%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index.html%%==%%Extrasolar Planets%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } // stop hiding --> ...%%==%%18045%%==%%7 Feb 2002%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n stop hiding JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer White Spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer HD 136118 HD 136118 News Alert Planet discovered orbiting HD 136118 A planetary companion has been detected circling the star HD 136118 bringing to 76 the total number of planets thus far discovered orbiting stars other than our Sun FULL STORY gt gt black dot Planet Finder Club now accepting members spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation dot QuickTime 13 5 MB dot Real Player 706 KB Interferometry Science Center Providing expertise in optical interferometry spacer spacer More News New study raises estimate on frequency of extrasolar Jupiters January 18 Jupiter like planets in the Milky Way should be 50 percent more common than indicated by previous analyses according to new research by astronomers at the University of New South Wales UNSW news release Planet found orbiting giant star January 8 The first discovery of a planet orbiting a giant star is providing insight into the fate of planets during the late life cycles stars according to a team of astronomers Shock zone found where planets are born January 8 In research that may help reveal how planets form astronomers have gathered evidence that a shock is created when material falls in toward a dust disk around a growing star NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified February 5 2002 JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets Extrasolar Planets http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_010302.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } // stop hiding --> ...%%==%%18802%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n stop hiding JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site nbsp spacer White Spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant News Alert Astronomers find Jupiter sized planet orbiting star in Big Dipper A team of astronomers has found a Jupiter sized planet orbiting a faint nearby star similar to our Sun FULL STORY gt gt black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system black dot 4 Ways to Find a Planet spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer Missions spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation dot QuickTime 13 5 MB dot Real Player 706 KB spacer spacer More News Hubble measures atmosphere on world around another star November 27 Astronomers using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have made the first direct detection and chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system More planets emerge with solar system like orbits October 15 An international team has discovered eight new extrasolar planets bringing to nearly 80 the number of planets found orbiting nearby stars Hints of planet size objects bewilder Hubble scientists June 27 Scientists are mystified by what may be unexpected wandering planet sized objects A new image taken by NASA s Hubble Space Telescope implies the presence of these objects NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010302 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010302 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010302 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010302 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/sitemap.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Sitemap%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%18375%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SITE MAP spacer Overview Science nbsp nbsp History nbsp nbsp Origins of Stars and Planets nbsp nbsp Finding Planets nbsp nbsp Finding Life Technology nbsp Interferometry nbsp nbsp Planet Imaging nbsp nbsp Formation Flying Missions nbsp nbsp Summary nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Terrestrial Planet Finder nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Science Goals nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Technology Goals nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Project Status nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Quick Facts nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Team nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Keck Interferometer nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Science Goals nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Technology Goals nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Project Status nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Quick Facts nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Team nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Space Interferometry Mission nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Science Goals nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Technology Goals nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Project Status nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Quick Facts nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Team nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Starlight New Worlds Atlas Multimedia Gallery Educator Resources Web Showcase The Planet Finder Club News Archive Engineers amp Scientists nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Terrestrial Planet Finder nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp News and Announcements nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Library Copyright Information Glossary Feedback spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap Planet Quest Sitemap http planetquest jpl nasa gov sitemap html http planetquest jpl nasa gov sitemap html http planetquest jpl nasa gov sitemap html http planetquest jpl nasa gov sitemap html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/copyright.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Copyright%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%11715%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer COPYRIGHT INFORMATION spacer For information on the use of images from the Planet Quest site please see the JPL image policy For general copyright information please visit Caltech s Copyright Tutorial page For information on possible copyright infringement please visit Caltech s Copyright Infringement page spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright Planet Quest Copyright http planetquest jpl nasa gov copyright html http planetquest jpl nasa gov copyright html http planetquest jpl nasa gov copyright html http planetquest jpl nasa gov copyright html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/feedback.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Feedback%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%11757%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer FEEDBACK spacer If you have a question a comment or technical problem related to this site please contact us at pqfeedback jpl nasa gov We welcome your input Mailing address Planet Quest The search for another Earth Mail Stop 301 451 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena California 91109 818 354 4321 Media Information About JPL spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback Planet Quest Feedback http planetquest jpl nasa gov feedback html http planetquest jpl nasa gov feedback html http planetquest jpl nasa gov feedback html http planetquest jpl nasa gov feedback html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/finding_planets.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - History%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site ...%%==%%22307%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site nbsp White Dot History spacer spacer White Dot Origins of Stars and Planets spacer White Dot Finding Planets spacer White Dot Finding Life spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SCIENCE gt FINDING PLANETS spacer Multiple methods help track elusive quarry Astrometric displacement of the Sun due to Jupiter as at it would be observed from 10 parsecs or about 33 light years Astrometric displacement of the Sun due to Jupiter as at it would be observed from 10 parsecs or about 33 light years Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 4 Ways to Find a Planet Blue Line The first planets to be found around nearby stars have never been seen Instead astronomers have discovered them through indirect techniques which infer the existence of an unseen companion through its effects on the star itself So far these methods have only turned up huge planets that probably don t harbor life However future missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder and its precursors will search for direct evidence of new planets as small as Earth The challenges of observing extrasolar planets stem from three basic facts Planets don t produce any light of their own They are an enormous distance from us They are lost in the blinding glare of their parent stars For example if there were a planet orbiting Proxima Centauri the nearest star it would be 7 000 times more distant than Pluto Trying to observe this planet would be like standing in Boston and looking for a moth near a spotlight in San Diego The following is an overview of some of the planet detection methods that have thus far proved successful as well as other methods currently in development spacer Astrometric measurement Precise measurement of the position of stars called astrometry tells us the extent of the star s movement induced from a planet s gravitational tug From that information scientists can deduce the planet s mass and orbit Why does a planet cause a star to sway If a star has a single companion both move in nearly circular orbits around their common center of mass Even if one body is much smaller the laws of physics dictate that both will orbit the center of the combined star and planet system The center of mass is the point at which the two bodies balance each other The planets of our solar system have this effect on the Sun producing a to and fro motion that could be detected by an observer positioned several light years away An important goal of the Space Interferometry Mission is to detect the presence of Earth size planets orbiting nearby solar type stars via narrow angle astrometry Similarly the Keck Interferometry will conduct an astrometric survey of hundreds of stars to search for planets with masses as small as Uranus spacer Doppler shift due to stellar wobble In terms of the number planets discovered this method has been one of the most successful As with astrometry radial velocity method measures slight changes in a star s position as the star and the planet move about their common center of mass In this case however the motion detected is toward the observer and away from the observer Astronomers can detect these variances by analyzing the spectrum of starlight In an effect known as Doppler shift light waves from a star moving toward us are shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum If the star is moving away the light waves shift toward the red end of the spectrum This happens because the waves become compressed when the star is approaching the observer and spread out when the star is receding The effect is similar to the change in pitch we hear in a train s whistle as it approaches and passes The larger the planet and the closer it is to the host star the faster the star moves about the center of mass causing a larger color shift in the spectrum of starlight That s why many of the first planets discovered are Jupiter class 300 times as massive as Earth with orbits very close to their parent stars The larger the planet and the closer it is to the host star the faster the star moves about the center of mass causing a larger color shift in the spectrum of starlight That s why many of the first planets discovered are Jupiter class 300 times as massive as Earth with orbits very close to their parent stars spacer Transit Method If a planet passes directly between a star and an observer s line of sight it blocks out a tiny portion of the star s light thus reducing its apparent brightness Sensitive instruments can detect this periodic dip in brightness From the period and depth of the transits the orbit and size of the planetary companions can be calculated Smaller planets will produce a smaller effect and vice versa A terrestrial planet in an Earth like orbit for example would produce a minute dip in stellar brightness that would last just a few hours spacer Gravitational Microlensing Light from a distant star is bent and focused by gravity as a planet passes between the star and Earth This method derives from one of the insights of Einstein s theory of general relativity gravity bends space We normally think of light as traveling in a straight line but light rays become bent when passing through space that is warped by the presence of a massive object such as a star This effect has been proven by observations of the Sun s gravitational effect on starlight When a planet happens to pass in front of a host star along our line of sight the planet s gravity will behave like a lens This focuses the light rays and causes a temporary sharp increase in brightness and change of the apparent position of the star Astronomers can use the gravitational microlensing effect to find objects that emit no light or are otherwise undetectable Direct Detection Since planets do not give off their own light observing them directly presents formidable challenges Missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder will rely on advanced technologies that can harness special properties of light to extend our vision For a more detailed discussion of planet imaging see LINK TO IMAGING ARTICLE spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History http planetquest jpl nasa gov finding planets html http planetquest jpl nasa gov finding planets html http planetquest jpl nasa gov finding planets html http planetquest jpl nasa gov finding planets html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_shock_zone.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } // stop hiding --> ...