitness Fairs
are sponsored by many tribes throughout the Nation, em-
phasizing individual responsibility for health. The IHS is con-
tinuing its health promotion and disease prevention emphasis
throughout Fiscal Year 1988.

National Institutes of Health

The National Institutes of Heatth are responsible for the scien-
tific investigation of health problems facing the Nation. of the
nine Institutes, three reported programs, directly related to
smoking and health, that have an impact on National health
concerns. The primary responsibilities of these Institutes and
their smoking-related programs are described below.

National Cancer Institute (NIH)
Through the continuation of its comprehensive research pro-
gram in cancer control combined with efforts in health promo-
tion and information dissemination, the National Cancer
Institute (NCI) can identify strategies with the greatest
effectiveness in preventing the onset of tobacco use or in
promoting smoking cessation.

Natlonal Cancer Institute Publications List

Not Far Enough: Women vs. Smoking. A Workshop for
Women's Group and Women's Health Leaders. NIH Pub-
lication No. 87-2949, 1987. Summarizes the proceedings
and recommendations of a national conference on
women and smoking sponsored by the NCI and the
Advocacy Institute.

Schwartz, J.L. Review and Evaluation of Smoking Cessation
Methods: The United States and Canada, 1978-1985.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service, National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication
No. 87-2940. April 1987. 200 pages. Provides a detailed
analysis of both published and unpublished cessation
methods and techniques and success rates, from the
United States and Canada.

The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco: A
Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public
Health Service, DHHS Publication No. (NIH) 86-2874,

1986. 195 pages. The first Surgeon General's report to
focus exclusively on the health effects of smokeless
tobacco use.

Glynn, T.J., Manley, M.W. How to Help Your Patients Stop
Smoking: A National Cancer Institute Manual for
Physicians. NIH Publication No. 89-3064,1989. Based on
the results of NCI trials, this guide describes brief tech-
niques physicians can use to help patients stop smoking.

Media Strategies for Smoking Control: Guidelines. NIH Publi-
cation No. 89-3013, 1989. This guide provides practical
advice and strategies on how to use the media effectively
for smoking cdntrol issues, particularly at the local level.

Boyd, G.M. and Darby, C.A. (eds.) Smokeless Tobacco Use
in the United States. National Cancer lnstiiute Monograph
No. 8, 1989. A monograph which summarizes current
issues related to smokeless tobacco use including current
prevalence estimates, cancer risks due to smokeless use,
and intervention approaches.

Chew Or Snuff Is Real Bad Stuff: A Guide to Make Young
People Aware of the Dangers of Using Smokeless
Tobacco. A guide for use in schools and other settings to
reach youth about the hazards of snuff and chewing
  tobacco use.

Quit for Good: A Practitioner's Stop Smoking Guide. NIH
Publication No. 89-1825, 1989. A guide for the primary
care physician on how to help their patients stop smoking.

Glynn, T.J.  Essentials Elements of School-Based Smoking
Prevention Programs. In press, Journal of School Health
59(5), 1989. NIH consensus statement on the essential
elements for school-based smoking control programs.

Glynn, T.J. School Programs to Prevent Smoking, the Nation-
al Cancer Institute Guide to Strategies That Succeed. In
press, NIH, 1989. Guide to the selection of effective
school based smoking prevention initiatives with asample
list of appropriate curricula.

Smoking Policy Questions and Answers, a series of 10
separate publications providing brief, practical advice
about contemporary smoking policy issues.

o Health Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke

o Implementation of Smoking Policies

9 Strategies for Selecting Smoking Cessation Programs

o Costs and Benefits of Smoking Restrictions in the

Workplace

o Smoking in the Workplace: Ventilation

o Smoking in the Workplace: Legal Issues

o Smoking Policies and the Unions

o Smoking Policies and Health Care Institutions

165


o Smoking and the Female Workforce

o Smoking and the Blue Collar Workforce

Intervention Programs

The Smoking, Tobacco, and Cancer Program
The NCI Smoking, Tobacco, and Cancer Program (STCP)
within the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control (DCPC)
serves as the focal point for the NCl's research, disease
prevention, and health promotion activities related to tobacco
??? and cancer. In Fiscal Year 1988, the STCP has allocated
more than $39 million to activities for controlling smoking and
tobacco use. The majority of these funds will be used for
intervention and prevention initiatives. The primary objective
of the STCP is to decrease the incidence of cancers caused
by, or related to, smoking and the use of other tobacco
products. The programs of the STCP may be summarized
within five broad categories: basic research, intervention
initiatives, target population initiatives, information
dissemination and research applications, and surveillance.

The STCP supports intervention projects in eight areas, in
addition to the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking
Cessation. These projects are all aimed at producing reliable
prevention or cessation methodologies to reduce smoking
prevalence in the Nation. More than 10 million individuals in
25 States and over 200 cities are affected by these efforts.

The results of these efforts are expected to yield sufficient data
to develop large scale demonstration and implementation
studies by 1990, leaving the next decade for the dissemination
of those strategies. The eight individual approaches are
described below.

School-Based Intervention Program
Eight prevention-intervention initiatives based in schools were
supported in Fiscal Year 1988 in rural, urban, and suburban
areas across the country; two school-based trials were com-
pleted at the end of Fiscal Year 1986. The target audience
includes approximately 170,000 students in grades 3 through
12 for the current eight trials. Intervention approaches under
examination include a variety of smoking prevention curricula
and programs. An important aspect of these efforts isthefocus
on longitudinal followup; several of the projects entail evalua-
tion of the long-term effects of programs that have already
proved effective in the short-term. The goal of the STCP in this
area is development or refinement of school-based curricula
that have the potential for broad dissemination to the Nation's
schools. These intervention efforts include:

o A Comprehensive Approach to the Prevention of
Smoking;

o Late Adolescent Smoking: Process Analysis and
Deterrence;

o School and Family-Oriented Cancer Prevention
Program;          ,

o Evaluation of School-Based Smoking Prevention;

o A State-Wide Approach to Adolescent Tobacco-Use
Prevention;

Smoking Prevention: The Youth Health Promotion
Program;

Longitudinal Evaluation of a School Anti-Smoking
Program; and

Smoking Prevention Training for High-Risk Youth.

Minimal Interventions

The STCP is supporting seven intervention efforts to deter-
mine the long-term effectiveness of self-help resources; i.e.,
pamphlets, manuals, books, audiotapes, and other materials.
These trials test a variety of self-help approaches, affecting
over 200,000 individuals. The trials are expected to result in
several self-help programs for smoking cessation and relapse
prevention and kits that can be disseminated to smokers
through community, worksite, and health care settings. The
trials supported in Fiscal Year 1988 were:

Self-Help Smoking Cessation at the Worksite;

Stress and Social Support in the Self-Quitting of Smoking;

Cancer Control by Self-Help Smoking Interventions;

A Study of Self-Help Smoking Cessation and
Maintenance;

Self-Help Strategies in Long-Term Smoking Cessation;

Self-Help Models and Manuals for Smoking Cessation;
and

Effectiveness of Self-Help Smoking Cessation
Strategies.

Physician- and Dentist-Delivered Interventions
The STCP goals for physician- and dentist-delivered interven-
tions include the development of effective and durable inter-
vention methods and the development of effective methods to
train and influence physicians, dentists, and their off ice staff
in counseling smokers. Six physician- and dentist-delivered
intervention trials are funded through the NCI. The trials use
a variety of approaches in a range of medical and health
settings, including medical schools, private offices, and health
maintenance organizations. Through these projects, nearly
40,000 patients are receiving interventions from their
physicians; over 700 physicians and dentists receive training
or instructions on ways to intervene with patients who smoke.
Trials currently supported include:

o Compliance with Nicotine-Bearing Chewing Gum;

o Physician Counseling for Smoking Cessation;

o Physician and Dentist Intervention for Smoking
Cessation;

o Smoking Cessation Delivered in Physicians' Offices;

o Evaluation of Physician and Dentist Interventions for
Smoking Prevention and Cessation; and

166


o Tobacco Reduction in an HMO: A Model for Cancer
Control.

Mass Media Interventions

More than five million people are being exposed to smoking
control messages through five mass media intervention trials
funded by the NCI. Smoking intervention in this area involves
a variety of approaches, including different mass media chan-
nels, combinations of media and school-based programs, and
combinations of mediaand community intervention programs.
Efforts currently being supported include:

o Mass Media and Prevention of Adolescent Smoking;

o Approaches to Comprehensive Smoking Prevention;

o A Su Salud -A Media and Community Demonstration;

. Smoking Prevention Through Mass Media and School
Programs; and

o Community Interventions for Cancer Prevention.

Black-American interventions

The NCI currently supports eight intervention projects to ad-
dress smoking prevention and cessation in the black popula-
tion. Intervention strategies include the use and potential role
of black physicians in delivering smoking cessation strategies,
school-based skills training, smoking prevention programs,
self-help smoking cessation approaches, and community-
based smoking prevention and cessation campaigns. A prin-
cipal consideration in the design of intervention strategies for
blacks is !ailoring those strategies to relevant demographic,
socioeconomic, and cultural factors. Projects currently being
supported include:

. Black Physicians and Smoking Intervention Strategies;

. A Self-Help Quit Smoking Program for Black Americans;

. Community Mobilization for Smoking Cessation; and

. Primary Prevention of Cancer in Black Populations.

Hispanic-American interventions

The NCI has three intervention projects that are aimed at
Hispanics and one media trial, A Su Salud, that focuses
primarily on Hispanics. These approaches include smoking
campaigns, school-based prevention strategies, group ses-
sions, community organization and training, and systems of
social support for coping with stress. These efforts stress the
design of culturally appropriate interventions that take into
account the important issues related to Hispanic smoking
behavior. The three Hispanic projects currently funded are:

o Smoking Prevention Among New York Hispanic Youth;

o Smoking Prevention in Hispanic Adolescents; and

o Smoking Cessation Intervention in Hispanics.

Smokeless Tobacco interventions
The goals of the STCP intervention efforts in the area of
smokeless tobacco are to identify the pattern of use and the
major factors that influence its use, and to implement and
evaluate intervention strategies to minimize the prevalence of
smokeless tobacco use. The eight intervention projects
currently funded are:

Curtailing Use of Smokeless Tobacco Through 4-H
Clubs;

Smokeless Tobacco: Onset, Prevention, and Cessation;

Project Shout: Smokeless Tobacco Prevention in Public
Schools;

Smokeless Tobacco Cessation for Adults in Dental
HMOs;

Tobacco Use Prevention Among Native Americans;

Smokeless Tobacco Use Prevention Through Little
League;

Prevention of Smokeless Tobacco Use During
Adolescence; and

Prevention of Smokeless Tobacco Use in Children.

Women's interventions

The STCP intervention efforts aimed at women emphasize
approaches that relate to smoking patterns unique to women.
The approaches take into consideration a variety of influenc-
ing factors; i.e., the media, the multiple and increasingly
complex roles of women in society, fears of weight gain, and
stress management. The five projects currently funded
include:

Effect of Competence and Peer Support on Women's
Smoking;

Smoking Cessation for Women in an HMO Population:

Prevention and Cessation of Smoking by Nursing
Students;

Smoking Cessation Intervention Trial for Pregnant
Women; and

Enhancing Smoking Cessation by Weight Gain
Prevention.

Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation
The Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation was
initiated in September 1986 to establish a Nationwide
cooperative intervention program in 22 communities in the
United States and Canada. This trial is the largest in the STCP
and will involve almost two million people in the testing of
smoking cessation strategies delivered through community
organizations and social institutions. Heavy smokers (25 or
more cigarettes per day), who are at greatest risk for cancer
and who have shown the least reduction in smoking in the last

167


2 decades, are the prime target audience. Following the 2-year
planning and protocol development phase, the most promis-
ing intervention methodologies from all other ongoing STCP
research trials are being evaluated for broad applicability to
this trial. The resulting protocol will be tested during a 4-year
intervention period, and the impact will be monitored among
heavy and light-to-moderate smokers. The results of the inter-
vention protocol and trial will provide a model to communities
around the Nation that want to establish effective smoking
control programs.

Office of Cancer Communlcatlons (NCI)

Through its press activities and answers to public inquiries,
the NCI responds to questions about its tobacco research and
control programs and the overall tobacco problem. The NCI
assists journalists and health professionals in preparing
accurate reports on tobacco-related issues. In its Cancer
Prevention Awareness Program, the NCI uses a variety of
informational and educational approaches to motivate
Americans to avoid the use of all tobacco products. The mass
media, heafth care providers, and health-concerned organiza-
tions are priority channels for communicating and reinforcing
this key cancer prevention message.

OCC has historically tried to increase the involvement of
health professionals in counseling patients about cessation of
tobacco use. In collaboration with the American Cancer
Society a kit directed toward physicians was developed.
Called "Quit for Good: A Practitioner's Stop Smoking Guide,"
the kit is being promoted separately by both NCI and ACS,
with each organization packaging it with supporting materials,
including self-help booklets. The guide, which was extensively
pretested during development, is based on the protocol result-
ing from STCP physician and dentist intervention trials. This
new protocol includes involvement of the entire office support
staff in identifying smokers and encouraging and supporting
their quit attempts. Included in the new kits are waiting room
materials and chart reminders to focus the physician, office
staff, and patients on smoking cessation.

The "Pharmacist's Helping Smokers Quit" kit, similar to
physician and dentist kits, was developed in 1986 in collabora-
tion with the American Pharmaceutical Association (APA). A
distinctive feature of this program is its focus on drug interac-
tions with smoking. The kit contains a pharmacist's guide,
counter cards, posters, and sets of take-home materials for 25
patients. The program was launched in June 1986 at a Nation-
al news conference-more than 40,000 kits have been dis-
tributed. OCC plans to work with APA to revise kit materials in
late 1989 before a new wave of promotions to pharmacists.

"A Guide to Make Young People Aware of the Dangers of
Using Smokeless Tobacco" was developed and promoted by
the NCI and the Amrican Academy of Otolaryngology-Head
and Neck Surgery, Inc. The guide is an aide for teachers in
providing adolescent boys (ages 1 O-l 8 years) with information
about the social influences and health consequences of using
smokeless tobacco. NCI and the Academy have promoted the
materials to school-related organizations and through media
attention during the AA0 sponsored "Through With Chew" on

the anniversary of the death of Sean Marsee, an Oklahoma
youth who died of oral cancer related to his use of smokeless
tobacco.

The Office of Cancer Communications has collaborated with
the Off ice on Smoking and Health to develop and promote four
television public service campaigns that refer viewers to OCC
materials or the Cancer Information Service toll-free number.

NCI resources are available to health professionals and the
public to aid in the prevention or cessation of tobacco use.
Copies of all materials are available free of charge by writing
to the NCI, Office of Cancer Communications, Building 31,
Room lOA24. Bethesda, Maryland 20892. The materials
available to professionals and the general public include:

o Quit For Good brochure for use by physicians and den-
tists;

o Helping Smokers Quit brochure for use by pharmacists;

9 Clearing The Air brochure on cessation techniques;

o Guia Para Dejar De Fumar Spanish language booklet for
seff-help smoking cessation;

9 Why Do You Smoke self-test;

o Chew Or Snuff Is Real Bad Stuff brochure on smokeless
tobacco;

o Cancer Prevention Brief: Tobacco, an overview of the
relationship of smoking to health problems; and

0 Resources For Smokeless Tobacco Education list of
materials available on smokeless tobacco.

The NCI also supports a toll-free telephone inquiry system that
supplies information about cancer and contacts for additional
information. The Cancer Information Service (CIS) toll-free
number is 1-800-4-CANCER.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NIH)
The primary responsibility of the National Heart, Lung, and
Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the scientific investigation of heart,
blood vessel, lung, and blood diseases. The Institute oversees
the research, demonstration, prevention, education, con!rol,
and training activities in these areas. To enable the rapid
transfer of research-generated knowledge into the
mainstream of clinical medicine and personal health practices,
the Institute administers four educational programs designed
to alert health professionals, patients, and the public to new
knowledge for preventing and controlling cardiovascular,
pulmonary, and blood diseases.

Education Program

The NHLBI Smoking Education Program was created to
reduce smoking-related cardiovascular and pulmonary dis-
ease by developing and marketing educational materials and
programs for physicians, other health care providers, and
specialized patient populations. The program emphasizes the
importance of clinical opportunities: unique "teachable mo-
-merits" when an intervention by a physician or other health

168


care provider can have a profound impact on a smoker's
behavior. Several studies support the premise that a brief, but
firm, message from a physician about smoking cessation
during a routine office visit can be the critical factor in a
patient's decision to quit smoking. Program materials include
a variety of tools and publications that support this strategy.
The program also addresses smoking at the worksite, where
employee heafth programs provide an effective means of risk
factor reduction and where smoking policies are growing in
popularity.

Selected items available from the program include the
following.

. Clinical Opportunities For Smoking Intervention: A Guide
For The Busy Physician identifies simple steps
physicians and other office personnel can take to
encourage smoking cessation among patients. The guide
describes a variety of methods that can be used to
change patients' smoking behavior; e.g., adapting the
waiting room to prepare patients for intervention,
capitalizing on the physical examination, and steps to
prevent relapse. The interventions are easily integrated
into the physician's clinical setting.

o Clinical Opportunities For Smoking Intervention: A Slide
Program For Physicians is a training kit for physicians,
medical students, and other professionals on smoking
cessation and how to set up an intervention program
within a clinical setting. The kit contains 110 slides, a
script, an audio tape of the script, instructions, and a
resource package of supporting materials. Kits are
available on loan from the NHLBI.

169

o Proceedings: National Working Conference On Smoking
Relapse is a special issue of Health Psychology that
provides a summary of the current state of knowledge
about smoking relapse. Information is included on vari-
ables that contribute to relapse, mechanisms of relapse,
and nicotine's role in relapse prevention.

o School-Based Opportunities For Tobacco Use Intewen-
tion is a guide for physicians that describes how they can
play an important role in preventing children from using
tobacco by working with community schools. The guide
encourages professionals to sewe as resources to
schools and promote the use of effective programs
developed by other agencies or organizations. We Can't
Go On Like This is a series of seven video segments
produced as part of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention
Trial. These segments are useful for patient education,
individual and group therapy, maintenance sessions, dis-
cussion groups, experimental and established efforts,
and many others.

. it's Your Business: Smoking Policies For The Workplace
summarizes the proceedings of a workshop that brought
corporate managers and health experts together to dis-
cuss smoking policies. Brief examples of how selected
companies instituted policies are provided.

. The Physician's Guide: How To Help Your Hypertensive
Patients Stop Smoking presents a four-step minimal
smoking cessation procedure that emphasizes patient

commitment and physician followup. A more intensive
strategy is also described.

o NHLBI Smoking Education Program Strategy Develop-
ment Workshop For Minorities: A Summary Report
presents the background and recommendations from a
workshop convened to define a minority focus for the
NHLBI Smoking Education Program. The main body of
the report is organized according to minority group; i.e.,
blacks, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and
American Indians.

Other materials ir@ude the NHLBI Smoking Education Pro-
gram: Planning Workshop For Professional And Patient
Education Summary Report; Facts About... Smoking And
Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases; Facts About...Smoking
And Your Heart; A's Your Business: A Guide To Heart And
Lung Health At The Workplace; and With Every Beat Of Your
Heart: An ldeabook For Community Heart Health Programs.

National Institute of Child Health and Human
Development (NIH)
The National Institute of Child Health and Human Develop-
ment (NICHD) Office of Research Reporting prepared and
distributes the brochure Facts About Pregnancy and Smoking.
Approximately 50,000 copies of this pamphlet have been
distributed over the past 2 years; it has been reprinted and is
available for physicians and clinics to distribute to patients.

Material from this fact sheet was incorporated into the packet
of health education materials distributed in conjunction with
the Secretary of the DHHS' Initiative on Smoking and Preg-
nancy. This packet, sent to 33,000 physicians and other
providers of health care, reached virtually all physicians,
clinics, and offices that provide prenatal care in the United
States, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.

As part of its continuing effort to inform women of the hazards
associated with smoking, the NICHD, in conjunction with the
Division of Maternal and Child Health, funded a Healthy
Mothers, Healthy Babies project. The project entailed the
distribution of heafth education materials to 10 States that
lacked the resources to develop similar materials. Developed
by the New York State Health Department, the materials have
won numerous awards for their effectiveness in conveying to
pregnant women four important health messages: stop smok-
ing, receive regular prenatal care, avoid alcohol consumption,
and follow a healthy diet while pregnant. These materials,
available in both English and Spanish, will form the basis for
Statewide Healthy Mothers, Healthy Babies programs in the
10 States.

The Institute is setting up a smoking intervention program for
pregnant women that will be implemented by obstetricians and
other primary care providers during patient visits. The project
is being implemented in collaboration with the American Col-
lege of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Three dif-
ferent intervention strategies will be evaluated in terms of their
effectiveness, feasibility, and cost. One strategy involves min-
imal interaction between the obstetrician, his or her staff, and
the patient, and includes distribution of a self-help guide with
some instruction as to its use. A second approach includes


application of the first strategy plus some followup at
scheduled prenatal visits; a third approach incorporates the
first two approaches and establishes an individual in the
obstetrician's office who maintains regular telephone contact
with the patient. Obstetricians interested in participating in this
project will be identified through ACOG. They will be assigned
to one of the three intervention strategies orto acontrol group.
The control group will continue providing advice that
obstetricians currently give to women who smoke. As the most
important risk factor currently known to affect low birthweight,
smoking offers potential for intervention. This project provides
smoking intervention strategies for obstetricians to use as part
of regular prenatal care during pregnancy.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health
Promotion (OASH)

The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
(ODPHP), within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Health (OASH), coordinates all prevention activities of the
PHS. The ODPHP coordinates policy development, program
planning and development, and information dissemination in
disease prevention and health promotion matters. The
ODPHP leads, oversees, and monitors PHS activities related
to achievement of the 1990 Health Objectives for the Nation.

As part of its Workplace Health Promotion initiative, the
ODPHP commissioned and disseminated two reports on
worksite smoking, A Decision Makers Guide To Reducing
Smoking At The Worksite, produced in cooperation with the
Office on Smoking and Health, and the National Survey Of
Worksite Health Promotion. The latter report found that over
two-thirds of worksites surveyed offer smoking control
activities.

The ODPHP has several school heatth activities related to
smoking. In an advisory capacity, the ODPHP works with the
OSH in planning an in-depth teen health survey and with the
CDC in developing a smoking and smokeless tobacco com-
ponent for two National school health curricula. The results of
a National Adolescent School Health Survey, which includes
smoking and smokeless tobacco, will be ready by Fall 1988.
The ODPHP also worked with the ACS over the past 4 years
to conduct anti-smoking workshops in Latin-American
countries.

The U.S. P:eventive Services Task Force, created by the
ODPHP to recommend age-and sex-specific areas for clinical
screening and preventive interventions, reviewed smoking
cessation counseling and followup by physicians and other
heakh care providers in clinical settings. These recommenda-
tions appeared in the May 20, 1988, issue of the Journal of
the American MedicalAssociation. Finally, smoking cessation
is one of the six key health messages addressed in the
ODPHP public education campaign for Healthy Older People,
aimed at reducing dependency, disability, and disease among
older Americans.

In addition, the ODPHP provided staff support for the smoking
Workgroup of the Surgeon General's Workshop on Health

170

Promotion and Aging. The ODPHP is represented on the
Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health and the ACS
Tobacco-Related Research Coordinating Committee.

Office of Minority Health (OASH)

The Office of Minority Health (OMH), within the OASH, was
created in response to the growing public health planning
needs of minority populations in the Nation. The OMH focuses
efforts on health promotion programs and research projects
that will respond to the needs of these populations. In the area
of smoking and health, the OMH funds a Minority Community
Health Coalition Demonstration Grant Program which has a
smoking and health component. A project entitled Community
Coalition For Minority Health: Diet-Smoking-Blood Pressure
Control In Nashville Blacks, is being conducted by the Meharry
Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee.

This project will establish a coalition of organizations to reduce
mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer among
blacks in Nashville/Davidson County. This goal will be
achieved by planning and implementing programs designed
to reduce the associated risk factors of diet, obesity, smoking,
and high blood pressure. Specific project objectives are:

to develop networks of communication between health
professionals and lay workers interested in mounting
intensive prevention programs that will have an impact on
a large number of blacks in Nashville:

to transform existing disease prevention and health
promotion programs that reduce exposure to the four risk
factors into a black framework and implement them in
black churches and other suitable community
organizations; and

to evaluate the effectiveness of such community net-
works and community interventions.

In addition to Meharry Medical College, key memberorganiza-
tions of the coalition include the AHA; the ALA; the Metro
Government (Department of Health); Healthfare, Inc.; the
Interdenominational Ministerial Alliance; and the Young
Women's Christian Association (YWCA). Specific interven-
tions will begin with disease risk assessments performed at a
series of health fairs held at four churches and the subsequent
conduct of health education programs. Some interventions will
be based on input from focus groups involving representatives
from the target population. For the smoking cessation com-
ponent, the project is using the ALA manual, Freedom From
Smoking For You And Your Family. Other materials may be
developed or existing ones modified for use in a smoking
awareness program.

Department of Defense

As the Nation's largest employer, the Department of Defense
(DOD) is responsible for the health and wellbeing of its
employees throughout the Nation and worldwide. In response
to the Surgeon General's report on involuntary smoking, the


DOD Directive 1010.10, Health Promotion, established a
health promotion policy within DOD to improve and maintain
military readiness and the health of DOD personnel. The
Directive places increased emphasis on educational
programs regarding health risks associated with smoking, use
of drugs and alcohol, diet, lack of exercise, and hypertension.

The goals of the DOD program for smoking prevention and
cessation are to create a social environment that supports
abstinence and discourages use of tobacco products, to cre-
ate a healthy environment, and to provide smokers with assis-
tance in quitting. Smoking is prohibited in auditoriums.
conference rooms, classrooms, buses, vans, elevators, and,
unless adequate space and ventilation are available to ensure
a healthy environment for nonsmokers, in eating areas, and
common work areas. Branches of DOD are not allowed to
participate in tobacco product manufacturer's or distributor's
promotional programs, activities, or contests aimed primarily
at DOD personnel.

A framework that established program goals and organized
the four Armed Services' programs into a coherent and com-
prehensive DOD approach to smoking reduction was com-
pleted in April 1986, and revised in November 1986, to
increase the reduction goals. Specifically, the program goals
are to reduce the rates of smoking and use of other tobacco
products among personnel on active duty to levels significant-
ly below civilian rates; this will be accomplished by lowering
the current rates by at least 10 percent each year. The DOD
will provide information, motivation, education, and cessation
programs on smoking reduction to DOD beneficiaries and
employees. To minimize the effects of smoking on non-
smokers, the DOD will specify designated places and times
where smoking can occur.

As of October 1987, the authorized age for the purchase of
tobacco products in the overseas military resale system was
raised to a minimum of 18 years of age. This policy will apply
to all service personnel, family members, and all other
authorized patrons of military resale outlets.

Meetings to plan and share information have been held and
are ongoing with the ACS, the AHA, the Al-A, the NCI, and the
OSH. The DOD Smoking Working Group and individual repre-
sentativesfrom each of the four Armed Services have met with
an ACS representative to discuss strategies for developing a
DOD equivalent to an ACS division. The purpose of this
division will betoobtain materials and disseminate information
to military locations outside the continental United States. Print
and audiovisual materials have been obtained from voluntary
and Federal agencies at no cost or purchased by the American
Forces Information Service, an off ice within the Office of the
Assistant Secretary for Defense for Public Affairs. The ACS
agreed to provide printed materials worth over $60,000 at no
cost to DOD for use at overseas locations. The AHA has
underwritten over $20,000 to furnish its Heart At Work kit at
no cost to DOD. Other direct support for the Department's
anti-smoking program has included provision of master sets
of ACS films and slides that DOD can produce for use outside
the United States.

In addition, training support for facilitators of smoking cessa-
tion programs has been provided. Representatives from the
ACS assisted the Department of the Air Force in two facilitator
training classes at two overseas locations during the latter part

of 1986. Classes were held for the Departments of the Army
and Navy in May 1987.

The DOD conducted surveys on smoking behavior patterns in
each of the four Armed Services, among DOD personnel, and
among the DOD civilian population in the United States and
worldwide locations. The results of these surveys are avail-
able in the Updated Report on Smoking and Health in the
Military, published by the Department in July 1987.

U.S. Department of the Alr Force

The Air Force offers smoking cessarion classes to all person-
nel who request them. The Consumer Health Education
Division of the Air Force Medical Service Center provides
advice and assistance in starting smoking cessation classes.
All Air Force medical facilities are required to offer smoking
cessation classes to those who want to quit, and smoking is
prohibited in any Air Force medical facility. Medical personnel
are required by the Surgeon General of the Air Force to set a
good example by not smoking in the presence of patients. In
addition, Nicorette chewing gum is available in all pharmacies
by medical prescription. Tobacco sales have been discon-
tinued at all Air Force medical treatment facilities.

U.S. Department of the Army

The Army's anti-smoking campaign emphasizes voluntary
cessation by educating and informing soldiers, civilians,
retirees, and family members. Education programs have been
developed to stress the dangers of tobacco use and the
benefits of quitting. Cessation programs are offered for in-
dividuals who want to quit. The Army is working with the ACS
to provide free cessation clinics at military bases in Korea and
Germany.

The Army's smoking policy, effective July 1986, bans the use
of tobacco products during basic training and restricts their
use in other military courses. Army training centers and
service schools have included anti-tobacco information in the
curriculum.

U.S. Department of the Navy

The Navy's hospitals, clinics, and Family Service Centers
periodically hold smoking cessation classes that accom-
modate 8 to 15 attendees. These classes model either the
ACS or the ALA cessation programs. The Navy has also
developed materials in support of the ACS Great American
Smokeout. Four hundred packets of information on the
Smokeoui were mailed to Navy commands worldwide.

Naval medical and dental personnel are prohibited from smok-
ing in the presence of patients. Tobacco products cannot be
sold within medical and dental f.acilities, and all naval hospitals
are required to offer group programs in smoking cessation.
Educationalclasses stress health risks of tobacco use in basic
training and general military training for all Navy personnel.
Assistance in smoking cessation efforts is generally offered
by group clinics rather than se&help materials.

U.S. Marine Corps

The Marine Corps developed and is implementing a Tobacco
Use Prevention And Cessation Program. The intent is to
ensure that all Marines are aware of the detrimental health
consequences of tobacco use and the benefits of not using

171


tobacco products. The program strategy has been designed
to create an environment that supports abstinence and dis-
courages the use of tobacco products, to create a healthy work
environment, and to provide smokers with the encouragement
and professional assistance necessary to stop smoking.

The Marine Corps implementation plan includes education
and information, assistance and referral, promotion and
publicity, and program evaluation. Family Service Centers and
Drug and Alcohol Counseling Centers will be used to provide
smoking cessation and tobacco education programs.

Veterans Administration

The Veterans Administration (VA) operates diverse programs
to benefit veterans and members of their families. These
benefits include compensation payments for disability or
death related to military service, pensions, education and
rehabilitation, and a medical program incorporating nursing
homes, clinics, and 172 medical centers.

Public Law 98-160 authorizes the VA to provide preventive
health services to any veteran under care. Smoking cessation
has been emphasized as an important preventive interven-
tion. All major VA health facilities have developed smoking
policies to restrict areas in which smoking is permitted and
have implemented aggressive smoking education and cessa-
tion programs. Currently, 27 VA medical centers have banned
the sale of tobacco products in VA canteens and an additional
26 medical centers are awaiting approval of their request to
do the same.

Information and Referral Services

Many organizations and government agencies maintain
libraries of materials on smoking and health. Pamphlets,
audiovisual materials, media presentations, posters, and
other educational materials are available upon request by
contacting the agency or organization. Several hotlines offer
service to the community by providing free information on the
hazards of smoking and tips to quit the habit. Some organiza-
tions also furnish addresses of programs that can provide
further information and assistance to people who wish to stop
smoking. Organizations and programs with these types of
services are listed below.

American Cancer Society
90 Park Avenue
New York, New York 10016
(212)382-2169
(800)ACS-2345

American Heart Association
National Center
7320 Greenville Avenue
Dallas, Texas 75231
(214)750-5300

American Lung Association
1740 Broadway
New York, New York 100194374
(212)315-8700

Center for Chronic Disease
Prevention and Health Promotion
Centers for Disease Control
Building 3
1600 Clifton Road, N.E.
Atlanta, Georgia 30333
(404)639-3699

General Conference of Seventh-Day Adventists
Health and Temperance Department
6840 Eastern Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20012
(202)722-6700

National Audiovisual Center
Order Section IQ
Washington, D.C. 20409
(301)496-4236

National Cancer Institute
9000 Rockville Pike
Building 31,4A-18
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
(301)496-4000
(800)4-CANCER

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Smoking Education Program
9000 Rockville Pike
Building 31,4A-21
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
(301)496-l 051

National Institute for Child Health

and Human Development
Department of Health and Human Services
Building 31, Room 2A-32
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, Maryland 20892
(301)496-l 711

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Department of Health and Human Services
Mary E. Switzer Building
Room 2132
330 C Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20201
(202)245-7611

172


Office on Smoking and Health
Centers for Disease Control
Park Building, Room l-58
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland 20857
Public Inquiries:
(301)443-l 575

National Cancer Institute supports atoll-free telephone inquiry
system called the Cancer Information System (CIS), which
supplies information about cancer and smoking-related
sources to the general public. Each CIS office provides free

Technical Information Center
office on Smoking and Health
Centers for Disease Control
Park Building, Room l-1 6
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, Maryland 20857
Technical Inquiries:
(301)443-l 690

printed materials on subjects ranging from types of cancer and
treatment to advice on how to talk with cancer patients. The
CIS numbers for all States is (800)4-CANCER.

PART 2

STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS

The following section contains a directory of smoking- and
health-related programs implemented at the State and local   represent the efforts of voluntary groups; State, county, and
level throughout the Nation. While not a complete listing of all   local departments of health; hospitals and clinics: and private
                          organizations in each State and in the Virgin Islands, Guam,

programs offered to the public, this directory includes
descriptions of over 1,500 programs. These programs

and Puerto Rico. Following this listing is a description of efforts
of smoking and health advocacy groups.

173


STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS

ALABAMA

0001.  ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH,
    644 State Office Building, Montgomery, Alabama
     36111.

Program Title:
Health Department Activities.

Contact:

James J. McVay, M.P.A., Director
(205)261-5095.

Description:

The department gives ongoing assistance to agencies, cor-
porations, and other worksites in establishing nonsmoking
policies and related programs, and participates, in conjunction
with the American Lung Association or American Heart As-
sociation, in the annual Worksite Health Promotion Health Fair
with a booth on smoking issues. Participants at this fair are
recruited for smoking cessation programs.

The health office conducts a smoking cessation program for
various audiences but most efforts are geared toward educa-
tional awareness. Local health departments are provided with
in-service training in a smoking cessation program for preg-
nant women.

Some other educational efforts include: 1) a 15day television
public service series entitled Tobacco Use: Your Health,
presented by the State health officer, Claude Earl Fox, M.D.,
M.P.H.; 2) Statewide distribution of taped radio public service
announcements on smoking issues, also by Dr. Fox; 3) setting
upa survival station at the State Heath Department during the
annual Great American Smokeout; and 4) the establishment,
by the department, of a Certificate of Recognition program to
recognize ex-smokers.

0002.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ALABAMA
    DIVISION, 402 Offlce Park Drive, Suite 300,
   Blrmlngham, Alabama 35223.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Anita G. Wright, Public Education Director
(205)879-2242 or (800)292-4935.

Description:

The American Cancer Society offers FreshStart programs and
materials free of charge and also trains instructors to conduct
in-house smoking cessation programs for organizations. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0003.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ALABAMA
    DIVISION, 402 Office Park Drive, Suite 300,
    Birmingham, Alabama 35223.

Program Title:
Smokeless Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Anita G. Wright, Public Education Director
(205)879-2242 or (800)292-4935.

Description:

The American Cancer Society provides educational materials
to ad&s and youth on the dangers of smokeless tobacco,
including films, videos, pamphlets, and slides.

0004.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ALABAMA
    AFFILIATE, 1449 Medical Park Drive, Post Office
    Box 9097, Birmingham, Alabama 35213.

Program Title:
Calling It Quits.

Contact:

Mr. James A. McDermott, Program Director
(205)592-7100.

Description:

Calling It Quits is a self-help program designed to help the
smoker quit on his or her own. Materials developed by the
American Heart Association National Center are used. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0005.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ALABAMA
   AFFILIATE, 1449 Medical Park Drive, Post Off ice
    Box 9097, Birmingham, Alabama 35213.

Program Tftle:
In Control.

Contact:

Mr. James A. McDermott, Program Director
(205)592-7100.

Description:

The American Lung Association's in Control home video
smoking cessation program is offered through this Heart As-
sociation affiliate. For more information, see the detailed pro-
gram description in Part 1.

17s


0006.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ALABAMA
   AFFILIATE, 1449 Medical Park Drive, Post Off Ice
   Box 9097, Blrmlngham, Alabama 35213.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. James A. McDermott, Program Director
(205)592-7100.

Descr iptlon :

The Save A Sweet Heart program is a series of activities to
promote nonsmoking among junior and senior high school
students. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0007.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF ALABAMA,
   900 South 18th Street, Post Office Box 55209,
   Birmingham, Alabama 35255.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Mr. James L. Hughes, Executive Director
(205)933-8821.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Pari 1.

0008.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALABAMA,
   900 South 18th Street, Post Office Box 55209,
   Birmingham, Alabama 35255.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Mr. James L. Hughes, Executive Director
(205)933-8821.

Description:

A behavior modification program is presented in the form of
two self-help manuals; the first manual helps a person stop
smoking and the second manual helps a person stay off
cigarettes. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Pari 1.

0009.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALABAMA,
   900 South 18th Street, Post Office Box 55209,
   Birmingham, Alabama 35255.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Instructor Training.

Contact:

Mr. James L. Hughes, Executive Director
(205)933-8821.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association encourages staff, volunteers,
and paid leaders to attend a training workshop and to train
others. The trained workshop leader can serve as a Freedom
From Smoking clinic coordinator responsible for the organiza-
tion, promotion, administration, recruitment, selection, and
training of clinic leaders.

0018.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALABAMA,
    900 South 18th Street, Post Office Box 55209,
    Birmingham, Alabama 35255.

Program Title:
in Control.

Contact:

Mr. James L. Hughes, Executive Director
(205)933-8821.

Description:

The American Lung Association's in Control videocassette
smoking cessation program is available for purchase or loan.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0011.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALABAMA,
   900 South 18th Street, Post Office Box 55209,
    Birmingham, Alabama 35255.

Program Title:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Mr. James L. Hughes, Executive Director
(205)933-8821.

Descrlptlon:

This program targets students in grades 4 through 6 and is
available to schools and community groups. For more infor-
mation, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

00012.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALABAMA,
   900 South 18th Street, Post Office Box 55209,
   Birmingham, Alabama 35255.

Program Title:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Study.

Contact:

Mr. James L. Hughes, Executive Director
(205)933-8821.

Description:

The American Lung Association (ALA) of Alabama par-
ticipates in the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-
Prevention Trial at the University of Alabama. ALA promotes
screenings at appropriate functions, assists in publicizing and
promoting the study, and provides 50 percent of the financial:
support for a Recruitment Volunteer Coordinator. ALA con-
tinues to promote the Association's Awards and Grants pro-
gram and encourages the submission of quality projects in
smoking cessation.

176


0013.  CULLMAN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   500 Logan Avenue, SW., Post Office Box 1678,
    Cullman, Alabama 35056.1678.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy.

Contact:

Sylvia Morris, M.D., M.P.H., Assistant Medical Director
(205)734-1030.

Description:

The program targets pregnant and post-partum women in the
Women, Infants. and Children (WIC) program. Utilizing
materials developed at the educational level of the WIC
patients and including positive reinforcement, buddy system,
and smoking aversion techniques, this program's goal is to
promote smoking cessation among pregnant women.

0014.  DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH, Post Off Ice
    Box 488, Annlston, Alabama 36202.

Program Title:

A Pregnant Woman's Self-Help Guide To Quit Smoking.

Contact:

Pamela P. Beale, R.N., M.S.M., Health Education Coor-
dinator, Public Health Area IV
(205)236-3274.

Descrlptfon:

Clinic staff introduce and explain the lo-day smoking

0016.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ALASKA
   DIVISION, INC., 406 West Flreweed Lane, Suite
    101, Anchorage, Alaska 99503.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Wheeler, Program Director
(907)277-8696.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0017.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ALASKA
   DIVISION, INC., 406 West Flreweed Lane, Suite
    101, Anchorage, Alaska 99503.

Program Title:
Quitter's Guide.

cessation program to women during the initial maternity visit
or Women, Infants, and Children program visit. If the client
wishes to enroll, a contract is signed. The clinic staff will
discuss the guide provided to the client. On subsequent visits,
progress is evaluated and reinforced. The program is
evaluated by compiling statistics on quit rates of clients who
enter and complete the program.

0015.  MOelLE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 251
   North Bayou Street, Post Office Box 2867,
    Mobile, Alabama 36652.

Program Title:

Anti-Smoking Campaign For Mobile County.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Stiegler, Director, Health Promotion
(205)690-8158.

Descrlptlon:

Three surveys aimed at health care providers, private-sector
businesses, and service industries were conducted to obtain
data on smoking policies, tobacco use, and compliance with
local ordinances restricting the sale and use of tobacco
products. The resutts of these surveys will support the non-
smoking campaign and assist in establishing smoking policies
and ordinances. A worksite smoking cessation program,
FreshStart, is offered to any organization upon request. The
localchapter of the American Cancer Society offers the Fresh-
Start program, in cooperation with the Health Department, free
of charge.

ALASKA

Contact:

Ms. Carol Wheeler, Program Director
(907)277-8696.

Descrlptlon:
Quitter's Guide - 7-Day Plan To Help You Stop Smoking
Cigarettes is a pamphlet distributed to individuals and
physicians upon request. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0018.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ALASKA AF-
   FILIATE, INC., 2330 East 42nd Avenue,
   Anchorage, Alaska 99508.

Progam Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Lynn McCarthy, Programs 8nd Communications Director
(907)563-3111.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's smoking cessation video

177


program, In Control, is availablefor rentor purchase. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0019.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
   605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program Title:

Alaska Smoke-Free Line.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

Description:

This program consists of 8 24.hour toll-free line for Alaskans
throughout the State to call for tips on quitting smoking and for
additional support. Taped messages give callers information
on cessation programs, weight control, exercises, alternative
behaviors, and other important information regarding the
maintenance of a nonsmoking lifestyle. At the end of the tape,
the caller can request followup from a smoking cessation
counselor.

0020.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
    605 BarrOW Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

Description:

Seven-week courses meet once a week to offer a systematic,
group support approach to quitting smoking and maintaining
a nonsmoking lifestyle. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0021.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
    605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program We:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

D8SCrlptiOn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0022.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
   605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

Description:

A set of two manuals offers a day-by-day approach to quitting
smoking and maintaining a nonsmoking lifestyle. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0023.  AMERICAN'LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
   605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program ntk
Growing Healthy.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

Descrlptlon:

This is a comprehensive health education curriculum for
kindergarten through grade 7. The program uses films, slides,
pamphlets, records, cassettes, books, and resource people to
supply information on healthy attitudes, behaviors, and life-
styles. The program has been validated by the National Dif-
fusion Networkof the United States Department of Education.
Longitudinal studies have been done on the project with
significant changes reported in knowledge, attitude, and be-
havior. Teacher training must be conducted before implemen-
tation can take place. Support and commitment of the school's
administration are required.

0024.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF ALASKA,
    605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control videocassette
program is available. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0025.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
    605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, AnChOr898, Alaska
     99510.

Program Title:
Lungs Are For Life.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

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Description:

The American Lung Association's Lungs Are For Life modules
are offered to area schools. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0026.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF ALASKA,
   605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program Title:
Cctopuff In Kumquat.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5664.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Octopuff In Kumquat pro-
gram is offered to area grade schools. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0027.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
   605 Barrow Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program ntle:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

Description:

The purpose of this program is to reduce the incidence of
maternal smoking in Alaska by providing smoking cessation
counseling and materials to women of childbearing age and
pregnant women and by training health care providers on
smoking intervention techniques. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0028.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF ALASKA,
   605 Barrow Street, Sutte 2, Anchorage, Alaska
     99510.

Program Title:

School Health Speakers Bureau.

contact:

Ms. Deborah Williams, Executive Director
(907)276-5864.

Descrlptlon:

School presentations are geared for small or general assem-
bly size groups of students. Themes of presentations include
The Ten Rules Of Lung Health and A Nonsmoking Lifestyle.

0028.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALASKA,
   605 B8rrOW Street, Suite 2, Anchorage, Alaska
    99510.

Program Title:

Smoking At The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Babb Stone, Program Director
(907)276-5864.

Description:

This program is designed to help employers develop and
implement nonsmoking policies and to help smoking
employees quit by offering smoking cessation opportunities.
Consultation services, smoking cessation classes and
materials, and seminars are offered on an ongoing basis.

0030.  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SER-
   VICES, Kodiak Health Center, Post Office Box
   1216, Kodlak, Alaska 99615.

Program Title:

Education Of Smoking Risks.

Contact:

Ms. Rae Jean Blaschka, Public Health Nurse
(907)466-X31 9.

Descrlptlon:

In each of the villages on Kodiak Island, a 1 -hour program on
the risks of smoking and chewing tobacco is presented to
elementary, junior high school, and senior high school stu-
dents. The program uses materials from the American Cancer
Society, American Lung Association, Ameriian Heart As-
sociation, and Alaska Native Medical Center's Health Educa-
tion Department. An audiovisual presentation is followed by
discussion, with students listing the pressures to smoke or
chew and the reasons why tobacco use ls harmful.

0031.  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL SER-
   VICES, Kodiak Health Center, Post Office Box
   1216, Kodlak, Alaska 99615.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Rae Jean Blaschka, Public Health Nurse
(907)466-3319.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
twice a year to the general public. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0032.  SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTlST CHURCH, 1515 East
   Tudor Road, Anchorage, Alaska 99507.

Program Title:
Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:
Mr. David J. Strike
(907)562-2721.

179


Description:
The Breathe-Free Plan is supplemented with respiratory
charts, films, X-rays, and evaluation of participants' pulmonary
function tests. One month after completion of the program,

participants are invited to a dinner, where their cessation
success is measured. The program is held every 3 months for
25 to 40 persons each session. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0033.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ARIZONA    0038.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ARIZONA
    DIVISION, INC., CENTRAL REGION, 634 West       DIVISION, INC., SOUTHERN REGION, 634 West
   lndi8n School Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013.         Indian School Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Contact:

Ms. Carrie Bruner, Program Coordinator
(602)264-5861.

Ms. Courtney Upton, Program Coordinator
(602)790-2600.

Descrlptlon:

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0034.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ARIZONA
    DIVISION, INC., EAST VALLEY REGION, 634
    West Indian School Road, Phoenlx, Arizona
     85013.

0037.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ARIZONA
    DIVISION, INC., WEST VALLEY REGION, 634
    West lndlan School Road, Phoenix, Arizona
     85013.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Contact:

Ms. Mardy Sears, Program Coordinator
(602)890-0717.

Ms. Suzanne Gaither, Program Coordinator
(602)972-0788.

Description:

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0035.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ARIZONA
   DIVISION, INC., NORTHERN REGION, 634 West
    Indian School Road, Phoenlx, Arizona 85013.

0038.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ARIZONA
    DIVISION, INC., WESTERN REGION, 634 West
    lndlan School Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85013.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Contact:

Ms. Ann Kuttz, Program Coordinator
(602)526-3800.

Ms. Chris Bergman, Program Coordinator
(602)855-4357.

Description:

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

180


0039.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ARIZONA
    AFFILIATE, 1445 East Thomas Road, Phoenlx,
     Arizona 85014.5794.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Willi Baer, Program Director
(602)277-4646.

Descrlptlon:

Heart At Work is a health promotion program aimed at
employees in business, industry, and other organizations. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0040.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ARIZONA
    AFFIUATE, 1445 East Thomas Road, Phoenlx,
     Arizona 85014-5794.

Program Title:

Putting Your Heart Into The Curriculum.

Contact:

Mr. Willi Baer, Program Coordinator
(602)277-4846.

Descrlptlon:

This program is a series of four curriculum guides divided into
four grade-level components. The materials include modules
on the circulatory system, heart disease prevention, risk factor
modification, nonsmoking, and nutrition.

0041.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ARIZONA
    AFFILIATE, 1445 East Thomas Road, Phoenix,
     Arizona 85014.5794.

Program Title:

Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. Willi Baer, Program Director
(602)277-4646.

Description:

This program is a campaign to promote nonsmoking among
junior and senior high school students. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0042.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, ARIZONA
   AFFILIATE, 1445 East Thomas Road, Phoenix,
     Arizona 85014-5794

Program Title:
Speakers' Bureau.

Contact:

Mr. Willi Baer, Program Director
(602)277-4646.

181

Description:

A speakers' bureau provides an ongoing service to com-
munities by training informed volunteers to talk to various
groups, such as the Kiwanis Club and PTA groups, on the
prevention of cardiovascular disease.

0043.  ARIZONA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 102 West
    McDowell Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85003.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Patrice Quarg, Program Director
(602)258-7505.

Descrlptlon:

This self-help program includes a videocassette, viewers'
guide, and audiocassette. In Control can be purchased or
rented from the Arizona Lung Association. For more informa-
tion, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0044.  ARIZONA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 102 West
    McDowell Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85003.

Program ntki:

Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Patrice Ouarg, Program Director
(602)258-7505.

Description:

This package program directed towards students in grades 4
through 8 is available to schools and community groups. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0045.  ARIZONA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 102 West Mc-
    Dowell Road, Phoenlx, Arizona 85003.

Program Title:
Self-Help Materials.

Contact:

Ms. Patrice Quarg, Program Director
(602)258-7505.

Description:

All Freedom From Smoking manuals are available to the
public for a nominal fee. Additional books available include the
Kick-It-Kit and the new American Lung Association's manual,
Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

0046.  ARIZONA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 102 West
   McDowell Road, Phoenlx, Arizona 85003.

Program Title:
SMOKEBUSTERSI


Contact:

Ms. Patrice Quarg, Program Director
(602)258-7505.

Description:

This medically supervised behavior modification program
using Nicorette gum is offered to the general public every 2
months. The group instructor uses the American Lung
Association's manuals, Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days
and A Lifetime Of Freedom From Smoking. The group meets
for six 1-l/2-hour sessions. A questionnaire is given to par-
ticipants at the end of the program to evaluate the course and
facilitators. For more information on the Freedom From Smok-
ing manuals, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0047.  ARIZONA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 102 West
    McDowell Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85003.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Program For Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne A. Cahill, Program Associate
(602)258-7505.

Descrlptlon:

This pilot program, scheduled to begin in spring 1988, focuses
on pregnant smokers. Objectives include increasing the
knowledge of the consequences of smoking for the individual
and the effects of smoking on the fetus, promoting awareness
of alternative behaviors to smoking, and increasing the skills
needed for cessation and relapse prevention. Health educa-
tion materials related to maternal and child health will be
distributed. The course consists of five small group sessions
that last 1 and 112 hours each. The American Lung
Association's manual, Freedom From Smoking For You And
Your Baby, is used in the program.

0048.  ARIZONA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 102 West
    McDowell Road, Phoenlx, Arizona 85003.

Program Tttle:

SMOKEBUSTERS! In The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Patrice Quarg, Program Director
(602)258-7505.

Description:

The SMOKEBUSTERS! program can be conducted at the
worksite for companies that are interested in oifering the
course to their employees. Assistance in writing a company
smoking policy is available from the Arizona Lung Association.

0049.  COLORADO RIVER INDIAN TRIBES, Route 1,
   Box 23-B, Parker, Arizona 85344.

Program Title:
Smoking And Alcohol Abuse.

Contact:

Ms. Mona Fernandez, Administrative Director
(602)669-9211.

Descrlptlon:

This program determines the prevalence of tobacco and al-
cohol us0 in the 12- to 24-year-old age group by conducting a
random survey of the population. Individuals found to be at
high risk of alcohol or tobacco abuse are referred to aware-
ness groups, education groups, or treatment. Activities are
conducted to introduce problem solving, decision making,
coping, and communication skills. Outreach and intervention
activities also are conducted, including health education on
the benefits of decreasing the number of cigarettes smoked.
The younger population is exposed to prevention activities.
Participants are tracked from entry to referral to other program
components in order tdevaluate participation level, frequency
of participation, and involvement in referral components. Par-
ticipants are pre- and posttested to ascertain knowledge in-
crease. Personal profile data collected at intake is analyzed
at g-month intervals to evaluate any significant change or
improvement in behavior or attitude levels.

0050.  MARICOPA COUNTY DEPARTMENTOFHEALTH
    SERVICES, 1825 East Roosevelt, Phoenix,
     Arizona 85006.

Program Title:
Clinic-Based Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Christine Liberato, Chief, Bureau of Health Education
(602)258-6381.

Descrlptlon:

A one-time class is held for women attending county primary
care clinics for prenatal care. The class is scheduled once a
month, with routine followup and evaluation at 3-month, 6-
month, and l-year intervals. A strong emphasis is placed on
the effects of smoking on the unborn child and the prevention
of relapse.

0051.  MARICOPA COUNTY DEPARTMENTOFHEALM
   SERVICES, 1825 East Roosevelt, Phoenix,
     Arizona 85006.

Program ntre:

Worksite Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Christine Liberato, Chief, Bureau of Health Education
(602)258-6381.

Descrlptlon:

The health department developed this program for working
women aged 18 to 34 with high school education, a group
found to be most at risk for smoking. A one-time, 1 -hour class
on smoking cessation is offered in-house at a selected com-
pany. Participants may attend on company time. In addition to
the class, information on smoking and smoking cessation is
distributed and displayed throughout the program year.
Various smoking cessation self-helpmaterials and information
on smoking risks are distributed at the program kick-off event.
Motivational inserts are included with employee paychecks
before class meetir,gs and throughout the program year.

182


Posters on the risks of smoking are displayed on employee
bulletin boards throughout the worksite, and articles on smok-
ing and smoking cessation are printed and distributed via the
employee newsletter.

Contact:

Mr. Brick Lancaster, Chief
(602)230-5833.

Deecrlptlon:

0052.   OFFICE OF HEALTH PROMOTlON AND EDUCA-
    TION, ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
    SERVICES, 3008 North Third Street, Suite 103,
    Phoenix, Arizona 85012.

Arizona is planning to cooperate with eight other Rocky Moun-
tain States in establishing goals and projects for a tobacco-
free society during 1988.

Program Title:
Smokeless Tobacco.

0055.  PIMA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 888
    South Craycroft, Tucson, Arizona 85711.

Program Title:

Contact:                          Pregnant And Stop Smoking.

Jack Dillenberg, D.D.S., Chief, Office of Dental Health
(602)255-1866.

Contact:

Description:

Ms. Karen Fields, Community Nutrition Division
(602)745-6783.

This educational project was developed last year in coopera-
tion with the Qffice of Dental Heafth. The project provides
information and curriculum guides on smokeless tobacco to
schools and other groups by request.

Description:

0053.   OFFICE OF HEALTH PROMOTlON AND EDUCA-
    TION, ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
    SERVICES, 3008 North Thlrd Street, Suite 103,
    Phoenix, Arizona 85012.

Program Title:
Perinatal Care Program.

Pregnant And Stop Smoking is a grant-funded program that
has been in effect since the spring of 1986. The target
audience is low-income, minority, pregnant women who are
enrolled in the Women, Infants, and Children program. The
program's objective is to encourage these women to quit or
cut bade on their smoking habit. This goal is accomplished
through counseling; consumer literature, such as Quit Tip
handouts, in English and Spanish; and incentives, such as
T-shirts and refrigerator magnets for those who successfully
stop smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Lisa Hulette, Division of Family Health
(602)255-l 875.

0056.  PULMONARY ASSOCIATES, P-A., 1112 East
    McDowell Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85006.

Program Title:

Dsscrlptlon:

Quitting With Nicorette.

As part of this program, smoking assessment and referrals for
cessation classes are offered to clients.

Contact:

Bonnie Fahy, R.N., Program Coordinator
(602)258-4951.

00%.  OFFICE OF HEALTH PROMOTlON AND EDUCA-
   TION, ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
    SERVICES, 3008 North Thlrd Street, Suite 103,
    Phoanlx, Arizona 85012.

Dsscrlptlon:

Program Tltls:
Rocky Mountain Free Challenge.

The program involves six sessions with Ms. Fahy, a pul-
monary clinical nurse specialist, over a 3-month period. The
individualized sessions teach smoking avoidance techniques,
as well as proper dosage and use of Nicorette chewing gum.
The cost of the six sessions is approximately $175 and may
be covered by insurance. Anyone referred by a physician may
enter the program.

ARKANSAS

0057.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ARKANSAS
   DIVISION, INC., 5520 West Markham Street, Llttle
    Rock, Arkansas 72205.

Program Tltls:
FreshStart.

Contact:
Ms. Barbara Brill, Health Educator
(501)661-2207.

Description:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking

183


cessation clinic is available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0058.  ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 4815
    West Markham Street, Llttle Rock, Arkansas
     72201.

Program Title:

Health Department Activities.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Brill, Health Educator
(501)661-2207.

Description:

The Arkansas Department of Health trains instructors in the
smoking cessation program and conducts employee stop
smoking programs. Several of the activities are associated
with the American Cancer Society and its programs.

The Health Department's training program teaches volunteers
throughout the State to conduct the American Cancer
Society's FreshStart program. The training programs are
scheduled four to five times a year. Forty-seven professionals
employed by hospitals, businesses, YMCA% health main-
tenance organizations, and other facilities have been trained.

Other activities associated with the American Cancer Society
include program development and trainingforthe Smoke-Free
Young America 5-Year Plan. Educational programs for voca-
tional and technical students were part of this plan. Also, the
Great American Smokeout Campaign was promoted to par-
ticipants at the Third Annual State Health Education Con-
ference through an exhibit booth displaying buttons, stickers,
and quit guides.

Smoking cessation programs available at the Department of
Health include three smoking cessation clinics and one self-
help video smoking cessation program, Also, a variety of
pamphlets, booklets, and posters are provided upon request,
and health educators give presentations to schools, civic
groups, churches, and other interested groups.

0059.  SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH COM-
   MUNITY SERVICES, Fifth and Archer Street,
   Mammoth Spring, Arkansas 72554.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Polly Johnson or Ms. Lorraine Graham, Coordinators
(501)257-2159.

Descrlptlon:

The Seventh-Da Adventists' Nationally-implemented
program is offer ed! For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0060.  WHITE COUNTY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Post
    Office Box 809, Searcy, Arkansas 72143.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Roxie Troillett or Ms. Kathi Shores, Coordinators
(501)268-6121.

Description:
The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

CALIFORNIA

0061.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CALIFORNIA    0062.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, GREATER
   DIVISION, INC., BUTTE-GLENN-TEHAMA UNIT,       LOS ANGELES AFFILIATE, INC., 3550 Wilshire
    114 West Seventh Avenue, Chico, California       Boulevard, Fifth Floor, Los Angeles, Callfornla
     95926.                                   90010.

Program Title:                       Program Title:
FreshStart.                               Heart At Work.

Contact:                                   Contact:
Ms. Phyllis Bond, Executive Director              Ms. Annamarie Shaw, Program Coordinator
(916)342-4567.                         (213)385-4231.

Description:                        Description:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-   The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
tion clinic is offered at no cost to participants. For more   offered. For more information, see the detailed program
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.    description in Part 1,

184


0063.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, GREATER
    LOS ANGELES AFFILIATE, INC., 3550 Wllshlre
    Boulevard, Flfth Floor, Los Angeles, Callfornla
     90010.

Program Title:
Heartbeat 2010.

Contact:

Ms. Marilyn Cowan, Program Coordinator
(213)385-4231.

Description:

This is a computer software program for students in grade 5.
The program includes a tutorial describing short- and long-
term effects of smoking, and a simulation that allows students
to practice choosing not to smoke. A pre- and posttest is
administered to students to evaluate knowledge and skills
gained.

0064.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATfON, GREATER
    LOS ANGELES AFFILIATE, INC., 3550 Wilshire
    Boulevard, Fifth Floor, Los Angeles, Callfornla
     90010.

Program Title:

Rx Your Prescription For A Healthy Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Annamarie Shaw, Program Coordinator
(213)~~4231.

Descrlptlon:

Rx Your Prescription For A Healthy Heart is a plan for distribut-
ing materials to physicians' offices and their patients. The
smoking component includes a self-help cessation kit, Calling
It Quits, developed by the American Heart Association. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0065.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF ALAMEDA
   COUNTY, 295 27th Street, Oakland, Callfornla
    94612-3694.

Program Tltb:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Kris Hammar, Program Consultant
(415)893-5474.

Dsscrlptkn:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0066.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATfON OF ALAMEDA
   COUNTY, 295 27th Street, Oakbnd, Callfornla
     94612-3694.

Program ntie:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Kris Hammar, Program Consultant
(415)893-5474.

Dsscrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. A f.ee of $50 is charged to all participants
to cover material costs and instructors' salaries. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0067.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF ALAMEDA
    COUNTY, 295 27th Street, Oakland, California
    94612-3694.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics For Teens.

Contact:

Ms. Kris Hammar, Program Consultant
(415)893-5474.

Dsscrlptlon:

Freedom From Smoking For Teens, a new program based on
the American Lung Association adult program, is designed to
assist teen smokers in quitting. It is offered in high schools and
conducted by teachers or counselors who have been trained
by the American Lung Association. Students participate in 11
sessions and learn principles of behavior modification to stop
smoking. Videotapes, training manuals, and worksheets are
included.

0066.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF ALAMEDA
   COUNTY, 295 27th Street, Oakland, California
    94612-3694.

Program Mle:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics In The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Ellen O'Neill Creighton, Program Coordinator
(415)893-5474.

Descrlptlon:

Smoking cessation clinics and consultation on the develop-
ment and implementation of successful smoking policies are
offered to employers and employees at the worksite. Smokers'
behavioral changes are evaluated at the end of the clinics. For
more information, see the detailed program description in Part
1.

0069.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ALAMEDA
   COUNTY, 295 27th Street, Oakland, California
    94612-3894.

Program Mb:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

185


Contact:

Ms. Kris Hammar, Program Consultant
(415)893-5474.

Description:

This program is designed to encourage and assist pregnant
smokers in quitting smoking during pregnancy. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0070.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF CALIFOR-
   NIA, 424 Pendleton Way, Oakland, Callfornla
     94621.

Program Title:

Smoke-Free Family Programs.

Contact:

Ms. Sylvia Scarborough, Director, Community Health
(415)638-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The Freedom From Smoking programs are offered in the
workplace, in high schools, for the general public in the com-
munity, and for pregnant women in prenatal clinics. Also,
self-help materials are promoted through the media and during
presentations by guest speakers. New plans include em-
phasis on peer education for high school students. The
California State Office works with 19 affiliates to promote and
provide consultation on all programs offered in the State.

0071.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONTRA
    COSTA AND SOLANO COUNTIES, 105 Astrld
    Drive, Pleasant Hill, California 94523-4399.

Program Tltle:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Munn, Smoking Cessation Coordinator
(415)935-0472.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. A minimal fee is charged to all participants
in order to cover material costs and instructors' salaries. For
more information, see the detailed program description in Part
1.

0072.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONTRA
    COSTA AND SOLANO COUNTIES, 105 Astrid
   Drive, Pleasant Hill, California 94523-4303.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking In The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Munn, Smoking Cessation Coordinator
(415)935-0472.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At

Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0073.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONTRA
    COSTA AND SOLANO COUNTIES, 105 Astrid
    Drlve, Pleasant HIII, California 94523-4303.

Program Title:

Smoking Prevention And Wellness Promotion.

Contact:

Ms. Bernadeen Valdez, Program Director
(415)935-0472.

Description:

This program consists of a 1 -hour presentation using a variety
of visual aids and activities to help young people understand
the following concepts: 1) the joy and importance of good
health, with special reference to the respiratory system; 2) the
harmful effects of using chemical substances, particularly
tobacco (inhaling and chewing) and marijuana; 3) alternatives
to reasons why young people begin using harmful substances;
and 4) understanding peer pressure and ways to say no.
Training is available for parents and teachers.

0074.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   SACRAMENTO-EMIGRANT TRAILS, 909 12th
   Street, Sacramento, Callfornla 95814.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Cecilia Kleeberg, Program Coordinator
(916)444-5864.

Description:

The American Lung Association of Sacramento-Emigrant
Trails offers three year-round smoking cessation programs:
Freedom From Smoking clinics, Freedom From Smoking Self-
Help Manuals, or the In Control videotape. The smoking
cessation program also offers: 1) the development and im-
plementation of the nonsmoking policy; 2) workplace smoking
cessation orientations; 3) training for smoking cessation clinic
leaders; and 4) a broad spectrum of brochures and videos on
the health effects of smoking, especially for pregnant smokers
and teenagers.

0075.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF SAN
    FRANCISCO, 562 Mission Street, Suite 263, San
   Francisco, California 94105-2910.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Irene Rev&s-Chase, M.P.H., Program Associate
(415)543-4410.

Description:

The Freedom From Smoking programs are offered in the
workplace, in high schools, for the general public in the

186


community, and for pregnant women in prenatal clinics. Also,
&f-help materials are promoted through the media and during
presentations by guest speakers. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0076.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SANTA
    CLARA AND SAN BENITO COUNTIES, 1469 Park
    Avenue, San Jose, Callfornla 95126.

Program Title:
Ash Kickers Club.

Contact:

Ms. Margaret W. Leathers, Director of Programs
(408)998-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

Ex-smokers meet monthly in a support group atmosphere to
enjoy social activities, discussion, or speakers on relevant
topics. Members are also given the opportunity to help others
to stop smoking or remain abstinent.

0017.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SANTA
    CLARA AND SAN BENITO COUNTIES, 1469 Park
    Avenue, San Jose, Callfornla 95126.

Program Title:

CLASP - Counseling Leadership Against Smoking Pres-
sures.

Contact:
Ms. Margaret W. Leathers, Director of Programs
(408)998-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

This community-based project is aimed at young people in the
effort to prevent the onset of regular tobacco use in early
adolescence, teaching techniques to recognize and resist the
pressure to smoke. Using the concept of the adolescent peer
group and social modeling theory, the program empbys a
team of four to six high school students who visit each grade-7
classroom for one semester. Through the semester, a total of
four l-day sessions are presented, the first three at biweekly
intervals and the fourth session 2 to 3 weeks after the third
session. To evaluate the effectiveness of CLASP, two control
schools were used. Grade 7 was surveyed in September,
December, and June in all of the schools, and a carbon
monoxide breath test was administered to 50 percent of the
students to increase the reliability of the self-report measure.

0076.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SANTA
    CLARA AND SAN BENITO COUNTIES, 1469 Park
   Avenue, San Jose, Callfornla 95126.

Program Title:
Free Line.

Contact:

Ms. Margaret W. Leathers, Director of Programs
(408)QQ8-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

The Free Line is a hotline for people who wish to quit smoking.
Callers speak to volunteers who are ex-smokers and provide
inspirational and informative messages. A psychologist and
other resource staff are also on call.

0079.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SANTA
    CLARA AND SAN BENITO COUNTIES, 1469 Park
    Avenue, San Jose, Callfornla 95126.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Margaret W. Leathers, Director of Programs
(408)998-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0060.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SANTA
    CLARA AND SAN BENITO COUNTIES, 1469 Park
   Avenue, San Jose, Callfornla 95126.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Margaret W. Leathers, Director of Programs
(408)998-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

This program addresses the smoking and pregnancy problem
by educating medical personnel. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0081.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SUPERIOR
    CALIFORNIA, 2732A Cohasset Road, Chico,
    Callfornla 95926.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Jelke, Executive Director
(916)845-6864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
programs are offered. Literature and information on the
hazards of smoking and tobacco are also provided to in-
dividuals, schools, and other agencies. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0082.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF VENTURA
   COUNTY, Post Offlce Box 1627, Ventura,
    Callfornla 93002.1627.

187


Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Charlotte Hill, Program Coordinator
(805)643-2189.

Descrlptlon:
The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
Program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0083.  CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   SERVICES, 714 P Street, Sacramento, Callfornla
     95814.

Program Title:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Kris Hammer, Project Director
(415)893-5474.

Description:

Working in conjunction with the American Lung Association of
Oakland, the Department of Health developed this program to
increase the awareness of pregnant women who smoke on
the harmful effects of smoking on the unborn and to provide
assistance to women who want to stop smoking. A media
campaign includes radio public service announcements,
billboards, and distribution of literature through doctor&offices
and clinics. A second component includes physician and
support staff training to improve the counseling received from
the health care provider by the pregnant smoker during her
prenatal visits. Referrals to smoking cessation programs fol-
low counseling sessions. In addition, group classes, self-help
kits, and a self-paced videotape stop smoking program are
provided.

0084.  CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   SERVICES, NORTH COUNTY HEALTH SER-
   VICES, 714 P Street, Sacramento, Callfornla
     95814.

Program Title:

COHELP (Community Oriented Healthy Lifestyle Program).

Contact:

Ms. Shimon Camiel, Project Coordinator
(619)671-2100.

Description:

COHELP is part of the State's Health Education Risk Reduc-
tion Program. This six-session smoking cessation program
emphasizes positive decision making; understanding why
people smoke; identification of smoking triggers; use of alter-
native coping strategies; stress management through exer-
cise; assertiveness training and constructive thinking;
techniques for coping with withdrawal; use of interpersonal
and social support systems; and long-term maintenance
strategies. The outcome objectives expected for each year
are: 1) that 75 percent of the participants completing the
program, or 60 individuals, will have quit smoking by the end

of the program; 2) that 45 percent of this group will be off
cigarettes at the 3-month followup; and 3) that 25 percent of
those completing the smoking cessation program will maintain
cessation behaviors at the g-month followup.

0088.  CALIFORNIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   SERVICES, RIVERSIDE COUNTY HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 714 P Street, Sacramento,
    Callfornla 95814.

Program Title:
Health Yourself.

Contact:

Manzoor Massey, Ph.D., Project Director
(714)787-2781.

Deecrlptlon:

Smoking cessation classes are offered in four or seven ses-
sions with the goal that participants permanently quit or reduce
the number of cigarettes smoked. The American Cancer
Society and American Lung Association materials are used.
Two hundred people are expected to participate in the pro-
gram each year. The outcome objectives expected for each
year are: 1) that 70 percent of the participants completing the
program will have quit smoking by the end of the class; 2) that
60 percent of the quitters will be smoke-free at the 3-month
followup; and 3) that 80 percent of the 3-month smoke-free
participants will maintain cessation behaviors at the O-month
followup.

0086.  COLFAX SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH,
   Post Offlce Box 333, Colfax, Callfornia 95713.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Joyce Gray, Personal Ministries Leader
(916)346-8844.

Descrlptlon:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' smoking cessation program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0087.  COUNTY OF ORANGE HEALTH CARE AGENCY,
    PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL SERVICES, 515
   North Sycamore, Santa Ana, Callfornla 92701.

Program Title:

Smoking Risk Reduction.

Contact:

Ms. Molly Brenner, Program Coordinator
(714)834-8597.

Description:

Smoking cessation classes are offered to all county
employees, Each employee is given 1 hour free time for each
class. Classes are taught by staff trained by the American
Cancer Society. There is a materials fee of $7.

188


0088.  COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, HEALTH EDUCATfON SERVICES, 3575
   1 lth Street Mall, Rlverslde, Callfornla 92501.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Debbie Weems, Program Coordinator
(714)787-2781.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered to county employees and the general com-
munity. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0089.  COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, HEALTH EDUCATION SERVICES, 3575
   1 lth Street Mall, Rlverslde, Callfornla 92501.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Debbie Weems, Program Coordinator
(714)787-2781.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStan program is offered
to county employees and the general public. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0090.  COUNTY OF SANTA CRUZ HEALTH SERVICES
   AGENCY, 1080 Emellne Avenue, Post Offlce Box
   962, Santa Cruz, Callfornla 95061.

Program Title:
Smoking Pollution Control.

Contact:
Ms. Bernadette Zavala, Program Coordinator
(408)425-2511.

Descrlptlon:

The Smoking Pollution Control program is responsible for
public education about local smoking pollution control or-
dinances. The objectives of the program are to inform non-
smokers of their rights under local ordinances, assist affected
businesses in complying with ordinance requirements, and
assist the heafth officer with enforcement and complaint
resolution, These objectives are accomplished through
presentations to schools, businesses, and other community
groups; media efforts induding publicservice announcements
and radio, television, or newspaper interviews and articles;
information and referral; and distribution of printed materials.

The Smoking Education Coalition, sponsored by the local
American Cancer Society, American Heart Association, and
American Lung Association, was established to promote
adoption of smoking pollution control ordinances by local
cities, comprehensive school health education including
programs about smoking, and smoking cessation programs.

The Smoking Pollution Control program works closely with the
Smoking Education Coalition in accomplishing mutual goals.

0091.  COUNTY OFSHASTA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
   HEALTH, HEALTH SERVICES AGENCY, 2650
   Hospital Lane, Reddlng, California 96001.

Program Title:

Public Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Stephen J. Plank, M.D., Program Coordinator
(916)225-5591.

Descrlptlon:

A cessation clinic, using Nicorette as a major coping techni-
que, is available to the public. Other programs are also avail-
able in collaboration with the American Lung Association and
American Cancer Society.

0092.  COUNTY OF SHASTA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
   HEALTH, HEALTH SERVICES AGENCY, 2650
   Hospital Lane, Reddlng, Callfornla 96001.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation For County Employees.

Contact :

Stephen J. Plank, M.D., Program Coordinator
(916)225-5591.

Descrlptlon:

A smoking cessation program, using Nicorette as a major
coping technique, is available to all county employees. For
county employees who do not succeed with Nicorette, the
county pays 50 percent of the charges for more formal
programs.

0093.  COUNTY OF YOLO DEPARTMENT OF PUBUC
   HEALTH, HEALTH SERVICES AGENCY, 10 Cot-
   tonwood Street, Woodland, Callfornla 95695.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Michele Ouillin, Program Coordinator
(916)666-8648.

Descflptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
twice a year to county employees. The program is presented
in five 1 -l&hour sessions, The FreshStart program is supple-
mented with the videotape "We Can't Go On Like This" and
guest speakers. For more information on FreshStart, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0084.  MARIN GENERAL HOSPITAL, 250 Bon Alr Road,
   Greenbrae, Callfornla 94904.

189


Program This:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Marlene Holland, Director of Education and Health
Promotion
(415)925-7450.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed bythe National Centerfor Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for
cessation; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0095.  MEMORIAL MEDICAL CENTER, 1700 Coffee
    Road, Modesto, Csllfornla 95355.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Mr. Chuck Cipponeri, Program Coordinator
(209)525-4500 ext.6681.