%%==%%18574%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n stop hiding JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer White Spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157 located in the Cepheus constellation were made using Caltech s Owens Valley Millimeter Array near Bishop California Protostellar Disk L1157 News Alert Shock zone found where planets are born In research that may help reveal how planets form astronomers have gathered evidence that a shock is created when material falls in toward a dust disk around a growing star FULL STORY gt gt black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation dot QuickTime 13 5 MB dot Real Player 706 KB Interferometry Science Center Providing expertise in optical interferometry spacer spacer More News Hubble measures atmosphere on world around another star November 27 Astronomers using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have made the first direct detection and chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system More planets emerge with solar system like orbits October 15 An international team has discovered eight new extrasolar planets bringing to nearly 80 the number of planets found orbiting nearby stars Hints of planet size objects bewilder Hubble scientists June 27 Scientists are mystified by what may be unexpected wandering planet sized objects A new image taken by NASA s Hubble Space Telescope implies the presence of these objects NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index shock zone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index shock zone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index shock zone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index shock zone html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_afs.html%%==%%JPL Template%%==%%Some Helpful Links: &#149 ELIAS &#149 AFS User Guide &#149 JPL Daily Planet &#149 Web Services &#149 Image Directory &#149 JPL Top Banner &nbsp; ...%%==%%4339%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Some Helpful Links 149 ELIAS 149 AFS User Guide 149 JPL Daily Planet 149 Web Services 149 Image Directory 149 JPL Top Banner nbsp This template is provided to get you started writing your own home page Open this file in a text editor and change or delete the headers paragraph text images lists etc as needed After you finish customizing this template make sure it is saved as index html the name it now has Your default home page file must be named index html for your personal website to have an automatic table of contents Your best guide to AFS webspace and HTML resources is on the JPL File Service home page under Web Services There you will find a full rundown on HTML resources server information the EIS Image collection CGI BIN programs already installed how to control access to your website and where to find access and error logs The JPL image to the left as well as the My JPL Home Page banner can be found in the EIS Image Collection These images and others like it are made available to enhance your website The banner is the currently recommended style for JPL website banners For more information on the banner the requirements for the top black area and how to integrate the image into your website see JPL Black Nav Bar Tutorial JPL File Service supports the web server eis jpl nasa gov but we cannot offer user support for creating your web pages at this time You should however be able to get a good start using the resources at Web Services as mentioned above Good luck and have fun Replace With Your Contact E mail Address JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template JPL Template http planetquest jpl nasa gov index afs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index afs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index afs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index afs html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index-search.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } // stop hiding --> ...%%==%%18692%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n stop hiding JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer White Spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system News Alert Planet searches highlight agenda for Astronomical Society meeting The emergence of extrasolar planet studies as a scientific priority is reflected in the program for the 199th meeting of the American Astronomical Society which opens this week in Washington D C FULL STORY gt gt black dot 4 Ways to Find a Planet black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation dot QuickTime 13 5 MB dot Real Player 706 KB Interferometry Science Center Providing expertise in optical interferometry spacer spacer More News Hubble measures atmosphere on world around another star November 27 Astronomers using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have made the first direct detection and chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system More planets emerge with solar system like orbits October 15 An international team has discovered eight new extrasolar planets bringing to nearly 80 the number of planets found orbiting nearby stars Hints of planet size objects bewilder Hubble scientists June 27 Scientists are mystified by what may be unexpected wandering planet sized objects A new image taken by NASA s Hubble Space Telescope implies the presence of these objects NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index-old.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } // stop hiding --> ...%%==%%18743%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n stop hiding JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer White Spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system News Alert Planet searches highlight agenda for Astronomical Society meeting The emergence of extrasolar planet studies as a scientific priority is reflected in the program for the 199th meeting of the American Astronomical Society which opens this week in Washington D C FULL STORY gt gt black dot 4 Ways to Find a Planet black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation dot QuickTime 13 5 MB dot Real Player 706 KB Interferometry Science Center Providing expertise in optical interferometry spacer spacer More News Hubble measures atmosphere on world around another star November 27 Astronomers using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have made the first direct detection and chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system More planets emerge with solar system like orbits October 15 An international team has discovered eight new extrasolar planets bringing to nearly 80 the number of planets found orbiting nearby stars Hints of planet size objects bewilder Hubble scientists June 27 Scientists are mystified by what may be unexpected wandering planet sized objects A new image taken by NASA s Hubble Space Telescope implies the presence of these objects NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index old html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_110101.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section ...%%==%%18004%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant News Alert Astronomers find Jupiter sized planet orbiting star in Big Dipper A team of astronomers has found a Jupiter sized planet orbiting a faint nearby star similar to our Sun FULL STORY gt gt black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system black dot 4 Ways to Find a Planet spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer Missions spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation spacer spacer Planet Birth Ad More News First Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Second Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Third Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Fourth Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright FAQ Employment Feedback Site Map document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 110101 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 110101 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 110101 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 110101 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_html.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section ...%%==%%18935%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site spacer OVERVIEW SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY NEW WORLDS ATLAS MULTIMEDIA GALLERY MEET THE EXPLORERS EDUCATOR RESOURCES MISSIONS WEB SHOWCASE GAMES spacer spacer nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp The Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant News Alert Astronomers find Jupiter sized planet orbiting star in Big Dipper A team of astronomers has found a Jupiter sized planet orbiting a faint nearby star similar to our Sun FULL STORY gt gt black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system black dot 4 Ways to Find a Planet spacer spacer Missions spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation spacer spacer Planet Birth Ad More News First Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Second Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Third Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Fourth Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright FAQ Employment Feedback Site Map document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index html html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_test.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section ...%%==%%17149%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant News Alert Astronomers find Jupiter sized planet orbiting star in Big Dipper A team of astronomers has found a Jupiter sized planet FULL STORY gt gt black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system black dot 4 Ways to Find a Planet spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation spacer spacer Planet Birth Ad More News First Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Second Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Third Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Fourth Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Total weight for this page is 80 39 Kb Copyright FAQ Employment Feedback Site Map document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index test html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index test html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index test html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index test html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_with_module.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section ...%%==%%17440%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Image News Alert Design Concept Selected for Terrestrial Planet Finder A design concept for TPF has been chosen and it looks pretty good CLICK HERE TO SEE QTVR MODULE gt gt black dot Precision Flight Game black dot How Interferometry Works More News spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation spacer spacer Planet Birth Ad More News First Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Second Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Third Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here Fourth Headline Text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here text goes here NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Total weight for this page is 80 39 Kb Copyright FAQ Employment Feedback Site Map document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index with module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index with module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index with module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index with module html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/navigation_bar_off.html%%==%%navigation_bar%%==%%...%%==%%816%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar off html http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar off html http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar off html http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar off html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/navigation_bar_on.html%%==%%navigation_bar%%==%%...%%==%%810%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar navigation bar http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar on html http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar on html http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar on html http planetquest jpl nasa gov navigation bar on html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planet_quest_left_nav_off.html%%==%%planet_quest_left_nav%%==%%...%%==%%1148%%==%%8 Jan 2002%%==%% planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav off html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav off html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav off html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav off html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planet_quest_left_nav_on.html%%==%%planet_quest_left_nav%%==%%...%%==%%1145%%==%%8 Jan 2002%%==%% planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav on html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav on html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav on html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav on html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planet_quest_left_nav_stea.html%%==%%planet_quest_left_nav%%==%%...%%==%%1178%%==%%8 Jan 2002%%==%% planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav planet quest left nav http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav stea html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav stea html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav stea html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planet quest left nav stea html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Samples.html%%==%%Planet Quest Samples%%==%%Flash and QTVR Samples appear in separate browser window. Planet Finder Flash 4 Ways to Find a Planet Flash QTVR Sample ...%%==%%917%%==%%8 Jan 2002%%==%% Flash and QTVR Samples appear in separate browser window Planet Finder Flash 4 Ways to Find a Planet Flash QTVR Sample Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples Planet Quest Samples http planetquest jpl nasa gov Samples html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Samples html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Samples html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Samples html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_010802.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } // stop hiding --> ...%%==%%18743%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n stop hiding JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer White Spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system News Alert Planet searches highlight agenda for Astronomical Society meeting The emergence of extrasolar planet studies as a scientific priority is reflected in the program for the 199th meeting of the American Astronomical Society which opens this week in Washington D C FULL STORY gt gt black dot 4 Ways to Find a Planet black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation dot QuickTime 13 5 MB dot Real Player 706 KB Interferometry Science Center Providing expertise in optical interferometry spacer spacer More News Hubble measures atmosphere on world around another star November 27 Astronomers using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have made the first direct detection and chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system More planets emerge with solar system like orbits October 15 An international team has discovered eight new extrasolar planets bringing to nearly 80 the number of planets found orbiting nearby stars Hints of planet size objects bewilder Hubble scientists June 27 Scientists are mystified by what may be unexpected wandering planet sized objects A new image taken by NASA s Hubble Space Telescope implies the presence of these objects NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010802 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010802 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010802 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index 010802 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/index_search.html%%==%%Planet Quest Home Page%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } // stop hiding --> ...%%==%%18648%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n stop hiding JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Home Page Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer White Spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157 located in the Cepheus constellation were made using Caltech s Owens Valley Millimeter Array near Bishop California Protostellar Disk L1157 News Alert Shock zone found where planets are born In research that may help reveal how planets form astronomers have gathered evidence that a shock is created when material falls in toward a dust disk around a growing star FULL STORY gt gt black dot 3D Model of an extrasolar system spacer Missions Title Graphic spacer spacer Keck Interferometer Looking for planets in distant solar systems dot Virtual Tour spacer StarLight The first formation flying space telescope dot 3D Model spacer Space Interferometry Mission Taking the measure of the universe dot 3D Model spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Investigating the origins of stars planets and life dot Animation dot QuickTime 13 5 MB dot Real Player 706 KB Interferometry Science Center Providing expertise in optical interferometry spacer spacer More News Hubble measures atmosphere on world around another star November 27 Astronomers using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have made the first direct detection and chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system More planets emerge with solar system like orbits October 15 An international team has discovered eight new extrasolar planets bringing to nearly 80 the number of planets found orbiting nearby stars Hints of planet size objects bewilder Hubble scientists June 27 Scientists are mystified by what may be unexpected wandering planet sized objects A new image taken by NASA s Hubble Space Telescope implies the presence of these objects NEWS ARCHIVE gt gt Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page Planet Quest Home Page http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov index search html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF_movies/hypertelescope_quickTime.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Hyper-Telescope spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the &quot;Play&quot; button to view presentation. ...%%==%%3003%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Hyper Telescope spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation Hyper Telescope Animation Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope quickTime html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF_movies/hypertelescope_realPlayer.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Hyper-Telescope spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the &quot;Play&quot; button to view ...%%==%%3338%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Hyper Telescope spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation Hyper Telescope Animation Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies hypertelescope realPlayer html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF_movies/TPF_quickTime.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo TPF "free-flyer" Concept spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the &quot;Play&quot; button to ...%%==%%3281%%==%%10 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo TPF free flyer Concept spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation TPF free flyer Concept This animation shows the deployment of TPF as a five element interferometer array It represents one of several possible concepts under study for TPF Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF quickTime html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF_movies/TPF_realPlayer.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo TPF "free-flyer" Concept spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the &quot;Play&quot; button ...%%==%%3593%%==%%10 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo TPF free flyer Concept spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation TPF free flyer Concept This animation shows the deployment of TPF as a five element interferometer array It represents one of several possible concepts under study for TPF Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF movies TPF realPlayer html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/engSci_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%12766%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Special Events and More spacer spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS spacer Select from the projects below for links to news announcements publications and other resources of interest to specialists Keck Interferometer News and Announcements Library Space Interferometry Mission News and Announcements Library Introductions and Overviews Technical Papers Internal Library Material for SIM advocates Terrestrial Planet Finder News and Announcements Library NASA publications and resources Astrophysics Technology The Interferometry Science Center Support for all missions listed on this page is provided by the Interferometry Science Center ISC a science operations and analysis service sponsored by the Origins theme and operated by the California Institute of Technology The ISC facilitates timely and successful execution of projects that use interferometry a key technology in the Origins Program spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci engSci index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci engSci index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci engSci index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci engSci index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/tpf_engSci.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%11014%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS gt TPF spacer The Terrrestrial Planet Finder professional area is intended as a resource for scientists and engineers and students and teachers in secondary education Here you will find news and research announcements links to publications available on the Internet and resources for further research Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer News and Announcements Library NASA publications and resources Astrophysics Technology Web Resource The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia Provides up to date information and publications on extrasolar planet searches Science Working Group Personnel presentations and research announcements Meetings Technology Working Group Personnel presentations and research announcements Meetings Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf engSci html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf engSci html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf engSci html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf engSci html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/tpf_library.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%11674%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS gt TPF gt LIBRARY spacer Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer NASA publications and resources TOPS Toward Other Planetary Systems NASA Science Working Group report outlining a program to search for extrasolar planets the study of their properties and the more general study of circumstellar and protostellar material PDF file ExNPS Roadmap A roadmap for the Exploration of Neighboring Planetary Systems summarizing the efforts of a large group of scientists and engineers The ExNPS roadmap recommends a combination of individual and ground and space based projects ensuring a continuous stream of important discoveries TPF Book Origins of Stars Planets and Life May 1999 PDF file TPF Overview and Response to the UVOIR Panel PDF file NASA s TPF The Search for Habitable Planets by Chas Beichman A presentation at the 193rd Meeting of the American Astronomical Society 5 9 January 1999 in Austin Texas Astrophysics CONTENT TO COME Technology CONTENT TO COME Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf library html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/tpf_news.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10270%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS gt TPF gt NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS spacer Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer December 2001 Final Architecture Review to be posted when report is available January 8 2001 The July 2001 letter to NASA Origins Director Anne Kinney from Alan Dressler Chair of the Origins Subcommittee contains an updated assessment of progress with SIM TPF and the Keck Interferometer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci tpf news html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/hs~engSci_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%12715%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Special Events and More spacer spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS spacer Select from the projects below for links to news announcements publications and other resources of interest to specialists Keck Interferometer News and Announcements Library Space Interferometry Mission News and Announcements Library Introductions and Overviews Technical Papers Internal Library Material for SIM advocates Terrestrial Planet Finder News and Announcements Library NASA publications and resources Astrophysics Technology The Interferometry Science Center Support for all missions listed on this page is provided by the Interferometry Science Center ISC a science operations and analysis service sponsored by the Origins theme and operated by the California Institute of Technology The ISC facilitates timely and successful execution of projects that use interferometry a key technology in the Origins Program spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs engSci index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs engSci index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs engSci index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs engSci index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/hs~tpf_engSci.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10963%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS gt TPF spacer The Terrrestrial Planet Finder professional area is intended as a resource for scientists and engineers and students and teachers in secondary education Here you will find news and research announcements links to publications available on the Internet and resources for further research Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer News and Announcements Library NASA publications and resources Astrophysics Technology Web Resource The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia Provides up to date information and publications on extrasolar planet searches Science Working Group Personnel presentations and research announcements Meetings Technology Working Group Personnel presentations and research announcements Meetings Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf engSci html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf engSci html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf engSci html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf engSci html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/hs~tpf_library.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%11623%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS gt TPF gt LIBRARY spacer Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer NASA publications and resources TOPS Toward Other Planetary Systems NASA Science Working Group report outlining a program to search for extrasolar planets the study of their properties and the more general study of circumstellar and protostellar material PDF file ExNPS Roadmap A roadmap for the Exploration of Neighboring Planetary Systems summarizing the efforts of a large group of scientists and engineers The ExNPS roadmap recommends a combination of individual and ground and space based projects ensuring a continuous stream of important discoveries TPF Book Origins of Stars Planets and Life May 1999 PDF file TPF Overview and Response to the UVOIR Panel PDF file NASA s TPF The Search for Habitable Planets by Chas Beichman A presentation at the 193rd Meeting of the American Astronomical Society 5 9 January 1999 in Austin Texas Astrophysics CONTENT TO COME Technology CONTENT TO COME Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf library html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/engSci/hs~tpf_news.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10219%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer ENGINEERS AND SCIENTISTS gt TPF gt NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS spacer Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer December 2001 Final Architecture Review to be posted when report is available January 8 2001 The July 2001 letter to NASA Origins Director Anne Kinney from Alan Dressler Chair of the Origins Subcommittee contains an updated assessment of progress with SIM TPF and the Keck Interferometer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov engSci hs tpf news html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/flash_ad/4_ways_animation7_short.html%%==%%4_ways_animation7_short%%==%%...