Descrlptlon:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for
cessation; and Phase Ill provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0096.  MERCY HOSPITAL HEALTH PROMOTION, 2740
   M Street, Mercsd, Callfornla 95340.

Program Title:
Seff Psych Hypnosis.

Contact:

Ms. Jerri Randrup, Program Coordinator
(209)384-6528.

Description:

Learning the secret of Self Psych Hypnosis, as taught by
hypnotist Jim Hoke, is accomplished in one session. For the
$70 fee, each participant receives an instruction sheet, a
two-sided cassette tape (used during setf hypnosis), and a
2-l/2-hour group session that includes three hypnotic induc-
tions with Jim Hoke. Sessions are positive and upbeat, and
relaxation is a key during the group hypnosis. Mr. Hoke has a
high success rate in helping people become ex-smokers, but
freely admits that each person quits on his or her own. Spon-
sored by the American Lung Association of Central California
and Mercy Hospital, Self Psych Hypnosis is available every 4
months.

0097.  MONTEREY COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    EMPLOYEE HEALTH PROMOTION, 1270
   Natlvidad Road, Sallnas, Californla 93906.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Linda McGlone, Program Coordinator
(408)757-1061.

Dsscrlptlon:

Activities include contests, the American Cancer Society's
FreshStart program, the Stanford Heart Disease Prevention's
Quit Smoking program, and guided setf-help sessions.

0098.  PALO ALTO MEDICAL FOUNDATION, 385 Homer
    Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94301.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Cynthia Schultz, M.A., Director of Health Education
(415)853-2960.

Descrlptlon:

This small group program includes: preparation for quitting by
identifying Individual smoking patterns and reasons for smok-
ing; problem solving to recognize situations that trigger smok-
in  and to develop afternative behaviors; smoke-holding, a
%
ml  aversion technique; learning to cope with n "a ative feel-
ings without the use of cigarettes; relaxation met ods, such
as deep breathing, imagery, and seff-hypnosis; group discus-
sion, which encoura
mutual support; an 8 es the sharing of problems and promotes
        development of strategies for long-term

maintenance. Nicorette urn may be used by participants with
physician approval. Eva uation includes participant feedback
      B
at the end of the program and telephone followup at 6 months
and 1 year.

0099.  SAINT JOHN'S HOSPITAL AND HEALTH CEN-
   TER, 1328 22nd Street, Santa Monica, California
     90404.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Michele Bonant, M.P.H., Coordinator
(213)829-8443.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0100.  SAINT JOHN'S HOSPITAL AND HEALTH CEN-
   TER, 1328 22nd Street, Santa Monica, Callfornia
     90404.

Program Title:

Individualized Smoking Cessation Counseling.

Contact:

Patricia Wuertzer, R.N., M.S.N., Coordinator
(213)315-6100.

190


Description:

Counseling for adult smokers, including cardiac, pulmonary,
and cancer patients, is offered on an individual basis. The
American Lung Association's booklet, Freedom From Smok-
ing In 20 Days, is utilized as a guide for behavior change.
Counseling sessions are scheduled as needed to facilitate the
desired change in lifestyle.

0101.  SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTlST CHURCH, 2222 East
   Olive Avenue, Merced, Callfornla 95340.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Richard Kelley, Pastor
(209)383-4449.

Description:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' cessation program is offered.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Pan 1.

0102.  SIMI VALLEY ADVENTISTHOSPITAL, 2975 North
   Sycamore Drlve, Slml Valley, Callfornla 93065.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Bob Stotz, Program Coordinator
(805)527-2462.

Description:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' cessation program is offered.
This program also relies on materials developed by the
American Cancer Society and the American Lung
Association. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0103.  SOLANO COMMUNITY COLLEGE COMMUNITY
   SERVICES, 4999 Sulsun Valley Road, Sulsun
   Ctty, Csllfornis 94585.

Program Title:
Helping Smokers Quit.

Contact:

Ms. Chriitina March, Director
(707)864-7115.

Descrlptfon:

This program, held at Kaiser Hospital, is based on a 4-week,
16-hour group interaction approach to smoking cessation. The
class prepares smokers to quit by encouraging each par-
ticipant to examine smoking behavior, rethink problems,
define motives for quitting, try different solutions, and recog-
nize the ability to quit. The program, held twice weekly for 4
weeks, is divided into three phases: self-appraisal and under-
standing of the techniques of quitting smoking; adjustment to
the idea of quitting with an experimental 2 days off, relying

heavily on group support, and reappraisal; and development
of a plan to stay off cigarettes. Materials and films are donated
by the Solano County Unit of the American Cancer Society.

0184.  SOLANO COMMUNITY COLLEGE COMMUNITY
   SERVICES, 4000 Sulsun Valley Road, Suisun
   Clty, Californla 94585.

Program Title:

Quit Smoking Clinic With Hypnosis.

Contact:

Ms. Christina March, Director
(707)864-7115.

Descrlptlon:

The Quit Smoking Clinic consists of 3 weekly sessions cover-
ing preparation, cessation, and reinforcement techniques.
Light forms of hypnosis are used in the workshop. The par-
ticipant is led through relaxation exercises and given hypnotic
suggestions to ensure his or her success. The clinic cost for
each participant is $45, which includes a Quit Smoking Kit.
This program is limited to 25 participants.

0105.  SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA PERMANENTE MEDI-
   CAL GROUP, 4747 Sunset Boulevard, 2nd Floor,
   Los Angeles, California 90027.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Susan Hook, M.S., Program Consultant
(213)667-6867.

Descrlptlon:

A smoking cessation program of 8 weekly meetings is con-
ducted to help participants break the smoking habit as com-
fortably as possible. A positive orientation is adopted that
helps clients handle their stress in a healthy manner. The
program incorporates positive cognitions, general activity,
exercise and relaxation techniques, and alternatives to smok-
ing. Emphasis is placed on change in self-concept from
smoker to nonsmoker, assertiveness, and effective conflict
resolution. At a patient's option and with his or her physician's
prescription, Nicorette may be used. Pamphlets prepared by
the staff, the American Heart Association, and the American
Cancer Society help participants understand what they must
doto kickthe habit permanently. There is afee forthe program
and nonmembers as well as members may participate.

0106.  STANISLAUS COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
   PUBLIC HEALTH, 820 Scenic Drive, Modesto,
    California 95350.

Program Tftle:
Keep The Beat And Say No To Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Dorene McDonald, Program Coordinator
(209)571-5341.

191


Description:

This is a cross-grade peer education program utilizing stu-
dents in grade 7 to provide a 2-day (1 hour each day) educa-
tional program for grade-6 students. The peer educators are
trained and divided into teams. Each team provides ap-
proximately four to six presentations at their feeder schools.
This program runs through the school year; each year
approximately 80 peer educators contact 15,000 students.

0107.  WOODLAND MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, NATlONAL
   CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION, 1325 Cot-
   tonwood Street, Woodland, Callfornla 95697.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Lorie Cullum, Director
(916)661-3961 ext.501.

Descrlptlon:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for
cessation; and Phase Ill provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

COLOFIADO

0108.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY COLORADO
   DIVISION, INC., 2255 South Oneida, Denver,
    Colorado 80224.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Jennifer Scott, Public Education Director
(303)758-2030.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking
cessation clir,ic is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0109.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY COLORADO
   DIVISION, INC., 2255 South Oneida, Denver,
    Colorado 80224.

Program ntle:
Taking Control.

Contact:

Ms. Jennifer Scott, Public Education Director
(303)758-2030.

Description:

The newest prevention-oriented program for the American
Cancer Society is titled Taking Control and focuses on life-
style, nutriiion, and environment. Taking Control covers nega-
tive lifestyle habits such as tobacco use, sun exposure, and
occupational hazards.

0110.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   COLORADO, FLATIRONS/NORM REGION, 1000
   Alpine Avenue, Suite 290, Boulder, Colorado
    80302.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Hutchinson, Program Director
(303)442-8205.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0111.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   COLORADO, DENVER METRO REGION/STATE
   OFFICE, 1600 Race Street, Denver, Colorado
     80206.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle McCardless, Program Director
(303)388-4327.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0112.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   COLORADO, PIKES PEAK REGION, 999 North
   Cascade Avenue, Colorado Springs, Colorado
     80903.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Doris Ralston, Program Director
(303)635-2564.

Descrlitlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

192


0113.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    COLORADO, SOUTH REGION, 119 West 6th
    Street, Suite 100, Pueblo, Colorado 81003.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Tony Marostica, Program Director
(303)543-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0114.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    COLORADO, WEST REGION, 359 Main Street,
    Grand Junction, Colorado 81501.

Program Tftle:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Dot Hoskin, Program Director
(303)245-2120.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0115.  COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 4210
    East 11 th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80220.

Program MM:
Colorado Cancer Control.

Contact:
Ed DeAntoni, Ph.D., Director
(303)331-8288.

Description:

The objective of the Cancer Control program is to identify
variables related to successful worksite smoking cessation
programs. Cancer Control establishes smoking cessation
programs in a variety of State government agencies and
evaluates each according to a predesigned research and
evaluation model. Based upon these findings, the program will
then promote smoking policy development and cessation
programs for the worksite in the private sector and among
other public-sector employers.

Thecessation methodology utilizes EASE (Employer Assisted
Smoking Elimination) developed by the American Lung As-
sociation of Eastern Missouri. The evaluation criteria to
measure program impact indude the number of cessation
programs established, quit rates, and prevalence rate chan-
ges within participating agencies versus nonparticipating
agencies.

The objectives of the Smoking Prevention program are to
determine the variables that encourage and discourage

smoking and the use of other tobacco products among
Colorado youth and to design, implement, and evaluate inter-
ventions focusing on those variables. The program identifies
and evaluates existing school smoke-free policies and
prevention and cessation programs and subsequently
promotes the establishment of proven models among
Colorado schooldistricts. The program consults with the Drug-
Free Schools Program (Colorado Department of Education).
Evaluation criteria include number of programs established,
prevention and cessation program effectiveness, and
prevalence rate changes.

0116.  COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 4210
    East 11th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80220.

Program Title:

Colorado Low Birthweight Prevention Project.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Salas, LBW Coordinator
(303)331-6572.

Description:

The project objective is to develop strategies for reducing the
incidence of low birthweight (LBW). The project funds prenatal
counselors in four local public health prenatal programs to
assist women in reducing risk taking behaviors. The target
population includes women who smoke, use alcohol, are
severely anemic, or are gaining weight inadequately. Ap-
proximately 50 percent of the women using State-funded
prenatal clinics are at risk of LBW due to these preventable
risks. The project also educates women using State-funded
family planning services regarding the importance of quitting
smoking and alcohol use in order to reduce the risk of LBW.

0117.  COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 4210
    East 11 th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80220.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation In Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Salas, LBW Coordinator
(303)331-6572.

Descrlptlon:

The institutional objective of this program is to work through
cooperative agreement with the Centers for Disease Control
in developing smoking cessation methods that can be in-
tegrated into prenatal and Women, Infants, and ChiMren
(WIG) program services offered by existing staff. In providing
smoking cessation and maintenance of cessation assistance
to prenatal smokers, approximately 17 percent of the women
who were smoking at the time of prenatal and WIC enrollment
are expected to quit smoking during pregnancy. Among
women who receive maintenance assistance following quit-
ting smoking either before or after enrollment, 50 percent are
expected to maintain their cessation through 6 weeks post
panum.

0118.  COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 4210
    East 11 th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80220.

193


Program Tltie:

State Employee Risk Reduction Program.

Contact:
Ms. Jane Priizl, Director
(303)331-8233.

Deeoriptlon:

This program is designed to encourage and facilitate the
development of worksite risk reduction efforts for State
employees and to provide an incentive for the elimination of
one of its most costly (in human and economic terms) health
behaviors, i.e., smoking.

Objectives for this program include: 1) the implementation of
a differential insurance rate favoring nonsmokers; 2) the es-
tablishment of a consortium of State agencies that meet
regularly to develop worksite risk reduction activities for State
employees; and 3) the distribution of and assistance with the
administration of health risk appraisals for State employees.

0119.  EL PASO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 501
   North Foote Avenue, Colorado Springs,
     Colorado 899094598.

Program Titk:

The Colorado Springs Smoking Ordinance.

Contact:

Mr. James Easton, Program Director
(303)578-3137.

Deecrlption:

To support the Colorado Springs Smoking Ordinance, presen-
tations are available, upon request, to civic groups, industry,
manufacturing, and food service establishments. The program
is a lecture presentation, currently without graphics, that seeks
to inform selected audiences about how the ordinance con-
trols tobacco smoke in work and public places. It describes
how the ordinance affects work and public places in terms of
signage, work practices, and policies. Informal evaluation is
conducted through monitoring subsequent compliance and
complaint frequency.

0129  EL PASO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 501
   North Foote Avenue, Colorado Sprlngs,
    Colorado 80909-4598.

Program Title:

Smoking And Your Health.

Contact:

Ms. Julie Castle, Program Coordinator
(303)578-3108.

Description:
The Smoking And Your Health program is presented, on
request, to schools, community agencies, and individuals. The
presentation is modified for the target audience and varies in
length from 30 to 55 minutes. It is a prevention program, using
audiovisuals from the media library and the American Cancer
Society, Focus is on the health hazards of tobacco and

reasons not to use any kind of tobacco, the benefits of quitting,
and quitting tips.

0121.  JEFFERSON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    260 South Kipling Street, Lakewood, Colorado
     88228.

Program Tftle:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Angela Tinnes, R.N., Program Coordinator
(303)232-6301 ext.224.

Deaorlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are available to the general public and maternity clinic
prenatal patients twice a year. Handouts and films are
provided by the American Lung Association. For more infor-
mation, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0122.  PORTER MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 2525 South
    Downlng Street, Denver, Colorado 80210.

Program Tttie:

Porter Stop-Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. Steve Gomes, Program Coordinator
(303)778-5778.

Deecrlptlon:

The Heatth Promotion Center presents a 6-day stop-smoking
program every month. Each of the six classes involves films
and presentations. The core of this program is an extensive
group of behavior change skills designed to bring about a
deep-seated change of feelings as well as nonsmoking be-
havior. Followup meetings are held every month. Recently, a
2-year evaluation of this program was conducted, using
thiocyanate to determine smoking status.

0123.   PUEBLO CITY-COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, 151 Central Main Street, Pueblo, Colorado-
     81003-4297.

Program ntle:
Smoking Education.

Contact:

Mr. Dan Otoupalik, Program Director
(303)544-8376.

Description:

The Health Education Division, in conjunction with the local
American Lung Association, helps sponsor and coordinate-
such activities as school health fairs, school classroom
presentations on smoking prevention, and smoking clinics.

0124.  WEBB-WARING LUNG INSTITUTE, University of
    Colorado Health Science Center, 4200 East Ninth
   Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262.

194


Program Title:
Cigfinale Training And Education Program.

Contact:
Louise M. Nett, R.N., R.R.T., Pulmonary Program Specialist
(303)270-8231.

Descrlptlon:
The major focus of this resource and education program is the
training of health professionals in smoking cessation techni-
ques. Integrating a smoking cessation message into usual
practice is the theme of the program. Teaching kits for the
health professionals to use with their patients are being

developed. Health professionals are encouraged to use
biological tests to motivate smokers to consider quitting.

The center serves as a local and National resource in smoking
cessation education. A monthly newsletter with a column on
smoking is published for physicians. A l-week continuing
education program covering all topics relating to smoking
cessation is offered. Also, local and regional lday programs
covering the role of the health professional in smoking cessa-
tion are offered. A tobacco museum is maintained to teach
health professionals about paraphernalia used in consump-
tion of tobacco. The center also offers direct public education
programs and does clinical research with smokers.

CONNECTICUT

0125.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Danbury Unlt Offlce, 57 James
   Street, Danbury, Connecticut 06810.

Contact:

Mr. Bill Finch, Executive Director
(203)748-2803.

Program Title:                        Descrlptlon:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

Mr. Bill Finch, Executive Director
(203)748-2803.

Description:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. R is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0128.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
    DIVISION, INC., Danbury Unit Offlce, 57 James
   Street, Danbury, Connecticut 06810.

Program We:

Smoking .4nd Pregnant Women.

0126.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Danbury Unit Office, 57 James
    Street, Danbury, Connecticut 06810.

Contact:

Mr. Bill Finch, Executive Director
(203)748-2803.

Program Title:

Descrlptlon:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

Contact:

Mr. Bill Finch, Executive Director
(203)748-2803.

Descrlptfon:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0129.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTfCUT
    DIVISION, INC., Eastern Fairfield County Unit
   Office, 16 Sherman Court, Falrfleld, Connecticut
     06436.

Program Tftle:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

0127.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Danbury Unlt Offlce, 57 James
   Street, Danbury, Connecticut 06810.

Ms. Suzanne Hiatt, Executive Director
(203)259-2203.

Descrlptlon:

Program lltle:
FreshStart.

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. tt is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

195


0130.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Eastern Fairfleld County Unlt
   Office, 16 Sherman Court, Fairfield, Connecticut
     06430.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Suzanne Hiatt, Executive Director
(203)259-2203.

Descrlptlon:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0131.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
    DIVISION, INC., Eastern Falrfleld County Unlt
    Offlce, 16 Sherman Court, Falrfleid, Connecticut
     06430.

Program me:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Suzanne Hiatt, Executive Director
(203)259-2203.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0132.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Eastern Falrfleid County Unlt
   Offlce, 16 Sherman Court, Falrfleld, Connecticut
    06430.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Suzanne Hiatt, Executive Director
(203)259-2203.

Descrlptlon:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0133.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Greater Hartford Unit Office, 670
   Prospect Avenue, Hartford, Connecticut 06105.

Program Title:
Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Jo Cicchetti, Executive Director
(203)233-9691.

Description:
A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered, It is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0134.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
    DIVISION, INC., Greater Hartford Unit Offlce, 670
    Prospect Avenue, Hartford, Connecticut 06105.

Program Tltie:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Maty Jo Cicchetti, Executive Director
(203)233-9691.

Description:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0135.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
    DIVISION, INC., Greater Hartford Unit Off Ice, 670
    Prospect Avenue, Hartford, Connecticut 06105.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Jo Ciihetti, Executive Director
(203)233-9691.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0136.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT-
    DIVISION, INC., Greater Hartford Unit Office, 670
   Prosplfct Avenue, Hartford, Connecticut 06105.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Jo Cicchetti, Executive Director
(203)233-9691.

Descrlptlon:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0137.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Greenwich Health Association,
    189 Mason Street, Greenwich, Connecticut
     06830.

Program Title:
Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

196


.

Contact:

Mr. Peter Flierl, Executive Director
(203)643-2168.

Descrlptlon:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. It is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0138.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTKUT
   DIVISION, INC., Greenwich Health Association,
   189 Mason Street, Greenwich, Connecticut
     06830.

Program ntle:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Peter Flierl, Executive Director
(203)643-2168.

Description:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0139.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Greenwich Health Association,
   189 Mason Street, Greenwich, Connecticut
    06830.

Program Tltie:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Peter Flierl, Executive Director
(203)643-2168.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0146.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Greenwich Health Association,
   189 Mason Street, Greenwich, Connecticut
     06630.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Mr. Peter Flierl, Executive Director
(203)643-2168.

Description:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

197

0141.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Manchester Unit Office, 243 East
   Center Street, Manchester, Connecticut 06040.

Program ntie:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Gertrude Sutcliffe, Executive Director
(203)869-0200.

Descrlptlon:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. lt is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0142.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Manchester Unit Office, 243 East
   Center Street, Manchester, Connecticut 06040.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Gertrude Sutcliffe, Executive Director
(203)869-0200.

Description:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0143.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Manchester Unit Office, 243 East
   Center Street, Manchester, Connecticut 06040.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Gertrude Sutcliffe, Executive Director
(203)869-0200.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0144.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTKUT
   DIVISION, INC., Manchester Unit Office, 243 East
   Center Street, Manchester, Connectlcut 06040.

Program ntie:
Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Gertrude Sutcliffe. Executive Director
(203)869-0200.


Descrlptlon:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two P-hour sessions.

0145.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
    DIVISION, INC., Middlewx/Merlden/WaIiingford
    Unff Office, Route 66, Meriden Road, Mlddletown,
     Connecticut 06457.

Program Tltle:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Catherine Mantilla, Executive Director
(203)235-4439.

Description:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. It is scheduled over four P-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0146.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
    DIVISION, INC., MlddlesexMeridenM!aillngford
    Unit Office, Route 66, Merlden Road, Middletown,
     Connecticut 96457.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Catherine Mantilla, Executive Director
(203)235-4439.

Descrlptlon:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0147.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTiCUT
    DIVISION, INC., Mlddlesex/MerIdenMlailingford
    Unit Office, Route 66, Merlden Road, Middletown,
     Connecticut 06457.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Catherine Mantilla, Executive Director
(203)235-4439.

Descfiptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0148.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., MlddiesexMerldenMIallingford
   Unlt Offlce, Route 66, Merlden Road, Middletown,
    Connecticut 06457.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Catherine Mantilla, Executive Director
(203)235-4439.

Descrlptbn:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0149.  AMERICAW CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
    DIVISION, INC., New Brltaln Unit Offlce, 80 Whlt-
    Ing Street, Plalnville, Connecticut 06062.

Program Title:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Francine Lachance, Executive Director
(203)793-0203.

Descrlptlon:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. A is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0150.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
    DIVISION, INC., New Brltaln Unit Office, 80 Whit-
    Ing Street, Piainvllle, Connecticut 06062.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Francine Lachance, Executive Director
(203)793-0203.

Description:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0151.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
    DIVISION, INC., New Britain Unit Offlce, 80 Whit;
    lng Street, Plainvllle, Connecticut 06062.

Program ntk
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Francine Lachance, Executive Director
(203)793-0203.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is Of-
fered, For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

198


0152.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., New Britain Unit Offlce, 80 Whlt-
   Ing Street, Plalnvllle, Connecticut 06062.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Francine Lachance, Executive Director
(203)793-0203.

Description:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0153.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., New London Unit Office, 120
   Broad Street, New London, Connecticut 06320.

Program Title:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Anne Smith, Executive Director
(203)477-1478.

Description:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. It is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0154.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., New London Unlt Office, 120
   Broad Street, New London, Connecticut 06320.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Anne Smith, Executive Director
(203)477-1478.

Description:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0155.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., New London Unit Offlce, 120
   Broad Street, New London, Connecticut 06320.

Program Tltk:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Anne Smith, Executive Director
(203)477-l 478.

Descrlptlon:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program descrip-
tion in Part 1.

0156.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., New London Unit Office, 120
   Broad Street, New London, Connecticut 06320.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Anne Smith, Executive Director
(203)477-1478.

Description:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0157.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Northwestern Unit Office, 8
   Church Street, Torrlngton, Connecticut 06790.

Program ntle:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Helen Bunnell, Executive Director
(203)482-8576.

Descrlptlon:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. tt is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0158.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Northwestern Unit Office, 8
   Church Street, Torrlngton, Connecticut 06790.

Program Title:
Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Helen Bunnell, Executive Director
(203)482-8576.

Descrlptlon:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking, The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two e-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0159.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Northwestern Unit Office, 8
   Church Street, Torrlngton, Connecticut 06790.

199


Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Helen Bunnell, Executive Director
(203)482-8576.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0168.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Northwestern Unlt Offlce, 8
   Church Street, Torrlngton, Connecticut 06790.

Program Mle:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Helen Bunnell, Executive Director
(203)482-8576.

Description:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0161.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., NorwichlQulnebaug Unit Office,
   115 Lafayette Street, Norwich, Connecticut
     06368.

Program Title:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Gilpin, Executive Director
(203)887-2547.

Descrlptlon:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. It is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0162.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., NomichlQulnebaug Unlt Office,
   115 Lafayette Street, Norwich, Connecticut
     06368.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Gilpin, Executive Director
(203)887-2547.

Description:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0163.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., NorwlchlQulnebaug Unlt Offlce-
   115 Lafayette Street, Norwich, Connecticut
     06360.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Gilpin, Executive Director
(203)887-2547.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of--
fered. For more information, see the detailed program descrip-m
tion in Part 1.

0164.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
    DIVISION, INC., NorwlchlQulnebaug Unit Office;
    115 Lafayette Street, Norwich, Connecticut
    0636u.

Program Tttle:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Gilpin, Executive Director
(203)887-2547.

Description:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0165.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUl
    DIVISION, INC., South Central Unlt Office, 8 Lunar
    Drlve, Woodbridge, Connecticut 06525.

Program Title:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Debra Stout, Executive Director
(203)389-5324.

Description:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instruct0
is offered. it is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eigh
1 -hour sessions.

0166.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECllCUl
    DIVISION, INC.,South Central Unit Office, 8 Lunar
   Drive, Woodbridge, Connecticut 06525.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Debra Stout, Executive Director
(203)389-5324.

Descrlptlon:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in grout

200


participation activities and receive educational information on
the hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0167.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., South Central Unlt Office,8 Lunar
   Drive, Woodbrldge, Connecticut 06525.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Debra Stout, Executive Director
(203)389-5324.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0168.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., South Central Unit Office,8 Lunar
   Drlve, Woodbrldge, Connecticut 06525.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Debra Stout, Executive Director
(203)389-5324.

Description:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0169.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Southern Fairfleld Unit Office,
   Landmark Square, 5 Brook Street, Norwalk,
    Connecticut 06852.

Program Title:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra Sadie, Public Education Director
(203)853-0100.

Description:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. It is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0170.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Southern Fairfleld Unit Office,
   Landmark Square, 5 Brook Street, Norwalk,
    Connecticut 86852.

Program Title:
Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra Sadie, Public Education Director
(203)853-0100.

Description:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0171.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Southern Fairfleld Unit Office,
   Landmark Square, 5 Brook Street, Norwalk,
     Connecticut 06852.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra Sadie, Public Education Director
(203)853-0100.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0172.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
    DIVISION, INC., Southern FaIrfIeld Unit Office,
   Landmark Square, 5 Brook Street, Norwalk,
    Connecticut 06852.

Program Title:
Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra Sadie, Public Education Director
(203)8!53-0100.

Description:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0173.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Greater Waterbury Unit Offlce,
   155 Grove Street, Waterbury, Connecticut 06710.

Program Title:
Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Hein, Executive Director
(203)756-8888.

Description:

A guided group self-help program led by a trained instructor
is offered. A is scheduled over four a-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

201


0174.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Greater Waterbury Unit Office,
   155 Grove Street, Waterbury, Connecticut 06710.

Program Title:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Hein, Executive Director
(203)756-8688.

Descrlptlon:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two e-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0175.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
    DIVISION, INC., Greater Waterbury Unit Office,
    155 Grove Street, Waterbury, Connectkut 06710.

Program Mle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Hein, Executive Director
(203)756-8888.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0176.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
    DIVISION, INC., Greater Waterbury Unit Office,
    155 Grove Street, Waterbury, Connecticut 06710.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Hein, Executive Director
(203)756-8888.

Description:

Ths risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0177.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Wlndham Unlt Office, 29 lvanhlll
   Street, Willlmantk, Connectkut 06226.

Program Title:

Connecticut Division Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Volkmann, Executive Director
(203)423-2589.

Descrlptlon:

A guided group setf-help program led by a trained facilitator is

offered. R is scheduled over four 2-hour sessions or eight
1 -hour sessions.

0178.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Wind ham Unlt Off Ice, 29 Ivan hill
    Street, Wllllmantlc, Connecticut 06226.

Program lltle:

Don't Get Hooked On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Voikmann, Executive Director
(203)423-2589.

Descrlptlon:

Young people aged 9 to 18 become involved in group par-
ticipation activities and receive educational information on the
hazards of smoking. The program is designed for use by
schools and other groups and is scheduled over two 2-hour
sessions or four 1 -hour sessions.

0179.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTlCUT
   DIVISION, INC., Wlndham Unit Office, 29 lvanhill
    Street, Wllllmantk, Connectkut 06226.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Volkmann, Executive Director
(203)423-2589.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart cessation pro-
gram is offered. For more information, see the detailed pro-
gram description in Part 1.

0180.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, CONNECTICUT
   DIVISION, INC., Windham Unit Office, 29 lvanhill
    Street, Wlllimantk, Connecticut 06226.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Volkmann, Executive Director
(203)423-2589.

Descrlptlon:

The risks of smoking during pregnancy are presented to
pregnant women during two 2-hour sessions.

0181.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, CONNEC-
   TICUT AFFILIATE, 71 Parker Avenue, Merlden,
    Connecticut 06540.

Program Title:
Let's Talk About Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Biederman, Program Coordinator
(203)634-4532.

202


Descrlptlon:

A 13-minute film with teacher's guide for students in grade 7
is available. Film includes peers talking about smokrng and
not smoking.

0182.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, CONNEC
   TlCUT AFFILIATE, 71 Parker Avenue, Merlden,
     Connecticut 06546.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Biederman, Program Coordinator
(203)634-4532.

Descrlptlon:

This program involves a series of activities to promote non-
smokin among junior and senior high school students. For
3
more rn ormation, see the program description in Part 1.

0183.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, CONNEC-
   TfCUT AFFILIATE, 71 Parker Avenue, Merlden,
     Connecticut 06450.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation - Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Biederman, Program Coordinator
(203)634-4532.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's self-help smokin  cessa-
tion program is used and pamphlets are distributed. P or more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0184.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONNEC
   TlCUT, 46 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
     06168.

Program Title:
Audiovisual Library.

Contact:

Mr. Richard F. Straub, Director, Smoking and Health
$$F%i401.

Deacrlptlon:

The American Lung Association of Connecticut makes avail-
able a library of 20 to 25 different films that target different age
groups, on the subject of lung disease, air conservatron, and
cigarette smoking.

0165.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONNEC
   TICUT, 45 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
     06168.

Program Title:
Biomonftoring.

Contact:

Ms. Lori A. Tatsapaugh, Director, Community Health
Programs
(203)289-5401.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered to students in grades 7 to 9. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0186.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATfON OF CONNEC-
   TICUT, 46 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
     06168.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Richard F. Straub, Director, Smoking and Health
Programs
(203)777-6821.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered to individuals and to corporations for
worksite wellness programs. A minimal fee is charged to all
participants in order to cover material costs and instructors'
salaries. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0187.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONNEC-
   TICUT, 45 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
     06168.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Series.

Contact:

Ms. Monica Lord, Program Associate
(203)289-5401.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
seff-help series is offered at a cost of $7 each. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0188.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATfON OF CONNEC
   TlCUT, 45 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
    06106.

Program ntle:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Monica Lord, Program Associate
(203)289-5401.

203


Descrlptlon:
In Control, a smoking cessation videocassette program, is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0189.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF CONNEC-
    TICUT, 45 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
    06168.

Program ntle:

Lung Health Curriculum (Grades K-6).

Contact:

Ms. Lori A. Tatsapaugh, Director, Community Health
Programs
(203)289-5401.

Description:

This program offers a comprehensive and sequential lung
health curriculum, packaged for individual grade levels.
Educators are supplied with information and easy-to-follow
lesson plans to incorporate this material into the existing
school health curriculum. Each kit contains the following
items: 1) a teacher's guide with detailed lesson plans, teacher
background information sheets and optional activities; 2) spirit
masters comprising enrichment activities for each lesson; 3)
posters designed for use as either bulletin board displays or
visual aids; and 4) student booklets (25 in each kit), geared to
the reading level of each grade, to reinforce lessons.

0190.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONNEG
    TlCUT, 45 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
    06198.

Program Title:

Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Lori A. Tatsapaugh, Director, Community Health
Programs
(203)289-5401.

Descrlptlon:

This program, designed for children ages 9 to 11, emphasizes
the skills kids can use in resisting peer pressure to experiment
with marijuana and other drugs. For more information, s88 the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0191.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CONNEC-
   TICUT, 45 Ash Street, East Hartford, Connecticut
     06108.

Program ntle:

Nursery School Activity Box.

Contact:

Ms. Lori A. Tatsapaugh, Director, Community Health
Programs
(203)289-5401~

Description:

The American Lung Association of Connecticut has produced

a Nursery School Activity Box designed to aid young children
in the development of positive health habits. The kit contains:
1) a teacher's guide with detailed l8sson plans, including a
hand puppet named Sammy the Snake who tells about the
harmful effects of Suffocating Smoke; 2) activities such as a
coloring book and an innovative and colorful bingo game that
leads children to a discussion of healthy habits and also
teaches the universal no-smoking symbol; and 3) take-home
material for parents concerning secondhand smoke, choking,
and childhood respiratory diseases.

0192.  COMMUNJTY HEALTH CARE CENTER PLAN,
   INC., 150 Sargent Drlve, New Haven, Connecticut
     06511.

Program Title:
Free And Clear.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Katz, Health Education Coordinator
(203)787-3141 ext.363.

Description:

Pamphlets on smoking produced by the American Lung As-
sociation are distributed. Monthly classes are offered.
Audiovisual loan programs are available. Consultation on
industrial smoking policies is offered.

0193.   CONNECTICUT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
    SERVICES, OFFICE OF HEALTH EDUCATION -
    SMOKING, 150 Washlngton Street, Hartford,
     Connecticut 06106.

Program Title:
Health Department Smoking.

Contact:
Ms. Janet St. Clair
(203)566-3844.

Descrlptlon:

This off ice handles several programs related to Connecticut I
smoking laws, smoking cessation, school programs, worksite
smoking policy, and general information.

The worksite program involves interpretation of the smoking
laws and technical assistance with the establishment of
policies for State agencies, municipalities, and private busi-
nesses. In the schools, the Off ice of Health Education imple-
ments a Teen Wellness Check, disseminates a directory of
curriculum resources for education and referrals for cessation
programs, interprets the laws, and provides technical assis-
tance with th8 establishment of policies governing smoking-
and the us.8 of tobacco products. The office publishes quarter-
ly listings of smoking cessation clinics throughout the State,
maintains a cessation resource directory for referrals, and
provides assistance to State agencies, municipalities, and
private businesses in promoting cessation.

In addition, the office provides information and assistance to
members of the public, the media, State agencies, local health
departments, and community agencies regarding smoking,
passive smoking, smokel8ss tobacco, and Connecticut

204


smoking laws. It maintains a complaint system documenting
problems with smoking in restaurants and retail food stores
and worksites. Other responsibilities include monitoring legis-
lation and providing information to State legislators regarding
proposed laws regulating smoking or use of tobacco products.
The office also assists in promoting legislation protecting
nonsmokers and restricting smoking.

0194.  HARTFORD HOSPITAL, HEALTH AND LIFE-
   STYLES PROGRAM, 80 Seymour Street,
    Hartford, Connecticut 061150729.

Program Title:

Smokeless/Health Education/Policy Implementation.

Contact:

Mr. William Martens, Director, Heatth and Lifestyles
(203)524-2124.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate
cravings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0195.  HARTFORD HYPNOSIS CENTER, 111 Pearl
   Street, Room 601, Hartford, Connecticut 06103.

Program Title:

Cessation Through Hypnosis.

Contact:

Mr. David J. Norton, Director
(203)522-2320.

Descrlptlon:

Therapy for smoking cessation is designed around the resour-
ces and strengths of each client. One-to-one counseling and
group support services are both available.

0196.  INSTfTUTE FOR BETTER HEALTH, INC., Hospital
   of Saint Raphael, 111 Sherman Avenue, New
    Haven, Connecticut 06511.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Ursula A. Kolb, Director of Health Promotion
(203)789-3031.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate
cravings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0197.  MIDDLETOWN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   Municipal Bullding, DeKoven Drive, Post Office
   Box 1360, Middletown, Connecticut 06457-1300.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Leon F. Vinci, M.P.H., Director of Health
(203)344-3474.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to coincide with the Great American Smokeout. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0198.  MIDDLETOWN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   Munlclpal Building, DeKoven Drive, Post Office
   Box 1300, Middletown, Connecticut 06457-1300.

Program Title:

Great American Smokeout.

Contact:

Leon F. Vinci, M.P.H., Director of Health
(203)344-3474.

Descrlptlon:

In 1987, high school students participated in the Great
American Smokeout. Students and school employees
pledged not to smoke for a 24-hour period. A buddy system
was employed. One local clothing store donated 100 T-shirts
for participants and a local apple orchard donated 30 pounds
of apples, a healthy snack alternative to a cigarette. Educa-
tional posters were displayed in the halls and cafeteria.
Approximately 400 students were exposed to this program.

0199.  MIDDLETOWN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   Munlclpal Buildlng, DeKoven Drive, Post Office
   Box 1360, Middletown, Connecticut 06457-1300.

Program Title:
Public Education.

Contact:

Leon F. Vinci, M.P.H., Director of Health
(203)344-3474.

Descrlptlon:

The Middletown Department of Health's Risk Reduction Pro-
gram conducts public education programs concerning smok-
ing, with local radio and newspaper cooperation. Other
activities have included live interviews with former smokers
who had successfully kicked the habit and a cold turkey raffle
in which turkeys were won by severalof the persons attending.

0208.  MlLFORD DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, MEDICAL
   DIVISION, 2051 Bridgeport Avenue, Mllford,
    Connecticut 06460.

205


Program Tltki:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

George Kraus, M.D., Program Director
(203)783-3285.

Descrlptlon:

The Milford Hospital program is cosponsored by the Milford
Health Department. The program is six sessions, two sessions
each week for 3 weeks. The program is based on the
American Cancer Society's self-help, stop smoking
techniques. There is a $50 fee for the class.

0201.  NEW LONDON HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 120
    Broad Street, New London, Connecticut 06320-
     5787.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Rita Metcalf, Program Coordinator
(203)447-8304.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
four times a year: two programs for county employees and
two programs for the general public. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0202.  NORTH CENTRAL DISTRICT HEALTH
    DEPARTMENT, Post Off Ice Box 346, A.D. Higgins
    Building, North Main Street, Enfleld, Connecticut
     06802.

Program Tltle:
No Butts About It.

Contact:

Meg Fulton, M.P.H., Program Director
(203)745-0383.

Description:

No Butts About It (NBAI) is a tobacco prevention and cessation
support program designed specifically for students in grades
5 through 10. The primary objective of NBAI is to equip youth
with the knowledge and the skills to make a well-informed
personal choice concerning the use of tobacco, and also to
provide support, guidance, and tools to aid those desiring to
stop using tobacco.

The program approach is multifaceted, focusing on factual
information, self-esteem, interpersonal skills, relaxation tech-
niques, coping skills, resistance strategies, responsibility
recognition and acceptance, and goal and value setting. In
order to address this large number of issues, audiovisual
materials, large and small group discussion, dramatization,
mini-lectures, biofeedback devices, and high-level participant
interaction are incorporated into a 9- to 1 l-week program. At
the completion of the program each participant receives a
certificate.

Sessions are designed to be presented during 45- to 60-
minute time intervals at a frequency of once a week for a g-to
11 -week duration. Implementation at the middle and high
school levels has revealed that No Butts About tt fits quite well
within the regular health or health-science curriculum.

0263.  NORWALK DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 137 East
    Avenue, Norwalk, Connecticut 06851.

Program Title:

Clean Air In The Workplace: The I Quit Smoking Program.

Contact:

Ms. Rhonda Collins, Health Education Coordinator
(203)854-7977.

Descrlptlon:

This is a 28-day program offered to municipal employees. It is
a comprehensive, in-house program including daily group
meetings, daily video presentations, daily readings and ac-
tivities, stress management, weight control, and methods to
deal with habit and the psychological as well as the
physiological addiction.

0264.  QUINNIPIACK VALLEY HEALTH DISTRICT, 1141
    Dlxwell Avenue, Chimney Square, Hamden,
     Connecticut 06514.

Program ntle:

Great American Smokeout.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah Culligan, Deputy Director
(203)776-8283.

Description:

The district participates in the smokeout by distributing
materials to town employees on smoking cessation. Ap-
proximately 1,000 persons receive these materials in Novem-
ber of each year.

0205.  QUINNIPIACK VALLEY HEALTH DISTRICT, 1141
    Dlxwell Avenue, Chimney Square, Hamden,
     Connecticut 06514.

Program Title:
Just Say No Fair.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah Culligan, Deputy Director
(203)776-8283.

Description:

This program, presented in a health fair format, focuses on
substance abuse and safety. The program is designed for
children in grades 4 to 6 and travels from school to school. It
isset upin agymorcafeteria, with thechildrencoming through
with their teacher and classmates. One of the booths relates
to smoking and smokeless tobacco Live specimens of lung
tissue and a mouth with cancer are displayed. A game is
played that simulates breathing as if one had emphysema.-

206


Materials, including a comic book, are handed out and children
are encouraged to share these with their families.

0266.  TOWN OF MANCHESTER, 41 Center Street,
    Manchester, Connecticut 06040.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Workshop.

Contact:

Carolyn Bountress, R.N.C., Senior Health Program
Coordinator
(203)647-3173.

Description:

The program is offered on an as-requested basis to senior
citizens in the community. The American Cancer Society's
7-Day Quit program is used. There are four 2-hour sessions
over a 3-week period. The program is informational, suppor-

tive and incorporates a 48-hour quit period midway in the
program.

0207.  WEST HAVEN DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Post
    Office Box 312, West Haven, Connecticut 06516-
    031 2.

Program Title:
Smoke Cessation Class.

Contact:

Eric Triifin, M.P.H., Health Educator
(203)934-3421 ext.300.

Descrlptlon:

A four-session smoke cessation class is offered twice each
year. The series includes elements of stress management,
biofeedback, nutrition, and exercise, along with quitting tech-
niques and support. There are 6-month and l-year
evaluations.

DELAWARE

0208.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    DELAWARE, 1021 Gilpln Avenue, Suite 202,
   Wllmlngton, Delaware 19866.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah P. Brown, Program Director
(302)655-7258.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Free&m From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, se8 the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0289.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   DELAWARE, 1021 Gllpln Avenue, Suite 202,
   Wilmlngton, Delaware 19808.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah P. Brown, Program Director
(302)655-7258.

Descrlptlon:

This self-help program includes a 32-page manual, a poster
progress chart for pregnant mothers, and a pocket reminder.
An audiocassette taps featuring aerobics and relaxation exer-
cises is also available. For more information, s8e the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0210.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    DELAWARE, 1021 Gllpln Avenue, Suite 202,
   Wilmington, Delaware 19806.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah P. Brown, Program Director
(302)655-7258.

Descrlptlon:

The Ameriian Lung Association's newest Freedom From
Smoking self-help manual is offered. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Pan 1.

0211.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   DELAWARE, 1021 Gllpln Avenue, Suite 202,
   Wilmington, Delaware 19806.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah P. Brown, Program Director
(302)655-7258.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
Self-Help Manuals are offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

207


0212.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    DELAWARE, 1021 Gllpln Avenue, Suite 202,
   Wllmlngton, Delaware 19806.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah P. Brown, Program Director
(302)655-7258.

Description:

In Control, a videocassette smoking cessation program, is
offered. The program also includes a workbook and audiocas-
sette tape. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0213.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    DELAWARE, 1021 Gilpln Avenue, Suite 202,
    Wilmington, Delaware 19808.

Program Tttle:

School Health Education.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah P. Brown, Program Director
(302)655-7258.

Description:

Various curriculum programs are designed for students in
grades kindergarten through 12. The programs are prevention
oriented and contain information about basic good health
habits.

0214.  DELAWARE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
    SOCIAL SERVICES, DIVISION OF PUBLIC
   HEALTH, Robblns Bullding, 802 Silver Lake
    Boulevard and Walker Road, Dover, Delaware
     19901.

Program Tftle:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:
Mr. Lionel de Bernard, Health Educator
(302)736-4754.

Descrlptlon:

The Office of Health Education provides a free smoking ces-
sation program. The program is available to any interested
businesses, State agencies, or other group or institution with
a minimum of 15 registrants. This seven-session course is
designed to provide participants with the knowledge and skills
to cope with the urge to smoke. The program includes an
evaluation about smoking, a step-by-step plan for quitting,
coping techniques recognizing the differences between
psychological and physical withdrawal symptoms, stress
management and relaxation techniques, and above all, how
to remain motivated in order to remain a nonsmoker. Followup
sessions to reinforce the skills developed in the program are
conducted after 1 year. Because this is a health education
program, success is not determined solely by the number of
participants who quit smoking after attending this course.

The office also distributes television public service an-
nouncements for smoking prevention and works with the
Division's Adolescent Health Program on smoking prevention
activities for teens. The office provides information and self-
help kits on request, and consults with workplace health
promotion programs related to smoking policies.

0215.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, DISTRICT OF
    COLUMBIA DIVISION, INC., 1825 Connecticut
    Avenue, N.W., Washlngton, Dlstrlct of Columbla
     20009.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Jevita Kilpatrick, Director of Public Education
(202)483-2600.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0216.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, DISTRICT OF
   COLUMBIA DIVISION, INC., 1825 Connecticut
   Avenue, N.W., Washington, District of Columbia
     20009.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Program Title:
Youth Education.

Contact:

Ms. Caron Gwynn, Health Education Director
(202)483-2600.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's in-school health education
teaching series is used for all grades. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0217.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NATION'S
    CAPITAL AFFILIATE, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue,
   N.W., Post Office Box 32409, Washlngton,
    District of Columbia 20007.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

208


Contact:

Ms. Deborah Edwards, Program Associate
(202)337-6400.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0218.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NATION'S
    CAPITAL AFFILIATE, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue,
    N.W., Post Office Box 32409, Washington,
     District of Columbia 20007.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Amber Thornton-Washington, M.P.H., Director of Programs
(202)337-6400.

Description

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart series
is conducted in schools by students. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0219.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF THE DIS-
    TRICT OF COLUMBIA, 475 H Street, N.W.,
   Washlngton, District of Columbia 20001.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Coordinator, Smoking or Health Programs
(202)682-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics and self-help kits are available. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0220.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF THE
    DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 475 H Street, N-W.,
   Washlngton, Dlstrlct of Columbla 20001.

Program Title:

How To Cope With Pressure To Smoke.

Contact:

Ms. Veronica Brown, Coordinator, Child/Youth Programs
(202)682-5864.

Description:

This is a smoking prevention program aimed at students in
grade 6, but can be modified for all age groups. It is presented
in three 45.minute sessions to all public school classes in the
District of Columbia. The first session is a film presentation
featuring characters and situations to which the students can
relate. The audience is invited to enter a poster contest for the
three best illustrations of the health hazards of smoking. The
second session concentrates on a biofeedbackdemonstration
of the immediate effects of smoking one cigarette. The third
session involves the issue of cigarette advertising and
culminates in the awarding of prizes for the poster contest.

0221.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF THE
    DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 475 H Street, N-W.,
   Washington, District of Columbia 20001.

Program Title:

No Smoking During And After Pregnancy: Advocacy On
Behalf Of The Unborn.

Contact:

Ms. Veronica Brown, Coordinator, Child/Youth Programs
(202)682-5864.

Description:

A two-tiered approach for motivating pregnant women not to
smoke during and after pregnancy has been developed by
health care providers. Innovative techniques are used with
prenatal counseling of program participants to motivate the
smokers among them to quit and remain nonsmokers and
nonsmokers to become advocates of the nonsmoking lifestyle
on behatf of the unborn, newborn, and growing child.

0222.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF THE
    DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 475 H Street, N.W.,
   Washlngton, District of Columbia 20001.

Program Title:
Nonsmokers' Rights.

Contact:

Coordinator, Smoking or Health Programs
(202)682-5864.

Descrlptlon:

This program has been set up to promote smoke-free indoor
environments by raising the awareness of people who live and
work in the District of Columbia as to the many benefits of
smoke-free work and home environments. The program also
attempts to develop grassroots support for legislation to
restrict smoking in the workplace and works with businesses
that are interested in setting up nonsmoking policies.

209


0223.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, FLORIDA
    DIVISION, INC., 1001 South MacDill Avenue,
   Tampa, Florlda 33629.

Program Tttle:

FreshStart And Education.

Contact Person:

Ms. Vicki Pleasant, Director of Public Education
(813)253-0541.

Descrlptlon:

Health and science education programs are presented to
students in grades kindergarten through 12. Programs em-
phasize the hazards of smoking and personal health informa-
tion and decisions. The American Cancer Society's FreshStart
program is offered throughout the State. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0224.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, FLORIDA
   AFFILIATE, 1213 16th Street North, Post Office
   Box 33035, St. Petersburg, Florida 33705-8035.

Program Title:

Smoking Education Programs.

Contact:

Ms. Mary A. Nowakowski, Program Vice President
(813)894-7400.

Description:

This office includes smoking cessation and education
programs in some of its worksite programs. Smoking, as a risk
factor, is also discussed in program efforts directed at target
populations in the community and in schools. These efforts
include a combination of prevention and behavioral change
activities and educational messages. The organization is also
involved in the Smoke-Free Class of 2000 project that focuses
on children who will graduate from high school in the year
2000. Educational materials are being designed for these
children and their parents.

0225.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    BROWARD-GLADES-HENDRY, INC., 2020 South
   Andrews Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
     33318.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. David R. Just, Program Director
(305)524-4657.

Description:

Both the Freedom From Smoking clinics and self-help ap-
proaches developed by the American Lung Association are
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
descriptions in Part 1.

FLORIDA

0226.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   BROWARPGLADESHENDRY, INC., 2020 South
   Andrew8 Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florlda
     33316.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Mr. David R. Just! Program Director
(305)524-4657.

Description:

Material designed and provided by the American Lung As-
sociation, in addition to some information collected by the local
chapter, is sent to area health care professionals. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0227.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    BROWARPGLADES-HENDRY, INC., 2020 South
   Andrews Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
    33316.

Program Title:

Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer.

Contact:

Mr. David R. Just, Program Director
(305)524-4657.

Description:

This smoking prevention program is designed for students in
grades 5 and 6. For more information, see the detailed pro-
gram description in Part 1.

0228.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    BROWARPGLADESHENDRY, INC., 2020 South
    Andrews Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florlda
     33316.

Program Title:

Students Teach Students.

Contact:

Mr. David R. Just, Program Director
(305)524-4657.

Descrlptlon:

High school students serve as counselors and role models to
elementary students. This program can be incorporated into
the Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer program on the third
day of the 5-day curriculum and is offered free of charge. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0229.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF DADE-
   MONROE, INC., 830 Brlckell Plaza, Miami, Florida
     33131.

210


Program Tltie:
I Love My Lungs.

Contact:

Douglas Barnicie, MS., Program Director
(3054377-l 771.

Description:

The program for grades kindergarten through 9 focuses on
tobacco smoking and its effects on the respiratory system.
Lung exhibits, videos, and a smoking doll are accompanied
by a song of vibrant respiratory health, I Love My Lungs. Over
10,000 elementary and junior high students were visited last
year. One of the program goals is to encourage teachers to
incorporate the educational content in the curriculum.

0238.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATlON OF FLORIDA,
    NORTHEAST BRANCH, Post Office Box 8127,
    Jacksonville, Florida 32239.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Ernestine Curry, Program Associate
(904)743-2933.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0231.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATTON OF FLORIDA,
    NORTHEAST BRANCH, Post Office Box 8127,
    Jacksonville, Florida 32239.

Program Tltie:

Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Ernestine Curry, Program Associate
(904)743-2933.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
is offered, For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0232.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST FLORIDA, INC., 2701 North
    Australian Avenue, West Palm Beach, Florida
     33487.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Denee J. Martin, Managing Director
(305)659-7644.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking

self-help manuals are available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0233.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST FLORIDA, INC., 2701 North
    Australian Avenue, West Palm Beach, Florida
     33407.

Program Title:
in Control.

Contact:

Ms. Denee J. Martin, Program Administrator
(305)659-7644.

Description:

The American Lung Association's in Control smoking cessa-
tion program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0234.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST FLORIDA, INC., 2701 North
    Australian Avenue, West Palm Beach, Florida
     33407.

Program Title:

Smoke-Free America Billboard Contest.

Contact:

Ms. Denee J. Martin, Program Administrator
(305)659-7644.

Description:

This program was designed to educate students and the
general public on the deleterious health effects of smoking.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0235.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   SOUTHEAST FLORIDA, INC., 2701 North
    Australian Avenue, West Palm Beach, Florida
     33407.

Program Title:

Students Teach Students.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Andio, Program Administrator
(305)659-7644.

Description:

High school students serve as counselors and role models for
students in grade 5. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0238.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF SOUTH-
   WEST FLORIDA, 1436 Royal Palm Square
   Boulevard, Fort Myers, Fiorlda 33919-1049.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

211


Contact:

Ms. Stephanie Welch, Director of Program Development
(813)275-7577.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0237.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF SOUTH-
   WEST FLORIDA, 1436 Royal Palm Square
   Boulevard, Fort Myers, Florida 33919-1049.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Stephanie Welch, Director of Program Development
(813)275-7577.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals for pregnant women are available. Optional
items include: I'm a Smoke-free Baby infant T-shirt, exer-
cise/relaxation tape, Because I Love My Baby pamphlets and
poster, No Smoking - I'm Breathing for Two pin, and No
Smoking-Baby Breathing sign. For more information, see the
detailed program descriptions in Part I.

0238.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH-
   WEST FLORIDA, 1436 Royal Palm Square
   Boulevard, Fort Myers, Florida 33907.

Program ntie:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Stephanie Welch, Director of Program Development
(813)275-7577.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals are available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0239.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH-
   WEST FLORIDA, 1436 Royal Palm Square
   Boulevard, Fort Myers, Florida 33907.

Program Title:
in Control.

Contact:

Ms. Stephanie Welch, Director of Program Development
(813)275-7577.

Description:

The American Lung Association's in Control videocassette
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0240.  BAPTiST HOSPITAL, 1000 West Moreno Street,
    Post Office Box 17500, Pensacola, Fiorlda 32522.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Raymond Rappa, R.N., MS., Health Education Specialist
(904)434-4747.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0241.  BOCA RATON COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, INC.,
   800 Meadows Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33432.

Program Tltie:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Sally Sweigart, Health Education Coordinator
(305)393-4063.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate
cravings that may develop. Cessation booklets and foliowup
services are provided.

0242.  BREVARD COUNTY INTERAGENCY ON SMOK-
   ING AND HEALTH, 1274 South Florida Avenue,
   Rockledge, Florida 32955.

Program ntie:

Community Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Mr. Jim Richardson, Health Educator
(305)727-1480.

Descrlptlon:

This program is conducted six times a year, twice in each
distinct population area of the county. The program consists
of a 2-hour session each night for 5 consecutive nights.
Program content includes the effects of smoking on the body,
the physical and psychological benefits of quitting, awareness
of the smoker's habit, behavior modification to combat the
smoking habit, and methods to curb relapse.

0243.  BREVARD COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH UNIT, 1744
   Cedar Street, Rockledge, Florida 32955.

Program Title:

Patient Counseling And Smoking Cessation.

212


Contact:

Mr. Jim Richardson, Health Educator
(305)727-l 480.

Descrlptlon:

This program consists of individual or small group counseling
on smoking cessation. The target group is the maternity and
family planning patients of the County Public Health Unit.
Counseling is done on a volunteer basis during clinic hours.
Materials from voluntary health agencies and idea sheets are
used to guide the patient toward a quit day and to develop both
short- and long-term coping strategies.

0244.  BROWARD COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH UNIT,
    DISTRICT 10, 2421 Southwest 6th Avenue, Fort
    Lauderdale, Florlda 33315.

Program Title:
Maternal Heafth Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Ellen G. Feiler, Health Education Director
(305)467-4607.

Descrlptlon:

As part of a prenatal class presented to all maternity clients,
the danger of smoking during pregnancy is discussed.

0245.  BROWARD COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH UNIT,
    DISTRICT lo,2421 Southwest 6th Avenue, Fort
    Lauderdale, Florlda 33315.

Program Tltk:
U-Turn To Health.

Contact:

Ms. Ellen G. Feiler, Health Education Director
(305)467-4607.

Descrlptlon:

One segment of a heafth promotion program offered quarterly
to Health Department employees is devoted to smoking. The
session illustrates the health hazards of smoking and offers
both motivation to never start and tips for quitting. Referral to
community smoking cessation programs is also provided.

0246.  DADE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
    HEALTH, DISTRICT 11, 1350 Northwest 14th
    Street, Mlaml, Florlda 33125.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. William Glenn, Program Coordinator
(305)623-3520.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
curriculum is implemented in a community setting. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0247.   DADE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
    HEALTH, DISTRICT 11, 1350 Northwest 14th
    Street, Miaml, Florida 33125.

Program Title:

Lifestyle And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra G. Schaps, Health Educator
(305)623-3520.

Descrlptlon:

This program emphasizes the danger of smoking during preg-
nancy to prenatal patients of the Department of Public Health.
This health concern is addressed in the lifestyle session of the
prenatal curriculum. In addition, poster messages with a
strong statement on smoking and pregnancy are displayed
throughout the six satellite clinics.

0248.   DADE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
    HEALTH, DISTRICT 11, 1350 Northwest 14th
    Street, Mlaml, Florlda 33125.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Lori Jordahl, Training Specialist
(305)623-3520.

Description:

This five-session program is offered to health department
employees as requested. The program uses a special monitor
to measure expired air carbon monoxide levels in participants
taking part in the program. Carbon monoxide levels are tested
daily, and the information is used as feedback to the par-
ticipant, testifying to body detoxification as a result of quitting
smoking. In addition, smokers look at the reasons they smoke
and develop behavioral approaches to combat these reasons.

0249.  DUVAL COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH UNIT, 515
    West 6th Street, Jacksonville, Florida 32206.

Program Title:
Community Education.

Contact:

Ms. Debres M. Unsicker, Director, Heafth Education

Description:

The Public Health Unit implements a primary care program
based on individual case management. Each patient, who is
a smoker, is counseled on health risks and offered smoking
cessation information. Other activities include participation in
the American Cancer Society's Great American Smokeout,
public service announcements, presentations to schools, and
employee Wellness Fairs.

0250.  DUVAL COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH UNtT, 515
   West 6th Street, Jacksonville, Florida 32206.

213


Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Delores M. Unsicker, Director, Health Education

Description:

The program is conducted by the health education staff
quarterly. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0251.  ESCAMBIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   Post Offke Box 12684,225l North Baylen Street,
    Pensacola, Florida 32501.

Program Tltte:

The Smoking Sam/Sametha Program.

Contact:

Mr. Ferd Chappa, Health Educator
(904)435-6574.

Description:

Hour-long presentations are made to area schools as re-
quested. As many as 300 presentations are made during a
school year. Using a mannequin of a man and a woman, the
effects of smoking on the heart, lungs, and brain are shown.
The objective is to teach children at an early age the harmful
effects of smoking.

0252.  ESCAMBIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Post Off ice Box 12664,225l North Bayien Street,
    Pensacola, Florida 32501.

Program Tltta:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Ferd Chappa and Ms. Kelly Shaw, Health Educators
(904)435-6574.

Description:

This American Lung Association program is offered to the
community four times a year. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0253.  FLORIDA DENTAL ASSOCIATION, 3021 Swann
   Avenue, Tampa, Florlda 33609.

Program Title:

Oral Cancer Education Program.

Contact:

Mr. Robert M. MacDonakJ, Assistant Executive Director for
Information Services
(613)877-7597.

Dascrlptlon:

One of the predisposing factors in the development of cancer
is longstanding chronic irritation, and among the most com-
mon irritants are tobacco and tobacco smoke. The Florida
Dental Association, in affiliation with the American Dental

Association, conveys this message in a booklet designed to
reinforce the knowledge that smoking is hazardous to oral
health. Also available are dental information packets, includ-
ing material that deals with the hazards of smoking. Posters,
pamphlets, desk signs, and tent cards are available, all with a
no-smoking message.

0254.  FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
    REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, 1317 Winewood
    Boulevard, Tallahassee, Florlda 32399-9700.

Program Tltie:
Chronic Disease.

Contact:

Mr. William Mahoney, Chronic Disease Program Supervisor
(904)488-2901.

Descrlptlon:

Service delivery is handled by each of the 67 county public
health units individually. Technical assistance, referral and
consultation is provided to the health units by the Chronic
Disease Program of the Department of Health. Chronic Dis-
ease staff are responsible for program-specific technical as-
sistance to county public health units. State-of-the-art
information and materials are available. County health unit
staff are encouraged to network and cooperate with local
Cancer Society and Lung Association affiliates to avoid
duplication of programs and encourage cooperative efforts.

0255.  FLORIDA HOSPITAL, CORPORATE/COM-
    MUNITY HEALTH SERVICES, 601 East Rollins
    Street, Orlando, Florida 32803.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Sands, Program Coordinator
(305)897-l 929.

Description:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' Breathe-Free Plan To Stop
Smoking is offered at community locations and corporate
sites. One-on-one counseling is also available. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0256.  FLORIDA HOSPITAL, CORPORATEICOM-
    MUNIN HEALTH SERVICES, 601 East Rollins
   Street, Orlando, Florida 32803.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Sands, Program Coordinator
(305)897-l 929.

Dascrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute

214


for Preventive Medidne, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate
cravings that may develop. Cessation booklets and folbwup
services are provided.

0257.  NAPLES WELLNESS CENTER, NAPLES CO&
    MUNIN HOSPITAL, INC., Post Office Box 2507,
    Naplea, Florlda 33939.

Program Mb:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Mr. Henry Troliinger, Assistant Director
(813)263-8817.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medidne, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate
cravings that may develop. Cessation booklets and folbwup
services are provided.

0256.  NICOTTNE WITHDRAWAL CLINIC, 2999 Hartley
    Road, Suite 291, Jacksonville, Florkla 32217.

Program Mb:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. M. Eileen Wiggins, President
(964)262-3585.

Deecrlptlon:

This comprehensive me&al treatment administered by a
licensed physician for the cessation of smoking, addresses
both the physb~ical effects and the psychobgbal aspects
of smoking. The process involves the administration of
medbatiin to eliminate the unpleasant wfthdrawal symptoms.
The patients receive instructions on diet, stress management,
and cognitive behavbr modifbatbn to counteract the smoking
habit. A trained staff monitor the patients' progress and suc-
~888 periodically, for up to 1 year.

0259.  NICOTINE WDHDRAWAL CLINIC, 4709 North
    Habana, Sutte 596, Tampa, Florkta 33614.

Program Ml@:

Walk Away From Smokiryl Once And For All.

Contact:

Ms. M. Eileen Wiggins, President
(613)875-6114.

DOSdpth:

The Nicotine Wllrawal Clinic offers a comprehensive me&
cal treatment administered by a licensed physician for the
cessation of smoking. The treatment addresses both the
phyeblogbal effects and the psychobgbal aspects of smok-
ing and involves the administration of medication to eliminate

or greatly decrease the unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
normally associated with nicotine addiction. The patients also
receive instructions on diet, stress management, and cogni-
tive behavior modification to counteract the smoking habit.

0266.  ORANGE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 832
    West Central Boulevard, Post Offlce Box 3187,
    Orlando, Florlda 32802-3187.

Program Tltb:
Life Skill Management.

Contact:

Mr. Bill L. Toth, Senior Human Services Program Analyst
(305)244-2620.

Descrlptbn:

Health Department educators are routinely asked to address
the Life Skill Management Classes taught to students in grade
9 in local schools. During these hour-long sessions, smoking
is discussed in context with the leading causes of death in the
United States. The objective is to reduce the tendency to give
in to peer pressure to smoke.

0261.  PASCO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 7511
    Little Road, New Port Rlchey, Fbrlda 34654.

Program Mb:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Bonnie 8. Sitko, M.P.H., Health Education Director
(813)847-0035.

Descrlptlon:

This program combines techniques used in the American
Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking program and the
American Cancer Society's FreshStart program. The six-ses-
sion prqram covers why people smoke, the physical aspects
of smoking, cessation, the physical and emotional reaction to
cessation, and the body's natural state of health. These clas-
ses are offered to employees and patients, free of charge, but
are not yet available to the general public.

0262.  ST. MARY'S HOSPtTAL, INC., 991 45th Street,
    West Palm Beach, Florlda 33497.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Sally D. Chester, Program Coordinator
(305)844-6300.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medbine, fs a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate
cravings that may devebp. Cessation booklets and folbwup
services are provided.

215


0263.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, GEORGIA
   DIVISION, INC., 1422 West Peachtree Street,
   N.W., Atlanta, Georgla 30309.

Prcgram Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Y. Byrd, Director, Public Education
(404)892-0026.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information. see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0264.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
    Georgia 30365.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Marie Bautista-Foley, Health Educator
(404)872-9653.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0265.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
    Georgia 30365.

Program Title:

Carbon Monoxide Screening.

Contact:

Ms. Marie Bautista-Foley, Health Educator
(404)872-9653.

Description:

Using an ecolyzer, individuals are screened for carbon
monoxide. Participants are given their reading and a chart
explaining the health effects resulting from that level of carbon
monoxide. The screening is performed in conjunction with an
educational display that promotes nonsmoking. The primary
sites for screening are health fairs and corporations. The
program is available on request.

0266.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
    Georgia 30365.

GEORGIA

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra W. Colt, Program Director
(404)872-9653.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0267.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCtATlON OF ATLANTA,
    INC., 723 Pledmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
    Georgia 30365.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra W. Coft, Program Director
(404)872-9653.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0268.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF ATLANTA,
    INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
    Georgla 30365.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra W. Colt, Program Director
(404)872-9653.

Description:

As a new component to the American Lung Association's
Smoke-Free Family campaign, this 54-page manual assists
smokers in kicking the habit. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0269.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
    Georgia 30365.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra W. Colt, Program Director
(404)872-9653.

Descrlptlon:

This American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking

216


self-help cessation manual is offered. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0270.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
   Georgia 30365.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra W. Colt, Program Director
(404)872-8653.

Description:

The American Lung Association's In Control videocassette
smoking cessation program is offered. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0271.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
   Georgla 30365.

Program Title:
Self-Help Plus.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra W. Colt, Program Director
(404)872-8653.

Description:

This 4-week, four-session smoking cessation clinic is based
on the self-help concept. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0272.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Piedmont Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
    Georgia 30365.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra W. Colt, Program Director
(404)872-9X3.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking and Pregnancy
program is offered. Training worksfiops for health care
providers on counseling pregnant smokers are available on
request. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0273.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF ATLANTA,
   INC., 723 Pledmon! Avenue, N.E., Atlanta,
   Oeorgia 30365.

Rogram Titk:

Speakers' Bureau On Smoking And Health.

Contact:

Ms. Marie Bautista-Foley, Health Educator
(404)872-9653.

Description:

Pulmonary physicians, respiratory therapists, and health
educators are available for presentations on smoking and
health.

0274.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF GEORGIA,
   2452 Spring Road, Smyrna, Georgla 30080.

Program Tltie:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Nelson, Program Executive
(404)434-5864.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0275.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF GEORGIA,
   2452 Spring Road, Smyrna, Georgia 30080.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Groups.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Nelson, Program Executive
(404)434-5864.

Description.

Two group cessation programs are offered: Freedom From
Smoking clinic, a seven-session program, and In Control Plus,
a nine-session program utilizing the In Control videocassette.
For more information, see the detailed program descriptions
in Part 1.

0276.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF GEORGIA,
   2452 Spring Road, Smyrna, Georgla 30080.

Program Titie:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Nelson, Program Executive
(404)434-5864.

Descriptkn:

The following American Lung Association programs and
materials are available: Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days,
A Lifetime Of Freedom From Smoking, Freedom From
Smoking For You And Your Family, Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby, and the in Control videotape. For
more information, see the detailed program descriptions in
Part 1.

217


0277.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF GEORGIA,
   2452 Sprlng Road, Smyrna, Georgia 30086.

Program Title:
Lungs Are For Life.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Nelson, Program Executive
(404)434-5864.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Lungs Are For Life program
is offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0278.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATTON OF GEORGIA,
   2452 Spring Road, Smyrna, Georgia 30089.

Program Title:

Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Nelson, Program Executive
(404)434-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0279.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF GEORGIA,
   2452 Sprlng Road, Smyrna, Georgla 30089

Program Mie:

Octopuff In Kumquat.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Nelson, Program Executive
(404)434-5864.

Deecrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's health education program,
Cctopuff In Kumquat, is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0289.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF GEORGIA,
   2452 Sprlng Road, Smyrna, Georgia 30086.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Nelson, Program Executive
(404)434-5864.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0281.  DEKALB COUNTY BOARD OF HEALTH, Central
   Heaith Center, 440 Winn Way, Post Office Box
   997, Decatur, Georgia 30031.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Laitan Ogundare, M.P.H., Health Educator
(404)766-3743.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking and Pregnancy
program is offered. Fbr more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0262.  DOUGHERTY COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   2031 Newton Road, Post Office Box 3048,
   Albany, Georgia 317994201.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Cheryl A. Henley, Program Coordinator
(912)439-4153.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0283.  FULTON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 99
   Butler Street, SE., Atlanta, Georgia 30303.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Beryl Davis, Coordinator of Health Education
(404)572-2406.

Description:

The Fulton County smoking cessation program provides clas-
ses and self-help options to Fulton County employees. The
American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking clinic
is offered; the self-help options include In Control and
Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days. For more information,
see the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

0284.  GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOUR-
   CES, DIVISION OF PUBLIC HEALTH, 878
   Peachtree Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Peggy Lee, Adult Health Coordinator
(912)264-3961 ext.303.

218


Contact:

Ms. Peggy Lee, Adult Health Coordinator
(912)264-3961 ext.303.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to clients in health department programs,
to the general public in six counties, and to health unit staff.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0235.  NlCOTiNE WITHDRAWAL CLINIC OF COASTAL
    GEORGIA, 2410 Parkwood Drive, Brunswick,
   Georgla 31520.

Program Tltie:
Nicotine Withdrawal.

Contact:

Ms. Pat Medlin. Program Coordinator
(912)262-0068.

Description:

This program includes a medically administered treatment that
can decrease the body's craving for nicotine, thereby lessen-
ing the severity of withdrawal symptoms. The program con-
fronts both the physiological and psychological problems that
arise when a person stops smoking. Treatment consists of a
counseling session dealing with behavior modification, stress
management, and diet followed by a brief medical history. An
injection of vitamins and minerals begins the withdrawal
process, followed by supplemental oral medications for 15
days. There is a lifetime service warranty to ensure that each
patient reaches the goal of becoming a nonsmoker.

0235.  SOUTHEAST HEALTH UNIT, GEORGIA
   DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES, 1101
   Church Street, Waycross, Georgia 31501.

Program Title:

Prenatal And Family Planning.

Contact:

Ms. Bunchy McClelland, Health Educator
(912)285-6026.

Deacriptbn:

The prenatal program of five 30-minute sessions is available
in the southeast area. The risks of smoking and cessation
techniques are discussed. Materials used include: 1)
American Lung Association videocassette Because You Love
Your Baby; 2) March of Dimes handouts Be Good To Your
Baby Before tt's Born, Mom Kits, and Smoking And The Two
of You; and 3) U.S. Department of Health and Human Ser-
vices booklet Pregnant, That's Two Good Reasons To Quit.
The family planning program patients are advised of the risks
of smoking when taking birth control pills.

0237.  WAYNE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Poet
    Office Box A, Jeaup, Georgia 31545.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Gene Clary, Program Coordinator
(912)427-2042.

Deacriptbn:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to the publicon request. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0288.  WILDWOOD LIFESTYLE
   HOSPITAL, Coosa Valley
   Wlldwood, Georgia 30757.

CENTER AND
Health District,

Program Title:
Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Charles H. Cleveland, M.P.H., Smoking Cessation Coor-
dinator
(404)820-1474.

Description:

Two Seventh-Day Adventists' programs are offered. The first
is a ir-day evening program usually conducted for the Chat-
tanooga community in a public building. The second is a live-
in stop-smoking program at the lifestyle center. Live-in
programs of 7 and 24 days feature lectures, complete physi-
cals, and a special nonstimulating diet. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0289.  WOMEN'S WELLNESS CENTER, DEKALB
   GENERAL HOSPITAL, 2701 North Decatur Road,
    Decatur, Georgla 30033.

Program Title:
I Quit.

Contact:

Gail Winston, R.N., Coordinator, Lifestyle and Health Educa-
tion
(404)297-2222.

Descriptbn:

I Ouit is a 6-week tapering off program. Participants change
brands, establish a stop date within the 7-week time frame,
and taper at their own speed to achieve success. This program
emphasizes positive cognitions, exercise, relaxation, and
guided imagery; videotapes, lectures, and handouts supple-
ment the group support atmosphere. To reinforce behavior
change and to help avoid relapse, a support group is held on
a monthly basis. This program is offered to the community and
is available to business and industry.

0290. WOMEN'S WELLNESS CENTER, DEKALB
    GENERAL HOSPITAL, 2701 North Decatur Road,
   Decatur, Georgia 30033.

Program Title:
Quitters.

219


Contact:
Gail Winston, R.N., Coordinator, Lifestyle and Health
Education
(404)297-2222.

behavior change and self-concept to support smoking cessa-
tion and avoid relapse. Two-hour meetings are held once a
month, year round. Primarily a discussion group, the leader
will use written and audiovisual materials to supplement the
group-chosen topic for the month. Open to participants of I

Description:
Quitters is an informal support group to reinforce positive

Quit and the community at large, Quitters can also be
presented to business and industry.

GUAM

0291.  GUAM DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND
   SOCIAL SERVICES, OFFICE OF HEALTH
    EDUCATION, Post Office Box 2816, Agana,
     Guam 96910.

0292.  GUAM DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND
    SOCIAL SERVICES, OFFICE OF HEALTH
    EDUCATION, Post Office Box 2816, Agana,
     Guam 96910.

Program Title:

Program Tltie:

Health Education Risk Reduction.               Smoking Cessation And Education Programs.

Contact:

Contact:

Mr. David B. Rosario, Health Education Administrator and
Frances Limtiaco-Standi Soldier, M.P.H., Health Educator
(734)2931-6 ext.208.

Mr. David B. Rosario, Health Education Administrator and
Frances Limtiaco-Standi Soldier, M.P.H., Health Educator
(734)2931-6 ext.208.

Description:

Deacrlptlon:

The Health Education Risk Reduction (HERR) program is
designed to reduce risk factors including cigarette smoking,
alcohol, and drug use, poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle,
and stress. A 4-hour workshop is offered on request to all
worksites, organizations, schools, and the general public.
The workshop emphasizes identifying health risk factors, im-
proving lifestyle;, and gaining motivation to change unheakhy
behaviors.

The Office of Heatth Education works cooperatively with other
governmental agencies and nonprofit organizations such as
the American Cancer Society, Guam Unit, in the marketing
and implementation of its Growing Healthy school program
and other smoking cessation and prevention efforts. The
office also provides referral services to private and public
organizations and clinics offering smoking cessation clinics.

Two health risk assessment surveys have been conducted
under the HERR program. One study determined the
prevalence of six major behavioral risk factors, including
smoking and tobacco use, among the working adult popula-
tion; the other examined health-related behavior of middle
school students. The assessment is being used to plan health
promotion programs for the schools and community.

In 1986, several members of Guam's community, under the
leadership of the Office of Health Education, began drafting
specific objectives and recommendations pertaining to
preventive health services, health protection, and health
promotion. Strategies to reduce tobacco use involve smoking
cessation programs, education campaigns to increase public
awareness, education for young people to persuade them not
to start smoking, physician counseling, employer and worksite
involvement, and legislation.