%%==%%716%%==%%19 Nov 2001%%==%% 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short 4 ways animation7 short http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation7 short html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation7 short html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation7 short html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation7 short html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/flash_ad/4_ways_animation_6.html%%==%%4 ways animation 6%%==%%...%%==%%715%%==%%16 Nov 2001%%==%% 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 4 ways animation 6 http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways animation 6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/flash_ad/4_ways_new_buttons.html%%==%%4 ways new buttons%%==%%...%%==%%715%%==%%4 Dec 2001%%==%% 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways new buttons html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways new buttons html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways new buttons html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad 4 ways new buttons html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/flash_ad/hs~4_ways_new_buttons.html%%==%%4 ways new buttons%%==%%...%%==%%715%%==%%4 Dec 2001%%==%% 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons 4 ways new buttons http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad hs 4 ways new buttons html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad hs 4 ways new buttons html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad hs 4 ways new buttons html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad hs 4 ways new buttons html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/flash_ad/planetAd.html%%==%%planetAd%%==%%\n'); document.write('on error resume next \n'); document.write('Sub planetAd_FSCommand(ByVal command, ByVal args)\n'); document.write(' call planetAd_DoFSCommand(command, args)\n'); document.write('end sub\n'); document.write(' \n'); } //--> ...%%==%%2425%%==%%5 Dec 2001%%==%% n document write on error resume next n document write Sub planetAd FSCommand ByVal command ByVal args n document write call planetAd DoFSCommand command args n document write end sub n document write n planetAd planetAd planetAd planetAd planetAd planetAd planetAd planetAd planetAd planetAd http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad planetAd html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad planetAd html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad planetAd html http planetquest jpl nasa gov flash ad planetAd html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/gallery_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Interactive Gallery%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%18458%%==%%8 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer INTERACTIVE GALLERY spacer VIRTUAL REALITY 3D StarLight Use your mouse to control a pair of precision spacecraft in this simulation of the StarLight mission These autonomous spacecraft will work together to create the most sensitive telescope ever deployed in space Requires Cult3D plugin 3D StarLight spacer topnav 3D Space Interferometry Mission Interact with this animated simulation of a space observatory that will be sensitive enough to detect planets just slightly larger than Earth Requires Cult3D plugin 3D Space Interferometry Mission spacer 3D Extrasolar Planetary System Explore upsilon Andromedae the first solar system discovered around a nearby star Click on individual planets for close up views Requires Cult3D plugin 3D Extrasolar Planetary System spacer Keck Virtual Tour Roam through the corridors and domes of the world s largest and most powerful observatory located atop an extinct volcano in Hawaii Requires QuickTime Keck Virtual Tour spacer ANIMATIONS AND VIDEOS Four Ways to Find a Planet Lean about the various methods scientists are using to discover new worlds with this fun and funny tutorial Requires Flash Four Ways to Find a Planet spacer Webcast Any Earthlike Planets Out There How did we get here Are we alone These tantalizing questions are addressed in two free public lectures called The Hunt for Earthlike Planets The lecture is now available in JPL s webcast archives Webcast Any Earthlike Planets Out There spacer Overview The Search Begins A brief visual introduction to the quest for new worlds Requires Flash Overview The Search Begins spacer TPF free flyer concept Animated demonstration of one concept for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Requires QuickTime or RealPlayer QuickTime 13 5 MB nbsp nbsp Real Player 706 KB TPF free flyer concept spacer Hyper Telescope Preview a futuristic concept for finding Earth sized planets Requires QuickTime or RealPlayer QuickTime 1 5 MB nbsp nbsp Real Player 89 KB Hyper Telescope spacer Keck Interferometer Find out how two giant telescopes are combined to create an even bigger one Keck Interferometer spacer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery Planet Quest Interactive Gallery http planetquest jpl nasa gov gallery gallery index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov gallery gallery index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov gallery gallery index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov gallery gallery index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/b.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13691%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z binary stars Pairs of stars that orbit around their common center of mass black body radiation Radiation emitted by a hypothetical perfect radiator The spectrum is continuous and the wavelegth of maximum emission depends on the body s temperature black hole A mass that has collapsed to such a small volume that its gravity prevents the escape of all radiation Also the volume of space from which radiation may not escape brown dwarf A star whose omass is too low to ignite nuclear fusion Heated by contraction spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary b html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/c.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%16426%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z calibration The establishment of the relationship between a parameter that is easily determined and a parameter that is more difficult to determine For example the periods of Cepheids variables have been calibrated to reveal the absolute magnitudes which can then be used to find distances Thus astronomers say Capheids have been calibrated as distance indicators Cambrian period A geological period 0 6 0 5 billion years ago during which life on Earth became diverse and complex Cambrian rocks caontain the oldest easily identifiable fossiles celestial equator The imaginiary line around the sky directly above the Earth s equator celestial pole north or south One of the two points on the celestial sphere directly above Earth s poles celestial sphere An imaginary sphere of very large radius surrounding Earth on which the planets stars sun and moons seem to be moving center of mass The balance point of a body or system of masses The point about which a body or system of masses rotates in the absence of external forces Cepheid Variable star with a period of 60 days whose period of variation is related to its luminosity Collectively all such stars with similar spectra and period luminosity realtionships charge coupled device CCD An electronic device consisting of a large array of light sensitive elements used to record very faint images Also used as electronic film in digital cameras and portable video recorders chemical evolution The chemical process that led to the growth of complex molecules on primitive Earth This did not involve the reproduction of molecules chromatic aberration A distortion found in refracting telescopes because lenses focus different colors at slightly different distances Images are consequently surrounded by colored bands conservation of energy law One of the basic laws of stellar structure The amount of energy flowing out of a given volume must equal the amount coming in plus whatever energy is generated within this volume of space constellation One of the stellar patterns identified by name usually of mythological gods people animals and objects Also the region of the sky containing that star pattern continuous spectrum A spectrum in which there are no absorption or emission lines cosmological principle The assumption that any observer in any galaxy sees the same general features of the universe cosmology The study of the nature origin and evolution of the universe spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary c html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary c html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary c html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary c html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/d.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14752%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z degree Measure of angle A right angle equals 90 degree The apparent diameter of the full moon is about half a degree density wave theory Theory proposed to account for spiral arms as compressions of the interstellar medium in the disk of galaxies differential rotation The rotation of a body in which different parts of the body have different periods of rotation This is true of the Sun the Jovian planets and the disk of the galaxy differentiation The separation of planetary material according to density diffraction fringe Blurred fringe surrounding any image caused by the wave properties of light Because of this image detail smaller than the fringe can be seen distance indicator Objects whose luminosity of diameter is known Used to find the distance to a star cluster or galaxy distance modulus The different between the apparent and absolute magnitude of a star A measure of how far away the star is DNA deoxyribonucleic acid The long carbon chain molecule that records information to govern the biological activity of the organism DNA carries the genetic data passed to offspring Doppler effect The change in wavelength of radiation due to relative radial motion of source and observer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary d html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary d html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary d html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary d html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/e.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14349%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z eclipsing binary A binary star system in which the stars eclipse each other ecliptic The apparent path of the Sun around the sky electromagnetic radiation Changing electric and magnetic fields that travel through space and transfer energy from one place to the other examples are light or radio waves electron Low mass particle carrying negative charge enzyme Special protein that controls processes in an organism ESA European Space Administration event horizon The boundary of the region of a black hole from which no radiation may escape No event that occurs within the event horizon is visible to a distant observer evolutionary track The path a star follows in the H R diagramm as it gradually changes its surface temperature and luminosity extrasolar planet A planet in orbit around a star other than the Sun spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary e html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary e html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary e html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary e html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/f.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13235%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z flux A measure of the flow of energy out of a surface Usually applied to light focal length The focal length of a lense is the distance from the lense to the point where it focusses parallel rays of light spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary f html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary f html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary f html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary f html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/g.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13991%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z geocentric universe A model universe with Earth at the center such as the Ptolemaic universe giant star Large cool highly luminous star in the upper right of the H R diagramm Typically 10 100 times the diameter of the Sun globular star cluster A star cluster containing 100 000 1 million stars in a sphere about 75 light years in diameter Generally old metal poor and found in the spherical component of the galaxy grating A piece of material in which numerous microscopic parallel lines are scribed Light encountering a grating is dispersed to form a spectrum gravitational lens The focusing of light from a distant object by an intervening massive object to change the apparent brightness or produce multiple images of the distant object spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary g html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary g html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary g html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary g html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/glossary.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%15618%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z absolute visual magnitude Intrinsic brightness of a star The apparent visual magnitude the star would have if it were 10 pc away absorption line A dark line in a spectrum Produced by the absence of photons because they were absorbed by atoms or molecules absorption spectrum A spectrum that contains absorption lines accretion disk The whirling disk of gas that form around a compact object such as a white dwarf neutron star or black hole as matter is drawn in active galactic nuclei AGN The centers of active galaxies that are emitting large amounts of excess energy active galaxy A galaxy whose center emits large amounts of excess energy often in the from of radio emission Active galaxies are suspected of having massive black holes in their centers into which matter is flowing albedo The ratio of the light reflected from an object divided by the light that hits the object Albedo equals 0 for perfectly black and 1 for perfectly white Angstrom A unit of distance 1 Angstrom 10 10 meters 0 000 000 000 1 m Commonly used to measure the wavelength of light Visible light ranges from about 4000 Angstrom blue to to about 7000 Angstrom red angular momentum A measure of the tendency of a rotating body to continue rotating Mathematically the product of mass velocity and radius aphelion The orbital point of greates distance from the Sun apogee The point farthest from the Earth in a body circling the Earth apparent visusal magnitude The brightness of a star as seen by human eyes astronomical unit AU Average distance from Earth to the Sun 150 million km or 93 million miles atmospheric window Wavelength region in which our atmosphere is transparent at visual infrared and radio wavelengths spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary glossary html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary glossary html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary glossary html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary glossary html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/h.