HAWAII

0293.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, HAWAII PACIFIC   Descrlptlon:
   DIVISION, INC., Community Services Center   The American Cancer Society's FreshStan smoking cessa-
   Building, 200 North Vineyard Boulevard,   tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
    Honolulu, Hawall 96817.              program description in Part 1.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mrs. Dotty Morgan, Public Education Director
(808)531-1662.

0294.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF HAWAII,
   245 North Kukul Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817.

Program Title:
Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

220


Contact:

Ms. Julie Young, Director of Health Education
(808)537-5966.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0295.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF HAWAII,
    245 North Kukul Street, Honolulu, Hawall 96817.

Program Title:

Don't Let Your Lungs Go To Pot.

Contact:

Ms. Julie Young, Director of Health Education
(808)537-5966.

Description:

This program is geared for students in grades 4 to 12. lt con-
sists of a discussion of the similarities and differences in the
eff eds of tobacco and marijuana on the growing body, utiliz-
ing posters, real lung specimens, and printed handouts. Films
are made available as part of this program. This curriculum is
offered in a slightly modified form for adult groups. Programs
are available Statewide.

0296.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATlON OF HAWAII,
   245 North Kukui Street, Honolulu, Hawall 96817.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Julie Young, Director of Health Education
(808)537-5966.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. A minimal fee is charged to all participants
in order to cover material costs and instructors' salaries.
Programs are offered Statewide. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0297.  HAWAII HEART ASSOCIATION, 245 North Kukui
    Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96617.

Program Mie:

Don't Start Smoking Contest.

Ms. Barbara Bianchi, Communications and Training Director
(808)638-7021.

Descriptbn:

This contest for children in grades 1 through 6 was cospon-
sored by the Hawaii Heart Association, the American Lung
Association of Hawaii, the American Cancer Society, and
KHNL TV-13. Communications directors for the three health
agencies worked with KHNLstaff to develop a contest in which
children, using cartoon characters featured in KHNL

programming, created a four-frame storyboard on the theme
Don't Start Smoking. Thirty-five winners were selected from
each grade, with three top winners from each grade, and one
Statewide winner. Prizes were toys, contributed by a toy com-
pany. The Statewide winner was featured in a 30-second
public service announcement, produced by KHNL, explaining
her winning entry.

The promotion was conducted during April and May with the
winner announced at Ala Moana Centerstage in August to
create a back-to-school connection for the information
release. The groups involved plan to conduct the contest
again in the n8Xt fiscal year.

0296.  HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH, Post
    Office Box 3378, Honolulu, Hawaii 96801.

Program Title:

Patient Education On Hazards Of Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Jackie Berry, Acting Planner and Coordinator, Office of
Family Planning
(808)735-3558.

Description:

This program, designed for teen and adutt women receiving
services in State funded or operated family planning and
maternal and infant care clinics, provides group health educa-
tion on the hazards of smoking while using birth control pills
or while pregnant. Individual counseling is also provided.

0299.  HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Post
   Offlce Box 3378, Honolulu, Hawall 96801.

Program Tltie:
Risk Reduction Project.

Contact:

Ms. Nicola Miller, Coordinator, Risk Reduction Project
(808)732-2291.

Description:

The Risk Reduction Project plans small scale, special initia-
tives on lifestyle risk factors including smoking. In 1987, the
Risk Reduction Project developed the Smoking in Worksite
Conference. The Risk Reduction Project supports the Chronic
Dis8aSe Branch by advocating and implementing any new
smoking laws. The project's Health Risk Appraisal Program
includes smoking as a risk factor and refers smoking
participants to cessation services.

0300.  HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH, Post
   Office Box 3378, Honolulu, Hawall 96801.

Program Title:

Smoking Information R8SOUrC8 S8rviC8S.

Contact:

Christine Ling, M.P.H., Chief, Health Promotion and Education
(808)548-5886.

221


Deacriptbn:
Films, pamphlets, professional literature, consultation ser-
vices, and referrals are provided to the community on the
hazards of tobacco smoking and passive smoking.

0301.  HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENTOF HEALTH, Post
   Office Box 3378, Honolulu, Hawaii 96891.

Program Tltb:
Telephone Survey.

Contact:

Mr. Eric Tash, Coordinator
(808)548-6246.

Descriptbn:

The telephone survey collects and disseminates data about
smoking in the State of Hawaii.

0393.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, IDAHO
   DIVISION, INC., 1699 Abbr Street, Post Office
   Box 5396, Boise, Idaho 937050366.

Program Mb:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Shelli P. Clemens, Program Director
(208)343-4609.

Deacriptbn:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0364.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCiATiON OF IDAHO,
   Alrport Plaza Offlco, 3295 Elder Street, Suite 149,
    Boles, idaho 83705.

Program Mb:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Don Bich, Executive Director
(208)394-5066.

Deacrlption:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0305.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCiATiON OF IDAHO,
   Alrport Plaza Offlce, 3295 Eider Street, Suite 140,
    Boise, Idaho 83705.

0302.  HAWAII STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Post
    Office Box 3378, Honolulu, Hawall 96861.

Program Tltie:

Tobacco Task Force Of Governor's Conference.

Contact:

Mr. Julian Lipsher, Project Director, Governor's Conference
(808)735-6581.

Dascrlptlon:

The Task Force develops strategies to achieve the Governor's
Conference objectives related to smoking and health adopted
in 1965.

IDAHO

Program Title:

Heart Health Education Of The Young.

Contact:

Mr. Don Bich, EX8WtiV8 Director
(208)384-5066.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Health Education Of
The Young program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0396.  DISTRICT SEVEN HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Post
    Offlea Box 1855,254 E Street, Idaho Falls, Idaho
     83403.

Program Tltie:

Chewing `N Dipping: The Priie Of A Pinch.

Contact:

Ms. Elyse Baird, Program Coordinator
(208)522-0310 ext.1 56.

Description:

A 50-minute classroom program is available upon request
from individual schools for health classes, grades - `o 12. The
students are introduced to: 1) the positive b  negative
aspects of chewing tobacco; 2) a brief history of its use; 3) the
health consequences of its use; 4) marketing strategies of the
tobacco industry; and 5) techniques for dealing with peer pres-
sure. A videotape introduces spokesmen from the American
tobacco industry and health officials. Students are en-
couraged to make responsible decisions to us8 or not use
smokeless tobacco products. Students also Complete an
anonymous survey on tobacco use.

222


0307.  DISTRICT SEVEN HEALM DEPARTMENT, Post
   Office Box 1855,254 E Street, Idaho Falls, Idaho
     63403.

Program Title:
Choose Health.

Contact:

Ms. Karen McGahan, Program Coordinator
(208)522-0310.

Descrlptlon:

Worksite risk-reduction classes, once designed to teach only
cardiac risk-factor awareness, have been modified to include
cancer-awareness content. Smoking is used as a catalyst to
lead a discussion of cardiac riiks into cancer risks and high-
light the message that smoking is one of the few risk factors
that qualifies as a major consideration in both diseases.
Handouts from all major smoking cessation organizations are
utilized. This program is supported by the Idaho Cancer
Coordinating Committee.

0308.  DlSTFllCT SEVEN HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Post
   Ctffce Box 1855,254 E Street, ldaho Falls, Idaho
     83403.

Program Title:

Tobacco Awareness Program.

Contact:

Jane McLaughlin, R.N., Program Coordinator
(208)522-0310.

Descrlptlon:

The Tobacco Awareness Program has been implemented to
reduce tobacco use in the schools. Minors cited by school
authorities for use of toba#x, are referred by the court system
to the health department where they are scheduled to attend
a 3hour class at their own expense ($25). The monthly
classes include information on the consequences of tobacco
use and screening for oral cancer. The objectives of the
program are to inform students of the major risks of tobacco
use, to give an oral screening by a dental hygienist, and to
enable the students to make effective decisions. Videos, film
strips, physiological testing machines, and role modeling are
used.

0309.  DISTRICT SEVEN HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Jef-
   ferson County Courthouse, School District Num-
   ber 251, Rlgby, ldaho 63442.

Program lltle:

School Tobacco Education Program.

COlltSOt:

Ms. Maryn Graham, Program Coordinator
(202)745-7297.

Descrlptlon:

Instruction in the dangers of tobacco use is provided for stu-
dents in grades 6, 8, and high school by: 1) teachers using
films and printed materials; 2) upperclass peer groups teach-
ing students in grade 6; 3) public health nurses offering

physiologic screenings (blood pressure, pulse, fine motor
movement, carbon monoxide levels); and 4) adult subjects
demonstrating before and after smoking physiologic measure-
ments.  The program is funded by the Idaho Cancer
Coordinating Committee.

0310.  IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WEL-
   FARE, DIVISION OF HEALTH, Statehouse, Boise,
     Idaho 83720-9990.

Program Title:

School Tobacco Education Program.

Contact:

Ms. Joanne Mitten, Health Education Specialist
(208)334-5933.

Descrlptlon:

The School Tobacco Education Program is a set of curriculum
activities related tothe prevention of tobacco use implemented
at the grade-6 level in Idaho schools. Activities focus on the
prevention of smoking as well as the use of smokeless tobac-
co. The program emphasizes skills related to positive self-
esteem and uses biofeedback equipment in some of the
activities.

0311.  IDAHO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 2621 Camas Street,
    Boise, Idaho 63705.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. William H. Smith, Executive Director
(208)344-6567.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0312.  IDAHO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 2621 CamasStreet,
    Boise, ldaho 63705.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Mr. William H. Smith, Executive Director
(208)~~6567.

Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

6313.  IDAHO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 2621 Camas Street,
   Boise, Idaho 83705.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days.

223


Contact:

Mr. William H. Smith, Executive Director
(208)344-6567.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking In
20 Days self-help manual is available. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0314.  IDAHO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 2621 Camas Street,
    Boise, Idaho 63705.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Mr. William H. Smith, Executive Director
(208)344-6567.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control program is

offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0315.  KOOTENAI MEDICAL CENTER, 2003 Lincoln
   Way, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho 83814.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Becky Reagan, Program Coordinator
(208)667-6441.

Descrlptbn:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and folbwup services
are provided.

0316.  ABRAHAM LlNCOLN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL,315
   Elghth Street, Lincoln, llllnols 62656.

Program Mb:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Gayle Lessen, Administrator's Secretary
(217)732-2161 ext.426.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase Ill provides an ongoing support and main-
tenance system. The total cost of the program is $140.
Hospital employees are reimbursed one-half the cost after 6
months of continuously not smoking and the other half after 1
year of continuously not smoking.

0317.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, ILLINOIS
   DIVISION, INC., 37 South Wabash Avenue,
   Chicago, lllinols 60603.

Program Mb:

Antismoking Programs For Youth And Aduits.

Contact:

Ms. Shirley Anderson, Associate Director, Prevention and
Early Detection
(312)372-0471.

Deecrlptbn:

Educational programs and support materials regarding the

ILUNOS

prevention and cessation of tobacco use are provided free of
charge. Programs include speakers and films, video, and
filmstrips targeted to specific age audiences. The FreshStart
four-session smoking cessation programs are also available.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0318.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
   AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulevard, Post Offlce Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    llllnols 60138.

Program Title:
Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Descrlptlon:

The Biofeedback Smoking Education Project sponsored by
the American Lung Association is offered to area schools and
organizations. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0319.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
   AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulevard, Post Office Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    llllnols 60138.

Program Title:

Community Education and Speakers' Bureau.

224


Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Descrlptlon:

Presentations are offered educating the public on the health
hazards of smoking and on smoking cessation techniques.
These programs are available to interested community,
professional, and service organizations.

0320.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
    AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulevard, Post Office Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
     llllnols 60138.

Program Title:
Community Information Requests.

Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Description:

This program researches, compiles, and distributes informa-
tion on subjects related to smoking and health using a
clearing-house approach.

0321.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
   AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
    Boulevard, Post Office Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    llllnols 60138.

Program Title:

Educational School Programs.

Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Descrlptlon:

Presentations and group discussions are held on the health
hazards of smoking and reasons for cigarette and marijuana
smoking in order to prevent and discourage their use. These
programs are for students in kindergarten through grade 8.

0322.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
    AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulevard, Poet Office Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
     llllnols 60136.

Program Tltb:
Health Fairs and Displays.

Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Descrlptbn:

American Lung Association pamphlets, posters, buttons, and
other materials are displayed and offered free to groups as re-
quested for the education of the public on issues related to
smoking and health.

0323.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF DU PAGE
   AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
    Boulevard, Post Office Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    llllnols 60138.

Program Title:
Hypnosis Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Beth M:Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Descrlptlon:

Group hypnosis clinics are conducted by a professionally
trained hypnotist to aid in the cessation of smoking.

0324.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
    AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulevard, Post Offlce Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    llllnols 60138.

Program Title:

Marijuana Education Programs.

Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Description:

Students, PTA, and other community organizations are intro-
duced to newsmagazines and other educational materials
from the American Lung Association's program, Marijuana: A
Second Look. Also, a limited number of parent news-
magazines are distributed throughout the community.

0325.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
   AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulevard, Post Offlce Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    llllnols 60138.

Program Mb:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)469-2400.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. Corpo are encouraged to host an on-site
program for employees. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0326.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
   AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulevard, Poet Office Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    Illlnols 60138.

Program Tltb:
Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

225


Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)489-2400.

Deaorlptbn:

Two self-help programs are offered: 1) Freedom From Smok-
ing In 20 Days, a self-help manual based on behavior
modification to facilitate smoking cessation; and 2) In Control,
a home video program teaching the smoker how to quit by
using behavior modification.

0327.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF DU PAGE
   AND MCHENRY COUNTIES, 526 Crescent
   Boulward, Post Office Box 590, Glen Ellyn,
    Illlnols 60136.

Program Mb:

Worksite Employee Assistance For Long Term Health
(WEALTH).

Contact:

Ms. Beth M. Barnes, Program Coordinator
(312)489-2400.

Descrlptbn:

Workslte Employee Assistance for Long Term Health is a
comprehensive worksite smoking policy program for com-
panies and corporations in Du Page and McHenry Counties.
The program assists in the organization and implementation
of smoking cessation programs on-site at interested com-
panies. The goal is to promote nonsmoking worksites for the
safety and health of the employees.

0328.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MIDEAST-
   ERN ILUNOIS, 110 West Water Street, Post Off Ice
    Box 437, Pontiac, llllnols 61764.

Program Mb:
Educational Programs.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Winters, Program Director
(815)844-3480.

Descrlptbn:

A number of American Lung Association programs are avail-
able for use in schools including Smoking Deserves A Smart
Answer. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0329. -  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MIPEAST-
   ERN ILLINOIS, 110 West Water Street, Post Off ice
   Box 437, Pontiac, Illinois 61764.

Program Mb:
Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Winters, Program Director
(815)844-3480.

Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0330.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MIDEAST-
   ERN ILLlNOlS, 110 West Water Street, Post Offlce
   Box 437, Pontiac, llllnols 61764.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Winters, Program Director
(815)844-3480.

Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0331.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MIDEAST-
   ERN ILLINOIS, 110 West Water Street, Post Off Ice
    Box 437, Pontiac, Illinois 61764.

Program lltb:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Winters, Program Director
(815)844-3480.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals are available on request. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0332.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MID-EAST-
   ERN ILLINOIS, 110 West Water Street, Post Office
    Box 437, Pontiac, Illinois 61764.

Program Mb:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Winters, Program Director
(815)844-3480.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
self-help program is available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0333.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH
   CENTRAL ILLINOIS, 402 Countryslde Center,
    Yorkvllle, llllnols 60560.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

226


Contact:

Ms. Nancy Kbssing, Program Director
(312)553-7000.

Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered to the community. Corporations are en-
couraged to sponsor the program in the workplace for
employees who smoke. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0334.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH
   CENTRAL ILUNOIS, 462 Countryslde Canter,
    Yorkvllle, Illinois 60560.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Kbssing, Program Director
(312)553-7000.

Descrlptbn:

The Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby, 1 O-day
self-help program, is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program desoription in Part 1.

0335.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATTON OF NORTH
   CENTRAL ILLINOIS, 462 Countryslde Canter,
    Yorkvllk, Illlnol8 60560.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Kbssing, Program Director
(312)553-7000.

Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Family program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0336.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH
   CENTRAL ILUNOIS, 402 Countryslde Cantor,
   Yorkvllb, Illlnols 60560.

Program Mb:
Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Kbssing, Program Director
(312)553-7000.

Desulptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program descriiion in Part 1.

0337.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NORTH
    CENTRAL ILLINOIS, 402 Countryside Center,
    Yorkvllle, llllnols 80560.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Kbssing, Program Director
(312)553-7000.

Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals are offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0338.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH
    CENTRAL ILLINOIS, 462 Countryslde Center,
    Yorkvllle, llllnols 60560.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Kbssing, Program Director
(312)553-7000.

Doscrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking cessa-
tion program isoff ered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0339.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH
    CENTRAL ILLINOIS, 402 Countryslde Center,
    Yorkvllle, llllnols 60560.

Program Tlth:
School Health Programs.

Contact:

Ms. Becky Yingling, Program Associate
(312)553-7000.

Dsscrlptbn:

A variety of school heatth education programs are offered for
students using films, videos, prepared curriculum material,
and in-school presentations to enhance programs. Topics in-
clude cigarette smoking, smokeless tobacco, marijuana, and
general lung health. Students take part in role-play situations.

0340.  CHICAGO HEART ASSOCIATION, 20 North
   Wackor Drlvo, Chbago, llllnols 60606.

Program Mb:
Heartline.

227


Contact:

Bette Naysmith, M.P.A., Program Director
(312)346-4675.

Description:

Through the Heartline public education program, information
is disseminated on smoking cessation and on smoking as a
major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Educational
films, pamphlets, and posters are available to community
groups and to individuals. These materials are distributed at
health fairs and through hospitals and community agencies.
Volunteer speakers are available.

0341.  CHICAGO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 1440 West
   Washlngton Boulevard, Chkago, llllnols 60607.

Program Title:

Esta Su Vida Yendose En Humo?

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Dore, Program Coordinator
(312)243-2000 ext.64.

Descrlptlon:

The foreign language departments of high schools and col-
leges in Cook County receive the bilingual (Spanish/English)
pamphlet Is Your Life Going Up In Smoke? This innovative
presentation catches the attention of the young people and is
one of the only methods that can effectively reach the
Spanish-speaking population, The message in the pamphlet
encourages young people to remain or become nonsmokers.
Tips on quitting are also included. When the pamphlet is sent
to the students of a language department, the teachers are
sent a sheet of suggested activities. Tea are also asked to
respond to an evaluation of the program.

0342.  CHICAGO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 1440 West
   Washlngton Boulevard, Chlcago, llllnols 60607.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Nedra Katz, Director, Smoking and Community Health
(312)243-2000.

Descrlptlon:
This ongoing program, available to allcorporations in the Cook
County area, focuses on developing smoking policies. Smok-
ing cessation classes are provided on-site to smokers who
want to quit. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0343.  CHICAGO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 1440 West
   Washlngton Boulevard, Chlcago, Illinois 60607.

Program Title:
How To Conduct A Stop-Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Dore, Program Coordinator
(312)243-2000.

Descrlptlon:

A P-day training program is offered to persons interested in ,
ganizing and conducting smoking cessation clinics in th
community, hospital, or workplace. Participants are trained
conduct the Chicago Lung Association's cessation clinic Y
Can Be In Control. The training clinic uses a training man1
complete with background information on smoking and heal
and communication skills. The film "Is It Worth Your Life'
shown.

0344.  CHICAGO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 1440 WC
   Washlngton Boulevard, Chlcago, llllnols 6060

Program Title:

Ouft Smoking Seff-Help Kit.

Contact:

Ms. Nedra Katz, Director, Smoking and Health Education
(3 12)243-2000.

Descrlptlon:

Upon request, a packet of se&help material is distributec
smokers who want to quit. This packet contains a self-h
test booklet, pamphlets, tips on quitting, tips on control
weight, a goal-setting sheet, a button, and a bookmark. A
included is a list of the smoking cessation clinics that are c
ducted in the community. Subjective evaluation of t
program has been conducted.

0346.  CHICAGO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 1440 WI
   Washlngton Boulevard, Chicago, llllnols 606C

Program Title:

Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Dore, Program Coordinator
(312)243-2000.

Descrlptlon:

This smoking prevention program disseminates informatioi
school children ages 9 through 12. For more information, :
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0346.  CHICAGO LUNG ASSOCIATION, 1440 WI
   Washington Boulevard, Chicago, llllnols 606C

Program Title:

You Can Be In Control Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Nedra Katz, Director, Smoking and Health Education
(312)243-2000.

Descrlptlon:

A variation on the American Lung Association's Freed
From Smoking program isoffered. The materials used inclr
posters, questionnaires, smoking cessation kits, time cha
daily record cards, worksheets, contracts, buddy car
progress charts, and films. Certificates are awarded to the F
ticipants. Individuals trained by the Chicago Lung Associat
act as teachers, This program was developed by both

228


University of Illinois, Chicago Circle Campus, Department of
Psychology, and the Chicago Lung Association.

0347.  CHICAGO MEDICAL SOCIETY (COOK COUNTY),
    515 North Dearborn Street, Chlcago, llllnols
     60610.

Program Title:

Tel-Med (Direct Line to Health Information).

Contact:

Ms. Sheila G. Danaher, Senior Manager
(312)670-2550.

Descrlptlon:

Operating as part of the national Tel-Med, Inc., of Cotton,
California, the Chicago Medical Society provides a
switchboard service that gives callers access to taped medi-
cal information. Of the 215 available tapes, 6 deal with smok-
ing and health. Titles of these tapes are: Do You Want to
Stop Smoking?, Reducing the Risks of Smoking, Gimmicks to
Help You Stop Smoking, Weight Control While Quitting Smok-
ing, Why a Woman Should Quit Smoking, How Smoking Af-
fects Your Health, What Do You Get Out of Smoking?, and
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on the Nonsmokers. The
switchboard is staffed by an operator. Approximately 2,000
callers a week use this service. The telephone number of the
switchboard is (312)670-3670.

0348.  CtTY OF CHICAGO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   50 West Washington Street, Chlcago, llllnols
     60602.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Classes In The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Hazel A. Domangue, Director, Employee and Inter-
governmental Relations
(312)744-4276.

Descrlptlon:

Smoking cessation classes are conducted once a month by
health employees who were trained by the American Cancer
So&y. The program is available to municipal employees.
Over 100 employees have gone through the program, one-
third of whom have kicked the habit. The program consists of
written materials, films, and class discussions. At the end of
the 4-day course, certificates and IQ pins are awarded. Clas-
ses are free and are hekf at noon in various health facilities
throughout the city.

0349.  COPLEY HEALTH AWARENESS CENTER, Lln-
   coin and Weston Avenues, Aurora, IIIlnols60505.

Program Title:
I Quit Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Gayle lennarella and Ms. Corrin Wallace
(312)844-1000 ext.4739 and 4737.

Descrlptlon:

This six-session clinic led by a qualified team of health profes-
sionals is designed to help individuals break the cigarette
habit. A group format is used to generate a support system.
All facets of the cigarette habit are explored and a variety of
techniques are offered to modify this behavior calmly and
without weight gain. An encouraging balance of education,
motivation, and mutual support is offered.

0350.  FREEPORT MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1045 West
   Stephenson, Freeport, llllnols 61032.

Program Tltle:
Smokebreakers.

Contact:

Sarajane Goers, R.N., Patient Care Coordinator
(815)235-4131 ext.367.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokebreakers program is scheduled quarterly and upon
request. It consists of six l-l/2-hour sessions. Methods
employed are the behavior modification theory, pathophysiol-
ogy, stress-reduction techniques, and diet management.
Goals are set by the smoker after consultation and self-
contracting. The cost of the program is $40.

0351.  GOTTLIEB MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 8700 West
    North Avenue, Melross Park, llllnols 60160.

Program Tttle:
How To Quit Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Carolyn Merriman, Program Coordinator
(312)451-4060.

Descrlptton:

This course consists of eight 1 -hour sessions designed to help
a person stop smoking. The program addresses physiologi-
cal and psychological aspects of smoking cessation using the
techniques of nicotine fading and focused smoking. During
the course, participants identify their smoking cues, learn how
to modify their daily routine to remove these cues, discuss
methods of coping with the new identity of nonsmoker, and
develop strong group support for the changes each participant
is experiencing.

0352.  GOTTLIEB MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 8700 West
    North Avenue, Melrose Park, llllnols 60160.

Program Tttle:

Stop Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Carolyn Merriman, Program Coordinator
(312)451-4060.

Descrlptlon:

This 6-week program of behavior modification helps partici-
pants quit smoking or at least reduce the number of cigarettes
they smoke. A step-by-step plan to quit smoking is taught.

229


This plan incorporates selfcontrol and relaxation techniques.
Films, a slide show, and a buddy system are used. Each par-
ticipant keeps a written record of his or her progress. These
records help both to evaluate the clinic's success and to
develop self-understanding in participants. ff the participant
attends all six of the sessions, half of the initial fee is refunded.
Awards are presented to individuals who have quit smoking
by the end of the program.

0353.  HYPNOSIS FOUNDAIlON OF CHICAGO, INC.,
   3317 West 05th Strsst, Evergreen Park Station,
   Chksgo, llllnols 60642.

Program Tltk:

Smoking Cessation By Hypnosis.

Contact:

Mr. Ronald R. Tatar, Executive Director
(312)233-9600.

Dsscrlptlon:

Hypnosis is used to aid individuals who have made a positive
decision to quit smoking. One private office visit is frequently
adequate. Those who are unable to visit the office may util-
ize a cassette tapa approved for sale by the FDA as a non-
medical device, entitled Smoking Cessation Through Positive
Thinking.

0354.  ILLlNOlS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH,
   535 West Jeffsrson Street, Sprlngfleld, llllnols
     62761.

Program Tltls:

Smoking Cessation Trainers Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. Steve Knobloch, Chief Public Heafth Educator
(217)785-2060.

Descrlptlon:

The program's objective is to train a representative from each
State agency as a clinic leader of the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking (FFS) program and to
have these trained clinic leaders provide cessation clinics at
their workplaces, distribute self-help smoking cessation
materials, and offer support and encouragement to interested
individuals. The program has trained and certified over 50
State agency personnel as FFS clinic leaders to date.

0355.  ILLINOIS INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON
   TOBACCO AND DISEASE, 1440 West
   Washington Boulevard, Chlcago, Illinois 60607.

Program Titk:

Rockford Local Council Rally For Grade Four and Springfield
Local Youth Council Rally For Grade Six.

Contact:

Ms. Marjorie Molyneaux, Executive Director
(312)243-2000.

Dsscrlptlon:

These programs are held in the spring. They are aimed at
teachers, parents, and students. The latest medical informa-
tion on tobacco use is presented at the time in children's lives
when they are tempted to start using tobacco. Other features
of the programs include bands, films, banners, and athletic
stars. Average attendance at Rockford is 3,000. Average
attendance at Springfield is 1,000.

0356.  ILLINOIS INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON
    TOBACCO AND DISEASE, 1440 West
   Washington Boulevard, Chlcago, llllnols 60607.

Program Title:
Survey of Illinois Hospitals.

Contact:

Ms. Marjorie Molyneaux, Executive Director
(312)243-2000.

Description:

In an effort to determine the smoking practices and programs
of hospitals in Illinois, the Interagency Council conducted a
survey of 316 health care organizations that provided inpatient
beds. Survey results were tabulated according to the size of
the hospital. The following is a list of the subjects covered in
the survey: type of hospital (private, mental health, Veterans
Administration); patient choice regarding having a nonsmok-
ing room; cigarette sales on the premises; provision of smok-
ing education programs for the community; prohibitions on
smoking in nurses' stations; provision of smoking education
programs for the staff; smoking policies in the emergency
room, labor and delivery room, pediatrics, and x-ray therapy
departments; and smoking in other areas of the hospital such
as the lobby and the cafeteria. The data show that patients
are not being consistently given a choice of a nonsmoking
room; that cigarettes are sold in most of the larger hospitals;
that few hospitals provide smoking programs for the patients,
community, or the staff; and that few hospitals provide non-
smoking areas within the lobby or cafeteria.

0357.  INGALLS MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, One lngalls
    Drive, Harvey, llllnols 60426.

Program Title:
I Quit Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Fine, Program Coordinator
(312)333-2300 ext.51 23.

Description:

This program is available to the general public as a clinic, to
hospital inpatients on closed-circuit television, as well as to
area businesses as an employee inservice. It focuses on the
medical hazards associated with smoking and the problems
of weight control, physical fitness, and stress management
whilequitting, and provides aforum fordiscussions of why par-
ticipants have chosen to smoke. Alternatives to smoking (such
as changes in behavior), nutrition, and activities involved in
maintaining general physical health are topics for meetings.

230


Group meetings also provide motivation and support to poten-
tial quitters. In addition to the group discussions, speakers,
brochures, posters, buttons, and films are used to convey the
nonsmoking message. Approximately 50 people attend each
clinic. Registration fee is $20, with a $10 rebate for full
attendance.

0356.  LEE COUNTY HEAL ,H DEPARTMENT, 144 North
    Court, Dlxon, Illinois 61021.

Program Mle:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Judy HartzelI, R.N., Coordinator of Health Promotion and
Screening
(815)284-X371.

Descrlptkn:

The Lee County Health Department sponsors a nonsmoking
program in cooperation with the American Lung Association,
entitled Freedom From Smoking. Programs are held on an
as-needed basis and duration is approximately 6 to 7 weeks.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0359.  LOGAN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 2120
    West 5th Street Road, Llnooln, llllnols 62656.

Program Mb:
Community Education.

Contact:

Marcia Dowling, R.N., B.S.N., Education Coordinator
(217)735-2817.

Descrlptkn:

The Logan County Health Department has been invofved in
smoking and health in four ongoing programs. Prenatal in-
struction is offered to county residents and to pregnant h'igh
school students. These programs are offered twice yearly as
Baby Care classes and Birth Education For Adolescents to
Reduce Risks classes. Dangers of smoking during pregnan-
cy are discussed. Pamphlets are also provided. Programs
on smoking and smokeless tobacco are available to schools
when desired. A display of smoking and smokeless tobacco
literature was provided for 9 days at the Logan County Fair
and 1 day at the Mount Pulaski Fall Festival. In addition, pul-
monary function testing was done to interested participants.
Smoking and smokeless tobacco information is available at
the health department for interested persons.

0360.  MACOUPfN COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, 227 f5ast Ffrst South Street, Carllnvllle,
    llllnok 62626.

Program lltb:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contad:

Kent Tarro, MS., R.D., Assistant Administrator
(217)854-5761.

Descrlptfon:

The Public Health Department offers the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking programs: group ces-
sation, self-help, and self-help during pregnancy. There is a
fee for materials. For more information, see the detailed
program descriptions in Part 1.

0361.  MASON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 118
    West Market, Havana, llllnois 62644.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Nina Krueger, R.N., Program Director
(309)543-2201.

Descrlptton:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are held every quarter and are available to all Mason
County residents. Pregnant women and mothers with young
chikfren are especially targeted. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0362.  MCDONOUGH COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, 303 East Jefferson, Macomb, llllnols
     61465.

Program Mle:

Smoking: The Decision Is Yours.

Contact:

Ms. Shirlee Jobe, Community Health Promoter
(309)637-9951.

Descrlptfon:

Smoking: The De&ion Is Yours is a slide and tape presen-
tation that points out the health risks of smoking and en-
courages viewers not to smoke. The presentation is
supplemented by brochures on smoking given to the audience
and is available upon request.

0363.  MCDONOUGH COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, 303 East Jefferson, Macomb, llllnols
    61455.

Program Tltfe:
Ounce Of Prevention.

Contact:

Ms. Shirlee Jobe, Community Health Promoter
(309)637-9951.

Dmcrlptlon:

Ounce Of Prevention is an ongoing weekly newspaper article
that features information about smoking and related health
problems. lt is published several times a year.

0364.  MtCHAEL REESE HEALTH PLAN, LAKESHORE
    HEALTH CENTER, 2545 South Dr. hlartln Luther
   Klng Drive, Chicago, llllnols 60616.

231


Program Tltb:
You Can Be In Control.

Contact:

Sandra Villalaz-Dickson, R.N., M.P.H., Manager, Health
Education
(312)842-7117.

Dsscrlptton:

You Can Be In Control is a behavioral approach to smoking
cessation devebped by the Chicago Lung Association in col-
laboration with the University of Illinois, Department of
Psychology. This program is offered at least five or six times
a year and consists of six l-1 K&hour sessions conducted in a
4-week period. The target audience is primarify members and
their families, but the general Chicago population is atso
recruited.

0365.  NORTHCARE MEMCAL GROUP, 467 Demlng
   Place, Chlcago, Illlnols 60614.

Program Tltb:
You Can Be In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Gretchen VanNatta, Director of Health Education and
Patient Communication
(312)248-7100.

Descrrptbn:

This six-session, 4-weekquit-smoking program is designed to
help break routines associated with smoking. The program
emphasizes behavior modification through gradual reduction
techniques. Discussion includes the effects of smoking ces-
sation on appetite, stress, and general health. Group support
and interaction are emphasized. Literature is provided.
Programs are given at NorthCare health centers and at
company worksites.

0366.  SAINT FRANCIS MEMCAL CENTER, CENTER
    FOR SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH FITNESS,
   530 Northeast Glen Oak Avenue, Peoria, Illlnob
    61637.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Terry Galvin Matthews, Program Coordinator
(309)655-CIGS(2447).

Dsscrlption:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Patti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

0367.  ST. THERESE MEDICAL CENTER, EDUCATlON-
    AL SERVICES AND COMMUNITY OUTREACH
   DEPARTMENT, 2615 West Washlngton Street,
   Waukegan, Illlnob 60095.

Program Mb:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Noreen Paulsen, Community Education Instructor
(312)360-2702.

Dascriptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart cessation
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0369.  STEPHENSON COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 15 North Gabna Avenue, Freeport, lllinols
     61032.

Program Mb:

Smoking Intervention Program.

Contact:

Mr. Martin Tinberg, Public Health Administrator
(815)235-8271.

Dsscrlptlon:

The Smoking Intervention Program is a planned series of in-
terventions designed to modify smoking behavior of pregnant
women during their term of pregnancy. The target group of
the program is high-risk women enrolled in the department's
Women, Infants, and Chifdren program. The objective is to
have 5 percent of the program participants quit smoking before
the end of their pregnancies.

0389.  VILLAGE OF SKOKIE HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Post Offlce Box 309,5127 Oakton Street, Skokle,
    Illlnob 6OOT7.

Program Title:

Skokie Stop Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. Lowell Huckleberry, Director of Health
(312)673-0500.

Description:

This smoking cessation program is offered every 6 months
and is available to all residents. Pregnant women are espe-
cially targeted. The program consists of six classes that util-
ize behavior modification and group support for smoking
cessation. The classes meet once a week and build up to quit
night, when everyone in the group quits. Materials are
provided and the instructor is available for individual counsel-
ing as needed. Participants who have been unable to quit or
who have resumed smoking are encouraged to repeat the
series. A $10 incentive deposit is returned to those
participants who stop smoking.


0379.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF CENTRAL
   INDIANA, 8777 Purdue Road, Sulte 310,
   Indianapolls, lndlana 462693109.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Joseph A. Caparo, Program Director
(317)872-9685.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics and self-help manuals are offered. For more
information, see the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

0371.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CENTRAL
   INDIANA, 8777 Purdue Road, Sulte 310,
   Indianapolis, lndlana 46268-3199.

Program Title:
Growing Healthy.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Ritz, Program Associate
(317)872-9685.

Description:

Growing Healthy, the primary grades' .health curriculum
project, focuses on the negative aspect of smoking in two
programs aimed at students in grade levels kindergarten
through 3, and 4 through 6. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0372.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCtATlON OF CENTRAL
   INDIANA, 8777 Purdue Road, Suite 310,
   lndlanapolls, lndlana 46268-3109.

Program Tltb:
Peer influence Smoking Education.

Contact:

Mr. Joseph A. Caparo, Program Director
(317)872-9685.

Descrlptlon:

The Peer Influence program focuses on students in grades 5,
6. and 7. Specialty trained high school students talk about the
heatth hazards of smoking, encouraging them never to start,
or if they have, to stop.

0373.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF INDIANA,
   8777 Purdue Road, Suite 310, Indianapolls,
    lndlana 462683199.

Program Tltb:
Athletes Against Tobacco.

INDIANA

Contact:

Ms. Kellie A. Pavese, Program Coordinator
(317)872-9685.

Description:

Volunteer athletes have joined with the American Lung
Association of Indiana and Senator Richard Lugar to assist in
Statewide efforts to encourage young people not to start the
cigarette habit. The athletes serve as role models to speak
out on the dangers of tobacco use. The athletes are used in
programs and events aimed at young people, such as boys
and girls clubs, youth rallies, and school events. Radio and
television spots are aired to promote the hazards of tobacco
use. Membership cards and posters are distributed to young
people so that they may become active members of Athletes
Against Tobacco. Club or school organizations may request
a list of athletes available.

0374.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF INDIANA,
   8777 Purdue Road, Suite 310, Indlanapolls,
    Indiana 46268-3109.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Starter Session.

Contact:

Ms. Kellie A. Pavese, Program Coordinator
(317)872-9685.

Description:

These starter sessions are designed to motivate smokers who
want to quit to take the first step. The sessions are held once
a month in convenient locations. The program introduces the
se&help manuals Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A
Lifetime Of Free&m From Smoking. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0375.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATlON OF INDIANA,
   8777 Purdue Road, Suite 310, Indlanapolls,
    lndlana 46268-3109.

Program Title:
Growing Heatthy.

Contact:

Ms. Kellie A. Pavese, Program Coordinator
(317)872-9685.

Dsscrlption:

Growing Healthy is the title of two companion curriculum
projects, the School Health Currkxlum Project for grades 4
through 7 and the Primary Grades Heatth Curriculum Project
for kindergarten through grade 3. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0376.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH-
   WEST INDIANA, INC., 7 East Columbia Street,
    Post Off Ice Box 4136, Evansville, Indiana 47711.

233


Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

0360.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH-
   WEST INDIANA, INC., 7 East Columbia Street,
   Post Office Box 4136, Evansvllle, lndlana 47711.

Contact:

Ms. Beth Thompson, Managing Director
(812)422-3402.

Program Mb:

Smoking Education For The Middle Schools.

Description:

Contact:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. Corpor are invited to host on-site
programs for employees. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

Ms. Audrey Ferguson, Field Representative
(812)234-5446.

Descrlptlon:

0377.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH.
   WEST INDIANA, INC., 7 East Columbla Street,
    Post Office Box 4136, Evansville, Indiana 47711.

This program is for $udents in grades 4,5, and 6. Through a
variety of activities and videos, children learn about the health
effects of smoking cigarettes, breathing secondhand smoke,
and using marijuana.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

0361.  INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, 1330 West
   Mlchlgan Street, Post Offlce Box 1964,
   Indianapolls, Indiana 46206-1964.

Contact:

Ms. Beth Thompson, Managing Director            Program Title:
(812)422-3402.                            FreshStart Plus.

Description:

Contact:

The Ameriin Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

Mr. Roger McClain, Director of Health Education
(317)633-0267.

Description:

0376.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH-
    WEST INDIANA, INC., 7 East Columbla Street,
    Post Off ice Box 4136, Evansvllle, lndlana 47711.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Beth Thompson, Managing Director
(812)422-3402.

This program uses a modified American Cancer Society
FreshStart program. The stop smoking clinic consists of six
sessions meeting twice weekly, with followup meetings 2
weeks and 1 month later. Ongoing support groups are also of-
fered, providing additional training in the skills that are intro-
duced in the FreshStart Plus program, such as stress
management, assertiveness, fitness, and nutrition.  The
smoking cessation sessions are l-l/2 to 2 hours in length,
depending upon materials discussed. FreshStart Plus is open
to all State Board of Health employees.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking In
20 Days and A Lifetime Of Freedom From Smoking self-help
manuals are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program descriptions in Part 1.

0362.  INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, 1330 West
   Michigan Street, Post Office Box 1964,
   Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-1964.

Program Title:
Growing Healthy.

0379.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH-
    WEST INDlANA, INC., 7 East Columbla Street,
    Post Office Box 4136, Evansvllle, lndlana 47711.

Contact:

Mr. Roger McClain, Director of Health Education
(317)633-0267.

Program Title:

Descrlptlon:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Beth Thompson, Managing Director
(812)422-3402.

Description:

The American Lung Associarbn's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information. see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

The State Board of Health and the Ameriian Lung Associa-
tion are working cooperatively in the promotion and support of
this comprehensive, sequential health education curriculum
for kindergarten through grade 7. The curriculum is the first
of its kind to receive national validation from the United States
Department of Education. There are currently 35 school car-
porations and 30,487 school children participating in the cur-
riculum; each year new school corporations are added. For
more information on this American Lung Association program,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

234


0363.  INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, 1330 West
   Mlchlgan Street, Post Office Box 1964,
   Indlanapolls, Indiana 46206-l 964.

Program Title:
Risk Factor Surveillance.

Contact:

Mr. Roger McClain, Director of Health Education
(317)633-0267.

Description:

The Risk Factor Surveillance program is an ongoing survey to
collect information on health habits in Indiana. The survey,
which involves adults 18 years and over, is done by computer-
assisted telephone interviews on a monthly basis during
evening hours and on weekends. Questions regarding diet
are asked, as well as ones pertaining to specific
demographics. for whom anonymity is maintained, are
selected using a technique called random-digit dialing
method. Survey results are used for program planning and
evaluation purposes.

0364.  INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, 1330 West
   Michigan Street, Post Office Box 1964,
   Indianapolis, Indiana 46206-1964.

Program Title:

Smokeless Tobacco Resource Materials.

Contact:

Mr. Roger M&lain, Director of Health Education
(317)633-0267.

Descrlptlon:

Several resources are available from the Division of Health
Education re
co: Are You Br arding smokeless tobacco. Smokeless Tobac-

cussin   eeling The Pinch? is a full-color pamphlet dis-

pamph B the dangers of smokeless tobacco use.  The
   et has color photographs of the oral eff eds of smoke-

less tobacco use, a message from Carlton Fiikof the Chicago
White Sax, and a fictitious letter from a young girl explaining
why she fmds smokeless tobacco a dis ustrng habit. The
Smokeless Tobacco Resource Materials rle contains a copy
           !
of the pamphlet, a smokeless tobacco fact sheet, State and
National educatronal resource lists, a summary of the Surgeon
General's report, a summary from the Inspector General's
report, and a copy of the smokeless tobacco law. The Spittin'
Image: A Smokeless Tobacco Teaching Guide For Grades
Four Through Seven is also available. It was produced in
cooperation with the Utah Departmentof Health. Several films
and filmstrips are available for free ban to Indiana residents
from the film library.

0366.  INDIANA STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, 1330 West
   Mlchlgan Street, Post Office Box 1964,
   Indianapolis, lndlana 46206-l 964.

Program Title:
Worksite Smoking Policiis.

Contact:

Mr. Roger McClain, Director of HeaRh Education
(317)633-0267.

Descrlptlon:

Resources are available to businesses, industries, and agen-
cies interested in developing a worksite smoking policy. Infor-
mation is available on health hazards of smoking and
secondhand smoke, suggested readings, films and
videotapes, and suggested policies.

0386.  LA PORTE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   Court House Square, La Porte, Indiana, 46350.

Program Title:
The Choice Is Yours.

Contact:

Ms. Betty Conjalka, Public Health Nurse
(219)326-6808.

Descrlptlon:

After introducing and showing the film "The Choice Is Yours,"
the Smoking Sam mannequin is used to demonstrate the
results smoking has on the lungs. Smoking Sam has glass
jar lungs filled with angel hair. As it smokes a cigarette and
the smoke goes into the lungs, the angel hair gradually turns
yellow then brown.

0367.  LA PORTE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   Court House Square, La Porte, Indiana 46350.

Program Tltfe:
Smoking Coloring Book.

Contact:

Ms. Betty Conjalka, Public Health Nurse
(219)326-6808.

Description:

The Smoking Coloring Book of the American Cancer Society
is presented to each student during nonsmoking presenta-
tions to first-grade classes. The nurse reads the book and ex-
plains the meaning of thetopicon each page. She has already
colored the book so that they will know what it will look like
after they color it. After reading the book, students are given
the opportunity to ask questions and give comments on what
they learned from the presentation.

0366.  MARION COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 222
   East Ohio Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46204.

Program Tttle:

Smoking And Pregnancy and Smoking And The Pill.

Contact:

Mr. Brian Lucas, Health Educator
(317)633-9731

Descrlptlon:

The programs are both one-time, 15-20-minute sessions utiliz-
ing slides, posters, and informational packets designed to
inform clients of the risks posed by smoking and encourage
clients to cut down or quit smoking. The clients' smoking

235


behaviors are noted on their charts and monitored to provide
some sense of the programs' effectiveness.

0369.  SAINT MARGARET HOSPITAL AND HEALTH
   CENTERS, 5454 Hohmsn Avenue, Hammond, ln-
    dlana 46320.

Program Title:

You Can Be In Control. A Stop Smoking Class.

Contact:

Ms. Marjorie Wenrel, Program Coordinator
(219)933-2071,

Descflptlon:

This program is based on the Chicago Lung Association
model that offers a step-by-step plan to smoking cessation.
The interval system allows each individual to become active-
ly involved through self-direction in learning to be a non-

smoker. Assistance is offered through self-control techni-
ques, relaxation techniques, group support, and weekly
contracts.

0390.  VIGO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 201
   Cherry Street, Terre Haute, Indiana 47607.

Program Mle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Angela Ferree, Coordinator of Adult Services
(812)236-6436.

Descrlptkn:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to the general public and also to Federal prison inmates. For
more Information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0391.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, IOWA DlVISlON,
   INC., Post Office Box 65710, West Des Moines,
     Iowa 502650710.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Leslie Jurgensen, Program Director
(515)253-0147.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered throughout the State. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0392.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, IOWA AF-
   FILIATE, 1111 Offlce Park Road, West Des
    Moines, lowa 50265.

Program Title:

Heart Health Education of The Young.

Contact:

Mr. William Cardamon, Director of Community Programs
(515)224-l 025.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart Health Education Of
The Young program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0393.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, IOWA AF-
   FILIATE, 1111 Offlce Park Road, West Des
    Moines, Iowa 50265.

KlWA

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Mr. William Cardamon, Director of Community Programs
(515)224-1025.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0394.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, IOWA AF-
   FILIATE, 1111 Offlce Park Road, West Des
   Moines, Iowa 50265.

Program me:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Mr. William Cardamon, Director of Community Programs
(515)224-l 025.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0395.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, IOWA AF-
   FILIATE, 1111 Offlce Park Road, West Des
   Molnes, Iowa 50265.

Program Title:
Let's Talk About Smoking.

236


Contact:

Mr. William Cardamon, Director of Community Programs
(515)224-l 025.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Let's Talk About Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0396.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, IOWA AF-
    FILIATE, 1111 Office Park Road, West Des
    Moines, Iowa 50265.

Program ntk:

Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. William Cardamon, Director of Community Programs
(515)224-1025.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0397.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF IOWA, 1321
   Walnut, Des Molnos, bwa 50309.

Program Mle:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Carol L. Sipfle, Director of Smoking Intervention
(515)243-1225.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0398.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF IOWA, 1321
    Walnut, Des Moines, Iowa 50309.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Carol L. Sipfle, Director of Smoking Intervention
(515)243-1225.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby self-help program is offered. For more
information, see the program description in Part 1.

0399.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF IOWA, 1321
    Walnut, Des Moines, lows 50309.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Ms. Carol L. Sipfle, Director of Smoking Intervention
(515)243-1225.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Family program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0400.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF IOWA, 1321
    Walnut, Des Moines, Iowa 50309.

Program Title:
1'11 Never Smoke.

Contact:

Ms. Carol L. Sipfle, Director of Smoking Intervention
(515)243-1225.

Descrlptlon:

Junior high school students serve as counselors and role
models for students in kindergarten through grade 6. Smok-
ing is discouraged by illustrating the effects of smoking on the
smoker and the nonsmoker, and by emphasizing decision
making.

0401.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF IOWA, 1321
    Walnut, Des Moines, Iowa 50309.

Program Tltle:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Carol L. Sipfle, Director of Smoking Intervention
(515)243-1225.

Description:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking
cessation program is offered. A 13-segment videocassette,
20-minute audiocassette and workbook are used and may be
purchased or borrowed at no cost. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0402.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF IOWA, 1321
   Walnut, Des Moines, Iowa 50309.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Carol L. Sipfle, Director of Smoking Intervention
(515)243-1225.

Description:

Nine-week smoking cessation support groups are cospon-
sored by the American Lung Association of bwa and lowa
State University. The first 3 weeks of the program prepare
smokers to quit and then group members quit. The following
6 weeks focus on maintenance of the nonsmoking behavior.
The program is based on 18 years of research by Harry Lando,
Ph.D., of Iowa State University.

237


0403.  IOWA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH,
    Lucas State Offlw Bullding, Fourth Floor, Des
    Molnss, Iowa 5031 Q-0075.

Program TM:

Health Department Activities For Iowa.

Contact:

Ms. Monica H. Eischen, Chief, Bureau of Health Promotion
(515)281-6779.

Description:

The Department of Public Health provides technical assis-
tance to business industry and State agencies in developing
and establishing worksite smoking policies, sponsors smok-
ing-related conferences, facilitates smoking withdrawal clas-
ses for State employees, and serves as a clearinghouse for
smoking-related information and resource material including
smokeless tobacco. Requests from management about new
legislation and from employees who believe the law is not
being enforced receive responses.

The Bureau of Health Promotion provides smoking withdrawal
classes for State employees based on the American Cancer
Society's FreshStart program. The classes are conducted by
a nurse consultant. For more information, see the description
in Part 1.

The bureau also has information about smoking withdrawal
methods, local resources that offer classes, statistics about
the numbers of smokers, passive smoke issues, etiology of
smoking, and smokeless tobacco. This information is
provided upon request.

A smokeless tobacco package, developed for distribution to
schools throughout Iowa, includes resource materials, a
teaching packet, and slides. The p&age was produced by
the Department of Public Health, Voluntary Health Organiza-
tion, University of Iowa, lowa Coalition for Comprehensive
School Health Education, and others.

0404.  MERCY HOSPITAL, HEALTH PROMOTION, West
   Central Park at Marquette, Davenport, Iowa
     52804.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Claudia Cox, Program Coordinator
(319)383-l 000.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for

cessation; and Phase Ill provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0405.  MERCY HOSPITAL WELLNESS PROGRAM, 701
    10th Street SE., Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52403.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Lee Anne Houtz, Health Promotion Coordinator
(319)398-6591

Descrlptlon:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0406.  ST. JOSEPH MERCY HOSPITAL, 84 Beaumont
   Drive, Mason City, Iowa 50401.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Jean Torgerson, Consumer Health Education
(515)424-7393.

Descrlptlon:

The self-help smoking cessation and maintenance materials
developed by the American Lung Association are offered to
inpatients, outpatients, and hospital employees. Individual
counseling is available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0407.  ST. JOSEPH MERCY HOSPITAL, 84 Beaumont
   Drlve, Mason City, Iowa 50401.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Robert Mason, Director, Health Consultation Services
(515)424-7889.

Descrlptlon:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

238


0408.  THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, KANSAS
    DIVISION, INC., 3003 Van Buren, Topeka, Kansas
     66611.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Stacy Hoogstraten, Vie President for Public Education
(913)267-0131.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. A variety of pamphlets, poster, and films about smok-
ing are also available from the society. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0409.  THE AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY,. KANSAS
   DIVISION, INC., 3003 Van Buren, Topeka, Kansas
     66611.

Program Title:
Smokeless Squares.

Contact:

Ms. Stacy Hoogstraten, Vice President for Public Education
(913)267-0131.

Descrlptlon:

Smokeless Squares is a smokeless tobacco kit developed by
medical professionals, teachers, and the American Cancer
Society for students in kindergarten through grade 6 to show
the dangers of all tobacco products. lt contains a video
presentation designed and performed by children and
suggests lesson plans for the teachers.

0410.  THE AMERlCAN CANCER SOClETY, KANSAS
   DlVISlON, INC., 3003 Van Buren, Topeka, Kansas
     66611.

Program Tltk:
Trouble In A Pinch.

Contact:

Ms. Stacy Hoogstraten, Vii President for Public Education
(913)267-0131

Descriptbn:

Trouble In A Finch is a smokeless tobacco kit developed by
medical professionals, teachers, and the American Cancer
Sociity for students in grades 7 through 12 to show the
dangers of all tobacco products. lt is a five-part series featur-
ing video presentations by WDAF-TV of Kansas City. This is
a straightforward factual program including interviews with the
Surgeon General, Kansas City Royal George Brett, and the
mother of a young man who died from cancer after using
smokeless tobacco. Lesson plans and discussion questions
accompany the video.

KANSAS

0411.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KANSAS,
    4300 Drury Lane, Post Off Ice Box 4426, Topeka,
    Kansas 66604.

Program Title:

Hugh McCabe: The Coach's Final Lesson.

Contact:

Ms. Mavis Glenn, Program Secretary
(913)272-9290 or (800)432-3957.

Descrlptlon:

As pan of the Smoke-Free Family Program, this video is avail-
able on a free loan basis to schools, organizations, medical
facilities, and individuals. A variety of pamphlets in the area
of smoking education are also available; the catalog will be
sent upon request. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0412.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF KANSAS,
    4300 Drury Lane, Post Off Ice Box 4426, Topeka,
     Kansas 66604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Facilitators' Training Session.

Contact:

Ms. Roberta Kunkle, Smoking Education Consuitant
(913)272-9290 or (800)432-3957.

Descrlptlon:

This program is for persons interested in becoming stopsmok-
ing clinic leaders. During the training, prospective instructors
explore the concepts, philosophy, materials, and techniques
that are incorporated into Freedom From Smoking clinics.
Audiovisual materials are shown and group dynamic skills are
practiced. In order to be certified, instructors agree to main-
tain the integrity of the program, conduct at least one clinic a
year, and schedule all clinics through the American Lung
Association of Kansas. Cost of the training is $30.

9413.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF KANSAS,
    4300 Drury Lane, Post Offlce Box 4426, Topeka,
     Kansas 66604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby, Clinics For
Pregnant Women.

Contact:

Ms. Roberta Kunkle, Smoking Education Consultant
(913)272-9290 or (800)4323957.

Deacrlptlon:

This is a group program for pregnant smokers based on the
self-help book, Freedom From Smoking For You And Your
Baby. The dinics are scheduled on request, usually through
schools or health departments. For more information on the

239


self-help manual, see the detailed program description in
Pan 1.

0414.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF KANSAS,
   4300 Drury Lane, Post Office Box 4426, Topeka,
     Kansas 66604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Public Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Roberta Kunkle, Smoking Education Consultant
(913)272-9290 or (800)432-3957.

Description:

Clinics are held four times a year in Topeka-Kansas City
metropolitan area and in Wichita. They are also offered in
various areas of the State. The cost is $50 for each par-
ticipant. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0415.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF KANSAS,
    4300 Drury Lane, Post Office Box 4426, Topeka,
     Kansas 66604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Workplace Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Roberta Kunkle, Smoking Education Consultant
(913)272-9290 or (800)432-3957.

Descrlptlon:

This program is provided at the request of employers. lt is
delivered at the worksite, during working hours or at the close
of the workday. Groups are open to employees and members
of their families. The cost is $50 a person, with a minimum of
12 participants. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0416.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KANSAS,
   4300 Drury Lane, Post Office Box 4426, Topeka,
     Kansas 66604.

Program Title:

Self-Help Smoking Cessation Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Mavis Glenn, Program Secretary
(913)272-9290 or (800)432-3957.

Description:

The following manuals are available upon request: Freedom
From Smoking In 20 Days, A Lifetime of Freedom From Smok-
ing, Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby, and
Freedom From Smoking ForYou And Your Family. The prices
vary from $5 to $7. For more information, see the detailed
program descriptions in Part 1.

0417.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF KANSAS,
   4300 Drury Lane, Post Office Box 4426, Topeka,
     Kansas 66604.

Program Title:

Smoke-Free Class Of 2000 Project.

Contact:

Ms. Jan Michei, Director of Communications
(913)272-9290 or (800)432-3957.

Description:

A coalition of the American Lung Association, the American
Cancer Society, and the American Heart Association has
been formed to work together on the Smoke-Free Class Of
2000 Project. Planning is now underway to involve a number
of first-grade students. This is an ongoing program that will
follow these students as they progress through elementary
and secondary school. The goal of the coalition is to make
this the first class to graduate without any students who are
smokers. Through this program, the coalition is helping the
Surgeon General reach the goal of a Smoke-Free Society by
the year 2000.

0418.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF KANSAS,
   4300 Drury Lane, Post Office Box 4426, Topeka,
     Kansas 66604.

Program Title:
Smoking Education.

Contact:

Ms. Roberta Kunkle, Smoking Education Consultant
(913)272-9290 or (800)432-3957.

Description:

A variety of special programs include: Business Consult-
ations On Smoking Policy; Employee Education And Aware-
ness Programs; School Education Programs; and Educational
Programs For Organizations. These programs can be
designed to meet a variety of needs.

0419.  JOHNSON COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBUC
    HEALTH, 6000 Lamar, Room 140, Misslon,
     Kansas 66202.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Anita Sauerwein, R.N., Health Promotion Coordinator
(913)791-5660.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's smoking cessation program
is offered to adult smokers in the community. For more infor-
mation on this American Cancer Society program, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

240


0420.  JOHNSON COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBUC
    HEALTH, 6000 Lamar, Room 140, Mission,
     Kansas 66202.

Program Title:
Personal Wellness.

Contact:

Anita Sauerwein. R.N., Health Promotion Coordinator
(913)791-5660.

Descrlptlon:

As part of an adult health and fitness program, counseling and
referral is offered to smokers. One-hour individual sessions,
which include physical assessment and counseling, are of-
fered at the worksiteor by appointment at county health clinics.
The program offers the opportunity to assess lifestyle and
health risks with focus on reducing risks of heart attack, can-
cer, and stroke. A computerized health risk appraisal is per-
formed for each participant. For those who report a smoking
history, appraisal results will include relevant facts on smok-
ing and health with referral to local programs and resources
to help them quit. A pamphlet library carrying a wide variety
of information from Federal and State health agencies,
American Cancer Society, American Lung Association,
American Heart Association, and others is available to ail par-
ticipants. An evaluation of health goals determined during a
private counseling session is offered at 1 month and again at
6 months.

0421.  KANSAS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND EN-
   VIRONMENT, Forbes Field, Topeka, Kansas
     66620-0001.

Program Title:

Task Force On Hazards Of Tobacco Consumption.

Contact:

Jenny Ransom, M.A., Adult Health Promotion Administrator
(913)296-1226.

Description:

A task force chaired by the Kansas Department of Health and
Environment and representatives from State and community
health agencies meets monthly to network resources and
publicize the hazards of tobacco consumption to Kansans.
This task force provides free consultation and materials on the
hazards of tobacco consumption. The following agencies are
represented on the task force: The Kansas Department of
Health and Environment, Social Rehabilitation Services,
American Cancer Society, American Lung Association,
Department of Human Resources, American Heart Associa-
tion, Topeka/Shawnee County Health Department, Kansas
Department of Education, Wiihita&dgwick County Health
Department, Kansans For Non-Smokers Rights, and Kansas
Department on Aging.

0422.  RENO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT AND
    HOME HEALTH AGENCY, 209 West Second,
    Hutchlnson, Kansas 67501.

Program Title:

School Age Smoking Education.

Contact:

Virginia Garst, R.N., PATCH Smoking Cessation Task Force
Chair
(3 16)663-672 1.

Description:

An annual school education program of one to two hours is
presented to students in grades 7 and 8. Through videos,
films, and speakers, this program provides insight into the
health impact of smoking and awareness of advertising
promotions and peer pressures regarding smoking. Pre- and
posttest evaluation surveys are completed to measure impact
of information.

0423.   RENO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT AND
    HOME HEALTH AGENCY, 209 West Second,
    Hutchlnson, Kansas 67501.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Clinics.

Contact:

Carolyn Carter, R.N., Public Health Nurse Supervisor
(316)663-6721.

Description:

Smoking Cessation Clinics are available to the employees of
area businesses on an as requested basis. There are four or
five day or evening sessions over a 2- to 3-week period.
Clients develop and conduct their own smoking cessation
plans by utilizing methods of both the American Cancer
Society's FreshStart Program and the American Lung
Association's programs encouraging lifestyle behavior chan-
ges based on knowledge and information about self and
smoking.

0424.  ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL, Post Offlce Box 5201,
    Sallna, Kansas 67402-5201.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Peg Romine, Program Coordinator
(913)827-5591.

Description:

Stop Smoking Clinics are based on the American Cancer
Society's FreshStart program. The clinic utilizes education,
mutual support, and behavior modification principles to deal
with addiction and withdrawal, lifestyle changes, and relapse
prevention. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0425.  TOPEKA-SHAWNEE COUNTY HEALTH
   AGENCY, 1615 West 8th Street, Topeka, Kansas
     66606.

241


Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Linda Bonnel, R.N., Health Promotion Supervisor
(913)233-8961.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion program is offered quarterly through the City-County
Health Agency. Although the fee is $20, services are not
denied to those unable to pay. The dass is offered to the com-
munity as well as in conjunction with a corporate wellness
program. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

KENlUCKY

0426.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, KENTUCKY
    DIVISION, INC., Medical Arts Bulkflng, 1169 East-
   ern Parkway, Loulsvllle, Kentucky 40217.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Joyce Compton, Public Education Director
(502)459-l 867.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. Also four sessions to train instructors are
scheduled each year. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0427.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN-
    TUCKY, Post Offlce Box 969, Louisville,
    Kentucky 40201.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stafford, Health Educator
(502)363-2652.

Descrlptlon:

This program provides smoking education, policy develop-
ment, and smoking cessation for the workplace, combining all
the smoking related services provided by the American Lung
Association of Kentucky in a complete package. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0428.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN-
   TUCKY, Post Office Box 969, Louisville,
   Kentucky 40201.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Staufacker, Health Education Director
(502)363-2652.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking

clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0429.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN-
   TUCKY, Post Office Box 969, Loulsvllle,
    Kentucky 40201.

Program lltls:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stafford, Health Educator
(502)363-2652.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help program for pregnant women is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0430.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN-
    TUCKY, Post Office Box 969, Loulsvllle, Ken-
    tucky 40201.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Staufacker, Health Education Director
(502)363-2652.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
Self-Help Manuals are offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0431.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN.
    TUCKY, Post Offlce Box 969, Louisville,
    Kentucky 40201.

Program Title:
Growing Healthy.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Staufacker, Health Education Director
(502)363-2652.

242


Description:

The American Lung Association's Growing Healthy educa-
tional program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0432.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN-
    TUCKY, Post Offlce Box 969, Loulsvllle,
    Kentucky 40201.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Staufacker, Health Education Director
(502)363-2652.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking cessa-
tion program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0433.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN-
    TUCKY, Post Offlce Box 969, Loulsvllle,
    Kentucky 40201.

Program Title:

Lungs Are For Life Modules.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Staufacker, Health Education Director
(502)363-2652.

Description:

These classroom teaching modules, introducing health ac-
tivities, are available to area schools. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0434.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF KEN-
    TUCKY, Post Office Box 969, Louisville,
    Kentucky 40201.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy Kii.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stafford, Health Educator
(502)363-2652.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered to area health care personnel. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0435.  COOPER/CLAYTON, Department of Communlty
   Dentlstry, Chandler Medical Center, M-l 29,
   Unlverslty of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
    40506-0027.

Program Title:

The Cooper/Clayton Method To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Thomas M. Cooper, D.D.S., Professor, Department of Com-
munity Dentistry and Richard R. Clayton, Ph.D., Professor,
Department of Sociology
(606)233-5281 or (606)257-4420.

Descrlptlon:

The Cooper/Clayton method is taught in 1 -hour support group
sessions offered weekly to a maximum of 20 persons. The
program operates on a rolling admissions basis. The par-
ticipant is required to attend 24 weekly group sessions, the
equivalent of 1 full day or 3 working days. The target audience
is heavy smokers, those smoking from 30 to 80 cigarettes a
day. The program is based on the assumption that virtually
all heavy smokers are addicted to nicotine. During the first 2
weeksof the program the smokers record their daily consump-
tion of cigarettes. Beginning with week 3, the participants use
nicotine polacrilex on a fixed-dose regimen and do so for a
totalof 6 weeks. Beginning with week 9, the participants begin
a phased backdown off the nicotine polacrilex so that at week
24 they have not smoked for 22 weeks and they are complete-
ly free of nicotine. During the weekly group sessions, various
topics are covered including factors related to relapse, weight
gain and how to avoid it, the role of nicotine in the brain and
body, and how to cope with stress as an adult nonsmoker.
The sessions are completely positive in tone and do not
emphasize the negative consequences of smoking.

0436.  KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT FOR HEALTH SER-
    VICES, HEALTH PROMOTION BRANCH, 275 East
    Maln Street, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621.

Program Title:

Great American Smokeout.

Contact:

Ms. Edie Crews, Program Coordinator
(502)564-7112.

Descrlptlon:

The Great American Smokeout is conducted in State agen-
cies in Frankfort as well as in local health departments
throughout the State. lt is conducted annually in November
and activities last for a week. Activities include voluntary sign-
ups for participation, cessation information, and followup
evaluation. Through the foliowup evaluation, it has been
determined thatforthose employees who do not smoke during
the 24-hour period of the Smokeout, there is a high success
rate of quitting permanently.

0437.  KENTUCKY DEPARTMENT FOR HEALTH SER-
   VICES, HEALTH PROMOTION BRANCH, 275 East
    Main Street, Frankfort, Kentucky 40621.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Program For State Employees.

Contact:

Ms. Edie Crews, Program Coordinator
(502)564-7112.

243


Descrlptlon:

The Health Promotion Branch serves as a resource in guiding
employees to smoking cessation programs when requested.
Self-help programs are also available upon request.

0438.  LEXINGTON-FAYETTE COUNTY HEALTH
    DEPARTMENT, 650 Newton Plke, Lexington,
    Kentucky 40508.

Program Title:
Stop-Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Carol Vaughn, R.N., Director, Special Services
(606)252-2371.

Descrlptlon:

The program consists of six weekly l-hour sessions offered
to employees free of charge. Participants are taught interven-
tion techniques and provided with information on the health
effects of smoking. Positive reinforcement through group in-
teraction plays a major role in the program's implementation.

0439.  MAXICARE KENTUCKY, INC., 870 Corporate
    Drlve, Suite 402, Lexington, Kentucky, 40503.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Paavola, Health Education Director
(606)223-4554.

Descrlptlon:

This organization conducts smoking cessation clinics using
the materials and guidelines provided by the American Cancer
Society and the American Lung Association.

0440.  THE NORTON LIFESTYLE CENTER, 226 East
   Broadway, Loulsvllle, Kentucky 40202.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:
The Norton Careline
(502)562-7018.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
Go?; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0441.  THREE RIVERS DISTRICT HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, Rout. 5, Box 16A, Owenton, Kentucky
    40359.

Program Title:
Tobacco Education.

Contact:

Ms. Carol L. Donnelly, Health Educator
(502)484-3412.

Descrlptlon:

The program is offered twice monthly, for 3 months each
semester. Each session is 45 minutes In length. Students in
grade 4 are tested before and after participation in the program
on their knowledge of the effects of tobacco on the body.
Films, pamphlets, models, games, and other audiovisual aids
are used.

0442.  WEDCO DISTRICT HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Post
    Offlce Box 226, Highway 36, Carllsle, Kentucky
    40311.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Lee Rose, R.N., Program Director
(606)289-2188.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to all prenatal, hypettension, and diabetic patients, free of
charge. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

LOUISIANA

0443.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, LOUISIANA    Contact:
   DIVISION, INC., Masonic Temple Building, Suite   Mr. Garrett G. Stearns, Executive Vice President
   700, 333 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans,   (504)523-2029.
    Loulslana 70130-3118.                Description:

Program Title:
Education Programs.

The American Cancer Society's educational programs are
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
descriptions in Part 1.

244


0444.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, LOUISIANA
   DIVISION, INC., Masonlc Temple Building, Suite
   700, 333 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans,
    Louisiana 70130-3118.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Garrett G. Stearns, Executive Vice President
(504)523-2029.

Descrlptlon:

The FreshStart program is offered free of charge throughout
the State. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0446.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, LOUISIANA,
   INC., 105 Campus Drive East, Post Office Box
   159, Destrehan, Loulslana 70047-0159.

Program Title:
Calling lt Quits.

Contact:

Mr. Paul A. Baricos, Program Director
(504)764-8711.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's self-help smoking
cessation brochure, Calling R Quits, is available upon request.

0446.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, LOUISIANA,
   INC., 105 Campus Drive East, Post Office Box
   159, Dsstrehan, Loulslana 700470159.

Program lltk:
In Control.

Contact:

Mr. Paul A. Baricos, Program Director
(504)764-8711.

Descrlptlon:

The home video smoking cessation program, In Control, is
available through the American Heart Association's Heart At
Work worksite health promotion program. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0447.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, LOUISIANA,
   INC., 105 Campus Drlve East, Post Office Box
   159, Dsstrehan, Loulslsna 70047Q159.

Program Tltb:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. Paul A. Baricos, Program Director
(504)764-8711.

Descrlptbn:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart

program is conducted in schools by students. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0448.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   LOUISIANA, 333 St. Charles Avenue, Suite 500,
   New Orleans, Loulslana 70130-3180.

Program Title:

Freedom Frdm Smoking In 20 Days.

Contact:

Mr. Ben Fontaine, Director of Community Programs
(504)523-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals are offered for the cost of $10. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0449.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   LOUISIANA, 333 St. Charles Avenue, Suite 500,
   New Orleans, Loulslana 70130-3180.

Program ntle:
Group Hypnosis.

Contact:

Mr. Ben Fontaine, Director of Community Programs
(504)523-5864.

Descrlptlon:

Group hypnosis is conducted by a certified group hyp-
notherapist at sites throughout the State. It is a go-minute
clinic given five times a year at a cost of $35 a person. This
program is available to the general public and as an individual-
ized program for businesses and corporations. The group is
hypnotized three times during the clinic, and all receive
support literature and a followup tape cassette.

0450.  LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   HUMAN RESOURCES, OFFICE OF PREVENTIVE
   AND PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, 325 Loyola
   Avenue, Post Offlce Box 60630, New Orleans,
     Loulslsna 70160.

Program Title:
Patient And Community Education.

Contact:

Mr. Joseph D. Kimbrell, Deputy Assistant Secretary for
Programs
(504)568-5050.

Dsscrlptbn:

The Chronic Disease Section promotes patient and com-
munity information on the health hazards of smoking through
counseling individual clients in the hypertension control and
prenatal clinics and through community presentations to
wups.

245


0451.  OUACHITA PARISH HEALTH UNIT, 2913 Desiard
    Street, Post Offke Box 4460, Monroe, Loulslana
     71211.

Program Title:

Louisiana High Blood Pressure Control.

Contact:

Nursing Supervisor of the Ouachita Parish Health Unit and
Assistant Nursing Supervisor of the West Monroe Health Unit
(318)362-3400 and (318)322-3554.

Descrlptlon:

This program, which targets black male adolescents, seeks to
control and prevent chronic cardiovasculardisease bycontrol-
ling important risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, hyper-
tension, exercise accordance, and imbalanced diet. The
program also serves as a referral source for private- and
public-sector physicians who can use the program's patient
education and counseling resources to enhance patient
compliance with the physician's treatment plans.

0452.  THE WELLNESS INSTITUTE, 2901 General de
   Gaulle Drlve, Suite 106 B, New Orleans,
     Loulslana 70114.

Contact:

Harold H. Dawley, Jr., Ph.D., Program Director
(504)361-l 845.

Description:

Smokefree is a comprehensive worksite smoking control, dis-
couragement, and cessation program developed over a 14-
year period. Smoking control consists of consultation on
restricting smoking at the worksite along with providing no
smoking signs. Smoking discouragement involves the place-
ment of 12 different posters using humor to emphasize quit-
ting throughout the worksite. The Smokefree smoking
cessation program is offered in conjunction with smoking con-
trol and discouragemeht and is available in three different for-
mats. The first smoking cessation format is a self-help
program consisting of the book Smokefree - How to Stop
Smoking in Nine Easy Steps and the audiotape HypnoQuit -
How to Stop Smoking through Self-Hypnosis, and three packs
of Quit-Stiks, smoking substitutes made from natural cin-
namon sticks. The second format involves the use of the seif-
help program in conjunction with a workshop. The third format
involves the use of the self-help program in conjunction with
a group program of eight l-hour sessions over a 3-week
period. Folfowup is available for all three cessation formats.
Smokefree is research based and has been used in several
funded research studies with over 15 articles published in
various professional journals relating to its effectiveness.

Program Title:
Smokefree.

MAINE

0453.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAINE
   DIVISION, INC., 52 Federal Street, Brunswick,
     Maine 04011.

Program ntle:

An Early Start To Good Health.

Contact:

Ms. Connie Reed, Assistant Public Education Director
(207)729-X339 or (800)482-0113.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's primary grades smoking
education program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0454.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAINE
   DIVISION, INC., 52 Federal Street, Brunswick,
    Maine 04011.

Program ntle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Vicki Johnson Purgavie, Public Education Director
(207)729-3339 or (800)482-0113.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0455.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAINE
   DIVISION, INC., 52 Federal Street, Brunswick,
     Maine 04011.

Program Title:
Health Myself.

Contact:

Ms. Connie Reed, Assistant Public Education Director
(207)729-X339 or (800)482-0113.

Description:

This three-unit teaching kit is designed for students in grades
7 through 9. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0456.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAINE
   DIVISION, INC., 52 Federal Street, Brunswick,
     Malne 04011.

246


Program Mb:
Health Network.

Contact:

Ms. Connie Reed, Assistant Public Education Director
(207)729-3339 or (800)482-0113.

Descrlptlon:

This program, designed for students in grades 4 through 6, is
a followup to An Early Start to Good Health. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0457.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAINE
   DIVISION, INC., 52 Federal Street, Brunswick,
    Maine 04011.

Program Tltb:
Healthy Decisions.

Contact:

Ms. Connie Reed, Assistant Public Education Director
(207)729-3339 or (800)462-0113.

Desorlptlon:

This computer software program is designed for students in
grades 4 through 6. ,,For more information, see the detailed
program description rn Part 1.

0458.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAINE
   MVIStON, INC., 52 Federal Street, Brunswick,
    Maine 04011.

Program Mb:
Smoke-Free Young America.

Contact:

Ms. Connie Reed, Assistant Public Education Director
(207)729-3339 or (800)462-0113.

Dsscrlptlon:

This program is aimed at fiie target groups: vocational and
technical high school students, preschool children, early
adolescents, health care professionals, and expectant
parents. Currently this program package consists of the
Breaking Free program for vocational and technical students
and the Starting Free program for preschool children. For
more information on these programs, see the detailed
program descriptions in Part 1.

0469.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCtATtON OF MAINE, 128
   Sewall Strest, Augusta, Maine 04330.

Program Mb:
Because You Love Your Baby.

Contaot:

Ms. Sharon Gleason, Program Assistant
(207)622-6394.

DOStXlpth:

This kit, designed to help health care providers counsel
mothers-to-he on the dangers of smoking cigarettes, includes:

1) handbook for health care providers; 2) packet for mothers-
to-be; 3) no smoking signs and posters; 4) flip chart illustrat-
ing the reaction of the body to nicotine; 5) fact sheets on
cigarette smoking and secondhand smoke; and 6) a magazine
reprint of "It Might Have Been a Beautiful Baby."

0460.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MAINE, 128
   Sewall Street, Augusta, Maine 04330.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Facilitators' Training.

Contact:

Mr. Peter King, Assistant EX8CUtiV8 Director
(207)622-6394.

Descrlptlon:

A two-day training program is offered biannually to health
professionals and other interested persons who want to or-
ganize and conduct stop smoking clinics in their community,
hospital, or workplace. During the training, the concepts,
philosophy, materials, and techniques incorporated into the
Freedom From Smoking clinics are explored. Participants are
given the ChanC8 to view audiovisuals that have been
developed for the clinics and practice group dynamic skills
necessary to conduct a program 8ff ectivety.

0481.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF MAINE, 128
   Sewall Street, Augusta, Maine 04330.

Program ntb:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Mr. Peter King, Assistant Executive Director
(207)822-8384.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Fr88dOm From Smoking
self-help manuals are offered. For more information, s88 the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0462.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MAINE, 128
   Sewall Street, Augusta, Maine 04330.

Program Mb:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Sharon Gleason, Program Assistant
(207)622-6394.

Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking c8ssa-
tion program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0483.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSGClATtON OF MAINE, 128
   Sewall Street, Augusta, Maine 04330.

247


Program Title:
School Resources.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Waldman, Program Associate
(207)622X394.

Description:

A variety of smoking prevention education programs are avail-
able to schools, communities, and other special interest
groups. Informational resources include pamphlets, puzzles,
fact sheets, and buttons. Specific school programs offered
are Octopuff in Kumquat, Lungs Are For Lie, audiovisual
resources for students in grades 5 through 12, "Death in the
West," `Feminine Mistake," "Hugh McCabe: The Coach's
Final Lesson," and Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.
For more information on these programs, see the descriptions
in Part 1.

0464.  THE BADVERTlSlNG INSTITUTE, Post Offlca Box
   644, Deer Isle, Maine 04627.

Program Tltls:

The Joy Of Smoking - A Brand New Look At The Same Old
Hype.

Contact:

Ms. Bonnie Vierthaler, Artist and Director
(207)348-9978.

Descrlptlon:

The Joy Of Smoking is a spoof by artist Bonnie Vierthaler on
glamorous cigarette advertisements. This witty series of col-
lages tries to tell the truth behind cigarette advertising by jux-
taposing cigarette advertisements with images from medical
journals. The work has traveled to schools around the country
so that children might learn to associate the health hazards of
smoking with misleading cigarette advertising. The series is
available for public exhibit.

0465.  MAINE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES,
    DIVISION OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND
   EDUCATION, BUREAU OFHEALTH, State House
   Station 11, Augusta, Maine 04333.

Program ntle:
Coalition On Smoke-Free Society.

Contact:

Mr. Randy Schwartz, Acting Director
(207)289-5180.

Description:

The Bureau of Health provides staff support to the Coalition
on Smoking or Health, which is composed of over 20 organiza-
tions in the State of Maine. The goal of the coalition is a
smoke-free society by the year 2000. The coalition sponsors
legislation and educational activities related to that goal.

0466.  MAINE DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES,
    DIVISION OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND
   EDUCATION, BUREAU OF HEALTH, State House
   Statlon 11, Augusta, Maine 04333.

Program Title:

Planned Approach To Community Health.

Contact:

Mr. Randy Schwartz, Acting Director
(207)289-5180.

Descrlptlon:

The Community Health Promotion program is currently work-
ing with the Centers for Disease Control's Division of Health
Education to implement the Planned Approach to Community
Health (PATCH) program in four communities in Maine. In
several of the PATCH sites, smoking prevention and
cessation programs are being developed.

MARYLAND

0467.  ALLEGANY COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   Willowbrook Road, Cumberland, Maryland
     21502.

Program ntle:
Quit And Win.

by the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
In a l-year followup, 10 percent of contest participants in
worksite programs and 6 percent of contest participants in
community programs remained smoke-free. This program
has been implemented by 16 local health departments since
it was designed in 1964.

Contact:
Jane R. Miller, R.N., Health Educator
(301)777-5600.

0466.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MARYLAND
   DIVISION, INC., ALLEGANY/GARRElT COUN-

Description:
This is a smoking cessation incentive program that gives
smokers an incentive to set a quit date and remain smoke-free
for 1 month. Successful participants have a chance to win a
variety of prizes. The program was designed and evaluated

   TlES UNIT OFFICE, 111 South George Street,
   Cumberland, Maryland 21502.

Program ntle:
FreshStart.

248


Contact:

Ms. Helen Stallings, Program Coordinator
(301)722-2145.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to the public free of charge.  For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0469.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MARYLAND
   DIVISION, INC., CHESAPEAKE/POTOMAC AREA
   OFFICE, Bulldlng A, 1401 Route 3 North,
   Gambrllls, Maryland 21054.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Pat Nolan, Program Coordinator
(301)721-4304.

Descrlptbn:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to the public free of charge in Anne
Arundel, Calvert, Charles, Prince Georges, and St. Mary's
Counties. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0470.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MARYLAND
   DIVISION, INC., EASTERN SHORE AREA
   OFFICE, 104 West Chestnut Street, Post Office
   Box 163, Sallsbury, Maryland 21801.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Laura Brittingham, Program Coordinator
(301)749-1624.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to the public free of charge in Caroline,
Dorchester, Kent, Queen Annes. Somerset, Talbot,
Wicomico, and Worcester Counties. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0471.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MARYLAND
   DIVISION, INC., FREDERICK COUNTY OFFICE,
   11 West South Street, Frederick, Maryland 21701.

Program Mb:
FreshStart.

Con&t:

Ms. Mary Ann Ford, Program Coordinator
(301)622-2367.

Descrlptbn:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cesaa-
tion clinic is offered to the public free of charge. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0472.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MARYLAND
   DIVISION, INC., MONTGOMERY COUNTY
   OFFICE, 11323 Amherst Avenue, Silver Spring,
   Maryland 20902.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Christine Yankus-Eng, Program Coordinator
(301)933-9350.

Descrlptbn:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to the public free of charge. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0473.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MARYLAND
   DIVISION, INC., NORTH CENTRAL MARYLAND
   AREA OFFICE, 200 East Joppa Road, Suite 300,
   Baltimore, Maryland 21204.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Christopher Heidelberg, Program Coordinator
(301)821-7200.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to the public free of charge in Baltimore,
Carroll, Harford, and Howard Counties. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0474.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MARYLAND
    DIVISION, INC., WASHINGTON COUNTY UNIT
   OFFICE, 1037 Haven Road, Hagerstown,
   Maryland 21740.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Ann Ford, Program Coordinator
(301)733-8272.

Descrlptbn:

The Ameriin Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to the public free of charge.  For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0475.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MARYLAND
   AFFILIATE, 415 North Charles Street, Post Office
   Box 17025, Baltimore, Maryland 21203.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra L Joy, Program Associate
(301)685-7074.

249


Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0478.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
   Luthervllle, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Frisch, Associate Director, Program Development
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0477.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
    Luthervllle, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Frisch, Associate Director, Program Development
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0478.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
    Luthervllle, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Frisch, Associate Director, Program Development
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Family program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0479.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
   Luthervllle, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Frisch, Associate Director, Program Development
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Deacrlptlon:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A Lifetime 01
Freedom From Smoking are available for $7. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0480.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
  Luthervllle, varyland 21093.

Program Title:
Growing Healthy.

Contact:

Ms. Anne V. Eder, Associate Program Director
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Deecrlptlon:

This comprehensive health education curriculum for students
in kindergarten through grade 7 is offered to area schools. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0481.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
   Luthervllle, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:

1'11 Never Smoke Campaign.

Contact:

Ms. Anne V. Eder, Associate Program Director
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Description:

During the campaign, hekl once a year for 2 weeks, students
between the ages of 9 and 13 make a commitment not to start
smoking by signing a pledge form. Parents are asked to rein-
force their child's decision not to smoke by signing the reverse
side of the pledge form. Signed forms are collected and
returned to the American Lung Association of Maryland and
entered in prize drawings. Individual winners are randomly
selected and awarded prizes. Grand prize winning schools
are also selected.

0482.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
    Lutherville, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Frisch, Associate Director, Program Development
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Description:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking

250


cessation program is offered. For more informaiion'~&& th"e
detailed program description in Part 1.

0483.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Sulte 705,
    Luthervllie, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:
Lungs Are For Life.

Contact:

Ms. Anne V. Eder, Associate Program Director
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Description:

These self-contained lessons for students in kindergarten
through grade 4 are easily integrated into existing curriculum.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0464.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
   Luthervllle, Maryland 21093.

Program Title:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Anne V. Eder, Associate Program Director
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Dsssriptlon:

This is an educational program, designed for children aged 9
through 11, that emphasizes skills children can use to resist
peer pressure to experiment with marijuana. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0485.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
    Luthervlib, Maryland 21093.

Program Mb:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Frisch, Associate Director, Program Development
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. Fees for each package are as follows: Kit
for Pregnant Women, free; Kf for Health Care Providers, $5;
slide/tape presentation, $30. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0486.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Suite 705,
   Luthorvllh, Maryland 21093.

program Mb:
Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer.

Contact:

Ms. Anne V. Eder, Associate Program Director
(301)494-l 100 or (800)492-7527.

Dsscrlptlon:

This smoking prevention program, designed for educators of
students in grades 5 through 7, teaches adolescents to under-
stand and resist pressures to smoke and use smokeless
tobacco. Designed as a seven-session program, this can be
modified to fit into existing curricula. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0487.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    MARYLAND, 1301 York Road, Sulte 705,
    Luthervllle, Maryland 21093.

Program Tltle:

Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer Videotape.

Contact:

Ms. Anne V. Eder, Associate Program Director
(301)494-1100 or (800)492-7527.

Description:

An 11 -minute videotape is available to reinforce the basic con-
cepts of the Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer curriculum.
The tape depicts adolescents in different situations in which
they are offered cigarettes and successfully resist the pres-
sures to smoke. Videotapes are available in VHS and Beta
formats.

0488.  BALTIMORE CITY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    BUREAU OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND
    PROMOTION, 303 East Fayette Street, Second
    Floor, Baltlmore, Maryland 21202.

program Tltb:
Quit And Win.

Contact:

Mr. Robert B. Man&e, Director
(301)396-5637.

Descrlptbn:

This is a smoking cessation incentive program that gives
smokers an incentive to set a quit date and remain smoke-free
for 1 month. Successful participants have a chance to win a
variety of prizes.

The program was designed and evaluated by the Maryland
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. in a l-year fol-
bwup, 10 percent of contest participants in worksite programs
and 6 percent of contest participants in community programs
remained smoke-free. This program has been implemented
by 16 local health departments since it was designed in 1984.

0488.  BALTIMORE CITY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    BUREAU OF HEALTH EDUCATION AND
    PROMOTION, 303 East Fayette Street, Elghth
    Floor, Baltimore, Maryland 21202.

251


Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Initiative.

Contact:

Ms. Lee Truelove, Program Administrator
(301)396-5095.

Description:

This program is offered on request to residents of Baltimore,
to employee trainers at worksites, and to Baltimore City
Government employees. The program uses educational
materials supplied by the American Lung Association, and it
emphasizes behavior modification.  Instructor training to
worksite representatives is provided. The program objective
is to assist adults in their decision to stop smoking and to
maintain a 33 percent quit rate after 1 year.

0490.  BALTIMORE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, DIVISION OF HEALTH EDUCATION
    AND INFORMATION, 401 Bosley Avenue,
    Towson, Maryland 21204.

Program Title:
Community Education.

Contact:

Mr. William L. Follett, Director
(301)494-3078.

Descrlptlon:

Literature on the health effects of smoking is provided to civic
groups, school children, individual citizens, and county
employees. The division has also produced two 30-minute
television prngrams dealing with smoking for transmission
over the county cable television facilities and has promoted
the transmission of other programs on the subject.

The health department has been a consultant to other county
agencies and some private agencies in establishing smoking
policies for that agency. The department also acts as a
clearing-house in referring individuals to voluntary health
agencies that offer smoking cessation programs.

0491.  CARROLL COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Post Offloe Box 854, Westminster, Maryland
    21157.

Program Title:
Quit And Win.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Rogers, Health Educator
(301)876-2152.

Descrlptlon:

This is a smoking cessation incentive program that gives
smokers an incentive to set a quit date and remain smoke-free
for 1 month. Successful participants have a chance to win a
variety of prizes. The program was designed and evaluated
by the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
In a 1 -year followup, 10 percent of contest participants in
worksite programs and 6 percent of contest participants in
community programs remained smoke-free. This program

has been implemented by 16 local health departments since
it was designed in 1984.

0492.  CHARLES COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
    Post Office Box 640, La Plata, Maryland 20646.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Linda Leuthauser, Health Educator
(301)934-9577.

Descrlptlon:

The Charles County Health Department, working in conjunc-
tion with the American Lung Association, offers the Freedom
From Smoking program to smokers in the community. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0493.  FREDERICK COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Winchester Hall, 12 East Church Street,
    Frederick, Maryland 21701.

Program Title:
Quit And Win.

Contad:

Ms. Suzanne Markowitz, Health Educator
(301)694-l 808.

Descrlptlon:

This is a smoking cessation incentive program that gives
smokers an incentive to set a quit date and remain smoke-free
for 1 month. Successful participants have a chance to win a
variety of prizes. The program was designed and evaluated
by the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.
In a l-year folbwup, 10 percent of contest participants in
worksite programs and 6 percent of contest participants in
community programs remained smoke-free. This program
has been implemented by 16 local health departments since
it was designed in 1984.

0494.  HARFORD COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    119 South Hays Street, Post 0fflc.e Box 191, Bel
   Air, Maryland 21014-0191.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Dr. Beverly Stump, Deputy Health officer
(301)879-8322 ext.259.

Descrlptlon:

The program helps individuals prepare to quit smoking, then
helps them identify, avoid, and break smoking triggers with a
support network. This isfollowed by the most important phase
of quitting and remaining a nonsmoker. The service is
provided at health department clinics and selected worksite
locations.

252


0495.  HEALTH PROMOTION SERVICES, Franklln
   Square at White Marsh, 8114 Sandplper Circle,
    Baltimore, Maryland 21236.

Program Title:
How To Quit Smoking.

Contad:

Ms. Monica Gennerella, Program Coordinator
(301)529-3600.

Description:

This program consists of eight 1 -hour sessions. During the
first four sessions, the habii of smoking, the physical factors,
and the steps to quitting are explored. Stress and other trig-
gers related to smoking are discussed, along with hints for
coping with the triggers when quitting. Weight control hints
are also included. The last half of the course provides sup-
port for the new ex-smokers. The focus is placed on remain-
ing smokefree and living a heafthier lifestyle. This program is
made available at the health center or in the workplace.

0496.  HEALTH PROMOTION SERVICES, Franklln
   Square at White Marsh, 8114 Sandplper Circle,
    Baltimore, Maryland 21236.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia G. Ford, Manager of Health Promotion
(301)529-3600.

Description:

A service for developing a worksite smoking policy is offered.

0497.  HOWARD COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   Post Offlce Box 476, Elllcott Clty, Maryland
     21043.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Andrea Port, Heafth Educator
(301)992-2333.

Description:

This is an ongoing program in prenatal clinics. The health
department uses Pregnant Woman's Self Help Guide: Quit
Smoking, developed by Richard Windsor, Ph.D., M.P.H.

0498.  MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   MENTAL HYGIENE, 201 West Preston Street,
   Baltimore, Maryland 21201.

Program Title:

Project Smart and Training On Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stine, Chief, Heafth Education Center
(301)2.25-1362.

Descrlptlon:

The Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
sponsors two smoking education programs. Project Smart is
a program used in the middle school curriculum focusing on
the prevention of alcohol, drug, and tobacco use. The second
program, Training On Smoking, trains local health department
nurses in advising patients to quit smoking.

0499.  MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
    MENTAL HYGIENE, 201 West Preston Street,
    Baltlmore, Maryland 21201.

Program Title:
Quit And Win.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stine, Chief, Health Education Center
(310)225-1362.

Description:

Quit And Win is a smoking cessation program for those want-
ing to quit smoking. % offers both opportunity to, and incen-
tive for, quitting. Based on the Minnesota Heart Health
Program, Quit And Win asks smokers to quit for 1 month in
order to be eligible to participate in a random drawing of prizes.
Prizes are awarded after the smoke-free status of those
people whose names are drawn is verified. A telephone sur-
vey at 6 months is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the
program.

0500.  MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   MENTAL HYGIENE, 201 West Preston Street,
    Baltlmore, Maryland 21201

Program Title:

Smoke-Free And Healthy.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stine, Chief, Health Education Center
(301)225-1362.

Dascrlptbn:

The Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
enacted a stringent new smoking policy on October 1,1987.
Smoke-Free And Healthy is the umbrella title for an array of
services being offered to department smokers who wish to use
the new polii as an opportunity to quit smoking. These ser-
vices include clinics, self-help materials, a videocassette
Ee rogram, and self-help tip sheets. While these services will
ongoing, the results of the initial implementation will be

evaluated at 6 months.

0501.  MARYLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   MENTAL HYGIENE, 201 West Preston Street,
   Baltimore, Maryland 21201.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation In Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stine, Chief, Health Education Center or Annelies
Zachary, M.D., M.P.H.
(301)225-1362 or 2256721.

253


Descrlptbn:

Maryland is one of three States participating in a Centers for
Disease Control funded study designed to test the effects of
an intervention with pregnant smokers. The interventions will
be carefully targeted through the use of extensive State-
specific information collected in focus groups. These inter-
ventions will be designed to be effective and intensive while
utilizing a minimum of resources. One of the goals of the study
is to demonstrate that smoking cessation activities can be in-
tegrated into the normal routine services of regular prenatal
clinics and Women, Infants, and Children programs with ex-
isting resources. Eval will be extensive. A large number of
data items will be monitored. Behavioral change will be
followed by self-report validated by urinary cotinine levels.

0502.  SACRED HEART HOSPITAL, COMMUNITY
   WELLNESS PROGRAMS, CENTER FOR WELL-
   NESS, 915 Blshop Walsh Drive, Cumberland,
    Maryland 21502.

Program Tltb:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Sandi Geiger, Ed.D., Manager of Wellness
(301)759-5020.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed bythe National Center for Health
Promotion. is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0503.  WICOMICO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   300 West Carroll Street, Sallsbury, Maryland
     21881.

Program Title:
Quit And Win.

Contact:

Peggy Bagley, C.H.N., Program Coordinator
(301)749-l 244.

Description:

This is a program developed by the Health Education Center
of the Maryland Departrirent of Heafth and Mental Hygiene for
seeking smokers willing to quit for a given time, usually a
month, to be eligible to win prizes. The prizes are solicited
from local businesses. In 1985 the Quit And Win program was
sponsored and run by the Health Education Center in
Wicomico, Somerset, Worcester, and Dorchester Counties.
In 1987 when grant money was available Wiimico County
secured funds to run their own Quit And Win programs.

0594.  WLCOMICO COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   300 West Carroll Street, Sallsbury, Maryland
     21801.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Jeanette Brown, C.H.N., Program Coordinator
(301)543-6961.

Descrlptlon:

The Health Department Prenatal Clinic counsels pregnant
women, using a package called Smoking And Pregnancy,
developed by the American Lung Association. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

MASSACHUSEITS

0505.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAS-    0505.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAS-
    SACHUSETTS DIVISION, INC., 247 Common-       SACHUSETTS DIVISION, INC., 247 Common-
   wealth Avenue, Carhart Memorial Building,       wealth Avenue, Carhart Memorial Building,
   Boston, Massachusetts 02116.               Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Program Title:
Breaking Free.

Program Title:
Early Start To Good Health.

Contact:
Ms. Kathy O'Connor, Director of Public Education
(617)267-2650.

Descrlptlon:
Breaking Free, a new smoking cessation program for high
school students, is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

Contact:
Ms. Kathy O'Connor, Director of Public Education
(617)267-2650.

Descrlptlon:
The American Cancer Society's Early Start To Good Health
program is offered to students in kindergarten through grade
3. For more information, see the detailed program description
in Part 1.

254


0507.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAS-
    SACHUSETTS DIVISION, INC., 247 Common-
   wealth Avenue, Carhart Memorial Bullding,
    Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Allen, Tobacco Education Coordinator
(6 17)267-2650.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0508.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAS-
    SACHUSETTS DIVISION, INC., 247 Common-
   wealth Avenue, Carhart Memorial Building,
    Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Program Title:
Health Myself.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy O'Connor, Director of Public Education
(617)267-2650.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's Health Myseff program is of-
fered to students in grades 7through 9. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0509.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MAS-
    SACHUSETTS DIVISION, INC., 247 Common-
   wealth Avenue, Carhart Memorial Bulldlng,
    Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

Program Mb:
Health Network.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy O'Connor, Director of Public Education
(617)267-2650.

Descrlptbn:

The American Cancer Society's Heafth Network program is
offered to students in grades 4 through 6. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0510.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MAS-
   SACHUSETTS AFFILIATE, 33 Fourth Avenue,
    Needham Nelghts, Massachusetts 02194.

Program Mb:
Calling tt Cuits.

Contact:
Information Services Coordinator
(617)449-5931 ext.1 7.

Description:

The American Heart Association's self-help smoking cessa-
tion kit is available. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0511.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MAS-
    SACHUSETTS AFFILIATE, 33 Fourth Avenue,
   Needham Heights, Massachusetts 02194.

Program Title:

Coalition For A Smoke-Free Massachusetts By The Year
2000.

Contact:

Ms. Wendy Breen, Assistant Program Director
(617)449-5931.

Description:

In collaboration with the American Cancer Society and the
American Lung Association, the American Heart Association
of Massachusetts is focusing prevention efforts on health care
providers for this fiscal year. Program goals for providers in-
clude making a personal commitment for smoking cessation;
serving as a role model by advocating a smoke-free
environment in health-care settings; and counseling patients.

0512.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MAS-
    SACHUSETTS AFFILIATE, 33 Fourth Avenue,
    Needham Heights, Massachusetts 02194.

Program Title:

Let's Talk About Smoking.

Contact:

Information Services Coordinator
(617)449-5931 ext.1 7.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Let's Talk About Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0513.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MAS-
    SACHUSETTS AFFIUATE, 33 Fourth Avenue,
   Needham Heights, Massachusetts 02194

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. Keven McEllin, Program Director
(617)449-5931 ext.25.

Dsscrlptbn:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0514.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL
   MASSACHUSETTS, 35 Harvard Street,
   Worcester, Massachusetts 01609.

255


Program Mb:
Freedom From Smoking Clink%.

Contact:

Ms. Emily B. Johnson, Program Director
(617)756-5749.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0515.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CENTRAL
   MASSACHUSETTS, 35 Harvard Street,
   Worcester, Massachusetts 01609.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Emily B. Johnson, Program Director
(617)756-5749.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby program, for pregnant, pre- and
postnatal women, is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0516.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CENTRAL
    MASSACHUSETTS, 35 Harvard Street,
    Worcester, Massachusetts 01609.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Emily B. Johnson, Program Director
(617)756-5749.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals, Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days, and
A Lifetime Of Freedom From Smoking are available. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0517.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATfON OF CENTRAL
    MASSACHUSETTS, 35 Harvard Street,
   Worcester, Massachusetts 01609.

Program ntk

Smoking Education For Students.

Contact:

Ms. Roberta Seidman, Program Associate
(617)756-5749.

Description:

This informal smoking education program is conducted upon
request. The group is shown the hazards of smoking and the
underlying psychological reasons why people begin smoking.
Factors involved in making that initial decision and the

difficulty in stopping are discussed as well as the rights of non-
smokers. Brochures, pamphlets, and buttons are distributed;
films and samples of lung tissue are shown. Although
designed for students, the program can be adapted for any
organization.

0518.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ESSEX
   COUNTY, 239 Newburyport Turnplke, Topsfleld,
    Massachusetts 01983.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Janet Sannella, Program Associate
(617)667-6055.

Deacrlption:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0519.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF ESSEX
   COUNTY, 239 Newburyport Turnplke, Topsfield,
    Massachueetts 01983.

Program Title:
School Education.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Fallon, Program Coordinator
(617)667-6055.

Descrlptlon:

Various school health resources are available to ad-
ministrators, curriculum specialists, health coordinators, and
school nurses. Assistance is provided through an extensive
audiovisual ban program, teacher training workshops, and
background information on key health issues. Elementary
and middle school resources include the Growing Healthy cur-
riculum and the Lungs Are For Lie mini-curriculum (both
described in detail in Part l), and various units on smoking
prevention.  High school resources include 10 new
audiovisuals related to smoking education with accompanying
teaching guides.

0520.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MAS-
    SACHUSETTS, 803 Summer Street, Boston,
    Massachusetts 02127.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Penny Richmond, Community Health Educator
(617)269-9720.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered to all area high schools. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

256


0521.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MAS-
   SACHUSETTS, 883 Summer Street, Boston,
    Massachusetts 02127.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Cynthia Ferguson, Program Manager
(617)269-9720.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0522.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MAS-
   SACHUSEITS, 803 Summer Street, Boston,
    Massachusetts 02127.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Cynthia Ferguson, Program Manager
(617)269-9720.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered 25 times each year to the general public.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0523.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MAS-
   SACHUSETTS, 803 Summer Street, Boston,
    Massachusetts 02127.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Facilitators Training.

Contact:

Ms. Cynthia Ferguson, Program Manager
(617)269-9720.

Descrfptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
Facilitators Training program is offered four times each year.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0524.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MAS-
   SACHUSETTS, 803 Summer Street, Boston,
    Massachusetts 02127.

Program Tftk:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Penny Richmond, Community Heatth Educator
(617)269-9720.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's program, Marijuana: A
Second Look, is offered to students in grades 4 to 6 in all area
schools. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0525.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATfON OF WESTERN
   MASSACHUSETTS, 393 Maple Street,
   Sprlngfleld, Massachusetts 01105.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Gail Gramarossa, Program Coordinator
(413)737-3506.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0528.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN
   MASSACHUSETTS, 393 Maple Street,
   Sprlngfleld, Massachusetts 01105.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Gail Gramarossa, Program Coordinator
(413)737-3506.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0527.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
   MASSACHUSETTS, 393 Maple Street,
   Sprlngfleld, Massachusetts 01105.

Program Title:
School Education.

Contact:

Ms. Gail Gramarossa, Program Coordinator
(413)737-3506.

Descrlptlon:

A variety of school health education programs are offered to
individual classes, to large groups, or to special interest
groups such as the Key Club. Inservice education is also of-
fered to teachers and school nurses. Objectives are to deliver
accurate health information, to help students develop positive
body images, to advocate positive health behavior, and to
develop an awareness of health issues by helping students to
develop their beliefs, values, and attitudes. The smoking-re-
lated programs include Gctopuff in Kumquat and Lungs Are
For Life, described in detail in Part 1.

257


Books, pamphlets, posters, films, teaching models of lungs
showing the effects of smoking, and lung sections are avail-
able for students in kindergarten through grade 12. Films and
models are lent for a minimum of 3 weeks.

0528.  THE CAMBRIDGE HOSPlTAL, DEPARTMENT OF
   PSYCHIATRY, 1493 Cambridge Street,
   Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.

Program Mle:

Smoking Cessation - Behavioral Techniques.

Contact:

Deborah Hulihan, Psy.D., Director, Behavioral Medicine
Program
(617)498-l 163.

Description:

This eight-session behavior modification group is geared
toward reducing nicotine intake and addiction and reinforcing
behaviors incompatible with smoking. The eight sessions in-
clude a nicotine fading program, relaxation training, stress
management, and relapse prevention, all enhanced by group
support. The cost is $150; $50 may be paid at each of the first
three sessions. All participants are evaluated individually.
This initial screening is covered by Blue Cross/Blue Shield or
other health insurance. Under individual circumstances, treat-
ment may also be covered by heakh insurance. Individuals
without a medically-based referral will be asked to pay in ad-
vance. Financial investment enhances motivation. In addi-
tion, the money normally spent on smoking will more than
offset the costs.

0529.  THE CAMBRIDGE HOSPITAL, DEPARTMENT OF
   PSYCHIATRY, 1493 Cambrldge Street,
   Cambrldge, Massachusetts 02139.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation - Hypnosis.

Contact:

Deborah Hulihan, Psy.D., Director, Behavioral Medicine
Program
(617)498-l 183.

Descrlptlon:

The one-session hypnosis group is geared toward helping in-
dividuals to quit smoking by increasing their personal motiva-
tions for stopping. Addition focus is placed on enhancement
of health consciousness and of one's setf-image as a non-
smoker. Coping skills for relapse prevention are also taught.
The cost is $45. Booster sessions will be available at a com-
parable cost. All participants are evaluated individually. This
initial screening is covered by Blue Cross/Blue Shiekf or other
health insurance. Under some circumstances, treatment may
also bs covered by health insurance. Individuals without a
medically-based referral will be asked to pay in advance.
Financial investment enhances motivation. In addition, the
money normally spent on smoking will more than offset the
costs.

0530.  FAULKNER HOSPITAL, 1153 Centre Street,
   Jam&s Plain, Massachusetts 02130.

Program TM:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Coordinator of Health Promotion Services
(617)522-5800 ext. 1450.

Descflptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description ih Part 1.

0531.  MASSACHUSETTS DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
   HEALTH, OFFICE OF NONSMOKING AND
   HEALTH, 150 Tremont Street, Boston,
    Mawachuwtts 02111.

Program Title:
Activities To Promote Nonsmoking.

Contact:

Gregory N. Connolly, D.M.D., M.P.H., Director
(617)727-0732.

Descrlptlon:

Working through the Women, Infants, and Children program
and the State Office of Family Health Services, the Gffice of
Nonsmoking and Health is distributing specialty developed
materials for pregnant smokers. This activity reaches 3,000
women through 250 physicians. The office is also working
with the Massachusetts Lung Association to get other
materials aimed at pregnant smokers into 1,000 obstetricians'
offices serving middle- and high-income women. In addition,
the office supports public education programs, physician and
dental counseling, and worksite counseling in the Neighbor-
hood Health Centers in communities with high lung cancer
rates.

0532.  TOWN OF BROOKLINE HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   11 Pierce Street, Brookllne, Massachusetts
    02148.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Bettie Hirshom, Coordinator of Community Health
Services
(617)730-2336.

Descrlptlon:

The department sponsors two monthly smoking cessation
classes using hypnotherapy. The program targets all people
who want to quit smoking.

0533.  TOWN OF NORWOOD BOARD OF HEALTH,
   Norwood, Massachusetts 02062.

258


Program Title:
Multiple Risk Factor Reduction.

initial questionnaire, riskfactors are identified and smokers are
referred to the American Cancer Society and the Norfolk
County-Newton Lung Association for smoking cessation

Contact:
Ms. Phyllis M. Boucher, Superintendent/Director
(617)762-1240.

Descrlptlon:
The Norwood Board of Health has adapted this program from
the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. The
program has been presented to town employees and to
elementary and secondary school employees. Through an

programs. A followup questionnaire and testing are provided
after 6 months.

The objectives of the program are to promote decision making
on a daily basis that will mitigate lifestyle risk factors, such as
smoking. Evaluation has shown that while large numbers of
people will not stopsmoking, the number of cigarettes smoked
each day often decreases.

MICHIGAN

0534.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MICHIGAN
   DIVISION, INC., 1205 East Saginaw Street,
   Lansing, Michigan 49906.

Program Title:

The Dangers Cf Smoking - The Benefits 01 Quitting.

Contact:

Ms. Dorothy W. Cobb, Director of Public Education
(517)371-2920.

Descrlptlon:

The program provides facts on the health consequences of
smoking, describes and illustrates the immediate and bng-
term benefits of quitting and provides helpful tips on smoking
cessation methods. The program is presented free of charge
and includes atrained speaker, afilm, and audience participa-
tion. Programs can be tailored to meet time allotments from
20 to 50 minutes.

0535.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MICHIGAN
   DIVISION, INC., 1205 East Saglnaw Street,
   Lansing, Michigan 48906.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Dorothy W. Cobb, Director of Public Education
(517)371-2920.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0536.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MICHIGAN
   DIVISION, INC., 1205 East Saginaw Street,
   Lansing, Mlchlgan 49906.

Program Tltk:

Smoking Prevention Programs For Youth.

Contact:

Ms. Dorothy W. Cobb, Director of Public Education
(517)371-2920.

Descrlptlon:

Programs begin in preschool and continue through high
school. The most widely used smoking prevention programs
of the Michigan American Cancer Society are An Early Start
To Good Health, Health Network, Health Decisions, Health
Mysetf, Starting Free: Good Air for Me, and Breaking Free.
For more information about these programs, see the detailed
program descriptions in Part 1.

0537.  AMERICAN INSTITUTE FOR PREVENTIVE
   MEDICINE, 19111 West 10 Mile Road, Suite 101,
   Southfield, Michigan 48075.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Mr. Don Ft. Powell, Executive Director
(313)352-7666.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

0539.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF GENESEE
   VALLEY, Post Offlce Box 529, Flint, Michigan
    40501.

Program Title:
Antismoking Education.

Contact:

Ms. Sheryl Bennett, Program Manager
(313)232-3177.

259


Descrlptlon:

Education that promotes nonsmoking is provided for any
school grade level or community group. Presentations are en-
hanced with films, literature, and prepackaged educational
materials for specific age groups. Presentations differ
according to the group's area of interest.

0539.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF GENESEE
   VALLEY, Post Offke Box 529, Fllnt, Mkhlgan
    49501.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Booklets.

Contact:

Ms. Sheryl Bennett, Program Manager
(313)232-3177.

Descrlptkn:

The American Lung Association Freedom From Smoking self-
help manuals, Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days, and A
Liietime 01 Freedom From Smoking, are available. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0549  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MICHIGAN,
    493 Seymour Avenue, Lansing, Mkhlgan 49933
     1179.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Krzanowski, Program Director
(517)494-4541.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. Corpo are encouraged to sponsor on-site
cessation clinics for employees. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0541.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MICHIGAN,
   493 Seymour Avenue, Lansing, Mlchlgan 49933-
     1179.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Krzanowski, Program Director
(517)434-4541.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby self-help program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0542.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MICHIGAN,
   403 Seymour Avenue, Lansing, Michigan 49933-
     1179.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Krzanowski, Program Director
(517)494-4541.

Descrlptkn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Family setf-help program is offered. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0543.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MICHIGAN,
   493 Seymour Avenue, Lansing, Mlchlgan 49933.
     1179.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Krzanowski, Program Director
(517)4&t-4541.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking cessa-
tion program isoffered. For more information, seethe detailed
program description in Part 1.

0544.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN, 19959 West Ten Mile
    Road, Southfield, Mlchlgan 49975.

Program Tltk:

Antismoking Education.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Wegienek, Program Coordinator
(313)559-5100.

Descrlptlon:

Education that promotes nonsmoking is provided for any
school grade level orcommunitygroup. Presentations are en-
hanced with films and literature, biofeedback equipment for
demonstration purposes, and prepackaged educational
materials for specific age groups. Presentations differ
according to the group's area of interest.

0545.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN, 19959 West Ten Mile
    Road, Southfleld, Mlchlgan 49975.

Program Title:

Cigarette Send Off.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Wegienek, Program Coordinator
(313)559-5100.

Descrlptlon:

H&j four or five times a year, the Send-Off is a comprehen-
sive smoking withdrawal clinic combining hypnosis, behavior

260


modification, presentations of the health effects of smoking,
tips on how to quit, and dramatic film highlights of cigarettes'
immediate effects on the body. Participants receive a cas-
sette tape for followup self-hypnosis, a variety of behavior
modification materials, and A Lifetime of Freedom From
Smoking maintenance manual.

0546.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN, 18860 West Ten Mile
    Road, Southfield, Michigan 48075.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Wegienek, Program Coordinator
(313)559-5100.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0547.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN, 18860 West Ten Mile
    Road, Scuthfleld, Michigan 48975.

Program Title:

The Smoking Phone (559-5111).

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Wegienek, Program Coordinator
(313)559-5100 or (313)559-5111.

Descrlptlon:

The Smoking Phone provides information on smoking cessa-
tion, nonsmokers' rights, clinics, the general health effects of
smoking, and other smoking-related topics. After business
hours, callers are greeted with a taped message urging par-
ticipation in withdrawal techniques and upcoming programs.

0548.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    SOUTHEAST MlCHIGAN, 18889 West Ten Mile
    Road, Southfleld, Mlchlgan 48875.

Program Title:

Tips And Truths On Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Wegienek, Program Coordinator
(313)559-5100.

Description:

The distribution of a free information packet entitled Tips And
Truths On Tobacco targets individuals who wish to quit on their
own initiative. The packets contain information on the health
effectsof smoking, tipson howtoquit, and noticesof programs
available in various areas.

0549.  BLUE CARE NETWORK, 3624 South Westnedge,
   Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Sandy Donaldson, Program Coordinator
(616)388-9515.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive. Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

0559.  BOTSFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL, HEALTH
    DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, 28050 Grand River
   Avenue, Farmlngton Hills, Mlchlgan 48024.

Program Title:

Personalized Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Margo Gorchow, Executive Director
(313)471-8090.

Description:

Personalized Smoking Cessation is a comprehensive stop
smoking program that incorporates various behavior modifica-
tion techniques and the use of Nicorette gum to help the in-
dividual stop smoking. Recognizing that people prefer to learn
in a variety of ways and settings, the personalized stop smok-
ing program was developed to reach individuals who prefer to
learn in small groups or in an individual, one-to-one counsel-
ing atmosphere. The program is designed to allow for more
interactions between the learner and instructor. This ap-
proach involves participants more actively, while addressing
the individual's particular needs, thereby increasing the
likelihood of successful behavior change. The program is
scheduled over 4 to 5 weeks. lt includes three personal con-
tacts and four telephone contacts. The first week includes a
small grouporientation session in which introductory materials
are distributed and explained. Participants also are informed
they need to obtain a prescription from their physician for
Nicorette gum. Later sessions include instruction in the use
of Nicorette gum and the various behavior modification tech-
niques found in the program. Participants are followed up at
3 months, 6 months, and 1 year to offer support for maintain-
ing their ex-smoker status, or to refer them back into the
program if they have begun smoking again.

0551.  BOTSFORD GENERAL HOSPITAL, HEALTH
    DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, 28059 Grand River
   Avenue, Farmington Hills, Mlchlgan 48024.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Margo Gorchow, Executive Director
(313)471-8090.

261


Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

0552.  CHELSEA COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, 775 South
   Maln Street, Chelsea, Michigan 48118.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Jean DuRussel-Weston, Program Coordinator
(313)475-1311 ext.3945

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

0553.  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Herman Kiefer
   Health Complex, 1151 Taylor, Detrolt, Michigan
     48202.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Dr. Stephen Blount, Program Contact
(313)633-0710 ext.289.

Description:

As part of the Metropolitan Detroit Program To Reduce
Avoidable Mortality From Cancer In The Black Population, a
smoking cessation intervention has been established within a
community service agency, the Franklin Wright Settlements,
Inc. A self-care smoking cessation method has been chosen.
All participants will receive a 21 -day manual, the Step-by-Step
Quit Kit of the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
Also available to participants, upon request, will be an
audiocassette of the manual recorded in either a male or a
female voice. Total monetary cost of the program will be
$1.75. Participants using the manual may elect to attend three
group sessions during the 21-day program.

0554.  DICKINSON-IRON DISTRICT HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 601 Washington Avenue, Post Offlce Box
   516, Stambaugh, Michigan 49964.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Naomi Haycock, R.N., Program Coordinator
(906)265-9913.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered to the general public on a quarterly basis.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0555.  EMMA L. BIXBY HOSPITAL, 818 Rlverslde
    Avenue, Adrian, Michigan 49221.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Lifto, Director of Education
(5 17)263-0711.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's smoking cessation clinic is
held three times a year at Bixby Hospital, in January, May, and
September. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0556.  GRATlOT COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, 300 Warwick
    Drlve, Alma, Michigan 48801.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Virginia White-Linn, Program Coordinator
(517)473-l 101.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are prOVid8d.

0557.  JACKSON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   410 Erie Street, Jackson, Michigan 49202.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Robyn Grinzinger, Health Educator
(517)788-4420.

Description:

The American Lung Association's cessation program is made
available to department employees and their spouses. The
sessions are held during work hours to attract more interest
and desire to attend the program. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0558.  LIVINGSTON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   204 South Highlander Way, Howell, Michigan
     48843.

262


Program MN:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Janice L. Hoover, Adult Health Program Supervisor
(517)546-9650.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered to the community between two and four
times a year. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0559.  MIDLAND COMMUNITY CANCER SERVICES,
    1170 James Savage Road, Midland, Mlchlgan
     48640.

Program Title:

School Smoking Education.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Dusseau, Executive Director, and Kathleen Dolan,
k&35-4841.

Description:

Progressive informational programs on the health hazards of
smoking are presented to students in grades 6, 7, and 9 in
Midland County. The physical effects of smoking, chemical
content of tobacco, and the advertising techniques employed
by the tobacco industry are discussed. Separate films are util-
ized for each class in addition to pamphlets and teaching
models.

0560.  MIDLAND COMMUNITY CANCER SERVICES,
    1170 James Savage Road, Midland, Michigan
     48640.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

C%NltaCt:

Ms. Susan Dusseau, Executive Director, and Kathleen Dolan,
Z&835-4841.

Descrlptlon:

The Smoking Cessation program assists the individual
through either one-on-one session(s) or a group support ap
preach by a trained instructor. Heal education and behavior
modification techniques are utilized.

0561.  THE NATlONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMO-
   TION, 3772 Plaza Drive, Suite 5, Ann Arbor,
   Michigan 48108.

Program Title:
How To Implement A Successful Worksite Smoking Policy.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(313)944-3329.

Descrlptlon:

How To Implement A Successful Worksite Smoking Policy is
a practical manual that gives readers a concrete nine-step
plan for successfully implementing a worksite smoking policy.
Some of the steps included are assessing the present cor-
porate environment, designing the smoking policy, implement-
ing the plan, providing smoking cessation assistance, and
tracking progress. This 102-page manual was developed by
The National Center for Health Promotion and is available for
$48.

0562.   THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMO-
    TlON, 3772 Plaza Drlve, Suite 5, Ann Arbor,
    Michigan 48108.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(313)944-3329.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0563.  OAKLAND COUNTY HEALTH DIVISION, Depart-
    ment of InstItutional and Human Services, 1200
    North Telegraph Road, Pontiac, Michigan 48053.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Martin Pawlicki, Public Health Educator
(313)858-5088.

Daacrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
monthly and is targeted mainly to local businesses. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0564.  PROVIDENCE HOSPITAL, Community Health
    Education Department, 16001 West Nine Mile
    Road, Post Office Box 2043, Southfield, Mlchlgan
     48037.

Program TM:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Pam Nelson, R.N., M.S.N., Coordinator
(313)424-3068.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn Systematic

263


techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0565.  SAINT JOHN HOSPITAL, Patient Education
    Center, 22101 Morass, Detroit, Michigan 48236.

Program Title:
Five-Day Plan.

Contact:

Mr. John H. Burrows, Program Coordinator
(313)343-4000.

Description:

Offered twice a year, this 5-day clinic helps interested in-
dividuals kick the habit. During these go-minute sessions, a
lecturer explains how cigarette smoking harms the body and
illustrates his points with several films. Illustrations of disease
states prepared by experts also are used.

0566.  SAINT JOHN HOSPITAL, Patient Education
    Center, 22101 Morass, Detroit, Michigan 48236.

Program Title:

Individual Counseling Approach to Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Camille C. Klimecki, Program Coordinator
(313)343-3870.

Description:

The goal of this individual counseling approach to smoking
cessation is to help individuals with their particular and unique
needs in regard to quitting smoking. On the initial visit, the
patient views two films on the health effects of smoking and
techniques for quitting. Therapists work closely with the
patient to develop a program of techniques specifically
designed to help that individual quit smoking. Behavior
modification andcontracting techniques are often used. Coun-
seling may include identification of the individual's motivation
for quitting, an explanation of the reasons why quitting may be
difficult, a description of the hazards of smoking and the
benefits of quitting, development of an appropriate quitting
strategy, an explanation of stimulus and responsetraining and
readjustment, and continued followup until smoking cessation
is accomplished. Films, pre- and posttests, review sheets,
and self-evaluation sheets may be used to augment the
program.

0567.  SAINT JOHN HOSPITAL, Patient Education
   Center, 22101 Morass, Detroit, Michigan 48236.

Program Title:

Want To Quit Smoking - It's Up To YOU!

Contact:

Ms. Camille C. Klimecki, Program Coordinator
(313)343-3870.

Description:

This week-long smoking cessation program is held on

consecutive evenings for 2 to 2-l/2 hours. The program in-
cludes lectures by physicians, Nationally produced films, and
question-and-an,swer sessions. Topics covered include the
health hazards of smoking, reasons for initiation and main-
tenance of the smoking habit, and tips for quitting. Brochures,
pamphlets, posters, buttons, slides, films, and visual diagrams
are used to illustrate the program.

0588.  ST. JOSEPH MERCY HOSPITAL, 900 Woodward
   Avenue, Pontiac, Michigan 48053.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Sheridan, Program Coordinator, Office of Health
Promotion
(313)858-3155.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

0569.  ST. JOSEPH'S HEALTH EDUCATlON CENTER,
    215 North Avenue, Mt. Clemens, Michigan 48043.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Eileen Eckert, Director
(313)263-2880.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

0570.  ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, 700 Cooper Avenue,
   Saginaw, Michigan 48602.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ava Lewis, R.N.., B.S.N., Program Coordinator
(517)771-6163.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings
that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
are provided.

264


0571.  ST. MARY'S HEALTH CONNECTION, 830 South
   Jefferson Avenue, Saginaw, Michigan 48601.

Program Mle:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Laura Foy, Coordinator, Health Promotion Program
(517)776-8400.

Descrlptlon:

The Health Connection is currently using the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking program in health
promotion to the community. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0572.  SHIAWASSEE COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 110 East Mack Street, Corunna, Michigan
     48817.

Program Tttle:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Mikelle Whitt, Public Health Educator
(517)743-2355.

Description:

The American Lung Association's cessation program is of-
fered threeor fourtimes a yearto the general public. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0573.  WASHTENAW COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 4101 Washtenaw Road, Post Office Box
   8645, Ann Arbor, Michigan 481078645.

Program Mle:

Breathe Easy Packet And Manual.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Scranton, Worksite Wellness Coordinator
(313)971-3993.

Descrlptton:

The manual and packet are the same as those provided in the
Breathe Easy Seminar. The cost of the packet is $5 plus
postage and the cost of the manual is $3 plus postage.

0574.  WASHTENAW COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 4101 Washtenaw Road, Post Office Box
    8645, Ann Arbor, Mlchlgan 48107-6645.

Program Title:
Breathe Easy Seminar.

Contact:

Ms. Michelle Scranton, Worksite Wellness Coordinator
(313)971-3993.

Descrlptlon:

This seminar provides the basis for individual worksites to
develop their own smoking Policies. It is completed in one l/2-
day session. The format inc:ludes both lecture and small
group discussions and provides specific steps to take in
answering the questions: when, where, how, and by whom.
A manual and packet are provided for each participant. Pre-
viously available only locally, the seminar is now being offered
throughout Michigan.

0575.  WASHTENAW COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 4101 Washtenaw Road, Post Office Box
    8645, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48107-8645.

Program Tttle:

Marketing Smoking Cessation To And Through Physicians.

Contact:

Ms. Beverly Chethik, Chief, Community Health Bureau and
Ms. Vicki Nighswander, Health Educator
(313)971-4582 and 971-3993.

Descrlptlon:

Through a Michigan Department of Public Health grant, aself-
help packet of tools has been developed for health providers
to counsel pregnant patients who smoke in cessation techni-
ques. Along with research on available techniques, input from
both local health care providers and patients was solicited in
the development of the tools. The cost of a packet is $2 plus
postage.

0576.  WESTERN MICHIGAN ASSOCIATED DISTRICT
    HEALTH DEPARTMENT, District #5, 314 State
   Street, Post Office Drawer 72, Hart, Michigan
     49420.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Linda VanGills, Heafth Education Coordinator
(616)873-2193.

Description:

This program is offered twice a year to the general public in
the following Counties: Lake, Newaygo. Oceana, Ma&tee,
Mason, and Meccsta. The service is also offered to worksites.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part I.

265


0577.  ABBOTT NORTHWESTERN HOSPITAL, 800 East
   28th Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55407.

Program Title:

Phase II Quit Smoking Program.

Contact:

Mr. Howard Epstein, Program Coordinator
(612)863-4302.

Description:

The Phase II Quit Smoking Program focuses not only on help-
ing smokers to quit, but also on helping them not to relapse.
The program incorporates elements of a chemical depend-
ency model and works to help participants devebp a different
self-concept. Phase II meets twice a week for 3 weeks. Ab-
bott Northwestern Hospital also provides one-to-one consult-
ation with psychologists from the Behavioral Medicine Clinic.

0578.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MINNESOTA
    AFFILIATE, INC., 4701 West 77th Street,
    Mlnneapolls, Mlnnesota 55435.

Program Title:
Calling It Quits.

contact:

Ms. Roz Johnson, Director of Community Programs
(612)835-3300.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Calling It Quits program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0579.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MINNESOTA
    AFFILIATE, INC., 4701 West 77th Street,
   Mlnneapolls, Minnesota 55435.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Roz Johnson, Director of Community Programs
(612)835-3300.

Description:

The American Heart Association offers the American Lung
Association's In Control videocassette smoking cessation
program. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0580.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MINNESOTA
   AFFILIATE, INC., 4701 West 77th Street,
   Minneapolis, Minnesota 55435.

Program ntle:
Save A Sweet Heart.

MINNESOTA

contact:

Ms. Roz Johnson, Director of Community Programs
(612)835-3300.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0581.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MIN-
    NESOTA AND MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF
   EDUCATION, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102.

Program Title:

Tobacco Free Schools In Minnesota.

Contact:

Ms. Holly Loeff ler, Program Coordinator
(612)227-8014.

Descrlptlon:

After an extensive period of coordination and planning, the
American Lung Association of Minnesota and the Tobacco
Use Prevention Office of the Department of Education have
initiated a program entitled Tobacco Free Schools in Min-
nesota. Workshops have been held around the State and a
resource manual has been developed for schools and school
districts. The program targets schools and addresses tobac-
co policies that affect the students, staff, and community mem-
bers who use school facilities. The goal is to encourage
school districts to adjust their policies to prohibit smoking.

0582.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF RAMSEY
    COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102-2287.

Program Title:

Because You Love Your Baby.

contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Health Education
(612)224-4901.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby kit is offered for a minimal cost. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Pat? 1.

0583.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF RAMSEY
   COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102-2287.

Program ntle:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

266


Contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Health Education
(612)224-4901.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
cessation clinics are offered. A fee of $50 is charged to all
participants in order to cover material costs and facilitators'
salaries. Clinics are offered throughout Ramsey County on
an ongoing basis. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0584.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF RAMSEY
    COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102-2287.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Health Education
(612)224-4901.

Description:

The American Lung Association's 1 Oday self-help program
for pregnant women is offered. The cost for manual and
relaxation tape is $5 each or $7for both. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0585.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF RAMSEY
    COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102-2287.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Health Education
(612)224-4901.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Family self-help program is offered at a cost
to participants of $4.95. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0586.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF RAMSEY
    COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102-2287.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days.

Contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Health Education
(612)224-4901.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals, Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A
Lifetime Of Freedom From Smoking are available. Single

manuals cost $5; the cost for the set is $7. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0587.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF RAMSEY
    COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102.2287.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Health Education
(612)224-4901.

Description:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking cessa-
tion program is offered. The materials may be purchased for
$59.95 or borrowed for $30. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0588.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF RAMSEY
    COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Minnesota 55102-2287.

Program Title:

Smokers' Support Group.

Contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Heaith Education
(612)224-4901.

Descrlptlon:

Former smokers, ex-smokers still struggling with their habit,
and smokers wanting to quit are invited to attend. For more
information, call the American ILung Association of Ramsey
County.

0589.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF RAMSEY
    COUNTY, 614 Portland Avenue, St. Paul,
     Mlnnesota 55102-2287.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy Kit For Health Care Providers.

Contact:

SueOlmstead, M.P.H., Director, Smoking or Health Education
(612)224-4901.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
Kit is distributed to focal physicilans at a cost of $7 a kit. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0590.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, HENNEPIN
    COUNTY, 1829 Portland Avenue, Mlnneapolls,
    Minnesota 55404.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clink=%

267


Contact:

Ms. Penny Gottier, Program Coordinator
(612)871-7332.

Description:
The American Lung Association Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0591.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, HENNEPIN
    COUNTY, 1829 Portland Avenue, Mlnneapolls,
     Minnesota 55484.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Penny Gottier, Program Coordinator
(612)871-7332.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association Freedom From Smoking self-
help program, consisting of two manuals on cessation and
maintenance, is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0592.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, HENNEPIN
   COUNTY, 1829 Portland Avenue, Mlnneapolls,
     Mlnnesota 55404.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Penny Gottier, Program Coordinator
(612)871-7332.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking cessa-
tion program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0593.  BEMIDJI CLINIC, 1233 34th Street Northwest,
   Bemldjl, Minnesota 56601.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Ann Daley. Program Coordinator
(218)751-1280 ext.21 2.

Description:

This hospital offers eight 2-hour sessions based on the
American Cancer Society cessation model. In addition, clinic
patients are invited on an individual basis to view an
audiovisual program on cessation methods, after which a
counselor helps them to set goals and provides a point of con-
tact for followup. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0594.  FAIRMONT MEDICAL CUNIC, P.A., AMERICAN
    LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MINNESOTA, 800 Clinic
   Circle, Post Off Ice Box 800, Falrmont, Mlnnesota
     56031.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Susan M. Hanson, Program Coordinator
(507)238-4263.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinic is offered in the fall and spring of each year. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0595.  GROUP HEALTH, INC., Health Education Depart-
   ment, 2829 Unlverslty Avenue, Southeast,
   Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414.

Program Title:
Unsmoke.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(612)623-8536.

Descrlptlon:

The Unsmoke class serves the HMO's 200,000 members.and
staff at 14 medical and dental centers in the Twin Cities
Metropolitan a.rea. This 7-week class is designed to provide
smokers with support and skills to enable them to quit smok-
ing gradually, comfortably, and successfully. The class is
taught by former smokers and teaches smokers to: 1) iden-
tify their own smoking triggers; 2) set realistic and attainable
goals for themselves; 3) cut down on their smoking gradually
and comfortably: and 4) develop skills to stop smoking and
prevent a relapse. A Quit Smoking Resource list is available
to Group Health, Inc. members and staff with information on
smoking cessation classes and support groups in the
metropolitan area where they can attend and receive a dis-
count on the class fee. A variety of patient education literature
is available at the medical center sites.

0596.  ISANTI-MILLE LACS COMMUNITY HEALTH SER-
    VICES, 221 Northwest Second Avenue,
   Cambridge, Minnesota 55008.

Program Title:

Nonsmoking And Health Promotion Project.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Nelson, Program Coordinator
(612)669-5149.
Description:

This project is working toward three major goals: promoting
nonsmoking environments in local businesses, reducing or
preventing smoking among District 911 students, and expand-
ing local D-Day efforts. Businesses are provided with techni-
cal assistance, on-site presentations, educational materials,

268


and cessation programs. Awards are continually given to
employers that implement a smoke-free policy.

The project health educator helped the middle schools in Dis-
trict 911 choose a smoking prevention curriculum, the Min-
nesota Smoking Prevention Plan developed by the University
of Minnesota, to be used in grade 7. In addition, all fourth-
grade students in District 911 received instruction from the
Smoke-free Generation curriculum for 2 or 3 days, and all stu-
dents and their teachers were given T-shirts with a
nonsmoking message.

A technical advisory committee was established consisting of
representatives from local businesses, schools, clergy, and
health facilities. Committee members were charged with
promoting D-Day activities. Businesses were visited by a task
force member who distributed brochures and decals for store
windows. Members encourage participation in smoking ces-
sation programs and this Community Health Services agency
sponsors FreshStart classes several times a year.

0597.  MANKATO HEART HEALTH PROGRAM, 101
    North Second Street, Suite 103, Mankato,
     Minnesota 56001.

Program Title:
Quit And Win.

Contact:

Mr. Richard Swanson, Program Coordinator
(507)625-8874.

Description:

Quit And Win is a self-help program to stop smoking. lt helps
the smoker understandthe habit and identifytheproblemsthat
will be hardest to overcome. ft also teaches specific techni-
ques for tackling these problems that can threaten success in
quitting. With the Quit And Win method, smokers learn how
to handle tempting situations or how to avoid them. It also an-
ticipates relapse situations and helps the participant prepare
for them. The fee for the Quit And Win manual is $5.

0598.  MAYO CLINIC, Patlent and Health Education
    Section, Rochester, Minnesota 55901.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Dorothy Ann Dale, Assistant Director
(507)284-8140.

Description:

Smoking Cessation is a go-minute, entry-level program
providing an overview of smoking behavior and covering the
basic concepts of smoking cessation. ft is designed to assist
smokers in examining their thoughts about the decision to stop
smoking, to provide information about the heafth effects of
smoking, and to help the smoker develop a plan for quitting.

0599.  MAYO CLINIC, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation Center.

Contact:
Richard D. Hurt, M.D., Director
(507)286-1930.

Descrlptlon:-

The Center provides smokhg cessation services to Mayo
Clinic patients. It is staffed by physicians, a psychologist, and
smoking cessation counselors providing a range of services.
There is a smoking cessation consultation service that
evaluates and counsels smokers referred by their physicians.

The level I intervention program provides five sessions of 2
hours each, with the first hour being educational in format and
the second hour oriented to group therapy. The following are
educational topics covered in the sessions: 1) overview of the
medical consequences of smoking and concept of nicotine de-
pendence; 2) development of nonsmoking and coping skills;
3) diet and exercise; 4) overview of stress management
methods; and 5) maintenance of the nonsmoking status and
relapse prevention. Th services are provided for outpatients
and patients hospitalized at Mayo-affiliated hospitals.

Continued relapse prevention is provided for each patient by
a system of computer-prompted individual evaluation and
patient contact, which will occur approximately 14times during
the 12 months after the initial treatment.

The Center is developing a nicotine-dependence question-
naire to assist staff in determining the degree of the patient's
nicotine dependence. There are plans for the development of
more intensive treatment, to include inpatient treatment for
patients with severe nicotine dependence.

0600.  MINNEAPOLIS HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Public
    Health Center, 250 South Fourth Street,
    Minneapolis, Mlnnasota 55415-1372.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Al Olson, Supervisor, Health Education
(612)348-2304.

Descrlptlon:

The program's objective is to help people stop smoking using
the American Cancer Society's FreshStart program. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0601.  MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 717
    Southeast Delaware Street, Post Off ice Box 9441,
   Mlnneapolls, Minnesota 55440.

Program Title:
The Minnesota Nonsmoking Initiative.


Contact:

Ms. Kathy Harty, Manager for Nonsmoking and Health
(612)623-5500.

Deacrlptlon:

By legislative mandate, the Minnesota Department of Health
has initiated, and is promoting, a wide variety of high-quality
tobacco-use prevention programs, including community and
Statewide special projects grants, Statewide surveys, tobac-
co-use prevention programs in schools, extensive market re-
search, and most recently, campaigns on television, radio,
and billboards. Together these programs are called the Min-
nesota Nonsmoking Initiative. These programs represent a
multifaceted, Statewide effort to market a tobacco-free life-
style to Minnesotans.

By November 1985, eight special projects grants, each for a
2-year period, had been awarded across the State for non-
smoking projects. In spring 1986, a Statewide survey on the
smoking habits of students in grade 9 was completed. The
health department is currently collaborating with the Univer-
sity of Minnesota and Wisconsin's Departments of Public In-
struction and of Health and Social Services on a National
Cancer Institute grant to evaluate school activities in Min-
nesota in relation to those in Wisconsin over the next 5 years.
During the 1985-86 school year, 75 percent of the 433 school
districts in Minnesota applied for and received funds allocated
by the legislature to develop tobacco-use prevention
programs, For the 1986-87 school year, the percentage was
91.

Pursuant to the use of mass media in promoting a tobacco-
free lifestyle, extensive market research and several mass
media campaigns have been conducted by the Minnesota
Department of Health. In May and June 1986, the Department
conducted its first mass media project with a 6-week television
campaign promoting a smoke-free lifestyle for children ages
8 through 18. In March 1987, the Department becamecospon-
sor of the Minnesota High School Hockey Tournament with a
tobacco use prevention campaign aimed at youth and young
adults.

More recently, the Minnesota Department of Health con-
tracted jointly with the Minnesota Institute of Public Health and
Campbell-Mithun Advertising to design and initiate two varied
tobacco-free lifestyle campaigns emphasizing the social un-
desirability of tobacco use. The campaigns, initiated in June
1987, were aimed at adolescents, preadolescents, and young
women. Also, the Department conducted the first in a series
of Statewide telephone surveys to gather data related to
tobacco use.

0602.  NORTHFIELD HOSPITAL, 801 West First Street,
    Northfleld, Mlnnesota 55057.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Maxine Lamm, R.N., Education Director
(507)645-6661.

Descrlptlon:

A physician lectures on the physical effects of smoking, why

people smoke, and what triggers smoking behavior. Using a
breath ecolyzer machine, participants record the carbon
monoxide level in their bodies. After 2 days of abstention,
carbon monoxide is again measured to show its decrease.
Participants are urged to exercise to minimize weight gain and
to avoid social situations that trigger and influence smoking
behavior. At the last meeting, successful control iscelebrated.
ff any participants feel it necessary to remain in contact, a
Smokers Anonymous group is formed and meets weekly as
needed. The program costs $35.

0603.  OLMSTED COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   1650 Fo&th Street SE., Rochester, Mlnnesota
     55904.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation/Education.

Contact:

Ms. Joyce Stromberg, Program Coordinator
(507)285-8343.

Deecrlptlon:

Staff offer smoking cessation to county employees through
behavior modification classes and hypnotherapy sessions. In
addition, education and cessation classes are offered in the
county high schools. Students meet for 1 hour during the
school day for 10 weeks. They learn why and how they can
be successful in quitting and how not to succumb to pressure
to start smoking again.

0604.  PRIMARY CARE CLINIC, THE HEALTH CENTER
   FOR WOMEN, 258 East Unlversity Avenue, St.
    Paul, Minnesota 55101.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Clinic.

Contact:

Susan Schwartz, M.D., Medical Director
(612)221-8854.

Descrlptlon:

Pamphlets from the American Lung Association, the National
Cancer Institute, and the Minnesota Department of Health are
distributed to members who request information. Persons in-
terested in quitting smoking are referred to a cessation clinic
held at Ramsey Clinic.

0605.  RAMSEY COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, ST. PAUL DIVISION, 555 Cedar Street, St.
    Paul, Minnesota.

Program Tltle:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Peg Torgerson, Program Coordinator
(612)292-7238.

Descrlptlon:
The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking

270


clinics are offered to city employees. For more intormatlon,   that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup services
see the detailed program description in Part 1.          are provided.

0606.  REACH MAXIMUM HEALTH, ROCHESTER
    METHODIST HOSPITAL, 201 West Center Street,
    Rochester, Minnesota 55902.

Program Tkle:
Smokers' Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Doris Toddie, Program Coordinator
(507)286-7006.

Descrlptlon:

Smokers' Clinic isdesigned to provide information throughfor-
mal presentations, insight through groupdiscussion, and sup-
poti through audiovisual materials and literature. The first
hour of each Smoker's Clinic session begins with a formal
presentation by resource people such as physicians,
psychiatrists, dietitians, other health care professionals, and
ex-smokers. The topics addressed in this part of the session
include: an introduction and discussion of the Smokers' Clinic
philosophy; smoking and health; how smoking affects your
lungs and cardiovascular system and how smoking affects
your ears, nose, and throat; psychological aspects of smok-
ing and quitting; a panel discussion of ex-smokers; nutrition
and weight control while quitting smoking; and an experimen-
tal withdrawal session. The second hour of each session is
spent in small group discussion under the direction of ex-
smokers who volunteer to act as group leaders.

0607.  RIVERSIDE MEDICAL CENTER, A Jolnt Venture
   of St. Mary's and Falrvlew Rlverslde Hospltals,
    Rlverslde at 25th Avenue South, Mlnneapolls,
     Mlnnesota 55454.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Mr. William Salzer, Program Coordinator
(612)337-4680.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Parti learn systematic techni-
ques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate cravings

0608.  WASHINGTON COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
    PUBLIC HEP!,TH, 14900 61 st Street North, Post
    Office Box 6, Stillwater, Minnesota 55082-0006.

Program Title:
Freedom From Sm0kir.g.

Contact:

Suz-Ann Stenso-Velo, M.P.H., Health Educator
(612)779-5445.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinicsareconducted about fourtimesayearforgeneralpublic
participation. The department also conducts on-site clinics at
requesting worksites. In addition to the clinic approach, a self-
help approach is offered that covers similar information, but
lacks the group support. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0609.  WINONA COUNTY COMMUNITY HEALTH SER-
    VICES, Courthouse, 171 West Third Street,
    Wlnona, Minnesota. 55987.

Program Title:

Community Nonsmoking And Health Project.

Contact:

Ms. Lynn S. Theurer, Administrator
(507)454-2836.

Descrlptlon:

The project targets children and adolescents at risk for smok-
ing and smokeless tobacco use and young adult women who
smoke. The project aims to increase public knowledge and
awareness of tobacco and to promote a tobacco-free lifestyle.
Community education on the health risks of smoking is being
implemented in the schools, Park and Recreation Department
activities, 4-H Clubs, Girl Scouts, Boy Scouts, YMCA, and
YWCA. There is also an education program on the effects of
smokeless tobacco for Little League players. A community
education program for young adult women is being imple-
mented at Winona State University, St. Mary's College, St.
Teresa's College, and Winona Area Technical Institute. Also,
smoking pregnant women in the Women, Infants, and Children
program are counseled on the risks of smoking.

MlsslsslPPl

0610.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MISSISSIPPI
   AFFILIATE, 4830 East McWlllle Circle, Post Off ice
    Box 16808, Jackson, Mlsslsslppl39236.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:
Ms. Sally Walton, Program Director
(601)981-4721.

Descrlptlon:
The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is

271


offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0611.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MISSISSIPPI
    AFFILIATE, 4830 East McWlllle Circle, Post Off Ice
   Box 16808, Jackson, Mlsslsslppl39236.

Program Title:

Heart Health Education For The Young.

Contact:

Ms. Sally Walton, Program Director
(601)981-4721.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Health Education For
The Young program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0612.  MISSISSIPPI LUNG ASSOCIATION, 353 North
    Mart Plaza, Post Offlce Box 9865, Jackson,
   Mlsslsslppl39206.

Program Title:
Smoking Or Health.

Contact:

Mr. Jedson M. Allred, Jr., Executive Director
(601)362-5453.

Description:

The Mississippi Lung Association supports the work for a
Smoke-Free Society by the Year 2000 by implementing and
expanding the American Lung Association's Smoke-Free
Family and Tobacco-Free Young America Project activities.
Other activities include smoking cessation programs,
marijuana education, nonsmoker protection, school health
education, and support for legislation to regulate smoking in
public places.

0613.  MISSISSIPPI STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
    2423 North State Street, Post Offlce Box 1700,
   Jackson, Mlsslsslppl39215-1700.

Program Title:
Health Department Activities.

Contact:

Alton 8. Cobb, M.D., M.P.H., State Health Officer
(601)354-6612.

Descrlptlon:

Initial activities regarding smoking and health implemented by
the Mississippi State Department of Health since 1986 include
gathering data from two Smoke Surveys. The object of these
surveys was to gather data reflecting public sentiment about
laws regulating smoking in public places. Both surveys
showed that residents polled strongly favored some regulation
of smoking in public places. Even smokers themselves sup-
ported regulation of smoking in public places or a total ban of
smoking in public places. The contact persons for both sur-
veys are F.E. Thompson, Jr., M.D., M.P.H., Chief, Bureau of
Preventive Health Services; Bruce Brackin, M.P.H.,
Epidemiologist; and Ms. Ellen Shea Jones, Director, Health
Promotion and Education.

The Department of Health has also included smoking cessa-
tion clinics in its activities. One smoking cessation clinic was
held in February 1987 for central office employees. In addi-
tion, the Office of Health Promotion and Education has cited
as a goal scheduling a smoking cessation clinic in each of the
nine district health off ices. The contact persons for these two
programs are, respectively, Ms. Jan Walker, Director, Staff
Development (601)960-7634 and Ms. Ellen Shea Jones,
Director, Health Promotion and Education (601)960-7725.

0614.  REGION ONE MENTAL HEALTH CENTER, Post
   Offlce Box 1046, Clarksdale, Mlsslsslppl38614.

Program Title:

Health Education - Prevention: Alcohol/Drugs/Tobacco.

Contact:

John Farris, MEcl., Coordinator
(601)627-7267.

Description:

Minority junior high schoolstudents in afour-County rural area
are exposed to information about tobacco use and drug
abuse, and are assisted in establishing both the intra- and in-
terpersonal skills inecessary to make informed decisions about
behavior related to these substances. The aim is to decrease
the use of these substances in the target audience. The
program also aims at increasing the number of students par-
ticipating in establishing alternative programs related to tobac-
co use and drug abuse, and improving the interagency
affiliation and communication among community resources.
Specially trained faculty present the educational material in a
classroom setting. The program uses pre- and posttest
results and multiple baseline assessments to evaluate
effectiveness.

MlSSOURl

0615.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MISSOURI   Program Title:
   DIVISION, INC., Post Offlce Box 1066, Jefferson    FreshStart.
   City, Missouri 65102.

272


Contact:

Ms. Cindi Keele, Director of Public Education
(314)893-4800.

Descrlptlon:

The Missouri Division of the American Cancer Society offers
smoking cessation and education programs to the public on a
request basis in worksites, health care organizations, com-
munity youth groups, and to children in schools. The
American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0616.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MISSOURI
    DIVISION, INC., Post Office Box 1066, Jefferson
   City, Mlssourl65102.

Program Title:

Tobacco Use Education For Youth And Adults.

Contact:

Ms. Cindi Keele, Director of Public Education
(314)893-4800.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's programs that focus on
prevention are available free. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0617.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF EASTERN
   MISSOURI, 1118 Hampton Avenue, St. Louis,
     Mlssourl63139.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Diane L. Lee, Program Director
(314)645-5505.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
materials are used. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0618.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF EASTERN
    MlSSOURI, 1118 Hampton Avenue, St. LOUIS,
    Mlssourl63139.

Program Title:

Speakers' Bureau On Smoking And Health.

Contact:

Ms. Diane L. Lee, Program Director
(314)645-5505.

Descrlptlon:

At the request of businesses, social groups, civic clubs, and
others, the bureau provides volunteer speakers on the topic
of smoking and health. The primary objective is to educate
the goneral public about the hazards associated with cigarette
smoking and secondhand smoke. The secondary objective

is to encourage smokers to quit. Othertopics are smoking and
pregnancy, State, Federal and local legislative efforts to
protectthe rights of nonsmokers, and marijuana and the lungs.
Supplemental materials such as audiovisuals, brochures,
posters, and buttons are available.

0619.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN
    MISSOURI, 1835 South Stewart Street,
   Sprlngfleld, Missouri 65804.

Program Tkle:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Shirley A. Fulda, Program Director
(816)842-5242.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0628.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN
    MISSOURI, 1835 South Stewart Street,
   Sprlngfleld, Missouri 65804.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Shirley A. Fulda, Program Director
(816)842-5242.

Descrlptlon:

The Freedom From Smoking clinics are adapted by the
American Lung Association's director to meet the specific
needs of the individual workplace. The director is also con-
sulted in the planning and is directly involved in the implemen-
tation of the program. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0621.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
    MISSOURI, 1835 South Stewart Street,
   Sprlngfield, Missourl65804.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Shirley A. Fulda, Program Director
(816)842-5242.

Description:

Materials developed by the ,American Lung Association are
sold on request.

0622.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN
   MISSOURI, 1835 South Stewart Street,
   Springfield, Mlsacurl65804.

273


Program Title:

Students Teach Students.

Contact:

Ms. Shirley A. Fulda, Program Director
(816)842-5242.

Descrlptlon:
Heafth occupations students in area vocational schools are
specially trained in information techniques developed by the
American Lung Association. T teach elementary school
children the hazards of nicotine, marijuana, and smokeless
tobacco use. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0623.  AUDRAIN MEDICAL CENTER, 620 East Monroe,
   Mexico, Mlssourl65265.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Cindy Feutz, R.N., B.S.N., Patient Educator
(314)581-l 760.

Dsscrlptlon:

Audrain Medical Center offers the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking clinics. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0624.  MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 1730
   East Elm Street, Post Offlcs Box 570, Jefferson
    Clty, Missouri 65102.

Program Title:

Employer-Assisted Smoking Elimination.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Hansen, Health Educator
(314)751-6077.

Description:

The American Lung Association of Eastern Missouri's
Employer-Assisted Smoking Elimination (EASE) program, a
comprehensive smoking education and cessation program
designed specifically fort he workplace, is offered to public and
private worksites. The EASE program encourages participa-
tion of all employees, both smokers and nonsmokers, and en-
courages recruitment into smoking education programs and
self-help, video, and group smoking cessation programs
through the use of an employee steering committee. Techni-
cal assistance in implementing the EASE program is available
through the Office of Health Promotion.

0625. MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 1730
   East Elm Street, Post Office Box 570, Jefferson
   City, Missouri 65102.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Hansen, Health Educator
(314)751-6077.

Description:

The American Lung Association's seff-help smoking cessation
and maintenance manuals are available to State employees
and local health departments. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0626.  MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 1730
   East ElmeStreet, Post Offlcs Box 570, Jefferson
   City, Missouri 65102.

Program Title:
Public Information.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Hansen, Health Educator
(314)751-6077.

Descrlptlon:

The Office of Health Promotion provides free literature and
materials regarding the hazards of cigarette smoking,
secondhand smoke, and other issues related to smoking and
health. Literature is also available on smoking legislation,
workplace smok.ing policies, and smoking cessation.