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14334%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z habitable zone A region around a star within which a planet can have temperatures that permit liquid water halo The spherical region of a spiral galaxy containing a thin scattering of stars star clusters and small amounts of gas heliocentric universe A model of the universe with the Sun at the center such as the Copernical universe Hertzsprung Russel H R diagram A plot of the intrinsic brightness versus the surface temperature of stars It separates the effects of temperature and surface area on stellar luminosities Commonly plotted as absolute magnitude versus spectral type but also as luminosity versus surface temperature or color Hubble constant A measure of the rate of expansion of the universe The average value of velocity of recession divided by distance Presently believed to be between 50 and 100 km s Mpc Hubble time The age of the universe equivalent to 1 divided by the Hubble constant The Hubble time is the age of the universe if it has expanded since the big bang at a constant rate spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary h html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary h html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary h html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary h html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/i.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13462%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z interference The interaction of two rays of electromagnetic radiation mostly visible light or radio signals due to their wave nature interferometry A method employing the interference of electromagnetic radiation to make highly precise measurements of the angle between the two rays of light interstellar medium The gas and dust distributed between the stars spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary i html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary i html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary i html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary i html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/j.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13110%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Jovian planet Jupiterlike planet with a large diameter and low density In our solar system the Jovian planets are Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary j html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary j html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary j html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary j html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/k.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13033%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z kiloparsec A unit of distance equivalent to 1000 parsec or 32600 light years spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary k html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary k html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary k html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary k html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/l.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14236%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z light gathering light collecting power The ability of a telescope to collect light Proportional to the area of the telescope s objective lense or mirror light pollution The illumination of the night sky by waste light from cities and outdoor lighting which prevents the observation of faint objects light year ly A unit of distance The distance light travels in one year 1 ly 9 46 10 15 meter 5 9 billion miles local group The small cluster of a few dozend of galaxies that contains our Milky Way Galaxy look back time The amount by which we look into the past when we look at a distant stars and galaxies A time equal to the distance to the time light takes to travel from the objects to us Examples of look back times Moon 1 second Sun 8 minutes Jupiter 32 to 48 minutes closest star 4 2 years closest galaxy 150 000 years luminosity The total maount of energy a star radiates in on second spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary l html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary l html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary l html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary l html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/m.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14548%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z MACHOs Massive Compact Halo Objects Low luminosity objects such as planets and brown dwarfs which contribute to the mass of the galactic halo Magellanic clouds Small irregular galaxies that are companions to the Milky Way Visible in the southern sky magnitude scale The astronomical brightness scale The larger the number the fainter the star main sequence The region of the H R diagram running from upper left to lower right which includes roughly 90 percent of all stars mass luminosity relation The more massive a star is the more luminous it is megaparsec Mpc A unit of distance equal to one million parsec Milky Way Galaxy The spiral galaxy containing our sun Visible on the northern hemisphere in summer in the night sky as the Milky Way a faint band stretching over the sky minute of arc arcminute Measure of angle A full circle equals 360 degree 1 degree equals 60 arcminutes 1 arcminute equals 60 arcseconds model A tentative description of a phenomenon for use as an aid to undestanding spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary m html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary m html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary m html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary m html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/n.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14074%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z nanometer nm A unit of distance equaling one bilionth of a meter 1 nm 0 000 000 001 m NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration neutrino A neutral massless atomic particle that travels at the speed of light neutron An atomic particle with no charge and about the mass of a proton neutron star A small highly dense star composed almost entirely of tightly packed neutrons Radius about 10 kilometers nova From the Latin meaning new a sudden brightening of a star making it appear as a new star in the sky Believed to be associated with eruptions on white dwarfs in binary systems nuclear bulge The spehrical cloud of stars that lies at the cneter of spiral galaxies spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary n html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary n html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary n html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary n html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/o.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13499%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z observable universe The part of the universe that we can see from our location in space and in time Olbers paradox The conflict between observation and theory about why the night sky should or should not be dark open star cluster A cluster of 100 1 000 stars with an open transparent appearance The stars are not tightly grouped Usually relatively young and located in then disk of the galaxy spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary o html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary o html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary o html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary o html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/p.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%15371%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z paradigm A commonly accepted set of scientific ideas and assumptions parallax The apparent change in position of an object due to the change in the position of the observer Astronomical parallax is measured in seconds of arc arcseconds parsec The distance to a hypothetical star whose parallax is 1 second of arc 1 pc 206 265 AU 3 26 ly perihelion The orbital point of closest approach to the Sun photon A quantum of electromagnetic energy Carries an amount of energy that depends inversely on its wavelength planetesimal One of the small bodies that formed from the solar nebula and eventually grew into proto planets population I Stars rich in atoms heavier than helium Nearly always relatively young stars found in the disk of the galaxy population II Stars poor in atoms heavier than helium Nearly always relatively old stars found in the halo globular clusters or the nuclear bulge precession The slow change in the direction of Earth s axis of rotation One cycle takes nearly 26 000 years proper motion The rate at which a star moves across the sky Measured in seconds of arc per year protein Complex molecule composed of amino acid units proton A positively charged atomic particle contained in the nucleus of atoms The nucleus of a hydrogen atom protoplanet Massive object resulting from the coalescence of planetesimals in the solar nebula and destined to become a planet protostar A collapsing cloud of gas and dust destined to become a star spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary p html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary p html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary p html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary p html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/q.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%12957%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary q html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary q html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary q html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary q html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/r.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14539%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z radial velocity That component of an objects velocity directed away from or toward Earth radiation pressure The force exerted on the surface of a body by its absorption of light Small particles floating in the solar system can be blown outward by the pressure of the sun light resolving power The ability of a telescope to reveal fine detail Depends on the diameter of the telescope retrograde motion The apparent backward westward motion of planets as seen against the background of stars revolution Orbital motion about a point located outside the orbiting body RNA ribonucleic acid Long carbon chain molecules that use the information stored in DNA to manufacture complex molecules necessary to the organism rotation Motion aound an axis passing through the rotating body rotation curve A graph of orbital velocity versus orbital radius of stars in the galaxy rotation curve method A method of determing a galaxy s mass by observing the orbital velocity and orbital radius of stars in the galaxy spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary r html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary r html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary r html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary r html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/s.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%15373%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Schwarzschild radius The radius of the event horizon around a black hole second of arc arcsecond Measure of angle A full circle equals 360 degree 1 degree equals 60 arcminutes 1 arcminute equals 60 arcseconds seeing Atmospheric condition on a given night When the atmosphere is unsteady producing blurred images the seeing is said to be poor SETI The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence SIM Space Interferometery Mission solar system The Sun and its planets astroids comets and so on solar wind Rapidly moving atoms and ions that escape from the solar corona and blow outward through the solar system spectral class or type A star s position in the temperature classification system O B A F G K M Based on the appearance of the spectrum spectrograph A device that separates light by wavelengths to produce a spectrum spectroscopic binary A star system in which the stars are too close together to be visible separately We see a single point of light and only by taking a spectrum can we determine that there are two stars spectroscopic parallax The method of determining a star s distance by comparing its apparent magnitude with its absolute magnitude as estimated from its spectrum spiral galaxy A galaxy with an obvious disk component containing gas dust hot bright stars and spiral arms stellar parallax A measure of stellar distance see parallax supernova remnant SNR The expanding shell of gas marking the site of a supernova explosion spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary s html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary s html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary s html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary s html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/t.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13231%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z terrestrial planet An Earthlike planet small dense rocky In our solar system Mercury Venus Earth and Mars tidal heating The heating of a planet or satellite because of friction caused by tide spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary t html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary t html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary t html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary t html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/u.