0627.  MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, OFFlCE
   OF HEALTH PROMOTION. Post Offlcs Box 570,

Jefferson Clty, Missouri 65102.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy Research
Demonstration Project.

And

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Miller, Chief, Office of Health Promotion
(314)751-6077.

Descrlptlon:

Missouri is one of three States funded by the Centers tor Dis-
ease Control for a 2-year research and demonstration project
evaluating the effectiveness of a smoking cessation interven-
tion among pregnant women in a public prenatal clinic setting.
State-of-the-art smoking cessation techniques coupled with
information derived from focus groups will be used to develop
an intervention to be delivered by prenatal clinic staff. The ef-
fectiveness of this intervention will be measured by patient quit
rates; biochemical testing will be used to verify reported quits.
A practitioner's manual will be developed, and the smoking
cessation intervention is expected to be replicated in other
prenatal clinic settings.

0628.  MISSOURI REHABILITATION CENTER, 600
   North Main Street, Mt. Vernon, Mlssourl65712.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

274


Contact:
Ms. Jane Nelson, Director of Pulmonary Rehabilitation
(417)466-3611 ext.427.

Descrlptlon:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0629.  MISSOURI REHABILITATION CENTER, 600
    North Maln Street, Mt. Vernon, Missouri 65712.

Program Tltle:
Pulmonary Rehabilitation Patient Education.

Contact:
Ms. Jane Nelson, Director of Pulmonary Rehabilitation
(417)466-3611 ext.427.

Description:
This information program for Ipatients with minorto severe pul-
monary disorders includes e:rercise sessions, discussions of
the hazards of smoking, and tips on how to quit. Materials
from the American Cancer (Society and the American Lung
Association are used.

MONTANA

0639.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MONTANA
    DIVISION, INC., 313 North 32nd Street, Suite 1,
    Billings, Montana 59101.

Contact:

Mr. Ric Liggett, Program Dirlactor
(406)252-7111.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Descrlptlon:

Contact:

Mr. Ric Liggett, Program Director
(406)252-7111.

Descrlptlon:

The Ameriian Cancer Society has nationally produced videos
and training materials for public education involving the use of
tobacco products, lung cancer, and oral cancer resulting from
the use of chewing tobacco. There are currently 58 local
volunteer units across Montana with afirm commitmentto help
their neighbors educate themselves in the fight against
cancer.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1,

0631.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MONTANA
    DIVISION, INC., 313 North 32nd Street, Suite 1,
    Billings, Montana 59101.

0633.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MONTANA
    AFFILIATE, 510 First Avenue North #4, Great
    Falls, Montana 59401.

Program ntle:

Activities To Promote Nonsmoking.

Program Mle:

Great American Smokeout.

Contact:

Contact:

Ms. Ellie Hilpert, Program Director
(406)452-1401 or (800)447-9442.

Mr. Ric Liggett, Program Director
(406)252-7111.

Descrlptlon:

Descrlptlon:

On the third Thursday of November, Montanans are asked to
voluntarily give up their smoking habit for a full day. Included
in the promotion are national television public service
announcements featuring "Dallas" star Larry Hagman, locally
produced spots, newspapers, and corporate newsletters. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Partl.

The association has education materials, including posters,
pamphlets, films, and videos, available upon request for the
general public, schools, and civic organizations. Other ac-
tivities include support of clean air legislation and smoke-free
schools, banning billboard advertising and free tobacco
samples, and preparing policy for medical facilities.

0634.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MONTANA,
   825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

0632.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MONTANA
    DIVISION, INC., 313 North 32nd Street, Sub 1,
   Bllllngs, Montana 59101.

Program Title:
Death In The West.

Contact:

Program Tltle:                       Ms. Anna B. Jones, Progralm Consultant
Statewide Health Seminars.                 (406)442-6556.

275


Description:

The audiovisual tape is available in various Beta and VHS for-
mats. A teaching guide and other relevant materials are avail-
able with the audiovisual. The materials focus on the effects
of smoking and target junior high students through adults.

0635.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Anna B. Jones, Program Consuftant
(406)442-6556.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0636.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

Program Tltle:

Freedom From Smoking In The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Anna B. Jones, Program Consultant
(406)442-6556.

Description:

This program assists both employers and employees in as-
sessing workplace problems and needs priir to initiating on-
site Freedom From Smoking clinics for interested personnel.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0637.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Anna B. Jones, Program Consultant
(406)442-6556.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control smoking cessa-
tion program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0638.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

Program Title:
Smokescreen.

Contact:

Ms. Anna B. Jones, Program Consultant
(406)442-6556.

Descrlptlon:

Smokescreeen consists of six programs designed for Apple II
computers that involve the individual learner in an engrossing
smoking education experience. The programs are targeted at
persons age 7 through adult.

0639.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Anna B. Jones, Program Consultant
(406)442-6556.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0640.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

Program Title:

Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer.

Contact:

Ms. Anna B. Jones, Program Consultant
(406)442-6556.

Descrlptlon:

This packet of attractive classroom materials is planned to
provide junior high students with appealing methods of com-
bating peer pressure to smoke. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0641.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

Program Title:
Tip Of The Hat.

Contact:

Ms. Anna B. Jones, Program Consultant
(406)442-6556.

Descrlptlon:

This program horlors businesses and groups offering smoke-
free atmospheres. Individuals are encouraged to seek and
make nominations. Those commended are sent certificates
and featured in local newspapers.

0642.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MONTANA,
    825 Helena Avenue, Helena, Montana 59601.

276


Program Title:

Tobacco Free Class Of 2000.

Contact:

Mr. Earl W. Thomas, Program Consultant
(406)442-6556.

Description:

The American Lung Association of Montana is adopting the
kindergarten class of 1987, eventually the graduating Class of
2000. Programs, buttons, and banners will be aimed at this
class, with followup each year reinforcing their freedom from
tobacco. A Tobacco Free School program is being offered
simultaneously.

0643.  MONTANA DEACONESS MEDICAL CENTER,
    Department of Education, 1101 26th Street
    South, Great Falls, Montana 59405.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Esther Lantz, Program Coordinator
(406)791-5507.

Description:

The American Lung Association's cessation program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0644.  MOUNTAINVIEW CLINIC, Box 469, White Sulphur
    Sprlngs, Montana 59645.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Audrey East, L.P.N., Program Coordinator
(406)547-3384.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to all County residents. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0645.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEBRASKA
    DIVISION, INC., 8502 West Center Road, Omaha,
     Nebraska 68124-5255.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Daniel E. Wherry, Chairman
(402)474- 179 1.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0646.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEBRASKA
    AFFILIATE, 3624 Farnam Street, Omaha,
    Nebraska 68131.

Program Title;
Heart At Work.

Contact;

Ms. Patricia Shea, Program Specialist
(402)346-0771.

Descrlptlon:

This wellness education program helps employers sponsor
health promotion activities in their workplace. For more infor-
mation, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

NEBRASKA

0647.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEBRASKA
    AFFILIATE, 3624 Farnam Street, Omaha,
     Nebraska 68131.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Ms. Gayle Cluck, Program Director
(402)346-0771.

Description:

This patient education program is available to health care
providers. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0648.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEBRASKA
    AFFILIATE, 3624 Farnam Street, Omaha,
    Nebraska 68131.

Program Title:

Putting Your Heart Into The Curriculum.

Contact:

Ms. Gayle Cluck, Program Director
(402)346-0771.

Description:

Smoking education is included iln each of four health curricula
for students in kindergarten through grade 12. For more in-
formation, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

277


0649.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEBRASKA
   AFFILIATE, 3624 Farnam Street, Omaha, Nebras-
    ka 68131.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Gayle Cluck, Program Director
(402)346-0771.

Descrlptlon:

This 1 O-week program targets junior and senior high school
students. Conducted by students, this awareness program
culminates on February 14, Save A Sweet Heart Day. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0658.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   NEBRASKA, 8901 lndlan Hills Drive, Suite 107,
    Omaha, Nebraska 68114-4893.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Tobacco Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Arlene Weingart, Program Associate
(402)393-2222.

Description:

The American Lung Association of Nebraska provides the
necessary biofeedback equipment for schools to conduct a
five-lesson program about smoking designed for students in
grades 7 through 12. This program is based on the American
Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking Education
Program. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0651.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   NEBRASKA, 8901 Indian Hills Drive, Suite 107,
    Omaha, Nebraska 68114-4893.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Pegg Noyes, Program Director
(402)393-2222.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics and self-help programs are offered. For more
information, see the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

0652.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   NEBRASKA, 8901 Indian Hills Drlve, Sulte 107,
   Omaha, Nebraska 681144093.

Program Title:
Octopuff In Kumquat.

Contact:

Ms. Arlene Weingart, Program Associate
(402)393-2222.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Octopuff In Kumquat pre-
school smoking education program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0653.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   NEBRASKA, 8901 lndlan Hills Drlve, Sulte 107,
   Omaha, Nebrqska 68114-4093.

Program Title:

Students Teach Students.

Contact:

Ms. Arlene Weingart, Program Associate
(402)393-2222.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Students Teach Students
program is offered to area schools. For more infarmation, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0654.  NEBRASKA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   301 Centennial Mall South, Post Offlce Box
   95007, Lincoln, Nebraska 68509-5007.

Program Title:

Health Departmlent Activities.

Contact:

Ms. Edye Wiebers, Program Coordinator
(402)471-2101.

Descrlptlon:

A tobacco education program has been developed that ex-
plores peer, family, and advertising pressures to smoke and
provides students with ways to say no. Field testing on 1,600
youngsters showed a positive effect on what students know
about tobacco and their attitudes toward using it. Workshops,
funded by a grant from the Nebraska Department of Health,
were held across the State in 1987 to present the program to
teachers.

Finally, in conjunction with the State Employee Wellness
Program located within the health department, the Risk
Reduction Program has been encouraging and assisting State
agencies and dlepartments in limiting or banning smoking in
their work areas.

0655.  UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA, LINCOLN,
    UNIVERSITY HEALTH CENTER, Community
   Health Department, 15th and U Streets, Room 12,
   Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0618.

Program Tttle:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

278


Contact:

Mr. Joseph Anderson, Jr., Program Coordinator
(402)472-7477.

Dascrlptlon:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' Breathe-Free Plan To Stop
Smoking is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part I,

NEVADA

0656.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEVADA
   DIVISION, INC., 1325 East Harmon, Las Vegas,
    Nevada 89119.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Al Levitt, Program Coordinator
(702)798-6877.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStan program is offered
at no cost. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0657.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NORTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, INC., 120 South Wells
    Avenue, Rena, Nevada 89502.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mrs. Dee Schafer-Kruper, Program Administrator
(702)329-0609.

Dsscrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
at no cost. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0656.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEVADA
   AFFILIATE, 3355 Sprlng Mountain Road, Suite
   23, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program Title:

Fourth Grade Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. R. Sky M&lain, Program and Communications Director
(702)367-6490.

Description:

This program is implemented in area grade schools. It
focuses on the dangers of tobacco use and the health risks
invotvad. It prepares the student to make informed decisions
on the use of tobacco products.

0659.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEVADA
   AFFILIATE, 3355 Spring Mountain Road, Suite
   23, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Ft. Sky McClain, Program and Communications Director
(702)367-6490.

Description:

The American Heart Association's employee wellness
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0660.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEVADA
   AFFILIATE, 3355 Spring Mountain Road, Suite
   23, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program ntle:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Mr. R. Sky M&lain, Program and Communications Director
(702)367-6490.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's information dissemination
program for health care providers is provided. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0661.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEVADA
   AFFILIATE, 3355 Spring Mountain Road, Suite
   23, Las Vegas, Newada 89102.

Program Title:

Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. R. Sky M&lain, Program1 and Communications Director
(702)367-6490.

Descrlptkm:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered to area schools. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

279


0662.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEVADA
   AFFILIATE, 3355 Sprlng Mountaln Road, Suite
   23, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program Title:
Treasure Chest.

Contact:

Mr. R. Sky M&lain, Program and Communications Director
(702)367-6490.

Description:

This program involves children in preschools and kindergar-
ten in an informational curriculum regarding the anatomy of
the heart and nutritional care needed for future years. This
hands-on program presents basic health concepts for children
through enjoyable small group and individual activities.

0663.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, 1135 Termlnal Way, Sulte
   105, Reno, Nevada 69502.

Program Title:
Fourth Grade Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Christy Jefferson, Division Director
(702)322-7064.

Description:

This program is implemented in area grade schools. lt
focuses on the dangers of tobacco use and the health risks
involved. It prepares the student to make informed decisions
on the use of tobacco products.

0664.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, 1135 Terminal Way, Suite
    105, Reno, Nevada 89502.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Christy Jefferson, Division Director
(702)322-7064.

Description:

The American Heart Association's employee wellness
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0665.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, 1135 Terminal Way, Suite
   105, Reno, Nevada 89502.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Ms. Christy Jefferson, Division Director
(702)322-7064.

Description:
The American Heart Association's information dissemination
program for health care providers is implemented. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0666.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, 1135 Terminal Way, Suite
    105, Reno, Nevada 89502.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Christy Jefferson, Division Director
(702)322-7064.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered to area schools. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0667.  AMERYCAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTHERN
    NEVADA DIVISION, 1135 Terminal Way, Sulte
    105, Reno, Nevada 89502.

Program Title:
Treasure Chest.

Contact:

Ms. Christy Jefferson, Division Director
(702)322-7064.

Descrlptlon:

This program involves children in preschools and kindergar-
ten in an informational curriculum regarding the anatomy of
the heart and nutritional care needed for future years. This
hands-on program presents basic health concepts for children
through enjoyable small group and individual activities.

0668.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN
    NEVADA DIVISION, 3355 Spring Mountain Road,
    Sulte 64, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program Title:

Fourth Grade Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Vicky Congdon, Division Director
(702)367-l 366.

Description:

This program is implemented in area grade schools. It
focuses on the dangers of tobacco use and the health risks
involved. It prepares the student to make informed decisions
on the use of tobacco products.

0669.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, 3355 Spring Mountain Road,
    Suite 64, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

280


Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Viiy Congdon, Division Director
(702)367-1366.

Description:

The American Heart Association's employee wellness
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0670.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN
    NEVADA DIVISION, 3355 Spring Mountaln Road,
   Suite 64, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Ms. Vicky Congdon, Division Director
(702)367-1366.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's information dissemination
program for health care providers is implemented. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0671.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, 3355 Sprlng Mountain Road,
   Suite 64, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program Title:

Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Vicky Congdon, Division Director
(702)367-1366.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered to area schools. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0672.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTHERN
   NEVADA DIVISION, 3355 Spring Mountain Road,
   Sutte 64, Las Vegas, Nevada 89102.

Program Mle:
Treasure Chest.

Contact:

Ms. Viiy Congdon, Division Director
(702)367-1366.

Descrlptlon:

This program involves children in preschools and kindergar-
ten in an informational curriculum regarding the anatomy of
the heart and nutritional care needed for future years. This
hands-on program presents basic health concepts for children
through enjoyable small group and individual activities.

0673.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEVADA,
    Post Office Box 7056, Reno, Nevada 89510.

Program lltle:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Jolene Stewart, Program Coordinator
(702)323-6864.

Descrlptlon:

Smoking cessation materials from the Freedom From Smok-
ing program are distributed. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0674.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NEVADA,
    Post Office Box 7056, Reno, Nevada 89510.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinic Leaders Training.

Contact:

Ms. Jolene Stewart, Program Coordinator
(702)323-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association encourages staff, volunteers,
and paid leaders to attend a workshop and use the manual to
train others. Once trained in an American Lung Association
workshop, a person can serve as the clinic coordinator,
responsible for organization, promotion, administration,
recruitment, selection, and training of clinic leaders. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0875.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NEVADA,
    Post Office Box 7056, Rena, Nevada 89510.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Jolene Stewart, Program Coordinator
(702)323-5864.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking and Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

281


0676.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW
   HAMPSHIRE DIVISION, INC., 886 Mast Road,
   Manchester, New Hampshire 03102.

Program Tftle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Margaret Murphy, Public Education Director
(603)669-3270.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0677.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEW
   HAMPSHIRE AFFILIATE, 309 Pine Street,
   Manchester, New Hampshire 03103.

Program ntle:
Smoking Education.

Contact:

Ms. Molly Mayo, Executive Director
(603)669-5833 or (800)442-l 600.

Descrlptlon:

Grants are awarded annually for eligible Heart Health Educa-
tion In The Young projects operated by schools, colleges, and
youth organizations. A free audiovisual loan library contains
films about the health and social hazards of smoking.
Literature published by the American Heart Association is
available free of charge. A volunteer speakers' bureau is also
maintained.

0678.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW
   HAMPSHIRE, 456 Beech Street, Post Office Box
   1014, Manchester, New Hampshire 03105.

Program Title:
Smoking Education Program.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Stevens, Program Coordinator
(603)669-2411.

Descrlptlon:

The program utilizes the American Lung Association's
Biofeedback Smoking Education Project. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0679.  STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, Bureau of
   Health promotlon, Health and Welfare Bullding,
   6 Hazen Drive, Concord, New Hampshlre 03301-
     6527.

Program Title:
Health Department Activities.

Contact:

Kay Zaso, R.N., M.P.A., Chief, Bureau of Health Promotion
(603)271-4551.

Description:

The Bureau of Health Promotion provides smoking prevention
education efforts in almost all of its heafth promotion program
initiatives. The Bureau oversees compliance with N.H. Law
RSA 155:45, an Act restricting smoking in enclosed public
places, and to this end, the Bureau distributes, upon request
to both the public and private sector, information packets con-
taining facts on the effects of smoking, secondhand smoke is-
sues, sample smoking policies, and guidelines for developing
policies. Workshops and keynote addresses dealing with
smoking and health are included in the annual Statewide
multiday, muftitrack health promotion conference.

The Bureau also serves as a clearinghouse for materials and
information on smoking issues and maintains a lending library
for print, audiovisual, and computer software materials for use
by health and human service professionals and educators
Statewide. In addition, it funds demonstration projects in the
State, including smoking cessation and prevention education
projects in the schools.

0680.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 120 Flndern
   Avenue, Bridgewater, New Jersey 08807.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Descrlptlon:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

Contact:                                0681.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, Post Offlce Box
Program Coordinator                       601, 2303 Woodbridge Avenue, Edison, New
(609)725-4664.                           Jersey ID881 8.

282


Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(201)985-9566.

Descrlptlon:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0682.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 110 East High
   Street, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Annette Hess, Executive Director
(609)881-6677.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0683.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 22 Mercer Street,
   Hackensack, New Jersey 07601.

Program Tltle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(201)343-2222.

Descrlptlon:

For more information about the American Cancer Society's
FreshStart program, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0664.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 410 Whlte Horse
   Plke, Heddon Helghts, New Jersey 06035.

Program Tltk:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(609)546-l 600.

Dewlption:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0665.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 1 Klngs Hlgh-
   way, Mlddletown, New Jersey 07748.

283

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Maureen Miner, Director of Health Education
(201)280-2323.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0686.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 120 Washlngton
   Street, Morristown, New Jersey 07960.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(201)538-5336.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0687.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 101 Shore Road,
   Northflelds, New Jersey 08225.

Program Tltle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(609)645-7272.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0688.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, Post Offlce Box
   116, Mount Holly,, New Jersey 08060.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara DiFrank, Program Director
(609)267-844-k

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0689.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 652 Whitehead
    Road, Trenton, New Jersey 08646.


Program Title:                       Program ntk
FreshStart.                                 FreshStart.

Contact:

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(609)394-5000.

Ms. Shirley Greene, Public Education Director
(201)297-8000.

Descrlptlon:

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0690.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, Orchard Road
   and Landls Avenue, Vlneland, New Jersey 08360.

0694.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW JERSEY
    DIVISION, INC., CN 2201, 2600 Route 1, North
    Brunswick, New Jersey 08902.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Program ntle:

School Education Programs.

Contact:

Ms. Joan McAllister, Program Coordinator
(609)692-1364.

Contact:

Ms. Shirley Greene, Public Education Director
(201)297-8006.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

Description:

0691.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, 4 Brown Avenue,
   Woodstown, New Jersey 08098.

An education kit is available to each school for the following:
preschool-Starting Free; kindergarten to grade 3- Early Start
To Good Health; grades 4 to 6 - Health Myself; grades 7 to 9
- Health Network. For more information, see the detailed
program descriptions in Part 1.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

0695.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW JERSEY
    DIVISION, INC., CN 2201, 2600 Route 1, North
    Brunswick, New Jersey 08902.

Contact:

Mr. Wiley Brannan, Program Coordinator
(609)299-2211.

Program ntle:
Why Quit Quiz.

Description:

Contact:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is avail-
able for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

Ms. Shirley Greene, Public Education Director
(201)297-8000.

Descrlptlon:

0692.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, MONMOUTH
    UNIT, 1540 Route 38, Suite 303, Wall, New Jersey
    07719.

The Why Ouit Quiz is a 1 -hour, one-session program led by a
physician or trained speaker who outlines the dynamics of
cigarette addiction and points out the dangers of smoking.
This self-pretest, film and discussion format fosters a fun,
interactive education program.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Maureen Miner, Director of Health Education
(201)280-2323.

0696.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEW
    JERSEY AFFILIATE, Post Off Ice Box 1900, North
    Brunswick, New Jersey 08902.

Description:

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

Contact:

Mr. Kevin Sorge, Vice President, Programs
(201)821-2610.

0693.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW JERSEY
   DIVISION, INC., CN 2201, 2600 Route 1, North
    Brunswick, New Jersey 08902.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work worksite
health promotion program is offered. The fee is $30 for the

284


Heart At Work kit. For more information, see the detaiJedr
program description in Part 1.

0697.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEW
   JERSEY AFFILIATE, Post Off Ice Box 1900, North
   Brunswick, New Jersey 08902.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Mr. Kevin Sorge, Vice President of Programs
(201)821-2610.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program for
health care providers is offered for $30. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0698.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEW
    JERSEY AFFILIATE, Post Office Box 1900, North
   Brunswick, New Jersey 08902.

Program Title:
Save A Sweetheart.

Contact:

Mr. Kevin Sorge, Vice President of Programs
(201)821-2610.

Description:

This program involves a series of activities to promote non-
smoking among students. For more information, see the
program description in Part 1.

0699.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEW
    JERSEY AFFILIATE, Post Office Box 1900, North
   Brunswick, New Jersey 08902.

Program ntle:

School-Based Cardiovascular Education Curricula.

Contact:

Mr. Kevin Sorge, Vice President, Programs
(201)821-2610.

Descrlptlon:

This in-school program is offered to students in grades 1
through 12. Special attention is given to the effects of smok-
ing on the cardiovascular system.

0700.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, 14-25 Plaza
    Road, Fair Lawn, New Jersey 07410.

Program TIM:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Jackie Quigley, Program Director
(201)791-6600.

Descrlptlon:

For more information about the American Lung Association's
Freedom From Smoking program, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0701.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 West Main
   Street, Mays Landing, New Jersey 08330.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days.

Contact:

Ms. Helen Dougherty, Program Director
(609)625-0101.

Descrlptlon:

This Freedom From Smoking self-help program, including
special seminars on asthma education, cardiac obstructive
pulmonary disease, and smoking and pregnancy, is offered.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Pan 1.

0702.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MID-NEW
   JERSEY, 29 Emmons Drlve, Post Office Box
   2006, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-2006.

Program ntle:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Karren Stanton-Newman, Program Consultant
(609)452-2112.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are available in the five-county area at a cost of $35.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0703.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW
   JERSEY, 1600 Route 22 East, Union, New Jersey
     07093.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Adelsheim, Program Director
(201)687-9340.

Descrlptlon:

This program, aimed at current smokers in the community and
the workplace, is offered at two clinics in each county each
year. For more information, see the detailed program descrip-
tion in Part 1.

0704.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW
  XIZEY, 1600 Route 22 East, Union, New Jersey
           .

285


Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Adelsheim, Program Director
(201)687-9340.

Description:

This is a self-help program assisted by a broad media and
public relations push. It is a lo-day stop smoking program
designed to help pregnant women quit on their own. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0705.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW
   JERSEY, 1600 Route 22 East, Unlon, New Jersey
    07083.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Adelsheim, Program Director
(201)687-9340.

Description:

The In Control videocassette smoking cessation program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0706.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW
   JERSEY, 1600 Route 22 East, Unlon, New Jersey
     07083.

Program Title:
Self-Help Materials.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Adelsheim, Program Director
(201)687-9340.

Descrlptlon:

Various self-help manuals and materials, such as Freedom
From Smoking In 20 Days and A Lifetime Of Freedom From
Smoking, are provided at minimal cost. Also, a new self-help
manual is available entitled, Freedom From Smoking For You
And Your Family. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0707.  ATLANTIC CITY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 35
   South Illlnols Avenue, Atlantic Clty, New Jersey
     08481.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia McGovern, Health Educator
(609)347-5676.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking

program is available without charge. Individualized education
and support are also provided. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0706.  ATLANTlC CITY MEDICAL CENTER, 1925 Paclflc
   Avenue, Atlantic Clty, New Jersey 08401.

Program Title::
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Jay A. Zimmer,rAssistant Vice President for Medical
Education
(609)441-8094.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
for $20. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0709.  BAYONNE HOSPITAL, 29 East 29th Street,
    Bayonne, New Jersey 07002.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Kathleen C. Wendowski, Assistant Administrator
(201)858-5287.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered for $30. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0710.  BAYSHORE COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, 727 North
   Beers Street, Holmdel, New Jersey 07733.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Janet Ho&up, Director, Consumer Education
(201)739-5919.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniquesto preventthe urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup ser-
vices are provided.

0711.  BERGEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   SERVICES, 327 Rldgewood Avenue, Paramus,
    New Jersey 07652-4895.

Program Title:
Learn Not To Smoke.

286


Contact:

Ms. Joyce Lisbin, Health Educator
(201)599-6110.

Descrlptlon:

Throughviewing the film, "Octopuff in Kumquat,"preschoolers
and primary school children are taught why smoking is not
healthy. Utilizing the film, "Kids on Smoking," and the filmstrip,
"Tobacco: The Followers Habit," elementary and junior high
students learn the hazards of cigarette smoking. Individual
decision making is emphasized. The health education
program is provided by the Bergen County Department of
Health Services in cooperation with local Boards of Health in
contracting communities.

0712.  BERGEN COUNTY DEPARTMENTOFHEALTH
   SERVICES, 327 Rldgewood Avenue, Paramus,
   New Jersey, 076524695.

Program Title:
Quit Smoking Program.

Contact:

Mr. Albert J. Ferrara, Jr., Coordinator
(201)599-6110.

Descrlptlon:

The Quit Smoking Program is based on behavior modification
and offers each participant individualized attention combined
with the structure and support of a group experience.
Smokers meet twice weekly for eight smoking-cessation ses-
sions. Participants focus on why they smoke, explore heal-
thier alternatives to their smoking dependency, and learn how
to cope with the urges to return to smoking. Stress reduction
and weight control while quitting are discussed. A film and
pamphlets also provide information. After 1 year, a followup
evaluation is conducted. The program is limited to 20
participants and a fee of $30 is charged.

0713.  BERGEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   SERVICES, 327 Rldgewood Avenue, Paramus,
   New Jersey, 076524695.

Program Title:
Secondhand Smoke.

COIltad:

Ms. Joyce Lisbin, Health Educator
(210)599-6110.

Descrlptlon:

Research, combined with publicpressure, has resulted in laws
to protect nonsmokers from the health hazards of secondhand
smoke. New health laws, their benefiis, and the facts about
secondhand smoke are discussed in this program for students
in grades 7 through 12 and adults.

0714.  BERGEN COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   SERVICES, 327 Rldgewood Avenue, Paramus,
   New Jersey 076524695.

Program Title:

Smoking: Why and How to Quit.

Contact:

Ms. Joyce Lisbin, Health Educator
(201)599-6110.

Descrlptlon:
An up-to-date film, featuring Frank Field, explores the facts
about smoking, followed by a discussion on quitting techni-
ques. This program is for students in grades 9 through 12 and
adults.

0715.  BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL, 70 Parker Avenue,
   Passaic, New Jersey 07055.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Mary O'Connor-Root, Director, Community Health
Services
(201)365-5220.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered for $35. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0716.  BETTER LIVING CENTER, Seventh-Day
   Adventlst Church, Route 202 and Tempe Wick
   Road, Morristown, New Jersey 07960.

Program Title:
Five Day Plan.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(201)539-2250.

Descrlptlon:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' Five Day Plan is offered for $50.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0717.  CAPE MAY COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, Crest Haven Complex on Parkway,
   Cape May Court HOIJSB, New Jersey 08210-3067.

Program Tttle:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Andrew W. Melchiorre, Senior Field Representative
(609)465-l 225.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered once or twice a year for the general public
using the Kick The Habit kit. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

287


0718.  CARRIER FOUNDATION, Belle Mead, New
   Jersey 08502.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Mr. William Dundon, Director, Educational Services
(201)874-4000.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate
cravings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0719.  CHEST AND LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY, 21 South Washlngton
   Street, Hammonton, New Jersey 08037.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(609)561-8700.

Descrlptlon:

Two free clinics are offered to all Gloucester County residents.
Each clinic consists of five sessions. Sessions focus on be-
havior modification, group reinforcement, and hypnosis.
Forthcoming clinics will be held at Gateway Regional High
School and Glassboro State College. The charge for these
workshops is $40.

0720.  CHILTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Pompton
    Plains, New Jersey 07444.

Program Title:

Smoke Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Sandra Gigante, Smoke Cessation Coordinator
(201)831-5070.

Descrlptlon:

A 7-week smoke cessation program is offered for $50. The
goal is a smoke-free environment within 2 years. This will be
a continuing program for as long as needed.

0721.  CHRISTHOSPITAL, 176 Palisade Avenue, Jersey
   Clty, New Jersey 07306.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(201)795-8030.

Dsscrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered for $55. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0722.  CITY OF LINDEN BOARD OF HEALTH, Clty Hall,
   Llnden, New Jersey 07036.

Program Title:
Smokeless Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Lorraine H. Kowalski, Health Educator
(210)352-5694 ext.51.

Descrlptlon:

This education program for teenagers is offered in all health
classes grades 6 through 12. The program uses audiovisual
materials including films, slides, articles, and reports to inform
students about the dangers of smokeless tobacco. The cur-
riculum covers the history and physiology of use, physical
reactions, and health hazards associated with use as well as
labeling and advertising restrictions on tobacco products.

0723.  CITY OF LINDEN BOARD OF HEALTH, Clty Hall,
    Llnden, New Jersey 07036.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Lorraine H.. Kowalski, Health Educator
(210)352-5694 ext.51.

Description:

Focusing on mothers in health clinics, this program includes
audiovisual presentations, counseling, and distribution of
materials,

0724.  CITY OF LINDEN BOARD OF HEALTH, City Hall,
    Linden, New Jersey 07036.

Program Title:
Smoking For Kids.

Contact:

Ms. Lorraine H. Kowalski, Health Educator
(210)352-5694 ext.51.

Description:

This program is offered to students in preschool through grade
3. Two films, handouts, stories, demonstration with Smokey
Sue, and discussion sessions inform children of health
hazards associated with smoking.

0725.  CITY OF PATERSON, DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN
   RESOURCES, Division of Health, 176 Broadway,
   Paterson, New Jersey 07505.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

288


Contact:

Ms. Jeanmarie Fasulo, Health Educator
(201)881-3987.

Descrlptlon:

This comprehensive four-session smoking cessation
program, adapted from the American Lung Association's
Freedom From Smoking program, is available to the general
public. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0726.  CITY OF TRENTON, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   AND HUMAN SERVICES, Division of Health,
   Trenton, New Jersey 08608.

Program ntd:

Little Lungs, No Smoking Please.

Contact:

Carol Ann Notte, R.N., B.S.N., Coordinator
(609)989-3263.

Descrlptlon:

The smoking cessation program is an 8-week behavior
modification program being offered at least eight times each
year to women of chikf-bearing age and fathers. Participants
learn the hazards of smoking and the effect that secondhand
smoke has on their children. The serious complications that
pregnant smokers face are also discussed in detail. Par-
ticipants become aware of their smoking behavior, what
stimuli encourage smoking, and what reward smokingcurrent-
ly offers them. They learn to substitute alternative behaviors
for smoking. A self-help version of the program is also
available to those who can not attend sessions.

0727.  CLARA MAAS MEDICAL CENTER, Communlty
    Health Resource Center, 1 Franklin Avenue,
   Bellevllle, New Jersey 07109.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Monique Davis, Health Educator
(201)450-2119.

Descrlptlon:

Scheduling information for the Ameriian Cancer Society's
FreshStart program is published in local newspapers prior to
the program start date. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0728.  CUMBERLAND COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, Room 200, 790 East Commerce Street,
   Brklgeton, New Jersey 06302.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Ann Cooney, Heafth Educator
(SOS)451 -8000 ext.374.

Description:

The health educator currently conducts cessation programs
for community groups, agencies, and local industry.

0729.  DELAWARE-RURITAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, 29
   Emmons Drlve, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-
     2006.

Program Title.:

Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Karren Stanton-Newman, Program Consultant
(609)452-2112.

Description:

Cessation programs are offered for $50, in conjunction with
other organizations and corporations.

0730.  EAST ORANGE GENERAL HOSPITAL, 300
    Central Avenue, East Orange, New Jersey 07019.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. T. Cahill, Vice President
(201)266-4413.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart cessation
program is offered. In addition, a program developed by one
of the hospital's addiction specialists will be offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0731.  FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   935 Hamllton Street, Somerset, New Jersey
     08873.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Through Hypnosis.

Contact:

A. Mayer, R.N., Program Coordinator
(201)873-2500 ext.250.

Description:

A l-hour, 4-week course on how to quit smoking through
hypnosis is offered for $25.

0732.  FREEHOLD AREA HOSPITAL, West Maln Street,
   Freehold, New Jersey 07728.

Program Title:
Smoke Enders.

Contact:

Ms. Maryann Murtha, Director, Wellness Center
(201)780-6050.

289


Descrlptlon:

The program is offered for $149.

0733.  FROST VALLEY YMCA, 298 Claremont Avenue,
    Montclair, New Jersey, 07642.

Program Title:

Wellness Resource Guide For Counselors At A Resident
Camp Setting.

Contact:
Project Director
(20 1)744-3488.

Descrlptlon:

A manual, designed to assist camp administrators, program
staff, and counselors in programming wellness activities for
campers, has been developed and `s available for distribution.
Also available are support materials induding a slide/cassette
introduction to wellness and an administrator's guide. The
material focuses on nutrition, physical fitness, stress manage-
ment, human relations, safety, and abuse of tobacco, alcohol,
and drugs.

0734.  GLOUCESTER COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, Carpenter Street and Allens Lane,
   Woodbury, New Jersey 08696.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Jennifer Austin, Health Educator
(609)853-3424.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0735.  GLOUCESTER COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, Carpenter Street and Allens Lane,
   Woodbury, New Jersey 08696.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Jennifer Austin, Health Educator
(609)853-3424.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. Fat, more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0736.  HACKENSACK HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 215
   State Street, Hackensack, New Jersey 07602.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator, Bergen County Unit
(201)343-2222.

Descrlptlon:

This American Cancer Society program is offered free to par-
ticipants and organizations that sponsor the program or for a
fee of $25 for the four group sessions. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0737.  HACKETTSTOWN COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, 651
   Willow Grpve Street, Hackettstown, New Jersey
     07840.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Program Coordinator, Community Education Department
(201)652-5100.

Descrlptlon:

This is a 5day plan for smoking cessation offered several
times a year for a fee of $50.

0738.  HAMILTON HOSPITAL, Whltehorse-Hamllton
    Square Road, Hamilton, New Jersey 08690.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Lucille A. Rosso, R.N., B.S.N., Health Educator
(609)586-7900 ext.6860.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered for $50. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0739.  HAZLETIABERDEEN HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    319 Middle Road, Hazlet, New Jersey 07730.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah K. Shields, Health Educator
(201)264-1700 or 747-7180.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
for $20. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0740.  HEALTH INSURANCE PLAN OF NEW JERSEY,
    165 Old Marlton Pike, Medford, New Jersey
     08055.

Program ntle:
Smoke No More.

290


Contact:

Ms. Jean E. Gorman, Coordinator, Health Education
(800)367-0248.

Description:

The program represents a positive approach to quitting
through habit replacement, group support, and other proven
methods.

0741.  HELENE FULD MEDICAL CENTER, 750
   Brunswick Avenue, Trenton, New Jersey 08638.

Program Title:

Little Lungs, No Smoking Please.

Contact:

Mrs. Susan Bell, Community Health Education
(609)394-6062.

Descrlptlon:

This 8-week program, designed by the American Lung
Association, is for individuals who are around small children.
It teaches methods on how to stop smoking gradually while in-
corporating nutrition, exercise, and relaxation into the
program.

0742.  HOBOKEN HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Health
   Center, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation And Information.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Mitten, Health Officer
(201)420-2365.

Description:

Individual counseling for smoking cessation is offered to stu-
dents and adults. Special lectures are available for pregnant
women.

0743.  HOLY NAME HOSPITAL, 718 Teaneck Road,
   Teaneck, New Jersey 07666.

Program Title:
Cigarrest.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah VandeVelde, Patient Education Coordinator
(201)833-3327.

Description:

This six-session program incorporates group support and be-
havior modification techniques. The sessions are led by a
trained facilitator and are offered free of charge.

0744.  HUNTERDON MEDICAL CENTER, Route 31,
   Flemington, New Jersey 08822.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Carolyn Swithers, Coordinator
(201)788-6158.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniquesto prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0746.  JERSEY SHORE WELLNESS CENTER, 2020
   Route 33, Neptune, New Jersey 07753.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Mr. Dennis Peloso or Ms. Cynthia Horvath, Membership
Coordinators
(201)776-4480.

Description:

Behavior modification, nicotine fading, substitutes for smok-
ing, weight control, and maintenance methods are used. The
program is offered for $150.

0746.  JOHN F. KENNEDY MEDICAL CENTER, Depart-
   ment of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, The
   Robert Wood Johnson, Jr. Llfestyle Institute,
   2050 Oak Tree Road, Edison, New Jersey 08817.

Program Tltle:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Nicholas Partenope, M.D., Director
(201)548-7055.

Descrlptlon:

The Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition com-
bines the latest scientific knowledge in behavior modification,
nutrition, motivation, individual counseling, patient education,
drugs, and hypnosis to design a personalized smoking cessa-
tion program. The cost of the program ranges from $180 to
$220.

0747.  MEMORIAL HOSPITAL OF BURLINGTON
   COUNTY, 175 Madison Avenue, Mount Holly,
    New Jersey 08060.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

James D. Brandt, M.D., Program Coordinator
(609)261-7035.

291


Description:                        Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered for $40. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0748.  MERCER MEDICAL CENTER, 446 Bellevue
   Avenue, Trenton, New Jersey 08607.

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

Program Title:

Nonsmoking Course.

0752.  NEW JERSEY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, CN
    360, Trenton, New Jersey 086250360.

Contact:

Mr. Roy Helfrick, Respiratory Therapist
(609)394-4000.

Program Title:

Health Department Activities.

Description:

Contact:

The Nonsmoking Course is offered, in conjunction with the
American Lung Association, for $40.

Ms. Janice Marshall, Program Coordinator
(609)588-7470.

Description:

0749.  MILLVILLE HOSPITAL, Hlgh Street and Harrlson
   Avenue, Mlllvllle, New Jersey 08332.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Janice Shumate, Coordinator
(609)825-3500 ext.202.

The Department of Health offers several activities related to
smoking education and cessation. Under a program entitled
Self-Help Quit Tips, department employees receive individual
consultations with a professional staff member and self-help
literature to take home. Followup services are available by
telephone. This is an ongoing program. The American Can-
cer Society's FreshStart program is also offered periodically
to employees. For more information on the FreshStart
program, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

Descrlptlon:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

0750.  MONTCLAIR YMCA, 25 Park Street, Montclair,
    New Jersey 07042.

Finally, in conjunction with the University of Medicine and Den-
tistry of New Jersey, program staff will participate in a com-
munity intervention research project. This project will develop
and test a community-based intervention protocol that can be
disseminated Nationwide to reduce smoking prevalence. The
Community Intervention Trial (COMMIT) design has eleven
pairs of communities matched in size, demographics, and
location. The objective of this project will be to demonstrate
and analyze the effectsof community-wide intervention efforts
to reduce cigarette smoking.

Program Title:
Green Seminar.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(201)783-8863.

In addition to these programs and projects, the department is
also compiling a directory of smoking cessation programs
sponsored by health maintenance organizations, hospitals,
and local health departments to use as a referral resource.

Description:

0753.  NEWCOMB MEDICAL CENTER, 65 South State
   Street, Vlneland, New Jersey 08360.

This hypnosis cessation program is offered for $30.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

0751.  MORRISTOWN MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 100
   Madison Avenue, Morristown, New Jersey07960.

292

Contact:

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Program Coordinator
(609)691-9000.

Contact:

Kathleen Baker, R.N., MS., Director, Health Education

Services
(201)540-5451.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.


0754.  NEWTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, DEPARTMENT
    OF EDUCATION, 175 High Street, Newton, New
    Jersey 07860.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Rosamond Dee Lockwood, R.N., Director, Health Education
(201)383-2121.

Description:

The education department has sponsored the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking program for several
years. The program is conducted twice each year, in the
spring and fall. The program is advertised in the local
newspaper, on local radio, and by flyers to industry. Lifestyle
films that focus on stress management, nutrition, and weight
control are incorporated into the program. For more informa-
tion, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0755.  NORTHWEST LUNG ASSOCIATION, 300 Main
    Street, Orange, New Jersey 07050.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(201)791-6600.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered for $50. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0756.  OCEAN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Sunset Avenue, CN 2191, Toms River, New
    Jersey 08754.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Lora Resignato, R.N., Hypertension Program Coordinator
(201)341-9700.

Descrlptlon:

The focus of the program is survival techniques. It prepares
the participant to identify why and how he or she smokes and
to become aware of how to quit before he or she actually quits.
The program provides participants with techniques that will
enable them to become smoke-free. The fee is $25.

0757.  OVERLOOK HOSPITAL, 99 Beauvolr Avenue at
   Sylvan Road, Summlt, New Jersey 07901.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Connie Frank, R.N., M.A., Coordinator, Department of Health
Education
(201)522-2836.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques toprevent the urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cesation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0758.  PASCACK VALLEY HOSPITAL, 150 Red Hook
    Road, Westwood, New Jersey 07675.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Mr. John Frey, Director of Planning and Marketing
(201)358-3180.

Description:

Smoking cessation programs are scheduled at a cost of $30
per participant.

0759.  PASSAIC DIVISION OF HEALTH, 330 Passaic
    Street, Passaic, New Jersey 07050.

Program Title:
Give Yourself Life!

Contact:

Charlene Stokamer, M.P.H., Health Educator
(201)365-5618.

Description:

The program runs for 5 weeks with an ongoing support group
that continues for a year.

0760.  RIVERVIEW MEDICAL CENTER, One Riverview
    Plaza, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Marian Wattenbarger, Health Educator
(201)530-2417.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

293


0761.  RIVERVIEW MEDICAL CENTER, One Rlvervlew
    Plaza, Red Bank, New Jersey 07701.

Program Title:

Smoking: The Big Decision.

Contact:

Ms. Marian Wattenbarger, Health Educator
(201)530-2417.

Description:

A presentation for preadolescents and adolescents concern-
ing the decision to smoke and the financial, social, and health
costs of smoking. The presentation can be tailored to the time
and needs of the school or group and can also cover
secondhand smoke and smokeless tobacco.

0762.   ROBERT WOOD JOHNSON UNIVERSITY
   HOSPITAL, Robert Wood Johnson Place, New
   Brunswick, New Jersey 08901.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Rudders, Respiratory Therapy Department
(201)937-8681.

Descrlptlon:

The Freedom from Smoking clinics are sponsored by Robert
Wood Johnson University Hospital and the American Lung
Association of Mid-New Jersey several times a year. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0763.  ROCKAWAY TOWNSHIP DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, 65 Mt. Hope Road, Rockaway, New
   Jersey 07866.

Program Title:

Many Ways To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Miriam Zaid, M.P.H., Health Educator
(201)627-7200 ext.347.

Description:

Many Ways to Stop Smoking offers three programs to the
Township's municipal employees and residents. These
programs are: 1) Do It Yourself: one-to-one counseling;
2) Stop Smoking Clinic: six evening sessions over a period of
4 weeks; and 3) Staying Off: clinics and counseling for ex-
smokers.

0764.  RUTGERS COMMUNITY HEALTH PLAN, Prin-
   ceton Health Center, 4250 U.S. Highway #1,
   North, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey 08852.

Program Title:
Wellness Works Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Leslee Oliu, Administrative Supervisor
(201)329-6626.

Descrlptlon:

The smoking cessation program developed through Wellness
Works at RCHP guides participants through the stages of be-
coming a nonsmoker. After discussing and preparing for pos-
sible withdrawal effects, participants will set a quit date to stop
smoking, and explore gffective strategies to cope with crav-
ings during this period. Instruction on stress management and
weight control is offered. The RCHP became a smoke-free
work environment in blovember 1987. As part of its wellness
services, the organization provides information and assis-
tance to other organizations that are interested in instituting
such a policy.

0765.  SAINT BARNABAS MEDICAL CENTER, Old
   Short Hills Road, Llvlngston, New Jersey 07039.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Mr. Richard Hallinan, Director of Training
(201)533-5154.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and folbwup
services are provided.

0766.  SAINT CLARE'S HOSPITAL, Pocono Road,
   Denvilie, New Jersey 07834.

Program Title:
Feelin' Good.

Contact:

Program Coordinator, Community Relations Department
(201)625-6000.

Description:

This smoking cessation workshop is offered for $30.

0767.   SAINT JOSEPH'S HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL
    CENTER, 703 Main Street, Paterson, New Jersey
     07503..

Program Title:
Wellness Works!

Contact:

Jennifer J. Jackson, MS., Wellness Coordinator
(201)779-2511.

294


Description:

The smoking cessation class is a 6-hour intensive course that
concentrates on behavior modification and a wellness life-
style. Development of an individualized plan, nutrition, and
physical fitness information are stressed.

0766.  SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTtST CHURCH, South
   Evergreen and Barber Avenues, Woodbury, New
    Jersey 08996.

Program Title:
Five Day Plan.

Contact:

Ms. Pearl Haas, Coordinator of Health Council
(609)881-6677

Desorlptlon:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' Five Day Plan is offered for $40.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Pan 1.

0769.  SHORE MEMORIAL HOSPITAL WELLNESS
   PROGRAM, Somers Point, New Jersey 08244.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator, Wellness Department
(609)653-4500.

Desorlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
for $25. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0770.  SOUTHERN OCEAN COUNTY HOSPITAL, 140
   West Bay Avenue, Manahawkln, New Jersey
     08050.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Wilbx, Community Education Coordinator
(609)597-6011 ext.205 or 209.

Desorlptton:

The American Lung Assocation's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered for $35. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

077-l.  THE MEDICAL CENTER OF OCEAN COUNTY,
   2121 Edgewater Place, Polnt Pleasant, New
   Jersey 08742.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Gunnell, Health Education Department Assistant
(201)892-l 100 ext.2825.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cesation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0772.  THE MEDICAL CENTER OF OCEAN COUNTY,
   2121 Edgewater Place, Point Pleasant, New
   Jersey 08742.

Program Title:
Smoking Or Health.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Gunnell, Health Education Department Assistant
(201)892-l 100 ext.2825.

Descrlptlon:

A stop-smoking lecture is given to adult organizations, at
which time the common rationalizations that smokers fre-
quently use are discussed. The smoking or health segment
deals with the changes that take place in the respiratory sys-
tem of the smoker as well as potential dangers to the lungs,
heart, and brain.

0773.  THE MEDICAL CENTER OF OCEAN COUNTY,
   2121 Edgewater Place, Point Pleasant, New
    Jersey 08742.

Program Title:

The Choice is Yours.

Contact:

Ms. Kathy Gunnell, Health Education Department Assistant
(201)892-l 100 ext.2825.

Descrlptlon:

The Choice is Yours is a 20-minute presentation given to
preadolescents and adolescents concerning decisions they
will be making in the near future. Smoking and its hazards are
discussed at this time.

0774.  THE RESPIRATORY HEALTH ASSOCIATION, 55
    Paramus Road, Paramus, New Jersey 07652.

Program lltte:

g;t;;fiyEducation And Cessation For The School

Contact:

Ms. Martha Lizza, Health Educator
(201)84S-4111.


Description:

Presentations to promote nonsmoking incorporate ap-
propriate strategies for various age levels. Programs include
films, games, and demonstrations in flexible sessions for 30
to 100 students. Specific approaches for different grades in-
clude, for grades 4 through 6 - presenting the "Why People
Smoke" film, Smoker's Roulette, and The Billboard Smoking
Machine; for grades 7 and 8 - incorporating the "Second Hand
Smoke" film, role playing regarding exposure to passive
smoke and peer pressure to smoke, and emphasis on fitness
and athletics in relation to smoking; and for all ages, using
professional athletes when possible as speakers.

0775.  TOWNSHIP OF MIDDLETOWN, DEPARTMENT
   OF HEALTH, Johnson-G111 Annex, 1 King's
   Highway, Mlddletown, New Jersey 07748-2594.

Program Title:

Smoking and Health Information.

Contact:

Ms. Kathryn S. Meier, Heath Educator
(201)615-2000.

Descrlptlon:

The Middletown Township Department of Health acts as a
clearinghouse for information on local smoking cessation
programs and on programs that discourage youth from
developing the habit.

0776.  TOWNSHIP OF PARSIPPANY-TROY HILLS
   HEAL TH DEPARTMENT, 1001 Parslppany
   Boulevard, Parslppany, New Jersey 07054.

Program Tltle:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Mr. Max Schubert, Health Officer
(201)263-7160.

Descrlptlon:

A 6-week smoking cessation program was held in the
Township of Parsippany-Troy Hills for municipal employees.
Approximately 23 employees participated; each was given a
copy of the American Lung Association's manual, Freedom
From Smoking In 20 Days. Weekly sessions were held during
working hours, and guest speakers from the American Lung
Association and from St. Clare's Mental Health Hospital spoke
to participants regarding the hazards of smoking. Also, the fol-
lowing films were shown: "Death in the West," "Smoking:
How to Stop," and "Why Quit Quiz." For more information on
thesefilmsand the American Lung Association programs, see
the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

0777.  TOWNSHIP OF SOUTH ORANGE VILLAGE,
   BOARD OF HEALTH, Village Hall, South Orange,
   New Jersey 07079.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Kathleen DeHay, Health Officer
(201)762-6000.

Descrlptlon:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is being
offered to the general public upon request. For more informa-
tion, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0778.  UNDERWOOD MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Broad
   and Red Bank Avenues, Woodbury, New Jersey
    08096.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Domenica Grant, Staff Development Coordinator
(609)845-0100 ext.2905

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered for $35. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0779.  UNION HOSPITAL, 1000 Galloping Hill Road,
   Union, New Jersey 07083.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Kay Ford, R.N., B.A., C.D.E., Patient Education Specialist
(201)687-1900 ext.3134.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0780.  VETERAN'S ADMINISTRATION MEDICAL CEN-
   TER, Lyons, New Jersey 07939.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Zeke Mayberry, Ph.D., Program Director, Outpatient Section
(201)647-0180 ext. 44488.

Description:

The program is a 6-week session held during working hours
at no cost to participants. The program is conducted on an
as-needed basis according to the number of registrants.

0781.  WALLKILL VALLEY HOSPITAL AND HEALTH
   CENTERS, 20 Walnut Street, Sussex, New Jersey
    07461.


Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Eileen Katz, Community Health Coordinator
(201)875-4121.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
as needed at the Health Center in Franklin. For more infor-
mation, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0782.  WARREN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING AGENCY, 151 West
   Washington Avenue, Washington, New Jersey
     07882.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contsot:

Donna Rue, R.N., M.P.H., Health Educator
(201)689-6000.

Desorlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
group support program is offered to Warren County residents
as requested. Several self-help programs are also available
including In Control. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0783.  WARREN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING AGENCY, 151 West
   Washington Avenue, Washington, New Jersey
     07882.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Donna Rue, R.N., M.P.H., Health Educator
(201)689-6000.

Desorlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to Warren County residents as requested. Several self-help
programs are also offered including the I Quit Kit. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0784.  WARREN COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING AGENCY, 151 West
Wak&ington Avenue, Washlngton, New Jersey
           .

Program Title:
Is There A Safe Tobacco?

Contact:

Donna Rue, R.N., M.P.H., Health Educator
(201)689-6000.

Descrlptlon:

The program informs participants of the health risks of tobac-
co use in its various forms and examines the pressures to
smoke both from peers and the tobacco industry. Handouts,
resources, and referrals for cessation of tobacco use are
provided.

0785.  WARREN HOSPITAL, 185 Roseberry Street,
    Philtlpsburg, New Jersey 08865.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia A. Mathews, Coordinator
(201)859-6777.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cesation booklets and followup ser-
vices are provided.

0786.  WAYNE TOWNSHIP HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   475 Valley Road, Wayne, New Jersey 07470.

Program ntle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Denise A. DePalma, Health Educator
(201)694-1800 ext.242.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is of-
fered. A month afterthe completion of FreshStart, a refresher
class is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0787.  WEST HUDSON HOSPITAL, 206 Bergen Avenue,
   Kearny, New Jersey 07032.

Program Tit te:

SCRAP Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Jean Devlin, R.N., M.S., Employee and Community Health
Coordinator
(201)955-7077.

Description:

SCRAP Stop Smoking is sponsored by the American Heart
Association. tt is an &week behavior modification program
with followup for 1 year.

0788.  WEST JERSEY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT AND
   NUTRITION SERVICES, GARDEN STATE COM-
    MUNITY MEDICAL CENTER, One Brick Road,
    Suite 304, Marlton, New Jersey 08053.

297


Program Title:

Stop Smoking Without Weight Gain.

Contact:

Mary Lou Bialon, M.S., R.D., General Manager
(609)596-3397.

Desorlptlon:

This is a new approach to the problem of stopping smoking.
Smokers are believed to be inherently motivated to quit smok-
ing. Providing solutions to the problems that make people re-
start smoking is the key to stopping smoking. This approach
is called Restart Prevention because it addresses the
problems that cause people to restart. Restart Prevention has
four components:  weight control, withdrawal symptom
control, habit control, and stress control.

0789.  WOMEN'S HEALTH CONNECTION OF KIMBALL
   MEDICAL CENTER, 19 West County Llne Road,
    Jackson, New Jersey 08527.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:
SharynCartnick,R.N., B.S.N.andDeborahCox,R.N.,B.S.N.,
Community Health Education Coordinators
(609)370-9667 and 370-7466.

Deecrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0790.  ZURBRUGG MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, Rancocas
   Valley Dlvlslon, Sunset Road, Wllllngboro, New
   Jersey 08046.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Reba Scharf, R.N., Program Coordinator
(609)835-2900 ext.21 18.

Descrlptlon:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Centerfor Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

NEWMEXCO

0791.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NEW
   MEXICO AFFILIATE, 629 Truman, N.E.,
   Albuquerque, New Mexico 87110.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Holly Mueller, Program Coordinator
(505)268-3711.

Description:

The Heart At Work program is arranged at worksites in the
community. American Heart Association literature on smok-
ing cessation is available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0792.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW
   MEXICO, 216 Truman, N.E., Albuquerque, New
    Mexico 67108.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Beverly Besedick, Program Director
(505)265-0732.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0793.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW
   MEXICO, 216 Truman, N.E., Albuquerque, New
     Mexico 87108.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Beverly Besedick, Program Director
(505)265-0732.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help series is offered free of charge. For more informa-
tion, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0794.  NEW MEXICO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
   DEPARTMENT, DONA ANA PUBLIC HEALTH OF-
   FICE, 530 North Church Street, Las Cruces, New
    Mexico 88001.

298


Program Title:
Great American Smokeout.

Contact:

Jean Jewell, R.N., Adult Health Nurse
(505)526-6617.

Description:

The Public Health Department, in conjunction with the local
American Cancer Society, collaborates with interested local
worksites, groups, and agencies to promote a day-long quit
smoking campaign each November. Written materials are
distributed at a mall and on the local university campus, Con-
tests are conducted among worksites to determine the
percentage of smokers who quit for aaay.

0795.   NEW MEXICO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
    DEPARTMENT, DONA ANA PUBLIC HEALTH
    OFFICE, 530 North Church Street, Las Cruces,
    New Mexico, 88001.

Program Title:

Group Smoking Cessation Clinics.

Contact:

Jean Jewell, R.N., Aduft Health Nurse
(505)526-6617.

Descrlptlon:

Smoking cessation clinics are offered four times a year at the
health department and at other sites, as requested. The
American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is used. In
addition, other supplemental materials are utilized focusing on
the habit of smoking, physical factors, stress, weight control,
seff-esteem, and developing a healthier lifestyle. Followup is
coordinated through the Health Services Division Smoking
Prevention Program. For more information on FreshStart, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0796.   NEW MEXICO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
    DEPARTMENT, DONA ANA PUBLIC HEALTH
    OFFICE, 530 North Church Street, Las Cruces,
    New Mexico 88001.

Program Title:
Health Education And Promotion.

Contact:

Jean Jewell, R.N., Adult Health Nurse
(505)526-6617.

Descrlptlon:

Presentations to community groups, institutions, worksites,
schools, service organizations, and individuals are provided
on demand. These sessions range from 30 minutes to 2 hours
in length. The focus is tobacco products and their effects on
the human body. Also, the advertising approach of the tobac-
co industry is explored. The purpose of the presentation is to
provide education and enlist support to help achieve a smoke-
free environment.

0797.   NEW MEXICO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
    DEPARTMENT, DONA ANA PUBLIC HEALTH
    OFFICE, 530 North Church Street, Las Cruces,
     New Mexico 88001.

Program Title:
Self-Help Kits.

Contact:

Jean Jewell, R.N., Adult Health Nurse
(505)526-6617.

Descrlptlon:

Upon request, a packet of self-help material, entitled Self-Help
Kit - No Smoking is distributed to smokers who want to quit
and to various physicians' offices. The packet contains a
questionnaire, tips on quitting, 24-hour craving record, list of
smoking cessation clinics, and other pamphlets.

0798.  NEW MEXICO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
    DEPARTMENT, DONA ANA PUBLIC HEALTH
    OFFICE, 530 North Church Street, Las Cruces,
     New Mexico 88001.

Program Title:
Smoke-Free Environment.

Contact:

Jean Jewell, R.N., Adult Health Nurse
(505)526-6617.

Descrlptlon:

Upon request, assistance is provided in drawing up a formal,
written smoking policy that emphasizes nonsmoking as the
norm for worksites, public buildings, and other locations. En-
forcement, posting of signs, assistance for smokers who want
to quit, designated areas, air purification, initial planning, and
surveys of communication are among the topics discussed.

0799.  NEW MEXICO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
    DEPARTMENT, DONA ANA PUBLIC HEALTH
    OFFICE, 530 North Church Street, Las Cruces,
     New Mexico 88001.

Program Title:

Worksite Facilitator Training.

Contact:

Jean Jewell, R.N., Adult Health Nurse
(505)526-6617.

Descrlptlon:

Training sessions are conducted on worksites to prepare par-
ticipants to lead smoking cessation groups. Each session
consists of a 4-hour mock group role playing, and instruction
in using audiovisual materials, variouscommercially produced
written materials, lecture, and discussion. Participants should
lead a group within 6 months. Continuing education units are
provided for nurses.

299


0800.   NEW MEXICO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
    DEPARTMENT, HOBBS HEALTH OFFICE, 316
    West Scharbauer, Hobbs, New Mexico 88248.

Program Title:
Cancer Screening.

(505)392-1041.

Description:
The Cancer Screening program targets high-risk persons in
southeastern New Mexico for individual counseling and refer-
ral to smoking cessation programs. Also, information on

Contact:

Lorna Graben, R.N., Family Nurse Practitioner

smoking is presented to students in grades 11 and 12 and at
worksites.

NEWYORK

0801.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, LONG ISLAND
    DIVISION, INC., 145 Pldgeon Hill Road,
    Huntlngton Station, New York 11746-4585.

Church. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

0804.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY
    DIVISION, INC., Harlem Unit, 656 West 18lst
    Street, New York, New York 10033.

Contract:

Ellyn Troisi, M.P.H., Public Education Director
(516)385-9100 ext.31 6.                    Program Title:
                                      FreshStart.

Descrlptlon:

Contact:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

Mr. Louis Perez, Program Administrator
(212)928-8800.

Description:

0802.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY
    DIV!SION, INC., Brooklyn Area, 185 Montague
    Street, Brooklyn, New York 11201.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered at Harlem Hospital. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

0805.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY
    DIVISION, INC., Manhattan Unit, 19 West 56th
    Street, New York, New York 10019.

Contact:

Mr. Lou Hoyos, Program Coordinator
(718)237-7850.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Description:

Contact:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

Ms. June Walzer, Coordinator
(212)586-8700.

Description:

0803.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY
   DIVISION, INC., Staten Island Unit, 58 New Dorp
    Plaza, Staten Island, New York 10306.

The American Cancer Society offers the FreshStart smoking
cessation clinic at various locations within Manhattan. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

0806.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY
    DIVISION, INC., Bronx Unit, 656 West 181st
   Street, New York, New York 10033.

Contact:

Ms. Joy Speziale, Program Coordinator
(718)987-8871.

Program ntle:
FreshStart.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered at Doctors Hospital and Christ Lutheran

Contact:
Stop Smoking Coo*   %ator
(212)928-8800.

300


Description:

The American Cancer Society offers the FreshStart smoking
cessation clinic at various locations in the Bronx. For more in-
formation, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0807.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY
    DIVISION, INC., 19 West 56th Street, New York,
     New York 10019.

Program Title:

Stop Smoking Programs.

Contact:

Ms. June Walzer, Coordinator
(212)566-8700.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society offers a group stop smoking
program at area hospitals and YMCAs. The program is
conducted 2 afternoons a week for $25 to $35.

0898.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, WESTCHESTER
    DIVISION, INC., 30 Glenn Street, White Plains,
     New York 10603.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Monica Garrigan, Director, Public Education
(914)949-4600.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered to the public and to private organizations.
There is a small commitment fee refundable to participants
who attend all four classes. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0899.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, FINGER
    LAKES REGION, INC., 1595 Elmwood Avenue,
    Rochester, New York 14620.

Program ntle:
Chain Groups.

Contact:

Mr. Jack Stiggins, Program Coordinator
(716)442-4260.

Descrlptlon:

Smokers and recovered smokers band together to help each
other achieve their goals to be free from smoking. No fees are
required.

0810.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, FINGER
   LAKES REGION, INC., 1595 Elmwood Avenue,
    Rochester, New York 14620.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Recovery Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Jack Stiggins, Program Coordinator
(716)442-4260.

Description:

With assistance from qualified, recovered smokers, par-
ticipants take the necessary steps to become nonsmokers.
Group support makes stopping easier. Clinic sessions in-
clude education as to the nature of the smoking addiction,
recovery techniques, medical consultants, and feelings
shared with others. Clinics are offered year round and in
different locations.

0811.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, FINGER
    LAKES REGION, INC., 1595 Elmwood Avenue,
    Rochester, New York 14620.

Program Title:
Freedom Line.

Contact:

Mr. Jack Stiggins, Program Coordinator
(716)442-4260.

Description:

Produced in association with the University of Rochester, this
recorded nonsmoking message, available 24 hours a day,
may be utilized as a daily maintenance tool or to fight the crav-
ing to smoke. For additional help or information, counselors
are available.

0812.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, FINGER
    LAKES REGION, INC., 1595 Elmwood Avenue,
    Rochester, New York 14620.

Program Title:
Pot Shots.

Contact:

Mr. Jack Stiggins, Program Coordinator
(716)442-4260.

Descrlptlon:

Pot Shots is aimed at educating 12- to 18-year-old youths. A
rock group will play at school or community dances as role
models demonstrating that one can rock and roll without being
high. During the performance a continuous slide show called
Pot Shots flashes with minicommercials that state smoking is
harmful, that you can have fun without dope, and describe how
to avoid letting your lungs go to pot. Don't Let Your Lungs Go
To Pot buttons are distributed and marijuana fact sheets are
available.

0813.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, FINGER
    LAKES REGION, INC., 1595 Elmwood Avenue,
    Rochester, New York 14620.

301


Program Title:
Relapse Workshops.

Contact:

Mr. Jack Stiggins, Program Coordinator
(716)442-4260.

Descrlptlon:

Meetings are held periodically to help prevent smokers from
returning to smoking. Counselors aid participants in coping
with their smoking addiction by exploring the dynamics of
relapse, how to avoid and recover from relapse, and the
benefits of being a nonsmoker.

0814.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, FINGER
    LAKES REGION, INC., 1595 Elmwood Avenue,
    Rochester, New York 14620.

Program Title:
Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Mr. Jack Stiggins, Program Coordinator
(716)442-4260.

Description:

A self-help manual provides smokers with a 20day plan to
conquer smoking addiction 1 day at a time, and a second
manual helps smokers to stay off cigarettes.

0815.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF BROOK-
    LYN, 165 Cadman Plaza East, Brooklyn, New
     York 11201.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Khadijah Odeh, Program Manager
(718)624-8531.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

0816.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF BROOK-
    LYN, 165 Cadman Plaza East, Brooklyn, New
     York 11201.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. Khadijah Odeh, Program Manager
(718)624-8531.

Description:
This Freedom From Smoking Clinic, offered to businesses, is
the standardized program offered by the American Lung As-
sociation Nationwide. The cost is $40 for each participant.

For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0817.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF CENTRAL
   NEW YORK, INC., 2013 East Genesee Street, Post
   Offlce Box 6499, Syracuse, New York 13217.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Susan S. Flewelling, Director of Smoking Cessation
Programs
(315)422-6142 .

Description:

The American Lung Association's established cessation
program is offered. A fee of $50 is charged to all participants
in order to cover material costs and facilitator's salary. Al-
though the program is offered predominantly in Onondaga
County, it is also held in Cortland, Jefferson, Lewis, St.
Lawrence, and Tompkins Counties. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0818.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MID-NEW
   YORK, INC., 23 South Street, Utica, New York
    13501.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Martha S. Cline, Program Director
(315)735-9225.

Descrlptlon:

The Freedom From Smoking program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0819.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MID-NEW
   YORK, INC., 147 Henry Street, Oneonta, New
     York 13820.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking By Radio.

Contact:

Ms. Martha K. Hoff man, Program Associate
(607)432-8934.

Description:

This program is based on the self-help manuals for smoking
cessation developed by the American Lung Assc-iation:
Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and 4 Lifetime Of
Freedom From Smoking. Twenty segments, 5 minutes each,
are aired several times a day, Monday through Friday for 4
weeks. Promotional scripts are used leading up to the 20
days, and six followup scripts are to be aired after the 20 days.
The broadcast is supported by print media ads and distribu-
tion of the self-help manuals through the mail and pick-up
locations.

302


0820.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF MID-NEW
    YORK, INC., 23 South Street, Utica, New York
     13501.

Program me:

Smoking And You: Does It Compute?

Contact:

Ms. Martha S. Cline, Program Director
(315)735-9225.

Descrlptlon:

This educational computer program helps teach children in
grade 3 smoking and health terms, immediate and long-term
effects of smoking, common perceptions and attitudes about
smoking, and responses to peer pressure about smoking.
The floppy disk is accompanied by a teacher's manual.

0821.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF MID-NEW
    YORK, INC., 50 Prospect Avenue, Gloversville,
     New York 12078.

Program Title:
Tobacco Education.

Contact:

Ms. Valerie R. Bochenek, Program Associate
(518)773-8998.

Descrlptlon:

A monthly program is held for clients of Women, Infants, and
Children's (WIC) Programs of Fulton County, New York. The
purpose is to educate WIC clients about the health effects of
smoking and to offer them support in smoking cessation. In-
itially, a training session for WIC staff will be held. Each
month, programs with WIC clients at each center begin.
Movies, speakers, group discussions, and one-on-one coun-
seling are used.

0822.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NASSAU/
   SUFFOLK, 210 Marcus Boulevard, Hauppauge,
     New York 11788.

Program Title:

Cigarette Breakaway Hypnosis Program.

Contact:

Ms. Madelon Goldberg, Program Coordinator
(516)231-LUNG.

Description:

This special one-session seminar, which lasts for 2-112 hours,
combines the most successful cessation methods: hypnosis,
short-term coping techniques, long-term lifestyle modifiia-
tions, relaxation techniques, sharing experiences, and a main-
tenance program.

0823.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NASSAU/
   SUFFOLK, 210 Marcus Boulevard, Hauppauge,
    New York 11788.

Program me:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Madelon Goldberg, Program Coordinator
(516)231-LUNG.

Description:

The program is presented in the form of two self-help manuals:
Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A Lifetime Of
Freedom From Smoking. Other formats available include:
Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family and
Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby. For more
information, see the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

0824.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NASSAU/
    SUFFOLK, 210 Marcus Boulevard, Hauppauge,
     New York 11788.

Program Title:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Madelon Goldberg, Program Coordinator
(516)231-LUNG.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1,

0825.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NASSAU/
    SUFFOLK, 210 Marcus Boulevard, Hauppauge,
     New York 11788.

Program Title:

Stop Smoking Workshop.

Contact:

Ms. Madelon Goldberg, Program Coordinator
(516)231-LUNG.

Description:

This program, presented in cooperation with area hospitals,
libraries, and worksites, is based on the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking clinic program. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0828.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClAlION OF NEW YORK
    STATE, 8 Mountain Vlew Avenue, Albany, New
     York 12205.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Tim LaPier, Smoking or Health Specialist
(518)459-4197.

303


Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0827.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK
    STATE, 8 Mountain View Avenue, Albany, New
     York 12205.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Tim LaPier, Smoking or Health Specialist
(518)459-4197.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are available to the general public at a cost of $45. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0828.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATfON OF NEW YORK
   STATE, 8 Mountain View Avenue, Albany, New
     York 12205.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Mr. Tim LaPier, Smoking or Health Specialist
(518)459-4197.

Description:

This self-help program is presented in the form of two
manuals. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0829.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF QUEENS,
    112-25 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York
     11375.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Esther Friedman, MS., Coordinator, Smoking or Health
Programs
(718)263-5656.

Description:

The Freedom From Smoking clinics are offered. The cost is
$40 for each participant. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0830.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF QUEENS,
    112-25 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York
     11375.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Esther Friedman, M.S., Coordinator, Smoking or Health
Programs
(718)263-5656.

Description:

The two Freedom From Smoking (FFS) self-help manuals,
FFS In 20 Days and A Lifetime of FFS, are available to par-
ticipants at a cost of $7 each. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0831.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF QUEENS,
    112-25 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York
     11375.

Program Title:

Growing Healthy In New York City.

Contact:

Esther Friedman, M.S., Coordinator, Smoking or Health
Programs
(718)263-5656.

Description:

The Growing Healthy program is part of a revised comprehen-
sive health curriculum for students in kindergarten through
grade 6. Each grade covers a different subject or system.
Smoking is covered in most grade levels with the greatest
concentration in grades 3 to 6.

0832.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF QUEENS,
    112-25 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York
     11375.

Program Title:

Hugh McCabe: The Coach's Final Lesson.

Contact:

Esther Friedman, M.S., Coordinator, Smoking or Health
Programs
(718)263-5656.

Description:

This American Lung Association film is offered to area schools
and adult audiences. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0833.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF QUEENS,
    112-25 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York
     11375.

Program Title:

Information Distribution Program.

Contact:

Esther Friedman, M.S., Coordinator, Smoking or Health
Programs
(718)263-5656.

Description:
General information is distributed about smoking. Films,

304


literature, posters, stickers, and buttons are available.
Information is targeted at children, teens, and adults.

0834.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF QUEENS,
   112-25 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York
    11375.

Program Tltle:

Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Esther Friedman, MS., Coordinator, Smoking or Health
Programs
(718)263-5656.

Descrlptlon:

Marijuana: A Second Look is an educational program in-
tended to influence children not to smoke marijuana. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0835.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF QUEENS,
   112-25 Queens Boulevard, Forest Hills, New York
     11375.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Esther Friedman, MS., Coordinator, Smoking or Health
Programs
(718)263-5656.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. The complete program cost is $7. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0836.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
   NEW YORK, 766 Elllcott Street, Buffalo, New
    York 14203.

Program Title:
Answer Back.

Contact:

Ms. Constance M. Schweitzer, Director of School Health
(716)886-4655.

Descrlptlon:

Junior and senior high school students are trained to be peer
counselors within their schools. The curriculum includes
physiology of the respiratory system, how to say no, under-
standing the media's influence in the area of cigarette adver-
tising, and the opportunity for role playing typical adolescent
situations. A kick-off assembly is offered along with peer
counselor training, educational materials are distributed to all
teachers and students. An answer Backfundraiser offsets the
cost of the program.

0837.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN
   NEW YORK, 766 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New
     York 14203.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Jenna Cain, Coordinator
(716)886-4655.

Description:

The Freedom From Smoking clinics are offered to the com-
munity through adult education programs, hospitals, and
YMCAs. The fee for the program is $50. For more informa-
tion, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0838.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
   NEW YORK, 766 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New
     York 14203.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In The Workplace.

Contact:

Mr. Marty Kirchner, Program Coordinator
(716)886-4655.

Description:

This program is a comprehensive approach to the problems
of cigarette smoking in the work environment. Association
staff work with the company to develop a program tailored to
the company's needs. The program components consist of
policy development, employee awareness and education, and
in-house cessation programs. There is afeeforthis program.

0839.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WESTERN
   NEW YORK, 766 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, New
     York 14203.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Manuals.

Contact:

Barbara R. Edelman, R.N., Coordinator
(716)886-4655.

Description:

A self-help approach to quitting smoking is presented in two
manuals that are available to the general communh for a fee.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0840.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATfON OF WESTERN
   NEW YORK, 766 Elllcott Street, Buffalo, New
    York 14203.

Program Title:

Second Hand Smoke And Rights Of The Nonsmoker.

305


Contact:

Barbara R. Edelman, R.N., Coordinator
(716)886-4655.

Descrlptlon:

In an effort to increase the knowledge of nonsmokers about
the hazards of secondhand smoke, this organization has in-
itiated a public education campaign and provides support for
the New York Clean Air Act and any other pertinent county or
State bills. Nonsmoking individuals troubled by secondhand
smoke are given support, and related literature is distributed.

0841.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
    NEW YORK, 766 Elllcott Street, Buffalo, New
     York 14203.

Program Title:

Superspeller Smoking Prevention Program.

Contact:

Ms. Nanci M. Stickevers, School Health Program Coordinator
(716)886-4655.

Descrlptlon:

Prevention programs are available for elementary school
children, concentrating on the second to sixth grade levels.
The program has four phases including information about
smoking, marijuana, and smokeless tobacco and demonstra-
tion of a carboximeter. A variety of films and literature are
used for the assembly, with additional literature available for
parents.