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%12949%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary u html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary u html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary u html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary u html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/v.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13182%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z variable star A star ehose brightness changes periodically visual binaries A binary star system in which the two stars are separately visible in the telescope spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary v html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary v html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary v html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary v html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/w.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13273%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z wavelength The distance between successive peaks or troughs of a wave Usually represented by the greek letter lambda white dwarf star Dying star that has collapsed to the size of Earth and is slowly cooling off At the lower left of the H R diagram spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary w html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary w html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary w html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary w html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/x.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%12951%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary x html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary x html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary x html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary x html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/y.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%12949%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary y html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary y html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary y html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary y html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/glossary/z.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Glossary%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13198%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer GLOSSARY spacer A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z zenith The point on the sky directly above the observer zero age main sequence ZAMS The locus in the H R diagram where stars first reach stability as hydrogen burning stars spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary Planet Quest Glossary http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary z html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary z html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary z html http planetquest jpl nasa gov glossary z html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_about.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%14504%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer KECK gt FIND OUT MORE spacer About the W M Keck Observatory Radar image of the quot Big Island quot of Hawaii From a remote outpost on the summit of Hawaii s dormant Mauna Kea volcano astronomers at the W M Keck Observatory probe the deepest regions of the universe with unprecedented power and precision Their instruments are the twin Keck Telescopes the world s largest optical and infrared telescopes Each stands eight stories tall and weighs 300 tons yet operates with nanometer precision At the heart of each Keck Telescope is a revolutionary primary mirror Ten meters in diameter the mirror is composed of 36 hexagonal segments that work in concert as a single piece of reflective glass Made possible through grants totaling nearly 200 million from the W M Keck Foundation and NASA the observatory is operated by CARA for the California Institute of Technology and the University of California with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA which joined the partnership in October 1996 The Keck I telescope began science observations in May 1993 Keck II began operation in October 1996 Keck s capabilities make full use of the summit site Surrounded by thousands of miles of relatively thermally stable ocean the 13 800 foot Mauna Kea summit has no nearby mountain ranges to roil the upper atmosphere or throw light reflecting dust into the air Few city lights pollute the viewing For most of the year the atmosphere above Mauna Kea is clear calm and dry The University of Hawaii s Institute for Astronomy manages an 11 600 acre science reserve surrounding the summit In the year 2000 a dozen major research telescopes occupied this reserve representing a capital investment of more than 500 million and employment for hundreds of Big Island residents A view of the south ridge of the summit of Mauna Kea taken from the Keck Observatory located the northern ridge From left to right the observatories are the Canada France Hawaii Telescope CFHT Gemini North the University of Hawaii 88 and the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope UKIRT nbsp spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Keck Interferometer Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck about html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck about html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck about html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck about html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_facts.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%13623%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt KECK INTERFEROMETER gt QUICK FACTS spacer Overview The Keck Interferometer connects the two 10 meter Keck telescopes on top of Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii into an infrared interferometer with a baseline of 85 meters spacer Science Goals Characterization of exozodiacal dust surrounding nearby stars Spectroscopic detection of warm giant planets Astrometric detection of Uranus mass planets Imaging of protoplanetary disks spacer Technology Goal Combine the two Keck telescopes as an interferometer spacer Schedule March 12 2001 First fringes obtained 2002 Shared risk science program begins spacer Funding Source NASA mission part of Origins program spacer Management Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology and the California Association for Research in Astronomy spacer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Keck Interferometer Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck facts html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_gallery.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%18396%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt KECK gt TEAM GALLERY spacer nbsp Tim Saloga left and Steve Doyle in the Mirror Barn Spare segments for the Keck primary mirrors are kept here mounted on handling carts Saloga is a summit technician specializing in segment handling and recoating Doyle is an electronics technician at the summit nbsp Dr Gerard van Belle helping to scrub the Keck 2 telescope clean Tim Saloga left and Steve Doyle in the Mirror Barn Spare segments for the Keck primary mirrors are kept here mounted on handling carts Saloga is a summit technician specializing in segment handling and recoating Doyle is an electronics technician at the summit nbsp Mike Fischer posing in front an experimental setup at Keck HQ that he set up in support of the interferometer project Fischer is wearing a hat since he s in a cleanroom area that is sensitive to loose hairs and dust Tim Saloga left and Steve Doyle in the Mirror Barn Spare segments for the Keck primary mirrors are kept here mounted on handling carts Saloga is a summit technician specializing in segment handling and recoating Doyle is an electronics technician at the summit nbsp Kyle Kinoshita in the pipe leading from the observatory basement beam combining lab to the Keck 2 Crypt which is a 8 foot square box beneath the Keck 2 telescope In the crypt are mirrors that receive the light collected by Keck 2 Access to the crypt is by means of a sled on rails Dr Mark Swain JPL engineer in the Keck 2 telescope crypt nbsp Bob Thompson on the catwalk of the Subaru telescope Keck s neighbor on the Mauna Kea summit Rob Ligon left and Jean Paolo Carosi preparing some recently received hardware for assembly in the 306 lab at JPL Ligon is a member of the JPL Keck team and Carosi was a visiting summer student in 00 nbsp Sam Crawford left and Olga Pevanova at the JPL open house Crawford a member of the JPL Keck team was answering questions for the scavenger hunt that many kids were let loose upon Dr Andy Boden hanging a mobile exhibit for the open house at the Keck booth Boden is the deputy director of the Interferometry Science Center at Caltech nbsp Dean Palmer at the end of the Fast Delay Line rails in the observatory basement nbsp Left to right Dr Andrew Booth Dr Mark Swain Rob Ligon Rick Kendrick CARA Dean Palmer Marco Hernandez and Dr Gerard van Belle A pause for a group photo during the installation of the first Fast Delay Line Cart last July in the observatory basement control room Dr Mark Swain adjusts FDL cart rail supports in the basement beam combining lab The large structure in the left foreground is one of the two FDL carts currently in the basement nbsp Jodi Berlin secretary of the Keck Interferometer Project at JPL with a going away print for Kent Wallace a JPL team member The frame of the print was signed by the rest of the team The standard morning meeting in the lounge of the Keck 1 telescope Every weekday morning the day crew meets here and discusses tasks to be covered for that particular day nbsp Dr Jim Beletic helps Kyle Kinoshita off bottom of photo pull a rag along the Keck 2 support structure cleaning off dust and grime from years of operations Beletic is on the Nasmyth deck of the telescope which rotates with the optics when the telescope is turning At the top of the photo is the massive slit of the Keck 2 dome which can open to the sky for observations nbsp spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Keck Interferometer Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck gallery html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck gallery html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck gallery html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck gallery html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%16679%%==%%7 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt KECK INTERFEROMETER spacer what is the Keck Interferometer Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand Take a virtual tour Keck animation Find Out More Black Dot About the W M Keck Observatory Black Dot Keck Observatory home page Blue Line What is the Keck Interferometer The Keck Interferometer is part of NASA s overall effort to find planets and ultimately life beyond our solar system It will combine the light from the twin Keck telescopes to measure the emission from dust orbiting nearby stars directly detect and spectroscopically characterize the hottest gas giant planets image disks around young stars and other objects of astrophysical interest and survey hundreds of stars for the presence of planets the size of Uranus or larger The Keck Interferometer is a ground based component of NASA s Origins Program Origins addresses fundamental questions about the formation of galaxies stars and planetary systems the prevalence of planetary systems around other stars and the formation of life on Earth At 4 150 meters 13 600 feet above the Pacific Ocean atop the dormant volcano Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii the twin Keck Telescopes are the world s largest telescopes for optical and near infrared astronomy The Keck Interferometer joins these giant telescopes to form a powerful astronomical instrument History The search for planets beyond the solar system has been advocated by a variety of NASA and National Academy of Science advisory committees extending back over almost a decade to reports from the TOPS Toward Other Planetary Systems and COMPLEX Committee on Planetary Exploration committees The basic concept for the Keck Interferometer was described in the TOPS report and restated in A Road Map for the Exploration of Neighboring Planetary Systems The ExNPS Report 1996 which represented the consensus view of more than 100 scientists engineers and technologists The ExNPS study was forwarded to the NASA Administrator after review by a blue ribbon panel chaired by Professor Charles Townes a Nobel Prize winning physicist The two spherical Keck domes bask in the glow of sunset along with the Japanese Subaru Telescope left Visible in the distance is the Island of Maui just right of the Keck 2 dome The two spherical Keck domes bask in the glow of sunset along with the Japanese Subaru Telescope left Visible in the distance is the Island of Maui just right of the Keck 2 dome Blue Line The two spherical Keck domes bask in the glow of sunset along with the Japanese Subaru Telescope left Visible in the distance is the Island of Maui just right of the Keck 2 dome Blue Line The TOPS and ExNPS reports recognized the unique potential of interferometry for the problem of planet detection They recommended NASA s involvement in the second Keck Telescope and proposed the eventual use of these two telescopes plus four outrigger telescopes as an interferometer array The TOPS report specifically identified the detection of Hot Jupiters using the differential phase technique A few years later the ExNPS report identified the need to measure the brightness of the clouds of zodiacal dust around other stars Since this emission can in extreme cases mask the signal of individual planets its characterization is important to the design of NASA s Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF space mission Both the TOPS and ExNPS reports noted the capability of ground based interferometry to detect Uranus sized planets indirectly through the astrometric signature of their parent stars In 1996 in response to the recommendations of these and other advisory committees a NASA Keck Review Team NKRT recommended that as part of its Origins program NASA embark on a program to implement the Keck Interferometer project NASA selected JPL to implement the interferometer jointly with the California Association for Research in Astronomy CARA which operates the 10 meter telescopes for Caltech the University of California and the University of Hawaii spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Last modified document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_project.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%13057%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt KECK gt PROJECT STATUS spacer October 2001 Shared risk science teams selected NASA has announced the selection of four teams from throughout the United States that will perform shared risk science beginning in early 2002 They are A study of the inner disks surround very young stars in the Taurus Molecular Cloud Dr John Monnier principal investigator Circumstellar disk detection with the Keck nuller Dr Wesley A Traub principal investigator Stellar astronomy with the Keck Inteferometer Dr Shrinivas R Kulkarni principal investigator Multi wavelength visibility observation of circumstellar material with the Keck Interferometer Dr William C Danchi principal investigator spacer March 12 2001 First fringes obtained The two Keck telescopes were combined for the first time as an interferometer on the night of Monday March 12 At 10 40 pm HST the first fringe lock was obtained on the star HD 61294 The telescopes first captured the light from HD 61294 a faint star in the constellation Lynx then steered the light across the 275 foot space in the basement between the two instruments The light gathered by each telescopes was combined to equal the resolution of a single much larger telescope In order to properly phase the two telescopes adaptive optics on both telescopes removed the distortion caused by the Earth s atmosphere In addition the optical system in the tunnel adjusted the light path to within a millionth of an inch The engineering run was an overwhelming success spacer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Keck Interferometer Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck project html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_science.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%15989%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt KECK gt SCIENCE GOALS spacer A powerful astronomical tool SIM Blue Line The Keck Interferometer will be able to peer into the cores of galaxies like The one above and detect their host black holes Blue Line The Keck Interferometer will be capable of carrying out a variety of scientific studies integral to NASA s search for new worlds It primary goals are to characterize exozodiacal dust which can obscure the infrared signature of orbiting planets direct detect giant planets and brown dwarfs high resolution imaging of protoplanetary disks and the astrometric detection of planets Direct Detection of Brown Dwarfs amp Hot Jupiters It s a very challenging task to look for planets directly This is because at visual wavelengths the light given off by a star can be a billion times brighter than its orbiting planet Imagine trying to photograph a candle next to a searchlight The light from the searchlight will completely wash out the light from the candle To improve this situation somewhat the Keck Interferometer will operate primarily in the infrared wavelength where the star may be only a million times brighter than its planets The Keck Interferometer will also use simultaneous measurements at different wavelengths in order to sense the faint light from the planet in the presence of a much brighter star This will allow the direct detection of hot Jupiter planets which are Jupiter sized planets close enough to their parent star to have a high surface temperature Astrometry In any solar system which has both a star and a planet both bodies orbit around their common center of mass which is a point between the two objects closer to the more massive body i e the star Even though an extra solar planet may be too small or too dim to be seen directly from here on Earth its gravitational pull causes the star to wobble slightly It is this wobbling motion in the star that can be seen by the Keck Interferometer If this wobble of the star is measured one can infer the presence of an unseen planet The Keck Interferometer will be able to detect a wobble in a star of less than 3000 kilometers at the distance of the nearest star This allows the interferometer to detect planets about the size Uranus around a star up to 60 light years away Our Milky Way Galaxy is 100 000 light years across Exozodiacal Characterization Another task the Keck Interferometer will carry out is measuring the amount of dust surrounding nearby stars Measurement of the quantity and potentially the structure of the dust will provide information to astronomers about planet formation around other stars Information about the amount of dust around other stars will also help NASA plan future ambitious space missions like the Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF which will be a space based inteferometer launched into deep space TPF would seek to actually image other solar systems to see if it can find planets that contain life like Earth The TPF interferometer s ability to image planets like Earth in other solar systems depends on it factoring in the amount of dust around distant stars To this end measurements taken by the Keck Interferometer will assist in planning the specifications of the TPF mission To measure dust emissions Keck Interferometer will use an interferometric technique called nulling interferometry This technique cancels out light from a parent star in order that the dust emission surrounding its planets can be measured A closer look at planetary birth NASA s Origins Program scientists are particularly interested in using the Keck Interferometer to study the circumstellar disks around nearby stars Circumstellar disks are believed to be a common feature of both young and main sequence stars in various stages of development These disks probably account for many of the unusual characteristics of young stars and may well play a role in early stellar evolution the formation of binary or multiple star systems and the formation of planets the most interesting properties of disks are their resemblance to nascent planetary systems spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Keck Interferometer Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck science html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_team.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%12671%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt KECK gt TEAM spacer Project Manager James H Kelley JPL Project Scientist Dr Michael Shao JPL Deputy Director of Keck Observatory and Keck Interferometer Manager Dr James Beletic CARA Instrument Manager Dr M Mark Colavita JPL Keck Optics Manager Dr Peter Wizinowich CARA Real Time Control Dr Andrew Booth JPL Operations Architect Dr Andy Boden JPL TEAM GALLERY gt gt spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Keck Interferometer Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck team html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/keck_technology.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%13948%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Team Gallery spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt KECK gt TECHNOLOGY GOALS spacer The twin Keck telescopes will initially form a two element interferometer with a separation of 85 meters 280 feet With the light gathering capability of the two 10 m telescopes the resulting interferometer will give the angular resolution of an 85 meter telescope 8 5 times that of a single Keck telescope A view of the Keck 2 primary mirror made up of 36 1 8m hexagonal mirror segments The conical tube in the center of the mirror is a baffle below which is reflected an image of the round secondary mirror To the right is a white enclosure that houses the adaptive optics system for Keck 2 Adaptive Optics System This is a system that removes the distortion in starlight caused by the Earth s atmosphere A sensor is used to measure the distortion which is corrected by a many element deformable mirror at the rate of about 1 000 times a second Dual Star Module This instrument directs incoming light from two different stars that each telescope of the interferometer will be looking at to different beam trains in the interferometer One star is used as a reference star while the other will typically be a more distant science star Coude Train and Beam Transport This system brings light from the Keck Telescope into a basement room where the beams of light are combined Delay Lines and Metrology The delay lines equalize the pathlength of light coming from each star since the telescopes are not always equidistant from the stars they are observing A metrology system measures the pathlengths inside the Keck Observatory Fringe tracker This instrument measures the interference of the light from a star collected by each of the two telescopes and adjusts the optical delay lines to keep the light from each telescope in sync It is used specifically on the reference star It assumes fine control of the delay lines in order to keep light coming in from two stars in sync Angle tracker This instrument corrects for small tilts in the beams of light from each telescope so that all beams overlap when light is combined in the interferometer basement Nulling Combiner This instrument nulls or cancels the light from a star so that the faint dust surrounding the star can be observed Control System All of the subsystems of the Keck Interferometer are controlled by computers that read in data from cameras and other sensors adjust motors and other actuators record data for scientists to use and provide a user interface from which to operate the interferometer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Keck Interferometer Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck keck technology html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/moving.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line At JPL, Keck team members Marco Hernandez (left) ...%%==%%2843%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line At JPL Keck team members Marco Hernandez left and Bob Thompson wheel a cart containing the first JPL assemblies for the interferometer over from a lab for shipping to Hawaii Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck moving html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck moving html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck moving html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck moving html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Keck/sunset.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line The two spherical Keck domes bask in the ...%%==%%2850%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line The two spherical Keck domes bask in the glow of sunset along with the Japanese Subaru Telescope left Visible in the distance is the Island of Maui just right of the Keck 2 dome Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Keck sunset html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/a.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck Map Diagram This is panel a Click on the areas of the map for a panoramic tour of the Keck Interferometer. Look for ...%%==%%1504%%==%%5 Dec 2001%%==%% Keck Map Diagram This is panel a Click on the areas of the map for a panoramic tour of the Keck Interferometer Look for hot spots within each room for details about specific features Clicking on doors will lead to adjoining rooms QTVR photography by Dr Gerard T Van belle Begin the tour Combining Lab Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr a html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/bottom.html%%==%%Go to Keck mission area &gt; ...%%==%%743%%==%%7 Feb 2002%%==%% Go to Keck mission area gt http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck Interferometer The Keck Interferometer is a powerful new instrument that astronomers are using to search for new planets and investigate our cosmic origins. ...%%==%%1309%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Keck Interferometer The Keck Interferometer is a powerful new instrument that astronomers are using to search for new planets and investigate our cosmic origins Located 4 150 meters 13 600 feet above the Pacific Ocean atop Hawaii s Mauna Kea a dormant volcano the W M Keck Observatory houses the world s two largest optical and infrared telescopes By linking them together as an instrument called an interferometer astronomers can obtain measurements that are a quantum leap beyond what is possible with a single telescope Observations are carried out by pointing both telescopes at the same target and adjusting the beam path length using mirrors that travel on rails below the observatory For more information about how this process works see Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keck.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Virtual Tour%%==%%...%%==%%1066%%==%%5 Dec 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour Planet Quest Keck Virtual Tour http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keck_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck Interferometer > Begin the tour ...%%==%%640%%==%%4 Dec 2001%%==%% Keck Interferometer Begin the tour Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keck qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1657%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/right.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%ns4 = (document.layers)? true:false ie4 = (document.all)? true:false // Show/Hide functions for non-pointer layer/objects function show(id) { if (ns4) document.layers[id].visibility = "show" else if ...%%==%%8814%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% ns4 document layers true false ie4 document all true false Show Hide functions for non pointer layer objects function show id if ns4 document layers id visibility show else if ie4 document all id style visibility visible function hide id if ns4 document layers id visibility hide else if ie4 document all id style visibility hidden Keck Map Diagram Keck Interferometer Map Click on the areas of the map for a panoramic tour of the Keck Interferometer Look for hot spots within each room for details about specific features Clicking on doors will lead to adjoining rooms QTVR photography by Dr Gerard T van Belle A Combining Lab This is the back end of the telescope where light from both telescopes is tracked and combined It is carefully protected from dust and air currents that can distort the light B Control Room This room houses the computers and electronic equipment used to control the Keck Interferometer C Fast Delay Line Area In this area motorized carts travel along 30 foot rails allowing astronomers to adjust the length of the light path in real time This adjustable section of the light path is called the Fast Delay Line D Keck 1 Base Structure M6 Inside each Keck dome is a multi ton pivoting structure that supports the telescope the entire blue colored structure seen here can be rotated full circle E Keck 1 Lounge Dining and break area for astronomers F Keck 2 Mirror This view is from the 100 foot high balcony of the Keck 2 telescope The telescope itself and the primary mirror are visible G Keck 2 Mirror Cell In this view from the balcony of the Keck 2 dome the telescope is pointed toward the horizon a position typically used for servicing the telescope mirrors and instruments H Keck 1 Mirror In this view from the balcony of the Keck 1 dome the primary mirror is pointed toward the viewer I Long Delay Lines This area houses the long delay line rails used to make coarse adjustments in the starlight pathlength J Roof View from the roof of the Keck Observatory shortly before sunset Other telescopes atop Mauna Kea are visible in the backbround K Sunset A view at sunset from the backyard of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea A Combining Lab B Control Room C Fast Delay Line Area D Keck 1 Base Structure E Keck 1 Lounge F K2 Mirror G K2 Mirror Cell H Keck 1 Mirror I Long Delay Lines J Roof K Sunset Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr right html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: New Worlds Atlas%%==%%...