0842.  BROOME COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, One
   Wall Street, Binghamton, New York 13901.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Carol Ferrell, Ph.D., Director, Employee Wellness Program
(607)772-2855.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program isoffered to Broome County employees, although the
course is open to all Broome County residents. The Employee
Wellness Program is able to subsidize the cost of the course
through grant funds for cardiovascular risk reduction. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0843.  CHINATOWN HEALTH CLINIC, 89 Baxter Street,
   New York, New York 10013.

Program ntle:
Community Education Program.

Contact:

Cynthia M. Chong, M.D., Medical Director
(212)732-9545.

Descrlptlon:

Information regarding cigarette smoking is integrated into all
aspects of primary care to ameliorate the risk associated with
cardiovascular, pulmonary, and peripheral vascular diseases,
intrauterine growth retardation, peptic ulcer disease, chronic
active hepatitis, and hepatoma. In addition to patient counsel-
ing, community efforts include Chinese language radio broad-
casts and newspaper articles and presentations to community
agencies.

0844.  CLINTON COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   Post Ofilce Box 769, Plattsburgh, New York
     12901.

Program Title:

Community Based Smoking Prevention And Cessation.

Contact:

Mr. John V. Andrus, Director of Public Health
(518)565-3250.

Descrlptlon:

This program includes prevention and cessation programs,
clinical programs for pregnant women, and comprehensive
local coalition activities.

0845.  COMMUNITY GENERAL HOSPITAL, HEALTH
    EDUCATION DEPARTMENT, Broad Road,
    Syracuse, New York 13215.

Program ntle:
Quit Smoking Program.

Contact:

Ms. Helen R. Barrett, Director, Health Education
(315)492-5152.

Deecrlption:

The smoking cessation program consists of eight sessions,
usually held on Mondays and Wednesdays from 4:00 p.m. to
5:30 p.m. This program is taught by registered nurses and a
physician. Topics include analysis of smoking behavior,
physiology of addiction, health implications, stress
management, exercise, and weight control.

0846.  CROUSE-IRVING MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 736
    Irving Avenue, Syracuse, New York 13210.

Program Title:
Breathing Basics.

Contact:

Ms. Lisa Lambiase-Stolakis, Wellness Manager, Health
Promotion Services
(315)470-7573.

Descrlptlon:

Breathing Basics is an educational tool that teachers can use
with students in grades 4 to 6 to reinforce the students' cur-
rent knowledge of the respiratory system. The goal of the

306


program is to give students a better understandii;gb~~~~t~~ir
respiratory system functions and of hazards of smoking. This
in turn will help them make informed decisions regarding
smoking. Breathing Basics includes preprogram materials for
each student, a 30-minute videotape, and a teacher's manual
with suggested followup activities designed to reinforce
learning.

0847.  CROUSE-IRVING MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 736
   frving Avenue, Syracuse, New York 13210,

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Lisa Lambiase-Stolakis, Wellness Manager, Health
Promotion Services
(315)470-7573.

Deecrlption:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, muftifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0848.  ERIE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Rath
    Building, Room 833, 95 Franklin Street, Buffalo,
     New York 14202.

Program Title:

Community Education Program.

Contact:

Dr. Eugene Sillman, Medical Director
(716)846-7714.

Description:

The department of health developed a media campaign in-
volving local businesses, food wholesalers, and supermarket
chains. The campaign focuses on school children in grades 4
to 6. The department also developed a 27-piece exhibit, 14-
page pamphlet, and seff-administered quiz on the health ef-
fects of tobacco use. An automatic slide presentation is in
operation at the department 8 hours a day and is available for
use at other public off ices and schools. The department ac-
tively disseminates information on cigarette smoking,
cessation programs, and a fact sheet on smokeless tobacco.

0949.  ERIE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Rath
   Buildlng, Room 833,95 Franklin Street, Buffalo,
     New York 14202.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Dr. Eugene Sillman, Medical Director
(716)846-7714.

Descrlptlon:

The department of health offers a smoking cessation clinic for
employees in conjunction with the American Lung Associa-
tion. They also work with the American Cancer Society to
conduct smoking cessation clinics for the general public.

0858.  GASP (GROUP AGAINST SMOKING POLLU-
   TION) OF NEW YORK, 7 Maxine Avenue,
    Plainvlew, New York 11803.

Program Title:
Smoking And Your Health.

Contact:
Ms. Rhoda Nichter, President
(516)938-0080.

Description:

Since October 1979, this series of 30-minute public affairs
radio programs has been broadcast every Tuesday at 4:30
p.m. and repeated every Sunday at 4:00 p.m. on WHPC-FM
(90.3). The program is hosted by the president of GASP of
New York. It is an educational program designed to explore
the smoking problem as it relates to the lives of both smokers
and nonsmokers. The series includes interviews with doctors,
dentists, legislators, smokers, ex-smokers, nonsmokers,
nutritionists, a fire marshal, students, teachers, and a laryn-
gectomy, plus a series of programs specifically on smoking
cessation. Subjects covered in the programs broadcast to
date include the rights of nonsmokers, smoking cessation,
youth and smoking, women and smoking, government and
smoking, and sex and smoking. Listeners are invited to write
to GASP for further information. This program continues to
update listeners with information on current legislation
(proposed and passed) and new findings regarding the
hazards of tobacco smoke to smokers and nonsmokers of all
ages.

0851.  GASP (GROUP AGAINST SMOKING POLLU-
   TION) OF NEW YORK, 7 Maxine Avenue,
    Plalnvlew, New York 11893.

Program Title:
Smoking Prevention.

Contact:

Ms. Rhoda Nichter, President
(516)938-0080.

Deecrlptlon:

Junior high or senior high school students are trained to work
in teams to develop suitable presentations for grades 4,5, and
6. The older students try to influence the younger students not
to start smoking or to quit if they have already started and to
educate nonsmoking students as to the hazards of
secondhand smoke and their right to clean indoor air. Junior
and senior high school students attend 6 to 10 training ses-
sions that help them to plan and conduct the program and to
organize other activities that may be appropriate for ac-
complishing the program objectives. Subjects covered in the
students' presentations include why young people start to

307


smoke; the physical effects of smoking; why smokers continue
to smoke; how to quit smoking: howthe nonsmoker is affected
by secondhand smoke; laws, ordinances, and school rules
restricting smoking; and the economics of smoking. Students
may also develop and present programs for their peers in the
secondary schools.

0852.  THE LEONARD HOSPITAL, 74 New Turnpike
   Road, Troy, New York 12182.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Gail Hanlon, Director of Staff Development
(518)235-0310 ext.289.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0853.  LONGWOOD HIGH SCHOOL, Longwood Road,
    Middle Island, New York 11953.

Program Title:

Longwood Action On Alcohol/Drug Abuse, Smoking And
Health.

Contact:

Mr. Francis P. Massey, Director
(516)345-2158.

Descrlptlon:

This program of ten 40-minute sessions is aimed at high
school students. Sessions cover identifying oneself as a
smoker, the physiological aspects of smoking, regaining
decision-making skills, and alternatives to alcohol and drug
abuse. Students are encouraged to adopt a new lifestyle by
breaking free from smoking and to exercise control over their
physical fitness. In addition, the program has been extended
to students in grade 5 with Team Force, specially trained high
school students teaching elementary students to choose not
to smoke. This program is partially sponsored by the American
Lung Association.

0854.  MADISON COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   County Office Building, Wampsville, New York
     13163.

Program Title:

Community Based Smoking Prevention And Cessation.

Contact:

Agatha Slater, R.N., Director, Public Health Nurses
(315)366-2369.

Description:

This program includes prevention and cessation programs,

clinical programs for pregnant women, and comprehensive
local coalition activities.

0855.  MADISON COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
   SERVICE, Post Office Box B, Morrlsville, New
     York 13488.

Program Title:

Smoking Prevention And Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Maureen N. Fox, Program Coordinator
(315)684-7133.

Description:

Programs are aimed at college-age through middle-aged
women, especially pregnant women and women with children,
and also at children in grades 4 through 6. The American Can-
cer Society and American Lung Association smoking cessa-
tion clinics are offered in addition to educational programs in
schools and health clinics throughout the County.

0856.  MATERNITY, INFANT CARE, FAMILY PLANNING
    PROJECTS, MEDICAL AND HEALTH RE-
   SEARCH ASSOCIATION OF NEW YORK CITY,
   INC., 225 Broadway, New York, New York 10007.

Program Title:

A Smoke-Free Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Jean Tyler, Director, Health Education
(212)287-0900.

Description:

This program aims to improve pregnancy outcomes by reduc-
ing smoking among the Maternity, Infant Care, Family Plan-
ning Project prenatal population. The program works toward
thisgoal in thefollowing ways: 1) establishing strong attitudes
for nonsmoking among staff; 2) providing a smoke-free clinic
environment; 3) educating patients on effects of smoking
during pregnancy; and 4) providing interested patients with as-
sistance in quitting or significantly reducing their smoking
during and after pregnancy.

0857.  NEW YORK LUNG ASSOCIATION, 432 Park
    Avenue South, New York, New York 10016.

Program Title:
A Clean Act!

Contact:

Ms. Carole Snyder, Program Director
(212)889-3370.

Description:

A Clean Act! is a comprehensive lung health and smoking
prevention curriculum developed by the New Yolk Lung AS-
sociation for use in grades 1 through 12. The units emphasize
activities that demonstrate the impact of cigarettes on critical
body functions, as well as the development of skills to deal
with pressure to smoke. The curricula were designed so that

308


teachers, with minimal training, can conduct the un.i&. To
facilitate the implementation, a teacher's fact `&ee? &I$
guidelines are provided. Each unit also contains a list of learn-
ing objectives and materials needed to conduct the lesson.
Guidance is provided to ensure effectiveness in fostering
expected cognitive and behavioral learning outcomes.

0858.  NEW YORK LUNG ASSOCIATION, 432 Park
    Avenue South, New York, New York 10016.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Mr. Steve Rifkind, Manager, Smoking Education Programs
(212)889-3370.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered. This program can be conducted
in either the classroom or auditorium. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0859.  NEW YORK LUNG ASSOCIATION, 432 Park
    Avenue South, New York, New York 10016.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Mr. Steve Rifkind, Manager, Smoking Education Programs
(212)889-3370.

Description:

A structured smoking cessation program on videocassette
and a two-volume self-help manual are available to individuals
who prefer to quit smoking on their own. Freedom From
Smoking For You And Your Family, a 20day step-by-step
program, emphasizing behavior modification exercises is also
available. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0860.  NEW YORK LUNG ASSOCIATION, 432 Park
    Avenue South, New York, New York 10016.

Program Title:
Kick-The-Habit Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. Steve Rifkind, Manager, Smoking Education Programs
(212)889-3370.

Description:

The six-session clinic is founded upon peer support and be-
havior modification techniques. Participants determine the
reasons and situations or moods that trigger an urge to smoke.
A trained facilitator helps participants develop a plan of action
and specific coping strategies to maintain a smoke-free life-
style. Diet, weight control, stress management, and other
topics of special interest to participants are described.

Continued peer support to graduates of the program is
available through monthly meetings of a Smoke-Free Club.

0861.  NEW YORK LUNG ASSOCIATION, 432 Park
    Avenue South, New York, New York 10016.

Program Title:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Mr. Steve Rifkind, Manager, Smoking Education Programs
(212)889-3370.

Description:

Marijuana: A Second Look is an educational program in-
tended to influence children not to smoke marijuana. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

0862.  NEW YORK LUNG ASSOCIATION, 432 Park
   Avenue South, New York, New York 10016.

Program Title:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:
Mr. Steve Rifkind, Manager, Smoking Education Programs
(212)889-3370.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is available. Freedom From Smoking For You And
Your Baby, a 1 O-day quit smoking program, is also available.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0863.  NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER,
    COOPERATIVE CARE CENTER, 530 First
    Avenue, New York, New York 10016.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Eileen DiFrisco, R.N., M.A., Coordinator, Outpatient
Education
(212)340-7007.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

0864.  ONONDAGA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   421 Montgomery Street, Post Office Box 1325,
   Syracuse, New York 13201.

309


Program Mie:

Community Health Nursing.

Contact:

Ms. Rose DeJoseph, Director of Maternal and Chifd Health
Services
(315)425-3294.

Description:

Patient and family education includes a discussion of the
harmful effects of smoking to the mother, fetus, and newborn.
in homes where there is a newborn, the mother and family are
cautioned against having the infant in a smoke-filled room.
Adults are encouraged not to smoke in the home. informa-
tional pamphlets are available and referral to community
smoking cessation programs is provided. Pubiii heaith nur-
ses discuss smoking and health with parents of young children
attending the weilchifd clinics.

0855.  OHONDAGA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   421 Montgomery Street, Post Office Box 1325,
    Syracuse, New York 13201.

Program Title:
Patient Education.

Contact:

Mr. Mim Seidel, Coordinator
(315)425-3304.

Description:

Within the Women, infants, and Children program, patients
who smoke are informed of the health risks associated with
smoking. informational pamphlets and brochures are made
available and information about communfty smoking cessa-
tion programs is provided.

0866.  ONONDAGA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   421 Montgomery Street, Post Office Box 1325,
   Syracuse, New York 13201.

Program Title:

Prevention Of Low Birthweight Program.

Contact:

Cara Steiner, P.H.N., Coordinator
(315)425-2000.

Description:

Women who enter prenatal care through satellite clinics are
educated in ways to prevent low birthweight, including
avoidance of alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Patients who
smoke receive at least one lo- to 15-minute educational ses-
sion provided by a health educator. This session includes in-
formation on health risks associated with smoking, individual
smoking risk assessment, tips on how to quit smoking, and
referral to community resources for smoking cessation. The
health educator utilizes a film, flip-charts, and pamphlets in the
one-to-one patient education session.

0667.  RENSSELAERVILLE INSTITUTE, Rensseiaer-
   viiie, New York 12147.

Program Title:

Planned Approach To Community Health (P.A.T.C.H.).

Contact:

Dr. Patrfda Hanson, Health Projects Director
(5 18)797-3783.

Description:

Ongoing comprehensive smoking cessation is offered four
times yearly. The program is targeted at rural adult smokers.
The American Lung Association and American Cancer
Society formats are both used.

0866.  ROCKLAND COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, The Dr. Robert L. Yeager Heaith Cen-
    ter, Pomona, New York 10970.

Program Mb:

Biofeedback Smoking Educatfon Program.

Contad:

Ms. Sandra King, Senior Public Health Educator
(914)354-0200 ext.2500.

Description:

This program, based on the American Lung Association's
Biofeedback Smoking Education Project, is offered to area
schools. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

0869.  SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL, Port Washington
    Boulevard, Rosiyn, New York 11576.

Program Mb:
I Quit Club.

Contact:

Ms. Rhoda Nichter, Course Director, and Ms. Lynn Walsh,
Coordinator
(516)938-0080 and 6276200 ext.1 508.

Description:

The I Quit Club offers reinforcement and support to alumni of
the St. Francis Hospital Stop-Smoking Clinics via monthly
meetings. Alumni receive a mailed notice of the meeting,
which usually includes pertinent newspaper or magazine ar-
ticles to reinforce staying abstinent. The I Quit Club also helps
anyone who resumed smoking to make a new commitment to
quit without going through another clinic.

0870.  SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL, Port Washington
   Boulevard, Rosiyn, New York 11576.

Program Title:

Stop Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Rhoda Nichter, Course Director, and Ms. Lynn Walsh,
Coordinator
(516)938X1680 and 627-6200 ext.1 508.

310


Descrlptlon:

Smokers who want to quit are invited to a free e-hour orienta-
tion meeting of the Stop Smoking Clinic. This not-for-profit
clinic, established for more than 12 years, has an 85- to 1 OO-
percent success rate during the course of the program. A
recent survey indicated a 74.8 percent success rate after 1
year. The clinic provides seven sessions including 5 consecu-
tive days for around-the-clock reinforcement during initial
withdrawal, and monthly meetings for support after the initial
intensive program to provide continuity and to help ensure
long-term success. A pulmonary function test, films, talks by
health professionals, personal assistance, and special
attention to weight control are included in the program.

0871.  SAINT FRANCIS HOSPITAL, Port Washington
    Boulevard, Rosiyn, New York 11576.

Program Title:
Worksite Stop-Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Rhoda Nichter, Course Director, and Ms. Lynn Walsh,
Coordinator

(516)938-0080 and 627-6200 ext.1508.

Description:

St. Francis Hospital conducts its highly successful Stop
Smoking Clinic at corporate worksites during lunch or after
work. The clinic provides seven sessions including 5 con-
secutive days for round-theclock reinforcement during initial
withdrawal, monthly meetings for support after initial intensive
program, on-site pulmonary function screening test, group
sessions, films, special attention to weight control, behavior
modification, and personal assistance. Benefits of a smoke-
free workplace to the employer include reduced costs due to
decreases in absenteeism, fire risk, air conditioning costs, in-
surance premiums and payouts, accidents, maintenance and
housekeeping costs, and time wasting. The employer
provides a minimum of 10 participants and a meeting room.

0872.  SAINT LAWRENCE COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH
    NURSING SERVICE, Post Office Box 5157,
    Potsdam, New York 13676.

Program Title:

SMART - Self-Monitoring Modules For Awareness Of Risk-
Reduction Techniques.

Contad:

Susanne Osterberg, R.N., Program Coordinator
(315)265-3730.

Desoriptton:

Ongoing programs include special modules on smoking,
weight control, stress reduction, and diet. Role models such
as school teachers and health care administrators in rural
upstate communities serve as teachers. Evaluation includes
attendance, knowledge, testing, and followup.

0873.  SAINT MARY'S HOSPITAL, 427 Guy Park
   Avenue, Amsterdam, New York 12010.

Program Title:
Smokeless,

Contact:

Sister Rita Jean DuBrey, Certified Instructor, Wellness
Institute
(518)842-l 900.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and fotlowup
services are provided.

0874.  SCHUYLER COUNTY HOME HEALTH AGENCY,
    105 Ninth Street, Watkins Glen, New York 14891.

Program Title:

Community Based Smoking Prevention And Cessation.

Contact:

Cherie Trabert, R.N., MS., Director of Patient Services
(607)535-2704.

Description:

This program includes prevention and cessation programs,
clinical programs for pregnant women, and comprehensive
local coalition activities.

0875.   SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST COMMUNITY
    HEALTH SERVICES, Post Office Box 1029,
    Manhasset, New York 11030.

Program Title:
Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Juanita Kretschmar, Director
(516)627-2210.

Description:

Both the Five-Day Plan and ks successor, the Breathe-Free
Plan To Stop Smoking, are available. For more information
on the Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0876.  STOP SMOKING CENTER OF ROCHESTER, INC.,
   Mt. Hope Professional Building, 1351 ML Hope
    Avenue, Suite 102, Rochester, New York 14620.

Program Mb:

Cigarette Dependency Treatment.

Contact:

Mr. Anthony R. Klein, Executive Director
(716)442-2489.

Description:

Aftercompleting a screening and pretherapy visit designed to
increase the smoker's awareness of personal smoking

311


behaviors a 5-day detoxification treatment begins withdrawal
from the chemical influence of cigarettes. The therapy in-
cludes an intense psychoeducational program developed to
elevate motivation and help the smoker adapt to replacement
behaviors. The educational process includes counseling by
a psychologist and medical testing under the direction of a pul-
monary physician. A 12-month maintenance followup, con-
ducted by a psychologist, is a major part of the methodology
to provide additional reinforcement and support to promote
continued abstinence.

8877.   SUFFOLK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   SERVICES, 225 Rabro Drive East, Hauppauge,
     New York 11788.

Program Tttle:
Today's Smoke.

Contact:

Mr. David Bekofsky, Director and Ms. Nancy Koehler,
Program Coordinator

(516)348-2708 and 348-2844

Description:

The department has developed a smoking prevention
program, offered to students in grades 5 and 6 throughout the
County. The program includes three lesson plans taught by
classroom teachers and one biofeedback lesson taught by
staff of the Office of Health Education and Public Information.

To increase the students' awareness of the immediate
physiological effects of smoking, a smoker is recruited and
tested in the classroom before and after smoking for com-
parisons on carbon monoxide level, pulse rate, blood pres-
sure, skin temperature, and hand tremors. Objectives of the
program also include increasing students' awareness of the
reasons why people decide whether or not to smoke, promot-
ing the development of nonsmoking behavior and attitudes
among young children, and helping students recognize
advertising propaganda.

0878.  TOMPKlNS COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, 101 Dates
    Drive, Ithaca, New York 14850-l 383.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Alma S. Coats, Program Coordinator
(607)274-4421.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed bythe National Centerfor Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

NORTH CAROLINA

0878.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NORTH
   CAROLINA DIVISION, INC., 11 South Boylan
    Avenue, Suite 221, Raleigh, North Carolina
     2761 l-7624.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Betsy Mitchell, Director of Public Education
(919)834-8463.

Descrlptlon:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

0888.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, NORTH
    CAROLINA DIVISION, INC., 11 South Boylan
   Avenue, Suite 221, Raleigh, North Carolina
    2761 l-7624.

Program Title:
Taking Control.

Contact:

Ms. Betsy Mitchell, Director of Public Education
(919)834-8463.

Description:

This program is c:omposed of two series: Young Adults and
Teens, and Adults. The Young Adults and Teens program
casts a science-fiction eye backwards in time to explain how
individual responsibilities and choices in the 1980s came to
take control. W explains the basic steps to good health that
may help reduce cancer risk.

The purpose of Taking Control for Adults is to provide an in-
troduction to a healthy, enjoyable lifestyle that reduces one's
risk of developing cancer. The program gives an overview of
five protective fac:tors against cancer and five preventive fac-
tors as well. There are slides, videos, flip charts, and other
materials available.

0881.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    CAROLINA AFFILIATE, 300 Silver Cedar Court,
    Post Offlce Box 2636, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
     27514.

312


Program Title:
Calling it Quits.

Contact:

Mr. Pat Mitchell, Director of Programs
(919)968-4453.

Description:

This self-help smoking cessation packet contains two book-
lets, How To Quit and The Good Life. A slid&ape presenta-
tion is also available. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

developed to teach heart heaith to students in grades 4
through 6. Each packet contains materials for six students.

0882.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    CAROLINA AFFILIATE, 300 Silver Cedar Court,
    Post Office Box 2636, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
     27514.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Pat Mitchell, Director of Programs
(919)968-4453.

Desorlptton:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered to area schools. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0883.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    CAROLINA AFFILIATE, 300 Silver Cedar Court,
    Post Office Box 2636, Chapel Hifl, North Carolina
     27514.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Mr. Pat Mitchell, Director of Programs
(919)968-4453.

Desorlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is offered
to area health care providers. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0864.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    CAROLINA AFFILIATE, 300 Sliver Cedar Court,
   Post Offloe Box 2636, Chapel HIII,North Carolina
    27514.

program Title:
Heartbeat Journal Packet.

Contad:

Mr. Pat Mitchell, Director of Programs
(919)968-4453.

Deeorlption:

This heart health education newspaper series has been

0885.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    CAROLINA AFFILIATE, 300 Silver Cedar Court,
    Post Office Box 2636, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
     27514.

Program MM.:
In Control.

Contact:

Mr. Pat Mitchell, Director of Programs
(919)968-4453.

Description:

The home video, developed by the American Lung Associa-
tion, is available for use with the Heart Rx program or any
worksite cessation program. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

0886.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    CAROLINA AFFILIATE, 300 Silver Cedar Court,
    Post Office Box 2636, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
     27514.

Program Title:

Putting Your Heart Into The Curriculum.

Contact:

Mr. Pat Mitchell, Director of Programs
(919)968-4453.

Description:

This program is a resource package of educational materials
and activities for students in kindergarten through high school.
The three modules were developed to address risk factor
areas and designed for integration into an existing school
health educator program.

0887.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    CAROLINA AFFILIATE, 300 Sliver Cedar Court,
    Post Office Box 2636, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
     27514.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. Pat Mitchell, Director of Programs
(919)968-4453.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered to area schools. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0888.  ANSON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Post
   Office Box 473, Wadesboro, North Carollna
     28170.

313


Program Title:

Dangers 01 Smokeless Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Fannie Ingram, Health Educator
(704)694-5188.

Description:

A brief lecture is presented to senior citizens participating in
the nutritional mealsite programs. The presentation em-
phasizes the health hazards of smokeless tobacco and its ef-
fects on the body. Mr. Gross Mouth, a model of teeth, tongue,
and oral cavity that accurately shows the effects of the dead-
ly habit, will be on display. Pamphlets and brochures on the
subject of smokeless tobacco are distributed. The par-
ticipants are able to recognize the health hazards resulting
from the use of smokeless tobacco, describe the chewing and
dipping procedure, and identify the danger signs of cancer of
the mouth.

Program Title:
Drug And Alcohol Education.

0888.  DURHAM COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   HEALTH EDUCATlON DIVISION, 414 East Main
   Street, Durham, North Carolina 27701.

Program Mle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Kathleen Ft. Heise, M.P.H., Health Promotion Coordinator
(919)688-9375.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
designed to help participants stop smoking by providing them
with all of the essential information and strategies needed to
direct their own efforts at stopping. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1,

0980.  GUILFORD COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF PUBUC
   HEALTH, 391 North Eugene Street, Post Offlce
   Box 3508, Greensboro, North Carollna 27401.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Tracy Enright, Program Director
(919)373-3568.

Description:

Smoking cessation programs are offered to county employees
using the American Lung Association's Freedom From Smok-
ing clinic format, self-help manuals, or video programs. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

0991.  HAYWOOD COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   2216 Asheville Road, Waynesvllle, North
    Carollna 28786.

Contact:

Lynne C. Ward, Fi.H.Ed., Health Educator
(704)452-6675.

Descrlptlon:

Information on smokeless tobacco and cigarettes is included
in this program that is regularly offered to grades 4 through 8.
The program includes a basic review of drug classifications
and effects, laws, and decision making skills. Many
audiovisual aids are, used, including flipcharts on drug clas-
sifications, drug placebo display, and graphic pictures of oral
and lung cancer caused by smoking and smokeless tobacco.

0992.  HAYWOOD COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   2216 Asheville Road, Waynesvllle, North
    Carolina 28786.

Program Title:
Drug And Drug Abuse Update.

Contact:

Lynne C. Ward, R.H.Ed., Health Educator
(704)452-6675.

Description:

This program, which includes information on smokeless
tobacco and cigarettes, is offered regularly to high school stu-
dents and also to adults. The program is designed to refresh
students' memory on drug classifications and the effects and
health risks of drug use. Emphasis is placed on new informa-
tion about existing drugs, and new drugs and their effects are
described. Special emphasis is placed on recognizing the
signs that may indicate addiction and what may be done to ob-
tain help. Audiovisual aids are used and take-home materials
are supplied.

0993.  IREDELL COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Post
   Offlce Box 1268, Statesvllle, North Carolina
     28677.

Program Title:
Drugs, Alcohol, And Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Paula G. Troutman, Health Educator
(704)843-7291.

Descrlptlon:

The portion of the Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco program deal-
ing with tobacco comprises two l-hour sessions.  The
program is available to County employees, local industry, and
other groups. The objective of the program is to increase
awareness of the short- and long-term effects of smoking on
the individual and significant others. It is a general program,
taught lecture style with transparencies, discussing why
people smoke, financial costs of smoking, smokeless tobac-
co, and secondhand smoke. Participants receive printed

314


educational materials and a reference list of area smoking
cessation programs.

0994.  NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN
    RESOURCES, DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES,
    Post Office Box 2091, Raleigh, North Carollna
     27602-2091.

Program ntle:

Preconceptional Health.

Contact:

Ms. Margie Rose, Head, Family Planning Branch
(919)733-4871.

Description:

This is a heafth promotion program focusing on young women
attending Family Planning clinics. The purpose is to identify
risks before pregnancy occurs. Women who smoke are coun-
seled and referred to smoking cessation programs in the
community.

0995.  NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN
    RESOURCES, DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES,
   Post Office Box 2091, Raleigh, North Carolina
     27602-2091.

Program Title:
Prenatal Care Program.

Contact:

Dr. James Rhyne, Head, Maternal and Child Health Branch
(919)733-7791.

Description:

In the Prenatal Care Program, pregnant women who smoke
are counseled on the risk they are taking and encouraged to
reduce or quit smoking. Women who decide to quit smoking
are referred to smoking cessation programs that are available
in the community.

0996.  NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN
    RESOURCES, DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES,
    Post Office Box 2091, Raleigh, North Carolina
     27602-2091.

Program Title:
Chronic Diseases.

Contact:

Mr. Amin Khalil, Head, Heakh Education Branch
(919)x33-7081.

Deacrlptlon:

In the Chronic Diseases Program, counseling and information
on the riiks of smoking and tobacco use are provided to
smokers who seekchronic disease screening services as well
as to patients with a diagnosed chronic illness.

A community educational program on the prevention of can-
cer has been developed for use by local health departments.
Information on smoking and smokeless tobacco as risk fac-
tors in cancer is provided.

0997.  NORTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN
    RESOURCES, DIVISION OF HEALTH SERVICES,
    Post Office Box 2091, Raleigh, North Carolina
     27602-2091.

Program ntle:
Statewide Health Promotion Program.

Contact:

Ms. Meredith Cosby, Head, Health Promotion Branch
(919)733-7081.

Description:

During 1986 the Statewide Health Promotion Program was
operational in 29 counties in North Carolina. Most of these
projects provided information on smoking as a risk factor in
the program's effort to reduce the risks of the leading causes
of adult morbidity and mortality in the funded counties. Each
county applying for funds determines the problem and target
population that will be addressed through a needs assess-
ment. The program, which so far has operated with Federal
funds, is being expanded to fund every local health
department through a new State appropriation.

0998.  ONSLOW COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 612
    College Street, Jacksonville, North Carolina
     28540.

Program ntle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Peggie L. Garner, R.H.Ed., Public Health Educator
(919)347-6021.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
provided to the public on request. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

0999.  PARK RIDGE HOSPITAL, Naples Road, Fletcher,
     North Carolina 28752.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Phillip Collins, Program Coordinator
(704)684-8501.

Description:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' Breathe-Free Plan To Stop
Smoking is offered, For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

315


1000.  RANDOLPH COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Ira McDowell Governmental Center, 2222 South
    Fayettevllle Street, Asheboro, North Carollna
     27203.

Program Title:
Hypnotherapy Smoking Cessation Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. MiMi Cooper, Director of Health Education
(919)629-2131 ext.3249.

Descrlptlon:

The hypnotherapy smoking cessation clinic is lead by Dr.
Richard Lovelace, an area psychologist with 25 years' ex-
perience in hypnotherapy. The program consists of questions
and answers concerning hypnotherapy, positive thinking and
language training, hypnotherapy inductions, and training for
home use. The clinics are sponsored locally in conjunction

1002.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH
    DAKOTA AFFILIATE, 1005 12th Avenue, S.E.,
    Post Off Ice Box 1287, Jamestown, North Dakota
     58401-l 287.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Barb Sand, Program Director
(701)252-5122.

Descrlptlon:

This is a program implemented by students to increase the
awareness of the effects of smoking. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1003.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NORTH
    DAKOTA, 212 North Second Street, Post Off Ice
    Box 5004, Blsmarck, North Dakota 58502.

Program Title:
CLASP.

Contact:

Ms. Marcie Andre, Program Coordinator
(701)223-5613.

Description:

CLASP kits represent modified versions of the original
program created by the Stanford Heart Disease Program. Kits
are designed to teach junior high students to identify and deal
with pressures from peers and advertising. The program
helps to make students aware of not only the long-term, but
also the short-term effects of smoking. Students are involved
in experiments, role playing, and discussions, all led by high
school team leaders. CLASP kits contain all necessary
materials.  Also provided are guidelines for team leader

with the American Lung Association and are available to any
interested persons at the cost of $35.

1001.  SAMPSON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Rowan Road, Cllnton, North Carolina 28328.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Carolyn King, Health Educator
(919)592-1131.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to the general public. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

NORTH DAKOTA

training and how to conduct each session and analyze the
resutts. There is no charge for this program.

1004.  NORTH DAKOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF
    HEALTH, State Capltol Bulldlng, Blsmarck, North
     Dakota 58505.

Program Title:
Public Education.

Contact:

Stephen L. McDonough, M.D., Chief, Preventive Health
Section
(701)224-2493.

Description:

The North Dakota State Department of Health Consolidated
Laboratories completed a comprehensive study on the health
risks of tobacco use by North Dakota citizens. The study
couples mortality data with tobacco use prevalence informa-
tion to estimate the tobacco-attributable mortality and
economic losses. The report also includes a history of tobac-
co use in the State, the economic impact of use, and a list of
recommendations to achieve a tobacco-free State.

1005.  NORTH DAKOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, State Capitol Building, Bismarck, North
     Dakota 58505.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Stephen L. McDonough, M.D., Chief, Preventive Health
Section
(701)224-2493.

316


Descrlptlon:

A resource guide listing, by County, all trained smoking ces-
sation programs and leaders has been compiled and will be
distributed to health care providers, libraries, and interested
people across the State.

1006.  NORTH DAKOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, State Capltol Bulldlng, Blsmarck, North
     Dakota 58505.

Program Title:
Tobacco Education.

Contact:

Stephen L. McDonough, M.D., Chief, Preventive Health
Section
(701)224-2493.

Descrlptlon:

In an effort to educate students on the hazards of tobacco use,
a resource guide was developed and distributed. The guide
lists all available educational resources, including prevention
programs and curricula, audiovisuals, and general literature
such as pamphlets, books, posters, and magazines.

1007.  NORTH DAKOTA STATE DEPARTMENT OF
    HEALTH, State Capltol Bulldlng, Blsmarck, North
     Dakota 58505.

Program Title:

Tobacco Free North Dakota.

Contact:

Stephen L. McDonough, M.D., President, Tobacco Free North
Dakota Coalition
(701)224-2493.

Descrlptlon:

The program has been in operation since December 1985,
focusing on all North Dakota children and adolescents. North
Dakota adults who are already tobacco users are also tar-
geted. The Coalition has published the Tobacco Free North
Dakota Resource Guide, which lists all educational materials
available to schools regarding tobacco use. In addition, the
Coalition has sponsored expansion of smoking prevention
curricula through peer-pressure resistance.

A directory of smoking cessation leaders was published in the
fall of 1987. Seminars were held with businesses for estab-
lishing worksite smoking policies. Many North Dakotaschools
are establishing smoke-free school districts and most North
Dakota hospitals will have smoke-free facilities by 1988.

1008.  AKRON GENERAL MEDICAL CENTER, Lovellfe
    Wellness Corporatlon, 400 Wabash Avenue,
    Akron, Ohlo 44307.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Katherine Reilly, Health Educator
(216)384-6000.

Descrlptlon:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, muftffaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cesation booklets and followup ser-
vices are provided.

1009,  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OHIO DIVISION,
    INC., 5555 Frantz Road, Dublln, Ohlo 43017.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Margaret Tiierington, Director of Public Education
(614)889-9565 or (800)686-4357 within Ohio.

OHIO

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
throughout the State at no cost. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1010.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OHIO AF-
   FILIATE, 6161 Busch Boulevard, Suite 327,
    Columbus, Ohlo 43229.

Program Mle:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Bill Leinweber, Director of Community Programs
(614)436-0958.

Deecrlptlon:

me American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered, For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1011.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OHIO AF-
    FILIATE, 6161 Busch Boulevard, Suite 327,
   Columbus, Ohlo 43229.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

317


Contact:

Mr. Bill Leinweber, Director of Community Programs
(614)436-0958.

Descflptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is of-
fered.  For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1912.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OHIO AF-
   FILIATE, INC., 6161 Busch Boulevard, Suite 327,
   Columbus, Ohlo 43229.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. Bill Leinweber, Director of Community Programs
(614)436-0958.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1013.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, CENTRAL
   OHIO HEART CHAPTER, 290 East Rich Street,
   post Off Ice Box 739, Columbus, Ohlo 43216.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(614)228-6327.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered.  For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1014.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, CENTRAL
   OHIO HEART CHAPTER, 200 East Rich Street,
   Post Offlce Box 739, Columbus, Ohio 43216.

Program Tttle:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(614)228-6327.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1015.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, CENTRAL
   OHIO HEART CHAPTER, 200 East Rich Street,
   Post Office Box 739, Columbus, Ohlo 43216.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(614)228-6327.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. `Par more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1016.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MIAMI
   VALLEY HEART CHAPTER, 124 North Jefferson
   Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(513)224-3571.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1017.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MIAMI
   VALLEY HEART CHAPTER, 124 North Jefferson
   Street, Dayton, Ohio 45402.

Program Tltk
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(513)224-3571.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1018.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, MIAMI
    VALLEY HEART CHAPTER, 124 North Jefferson
    Street, Dayton, Ohlo 45402.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(513)224-3571.

318


Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1019.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH-
   EAST OHIO AFFILIATE, 1689 East 115th Street,
   Cleveland, Ohlo 44106.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)791-7500.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1026.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH-
   EAST OHIO AFFILIATE, 1689 East 115th Street,
   Cleveland, Ohlo 44106.

Program Tttle:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)791-7500.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1021.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, NORTH-
   EAST OHIO AFFILIATE, INC., 1669 East 115th
    Street, Cleveland, Ohlo 44106.

program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contsct:

Program Coordinator
(216)791-7500.

Descrlptlcn:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1022.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTH-
   WESTERN OHIO CHAPTER, 2936 Vernon Place,
   Clnclnnatl, Ohlo 45218.

Plcgram lltle:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(513)281-4048.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered.  For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1023.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTH-
   WESTERN OHIO CHAPTER, 2936 Vernon Place,
   Clnclnnati, Ohio 45219.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(513)281X)48.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered.  For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1024.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTH-
   WESTERN OHIO CHAPTER, 2936 Vernon Place,
   Clnclnnatl, Ohio 45219.

Program Title:

Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(513)281-4048.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1025.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF AKRON
    DISTRICT AREA, 1236 Weather-vane, Suite 3OOC,
   Akron, Ohlc 44313.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)867-9987.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1026.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOClATlON OF AKRON
   MSTRICT AREA, 1236 Weathervane, Suite 3OOC,
   Akron, Ohlo 44313.

319


Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)867-9987.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1027.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOClATlON OF AKRON
    MSTRICT AREA, 1236 Weathervane, Suite 3OOC,
    Akron, Ohlo 44313.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)867X)87.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1028.   AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF EAST
    CENTRAL OHIO AREA, 1327 Market Avenue,
    North, Canton, Ohio 44714.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)636-2871.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

102%  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF EAST
    CENTRAL OHIO AREA, 1327 Market Avenue,
    North, Canton, Ohio 44714.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)!536-2871.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1030.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF EAST
   CENTRAL OHIO AREA, 1327 Market Avenue,
    North, Canton, Ohlo 44714.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)536-2871.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1031.  AMERICAN HEARTASSOClATlON OF EASTERN
   OHIO AREA, 4622 Market Street, Youngstown,
     Ohlo 44512.

Program Title:
Heatt At Work.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)782-2288.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1032.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOClATiON OF EASTERN
   OHIO AREA, 4822 Market Street, Youngstown,
     Ohio 44512.

Program ntle:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(216)782-2288.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information. see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1033.  AMERICAN HEARTASSOClATlON OF EASTERN
    OHIO AREA, 4622 Market Street, Youngstown,
     Ohlo 44512.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(216)782-2288.

320


Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1034.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF
    NORTHWESTERN OHIO AREA, 215 Community
   Servlcea Building, 1 Stranahan Square, Toledo,
     Ohlo 43604.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(419)244-3769.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1035.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF
   NORTHWESTERN OHIO AREA, 215 Communlty
   Services Buildlng, 1 Stranahan Square, Toledo,
    Ohio 43604.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Program Coordinator
(419)244-3769.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1036.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF
   NORTHWESTERN OHIO AREA, 215 Community
   Services Building, 1 Stranahan Square, Toledo,
     Ohio 43604.

Program Title:

Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(419)244-3769.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1037.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClA'TiON OF NORTH-
   ERN OHIO, 4614 Prospect Avenue, Suite 307,
   Cleveland, Ohio 44103.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. James Corcoran, Program Administrator
(216)361-8000.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered on-site at area organizations, For more
information, gee the detailed program description in Part 1.

1038.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NORTH-
   ERN OHIO, 4614 Prospect Avenue, Suite 307,
    Cleveland, Ohio 44103.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking instructor Training.

Contact:

Mr. James Corcoran, Program Administrator
(216)361-8000.

Description:

The American Lung Association of Northern Ohio, through the
American Lung Association National Corps of Clinic Leader
Trainers, will teach individuals how to conduct Freedom From
Smoking programs at a worksite or in a community setting.
The National program, described in Part 1, is used as a basis
for this training.

1039.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NORTH-
    ERN OHIO, 4614 Prospect Avenue, Suite 307,
    Cleveland, Ohlo 44103.

Program ntie:

Smoking Policy Information.

Contact:

Mr. James Corcoran, Program Administrator
(216)361-8000.

Description:

The Ameriian Lung Association of Northern Ohio is able to
provide two manuals, Creating Your Company Policy and
Taking Executive Action, to help organizations attempting to
create a smoking policy in the workplace.

1040.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH-
    ERN OHIO, 4614 Prospect Avenue, Suite 307,
    Cleveland, Ohlo 44103.

Program Title:

Teen Targeted Anti-Smoking Program.

Contact:

Ms. Pat Westfall, School and Lung Health Coordinator
(216)361-8000.

Descrlptbn:

This program offers school administrators an alternative to
suspending high school students for smoking. By testing their

321


own bodies' responses on the electronic equipment, students
experience the health hazards of just one cigarette. The stu-
dents participate in the cessation portion of the program. The
goals of the program are: 1) to keep the students in the dass-
room: 2) to provide a unique learning experience; and 3) to
provide an opportunity for students to quit smoking.

1641.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    NORTHWESTERN OHIO, 526 Madison Avenue,
    Suite 225, Toledo, Ohlo 43664.

Program Mb:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Sarah W. Russell, Program Administrator
(419)255-2376.

Deecrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1042.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    NORTHWESTERN OHIO, 526 Madleon Avenue,
    Suits 225, Toledo, Ohlo 43604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Sarah W. Russell, Program Administrator
(419)255X+78.

Description:

This program is presented in the form of two self-help
manuals: Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A Liietime
of Freedom From Smoking. For more information, see the
detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

1043.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    NORTHWESTERN OHIO, 526 Madleon Avenue,
    Suite 225, Toledo, Ohio 43604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Starter Session.

Contact:

Ms. Sarah W. Russell, Program Administrator
(419)255-2378.

Desorlption:

One 3-hour program introduces the participant to the major
concepts of the Freedom From Smoking cessation program.
Materials include audiovisual back-up, a set of FFS setf-help
manuals, and additional support items.

1044.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   NORTHWESTERN OHIO, 526 Madison Avenue,
   Suite 225, Toledo, Ohlo 43604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Starter Session Plus.

Contact:

Ms. Sarah W. Russell, Program Administrator
(419)255-2378.

Deecrlptbn:

Three 1 -hour programs are held during each 2-week period.
Participants receive a packet of Starter Session materials
before the first session, and all use the Freedom From Smok-
ing in 20 Da
   F s manual to quit durin B the program. Audiovisual
back-up, a ormer Smokers Pane, and some group support
are provided in this program.

1045.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    NORTHWESTERN OHIO, 526 Madison Avenue,
    Suite 225, Toledo, Ohlo 43604.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Sarah W. Russell, Program Administrator
(419)255-2378.

Deecrlptbn:

The In Control program includes avideocassette, a 20-minute
audiocassette, and a workbook. The videocassette may be
purchased or borrowed. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1046.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH-
   WESTERN OHIO, 2330 Victory Parkway,
    Cincinnati, Ohio 45206-2665.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Paula Monahan, Associate Director
(513)751-3650.

Deecriotlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
orooram is offered monthlv at area Grout Health Associates'
bffi;es. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1047.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF SOUTH-
    WESTERN OHIO, 2330 Victory Parkway,
   Cincinnati, Ohlo 45206-2665.

Program Tttle:

Freedom From Smoking in 20 Days.

Contact:

Ms. Paula Monahan, Associate Director
(513)751-3650.

Descrlptlon:

A colorful guide through the quitting process is used as a seif-
help approach to smoking cessation. A relaxation tape is also

322


available. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1046.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF SOUTH-
   WESTERN OHIO, 2330 Victory Parkway,
   Cincinnati, Ohio 45206-2665.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Paula Monahan, Associate Director
(513)751-3650.

Description:

In Control is a video program that can be used alone or in a
group. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1049.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF SOUTH-
   WESTERN OHIO, 2330 Victory Parkway, Clncin-
    nati, Ohio 45206-2665.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Through Hypnosis.

Contact:

Ms. Paula Monahan. Associate Director

(513)751-3650. '

Description:

Hypnosis is a nonmedical means to achieve smoking cessa-
tion in a group setting. A clinical hypnotist provides the hyp
notic suggestion tocounterthe usual traumas associated with
breaking the habii, such as weight gain and anxiety. Hypnosis
is a deep relaxation with concentration focused on one objec-
tive to heighten consciousness. Sessions are held monthly at
Quality Inn Central, Norwood.

1050.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF STARK-
    WAYNE, 1300 Chrlstmas Seal Drive, N.W.,
   Canton, Ohio 44709.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Rogers, Program Director
(216)456-8275.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered to area high schools. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1051.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF STARK-
   WAYNE, 1300 Christmas Seal Drive, N.W.,
   Csnton, Ohb 44709.

Program Mb:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Rogers, Program Director
(216)456-8275.

Description:
The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1052.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF STARK-
    WAYNE, 1300 Christmas Seal Drive, N.W.,
    Canton, Ohlo 44709.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Fran R. Parsons, Director of Public Relations
(216)456-8275.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered to local businesses. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1053.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF STARK-
    WAYNE, 1300 Christmas Seal Drive, N.W.,
    Canton, Ohio 44709.

Program Title:

Hypnosis Stop Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Rogers, Program Director
(216)456-8275.

Description:

The sessions are conducted by a clinical hypnotist who per-
suades smokers to become nonsmokers in their own minds.
The participants remain fully awake, but achieve a state of
awareness through concentration and muscle relaxation.
  this stage, smokers take control of their habit and focus
  ts toward a nonsmoking lifestyle. Setf-hypnosis is also
   so that nonsmokers can remforce new lifestyles at

1054.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF STARK-
   WAYNE, 1300 Christmas Seal Drive, N.W.,
    Canton, Ohio 44709.

Program Title:
STOMPS.

Contact:

Mr. Mike Ro ers, Program Director
(216)456-8275.

Description:

Staff of the American Lung Association teach h' h school
students about respirato
Upon completion of the 1       7
             health and the hazards o smoking.
           O-hour course, the participants are

commissioned as student instructors. They make presenta-
tions to children in the lower grades about peer pressure and
the negative aspects of cigarette smoking.

323


1055.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF STARK-
   WAYNE, 1300 Christmas Seal Drive, N.W., Can-
    ton, Ohio 44709.

Program Title:

Suspension Alternatives To Students' Smoking.

Contact:
Mr. Mike Ro ers, Program Director
   7
(216)458-82 5.

Description:

Suspension Alternatives To Students' Smoking (SASS) is a
smoking intervention program developed by the American
Lung Association of Stark-Wayne for the Stark County
schools.

This program will provide Stark County school administrators
with an alternative to suspension, if a student is in violation of
school policy regarding tobacco use. The intent of this
program is to increase the awareness of the health factors in-
volved in tobacco use, and to decrease the incidence of
tobacco use among Stark County students.

SASS will include the use of biofeedback equipment that will
demonstrate the immediate effect of one cigarette on the body.
Behavior modification techniques will be used to aid the stu-
dent in his or her quest to become tobacco free. Evaluations
and followup will be conducted at the end of the clinic, every
3,6, and 9 months, and after 1 year.

1056.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
   NORTH CENTRAL BRANCH, 111 East Chestnut
   Street, Post Office Box 613, Mt. Vernon, Ohio
     43050.

Program Title:

Biomonitoring Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Kenney, Branch Director
(614)392-9366.

Descrlptlon:

This program, based on the American Lung Association's
Biofeedback Smoking Education Project, IS offered to area
schools. For more Information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1057.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
   NORTH CENTRAL BRANCH, 111 East Chestnut
   Street, Post Offlce Box 613, Mt. Vernon, Ohio
     43050.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Emily J. Packard, Branch Director
(614)392-9366.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1056.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
   NORTH CENTRAL BRANCH, 111 East Chestnut
   Street, Post Offlcs Box 613, Mt. Vernon, Ohio
    43050.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Kenney, Branch Director
(614)392-9366.

Description:

The In Control videocassette program is offered and can be
used at home or at a worksite. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1059.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
   NORTH CENTRAL BRANCH, 111 East Chestnut
   Street, Post Office Box 613, Mt. Vernon, Ohlo
     43050.

Program Title:
Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Emily J. Packard, Program Cons&ant
(614)392-9366.

Dsscriptlon:

This program is presented in the form of two self-help
manuals: Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A Lifetime
Of Freedom From Smoking. A variety of audiovisuals are
used to reinforce the nonsmoking message. For more infor-
mation, see the detailed program descriptrons in Part 1.

1060.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
   NORTH CENTRAL BRANCH, 111 East Chestnut
   Street, Post Office Box 613, Mt. Vernon, Ohio
     43050.

Program Title:

Self-Hypnosis Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Kerrney, Branch Director
(614)392-9366.

Description:

A clinical psychologist persuades smokers to quit by achiev-
ing a state of awareness. Throu
muscle relaxation, a suggestion 8 h concentration and deep
             erected at quitting smoking

is repeated. During this stage, smokers take control of their
habit and focus thoughts toward becoming a nonsmoker. A
cassette tape for use at home further reinforces the new life-
style.

1061.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
   WESTERN BRANCH, 855 West Market Street,
   Post Office Box 870, Lima, Ohio 45802.

Program ntle:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

324


Contact:

Ms. Charlotte Kleeman, Certified Freedom From Smoking
Leader
(419)228-3335.

Descriution:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information. see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1062.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
    WESTERN BRANCH, 855 West Market Street,
    Post Office Box 870, Lima, Ohio 45802.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Nedilsky, Director
(419)224-8561,

Descrlptlon:

This self-help program is designed to assist a pregnant
woman in quitting smoking in 10 days. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1063.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    WESTERN BRANCH, 855 West Market
    Post Office Box 670, Lima, Ohio 45802.

Program ntie:
Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:
Ms. Nancy Nedilsky, Director
(419)224-8561.

Description:

OHIO,
Street,

As a new component to the American Lung Association's
Smoke-Free Family campaign, this 54-pa e manual assists
smokers in kicking the habit. For more In ormation, see the
           9
detailed program description in Part 1.

1064.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
    WESTERN BRANCH, 855 West Market Street,
    Post Offlce Box 870, Lima, Ohio 45802.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Nedilsky, Director
(419)228-3335.

Description:
The American Lung Association's self-help manuals,
Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A Lifetime Of
Freedom From Smoking, are available at a minimal cost. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1065.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
    WESTERN BRANCH, 855 West Market Street,
    Post Office Box 870, Lima, Ohio 45802.

Program ntie:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Nedilsky, Director
(419)224-8561.

Descrlptlon:

The In Control program includes a videocassette, a 20-minute
audiocassette, and a workbook. The videocassette may be
purchased or borrowed.  For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1066.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OHIO,
    WESTERN BRANCH, 855 West Market Street,
    Post Office Box 870, Lima, Ohio 45802.

Program Title:
Self-Help Plus.

Contact:

Ms. Charlotte Kleeman, Certified Freedom From Smoking
Leader
(419)228-3335.

Descrlotion:

Setf-Hilp Plus is offered in three 1 -hour sessions during a 2-
week oeriod. Particioants receive a oacket of Starter Session
materials before the first session, and all use the Freedom
From Smoking In 20 Days manual to quit during the program.
Audiovisual back-up, a Former Smokers Panel, and some
group support are also provided in this program.

1067.  CITY OF CLEVELAND DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC
    HEALTH AND HUMAN RESOURCES, 1925 St.
    Cialr Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44114.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Wafter H. Scott, Preventive Health Counselor
(216)664-2324.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered to county and Federal employees and the
public community. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1068.  CITY OF CLEVELAND DEPARTMENTOF PUBLIC
    HEALTH AND HUMAN RESOURCES, 1925 St.
    Clalr Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44114.

Program Title:
Smoking Education.

325


Contact:

Mr. Walter H. Scott, Preventive Health Counselor
(216)664-2324.

Description:

Through cooperation with the American Cancer Society,
American Lung Association and American Heart Association,
tobacco use education programs are presented to school
children in kindergarten through grade 12. For students in
kindergarten through grade 3, the program focuses on the ills
of tobacco use. For those in grades 4 through 6, programs
focus on the effects of tobacco on the human body, and for
grades 7 though 12, smoking education and a focus on value
clarification is presented.

Smoking education will also be provided to three target
groups: 1) 2,000 individuals aged 18 to 25; 2) 45 hearing-
impaired persons; and 3) 30 disabled veteran minorities.

1069.  CLINTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 610 West Main
   Street, Wilmington, Ohio 45177.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Cynthia Crosthwaite, HealthSense Manager
(513)382-6611.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniquesto prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cesation booklets and foilowup
services are provided.

1070.  COLUMBIANA COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, Post Office Box 396, Lisbon, Ohio 44432-
     0396.

Program Title:

BREAK-OUT: Break Out Of The Use Of Tobacco.

Contact:

Barbara Stamp, R.N., Director of Nursing
(216)424-9511 ex1.222.

Descrlptlon:

The focus of the project is to discourage the use of both
smokeless and smoking tobacco among delinquent youth at
the Louis Tobin Attention Center. The children range from age
8 to 18 and are considered at risk. The overall goal is to help
teenagers acquire knowledge and understanding about how
their own health practices and lifestyles influence their chan-
ces of future debilitation and chronic disease. The Columbiana
County Health Department will present a class once a week
on tobacco and attitude adjustment. To support the education-
al component of this project, the Juvenile Court Judge has re-
quired that no tobacco be used in the presence of any court
employee at any time. The nlad!egl advisor of the health
department is available for advice, guidance, and program
preparation.

1071.  GALLIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   County Courthouse, Locust Street, Gaiilpoiis,
    Ohlo 45631.

Program lltie:

Desmond, The Dragon.

Contact:

Barbara C. Ephrig, R.N., Program Coordinator
(614)446-4612 ext.292.

Description:

The Desmond, The Dragon program is presented to all kinder-
garten through grade% County students. The County Health
Educator introduces the topic of tobacco prevention and uses
pretest questions in assembly situations. The live drama,
"Desmond, The Dragon," is then presented. The drama isfol-
lowed by a review of the content, posttest questions, and
practice in how to say no to tobacco.

1072.  GALLIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   County Courthouse, Locust Street, Gaiiipoiis,
    Ohio 45631.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Barbara C. Ephrig, R.N., Program Coordinator
(614)446-4612 ext.292.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to the general public. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1073.  GALLIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   County Courthouse, Locust Street, Gaiiipoiis,
    Ohio 45631.

Program Title:
Peer Pressure.

Contact:

Barbara C. Ephrig, R.N., Program Coordinator
(614)446-4612 ex1.292.

Description:
The Peer Pressure program is presented to teenage students
annually. Peer pressure is discussed with examples of peer-
pressure situations. Ways to say no are discussed, with
specific examples of responses. The objective is to teach stu-
dents to recognize peer pressure as it applies to tobacco use.

1074.  GALLIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   County Courthouse, Locust Street, Gaiiipoiis,
     Ohio 45631.

Program Title:
Smoking is Yucky.

326


Contact:

Barbara C. Ephrig, R.N., Program Coordinator
(614)446-4612 ext.292.

Descrlptlon:

This program is presented to preschoolers annually. R con-
sists of four lo- to 15-minute sessions. The program em-
phasizes the ill effects of smoking on the lungs and the heart.
The students practice how to say no to tobacco and are shown
pictures of role models who do not smoke. Puppets, pictures,
sports equipment, posters, and medical equipment are among
the displays used.

1075.  GRANT MEDICAL CENTER, 111 South Grant
    Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43215.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:
Grant Fitness Center
(614)461-3880.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cesation booklets and foliowup
services are provided.

1076.  GREENE COUNTY COMBINED HEALTH DIS-
    TRICT, 360 Wlison D&e, Post Office Box 250,
    Xenia, Ohio 45365.

Program Title:

Grade School Tobacco Project.

Contact:

Ms. Barbara Wagner, Development Officer
(513)376-9411.

Description:

The program targets students in grades 3 and 4 in six disad-
vantaged areas of the County. The program objective is to
reduce the acceptance and adoption of tobacco use among
the students. Topics covered include preassessment of stu-
dent knowledge, attitude and behavior toward tobacco use, a
general introduction, a discussion about the visual aspscts of
tobacco use, the social aspects of tobacco use, and how to
cope with peer pressure and behavior role models.

1077.  GROUP HEALTH ASSOCIATES, INC., 2915
    Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220.

program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

contaot:

Mr. Randy O'Neill, Program Coordinator
(513)872-2044.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
cessation program is offered. For more information, see the
program description in Part 1.

1076.  HAMILTON DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 20 High
    Street at Monument, Hamilton, Ohio 45011.

Program Tltie:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Priscilla Seymour, R.N., B.S.N., Nursing Administrator
(513)868-5978.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to local industry, as requested. For more information, see the

detailed program description in Part 1.

1079.  HEALTH MAINTENANCE
   Dixie, Dayton, Ohio 45409.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

PLAN, 2555 South

Ms. Joanne C. Zahora, Health Education Specialist
(513)296-4000.

Description:

A health professional from the health plan conducts the
American Lung Association's smoking cessation workshop.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Pati 1.

1060.  KElTERlNG CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMO-
   TION, Kettering Medlcal Center, 3535 Southern
   Boulevard, Kettering, Ohlo 45429.

Program Title:

Stop Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. Larry W. Wilson, Director
(513)296-7245.

Description:

A series of in-depth sessions is offered to those needing
professional help to stop smoking. Pretesting and orientation
costs $26; the program fee is $50. Clinics are offered to
businesses as requested.

1061.  OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Division of
   Chronic Diseases, Post Office Box 118,
   Columbus, Ohio, 43266-0118.

Program Title:

Ohio Education Program On Smoking And Health.

327


Contact:

Ms. Ellen M. Capweil or Ms. Darlene P. Kreiser, Program
Coordinators
(614)466-2144.

Desorlption:

The Ohio Education Program On Smoking And Health serves
as a resource center for lay and professional information on
tobacco. Literature and educational materials are available
upon request. Publications recently developed include the
Stamp Out Snuff activity coloring book for school children. A
quarterly newsletter, Smoking vs. Heafth, has a circulation of
approximately 350. ft includes a summary of new information
on tobacco; description of resources; updates on tobacco-re-
lated activities of National, State, and local agencies and or-
ganizations; and updates on legislation. Ten films on tobacco
are currently available on free loan to Ohio residents. Staff
provide consultations and make presentations to State and
local professionals in community health and education. Staff
also consult with employers and employees concerning the
development and implementation of workplace nonsmoking
policies. They conduct conferences and workshops, provide
exhibits, distribute public service announcements, and survey
schools, health departments, and businesses. Staff coor-
dinate a Statewide annual tobacco versus health poster con-
test for students in grade 7 as an awareness activity. The
program is also funding and monitoring nine local tobacco
prevention projects aimed at preventing youth from using
tobacco. The program emphasizes coordination and
cooperation of official agencies, voluntary organizations,
professional associations, and educational institutions in ad-
dressing the tobacco issues. Staff participate in interagency
groups and coalitions for this purpose.

1082.  OHIO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Division of
    Chronic Diseases, Post Office Box 118,
    Columbus, Ohio 43266-0118.

Program Title:

Ohio Tobacco Prevention Project.

Contact:

Ms. Ellen M. Capwell or Ms. Darlene P. Kreiser, Program
Coordinators
(614)466-2144.

Description:
The Ohio Tobacco Prevention Project is aimed at young
Ohioans. Selected sites, including local health departments,
voluntary health agencies, and community youth groups, are

awarded l-year contracts to develop, implement, and
evaluate tobaccc prevention programs and reinforcement ac-
tivities. The overall objectives of the program are: 1) to es-
tablish educational programs and initiatives aimed at the
prevention of habitual smoking among youth at high risk from
becoming adult smokers: and 2) to increase public awareness
of the addictive and harmful effects of smokeless tobacco use
in geographic areas of high smokeless tobacco use.
Programs and supportive services designed to prevent tobac-
co use have been conducted from preschool through the
senior high levels.

1083.  THE CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTiON AT
   RIVERSIDE HOSPITAL, 1600 North Superior
    Street, Toledo, Ohio 43604.

Program Tftle:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Ann Murray, Program Coordinator
(419)729-6035.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cesation booklets and followup
services are provided.

1084.   WILLIAMS COUNTY DISTRICT BOARD OF
    HEALTH, 310 Lincoln, Post Office Box 146,
    Montpelier, Ohio 43543-0146.

Program Title:

Healthy Me, Tobacco Free.

Contact:

Jean Wise, R.N., Health Educator and Ms. Mindy Schaffner,
Health Commissioner
(419)485-3141.

Description:

The County Health Department provides local middle school
teachers with audiovisual aids and an educational curriculum
on the hazards of tobacco use for use in their classrooms.
Also, exhibits featuring Mr. Gross Mouth are planned for each
school along with poster contests.

OKLAHOMA

1085.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OKLAHOMA    Contact:
   AFFILIATE, 2915 Classen Boulevard, Suite 220,   Mr. John Hanley, Associate Executive Director
    Post Offlce Box 11376, Oklahoma City,   (405)521-9838.
    Oklahoma 73136.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

328

Description:

For more information on the American Heart Association's


Heart At Work program, see the detailed program description
in Part 1.

1086.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OKLAHOMA
   AFFILIATE, 2915 Ciassen Boulevard, Suite 220,
   Post Office Box 11376, Oklahoma City,
     Oklahoma 73136.

Program Tltie:

Putting Your Heart Into The Curriculum.

Contact:

Mr. John Hanley, Associate Executive Director
(405)521-9838.

Description:

For more information on this American Heart Association
program, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1087.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OKLAHOMA
   AFFILIATE, 2915 Classen Boulevard, Suite 220,
   Post Office Box 11376, Oklahoma City,
     Oklahoma 73136.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. John Hartley, Associate Executive Director
(405)521-9838.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1086.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF GREEN
   COUNTY, OKLAHOMA, 2885 East Skelly Drive,
    Suite 666, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105.

Program Tftie:

Freedom From Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Pam Hollman, Program Director
(918)747-3441.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1089.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF GREEN
   COUNTY, OKLAHOMA, 2805 East Skeiiy Drive,
   Sufte 806, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days.

Contact:

Ms. Pam Hollman, Program Director
(918)747-3441.

Description:
The American Lung Association's self-help manual is offered.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1090.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF GREEN
   COUNTY, OKLAHOMA, 2895 East Skelly Drive,
    Suite 806, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105.

Program Tftle:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Pam Hoilman, Program Director
(918)747-3441.

Description:

The American Lung Association's in Control videocassette
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1091.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF GREEN
   COUNTY, OKLAHOMA, 2805 East Skeily Drive,
    Suite 806, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74105.

Program Title:

Smoking Control Through Hypnosis.

Contact:

Ms. Pam Hollman, Program Director
(918)747-3441.

Description:

The goal of this nonmedical group hypnosis program is to
create a state of increased sensitivity to positive suggestion
that helps minimize diff icult withdrawal from cigarettes. A local
hypnotist conducts the one-session program in Tulsa month-
ly and in area towns semiannually. Pamphlets and instruction
in self-hypnosis are also made available.

1092.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
   LAHOMA, Post Office Box 53393, Oklahoma City,
     Okia homa 73152.

Program Title:
Cold Turkey Day.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Vice President
(405)524-8471.

Description:

Cold Turkey Day is a Statewide event in which smokers are
encouraged to lay down their cigarettes for at least that 1 day.
The belief is that 1 day's success will provide incentive for
another until habit mastery is accomplished.

329


1093.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
    LAHOMA, Post Offlce Box 53303, Oklahoma City,
     Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Viie President
(405)524-8471.

Descrlptlon:

The Ameriian Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1094.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
    LAHOMA, Post Offlce Box 53393, Oklahoma City,
    Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Vice President
(405)524-8471.

Descrlptlon:

This 32-page manual is a self-help program designed to as-
sist a pregnant woman in quitting smoking in 10 days. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1095.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
    LAHOMA, Post Offlce Box 53303, Oklahoma City,
     Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Vice President
(405)524-8471.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1096.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
   LAHOMA, Post Office Box 53303, Oklahoma Clty,
    Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Vice President
(405)524-8471.-

Descrlptlon:
The AmericanLung Association'sself-helpprogramisoffered.

For more information, see the detailed program descriptions
in Part 1.

1097.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
    LAHOMA, Post Offlca Box 53393, Oklahoma City,
     Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Expcutive Vice President
(405)524-8471.

Description:

The American Lung Association's In Control videocassette
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1098.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
   LAHOMA, Post Office Box 53303, Oklahoma City,
     Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:
Lungs Are For Life.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Vice President
(405)524-8471.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Lungs Are For Liie modules
are offered to area schools. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1099.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
    LAHOMA, Post Office Box 53393, Oklahoma Clty,
     Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Vice President
(405)524-8471.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1100.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OK-
   LAHOMA, Post Office Box 53303, Oklahoma City,
     Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation Through Hypnosis.

Contact:

Mr. John G. Rogers, Executive Vice President
(405)524-8471.

330


Descrlptlon:                         Descrlptlon:

The nonmedical group hypnosis program is designed to aid in
withdrawal from cigarettes. Participants are instructed in the
techniques of self-hypnosis to achieve maximum and long-
lasting benefits. Sessions are offered monthly in Oklahoma
City and in rotation at locations around the State.

This program leads participants through the three steps to
quitting smoking: 1) getting ready to quit; 2) quitting: and 3)
remaining an ex-smoker. Participants analyze why they
smoke and discover what kind of smoker they are. They tar-
get a quitting day, learn techniques for lessening weight gain,
tension, and withdrawal pangs, and build exercise and a
healthy diet into a new life.

1101.  OKLAHOMA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   1000 Northeast Tenth, Post Office Box 53551,
   Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73152.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Richard M. Gunn, Chief, Health Education and information
(405)271-5601,

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
in conjunction with the State employee health and wellness
promotion activities available through the Oklahoma Office of
Personnel Management. Health risk assessment, evaluation,
and referral are included in the total package. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1102.  STILLWATER MEDICAL CENTER, Box 2408,
   Stillwater, Oklahoma 74076.

Program Title:
How To Quit Smoking.

Contact:

Bobbi Bryson, R.N., B.S.N., Director of Education
(405)372-1480.

1103.  TULSA CITY -COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   4616 East 15th Street, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74112.

Program Title:
Smoking And Health.

Contact:

Ralph R. Wooley, M.D., M.P.H., Director
(918)744-1000.

Descrlptlon:

The program is offered, on request, to students in grades 4
and 5. The program lasts 1 hour. The presentation begins
with a discussion on the importance of the children's feelings
of self-worth. The children are asked to listen to the informa-
tion given, thinking only of their bodies, and not anyone else's,
in order to avoid any overpowering fear of the potential loss of
family members who smoke. Factual information is given
through slides and 16mm films, appropriate for each grade
level, depicting the damage to human tissue because of smok-
ing. I'll Never Start and I Will Stop Club member cards are dis-
tributed. The cards are given to help the children become
conscious of the importance of never starting and to assist
them in helping their parents to stop smoking.

OREGON

1104.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
   DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
Breaking Free.

Program Title:
Breathing Easy.

Contact:
Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)2954x22.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's smoking cessation program
for high school students is offered. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

1105.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
   DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Descrlptlon:

This videocassette program was designed for children aged
1 Oto 14. The program, which features an imaginary television
network and teacher's guide, is loaned at no cost.

1106.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
   DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
Cancer Response System.

331


Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422 or (800)ACS-2345.

Description:

Volunteers answer smoking-related questions and provide
tips on quitting.

1107.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
    DIVISION, INC., 0339 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart cessation
program is offered at no cost to individuals and up to $25 to
organizations. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1109.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
   DIVISION, INC., 0339 Southwest Curry Street,
    Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:

FreshStart: Computer Software.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart cessation
program is available on PC compatible software. This inter-
active program includes a customized printout with specific
quit strategies and self-help instructions. This program is lent
to the public at no cost.

1189.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
    DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
    Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:

FreshStart: 21 Days To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Description:

This self-help program includes: a 159-page paperback at a
cost of $3.95; an audiocassette at a cost of $7.95; and a VHS
format videocassette at a cost of $29.95. These items may
be ordered at local bookstores or by calling (800)446-3500,
operator 866.

1110.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
   DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
The Gnome.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Descrlptlon:

This smoking prevention kit was designed for students in
grades 2 to 3. Children learn the health effects of tobacco use
as well as polite ways to tell a smoker how they feel or to leave
a room when someone is smoking. This package includes a
puppet, script, activities, and posters. There is no charge for
this program.

1111.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
   DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
Know Smoke.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)2954x22.

Description:

Know Smoke is a computer software program designed for
teenagers 12 to 18 years of age. This program provides
general facts and personalized information regarding an
individual's smoking habit. This program is lent free to schools
and other organizations.

1112.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
    DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
    Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
Quitter's Guide.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Description:

This 7day plan to stop smoking, compiled into a booklet by
the American Cancer Society, is distributed to the public at no
cost. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Pan 1.

1113.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
    DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
    Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
Speakers' Bureau.

332


Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Description:

Speakers and films on lung cancer, smoking, and the benefits
of quitting are available to employee groups and other or-
ganizations at no cost.

1114.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
    DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Tltle:

Starting Free: Good Air For Me.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295x422.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's preschool smoking preven-
tion program is available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1115.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, OREGON
   DIVISION, INC., 0330 Southwest Curry Street,
   Portland, Oregon 97201.

Program Title:
Tobacco Free Teens.

Contact:

Ms. Cathy H. Rowland, Public Education Director
(503)295-6422.

Description:

In conjunction with the American Lung Association of Oregon,
this eight-session program is offered to teenagers. Teachers
and other adults are trained to conduct the program at their
own locations. There is no charge for this program.

1116.  AMERlCAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OREGON
   AFFILIATE, 2121 Southwest Broadway, Portland,
   Oregon 97201-3146.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Mr. G. Anthony Starbird, Affiliate Executive Director
(503)336-2575 or (800)452-9445.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1117.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, OREGON
    AFFILIATE, 2121 Southwest Broadway, Portland,
   Oregon 97201-3146.

Program Title:

Tobacco Free Young America.

Contact:

Mr. G. Anthony Starbird, Affiliate Executive Director
(503)226-2575 or (800)452-9445.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Tobacco Free Young
America campaign is promoted. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

1118.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OREGON,
   319 Southwest Washington, Suite 520, Portland,
    Oregon 97204.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Jeanette Bader, M.S.W., Northern Region Director
(503)224-5145.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1119.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF OREGON,
    319 Southwest Washington, Suite 520, Portland,
   Oregon 97204.

Program Tttle:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Jeanette Bader, M.S.W., Northern Region Director
(503)224-5145.

Descrlptlon:

A new component to the American Lung Association's Smoke-
Free Family campaign, this 54-page manual assists smokers
in kicking the habit, For more Information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1120.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF OREGON,
   319 Southwest Washington, Sulte 520, Portland,
    Oregon 97204.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Jeanette Bader, M.S.W., Northern Region Director
(503)224-5145.

Descrlptlon:

The In Control videocassette program may be purchased or
borrowed. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

333


1121.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF OREGON,    1123.  OREGON CONFERENCE OF SEVENTH-DAY
   319 Southwest Washlngton, Suite 520, Portland,
   Oregon 97204.                    ADVENTISTS, 13400 Southeast 97th Avenue,
                               Clackamas, Oregon 97015.

Program Tltle:
Smoke-Free Line.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Contact:

Jeanette Bader, M.S.W., Northern Region Director
(503)224-5145.

Mr. Frank W. Baker, Director, Health Services
(503)652-2225.

Descrlptlon:

Descrlptlon:

Smoke-Free Line is a 24-hour toll-free hotline for people in
Oregon who are trying to stop smoking. The caller receives a
recorded message that changes daily. Monday through
Friday, a caller can stay on the line and talk to a counselor.
The objective is to provide additional, ongoing support to
people who are quitting smoking. One-week, 3month, 6-
month, and 1 -year followup calls are made to those who have
asked for counseling help, with their permission.

For a complete outline of the Breathe-Free Plan To Stop
Smoking, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1124.  SAINT VINCENT HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL
   CENTER, Health and Lifestyle Center, 1885
   Northwest 185th Avenue, Aloha, Oregon 97006.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

1122.  GOODSAMARITAN HOSPITAL, Health Care Cen-
   ter, 3600 Northwest Samarltan Drlve, Room 4-
   S26, Post Offlce Box 1068, Corvallls, Oregon
     97339.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Janie Krieg, Hospital Coordinator and Linda R. Bryson,
M.S., Smoking Consultant
(503)757-5121 and 758-5139.

Descrlptlon:

This six-session class meets twice weekly for 3 weeks. Month-
ly support meetings continue for 1 year. The cost of the
program is $50 and the class text, Are You Ready To Quit
Smoking?, is available for $9.95.

Contact:

Ms. Gail Harris, Health and Lifestyle Center Coordinator
(503)845-4864.

Descrlptlon:

The Health and Lifestyle Center has been offering their Stop
Smoking program since 1982. The 8-week program meets
twice a week for the first 4 weeks and once a week for the last
4 weeks. Participants quit smoking on the fifth class. The first
four classes prepare the participants for quit day and the
remaining classes reinforce the new behavior of being a non-
smoker. Participants are also given a manual to follow
throughout the class. Followup is conducted with participants
for one year after they complete the program.

PENNSYLVANIA

1125.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, PENNSYLVANIA    1126.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, PENNSYLVANIA
   DIVISION, INC., Route 422 and Slpe Avenue,       DIVISION, INC., Route 422 and Slpe Avenue,
   Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0897.             Hershey, Pennsylvanla 17033-0897.

Program Title:
Breaking Free.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Sharon H. McCool, Public Education Director
(717)533-6144.

Contact:

Ms. Sharon H. McCool, Public Education Director
(717)533-6144.

Descrlptlon:
This cessation program for teenagers is available. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

Description:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

334


1127.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, PENNSYLVAm
    DIVISION, INC., Route 422 and Sipe Avenue,
    Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0897.

Program Title:

Starting Free: Good Air For Me.

Contact:

Ms. Sharon H. McCool, Public Education Director
(717)533-6144.

Description:

Smoking prevention program packages for preschool children
are offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1128.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA
    DIVISION, INC., 1422 Chestnut Street,
   Phlladelphla, Pennsylvania 19102.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Stephen Gambrescia, M.Ed., Coordinator
(215)665-2959.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart prcgram is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1129.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA
    DIVISION, INC., 1422 Chestnut Street,
    Phlladelphla, Pennsylvanla 19102.

Program Title:

FreshStart: 21 Days To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Stephen Gambrescia, M.Ed., Coordinator
(215)665-2959.

Descrlptlon:

This new audio and videocassette program, based on the
FreshStart program, allows quitters to chose where they quit
and offers group support in the privacy of their own homes.

1136.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, PHILADELPHIA
    DIVISION, INC., 1422 Chestnut Street,
   Phlladelphla, Pennsylvania 19102.

Program Tftle:
Quitter's Guide.

Contact:

Stephen Gambrescia, M.Ed., Coordinator
(215)665-2959.

Descrlptlon:

This self-help pamphlet is available upon request. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1131.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, PENNSYL-
   VANIA AFFILIATE, 3700 Vartan Way, Harrisburg,
    Pennsylvania 17110.

Program Title:
Calling It Quits.

Contact:

Ms. B. Linda Greaver, Program Director
(717)657-3383.

Descrlptlon:

The Calling tt Quits brochure, developed by the American
Heart Association, is available free of charge. For more
information, see the detailecl program description in Part 1.

1132.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, PENNSYL-
   VANIA AFFILIATE., 3700 Vartan Way, Harrisburg,
    Pennsylvanla 17110.

Program ntk

School Health Education.

Contact:

Ms. 8. Linda Greaver, Program Director
(717)657-3383.

Descrlptlon:

Smoking education programs are directed toward all school-
aged children. The program includes Heart Health Education
01 The Young, A Resource Guide, for teachers of kindergar-
ten through grade 12, and Save A Sweet Heart, for high school
students. For more information, see the detailed program
descriptions in Part 1.

1133.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF BERKS
    COUNTY, 611 Walnut Street, Post Office Box 137,
    Reading, Pennsylvania, 19603.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Deb Hannah, Program Associate
(215)373-0253.

Descrlptlon:

Freedom From Smoking programs include public and worksite
clinics, consultation on policies for business, self-help
manuals, and videotapes. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1134.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF BUCKS
   COUNTY, 272 Titus Avenue, Post Off Ice Box 251,
   Warrington, Pennsylvania 18976.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Lynne Manley, Program Director
(215)343-6420.

335


Description:

Freedom From Smoking cessation clinics and self-help
manuals are available. Clinics are conducted at various sites,
including workplaces and community-oriented locations.
Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days and A Lifetime Of
Freedom From Smoking are the two cessation and main-
tenance manuals designed for use by the individuals on their
own. For more information, see the detailed program
descriptions in Part 1.

1135.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL
   PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Office
   Box 1632, Harrisburg, Pennsylvanla 17105-l 632.

Program Title:
Breathing Easy.

Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991.

Descrlptlon:

This program consists of a 30-minute 16mm color film and an
accompanying teacher's guide for junior high school teachers.

1136.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF CENTRAL
    PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Office
    Box 1632, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-l 632.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics areoffered tothegeneral public and to privateorganiza-
tions. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1137.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF CENTRAL
    PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Office
   Box 1632, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-l 632.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991.

Description:
This 32-page manual is a self-help program designed to as-
sist a pregnant woman in quitting smoking in 10 days. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1136.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL
    PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Offlce
   Box 1632, Harrisburg, Pennsyivanla 17105-l 632.

Program Title:

Freedom From Srnoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991.

Description:

A newcomponent of the American Lung Association's Smoke-
Free Family campaign, this 54-page manual assists smokers
in kicking the habit. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1139.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL
   PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Off Ice
   Box 1632, Harrlsburg, Pennsylvania 17105-1632.

Program Tltle:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991,

Description:

The self-help program is presented in the form of two manuals:
the first manual helps a person stop smoking and the second
manual helps a person stay off cigarettes. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1140.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL
    PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Oftlce
   Box 1632, Harrlsburg, Pennsyivanla 17105-1632.

Program Title:

Hugh McCabe: The Coach's Final Lesson.

Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991.

Description:

The American Lung Association has made "Hugh McCabe:
The Coach's Final Lesson," available for use in the com-
munity. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1141.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATiON OF CENTRAL
    PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Off ice
    Box 1632, Harrisburg, Pennsylvanla 17105-1632.

Program Title:
In Control.

336


Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991.

Description:

The American Lung Association's in Control videocassette
smoking cessation program is available. The videocassette
may be purchased or borrowed at no cost. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1142.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF CENTRAL
    PENNSYLVANIA, 123 Forster Street, Post Office
    Box 1632, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17105-1632.

Program Tltie:

Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Kim McKeown, Program Director
(717)234-5991.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
program is available to schools and community groups. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1143.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    DELAWARE/CHESTER COUNTIES, Post Off ice
    Box 1329, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. John Garbin, Program Director
(215)692-4233.

Description:

Corporations are encouraged to allow employee group smok-
ing cessation clinics at their worksites. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1144.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF LAN-
    CASTER COUNTY, 630 Janet Avenue, Lancaster,
    Pennsylvania 17601.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Susan J. Sink, R.N., B.S.N., Program Director
(717)397-5203.

Description:

Group cessation clinics based on the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking manuals and clinic
guide 2:~ offered through area hospital programs or directly
to area companies. Consultation to companies interested in
smoking control policies is provided. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1145.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF LAN-
    CASTER COUNTY, 630 Janet Avenue, Lancaster,
    Pennsylvania 17601.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Susan J. Sink, R.N., B.S.N.. Program Director
(717)397-5203.

Description:

A special self-help cessation program for pregnant smokers
is offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1146.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF LAN-
    CASTER COUNTY, 630 Janet Avenue, Lancaster,
    Pennsylvania 17601.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Susan J. Sink, R.N., B.S.N. Program Director
(717)397-5203.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals are offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1147.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF LAN-
    CASTER COUNTY, 630 Janet Avenue, Lancaster,
    Pennsylvania 17601.

Program Title:

School Health Education.

Contact:

Susan J. Sink, R.N., B.S.N., Program Director
(717)397-5203.

Description:

Various curriculum programs designed to prevent children
from beginning to smoke and emphasizing general good
health are offered.

1146.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF LEHIGH
   VALLEY,Valley Federal Building, 2nd Floor, Club
    Avenue and Union Boulevard, Bethlehem,
   Pennsylvania 18018.

Program Tltle:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. John R. Williams, Executive Director
(215)667-4100.

337


Descrlptbn:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1149.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NORTH-
   EAST PENNSYLVANIA, Post Office Box 115,
   Scranton, Pennsylvania 18504.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Raymond Bechtel, Executive Director
(717)346-17&t or (717)343-0987.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1150.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   NORTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA, 352 West Eighth
   Street, Erie, Pennsylvania 16502.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Joy Greco, R.N., Program Director
(814)454-0109.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1151.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF PHILADEL-
    PHIA AND MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 1100 East
    Hector Street, Third Floor East, Suite 360,
   Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Amy Lupinski, Program Manager
(215)735-2200.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Pari 1.

1152.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF PHILADEL-
    PHIA AND MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 1100 East
   Hector Street, Third Floor East, Suite 360,
   Conshohocken, Pennsylvanla 19428.

Program Title:
School Health Education.

Contact:

MS. Amy Lupinski, Program Manager
(215)735-2200.

Descrlptlon:

Various curriculum programs designed to prevent children
from beginning to smoke and emphasizing general good
health are offered.

1153.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH AL-
   LEGHENIES, 124 North Center Avenue, Post
   Office BoxQ47, Somerset, Pennsylvanla 15501.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Barrons, Executive Director
(814)445-5747 or (814)536-7245.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1154.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH
   CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, 488 West Market
   Street, Box 1125, York, Pennsylvania 17405.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Lisa M. Marriott, Director of Programs
(717)845-3639.

Description:

The seven-session Freedom From Smoking clinic was
designed by the American Lung Association to help smokers
join with others to quit their habit. This program is offered to
both the community and to local worksites. A minimum of 20
participants is required.  For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1155.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH
   CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, 488 West Market
   Street, Box 1125, York, Pennsylvanla 17405.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Lisa M. Marriott, Director of Programs
(717)845-3639 .

Description:

The Freedom Frlom Smoking self-help manuals are com-
prehensive quit-smoking guides developed by the American
Lung Association. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

338


1166.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON ~OF-!%UTIf
   CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, 488 West Market
   Street, Box 1125, York, Pennsylvania 17405.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Lisa M. Marriott, Director of Programs
(717)645-3639.

Description:

In Control, the American Lung Association's home video
program, is available. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1157.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF SOUTH
   CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, 488 West Market
   Street, Box 1125, York, Pennsylvania 17405.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Lisa M. Marriott, Director of Programs
(717)645-3639.

Descrlptlon:

The Smoking And Pregnancy program designed by the
American Lung Association and the Freedom From Smoking
For You And Your Baby package are available. For more in-
formation, see the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

1156.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
    PENNSYLVANIA, 2851 Bedford Avenue,
   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.

Program Title:

A Lifetime Of Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Julie Carlin, Program Associate
(412)621-0400.

Dascrlptlon:

This self-help followup manual is available for a minimal cost.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1159.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
   PENNSYLVANIA, 2851 Bedford Avenue,
    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Me. Julie Carlin, Program Associate
(412)621-0400.

Dascrlption:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking

clinics are offered to the community and to private organiza-
tions.  For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1160.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
   PENNSYLVANIA, 2851 Bedford Avenue,
   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In :20 Days.

Contact:

Ms. Julie Carlin, Program Associate
(412)621-0400.

Description:

This self-help manual is available at minimal cost. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1161.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
   PENNSYLVANIA, 2851 Bedford Avenue,
   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219.

Program ntle:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Julie Carlin, Program Associate
(412)621-0400.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Associa,tion's In Control smoking cessa-
tion videocassette is available for loan or purchase. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1162.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WESTERN
   PENNSYLVANIA, 2851 Bedford Avenue,
   Pittsburgh, Pennsylvanla 15219.

Program Title:

21 -Day Personal Smoking Reduction Program.

Contact:

Ms. Julie Carlin, Program Associate
(412)621-0400.

Descflptlon:

The 21-day program is an exclusive, copyrighted program
developed by the American Lung Association of Western Pen-
nsylvania, formerly the Christmas Seal League. It features a
reduction schedule tailored to each smoker's habit. A unique
system of progress report cards is used throughout and even
after completion of this program. The program has been re-
quested by over 150,000 people focally and is being followed
as part of a study being conducted by Carnegie-Mellon Univer-
sity funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.
The 21 -Day Personal Smoking Reduction Program, complete
with a Quitter's Handbook, daily guide, personalized
schedule, and progress report cards, is offered for free.

339


1163.  BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE GROUP, INC., 355
   Flowers Mill Road, Post Office Box L103,
   Langhorne, Pennsylvania 19047.

Program Title:

Stop Smoking Without Weight Gain.

Contact:
Program Coordinator
(215)752-7111.

Description:

In this approach to smoking cessation, smokers are believed
to be inherently motivated to quit. Relapses in quitting do not
indicate a lack of motivation, but the persistence of physical
and psychological factors that makes quitting difficult. In an
approach called Restart Prevention, these problems are ad-
dressed in the following four areas: weight control, withdrawal
symptom control, habit control, and stress control.

1164.  CHESTER COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,326
   North Walnut Street, West Chester, Pennsylvanla
    19380.

Program Title:

Babies Don't Thrive In Smoke-Filled Wombs.

Contact:

Ms. Susan Pizzi, Public Health Educator
(215)431-6259.

Descrlptlon:

This is one of the ten 30-minute programs delivered in the
educational segment of the department's prenatal service.
The public health educator teaches, through a group process,
the effects that smoking has on both the baby and mother
during pregnancy as well as after delivery. Pamphlets from
the American Lung Association, the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, and the Developmental Dis-
abilities Planning Council and a 6-minute slide program are
also used to reinforce the teaching. Quit Smoking Kits have
been developed and are used during the one-on-one counsel-
ing sessions by both the public health educator and the public
health nurse.

1165.  ERIE COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 606
   West Second Street, Erie, Pennsylvania 16507.

Program Title:
Health Risk Reduction Project.

Contact:

Ms. Janet Vogt, Public Health Educator
(814)454-5811 ext.374.

Description:

The Northwest Pennsylvania Coalition on Smoking and
Health is affiliated with the Erie County Department of Health.
Recent activities and accomplishments include: 1) distribu-
tion of a smoke-free kit to restaurants interested in smoke-free
dining; 2) support for and promotion of the Growing Healthy
comprehensive school health curriculum; 3) survey of schools
to determine the status of smoking education and policies on

smoking for students and school employees; and 4) distribu-
tion of a Model Policy For Smoking In The Workplace packet
to local employers and technical assistance and advice to
companies interested in developing a policy.

1166.  PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   Post Offkx Box 90, Harrlsburg, Pennsylvanla
    17109.

Program Title:
Self-Help Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Teresa V. Brown, Cancer Program Administrator
(717)787-5251.

Descrlptlon:

This program was designed to assist smoking mothers of pre-
school children attending clinics to stop smoking. It is a cost-
effective smoking cessation program that can be used by
health care professionals with minimal training and little dis-
ruption of clinic activities. The contractor, the Fox Chase Can-
cer Center, will provide training, educational materials, and
evaluation instruments to clinic sites. The program will con-
tinue at the Department of Health until December 31, 1989.
"Quitting Times: A Magazine For Women Who Smoke" and
client tip sheets are integral parts of the intervention.

1167.  PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, 1 White
   Bullding, Unlverslty Park, Pennsylvania 16802.

Program Title:

Youth Helping Youth: A Behavioral Approach To Self-Control
Of Smoking.

Contact:

Dr. Richard St. Pierre, Program Director
(814)863-0435.

Description:

This program trains instructors who then train selected senior
high school students to conduct a smoking cessation clinic
within their school setting. Training sessions are held over a
2-week period and cover the following topics: an overview of
smoking and health issues, self-control of smoking behavior,
strategies and methods to increase motivation, and structure
and format of clinic sessions. The cessation clinics are also
conducted over a2-week period with two weekly sessions and
two optional maintenance sessions in the following 2 weeks.

1168.  STUDIES ON SMOKING, INC., 125 High Street,
   Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16412.

Program Title:
SOS Stop Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

G. H. Miller, M.D., Director
(814)734-5538.

Descrlptlon:

The primary objective of the clinic is to attain a cure rate of 65-

340


75 percent at the completion of the 1 -year program'. TfW3OsP
Stop Smoking Clinics make use of lectures, films, and group
and individualized counseling. The materials come from the
extensive research of Studies on Smoking, the latest research
on smoking and health, information and materials provided by
the National health associations, and State and local smoking
and health groups. The clinics have been held in Erie County,
Pennsylvania, and in the State of lndianaforthe Cummins En-
gine Company. The clinics consist of 25 sessions over a 12-
month period with a concentration of 15 sessions during the
first 10 weeks. Participants are continually checked with a
device that measures their carbon monoxide exhalations to
determine whether they have started smoking again. In-
dividualized counseling is used to maintain permanent smok-
ing cessation for those having difficulties. At the end of the
year each participant is checked to see that smoking cessation
has been maintained.

The SOS Stop Smoking Clinics include clinics for the general
public, special clinics for business and industry, and personal-
ized clinics for long-term smoking cessation. Recently, well-
ness programs have been initiated for companies that want all
smokers to become permanent former smokers in a 2- to 5-
year period. This program will enable them to have a smoke-
free environment before the year 2000.

1169.  UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, 5KOl Forbes
   Quadrangle, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260.

Program Title:
Maximizing Adolescent Potentials.

Contact:

Carl I. Fertman, Ph.D., Executive Director
(412)648-7196.

Descrlptlon:

Maximizing Adolescent Potentials (MAPS) program focuses
on the prevention of smoking, drug, and alcohol problems
among youth. Programs that promote nonsmoking have been
developed using concepts of enhancing coping skills and
social support networks to assist children and adolescents in
dealing with their concerns about smoking. All programs are
school based. Teacher training is also available.

1170.  WELLNESS CENTER, St. Joseph Hospltal, 250
    College Avenue, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17604.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Romaine Sneath. Director
(717)291-8148.

Description:

The instructor is a respiratory, therapist trained by the
American Lung Association to present the Freedom From
Smoking program. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

PUERTO RICO

1171.   ASOCIACION PUERTORIQUENA DEL
   CORAZON, Cabo Alverlo 554, Hato Rey, Puerto
     Rico 00918.

Program Title:
Call it Quits.

Contact:

Mildred A. Merced, M.Ed., Program Director
(809)751-6595.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work and Heart
Ftx programs are available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1. In addition, the As-
sociation is making available for distribution to corporations
and workplaces a public awareness brochure, Area de Aire
Limpio, Gracias Por no Fumar (Clear Air Area, Thank You For
Not Smoking).

1172.  MAYAGUEZ PUBLIC HEALTH UNIT, PUERTO
    RICO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Western
   Health Reglon, Box 400, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
    00709.

Program Title:

Educational Program Service.

Contact:

Ms. Ada T. Capo de Colley, Medical Director
(809)832-2162 or (809)832-5053.

Description:

Patients are advised of the hazards of smoking in individual
education in the clinics and in group lectures to prenatal
patients (mostly new mothers) and diabetics. Consultation is
based on a general knowledge of the hazards of smoking,
such as the many forms of cancer, premature babies, low
weight babies, coronary heart disease, premature aging,

341


premature changes of the skin, oral decay, sinusitis, and
shortened life. Each professional has acquired this informa-

tion during the training for his or her profession by reading
journals or attending continuing medical education courses.

RHODE ISLAND

1173.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, RHODE ISLAND
   DIVISION, INC., 400 Main Street, Pawtucket,
    Rhode Island 02880-2996.

Program Mle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Program Title:                        Alan J. Ventetuob, M.M., Director of Public Education
Breaking Free.                       (401)722-8480.

Contact:

Description:

Alan J. Ventetuolo, M.Ed., Director of Public Education
(401)722-8480.

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking
cessation clinic is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

Descrlptlon:

This smoking prevention/cessation program is available to
area schools. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1177.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, RHODE ISLAND
    DIVISION, INC., 400 Main Street, Pawtucket,
    Rhode Island 02860-2996.

1174.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, RHODE ISLAND
   DIVISION, INC., 400 Main Street, Pawtucket,
    Rhode Island 02860-2996.

Program Title:
Health Myself.

Program Title:
Check ft Out.

Contact:

Alan J. Ventetuob, MM., Director of Public Education
(401)722-8480.

Contact:

Alan J. Ventetuolo, M.M., Director of Public Education
(401)722-8480.

Description:

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's Health Myself program is
offered to area schools. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

This smokeless tobacco prevention/cessation program
utilizes audiovisual and accompanying educational literature.

1175.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, RHODE ISLAND
   DIVISION, INC., 400 Main Street, Pawtucket,
    Rhode Island 02860-2996.

1178.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, RHODE ISLAND
   DIVISION, INC., 400 Main Street, Pawtucket,
    Rhode Island 02860-2996.

Program Title:

Program Title:

Starting Free: Good Air For Me.

Dangers Of Smoking And Benefits Of Quitting.

Contact:

Contact:

Alan J. Ventetuolo, M.Ed., Director of Public Education
(401)722-8480.

Alan J. Ventetuolo, M.Ed., Director of Public Education
(401)722-8480.

Descrlptlon:

Description:

This educational program addresses physical, psychological,
and social problems associated with tobacco use. The im-
mediate and long-term benefits of quitting smoking are dis-
cussed as well as the hazardous health effects of passive
smoking. Speakers, audiovisual aids, and supporting
educational literature are used.

This smoking prevention program is offered to area schools.
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1179.  BLUE CROSS AND BLUE SHIELD OF RHODE IS
   LAND, 444 Westminster Mall, Providence, Rhode
    Island 02901.

1176.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, RHODE ISLAND
   DIVISION, INC., 400 Main Street, Pawtucket,
    Rhode Island 02860-2996.

Program Title:
In Control.

342


Contact:

Ms. Lois Gardner, Manager, Corporate Training and
Development
(401)272-8500.

Description:

A six-session program conducted by the In Control Stop
Smoking Center of Cranston, Rhode Island, has been offered
to all employees. The program combines a variety of techni-
ques. In addition, Blue Cross and Blue Shield offers a stress
management program to all employees. This four-session
program includes information and activities on stress
reduction, nutrition, fitness, and lifestyles.

1180.  IN CONTROL STOP SMOKING CENTER, 1013
    Reservolr Avenue, Cranston, Rhode Island
     02910.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking Program.

Contact:

Ms. Gail Weisberg, Program Coordinator
(401)943-6690.

Description:

The program consists of six 1 -hour sessions (one on a Tues-
day and then Monday through Friday the following week). The
course indudes behavior modification; Dynamic Mind Recon-
ditioning, a cassette system to use at home; psychology of ad-
diction; stress handling; weight control as it applies to quitting
smoking; physical changes; misconceptions people have; and
the biochemistry. The Center's program is done on-site in in-
dustry, insurance companies, and hospitals throughout the
United States and Canada. Companies either have the
Center's staff come to their companies or are trained to per-
form the program. One hundred and fifty companies are
presently using this system.

1181.  RHODE ISLAND GROUP HEALTH ASSOCIA-
   TION, 530 North Main Street, Providence, Rhode
     Island 02904.

Program Title:
Agreement to Quit.

Contact:

Ms. Patriiia 0. Blenkiron, Manager, Health Education and
Health Programs
(401)732-0300.

Dsscrlptlon:

A contract is signed with the clinical provider by Rhode Island
Group Health Association members ready to quit. They are
sent information by mail and followed up by telephone for
1 month.

1182.  RHODE ISLAND GROUP HEALTH ASSOCIA-
   TION, 530 North Maln Street, Providence, Rhode
     Island 02904.

Program Title:
Quit Smoking Workshop.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia 0. Blenkiron, Manager, Health Education and
Health Programs
(401)732-0300.

Description:

Smokers who wish to quit meet for 6 weeks to learn about the
hazards of smoking and to provide each other with group sup-
port while quitting. A positive approach emphasizing the
benefits of quitting is used. Other topics discussed include an
individual's reasons for smoking and for quitting, the
anticipated withdrawal symptoms and how to handle them,
relaxation and exercise techniques, and how not to gain
weight while quitting smoking. In addition to the six sessions,
there are optional monthly followup sessions to check on
progress and provide suppori and reinforcement.

1193.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
    Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Pati 1.

1184.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
    Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Tttle:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

Description:

Trained staff help companies develop a comprehensive ap-
proach to reducing smoking at the workplace. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1185.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Mle:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

343


Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1186.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-8487.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

11`87.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's In Control video program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1188.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:

Lungs Are For Life.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Lungs Are For Life program
is used. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1189.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-8487.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
is offered for youth. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1190.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:

Octopuff In Kumquat.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-8487.

Description:

The American Lung Association's "Octopuff In Kumquat" film
and materials are available. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1191.  RHODE: ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:
Smokers In Transition.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

Description:

Smokers In Transition is a followup maintenance group for
people who have stopped smoking and are in transition to a
nonsmoking lifestyle. Groups meet regularly at various
locations in the State.

1192.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
   Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1193.  RHODE ISLAND LUNG ASSOCIATION, 10 Abbott
    Park Place, Providence, Rhode Island 02903.

Program Title:
Tobacco-Free Young America Project.

Contact:

Mr. Claude LaBrosse, Program Coordinator
(401)421-6487.

344


Dascrlption:

For more information about the Tobacco-Free Young America
Project, 808 the detailed program description in Part 1.

1194.  RHODE ISLAND STATE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, Office of Hulth PromotIon, 75 Davis
   Street, Room 103, Pcovidenco, Rhode Island
    02908.

Program Mk:

High School Smoking Education.

COntad:

Ms. Amy L Savastano, Program Ccordinator
(461)277-6957.

Deecrlptlon:

The Smoking Education program improves heatth knowledge
and provides a positive rule model for a healthful behavior
change. Theprogramconsistsoftwodassroomvisftsto
cover the topics of physical hazards, pregnancy and smoking,
smokeless tobacco, secondhand smoka, advertising, and
laws concerning smoking. Materials used indude a film, an
Ecolyzercarbon monoxide tester, posters, Squeezsy lung
demonstratbn, and pre- and posttests.

1195.  RHODE ISLAND STATE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, Offloa of Health Promotion, 103 Can-
   non Bulldlng, 75 DavkStraat, Providenca, Rhode
    kland 02966.                 .

Progralnntk:
High School Smoking Survey.

COMCt:

Robert M. Cabral, Ph.D., Program Coordinator
(401)277-6957.

Desoflptlon:

The High School Smoking Survey is a standardized questbn-
naire designed to measure attitudes, knowledge, and be-
havior regarding cigarette smoking. Students are questioned
on family smoking behaviors, beliefs about the harmful effects
of smoking, extent of usage, age of onset, and reasons they
would quit. All lnformatbn regarding the survey and results is
confidentiai. Participating schools receive data analyses on
their own students along with comparative summaries repre-   .
senting ail &oole in the survey. Survey results provide infor-
mation to school administrators for developing smoking
polbiaa, curricula, and other activities related to health
aducatbn. The data aiso allow for trend analysis over time.

1195.  RHODE ISLAND STATE DEPARTMENT OF
   HEALTH, Offlca of Health Promotlon, 103 Can-
   non Bulldlng,75 Davls Street, Providence, Rhode
    lslandO2908.

Progmnl ma:

Youth Council On Smoking.

                           .I.
Contact:

h4s. Amy L Benevides, Program Coordinator
(461)277-6957.

Daaorlptlon:

The Youth Council on Smoking ia a cross-age teaching
Program that trains high school students to discuss the
hazards of smoking with elementary school children. The high
school training consists of four sessions. The elementary
school visita consist of two sessions in 2 -consecutive -weeks
that include an explanatbn of physical and emotional hazards
of smoking and a preparation of children for dscisiin making
regarding cigarettes. the materlals ,used include films,
posters, and Squeezey lungs.

solmicARoLlNA

1197. AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, SOUTH
   CAROLINA DMSION, INC., 2214 Devlno Street,
   Columbia, South Carolina 29205.

1155.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, SOUTH
   CAROUNA AFFILIATE, 400 Percival Road, Post
   Office Box 6604, Columbla, South Carollna
    29266.

comrct:

yG%&$ran, Senior Vka President for Education
          .
f-+bfl:

The Herman Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
free of charge to all partbbanta. For more informatbn, see
the dMbd program daacriptkn in Part 1.

COIltWt:
Ms. Mary Beth Schultz, Program Associate
(803)736-9540.

DWCdpth:
The American Lung Association's In Control video&ssette
program is available to the general public. For more
information, sas the detailed program description in Part 1.

345


1199.  BRUCE HOSPITAL SYSTEM, The Fitness Forum
   Health and Weliness Center, 121 East Cedar
   Street, Florence, South Carolina, 29501.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Robin D. Hutchinson, Community Relations Director and
Karen Kemper, M.S.P.H.

(803)661-3785 and (803)661-3875.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

1200.  CATAWBA PUBLIC HEALM DISTRICT, Post Of-
   fice Box 817, Lancaster, South Carollna 29720.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Jacque Linderman, R.N., C.D.E., Program Coordinator
(803)286-9948.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered to the general public, on an as requested
basis. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1201.  CATAWBA PUBLIC HEALTH DISTRICT, Post Of-
   flee Box 817, Lancaster, South Caroilna 29720.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Jacque Linderman, R.N., C.D.E., Program Coordinator
(803)286-9948.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to city employees and health department patients. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1202.  CATAWBA PUBLIC HEALTH DISTRICT, Post Of-
   fice Box 817, Lancaster, South Carolina 29720.

Program Title:
Smoker Chart Tag.

Contact:

Joyce B. Brown, R.N., P.N.S., Program Coordinator
(803)286-9948.

Description:
The charts of all health department patients who smoke are
tagged with red smoker labels. This is done to alert all staff
members to deliver reinforcement for smoking cessation.

1202.  CATAWBA PUBLIC HEALTH DISTRICT, Post Of-
    fice Box 817, Lancaster, South Carolina 29720.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy Prenatal Class.

Contact:

Ms. Deedy Smith, He&h Educator
(803)324-7521.

Description:

This class is taught to prenatal patients once a quarter.
Patients are taught the ill effects smoking has on their own
bodies as well as on their babies. The ways one can be
hooked on cigarettes, approaches to quitting, and coping skills
for withdrawal symptoms are discussed. For those who seek
additional help, referrals are made to the FreshStart program.

1204.  SOUTH CAROLINADEPARTMENTOFHEALTH
   AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, 2600 Bull
    Street, Columbia, South Caroilna 29201.

Program Title:

Cardiovascular Disease Prevention - Community-Based
Intervention.

Contact:

Ms. Maria Whitehead, Project Director
(803)734-4790.

Description:

The purpose of the grant is to implement and evaluate a com-
munity-based cardiovascular disease risk reduction program
with the hope that the model developed can be replicated with
even fewer resources and disseminated in South Carolina and
elsewhere.

Program implementation will begin shortly in Florence using
community resources and directed by a coordinating commit-
tee of Florence leaders. One of the behaviors targeted for in-
tervention is smoking. Since Florence is in the center of South
Carolina's tobacco belt, as well as stroke and heart disease
belt, the manner and enthusiasm with which smoking cessa-
tion is pursued within this community will be very interesting
to observe.

1205.  SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
   AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, Office of
   Health Education, 2600 Bull Street, Columbia,
    South Caroilna 29201.

Program Mie:
Carolina Healthstyle.

346


Contact:

Ms. Dorothy Maysey, Health Education Consultant
(803)734-4650.

Description:

Carolina Healthstyle is the name given to the State employee
wellness program. Carolina Healthstyle staff have been work-
ing with the various wellness committees to develop smoking
cessation programs and agency smoking policies. A number
of agencies have provided programs to their staff and
developed their own smoking policies.

Carolina Healthstyle has been evaluated by administering a
lengthy questionnaire that includes a variety of health
knowledge, behavior, and behavioral intent questions. It has
been administered to a random sample of State employees in
the Columbia area. Analysis has been done on smoking from
the first two administrations of the questionnaire: smoking did
not decrease, but the number of cigarettes smoked by
smokers did decrease.

1206.   SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
    AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, 2600 Bull
    Street, Columbia, South Caroilna 29201.

Program Tltie:

Preconception Intervention Project.

Contact:

Ms. Marion Clark, Health Educator III
(803)536-9060.

Description:

Family planning patients are risk assessed when they come
for services. They are given written materials on their risk be-
haviors and steps to make changes. lf they are interested in
change, they are counseled by asocial worker (Upper Savan-
nah) or referred to a class in the community (Edisto).

1207.  SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
    AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, 2600 Bull
   Street, Columbia, South Carolina, 29201.

Program Title:
Prenatal Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Kelli Schroeder, Health Educator Ill, East Midlands Health
District
(803)734-8959.

Description:

When prenatals come to the Health Department for care and
are identified as smokers, the health educator provides coun-
seling and instruction on how to use the Richard Windsor
booklet, Prenatal Smoking Cessation. Followup is done by
the nursing staff. The purchase of the Windsor booklets was
funded by a March of Dimes grant.

1208.  SOUM CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
    AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL, Office of
    Health Education, 2600 Bull Street, Columbia,
     South Caroilna 29201.

Program Tltle:
Prenatal Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Sara Jo Moore, Health Educator Ill, Appalachia I Health
District
(803)225-3731.

Description:

Prenatals, upon entry into prenatal care, are assessed as to
smoking behavior and number of cigarettes smoked. Those
who smoke are targeted for specific interventions that include
behavioral contracting and followup discussions at each visit.
Incentives to stop smoking and cues to action are included.

1209.  YORK COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Post
    Office Box 3057 CRS, Rock Hill, South Carollna
     29730.

Program Tltie:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Deedy Smith, Health Educator
(803)324-7521.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

SOUTH DAKOTA

1210.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, SOUTH    Contact:
    DAKOTA DIVISION, INC., 1025 North Mlnnesota   Ms. Olive Rissky, Education Chairman
   Avenue, Hillcrest Plaza, Sioux Falls, South   (605)996-7286.
     Dakota 57104.

Program Title:
Smoke/Tobacco-Free Young America.

Description:

This is an ongoing public education program aimed at voca-
tional educational students aged 17 to 21, to discourage

347


teenage students from beginning to smoke or to encourage
them to quit if they have already begun. Smokeless tobacco
is also addressed as a health hazard.

1211.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, SOUTH
   DAKOTA DIVISION, INC., 1025 North Minnesota
   Avenue, Hillcrest Plaza, Sioux Falls, South
     Dakota 57104.

Program Tttle:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Olive Rissky, Education Chairman
(605)996-7286.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1212.   BLACK HILLS HEALTH AND EDUCATiON CEN-
   TER, Post Office Box 1, Hermosa, South Dakota
     57744.

Program Title:
Wellness Program.

Contact:

Mr. Klaus Irrgang, Program Coordinator
(605)255-4101.

Description:

A residential 12-day lifestyle program with special attention
given to persons who want to give up smoking, the program
focuses on the whole person, including the physical, mental,
social, and spiritual aspects. The benefits experienced far ex-
ceed quitting smoking: nutritional habits are altered, exercise
tolerance is increased, an individual exercise prescription is
given, and better stress management techniques are learned.
Followup is also provided.

1213.  RAPID CITY REGIONAL HOSPITAL INC., 353
   Falrmont Boulevard, Rapid City, South Dakota
    57701.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Mardi Beaumont, Coordinator
(605)341-l 905.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniquesto prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

1214.  RAPID CITY REGIONAL HOSPITAL, INC., 353
   Fairmont Boulevard, Rapld City, South Dakota
    57701.

Program Title:

Stay Well/How To Quit Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Mardi Beaumont, Coordinator
(605)341-l 905.

Description:

Stay Well/How to Quit Smoking is a 7-week program using be-
havior modification techniques.

1215.  SOUTH DAKOTA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
   Joe Foss Bulldlng, 523 East Capitol, Pierre,
    South Dakota 57501.3182.

Program ntie:
Tobacco Initiatives.

Contact:

Lynne Post, M.P.H., Director, Health Education/Promotion
(605)773-3361.

Description:

The South Dakota Department of Health, in its efforts at tobac-
co program development, is a member of HEALTHNET, a
Statewide coalition focused toward Smoke-Free Society by
the Year 2000. The Department also acts as a resource to
the community, businesses, State government, and others
regarding smoke-free policy development and other issues
regarding tobacco programs, such as implementation, cessa-
tion, and evaluation. In fiscal year 1988, the Department will
be developing a new Health Promotion Unit that will have, as
part of its program agenda, a specific tobacco initiative
section.

1216.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)336-7222.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1217.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57102-
    1099.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

340


Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)366-7222.

Description:
Smoking cessation programs are available at 29 sites
throughout South Dakota, using the American Lung
Association's tested program. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1218.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Fails, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinic Leader Training.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)336-7222.

Description:

The American Lung Association encourages staff, volunteers,
and paid leaders to attend a l-l&day training program for
those interested in becoming clinic leaders. By the end of the
training program for clinic leaders, participants will be able to:
1) clariiy the role of smoking cessation clinics within the total
Freedom From Smoking (FFS) program; 2) describe the
theoretical/philosophical basis for the methodology used in
conducting the FFS clinic; 3) identify techniques for helping in-
dividuals select the smoking cessation program best suited to
their needs; and 4) practice solving problems related to the
behavior of FFS clinic participants.

1219.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)366-7222.

Description:

This 32page manual is a self-help program designed to as-
sist a pregnant woman in quitting smoking in 10 days. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1220.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
    13th Street, Sioux Fails, South Dakota 57102-
    1099.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)X96-7222.

Description:

As a new component to the American Lung Association's
Smoke-Free Family campaign, this N-page manual assists
smokers in kicking the habit. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1221.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Fails, South Dakota 57102-
    1 OQQ.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help Manuals,

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consuftant
(603)336-7222.

Description:

This set of two colorful guides to the quitting process includes
a step-by-step approach to quitting and a guide to reinforcing
and maintaining the participant's decision to quit. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1222.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Fails, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:
Heafth Fairs.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)366-7222.

Description:

The South Dakota Lung Association participates in over 30
health fairs each year, featuring special exhibits and computer
programs that lead participants through a self-test, using the
Smokescreen program, and others.

1223.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Fails, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:
in Control.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)336-7222.

Description:

The in Control videocassette program is offered. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1224.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Fails, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

349


Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)366-7222.

Description:
The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1225.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
    13th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:
Recess And Time Out.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)366-7222.

Description:

This is a children's health newspaper, distributed four times a
year to all children in South Dakota in grades 3 through 6. Fea-
ture articles emphasize good health and wise health choices.

1226.  SOUTH DAKOTA LUNG ASSOCIATION, 208 East
   13th Street, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57102-
     1099.

Program Title:
Smokescreen.

Contact:

Mr. Robert Roby, Field Consultant
(603)366-7222.

Description:

The South Dakota Lung Association has computerized smok-
ing education progra?ns for students in grades 7 through 12,
developed by the American Lung Association of Minnesota
and the Minnesota Educational Computing Consortium.
Smokescreen is comprehensive. There are six programs on
one disk and graphics are used. Students can compute the
exact cost of smoking, discover each brand's carbon
monoxide content, and learn about marijuana. Smokescreen
can be used in the classroom, smoking cessation clinics,
patient education classes, and at health fairs. Equipment re-
quired is an Apple computer (11 .ll + 11 e), disk drive, and
color or black-and-white monitor.

1227.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, TENNESSEE
   DIVISION, INC., 1315 Elghth Avenue South,
   Nashville, Tennessee 37203.

Program Title:
Why Quit Quiz.

Contact:

Mr. Jim Carrigan, Director of Public Education
(615)2551ACS.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's Why Quit Quiz is used. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1228.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, TENNESSEE
   DIVISION, INC., 1315 Eighth Avenue South,
    Nashville, Tennessee 37203.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Jim Carrigan, Director of Public Education
(615)255-l ACS.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is

TENNESSEE

available as requested. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1229.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEN-
   NESSEE, 1717 West End Avenue, Suite 201, Post
   Office Box 399, Nashville, Tennessee 37202.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Manuals.

Contact:

Mr. William F. Bus-se, Executive Director
(615)329-1151.

Description:

The program is presented in the form of two manuals:
Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days, helps a person stop
smoking and the second, A Lifetime Of Freedom From Smok-
ing, helps a person stay off cigarettes. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1,

1230.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEN-
   NESSEE, 1717 West End Avenue, Suite 201, Post
   Office Box 399, Nashville, Tennessee 37202.

Program Tltle:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

350


Contact:

Mr. William F. Busse, Executive Director
(615)329-l 151.

Descrlptlon:
The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1231.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEN-
   NESSEE, 1717 West End Avenue, Suite 201, Post
    Offlce Box 399, Nashville, Tennessee 37202.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. William F. Busse, Executive Director
(615)329-l 151.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's group cessation clinics are
offered. Community-based programs are held periodically in
each region or they may be available through a local health
care facility or at a worksite. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1232.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEN-
   NESSEE, 1717 West End Avenue, Suite 201, Post
    Office Box 399, Nashville, Tennessee 37202.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Mr. William F. Busse, Executive Director
(615)329-l 151.

Desorlptlon:

The American Lung Association's worksite cessation and
policy development program is offered. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1233.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEN-
   NESSEE, 1717 West End Avenue, Suite 201, Post
   Office Box 399, Nashville, Tennessee 37202.

Program Title:
Smoking Prevention.

Contact:

Mr. William F. Busse, Executive Director
(615)329-l 151.

Desorlptlon:

The American Lung Association of Tennessee disseminates
to the schools and other community organizations facts
relevant to the dangers of starting to smoke and urges children
to maintain good health habits. The Association promotes, in
elementary schools, the Growing Healthy comprehensive
health curriculum, which emphasizes the need for good health
habits and increasesthe knowledgeof the harm that can come

to a person who smokes. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1. The Association also
assists in promoting legislation to curb smoking in public
places.

1234.  CARTER-UNICOI-JOHNSON HEALTH DISTRICT,
    TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   ENVIRONMENT, Post Office Box 788, Holston
   and G Street, Elizabethton, Tennessee 37643.

Program Title:

Tobacco Use Prevention Program.

Contact:

Mr. Terry Henson, School Health Educator
(615)543-2521.

Descrlptlon:

The Tobacco Use Prevention Program is a week-long, 5-hour
program presented to all grade-5 students in the Carter Coun-
ty School System. Students learn the risks and effects of
tobacco use, including the correlation between tobacco use
and cardiorespiratory diseases and cancers. The program in-
cludes student workbooks - Using Tobacco, Is It For Me; a
variety of audiovisual aids such as books, pamphlets, slides,
posters, films, anatomical models, and laboratory smokers;
role playing, games and demonstrations, lectures, group dis-
cussions, and question and answer sessions. Surveys given
before the program and at the end of the school year assess
changes in students' attitudes and behavior.

1235.  CHATTANOOGA-HAMILTON COUNTY HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 921 East Third Street,
    Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403-2165.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

William D. Ulmer, M.A., Chairman, Health Promotion and
Wellness.
(615)757-2065.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered a minimum of three times per year to the
general community and employees of area businesses. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1236.  CHATTANOOGA-HAMILTON COUNTY HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 921 East Third Street,
   Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403-2165.

Program Title:
Living Smokelessly.

Contact:

William D. Ulmer, M.A., Chairman, Health Promotion and
Wellness
(615)757-2065.

351


Description:

A minimum of three 1 -hour programs is presented quarterly to
college students, high school students, community/civic
groups, and high-risk minority groups. The program consists
of general presentations and focuses on awareness, the dis-
tribution of educational materials, and the identification of area
resources and referrals.

1237.  CHATTANOOGA-HAMILTON COUNTY HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 921 East Third Street,
   Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403-2165.

Program Title:
Smokeless Tobacco.

Contact:

William D. Ulmer, M.A., Chairman, Health Promotion and
Wellness
(615)757-2065.

Description:

For the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment,
the Chattanooga-Hamilton County health department
provides a program on smokeless tobacco to students in
grades 5 and 6 in the town of Sale Creek. The program begins
with a pretest questionnaire on smoking, tobacco products
and new State and National tobacco laws. A l-hour lecture is
given for 4 consecutive days. The materials used include
word search worksheets, posters, and pamphlets, voluntary
posters, and homeroom door decorating inspired by a contest.
This program receives local media coverage.

1238.  CLARKSVILLE-MONTGOMERY COUNTY
   HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Box 1026, Clarksville,
     Tennessee 37040.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Elaine Horn, Health Promotion
(615)645-9016.

Description:

The Smoking Cessation Program is offered three times year-
ly and when requested. The program is available to hospital
employees, prenatals, industries, and any interested groups
from the community. The program's objectives are immediate
cessation or reduction in smoking and maintenance of cessa-
tion. Lectures, films, pamphlets, worksheets, displays, and
homework assignments are all utilized.

1239.  EASTTENNESSEE REGIONAL HEALTH OFFICE,
   Post Office Box 59019, Knoxville, Tennessee
    3795-9019.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation Courses.

Contact:

Ms. Kay Burtnett, Health Promotion Coordinator and Ms.
Teresa Garren, School Heakh Educator
(615)546-9221.

Description:

High school students who smoke, dip, or chew tobacco
products on school grounds are offered smoking cessation
courses as an alternative to detention. The students attend
five classes either before or after school taught by the School
Health Educator..

1240.  EASTTENNESSEE REGIONAL HEALTH OFFICE,
   Post Offlce Box 59019, Knoxville, Tennessee
     37959819.

Program Title:
Smokeless Toba.cco Education.

Contact:

Ms. Kay Burtnett, Heath Promotion Coordinator and Ms.
Teresa Garren, School Health Educator
(615)546-9221.

Description:

There are three lessons on the dangers of smokeless tobac-
co products presented to students in grades 6 through 8. The
program provides education for both intervention and
cessation.

1241.  FIRST TENNESSEE REGIONAL HEALTH OF-
   FICE, 1233 Southwest Avenue Extenslon,
   Johnscn City, Tennessee 37605-2966.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Lesa L. Dotson, Director, Heafth Promotion
(615)929-5900.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are made available to worksites and the community
upon request. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1242.  FIRST TENNESSEE REGIONAL HEALTH OF-
   FICE, 1233 Southwest Avenue Extension,
   Johnson Clty, Tennessee 37605-2966.

Program Title:
Smoking Policy .Survey.

Contact:

Ms. Dallas Jones, Public Health Educator Ill
(615)928-7125.

352


Description:

A telephone survey is being conducted by health educators at
the Washington County Health Department. The goal is to
contact all area businesses and industries to ascertain
worksite policies on smoking and to gauge interest in provid-
ing smoking cessation programming. Surveys will be tabu-
lated upon completion and a report submitted to the Medical
Director of the Washington County Health Department and the
Health Promotion Director of the First Tennessee Regional
Health Office.

1243.  FIRST TENNESSEE REGIONAL HEALTH OF-
   FICE, 1233 Southwest Avenue Extension,
   Johnson City, Tennessee 376016519.

Program Title:

Using Tobacco: Is It For Me?

Contact:

Ms. Terry Henson, Public Health Educator II, Carter County
and Ms. Tina Wilson, Public Health Educator II, Hawkins
County

(615)543-2521 and (615)272-7641.

Description:

A teaching unit is offered 1 hour each day for 5 days to all
grade-5 students in the Carter County, Rogersville City, and
Hawkins County school systems. The main focus of this
program is to diminish the problem of adolescent tobacco use
through preventive educational strategies and techniques that
will help increase knowledge and awareness of the risk fac-
tors. The program specifically addresses the health effects of
tobacco usage and the decision-making process. Tobacco
products that are discussed include cigarettes, cigars, pipe
tobacco, chewing tobacco, and snuff. The overall gcal of this
program is to enable the student to make responsible,
informed decisions regarding his or her own health.

1244.  HCA REGIONAL HOSPITAL OF JACKSON, 49
   Old Hickory Boulevard East, Jackson,
    Tennessee 38305.

Program Title:

HCA Smoking Cessation Program.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah Mills, Director of Education
(901)668-2100.

Descrlptton:

The HCA Smoking Cessation Program utiliz&s a systematic
series of copyrighted procedures that effectively neutralize the
desire for tobacco. It is a total lifestyle approach to smoking
cessation that consists of behavior modification, stress
management, coping skills, and weight control. It addresses
cigarette smoking from psychological, physiological,
sociological, and behavioral perspectives.

1245.  HOLSTON VALLEY HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL
   CENTER, Post Offlce Box 238, Klngsport,
    Tennessee 37662.

Program Tftle:

The Effects Of Smoking On The Respiratory System.

Contact:

Ms. Penny Hensley, Respiratory Nurse
(615)246-3322.

Description:

At the request of his or her physician, an inpatient views a
synchronized slide-tape presentation on the hazards of smok-
rng, the reasons why people choose to smoke, and the ways
in which a person can kick the habit. The smoker is
encouraged to kick the nicotine habit in order to become a
healthier person. Along with the slide-tape presentation, the
program contains a pre- and posttest, a list of objectives, a
fact sheet, and a glossary. Although this module was
designed for use as a patient education program, it may also
be used with community groups interested in a short-term
stop-smoking program.

1246.  HOLSTON VALLEY HOSPITAL AND MEDICAL
   CENTER, Post Office Box 238, West Ravine
   Street, Kingsport, Tennessee 37662.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking Program.

Contact:

Mr. Marty Runyan, Health Educator, Department of Education
(615)229-7779.

Descrlptlon:

Six structured educational sessions conducted by a group
leader expedite the cessation process by providing under-
standing of the hazards of smoking and of the reasons why a
particular individual chooses to smoke. Once these factors
are understood, a methodology of quitting is taught, and a
spirit of group support emerges. At the completion of the
program, participants are able to list three diseases that have
a direct relationship to cigarette smoking, evaluate personal
baseline pulmonary functions, and identify resources that
provide ongoing support for those who have stopped smok-
ing. The program uses various pamphlets and materials sup-
plied by the American Cancer Society, the American Heart
Association, and the American Lung Association. In addition,
two films about smoking are shown. A followup evaluation is
made to determine the percentage of participants who have
stopped smoking or have reduced the number of cigarettes
that they smoke.

1247.  NORTHWEST REGIONAL OFFtCE, TENNESSEE
    DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRON-
   MENT, Post Office Box 190, 1010 Mount Zlon
   Road, Unlon City, Tennessee 38261.

Program Title:
Clearing The Air.

Contact:

Sammie S. Walker, R.N., Health Promotion Coordinator
(901)885-7700.

353


Description:

A workshop in strategies and resources for smoking cessa-
tion is offered to health care providers and representatives
from local industry interested in health promotion and smok-
ing cessation.

1248.  NORTHWEST REGIONAL OFFICE, TENNESSEE
    DEPARTMENT OF HEAL-R-f AND EDUCATION,
    Post Office Box 190, 1010 Mount Zion Road,
    Union City, Tennessee 38281.

Program Tttle:

Smoking Prevention Program.

Contact:

Sammie S. Walker, R.N., Health Promotion Coordinator
(901)855-7700.

Description:

For the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment,
the Northwest Regional Off ice provides a smoking prevention
program to students in grades 5 through 8 in Carroll County.
The program consists of a 15-minute lecture on smokeless
tobacco and a 40-minute videotape on smokeless tobacco. In
addition, a questionnaire is given on usage of smokeless
tobacco to be used as baseline data for health education.

1249.  SOUTH CENTRAL REGION, TENNESSEE
     DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRON-
    MENT, Health Promotion Section, 100 Ninth
    Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee3721 Q-5405.

Program Title:
Smokeless Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Lee Johnson, Health Promotion Coordinator
(615)741.7300.

Description:

in the South Central Region, there aretwo cohnties that main-
tain asmokeless tobacco program. Lewis County Elementary
School gives this program to the grade 4 and 5 classes, while
the schools in Marshall County provide it only to the grade 5
students. For both counties the program is the same. it
begins with a pretest to assess the students' knowledge of
smokeless tobacco and then there are weekly 1 -hour classes
for the 6 subsequent weeks. Visual aids such as Mr. Gross
Mouth, Smokey Sue, and a videotape called Smokeless
Tobacco: The Real Truth are used. The program also con-
sists of a lecture on self-esteem and a final posttest to deter-
mine how much the students have learned about smokeless
tobacco.

1250.  SOUTHEAST REGIONAL OFFICE, TENNESSEE
    DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRON-
   MENT, 2501 Miine Avenue, Chattanooga,
    Tennessee 37406-3399.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Shariinda S. Turner, M.D., Director
(615)624-9921.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
Program is offered to the general community, upon demand,
in ail 10 of the counties the Regional Office serves. its
availability is advertised in news releases and worksite weli-
ness programs. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1251.  TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   ENVIRONMENT, Health Promotion Section, 100
    Ninth Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee
     3721 g-5405.

Program Title:

Activities To Promote Nonsmoking.

Contact:

Ms. Connie Pearson, Worksite Weiiness Director
(615)741-7366.

Description:

The State of Tennessee continues to place emphasis on
reducing the use of tobacco products through its school
health, health promotion, prenatal, and adult wellness
programs. in December 1986, a Statewide educational cam-
paign designed to increase the public's awareness of the risks
associated with the use of smokeless tobacco was launched.
in March 1987, summary data of the Teen Weiiness Check
Research Project revealed that a higher percentage of teen
males in Tennessee used smokeless tobacco (23 percent)
than smoked (19 percent). Timely school heaith projects, piac-
ing emphasis on the use of smokeless tobacco, had already
begun in 5 of Tennessee's 13 public health regions. The
Health Promotion Section continues to offer smoking cessa-
tion classes in several regional health offices in conjunction
with its Adut Weliness Program.

1252.  TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
    ENVIRONMENT, Heaith Promotlon Section, 100
    Ninth Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee
     3721 g-5405.

Program Tltie:

intensified Nutri,tion Education For Women, infants, And
Children Prenatals.

Contact:

Ms. Moiseile Peay, Nutrition Education Coordinator
(615)741-7218.

Description:

The Tennessee Department of Health and Environment
program, Women, infants, and Children (WIC) has imple-
mented a pilot nutrition education project designed to deter-
mine the effect of intensified versus standard current
Tennessee WIG Inutrition education on WIG prenatal clients in

354


four Tennessee counties. One desired resuit of this program
is an increase in the percentage of women in the test groups
who quit smoking and/or decrease smoking. Currently 43 per-
cent of the women in the four counties in east Tennessee
smoke. To make counseling as consistent as possible and to
provide general topical guidelines, five instructional modules
were developed for this project in conjunction with east Ten-
nessee nutriiionists. One of these modules instructs on the
effects of smoking on unborn babies and the need for smok-
ing cessation. Counselors will provide smoking cessation
counseling using the American Lung Association (ALA) smok-
ing cessation package, ALA flip chart, and Your Health is in
Your Hands, a health department flyer.

1253.  UPPER CUMBERLAND REGIONAL OFFICE,
    TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   ENVIRONMENT, Health Promotion Sectlon, 100
   Ninth Avenue North, Nashvlile, Tennessee
    37219-5485.

Program Title:
Smokeless Tobacco.

Contact:

Ms. Nina Whitfield, Health Promotion
(615)528-7531.

Description:

The Upper Cumberiand Region sponsors a Smokeless
Tobacco program for grade-6 students at Fox Elementary
School in Red Boiling Springs (Macon County). The program
begins with a pretest and two lectures about smokeiesstobac-
co and its effects. The lectures are supported by handouts,
discussions on the consequences of using tobacco, a
posttest, and the following films: "Don't Take The Risk," "The
Haunted Mouth," and "Check It Out."

1254.  TENNESSEE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
   ENVIRONMENT, Health Promotion Section, 100
   Ninth Avenue North, Nashville, Tennessee
    3721 g-5495.

Program Tltie:
Smoking Cessation Classes.

Contact:

Ms. Beverly Bitterman, Acting Director, Employee Health
Service
(615)741-7366.

Description:

The Employee Health Service (EHS) offers smoking cessa-
tion classes four times a year to State employees. State
employees are permitted, according tothe Departmentof Per-
sonnel, to use work time to attend class twice a week for 3
weeks. Each class lasts 2 hours. The EHS uses a group
structure and foiiowup classes are available upon request.
Class participants choose when and how often they want to
return for motivation. Course content includes a variety of
strategies modified from the American Lung Association's
Guide For Clinic Leaders - Freedom From Smoking. The
EHS program differs because of the inclusion of a com-
puterized health risk appraisal, which is a graphic display cai-
cuiating the effect that cigarette smoking and other heaith risk
behaviors have on overall heaith age. Other strategies used
in the EHS program include the use of films, nutritionists, and
fitness specialists as guest speakers, and everyone's favorite
treat - ail the ice water with lemon they can drink. A heavy
emphasis is placed on the use of behavioral change contracts.
These written commitmentsthat identify outcome behaviorare
secured during the first meeting but may be changed at any
time.

1255.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, TEXAS    1256.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, TEXAS
   DIVISION, INC., 2433 Ridgepoint Drive-A, Post       DIVISION, INC., 2433 Ridgepoint Drive-A, Post
   Off Ice Box 9883, Austln, Texas 78766.            Office Box 9863, Austin, Texas 78766.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Program Tttle:
School Smoking Prevention.

Contact:

Contact:

Mr. James Morgan, Associate Vie President for Programs
(512)928-2262.

Mr. James Morgan, Associate Vice President for Programs
(512)928-2262.

Description:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.                        Smokeout is held.

Description:
Smoking prevention programs a.re sponsored for preschool
through high school students. Free kits are provided to the
schools and each year in November the Great American

355


1257.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, Post Offlce
   Box 15188, Austln, Texas 78761.

Program Title:
in Control.

Contact:

Ms. Amy Martin, Program Assistant
(512)836-7220.

Description:

The American Lung Association videocassette, in Control, is
available for loan or purchase through this American Heart
Association office. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1258.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, Post Offlce
   Box 15186, Austin, Texas 78761.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Amy Martin, Program Assistant
(512)836-7220.

Description:

The Save A Sweet Heart program of the American Heart
Association is offered free to junior and senior high school stu-
dents and is run by the students themselves. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1259.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, DALLAS
   AREA, Park Central I, 7816 LBJ Freeway, Suite
   100, Dallas, Texas 75251.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Janis Reich, Program Director
(214)239-LUNG.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is used as well as the in Control videocassette. For
more information, see the detailed program descriptions in
Part 1.

1260.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, DALLAS
   AREA, Park Central I, 7616 LBJ Freeway, Suite
    100, Dallas, Texas 75251.

Program Mle:

Freedom From Smoking At Work And Public Places.

Contact:

Ms. Janis Reich, Program Director
(214)239-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

Literature, audkvisuais, and consultation are available for
employers, employees, and concerned citizens wanting to
develop policies to create smoke-free environments in the
workplace or in public places.

1281.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, DALLAS
   AREA, Park Central I, 7616 LBJ Freeway, Sulte
   100, Dallas, Texas 75251.

Program Tltio:
Lungs Are For Life.

Contact:

Ms. Janis Reich, Program Director
(214)239-LUNG.

Description:

This program is composed of four heafth curriculum modules
for students in kindergarten and grades 1 through 4. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1262.  AMERlCAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, DALLAS
   AREA, Park Central I, 7816 LBJ Freeway, Suite
    100, Dallas, Texas 75251.

Program Title:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Janis Reich, Program Director
(214)239-LUNG.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
education program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1263.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, DALLAS
   AREA, Park Central I, 7616 LBJ Freeway, Suite
    100, Dallas, Texas 75251.

Program Title:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Carolyn Rousseau, Program Associate
(214)239-LUNG.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1264.  AMERlCAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, DALLAS
   AREA, Park Central I, 7616 LBJ Freeway, Suite
    100, Dallas, Texas 75251.

356


Program Title:
Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer.

Contact:

Ms. Janis Reich, Program Director
(214)239-LUNG.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking Deserves A Smart
Answer program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1265.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, DALLAS
    AREA, Park Central I, 7616 LBJ Freeway, Suite
    100, Dallas, Texas 75251.

Program Title:

Students Teaching About Risks Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Carolyn Rousseau, Program Associate
(214)239-LUNG.

Description:

Students Teachings About Risks Smoking (STARS) is a peer-
teaching program in which Association staff or volunteers train
high school students toteach students in grades 5 and 6 about
the health hazards of smoking.

1266.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF TEXAS,
    3520 Executive Center Drive, Suite G-l 00, Austin,
    Texas 78731-1698.

Program me:
Death in The West.

Contact:

Ms. Jana Jahns, Program Administrator
(800)252-LUNG.

Description:

"Death in The West" is a documentary distributed in connec-
tion with the California Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation. it
contrasts the advertising images with the reality of American
cowboys dying from cigarette-related diseases. The 5-day
curriculum plan is suitable for elementary and junior high
students.

1267.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF TEXAS,
    3520 Executive Center Drive, Suite G-l 00, Austin,
    Texas 78731-1698.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Jana Jahns, Program Administrator
(800)252-LUNG.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking

clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1268.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEXAS,
    3520 Executive Center Drive, Suite G-l 00, Austin,
    Texas 78731-l 698.

Program Title:

Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Ms. Jana Jahns, Program Administrator
(800)252-LUNG.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part I.

1269.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEXAS,
    3520 Executive Center Drive, Suite G-l 00, Austin,
    Texas 78731-i 698.

Program Title:
Second-Hand Smoke.

Contact:

Ms. Jana Jahns, Program Administrator
(800)252-LUNG.

Description:

This 5-day curriculum for upper elementary, junior, and senior
high students supplements the viewing of the Second-Hand
Smoke videotape. The curriculum is designed to allow stu-
dents to explore the impact of tobacco advertising, the need
to protect nonsmokers, and the skills necessary to deal
individually with secondhand :smoke exposure.

1270.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF TEXAS,
    3520 Executive Center Drive, Suite G-l 00, Austin,
    Texas 78731-I 698.

Program Title:

Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Jana Jahns, Program Adrninistrator
(800)252-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1271.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF TEXAS,
    3520 Executive Center Drive, Suite G-l 00, Austin,
    Texas 78731-l 898.

Program Title:

Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer.

357


Contact:

Ms. Jana Jahns, Program Administrator
(800)252-LUNG.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Smoking Deserves A Smart
Answer program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1272.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, SAN JACINTO
   AREA, 777 Post Oak Boulevard, Sulte 222,
   Houston, Texas 77056.

Program TM:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Ross Bannister, Program Administrator - Smoking or
Health
(713)963-9935.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking At
Work program is offered. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1273.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, SAN JACINTO
   AREA, 777 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 222,
   Houston, Texas 77056.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Mr. Ross Bannister, Program Administrator
(713)963-9935.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1274.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, SAN JACINTO
   AREA, 777 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 222,
   Houston, Texas 77056.

Program lltle:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Mr. Ross Bannister, Program Administrator
(713)963-9935.

Description:

This 32-page manual is a self-help program designed to as-
sist a pregnant woman in quitting smoking in IO days. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1275.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION, SAN JACINTO
   AREA, `777 Post Oak Boulevard, Suite 222,
   Houston;, Texas 77056.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Manuals.

Contact:

Mr. Ross Bannister, Program Administrator
(713)963-9935.

Descrlptlon:

This program includes two manuals that enable a motivated
smoker to successfully quit smoking. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1276.  CITY OF HOUSTON HEALTH AND HUMAN SER-
   VICES, 1115 North MacGregor, Houston, Texas
    77030-l 797.

Program ntk
FreshStart.

Contact:

lnez C. Manning, Dr.N., Health Educator Coordinator
(713)794-9156.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
to Health and Human Services employees, as requested. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

12n.  GRAYSON COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
   515 North Walnut, Sherman, Texas 75090.

Program Title:
The Wellness Program.

Contact:

Ms. Carol Fulenwider, Program Coordinator
(214)465-2878.

Descrlptlon:

The Wellness Program is a multifaceted adult health effort.
Three full- time employees provide daily services. The Well-
ness Clinic includes a questionnaire that identifies smokers
and thus provides, a foundation for counseling and referral.
Counseling is supported by printed material from the American
Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, the American
Lung Association, the Texas Department of Health, and
others. The referrals are made to local programs and to the
participant's personal physician.

Wellness Outreach/Health Promotion activities are frequently
planned to meet special community needs. Past efforts have
included Stop Smoking classes at the Health Department.
Now classes are cosponsored with local colleges, community
education programs, the American Cancer Society, the
American Lung As,sociation, and others.

358


1278.  HUGULEY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 11801 South
   Freeway, Post Off Ice Box 6337, Fort Worth, Texas
     76115.

Program Title:

Breathe-Free Plan To Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Manager of Health Education
(817)551-1771.

Descrlptlon:

The program is offered as part of the hospital's Help Yourself
To Lie community health education seminar series. For more
information about the Seventh-Day Adventist Breathe-Free
Plan To Stop Smoking, see the detailed program description
in Part 1,

1279.  LAREDO-WEBB COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, Post Offlce Box 2337, Laredo, Texas
     78044-2337.

Program Title:

Buena Vida Lifestyle Program.

Contact:

Carmen Seibert, MA., Chief, Health Promotion Director
(512)723-2402.

Descrlptlon:

The Laredo-Webb County Health Department began planning
a health promotion program for the prevention of chronic dis-
eases during the late 1970s. To deal with smoking, the depart-
ment continually maintains a media campaign geared toward
educating the public of the dangers of smoking and smoking
cessation techniques. Smoking cessation clinics are also of-
fered at various sites throughout the city. The FreshStart
program of the American Cancer Society is used as afounda-
tion. These clinics last 3 weeks and meet three times a week
for a total of nine sessions. They are offered on a monthly
basis. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1280.  METHODIST HOSPITAL, SID W. RICHARDSON
   INSTlTUTE FOR PREVENTlVE MEDICINE, 6565
   Fanln MS. S400, Houston, Texas 77030.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking.

Contact:

Dr. William Myerson, Program Coordinator
(713)790-6450.

Descrlptlon:

The program is designed to help participants gradually stop
smoking with a minimum of withdrawal symptoms and without
weight gain. The goal of the program is complete smoking
abstinence for a lifetime. The program uses nonaversive be-
havior modification techniques. During the withdrawal phase,
Nicorette gum (a prescription substitute) is available to help
alleviate the discomfort associated with tobacco withdrawal.

An ecolyzer is used to analyze carbon monoxide levels. Fol-
lowing the initial withdrawal phase, the program focuses on
long-term success by teaching participants techniques to
avoid relapses. Classes are I l/2 hours long and meet week-
ly for 8 weeks. Liietime followup sessions are available at no
charge.

1281.  PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL OF DALLAS, FlN-
    LEY EWING CARDIOVASCULAR AND FITNESS
    CENTER, 5721 Phoenlx Drive, Dallas, Texas
    75231.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Ms. Teresa Weber, Program lCoordinator
(214)696-7074.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniquesto prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminate crav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup ser-
vices are provided.

1282.  TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, OFFICE OF
    SMOKING AND HEALTH, 1100 West 49th Street,
    Austin, Texas 78756.3199.

Program Title:
Tobacco Information Clearinghouse.

Contact:
Ron Todd, M.S.Ed., Coordinator
(512)458-7111 or (800)345-8647.

Descrlptlon:

The department's objectives are: 1) to help prevent young
people from using tobacco products; 2) to assist smokers who
want to quit; and 3) to promote clean indoor air in Texas. The
Tobacco Information Clearinghouse of the Office of Smoking
and Health was established to coordinate these information
and education activities. The Tobacco Information Clearing-
house has three objectives: first, to establish a Statewide
clearinghouse for tobacco information; second, to provide
technical assistance to worksites and communities in the
development of smoking policies, programs, and ordinances;
and, third, to carry out a series of promotional initiatives to
publicize the availability of programs, information, and sup
port. To achieve these goals, the Directory of Smoking
Resources and Contacts in Texas was published in 1986. In
additiin, staff are trained to respond to requests for informa-
tion, to research and maintain the directory of the current
programs, and to handle referrals to cessation and interven-
tion programs. Training for cessation facilitators is also
provided. The department has developed an information pack-
age for establishing local ordinances that restrict smoking in
public places and for implementing worksite smoking policies.
Development is under way for health fair and professional
meeting exhibits, a tobacco information guide for teachers of

359


grades 5 and 6, and extensive contacl with community or-
ganizations to enlist their support. An information package on

smokeless tobacco for dentists and articles for the public in
related newsletters and other publications will be circulated.

UTAH

1283.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, UTAH DIVISION,
   610 East South Temple Street, Salt Lake Clty,
     Utah 84102.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Baby.

Contact:

Program Title:                       Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
FreshStart.                          (801)484-4456.

Contact:

Dsscrlptlon:

Ms. Clara Glasker, Program Coordinator
(801)322-0431.

The American Lung Association self-help manual is offered to
pregnant women. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1287.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF UTAH, 1930
    South 1100 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106.

1284.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF UTAH, 1930
   South 1100 East, Salt Lake Clty, Utah 84106.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking For You And Your Family.

Program Tltle:
Double Plus Program.

Contact:

Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
(801)484-4456.

Contact:

Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
(801)484-4456.

Descrlptlon:

Descrlptlon:

This modification of the Freedom From Smoking self-help
method provides for a group of individuals to organize a group
effort to quit. Preparation, clarification, motivation, and the
buddy system are added through group meetings. Prior to
this, individuals go through their own Freedom From Smoking
In 20 Days program.

As a new component to the American Lung Association's
Smoke-Free Family campaign, this 54-page manual assists
smokers in kicking the habit. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1288.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF UTAH, 1930
    South 1166 East, Salt Lake Clty, Utah 84106.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days.

1285.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF UTAH, 1930
   South 1100 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106.

Contact:

Program Title:

Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
(801)484-4456.

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Descrlptlon:

Contact:

Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
(801)484-4456.

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking In
20 Days self-help manual is offered. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. Corporations are encouraged to allow
group smoking cessation clinics at their worksites for
employees. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1269.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF UTAH, 1930
    South 1100 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106.

Program Title:
Hypnosis Cessation Clinics.

Contact:

1286.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF UTAH, 1930
   South 1100 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106.

Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
(801)484-4456.

360


Description:
This is a group hypnosis program conducted in one 2-hour
session. During the first hour, smoking habits, previous at-
tempts at quitting, and reasons for quitting are discussed.
During the second hour, the hypnotist helps reinforce positive
images of a nonsmoker that assist the smoker in kicking the
habit. Acassette tape is given so that individuals are provided
with a daily followup.

1290.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCiATiON OF UTAH, 1930
   South 1100 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106.

Program Title:
Lungs Are For Life.

Contact:

Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
(801)484-4456.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Assocation's Lungs Are For Life program
is offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1291.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF UTAH, 1930
    South 1100 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84106.

Program Title:
Marijuana: A Second Look.

Contact:

Mr. Ed Grudzinski, Smoking Program Coordinator
(801)484-4456.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Marijuana: A Second Look
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1292.  UTAH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, DIVISION OF
    COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES, 288 North
    1460 West, Post Office Box 16660, Salt Lake City,
     Utah 84116-0660.

Program Title:
Tobacco-Free Utah.

Contact:

Ms. Christine Chalkley, Coordinator
(801)538-6120.

Description:

The Surgeon General has issued a challenge for a Smoke-
Free Society by the Year 2000. Considering this goal, recent
legislation was passed in Utah to raise the cigarette excise tax
from 12 cents a pack to 23 cents a pack. A portion of the
revenue is now being dispersed to local health departments
to pursue the goal of Tobacco-Free Utah. During Fiscal Year
1988, the Tobacco-Free program staff will: 1) offer smoking
and smokeless tobacco cessation programs to junior and
senior high school students; 2) provide tobacco education in-
service training to teachers attending kindergarten through

grade 12 workshops; 3) collect tobacco use prevalence data
among adolescent and adults; 4) provide smoking cessation
services to pregnant women attending Women, Infant, and
Children clinics; 5) promote and enforce the Utah Indoor Clean
Air Act in conjunction with environmental health personnel;
and, 6) coordinate with local school districts to develop a long-
term plan for tobacco-free schools.

1293.  UTAH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, DIVISION OF
    COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES, 288 North
    1460 West, Post Office Box 16660, Salt Lake City,
     Utah 84116-0660.

Program Tltie:

Tobacco Risk Reduction Program.

Contact:

Ms. Christine Chalkley, Coordinator
(801)536-6120.

Description:

As part of a mandatory Statewide kindergarten through grade
12 tobacco, alcohol, and drug program, teachers are provided
information and teaching strategies on the traditional long-
term consequences of smoking and, most important, the im-
mediate consequences that are believed to be highly salient
to young people. In addition, skills relevant to decision making
and resisting peer pressure are emphasized.

1294.  UTAH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, DIVISION OF
    COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES, 288 North
    1460 West, Post Office Box 16660, Salt Lake City,
     Utah 84116-0660.

Program Title:

Utah Coalition On Smoking And Health.

Contact:

Ms. Christine Chalkley, Coordinator
(801)538-6120.

Description:

The Utah Coalition on Smoking and Health (UCSH) is an or-
ganization o! Utahns interested in the promotion of tobacco
education. Established in 1984 to foster the development of
effective public smoking policies in Utah and to provide cur-
rent information to the public concerning the adverse health
affects and economic impact of tobacco use, the UCSH has
been instrumental in successfully advocating the passage of
such legislation as requiring warning labels on smokeless
tobacco products sold in Utah, prohibiting the sale of clove
cigarettes in Utah, and strengthening the Utah Clean Indoor
Air Act, which requ,ires public and private workplaces to
provide for the "health, safety, weffare, comfort, and environ-
ment of nonsmokers."

1295.  UTAH DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, DIVISION OF
    COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES, 288 North
   1460 West, Post Office Box 16660, Salt Lake City,
     Utah 84116-0660.

361


Program Title:
Utah Clean indoor Air Act.

Contact:
Ms. Christine Chalkley, Coordinator
(801)538-6120.

Description:
With the passage of a strengthened version of the Utah Clean

Indoor Air Act, which restricts smoking in public places, the
Tobacco Risk Reduction Program staff has been providing
Smoking Policy Packets to businesses Statewide. The
educational materials include a copy of the law, rules and
regulations, sample smoking policies, smoking cessation
resources, and numerous workplace smoking articles. In ad-
dition, staff offers policy development consultation upon re-
quest and publishes a yearly Smoking OR Health newsletter
for Utah businesses.

VERMONT

1296.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, VERMONT
   DIVISION, INC., 13 Loomis Street, Drawer C,
   Montpelier, Vermont 05602.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Zorn, Program Director
(802)223-2348.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program isoffered
periodically throughout the year. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

1297.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, VERMONT
   AFFILIATE, 1929 Sheiburne Road, Post Office
   Box 130, Sheiburne, Vermont 05482.

Program Tttie:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Mr. James Gears, Program Director
(802)985-8048.

Description:

Heart At Work is a health awareness program designed to
educate and promote the adoption of heart healthy behaviors,
For more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1298.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, VERMONT
   AFFILIATE, 1929 Sheiburne Road, Post Office
   Box 130, Sheiburne, Vermont 05482.

Program ntie:

Heart Health Education For The Young.

Contact:

Mr. James Gears, Program Director
(802)985-8048.

Description:

The Heart Health Education For The Young program is

designed to educate students about cardiovascular disease
and its prevention through adoption of a healthy lifestyle. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1299.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, VERMONT
   AFFILIATE, 1929 Sheiburnta Road, Post Office
   Box 130, Sheiburne, Vermont 05482.

Program Title:
Public Health Education.

Contact:

Mr. James Gears, Program Director
(802)985-8048.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Public Health Education
program consists of numerous materials designed to educate
the publicon cardiovasculardisease and risk factors modifica-
tions. In the area of smoking, materials such as films,
pamphlets, and posters are available to educate as well as
assist individuals in smoking cessation.

1300.  VERMONT DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, 1193
   North Avenue, Post Office Box 70, Burlington,
    Vermont 05402.

Program ntie:
Heart Healthy Vermonter.

Contact:

Ms. Deborah Owen Dameron, Health Promotion Specialist
(802)863-7611.

Description:

The Heart Healthy Vermonter program is a community-based
effort to reduce the rate of heart disease by focusing on the
three major risk factors of smoking, high blood pressure, and
high serum cholesterol. The goals of the smoking component
are to reduce the incidence of smoking among Vermonters, to
reduce the number of public places and worksites that do not
have smoking policies, and to create an atmosphere in Ver-
mont that encourages nonsmoking as the normal behavior.

The strategies used to achieve these goals include an annual
Quit And Win Contest, assisting employers with the implemen-

362


tation of smoking policies, and surveying restaurants to deter-
mine what percentage of them have no-smoking sections.
Also, educational pamphlets and materials are sent to
physicians to encourage them to counsel their patients to quit
smoking. All Heart Heatthy Vermonter projects offer at least
one group smoking cessation class each year and offer
individuals self-help materials to help them quit smoking.

1301.  VERMONT LUNG ASSOCIATlON, WINSTON L.
    PROUTY CENTER, 30 Farrell Street, South
    Burlington, Vermont 05403.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Program.

Contact:

Ms. Janet Ft. Francis, Program Director
(602)863-6817.

Descrlptlon:

The Biofeedback Smoking Education Program utilizes four
pieces of electronic equipment to demonstrate the immediate
harmful health effects of smoking. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

1302.  VERMONT LUNG ASSOCIATION, WINSTON L.
   PROUTY CENTER, 30 Farrell Street, South
    Burlington, Vermont 05403.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Janet R. Francis, Program Director
(802)863-6817.

Descrlptlon:

The Freedom From Smoking program is offered at this loca-
tion on an ongoing basis and is open to the public. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1303.  VERMONT LUNG ASSOCIATION, WINSTON L.
    PROUTY CENTER, 30 Farrell Street, South
   Burlington, Vermont 05403.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Janet R. Francis, Program Director
(802)863-6817.

Descrlptlon:
The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part `I.

1304.  THE WELLNESS CENTER, NORTH COUNTRY
   HOSPITAL, Prouty Drive, Newport, Vermont
     05855.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Merrilyn Barry, Manager
(802)334-5566.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1305.  THE WELLNESS CENTER, NORTH COUNTRY
   HOSPITAL, Prouty Drlve, Newport, Vermont
     05855.

Program Title:
Heart Healthy Vermonter.

Contact:
Ms. Merrilyn Barry, Manager
(802)334-5566.

Descrlptlon:

Through this project local restaurants are encouraged to
provide nonsmoking sections and worksites are encouraged
to develop smoking policies. Talks are given in local elemen-
tary schools and high schools that encourage children not to
start smoking and help them resist the peer pressure. A Quit
And Win contest is held annually for both adults and teens.
Support groups for new nonsmokers are organized when
there is a need.

WRGDN ISLANDS

1308.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF THE VIR-    Contact:
   GIN ISLANDS, Post Off Ice Box 974, St. Thomas,   Ms. May Amritt Villa, Secretary
   Vlrgln Islands 00801.                (809)776-5998.

Program Mle:

Freedom From Smoking In 20 Days.

Dsscrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking In

363


20 Days self-help manual is offered. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1307.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF THE VIR-
   GIN ISLANDS, Post Off Ice Box 974, St. Thomas,
   Vlrgln Islands 00801.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. May Amrii Villa, Secretary
(809)776-5998.

Description:

The American Lung Association's In Control videocassette
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1308.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF THE VIR-
   GIN ISLANDS, Post Office Box 974, St. Thomas,
   Virgin Islands 00801.

Program ntie:
Quit Smoking Clin'ks.

Contact:

Ms. May Amrii Villa, Secretary
(809)776-5998.

Descrlptlon:

Participants work with members to learn skills and strategies
to enablethem toquit smoking withoutgainingweight, to main-
tain abstinence, and more. A minimal fee is charged to all par-
ticipants in order to cover material costs and instructor's
salary. The American Lung Association also carries publicser-
vice announcements regarding prevention and secondhand
smoke and meets with schools and other groups as
requested.

1309.  ALEXANDRIA HOSPITAL, 4320 Seminary Road,
   Alexandria, Virglnla 22304.

Program ntle:
Stay Quit.

Contact:

Ms. Jacqueline Baird, Director, The Wellness Center
(703)379-3494.

Description:

This is a behavior modification program that decreases the
participant's desire to smoke and teaches positive
substitution.

1310.  ALLEGHANY COUNTY - COVINGTON HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 321 Beech Street, Post Office
   Box 747, Covlngton, Vlrginia 24426.

Program Title:
Dangers Of Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Metzler, Health Educator
(703)962-2173.

Description:

This 1 -hour program is offered on request. The objective is to
educate school-age children on the dangers of smoking.
Videos ("Live or Die" of Perennial Education, "Hugh McCabe:
The Coach's Final Lesson" of the American Lung Association)
and discussion comprise the program. Evaluation involves
surveying the number of students smoking at the time of
presentation to the number smoking at a later date.

VIRGINIA

1311.  ALLEGHANY COUNTY - COVINGTON HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 321 Beech Street, Post Office
   Box 747, Covington, Virginia 24426.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Metzler, Health Educator
(703)962-2173.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered to businesses and other organizations upon
request. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1312.  ALLEGHANY COUNTY - COVINGTON HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 321 Beech Street, Post Office
   Box 747, Covington, Virginia 24426.

Program ntle:

Smoking Cessation Methods.

Contact:

Ms. Karen Metzler, Health Educator
(703)962-2173.

Description:

This 30-minute to 1 -hourprogram is offered on request to busi-
nesses and other organizations.  The objectives of the
program are to educate persons interested in quitting smok-
ing as to the variolJs self-help and group programs available
for smoking cessation and to assist persons in choosing an
appropriate method. Various self-help and group programs

364


are described and participants have the opportunity to
examine materials and ask questions.

1313.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, VIRGINIA
    DIVISION, INC., 4240 Park Place, Post Office Box
   1547, Glen Allen, Virginia 23060.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Jim Poppell, Executive Vice President
(804)270-0142 or (800)552-7996.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1314.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, VIRGINIA
    AFFILIATE, 4217 Park Place Court, Glen Allen,
   Vlrglnla 23060-3315.

Program Title:
Heart At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Miller, Director of Work Site Programs
(804)747-8334.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart At Work program is
available to worksites at no cost. Supplemental materials for
distribution are available at a nominal fee. For more informa-
tion, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1315.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, VIRGINIA
   AFFILIATE, 4217 Park Place Court, Glen Allen,
   Virginia 23060-3315.

Program Title:
Heart Rx.

Contact:

Ms. Joan Miller, Director of Work Site Programs
(804)747-8334.

Description:

The American Heart Association's Heart Rx program is avail-
able to physicians and other health care providers in Virginia
for $30. Supplemental materials are available at a nominal
fee. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1316.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH-
   ERN VIRGINIA, 9735 Main Street, Falrfax, Vlrglnia
    22031.

Program Title:

Alternative To Suspension Smoking Program.

Contact:

Ms. Toni Brown, Associate Managing Director
(703)591-1431.

Description:

Instead of being automatically suspended from school for 3
days, high school students caught smoking in unauthorized
areas of the school attend three after-school sessions offer-
ing information on the health consequences of smoking. The
goal of the program is to create among these students a
greater awareness of the consequences o! smoking that may
serve later as a motivating factor to cease smoking. Discus-
sions about their attitudes concerning smoking, development
of the smoking habii, and methods to quit smoking also are
conducted. Films, self-tests, specimensof human lung tissue,
demonstrations, and lectures are included in the program.
The program is led by teachers who have been trained by the
staff of the American Lung Association of Northern Virginia
and is available to all schools in Arlington, Fairfax, Fauquier,
King George, Loudoun, Prince William, and Stafford Counties
as well as the cities of Alexandria and Fredericksburg.
Evaluation is limited to pre- and postknowledge tests.

1317.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH-
    ERN VIRGINIA,9735 Main Street, Falrfax,Vlrginla
     22031.

Program Title:
In-School Presentations.

Contact:

Ms. Toni Brown, Associate Managing Director
(703)591-4131.

Descrlptlon:

A wide range of materials and programs is offered for use in
the schools, in an effort to educate students about the hazards
of and atternatives to smoking. Different programs have been
created for kindergarten through grades 3, 4 through 5, 6
through 8,7 through 12 and 9 through 12, based on popular
films about smoking. In-service training for teachers and other
school professionals is also available. Printed materials and
audiovisual materials are available free of charge either for
distribution or on a loan basis ias appropriate.

1318.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF NORTH-
    ERN VIRGINIA, 9735 Maln Street, Fairfax, Virginia
     22031.

Program Title:

Smoking At The Workplace Program.

Contact:

Ms. Toni Brown, Associate Managing Director
(703)5914131.

Descrlptlon:

Ameriian Lung Association of Northern Virginia (ALANV) of-
fers a wide range of services to help companies create a heal-
thier, more productive work environment. After specific needs
and characteristics of the company are assessed, ALANV
provides consultation in smoking policy development,

365


management update presentations, employee awareness
programs, and worksite stop-smoking clinics. Literature is
available on the health effects of secondhand smoke, the
economic impact of smoking at the workplace, management
guidelines for smoking policy development, and employee
guidelines for establishing smoke-free areas in the workplace.

1319.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATtON OF NORTH-
   ERN VIRGINIA,9735 Main Street, Falrfax,Vlrglnla
    22031.

Program Title:
Speakers' Bureau.

Contact:

Ms. Toni Brown, Associate Managing Director
(703)591-4131.

Description:

One of four presentations available on request concerns the
effectsofcigarettesmokingonthelungsand howtoquitsmok-
ing. The program is intended to teach the hazards of smok-
ing. A staff member or a volunteer conducts the session.
Brochures and films or other audiovisual materials are used.

1329.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF NORTH-
   ERN VIRGINIA, 9735 Maln Street, Fairfax, Vlrglnla
    22031.

Program Title:
Stop Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Ms. Toni Brown, Associate Managing Director
(703)591-4131.

Descrlptlon:

Each session of the Stop Smoking Clinic provides both educa-
tion and group interaction in an effort to help the participants
stop smoking cigarettes. The educational aspects are
presented through lectures, films, and demonstrations. Small
group sessions offer participants the opportunity to discuss
and resolve their cigarette smoking problems with the expec-
tation that quitting will be easier with group support. Success-
ful graduates and other ex-smokers offer their experiences
and guidance through these small group discussions. Each
clinic covers a 2-week period with two sessions held each
week. Success rates are evaluated at the program's end and
again at 1 year.

1321.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF VIRGINIA,
   RICHMOND REGION, Post Office Box 7065,
   Richmond, Vlrglnla 23221.

Program Title:

No Butts About tt: Smoking Cessation For Teens.

Contact:

Ms. Sarah K. Stacy, Director of Program
(804)355-3295.

Descrlptlon:

This six-session program is based on the successful behavior
modification techniques used in the American Lung
Association's Freedom From Smoking Clinic. The program is
designed to relate to teenagers on their level and to help them
realize that it is easier to quit smoking now than it will be in 10
or 20 years. The target audience is high school students. The
objectives of the program are to increase the knowledge base
of adolescents with regard to smoking initiation and con-
tinuance and to teach adolescents specific skills that will help
them stop smoking. The program also includes a session on
the influence of tobacco advertising on young people. An
evaluation component is included. Teachers and other staff
members can be trained to conduct the program by associa-
tion staff members. There is no charge for the training or the
program.

1322.  CENTRAL VIRGINIA HEALTH DISTRICT,
   LYNCHBURG HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 1900
   Thomson Drive, Post Offlce Box 6056,
   Lynchbnrg, Vlrglnla 24505-6056.

Program lltle:
Be A Winner.

Contact:

Joanna H. Harris, M.D., Director
(604)528-6777.

Descrlptlon:

Be A Winner is a stop smoking program for pregnant women
who are eligible for health department services.  It was
developed as a joint venture between the Lynchburg Health
Department and lhe American Lung Association of Virginia.
The 8-week program recognizes a particular need to motivate
the participants to quit smoking as it raises participants' aware-
ness of effects of smoking during and after pregnancy. Key
components of thle Be A Winner program include providing
child care and transportation for the participants, as well as
attendance and quitting rewards.

1323.  EASTERN HENRICO COUNTY HEALTH
   DEPARTMENT, 3810~Nlne-Mile Road, Richmond,
    Virglnla 23223.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Edith Mooney, R.N., Public Heafth Nurse
(804)222-4213.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered annually. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

366


1324.  JOHNSTON-WILUS HOSPITAL, 1401 Johnston-
    Wlllls Drive, Richmond, Vlrglnla 23235.

Program Title:
Smoking Cessation.

Contact:

Vivian Biggers, R.N., M.S.N., Director of Educational
Resources
(804)320-2900 ext. 171,

Description:

Individualized patient and family instruction on smoking ces-
sation is provided. Patients directed by their physicians to
stop smoking are visited by a staff nurse for assessment and
instruction. A film is shown and a pamphlet offering tips on
smoking cessation is provided. Instruction is individualized
and may include the effects of smoking ori the patient's health,
recognition and modification of habits that stimulate the desire
for cigarettes, suggestions for alternative activities, family and
social support, and direction to community stop-smoking
clinics.  A community smoking cessation program, the
American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program, is held twice a year.

1325.  MOUNT RO%ERS HEALTH DISTRICT, Post
   Office Box 348, Marlon, Virginia 24354.

Program Tltle:
Worksite Wellness Project.

Contact:

Mr. Jim Meadows, Health Educator
(703)783-8188.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
both to employees at the worksite in industries, agencies, and
school systems ahd to interested civic groups. Other activities
include dissemination of literature and audiovisual aids. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1326.  RADFORD COMMUNITY HOSPITAL, 8th and
    Randolph Streets, Radford, Vlrglnla 24141.

Program Title:
Smokeless.

Contact:

Lynda Hartson, R.N., Health Educator
(703)731-2644.

Description:

The Smokeless system, developed by the American Institute
for Preventive Medicine, is a highly structured, multifaceted
smoking cessation program. Participants learn systematic
techniques to prevent the urge to smoke and to eliminatecrav-
ings that may develop. Cessation booklets and followup
services are provided.

1327.  ROANOKE COUNTYNINTON HEALTH DEPART-
    MENT, Post Office Box 307, Vlnton, Vlrglnla
     24179.

Program Title:

Smokeless Tobacco: Is It R'eally Safe?

Contact:
Linda Huff man, R.N.
(703)983-7804.

Description:

This 20-minute presentation is available to health classes in
junior and senior high schools and on request to any other
groups. The objective of the program is to increase awareness
of the manipulation of advertising and the harmful effects of
using smokeless tobacco, stressing that it is not a safe alter-
native to smoking. Audiovisual and handout materials
reinforce the program's objectives.

1328.  SOUTHSIDE HEALTH DISTRICT, HALIFAX
    COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, South Boston,
    Vlrglnla 24592.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Clinic.

Contact:

Mr. Seymour Barnes, Distridt Health Educator
(804)572-2986.

Descrlptlon:

The Health Department is collaborating with the American
Lung Association of Virginia and the Halifax/South Boston
Community Hospital to offer the American Lung Association's
Freedom From Smoking clinic. For more information, see the
detailed program description in Part 1.

1329.  VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, James
   Madlson Bulldlng, 109 Governor Street,
    Richmond, Vlrglnla 23219.

Program Title:

Heart Health Education For The Young.

Contact:

Ms. Judy Turner, Curriculum Specialist
(703)998-2160.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Heart Health Education For
The Young program was set up on a school-by-school basis
in Alexandria. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1330.  VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, James
   Madison Building, 109 Governor Street,
   Richmond, Vlrglnla 23219.

367


Program Tltie:
Students Teaching Students,

Contact:

Sister Catherine Dever, Assistan? Dir&or
(804)787-7373.

Description:

The Virginia Department of Health offers the American Lung
Association's Students Teaching Students smoking preven-
tion program in conjunction with the Eastern Shore Rural
Health System, Inc. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1331.  VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, AL-
     LEGHANY HEALTH DISTRICT AND SOUTH-
    WEST REGIONAL OFFICE, James Madison
    Building, 109 Governor Street, Richmond,
   Vlrglnla 23219.

Program Title:

Adolescent Smoking Awareness Frograin.

Contact:

Nancy Harvey, R.N., M.S.N., Nurse Practitioner B, and
Carolyn Green, M.W., Regional Health Educator
(703)982-7411.

Descrlptlon:

This program is targeted at students in schools that have in-
stituted a no smoking policy. I? demonstrates to adolescents
the immediate physiological impact of smoking just one
cigarette. Adolescents who smoke learn to monitor their pulse
rate, test for hand steadiness, and monitor their skin tempera-
ture to show the effects of their habit. Nonsmoking as well as
smoking adolescents participate in a class discussion that
focuses on the physiological effects of smoke and decision-
making skills to maintain or achieve a nonsmoking lifestyle.

1332.  VIRGINIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
    HAMPTON HEALTH DEPARTMENT, James
    Madlson Bullding, 109 Governor Street,
    Richmond, Vlrglnla 23219#

Program Title:
Looking Ahead.

Contact:

Linda Erdman, R.N., Maternal and Child Health Coordinator
(804)728-0700.

Descrlptlon:

A four-session program on pregnancy and infant mortality
risks is conducted. The program emphasizes the effects of
smoking during pregnancy and a smoking cessation program
is conducted for interested smokers.

1333.  VlRGlNtA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,
    ROANOKE VALLEY COUNCIL OF COMMUNITY
    SERVICES, James Madison Building, 109
    Governor Street, Richmond, Vlrglnla 23219.

Program Title:
Alive And Well - Risk Reduction.

Contact:

Mr. Fraser Nelson, Director of Community Health Education
(703)985-0131.

Descrlptlon:
As part of a larger program to stimulate collaborative use of
available community resource in health promotion, the Alive
And Well program is a week-long celebration of health and
wellness that includes a program on coping with secondhand
smoke and pulmonary function screenings.

WASHINGTON

1334.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCiETY, WASHINGTON    1335.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    DIVISION, INC., 2120 Flrst Avenue North, Seattle,        WASHINGTON, 2625 Third Avenue, Seattle,
    Washlngton 98109.                     Washington 98121.

Program Title:                        Program Title:
FreshStart.                          Freedom From Sn;oking Clinic.

Contact:                              Contact:
Mr. Dave Harrelson, Adult Education Coordinator         Ms. Margo Harris, Program Manager
(206)283-l 152.                       (206)441-5100.

Description:                         Description:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is   The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
offered. For more information, see the detailed program   clinic is available for $35. For more information, see the
description in Part 1.                    detailed program description in Part 1.

368


1336.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    WASHINGTON, 2625 Third Avenue, Seattle,
    Washlngton 98121.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking Manuals.

Contact:

Ms. Margo Harris, Program Manager
(206)441-5100.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
self-help manuals are available. For more information, see
the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

1337.   AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    WASHINGTON, 2625 Third Avenue, Seattle,
    Washington 98121.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Margo Harris, Program Manager
(206)441-5100.

Description:

The American Lung Association's In Control videocassette
smoking cessation program is available. A program manual
is also included. For more information, see the detailed

program description in Part 1.

1338.   AMERICAN LUNG
    WASHINGTON, 2625
    Washington 98121.

Program Title:
Quit Kits.

Contact:

ASSOCIATION OF
Third Avenue, Seattle,

Ms. Margo Harris, Program Manager
(206)441-5100.

Descrlptlon:

This free quit smoking kit includes helpful hints and strategies
for success, learning why one smokes, and discovering
coping skills for tough situations. A guide to smoking cessa-
tion methods, rules for healthy lungs, and buttons are
available.

1339.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
   WASHINGTON, 2625 Third Avenue, Seattle,
   Washington 98121.

Program Title:
School Health Education.

Contact:

Ms. Margo Harris, Program Manager
(206)441-5100.

Description:

This program is provided by the American Lung Association
of Washington staff and trained volunteers. School talks are
presented to students in kindergarten through grade 12.
Lungs Are For Life health teaching modules are used in
elementary grades. Smoking Deserves A Smart Answer, a
prevention CUI~~CU/URI, is used with grades 5 and 6. The health
effects of smoking and cigarette advertising, especially
counter advertising: are stressed in junior and senior high
school.

1446.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    WASHINGTON, 2625 Third Avenue, Seattle,
   Washington 98121.

Program Title:
Smoking And Pregnancy.

Contact:

Ms. Margo Harris, Program Manager
(206)441-5100.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Smoking And Pregnancy
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1441.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF
    WASHINGTON, 2825 Third Avenue, Seattle,
    Washington 98121.

Program Title:

Smoking In The Workplace.

Contact:

Ms. Margo Harris, Program Manager
(206)441-5100.

Description:

Working actively toward the goal of a Smoke-Free Society in
the Year 2000, the American Lung Association of Washington
works closely with area businesses to establish smoking
policies in the workplace setting. The American Lung
Association of Washington staff provide workplace seminars,
present informational talks to businesses, and serve on com-
pany committees providing consultation services.

1442.  BREMERTON-KITSAP COUNTY HEALTH
    DEPARTMENT, 109 Austin Drive, Bremerton,
    Washington 98312.

Program Title:
You And Me Tobacco Free.

Contact:

Ms. Meg Hagemann, Health Eiducator
(206)478-5235.

Description:

This organization assists in the coordination of COrTmJnitY ef-
forts in the arena of tc&?cm-free Rducation. Department Staff

369


act as consultants for individuals and groups seeking to
become tobacco-free by providing information (pamphlets,
videos, self tests) and referral to a variety of tobacco cessa-
tion programs in their areas. A major focus is on the five
school districts within the county. In addition, there are infor-
mational brochures and displays in the three health clinics.
Staff in the Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning
programs provide tobacco-free information and referral to
clients on a one-to-one basis and work jointly with the regional
American Cancer Society to facilitate community participation
in the annual Great American Smokeout. All tobacco
products, including smokeless tobacco are emphasized.
Finally, the department participates in a number of health fairs
throughout the county and provides display boards and
pamphlets relating to the dangers of tobacco use and how to
kick the habit.

1443.  GROUP HEALTH OF SPOKANE, West 1500
   Fourth Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99204.

Program Title:
Free And Clear.

Contact:

Mr. Torney Smith, Member Education Manager
(509)838-7992.

Descrlptlon:

Free And Clear is a highly structured 5-day program in which
the skills necessary to achieve permanent abstinence from
smoking are learned. The system is based on the philosophy
that quitting is easier when one knows how to do it. Techni-
ques for preventing and eliminating urges to smoke are taught.
This systematic approach allows quitting smoking while mini-
mizing the problems of weight gain and irritability. The
program begins with a free introductory meeting during which
the procedures are explained in detail. The actual treatment
program begins 1 week later, with four consecutive daily ses-
sions of 1 -l/2 to 2 hours each. A complete packet of tools and
materials is included for the basic program cost. Once com-
pleted, the program can be repeated free of charge for mem-
bers who have a completior. certificate and ieturn with their
packet of materials.

1444.  SACRED HEART MEDICAL CENTER, 101 West
    Eighth Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99204.

Program Title:
I Am Joe's Lung.

Contact:

Pam White, S.P., Coordinator, Media and Workshop Services
(509)455-3390.

Description:

See an inside view of an average lung under normal condi-
tions and learn why smog, dust, and smoke can take your
breath away.

1445.  SACRED HEART MEDICAL CENTER, 101 West
   Eighth Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99204.

Program Tltle:
Let's Call I! Quits.

Contact:

Pam White, S.P., Coordinator, Media and Workshop Services
(509)455-3390.

Descrlptlon:

In this 27-minute program, broadcast twice a month to patients
at the medical center, Tom Bosley humorously portrays a
man's attempt to stop smoking.

1446.  SACRED &ART MEDICAL CENTER, 101 West
    Elghth Avenue, Spokane, Washington 99204.

Program Tltle:

Smoking: How To Stop.

Contact:

Pam White, S.P., Coordinator, Media and Workshop Services
(509)455-3390.

Descrlptlon:

This broadcast program follows a typical smoker as she
gradually reduces the number of cigarettes she smokes until
she stops.

1447.  SAINT PETER HOSPITAL, 413 North Lilly Road,
   Olympia, Washington 98506.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Dorothy Tenkhoff, Health Promotion
(206)456-7246.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered.  For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part `I.

1448.  SAINT PETER HOSPITAL, 413 North Lilly Road,
    Olympia, Washlngton 98506.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Dorothy Tenkhloff, Health Promotion
(206)456-7246.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and main-
tenance system.

370


1449.  SEATTLE-KING COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF
   PUBLIC HEALTH, 110 Prefontaine Place South,
   Suite 600, Seattle, Washington 98104.

Program Title:
Controlling Smoking.

Contact:

Mr. Benjamin Leifer, Public Health Educator
(206)587-2798.

Description:

This health department program has four major areas of ac-
tivity. The first major activity is smoking cessation classes for
employees of King County and the city of Seattle. Classes
are facilitated by a public health educator and occupational
health nurse and are based on the American Cancer Society's
FreshStart Program, with the addition of six sessions, for a
total of 10 classes over approximately 3 months. The second
area of activity regards worksite smoking policy development
for the local government. Health department staff developed
a worksite smoking policy that applies to the 5,000 employees
of King County and participated in the Seattle City Council
sponsored committee to develop a policy for the city's 10,000
employees. Third, cancer risk reduction for health department
patients is emphasized. Staff work with health care providers
to include smoking and other cancer risk factors in history-
taking as a basis for education, referral, and followup. Lastly,
the department provides general community education includ-
ing television and radio public service announcements and
collaboration with local voluntary health agencies on smoking
education events.

1450.  TACOMA-PIERCE COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 3629 South D Street, Tacoma,
   Washington 98408-6897.

Program Title:

Heart Disease Prevention.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Cherry, Director, Family and Community Health
Services
(206)591-6485.

Description:

As part of the Cardiovascular Risk Reduction screening
program, an individual employee's smoking history is docu-
mented and referral to smoking cessation resource is
provided. Worksite consultation and assistance in becoming
smoke-free are offered.

145-t.  WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND
   HEALTH SERVICES, 08-39, Olympia,
   Washington 98504.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Leslie F. James, Director of Administrative Support
(206)753-2630.

Description:
The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1452.  WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND
   HEALTH SERVICES, DIVISION OF HEALTH, ET-
   24, Olympia, Washlngton 98504.

Program Title:

Getting Started In Health Education.

Contact:

Mr. James M. Glick, Jr., Health Service Administrator
(206)753-5909.

Description:

These programs are funded through the Division of Health,
Department of Social and Health Services, and are offered
quarterly both on and off campus through State colleges and
universities.  Resources and training materials related to
health are offered from many agencies. A health education
curriculum with emphasis on smoking/smokeless tobacco
usage geared to each teacher's level of teacher responsibility
has to be developed before course credit is given. Evening
classes are offered one night a week for 12 weeks and run 3
hours each evening. On-campus classes are usually offered
through summer school and a 1 -week course usually runs 7
hours a day, while a 2-week course is usually 4 hours per day.

1453.  WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND
   HEALTH SERVICES, Health Information/Policy
    Development Section, ET-24, Olympia,
   Washington 98504.

Program Title:

Washington Wellness Coordinators.

Contact:

Mr. Jimmy Sectore and Mr. ,James Glick Jr., Health Services
Administrator
(206)753-5310 and (206)75:3-5909.

Description:

This is a group of employees from all walks of life whose su-
pervisors have appointed them to sit in with the other coor-
dinators to represent their departments. The main function of
the group in the beginning was to compare and catalog various
health promotion activities that were going on not only within
State government, but also in City governments, County
governments, local health departments, school districts, and
through volunteer agencies. Since that time, the Washington
State Legislature has enacted a bill that targets all 71,000
State employees within the State for a health wellness
program. The program will be administered by the Depart-
ment of Personnel, and the Washington Wellness Coor-
dinators will be serving as an advisory group to provide input
to the coordinators for the wellness program. Most programs
currently being offered through the State agencies emphasize
smoking cessation.

371


1454.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, WEST VIRGINIA
   DIVISION, INC., 2428 Kanawha Boulevard East,
   Charleston, West Vlrglnla 25311.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Mr. Alan Mills, Director of Public Education
(304)344-3611.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1455.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WEST
   VIRGINIA, Post Offlce Box 3980, Charleston,
   West Virglnla 25339.

Program Title:

Biofeedback Smoking Education Project.

Contact:

Ms. Kathi K. Elkins, Assistant Executive Director
(304)342-6600.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Biofeedback Smoking
Education Project is offered to area schools. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1456.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WEST
   VIRGINIA, Post Office Box 3980, Charleston,
   West Virginia 25339.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking At Work.

Contact:

Ms. Kathi K. Elkins, Assistant Executive Director
(304)342-6600.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association of West Virginia provides
consultation to area businesses in determining smoking
policies. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

1457.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WEST
   VIRGINIA, Post Office Box 3989, Charleston,
   West Vlrglnla 25339.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Kathi K. Elkins, Assistant Executive Director
(304)342-6600.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1458.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WEST
   VIRGINIA, Post Offlce Box 3980, Charleston,
    West Virginia 25339.

Program Tltle:

Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Kathi K. Elkins, Assistant Executive Director
(304)342-6600.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program manuals are provided at minimal or no cost. For
more information, see the detailed program description in
Part 1.

1459.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WEST
   VIRGINIA, Post Offlce Box 3980, Charleston,
    West Vlrglnla 25339.

Program Title:

Freedom From Srnoking Seminar.

Contact:

Ms. Kathi K. Elkins, Assistant Executive Director
(304)342-6600.

Descrlptton:

This educational program lasts 2 to 3 hours and uses several
educational components to enlighten smokers about the
cigarette habit and methods for quitting.

1469.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WEST
   VIRGINIA, Post Office Box 3980, Charleston,
    West Virginia 25339.

Program Title:
In Control.

Contact:

Ms. Kathi K. Elkins, Assistant Executive Director
(304)342-6600.

Description:

The American Lung Association's self-help videocassette

372


program is available for library loan or purchase. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1461.  MONONGALIA COUNTY HEALTH DEPART-
   MENT, 453 Van Voorhls Road, Morgantown, West
    Vlrglnia 26505.

Program ntle:

Smoking And Your Baby.

Contact:

Donna Jeffries, R.N., and Sally Taylor, R.N., Program
Coordinators
(304)599-0670.

Descrlptlon:

Patients are screened upon admission into the Maternal
Program. A smoker's chart is flagged and entered in the spe-
cial counseling program. In addition, 1 O-day community-wide
workshops are held quarterly. While this program primarily
targets pregnant women, it is open to everyone.

1462.  WEST VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Of-
    fice of the Director, 1800 Washington Street,
    East, Charleston, West Vlrglnla 25305.

Program Title:

Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Contact:

Mr. Robert H. Anderson, Acting Director, Division of Health
Promotion
(304)348-0644.

Description:

The Department of Health participates in the Centers for Dis-
ease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Each month adults are randomly selected for telephone inter-
views and are asked questions about their lifestyles as they
relate to risk factors for preventable morbidity and mortality.
With regard to tobacco use, the Department estimates the
prevalence of cigarette smoking and smokeless tobacco use
by standard demographic va.riables.

1463.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, WISCONSIN
   DIVISION, INC., 615 North Sherman Avenue, Box
    8370, Madison, Wisconsin 53708,

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Freeman, Director of Public Education
(608)249-0487.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart smoking cessa-
tion clinic is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1464.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, WISCONSIN
   DIVISION, INC., 615 North Sherman Avenue, Box
    8370, Madison, Wlsconsln 53708.

Program Title:

Smokeless Tobacco Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Freeman, Director of Public Education
(608)249-0487.

Descrlptlon:

This program involves forming a temporary coalition of com-
munity leaders in government, education, and media to plan
a multifaceted education and information program on smoke-
less tobacco, targeted to all age groups.

WISCONSIN

1465.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, WISCONSIN
    DIVISION, INC., 615 North Sherman Avenue, Box
    8370, Madlson, Wlsconsln 53708.

Program Title:

Tobacco-Free Young Wisconsin.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Freeman, Director of Public Education
(608)249-0487.

Descrlptlon:

This five-part program includes teaching modules for youth
education in schools, the development of model policies for
smoke-free schools, support for legislation to prohibit sale or
free distribution of tobacco to minors, media campaigns that
promote nonsmoking targeted to youth and pregnant women,
and professional education efforts to health professionals
serving youth.

1466.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, WISCONSIN
   DIVISION, INC., 615 North Sherman Avenue, Box
   8370, Madison, Wfsconsln 53708.

Program ntle:

Wisconsin Athletes Against Cancer.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Freeman, Director of Public Education
(608)249-0487.

Descrlptlon:

This program uses professional athletes as speakers and

373


media role models as spokespersons against smokeless
tobacco use.

1467.  AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY, WISCONSIN
    DIVISION, INC., MILWAUKEE METRO DISTRICT
    OFFICE, 11401 West Watertown Plank Road,
    Post Office Box 26555, Milwaukee, Wlsconsln
    53225.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Nancy Freeman, Director of Public Education
(414)453-4500.

Descrlptlon:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is used
with adult education efforts that emphasize generalized can-
cer prevention and lifestyle modification. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1466.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION, WISCONSIN
    AFFILIATE, 795 North Van Buren, Milwaukee,
    Wisconsin 53202.

Program Title:
Calling lt Quits.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Bush, Program Director
(414)271-9999 or (800)242-9236.

Descrlptlon:

This educational program, developed by the American Can-
cer Society, is offered to worksite wellness programs. This
material is also provided to numerous health fairs and general
public inquiries. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1469.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATtON, WISCONSIN
   AFFILIATE, 795 North Van Buren, Milwaukee,
     Wlsconsln 53202.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Bush, Program Director
(414)271-9999 or (800)242-9236.

Description:

The Wisconsin Affiliate developed this campaign to promote
nonsmoking for schools several years ago.  For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1470.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WISCON-
   SIN, 1330 North 113th Street, Suite 190,
   Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.

Program Title:
Cigarette Break-Away.

Contact:

Ms. Amy Kinosian, Program Director
(414)258-9100 or (800)242-5160.

Descrlptlon:

The Cigarette Break-Away is a one-session, multicomponent
program, designed to helpa large numberof peoplequit smok-
ing at one time. The components include two hypnotic induc-
tions, a medical presentation, information about behavior
change strategies, a dramatic film, and group activities. In ad-
dition, each participant receives a maintenance package con-
taining a self-hypnosis tape, A Lifetime of Freedom From
Smoking manual, and a tip sheet outlining potential trigger
situations and possible coping strategies. Throughout the
program, emphasis is placed heavily on the responsibility that
each individual must take to practice a nonsmoking lifestyle
and use the maintenance package wisely. The single session
approach has special appeal for people who work irregular
hours or whose schedules do not permit a long-term commit-
ment to a program. It is ideal for implementing in the
workplace as well a.s in a community setting.

1471.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCIATION OF WISCON-
    SIN, 1330 North 113th Street, Suite 190,
    Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.

Program ntle:

Freedom From Smoking Clinics.

Contact:

Ms. Amy Kinosian, Program Director
(414)258-9100 or (800)242-5160.

Descrlptlon:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
clinics are offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1472.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WISCON-
    SIN, 1330 North 113th Street, Suite 190,
    Milwaukee, Wlsconsln 53226.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Self-Help.

Contact:

Ms. Amy Kinosian, Program Director
(414)258-9100 or (800)242-5160.

Descrlptlon:

A variety of self-help formats are now available for the general
public and for use in both health care and workplace settings.
For more information, see the detailed program descriptions
inPart1.

1473.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WISCON-
   SIN, 1330 North 113th Street, Suite 190,
    Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.

374


Program Title:

School Smoking Prevention.

Contact:

Ms. Amy Kinosian, Program Director
(414)258-9100 or (800)242-5160.

Description:

These programs, designed to prevent students from smoking,
include: Kristy Koala Healthy Lungs Program (grades K-l);
Our Breathtaking Lungs (grades 2-3); Marijuana: A Second
Look (grades 4-6); Students Teaching Students (grades 5-6)
and Breathing for Two (grades 1 O-l 2). For more information,
see the detailed program descriptions in Part 1.

1474.  BELLIN HEALTH CONNECTION, BELLIN
    MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 215 North Webster,
   Green Bay, Wlsconsln 54301.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Kathryn Me&, Program Coordinator
(414)433-3638.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1475.   BROWN COUNTY COMMUNITY HEALTH NURS-
    ING SERVICE, Northern Bullding, 305 East Wal-
    nut Street, Post Office Box 1600, Green Bay,
    Wisconsin 54301.

Program Title:
Healthy Heart,

Contact:

Karen Sandmire, R.N., Coordinator and Judy Friederichs,
R.N., Project Director
(414)436-3361.

Description:

This program provides for hypertension screening in in-
dustries and public sites. If an individual indicates a current
history of smoking, they are counseled regarding risk of smok-
ing and availability of cessation programs. A comparison
chart of cessation programs is shared with them.

1476.  BURNETT GENERAL HOSPITAL, Post Office Box
   99, Grantsburg, Wlsconsln 54840.

Program Title:
Five Day Plan.

Contact:

Ms. Viii Estes-Bruff, Nutrition and Health Educator
(715)463-5353.

Descrlptlon:

The Seventh-Day Adventists' Five Day Plan is offered. Diet
consultation for weight maintenance is available without
charge. For more information, see the detailed program
descriptions in Part 1.

1477.  BURNETT COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES, BUR-
    NETT COUNTY GOVERNMENT CENTER, Route
    1, Box 300-l 14, Slren, Wisconsin 54872.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Jeanne Lincoln, Prograrn Coordinator
(715)349-2141.

Description:

The FreshStart program developed by the American Cancer
Society is offered once a year to County residents. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1478.  DANE COUNTY COMMUNITY SUPPORT AND
    PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION, 1206 Northport
    Drive, Room 107, Madlson, Wlsconsln 53704-
     2088.

Program Tftle:

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program.

Contact:

Arlene Finley, R.N., B.S.N., Cardiovascular Risk Reduction
Coordinator
(608)241-4481.

Descrlptlon:

Smoking and health is a component of the heafth department's
2-year grant funded Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program
primarily aimed at farmers. Cardiovascular risk reduction is
addressed through a program of adult health education, coun-
seling, and screening services. During individual counseling,
tobacco use is assessed and presented as a risk factor in
developing cardiovascular problems. People are referred to
community smoking cessation programs.

1479.  DIVINE SAVIOR HOSPITAL AND NURSING
   HOME, INC., 1015 West Pleasant Street, Portage,
     Wisconsin 53901,,

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Paula Korn, Community Health Educator
(608)742-4131 ext.429.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
programs are offered each year. For more information, see
the detailed program description in Part 1.

375


1489.  DIVINE SAVIOR HOSPITAL AND NURSING
    HOME, INC., 1015 West Pleasant Street, Portage,
     Wlsconsln 53901.

Program Title:
Break-Away.

Contact:

Ms. Paula Korn, Community Health Educator
(608)742-4131 ext.429.

Description:

Break-Away is a one-time, 3-hour program that involves hyp-
nosis. Trained personnel, including a psychologist, physician,
and certified facilitators, are used.

1481.  DODGE COUNTY NURSES, Courthouse, Juneau,
    Wlsconsln 53039-1373.

Program Title:

Community Education.

Contact:

Ms. Ruth Lindegarde, Assistant Director of Nurses
(414)386-2771.

Description:

Various 1 -hour programs are offered to schools focusing on
the health effects associated with tobacco use. Health fairs,
sponsored by the department, are used as active dissemina-
tion programs for literature on smoking and tobacco use.

1482.  DODGE COUNTY NURSES, Courthouse, Juneau,
    Wlsconsln 53039-1373.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Ms. Ruth Lindegarde, Assistant Director of Nurses
(414)386-2771.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program is offered
in the community and in local industry. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1483.  KENOSHA HEALTH DEPARTMENT, 625 52nd
    Street, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53140.

Program Title:
Tobacco Use Education.

Contact:

Ms. Marialyce Kornkven, Health Services Coordinator
(414)656-8170.

Description:

Through its free screening clinics, the Health Department
provides counseling and education regarding tobacco use to

all patients. Persons interested in cessation are provided with
self-help manuals, individual counseling, and referral
information.

1484.  LA CROSSE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT,
    Grandvlew Bullding, 1707 Main Street, La
    Crosse, Wlsconsln 54601.

Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Ms. Mary Anne M. Snyder, Department Heafth Educator
(608)785-9723.

Descrlptlon:

The smoking cessation programs follow the curriculum as es-
tablished by the American Lung Association. For more
information, see the detailed program description in Part 1.

1485.  LAKELAND MEDICAL ASSOCIATES, LTD., Post
    Office Box 549, Woodruff, Wlsconsln 54568.

Program Title:
Hypnosis.

Contact:

Charles Michels, M.S.W., Program Coordinator
(715)356-3292.

Description:

The program includes 3 hours of individual sessions: the
evaluation session, the hypnosis session, and two followup
sessions. A tape is provided of the hypnoses session.

1486.  MADISON DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH,
   CItyCounty Bulldlng, Room 507, 210 Martin
    Luther King, Jr. Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin
     53710.

Program Title:

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program.

Contact:

Susan Haag, R.N., Public Health Nurse Coordinator
(608)266-4821.

Description:

The Cardiovascular Risk Reduction program is for low-income
adults, 18-55 years of age, who are patients of a local com-
munity health center, and who are determined to be at high
risk for cardiovascular disease. Participants who smoke are
provided with self-help materials from the National institutes
of Health and the American Cancer Society, or they may at-
tend the FreshStart program of the American Cancer Society
offered every 2 months at the health center.

1487.  MARSHFIELD CLINIC, 1000 North Oak Avenue,
    Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449.

376


Program Title:

Freedom From Smoking.

Contact:

Donna Bowman, R.N., Patient Education Coordinator
(715)387-5066.

Description:

The American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1488.  MARSHFIELD CLINIC, 1000 North Oak Avenue,
    Marshfield, Wlsconsln 54449.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Hypnosis Group.

Contact:

Program Coordinator, Department of Clinical Psychology
(715)387-5441.

Description:

The hypnosis group meets once for 2 hours. During the first
hour the group discusses smoking habits, previous attempts
at quitting, and reasons for quitting. The second hour is
devoted to group hypnotic induction. While under induction,
the powerof suggestion is used to make the process of quitting
less difficult.

1489.  MILWAUKEE HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Municipal
   Bullding, Room 209, 841 N,orth Broadway,
    Mllwaukee, Wisconsin 53202.

Program Title:

Smoking Cessation Programs.

Contact:

Kurt D. Eggebrecht, M.Ed., Public Health Educator II
(414)278-3635.

Description:

Information and materials provided by the American Lung As-
sociation, the American Cancer Society, and the March of
Dimes are distributed through libraries, clubs, and prenatal
clinics. The American Lung Association's Freedom From
Smoking program and the American Cancer Society's Fresh-
Start program are both offered to interested individuals. For
more information on these programs, see the detailed
program descriptions in Part 1.

1490.   PERSONAL GROWTH AND COUNSELING
   CENTER, 1270 Main Street, Green Bay, Wiscon-
    sin 54302.

Program Title:
Freedom From Smoking Addiction.

Contact:

Mr. L.V. Teofilo, Program Coordinator
(414)432-0626.

Description:

This is a comprehensive program intended to assist people in
quitting smoking. There are three main aspects to this ap-
proach: 1) hypnosis with posthypnoticsuggestion for eliminat-
ing smoking behavior; 2) self-hypnosis training for daily
reinforcement of smoking cessation suggestions; and 3) hyp-
notherapy-hypnosis combined with avarietyof counseling ap-
proaches for awareness and resolution of underlying
psychological aspects of the smoking addiction. This third
aspect is most significant in allowing the client to become a
nonsmoker (hot just quit) on a permanent basis, without
having to continually fight the urge to return to smoking. The
cost is $55 per hour. Approximately three to six sessions are
needed. The program facilitator is a National Certified
Counselor and Registered Professional Hypnotherapist.

1491.  PRICE COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
   SERVICE AND HOME CARE AGENCY,
    Courthouse, Phillips, Wisconsin 54555.

Program Title:

Family Planning Clinics.

Contact:

Jean Goodwin, R.N., Instructor
(715)x39-3054.

Description:

At initial and annual visits to the Family Planning Clinics,
clients are asked if they smoke and effects of smoking are dis-
cussed. Relationships between oral contraceptive side
effects and smoking are noted. Handouts are distributed.
Followup is continuous throughout client's participation in the
program.

1492.  PRICE COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
   SERVICE AND HOME CARE AGENCY,
   Courthouse, Phillips, Wisconsin 54555.

Program Title:

Great American Smokeout.

Contact:

Charlene Jebens, R.N., B.S.N., Director
(715)339-3054.

Description:
One day a year, in cooperation with the American Cancer
Society's Great American Smokeout, schools are provided
with buttons, posters, literature, coloring books, comic books,
and movies.

1493.  PRICE COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
    SERVICE AND HOME CARE AGENCY,
   Courthouse, Phillips, Wisconsin 54555.

Program ntie:
Prenatal Classes.

Contact:
Jean Goodwin, R.N., Instructor
(715)339-3054.

377


Description:                              Contact:

As part of a series of prenatal classes, effects of smoking and
living in a smoke-filled environment are discussed. Women
and partners are encouraged to quit or cut down. Women are
polled at future sessions to see if changes were made.

Ms. Debera Wangen-Thala, Supervisor, Health and Fiiness
Services
(608)785-0940 ext. 2251.

Descrlptlon:

1494.  SHAWANO COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE,
    Court House, Shawano, Wisconsin 54166.

Program ntle:
Cardiovascular Risk Reduction.

Contact:

Sandra J. Dodge, R.N., Blood Pressure Coordinator
(715)524-2169.

Descrlptlon:

As part of this program, a tobacco use cessation service is
offered to all participants. The Quit Smart manual and
relaxation tape are available on loan.

1495.  SAINT FRANCIS MEDICAL CENTER, 700 West
    Avenue South, La Crosae, Wisconsin 54601.

Program Title:
Smoke Stoppers.

Contact:

Ms. Debera Wangen-Thala, Supervisor, Health and Fitness
Services
(608)785-0940 ext.2251.

Description:

Smoke Stoppers, developed by the National Center for Health
Promotion, is a three-phase smoking cessation program.
Phase I prepares the individual for quitting; Phase II provides
the techniques, guidance, support, and structure for cessa-
tion; and Phase III provides an ongoing support and
maintenance system.

1496.  SAINT FRANCIS MEDICAL CENTER, 700 West
    Avenue South, La Crosse, Wisconsin 54601.

Program Title:
The Decision Is Yours.

A respiratory therapist speaks to students on the decision to
smoke. information and materials are provided relating to
cigarettes, drugs, and chewing tobacco.

1497.  WINNEBAGO COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH
    NURSE, Park Vlew Health Center, Post Office
    Box 68, Wlnnebago, Wisconsin 54985.

Program Title:
Smoking Education.

Contact:

Ms. Marsha Brightman, Program Coordinator
(414)235-5100.

Description:

The hazards of smoking, especially as related to cardiac and
pulmonary diseases, are discussed with patients and families
individually and in group settings. Printed materials are avail-
able from the March of Dimes, American Heart Association,
American Lung Association, and the U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, and provided to interested
individuals.

1498.  WOOD COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT, Court-
    house, 499 Market Street, Post Office Box 8095,
    Wiaconsln Raplds, Wlsconsln 544959995.

Program Title:
FreshStart.

Contact:

Kandace Marzofka, R.N., P.H.N., Program Coordinator
(715)421-8525.

Description:

The American Cancer Society's FreshStart program isoffered
twice a year to all County employees. For more information,
see the detailed program description in Part 1.

WYOMING

1499.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION OF WYOM-
   ING, INC., 1320 Hugur Avenue, Cheyenne,
   Wyoming 82001-4917.

Program Title:
Calling It Quits.

Contact:
Gretchen Zuber, M.Ed., Program Director
(307)632-l 746.

Description:
The American Heart Association's Calling It Quits program is
offered. For more information, see the detailed program
description in Part 1.

378


1 SW.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOClATlON OF WYOM-
   ING, INC., 1320 Hugur Avenue, Cheyenne,
   Wyomlng 82001-4917.

Program Title:
Save A Sweet Heart.

Contact:

Gretchen Zuber, MM., Program Director
(307)832-l 746.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Save A Sweet Heart
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1501.  AMERICAN HEART ASSOClATlON OF WYOM-
   ING, INC., 1320 Hugur Avenue, Cheyenne,
   Wyoming 82001-4917.

Program Title:

Let's Talk About Smoking.

Contact:

Gretchen Zuber. MM., Program Director
(307)632-1746.

Descrlptlon:

The American Heart Association's Let's Talk About Smoking
program is offered. For more information, see the detailed
program description in Part 1.

1502.  AMERICAN LUNG ASSOClATlON OF WYOMING,
   Post Offlce Box 1128, Cheyenne, Wyomlng
     82001.

Program Mle:
Smoking Education And Cessation.

Contact:

Ms. Patricia Stanley, Executive Director
(303)838-8342.

Description:

The American Lung Association offers a wide range of educa-
tional materials on the topic of smoking. Materials to target
audiences include workplace smoking program; smoking and
pregnancy; self-help and clinic cessation programs
throughout the State; and public education materials, buttons,
and posters.

1593.  WYOMING DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND SO-
   CIAL SERVICES, Hathaway Building, 4th Floor,
    Chsyenne, Wyoming 82002-8710.

Program Tftle:

Health Risk Reduction Program.

Contact:

Mr. Menlo Futa, Public Health Program Representative
(307)777-6011.

Description:

The Health Risk Reduction Program (HRR) is responsible for
smoking activities in Wyoming at the State level. The major
smoking-related objective of the program is to reduce the
proportion of adults who smoke to below 25 percent by 1990.

Smoking activities are carried out in two major areas: school
health education and smoking policies. In the area of school
heafth, HRR distributes I Love Not Smoking coloring books
and its own smoking posters to Wyoming schools. Its efforts
also include lending several films to schools, promoting cur-
riculums that include tobacco education, and participating in
a resource center for tobacco education materials that in-
cludes materials available from the voluntary health organiza-
tions. HRR will also participate in the Smoke-Free Class of
2000 Project with the voluntary organizations.

With regard to program development, HRR has helped to im-
plement a smoking policy for the State Health Department. It
consults with other State agencies, local government, and
private employers in implementing worksite smoking policies.

379


SMOKING AND HEALTH ADVOCACY GROUPS

Collaborative efforts have grown substantially in the past 25
years among voluntary organizations, profit and nonprofit
groups, State and local government entities, and special inter-
est groups that educate the public on the effects of tobacco
use or nonsmokers' rights. In many States, there is active
cooperation on the part of numerous organizations, including
major voluntary groups, such as the ACS, the AHA, and the
ALA; State health and education departments; public health
agencies and associations; health insurers: health care ad-
ministrators; and professional medical groups.

These groups generally focus their efforts on education and
legislation at the State and local levels and provide information
on these efforts to their members. Six States in New England
and eight States in the Rocky Mountain area have formed
regional task forces to accelerate efforts in support of the
challenge for a tobacco-free society. Member donations and
in-kind services support the work of these groups.

the early 1980s. As clean indoor air legislation became a
local priority issue and awareness of the effects of smoking on
health became widespread, some groups consolidated. Other
groups, having accomplisheld their original goals, became
inactive.

Numerous local smoking and health advocacy groups across
the country are currently active and have memberships rang-
ing from a few members to Ihousands. Their work is sup-
ported mainly by dues and private contributions. They
distribute newsletters and lists of restaurants with provisions
for nonsmokers. The groups publish policy information on
worksite smoking for employers and employees, provide
guidelines for advocacy efforts on clean indoor air legislation,
and circulate materials for youth education on the use of
tobacco.

Small grassroots organizations, formed in the 1960s and
1970s were active in promoting public education on the health
effects of smoking. Numerous local nonprofit groups were
formed, and the number of active groups continued to grow in

The groups described above ;are listed alphabetically by State
below. National advocacy organizations are listed in the
jurisdiction where they are headquartered.

ALABAMA

Coalition For A Tobacco-Free Alabama
c/o American Lung Association
Office of Health Promotion and Information
434 Monroe Street - Room 644
Montgomery, Alabama 36130-l 701
(205)261-5095

ALASKA

Nonsmokers Association of Sun City
9914 Hawthorne Drive
Sun City, Arizona 85351
(602)977-7548

Nonsmokers, Inc.
Post Cffice Box 12666
Tucson, Arizona 85732-2666'
(602)323-3699

Alaska Council on Smoking or Health
Post Office Box 201018
Anchorage, Alaska 99520-1028
(907)243-5642

Rocky Mountain Challenge - see Utah

ARKANSAS

ARIZONA

Arizonans Concerned About Smoking in Public Places
1866 East Vinedo Lane
Tempe, Arizona 85284
(602)992-1519

Arizonan; for Nonsmokers' Rights
The Coalition for Smoke-Free Air
Post Office Box 35201
Phoenix, Arizona 85069
(602)938-0838

Arkansans for Nonsmokers' Rights
Post Office Box 7697
Little Rock, Arkansas 72217
(501)378-7870

Arkansas Coalition for a Smoke Free Society
Post Office Box 3857
Little Rock, Arkansas 72203
(501)664-3480 (ACS)
(501)224-5864 (ALA)
(501)375-9148 (AHA)

381


Arkansas Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation
12253 River Crest Drive
Little Rock, Arkansas 72212
(501)225-l 176

CALIFORNIA

Americans for Nonsmokers' Rights
American Nonsmokers' Rights Foundation
Suite 500
2054 University Boulevard
Berkeley, California 94704
(415)841-3032

Coalition on Smoking and Tobacco (COST)
c/o American Cancer Society
Mountain Valley Unit
114 West 7th Avenue
Chico, California 95926
(916)342-4567

Environmental Health Committee
Post Office Box 23817
San Jose, California 05135-3817
(408)256-7967

Stop Teenage Addiction to Tobacco
Post Office Box 50039
Palo Alto, California 94303
(415)723-0059

COLORADO

Aspen GASP
Post Office Box 1594
Aspen, Colorado 81612
(303)925-8990

Coalition for a Tobacco-Free Colorado
1600 Race Street
Denver, Colorado 80207
(303)331-8300

GASP of Colorado
(Group to Alleviate Smoking Pollution)
Post Office Box 12103
Boulder, Colorado 80303-0020
(303)444-9799

Rocky Mountain Challenge - see Utah

Youth Educational Services (YES), Inc.
Suite 1950

1600 Broadway Street
Denver, Colorado 80202
(303)830-6725

CONNECTICUT

Connecticut Coalition on Smoking or Health
c/o Connecticut Interagency Council on Smoking
Connecticut State Department of Heatth
79 Elm Street
Hartford. Connecticut 06101
(203)566-6618
(203)734-4532

New England Coalition for Disease Prevention, Health

  Protection and Health Promotion
Task Force Towards a Smoke Free Society
c/o American Lung Association of Connecticut
South Central Branch
364 Whitney Avenue
New Haven, Connecticut 06511
(203)777-6821
(802)656-4187

World Organization for Science and Health
125 Brett Lane

Fairfield, Connecticut 06430
(203)255-8776

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Action on Smoking and Health
2013 H Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202)659-4310

Advocacy Institute
Suite 600

1730 Rhode Island Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202)659-8475

Coalition on Smoking OR Health
1607 New Hampshire Ave., N.W.
Fourth Floor
Washington, D.C. 20009
(202)234-9000

District of Columbia Interagency Council on
Smoking and Health
1875 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Room 816
Washington, D.C. 20009
(202)673-7786

District of Columbia Tri-Agency Coalition for the
Smoke-Free Class of 2000
c/o American Cancer Society
1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W.
Room 315
Washington, D.C. 20009
(202)483-2600

382


National Council for Clean Indoor Air
Suite 403
316 Pennsylvania Avenue, S.E.
Washington, DC. 20003
(202)547-0005

Tobacco Free America Project
1029 Vermont Avenue, N.W.
Suite 710
Washington, D.C. 20005
(202)628-0277

FLORIDA

GASP of Miami
Post Office Box 45-0952
Miami, Florida 33245-0952
(305)868-l 003

Right to Breathe, Inc.
Post Office Box 7772
Naples, Florida 33941
(813)262-7767

Tri-Agency Florida Coalition on Smoking or Health
c/o American Heart Association, Florida Affiliation
Post Gffice Box 33035
St. Petersburg, Florida 33733-8035
(813)894-7400

GEORGIA

DOC (Doctors Oughta Care)
1423 Harper Street
Augusta, Georgia 30912
(404)721-2739

Georgians Against Smoking Pollution
Post Office Box 450981
Atlanta, Georgia 30345
(404)296-9526

HAWAII

Hawaii Interagency Council on Smoking and Health
245 North Kukui Street
Honolulu, Hawaii 96817
(808)395-2160

Hawaiian Islands Nonsmokers' Organization
109 Poloke Place
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
(808)946-3361

ILLINOIS

Illinois Interagency Council on Tobacco and Disease
1440 West Washington Boulevard
Chicago, Illinois 60607
(312)243-2000

Non-Smokers Singles Club of Northern Illinois
Post Office Box 391
Wauconda, Illinois 60084
(815)385-4755
(312)381-0614

INDIANA

St. Joseph County Interagency Council on

Smoking and Health
c/o United Health Services
711 East Colfax Avenue
South Bend, Indiana 46617
(219)234-3136 *

KANSAS

Citizens for Clean Indoor Air for Greater Kansas City
Post Off ice Box 40454
Overland Park, Kansas 66204.
(913)631-4632

Kansans for Nonsmokers Rights
Post Office Box 204
Topeka, Kansas 66601-0204
(913)272-8180

Smoke Free Class of 2000 Project
c/o American Lung Association of Kansas
4300 Drury Lane
Post Office Box 4426
Topeka, Kansas 66604
(913)272-9290

Task Force on Hazards of Tobacco Consumption
c/o Kansas Department of Health and Environment
Forbes Field

Topeka, Kansas 66620-0001
(913)296-1226

Wichita GASP, Inc.
Box 17062
Wichita, Kansas 67217
(316)584-6876

LOUISIANA

Nonsmokers Rights Council of Louisiana
333 St. Charles Avenue
Suite 500

New Orleans, Louisiana 70130
(504)523-5864

Sierra Club - Delta Chapter
3225 Jena Street
New Orleans, Louisiana 70125
(504)891-0386

383


MAINE

MICHIGAN

The Badvenising Institute
Post Off ice Box 643
Deer Isle, Maine 04627
(207)348-9978

Coalition On Smoking Or Health
c/o Maine Department of Human Services
Division of Health Promotion and Education
Bureau of Health
State House Station 11
Augusta, Maine 04333
(207)289-5180

New England Coalition - see Connecticut

MARYLAND

Bowie GASP
Post Off ice Box 863
Bowie, Maryland 20715
(301)262-5867

Nonsmokers Travel Club
8928 Bradmoor Drive
Bethesda, Maryland 20817
(301)530-l 664

MASSACHUSETTS

Coalition For A Smoke-Free Massachusetts

By The Year 2000
c/o American Heart Association, Massachusetts Affiliate
33 Fourth Avenue
Needham Heights, Massachusetts 02194
(617)449-5931

GASP of Massachusetts
25 Deaconess Road
Harris Hall #421
Boston, Massachusetts 02215
(617)266-2088

Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy
John F. Kennedy School of Government
Harvard University
79 Kennedy Street
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
(617)495-0806

New England Coalition - see Connecticut

Stop Teenage Addiction to Tobacco
Post Off ice Box 60658
Longmeadow, Massachusetts 01116
(413)567-7587

Tobacco Products Liability Project
Northeastern University School of Law
400 Huntington Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02115
(617)437-2026

People Against Tobacco Smoke (PATS)
Post Office Box 4394
Auburn Hills, Michigan 48057
(313)852-7287

MINNESOTA

A Smoke-Free Generation
Health Association Center
2221 University Avenue, SE.
Suite 400

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
(612)927-3526

Association for Nonsmokers - Minnesota
1421 Park Avenue South
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55404
(612)339-1902

Minnesota Coalition for a Smoke-Free Society 2000
Health Association Center
Suite 400

2221 University Avenue, S.E.
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414
(612)378-0902

MISSOURI

Citizens for C1ea.n Indoor Air for Greater

Kansas City -see Kansas
Missouri GASP, Inc.
(Group to Alleviate Smoking Pollution)
6 Manor Lane

St. Louis, Missouri 63135-l 213
(314)521-0299

MONTANA

Rocky Mountain Challenge -see Utah

NEBRASKA

The Nebraska C,lean Indoor Air Coalition
301 Centennial Mall South
Post Off ice Box 95007
Lincoln, Nebraska 68409-5007
(402)471-2101

NEW HAMPSHIRE

New England Coalition-see Connecticut

NEW JERSEY

Environmental Improvement Associates
109 Chestnut Street
Salem, New Jer:sey 08079
(609)935-4200

384


New Jersey GASP
(Group Against Smoking Pollution)
105 Mountain Lane
Summit. New Jersey 07901
(201)273-9368

Tri-Agency Coalition on Smoking or Health
do American Heart Association, New Jersey Affiliate
Post Off ice Box 1900
North Brunswick, New Jersey 08902
(201)821-2610

NEW MEXICO

FRENDS

Favorable Recreational Educational Natural

  Diversified Smokefree Events
Post Off ice Box 25972
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87125
(505)892-0291

New Mexico Committee on the Public Health Impact of

Smoking

Post Office Box 968
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-0968
(505)827-2378
(505)265-0732

New Mexico Nonsmoker Protection Projects
Post Off ice Box 657
Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544
(505)672-9263

The Group to Alleviate Smoking Pollution in New Mexico
GASP of New Mexico
9204 Gutierrez Street
Albuquerque, New Mexicc 87111
(505)888-4694
(505)294-3803

Rocky Mountain Challenge - see Utah

Women Concerned About Smoking
Post Off ice Box 968
Santa Fe, New Mexico 87504-0968
(505)827-2378

NEW YORK

American Council on Science and Health
1995 Broadway, 16th Floor
New York, New York 10023
(212)638-5577

GASP of New York
(Group Against Smoking Pollution)
7 Maxine Avenue
Plainview, New York 11803
(516)938-0080

New Yorkers for Nonsmokers' Rights
432 Livingston Avenue
Albany, New York 12206
(518)436-1148

People for a Smoke-Free Indoors
122 East 57th Street
Suite 4R
New York, New York 10022
(212)832-8858

Right to Breathe
18 Warren Street
McKownville, New York 12203
(518)489-1188

The New York City Anti-Smoking Ad Contest
Suite 32F

375 South End Avenue
New York, New York 10280
(212)269-3843

NORTH CAROLINA

North Carolina GASP
(Group to Alleviate Smoking Pollution)
105 Higbee Street
Durham, North Carolina 27704
(919)471-0988

NORTH DAKOTA

Rocky Mountain Challenge - see Utah

Tobacco Free North Dakota Coalition
c/o North Dakota State Health Department
Capitol Building
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505
(701)224-2493

OHIO

Citizens Against Tobacco Smoke (CATS)
Post Off ice Box 36236
Cincinnati, Ohio 45236
(513)984-8833

Cleveland Non-Smoking Singl'es
23500 Center Ridge Road
West Lake, Ohio 44145
(216)734-7351

Ohio GASP

(Groups Against Smoking Pollsution)
Post Off ice Box 14774
Cleveland, Ohio 44114
(216)321-2320

385


PENNSYLVANIA

Greater Philadelphia Interagency Council on

Smoking and Health
One Reading Center, Suite 800
1101 Market Street
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
(215)592-5450

Group Against Smog and Pollution (GASP)
Post Office Box 5165
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206
(412)441-6650

Nonsmokers Rights Committee
c/o American Lung Association of Southeast Pennsylvania
302 North Main Avenue
Scranton, Pennsylvania 18504
(717)346-l 784

Texas Association1 of Nonsmokers
5201 South Seventh Street
Abilene. Texas 79605
(915)694-0240

Texas Interagency Council on Smoking or Health
c/o American Lung Association of Texas
3520 Executive Center Drive
Suite G-l 00

Austin, Texas 78731-l 698
(512)343-0502

Texas Smoke Free Indoor Air Coalition
c/o American Lung Association of Texas
3520 Executive Center Drive
Suite G-100

Austin, Texas 78731-l 698
(512)343-0502

UTAH

Northwest Pennsylvania Coalition on Smoking and Health
c/o Erie County Department of Health
606 West Second Street
Erie, Pennsylvania 16507
(814)454-5811

Coalition for a Tobacco-Free Utah
c/o Utah Department of Health
288 North 1460 West
Post Office Box 18660

Pittsburgh Association for Nonsmokers' Rights
Post Off ice Box 4983
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206
(412)795-4241

RHODE ISLAND

Salt Lake City, Utah 84116-0660
(801)479-2009

Rocky Mountain Tobacco-Free Challenge
c/o Utah Department of Health
Bureau of Health Promotion and Risk Reduction
288 North 1460 West

New England Coalition -see Connecticut

SOUTH DAKOTA

Salt Lake City, Utah 84116-0660
(801)538-6120

VERMONT

CAPS
(Citizens Against Public Smoking)
Route 2, Box 46
Hitchcock. South Dakota 57348
(605)266-2513

Rocky Mountain Challenge-see Utah

TEXAS

New England Coalition - see Connecticut

VIRGINIA

Northern Virginia GASP
(Group to Alleviate Smoking Pollbtion)
6904 Barnack Drive
Springfield, Virginia 22152
(703)569-4570

ACAT
Association for Clear Air in Texas
Suite 106
2727 lnwood Road
Dallas, Texas 75235
(214)351-2228

Virginia GASP
(Group to Alleviate Smoking in Public Places)
Post Office Box 38134
Richmond, Virginia 23231
(804)795-2006

Caring for Nonsmokers
7022 South Jan Mar Drive
Dallas, Texas 75230
(214)361-6192

FANS
Friends of Austin Nonsmokers
Post Office Box 180451
Austin, Texas 78718
(512)926-9600

Virginia Interagency Council on Tobacco OR Health
c/o American Lung Association
311 South Bouleward
Richmond, Virginia 23221
(804)355-3295

Virginians for Clean Air
Post Off ice Box 5846
Charlottesville, Viirginia 22905
(804)295-9343

386


WASHINGTON

WISCONSIN

FANS
Fresh Air for Nonsmokers
610 South Milroy
Olympia, Washington 98502
(206)866-0352

FANS
Fresh Air for Nonsmokers
Post Office Box 25
Richland, Washington 99352
(509)373-2532

FANS
Fresh Air for Nonsmokers
Post Off ice Box 24052
Seattle, Washington 98124
(206)932-7011

Smoking Policy Institute
Suite 526
914 East Jefferson Street
Seattle, Washington 98122
(206)324-4444

WEST VIRGINIA

Federation of Active Nonsmokers
Post Office Box 2980
Charleston, West Virginia 25339
(304)342-6600

Southern Wisconsin GASP
1342 Pleasant Street
Lake Geneva, Wisconsin 53147
(414)248-0224

Wisconsin Tri-Agency Coalition
c/o American Heart Association of Wisconsin
795 North Van Buren Street
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202
(414)271-9999

WYOMING

Coalition for a Tobacco Free `Wyoming
c/o American Heart Association of Wyoming, Inc.
1320 Hugur Avenue
Cheyenne, Wyoming 820014917
(307)632-l 746

Rocky Mountain Challenge - see Utah

Wyoming GASP
2672 Jefferson Street
Laramie, Wyoming 82070
(307)745-9338

387


SMOKING AND HEALTH ADVOCACY GROUPS

                             VOW
Name oi Organlutlon                  FOUII~

AUhn on Smcklng and Health (DC)            1987
Advocrg hmthJl0 (DC)                  1983
Abalu Camdl on Smcklng or lballh (AK)         1980
Am&m Ccuncll on Sdenm and Hulh (NY-J       1971)
Amrlcrn W NonMoken' Righb (CA)           1978
An?&`km Mnumken' RighN FamdaUon (CA)
Arhonanr Concamad Aboul Smddng In Fubllc Places (Ait) 1076
Afko~n~ bf Nonamok~n' RlphtwThQ Cdltbn
for Smoka-Frr Ak (A?.)                 1sM
AIIWIMM lor Nonan*m' Rlghb (AR)          1803
Adwmsa CeaUbn for a Smoke Free SodMy (AR)      1980
AI(UILU l'kmmdcem' Right9 Fwndatbnr (AR)      1986
A~~~btlon IW Char Ah h Texm (ACAT) (-l-X)       1965
Amoddan for Nonmokam - Mlnnoaob (MN)       1973
Am QASP (CO)                    10&i
The BUWIWWJ IMiUte (ME)
Bowlo (GASP) (MD)                    1975
Odnp br Nonsnmken (TX)                1074
Cltkc-~ Agnlnr( Publie Smdchg (CAPS) (SD)        1064
Cltlzenr A#alnd T- Smcke (CATS) (OH)       1oBs
Cllkena for Cbm lndoa AL
for Qmbr tinsas Cliy (KS)               19&(
Cleveland Non-Smoking Singtea (OH)           1977
CMlllklll Iof. smdl4.F-Frse

WA
N/A

2mo
INDSfORGS
INDSiOROS
700

203
300

200

2ooo

WA
200

150 IND
25BlJa
50

hkrudo~S By lhe vear 2ooa (MA)
Cdtbn lot a Tobacu-Free A!dbamr (AL)
f2&uOnwaT- roe cabmdc (co)
Cdltbn bf A Tdxcc~.Frw IJUh (UT)
Caalltktn fof a Tobacco-Free WWMJ (WY)
C.dltk~ on Smckhg and T&COD (COST) (CA)
C2dllm on Srrpkhg OR Heailh (DC)
CoallIon on Smohlng or Health (ME)
ConMo(lar( C4llbn on Smokkq or Hwllh (Cl-l
D&la Or C&M& InWgenq CarndI

1086
1074
1984

1070
1902

32oRGs
2oofv3.s
2ooFlGs
3oRos
8oFlos
3ORQS
2ooRQs

on Smckhg nd tie&h (LX)                        12ORGS

Dlaflu ol colrmblr TrCAgenq Ccwlltkft
toctheSmokeFmeClauof2OW(DC)          1088
Dockw Oughta Can (DC) (GA)              1970
Envlrwunn(ll Health cOmnlllee (CA)           1983
EnvlmnmnUl lnpmvemenl Aewciale~ (NJ)        197-i

Othrr:lmrnch,2h~llhtacWlk,3women,4Hll2atbn,s~l

ows
INIXRGS

    x
I I


SMOKING AND HEALTH ADVOCACY GROUPS - CONTINUED

Fawnbb Aecrwtbn8l Edrcatbnal Natural
DivenWbd Sn'&@fr~ Evonb (FRENDS) (NM)
Fedemtbn d AcUw Nonwnnksn (WV)
Fresh Air (or Nonsfmkem (FANS-OtynpL) (WA)
Fr-h Ak (or Nonsmoken (FANS-Wchbnd) (WA)
Fmeh Air (or Nonsnxk.n (FANS-SeattkQ (WA)
Fhnds of Austin Nonstiem (FANS) (TX)
GASP d Cobndo (CO)

GASP ot Massahusetts (MA)
GASP ot Miami (FL)

The Group to Albviate Smcking Polbtbn

in New hbxbo (NM)
GASP d New Yofk (NY)

Group Apalnst Smog and PoHmon (GASP) (PA)
Geo@ens Against Smoking PoMbn (GA)
Grealor PhUade~hb Interagency CauncY on Smoking

and Health (PA)

Hawaii lntongenq CouncY on Smckiw~ and Health (HI)
Hawaiian bbnL I~ons~on' Organbat!.% (HI)
lllit30ls Intemgency CouncH on Tobaca and Dbeatro (IL)

VOW
FOWld#d

1984
1972
les0
1075

?*?ooo?? o? ??? ?o??? ? ????*? ??o???? o d Policy (MA) 196(
Kawwm for NonSmcken Rights (KS)           1983
MinnOBOtl Calitbn for a Smoke-Free Socbty 2#X (MN)  lW0
Mlsmurl GASP. Inc. (MO)                 19&(
National CumAl for Clean Indoor Aif (DC)         1986
The Ntia CJean Indoor Ak Coalilbm (NS)
NOW EngLand Coplltbn for Okease ????*o?*?

Heallh PnXectbn and He&h Prommbn (CT)
New Asoy GASP (NJ)
t-kwMsxkoCommheonUwPdlkHdthI~
of Smc+ing (NM)
New Mexico Nontier Protsdbn Projeas (NM)
The New Yolk City AntiSmoking Ad Contest (NY)
NW Yorkon ior Nonsmken' Riihta (NY)
Nonrmoke~ &soddon ol Sun CHy (AZ)
Nonstien, Inc. (AZ)
Nonamokors Righta Committee (PA)
Nansmokon Rights Council oi Louisiar~ (LA)
NonSmkem singles CM d NormOm IMnois (IL)
NonsmokenT~vol Cbb (MO)

lM.5
1974

lS83

1987
1983
1983
1976
lgS2
1975
1963

Olher: 1 reaarch, 2 health faclkka, 3 woman. 4 lltigatbn, 5 social

35
so

1000
450

25

300

IND0RG

34oRGs
WA

35 ORGS
50
ORGS
ORGS
ORGS IN
8 STATES
3ooo

SORGS

WA

so

389


SMOKING AND HEALTH ADVOCACY GROUPS - CONTINUED

Norih CaroMa GASP (NC)
Nonhom Vlrglnia OASP (VA)
Norlhwst Ponnrylvanb Coalkbn on
Smoking and Health IPA)
Ohb&(OH)
Pec+b Againal Tc4acca Smoke (PATS) (MI)
Peopb for I Smoke-Free Indoor8 (NY)
Phtsturgh Aa#odatbn (or Nunstier# Rights (PA)
Riphl to Breath+ (NY)
Right to Breathe. Inc. (FL)
Rod&y Marnlaln T&acco.Froo

Chalbnge (Lrtl

St. .bseph County Interagency Cwndl on Smoking

and Health (IN)

Sbm Chb - DelM Chapter (LA)
Smok. Free Class d Moo Pm@cl (KS]
A SmokeFrw Genoratbn (MN)
Smoking Policy Insthuta (WA)
salhem wbeonshl GASP (WI)
Stop Teenage Addbtbn to Tc&cm (MA)
Sk+ Teenage AddIctIon to Tckwca (CA)
Talk Form on Hea& d Tobaaeo Conwnptbn (KS)
Toma Assocbtbn or Nonsmaken (TX)
Texas Interagency Cwndl on SmcWng or Hoakh pI)
Texas Smako Fro0 In&or Air Cealltbn m)
Totucco Fme Amerlu Prom (DC)
Tobaccs Free North Dakota Coaliibn (ND)
T&CUI Pro&as LbblYty Projw.4 (MA)
T&Agency Coalltbn on Smddng or Hwllh (Ml)
TrMgwcy FbMa Coalltbn on Smoking 01 Health (FL)
Vlr~inb GASP (VA)
Virplnb Inl~mgoncy Cumcil on Tobacm Or HoaRh (VA)
Vlrginim fof Clean Ah (VA)
Wbhlta GASP, Inc. (KS)
Wkandn ThAgency Coalilbn (WI)
Women Concerned Abcut Smoking (NM)
Wortd Oqantzatbn (or Scbnm and Health (Cl-)
WyominO GASP (WV)
YaAh Edrutbnal Services. Inc. (YES) (CO)

VU,
Founded

1996
1960

1883
1964
1966
1976

1979

1884

1973
1999
1997
1964
1995

1985
1965

1993
1966

1986
1984

1983
1999

1996
1975
1982
199S
1993

1997

Olher: 1 research. 2 health facllhbs, 3 won-m", 4 likigatbn. 5 socbl

a0
100

loo0
150
500

ORG.3 IN
9 STATES

8 ORGS
NATAFFIL

M
2cll

loo0

12ORGS

offis

ORGS
20 ORGS
WA

ORGS
250

200
150
INDiORGS
ORGS
WA

x
x

x
x
x
x

x

x

x

x

x
x

x

x
x

x

    Y

x x

x
x
x

x

x
x

1

x

x

x x
    x

    x
x

390

f? U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1990-  7 1 7-  0 2 5  2 9 2 7 1