%%==%%819%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas Planet Quest New Worlds Atlas http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas atlas index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas atlas index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas atlas index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas atlas index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/error_example.html%%==%%Error Occurred While Processing Request%%==%%AddStar Query: INSERT INTO stars (Star, Constel, DiscDate, DiscBy, EarthDist, Mass, TempC, TempK, NumPlan, Visible, LastUpdate) VALUES ('HD 83443 ','Vela ','2000 ',' ',142 ,.79 ...%%==%%1595%%==%%30 Nov 2001%%==%% AddStar Query INSERT INTO stars Star Constel DiscDate DiscBy EarthDist Mass TempC TempK NumPlan Visible LastUpdate VALUES HD 83443 Vela 2000 142 79 2000 0 0 ts 2001 11 30 00 00 00 Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Diagnostic Information ODBC Error Code 37000 Syntax error or access violation Microsoft ODBC Microsoft Access Driver Syntax error in INSERT INTO statement The error occurred while processing an element with a general identifier of CFQUERY occupying document position 46 2 to 46 41 Date Time 11 30 01 12 42 52 Browser Mozilla 4 0 compatible MSIE 5 0 Mac PowerPC Remote Address 128 149 227 142 HTTP Referrer http dm web devel Planet Quest atlas star submit cfm Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request Error Occurred While Processing Request http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas error example html http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas error example html http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas error example html http planetquest jpl nasa gov atlas error example html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/mediaInfo/mediaInfo_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Media Info%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13078%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer MEDIA INFORMATION spacer Orion Disk Blue Line Orion Disk Blue Line Media inquiries regarding the missions science or technology covered in this Web site should be directed to Jane Platt Media Relations Specialist 818 354 0880 For information about video and still images contact Xaviant Ford Television Imaging Specialist 818 393 4484 Other information Media Visits to JPL http www jpl nasa gov news media visits html Index of JPL press kits http www jpl nasa gov news press kits html Index of JPL news releases http www jpl nasa gov news news index html Picture use policy http www jpl nasa gov images policy NASA Television http www nasa gov ntv spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info Planet Quest Media Info http planetquest jpl nasa gov mediaInfo mediaInfo index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov mediaInfo mediaInfo index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov mediaInfo mediaInfo index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov mediaInfo mediaInfo index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/missions_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Origins: Missions - Keck%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%18687%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer MISSIONS Blue Line Over the next 15 years NASA is embarking on a bold series of missions to find and characterize new worlds These will be the most sensitive instruments ever built capable of reaching beyond the bounds of our own solar system Click on the links below for in depth information on each mission spacer The Keck Interferometer The Keck Interferometer will combine the light of the world s largest optical telescopes extending our vision by a quantum leap Using a technique known as interferometry the Keck will study dust clouds around stars where planets may be forming It may also provide the first direct images of giant planets outside our solar system Black Dot Keck Mission Area Black Dot Virtual Tour The Keck Interferometer spacer StarLight The StarLight mission scheduled to launch in 2006 will demonstrate precision formation flying a technology critical to space borne planet searches The pair will work in concert to form a giant virtual telescope with a resolution 40 times that of the Hubble Space Telescope Black Dot StarLight Mission Area Black Dot 3D Model StarLight spacer The Space Interferometry Mission The Space Interferometry Mission SIM scheduled to launch to 2009 will measure the distances and positions of stars several hundred times more accurately than any previous observations SIM s precision will allow us to determine the distances to stars throughout the galaxy and to detect evidence of planets just slightly larger than Earth Black Dot SIM Mission Area Black Dot 3D Model The Space Interferometry Mission spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder Terrestrial Planet Finder anticipated for launch in 2012 will be capable of detecting and characterizing Earth like planets around as many as 200 stars up to 45 light years away The project will look for the atmospheric signatures such as water carbon dioxide and ozone of habitable or even inhabited planets Black Dot Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission Area Terrestrial Planet Finder spacer Other projects related to NASA s search for new worlds The Interferometry Science Center Support for all of the missions listed on this page is provided by the Interferometry Science Center ISC a science operations and analysis service sponsored by the Origins theme and operated by the California Institute of Technology The ISC facilitates timely and successful execution of projects that use interferometry a key technology in the Origins Program Black Dot Interferometry Science Center home page The Interferometry Science Center spacer The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer LBTI Two 8 meter class telescopes on Mount Graham Arizona will be linked to create an infrared interferometer capable of imaging distant galaxies and other faint objects over a wide field of view Black Dot More about LBTI The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer LBTI spacer Palomar Testbed Interferometer PTI By combining light from telescopes at the Palomar Observatory PTI takes the first crack at developing technologies that combine light coming in from distant objects in the cosmos Black Dot Palomar Testbed Interferometer home page Palomar Testbed Interferometer PTI nbsp spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck Planet Quest Origins Missions Keck http planetquest jpl nasa gov missions missions index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov missions missions index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov missions missions index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov missions missions index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/aas_preview.html%%==%%Planet Quest: News Article%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%15487%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer NEWS spacer Origins discoveries of new planets to highlight Astronomical Society meeting Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 3D Model of an Extrasolar Planetary System Find out more Black Dot American Astronomical Society home page Blue Line January 6 2001 WASHINGTON The emergence of extrasolar planet studies as a scientific priority is reflected in the agenda for the 199th meeting of the American Astronomical Society AAS The meeting which opens January 6 in Washington D C will host no fewer than eight sessions related to the formation and study of planets outside our solar system Topics include Space Interferometry and Planet Finders Extra Solar Planets and Extra Solar Planet Astronomy from the Present to TPF Winter meetings of the AAS typically draw 2000 participants or more The four day gatherings are filled with scientific sessions both poster and oral as well as invited sessions from prominent researchers with significant results Presentations specifically related to JPL s planet search projects include January 7 Choosing Candidate Stars for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission This poster describes a project to create a catalogue of stars that satisfy the constraints TPF will be working under Presented by J T Rupert NRAO University of Oklahoma and R S Simon NRAO January 8 Structure of the inner region of T Tauri circumstellar disks R L Akeson ISC Caltech G T van Belle JPL Caltech and D R Ciardi U Florida will present observations of several T Tauri stars using long baseline infrared interferometry from the Palomar Testbed Interferometer Astrometric Search for Planets This discussion of various components of the search for planets around other stars to be performed by the Space Interferometry Mission will be presented by M Shao JPL A Shaped Pupil Coronagraph A Simpler Path towards TPF D Spergel and J Kasdin Princeton University will present recent progress on design of a shaped pupil coronagraph as an architecture for Terrestrial Plane Finder NASA Programs and Plans leading up to TPF This lecture will describe the current scope future plans and possible new programs related to NASA s program to find and to characterize planets and planetary systems around other stars Presented by P Crane NASA Headquarters For a complete program of the 199th meeting see The American Astronomical Society home page spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article http planetquest jpl nasa gov news aas preview html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news aas preview html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news aas preview html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news aas preview html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/Figure_press1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157, located in the Cepheus constellation, ...%%==%%3685%%==%%3 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157 located in the Cepheus constellation were made using Caltech s Owens Valley Millimeter Array near Bishop California Blue Line These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157 located in the Cepheus constellation were made using Caltech s Owens Valley Millimeter Array near Bishop California The multi colored area shows a dust disk surrounding a newborn star The red orange area at the center represents the brightest region which contains the young star It is surrounded by the cooler dusty disk which appears as yellow green and blue The diameter of the disk is about 20 times larger than our entire solar system The white lines trace the radio wave emission of methanol Note that the methanol emission comes only from the outer parts of the disk That is the zone where a warm shock occurs when the cloud material moves in toward the star and meets up with the outer surface of the disk Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov news Figure press1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news Figure press1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news Figure press1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news Figure press1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/jupiter_sized.html%%==%%Planet Quest: News Article%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%16384%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer NEWS spacer Astronomers find Jupiter size planet orbiting star in Big Dipper Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant Artist s concept of an extrasolar gas giant Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 3D Model of an Extrasolar Planetary System Technical Example Black Dot Paper R Paul Butler and Geoffrey W Marcy Blue Line Article Courtesy NASA August 15 2001 PLANET QUEST A team of astronomers has found a Jupiter sized planet orbiting a faint nearby star similar to our Sun raising intriguing prospects of finding a solar system like our own The planet is the second found orbiting the star 47 Ursae Majoris in the Big Dipper also known as Ursa Major or the Big Bear The new planet is at least three fourths the mass of Jupiter and orbits the star at a distance that in our Solar System would place it beyond Mars but within the orbit of Jupiter Astronomers have detected evidence of more than 70 extrasolar planets said Morris Aizenman a senior science advisor at the National Science Foundation NSF Each discovery brings us closer to determining whether other planetary systems have features like those of our own For the first time we have detected two planets in nearly circular orbits around the same star said team member Debra Fischer of the University of California at Berkeley Most of the 70 planets people we have found to date are in bizarre solar systems with short periods and eccentric orbits close to the star As our sensitivity improves we are finally seeing planets with longer orbital periods planetary systems that look more like our Solar System The planet search team which is supported by NASA and the National Science Foundation Arlington VA has been instrumental in finding a majority of the planets outside our Solar System also called extrasolar planets Besides Fischer the team includes Geoffrey Marcy also of Berkeley Paul Butler of the Carnegie Institution of Washington Steve Vogt of the University of California at Santa Cruz and Gregory Laughlin of NASA s Ames Research Center Mountain View CA Their report on the new planet has been submitted to the Astrophysical Journal A few years ago Marcy and Butler discovered a planet more than twice the mass of Jupiter in a circular orbit around the same star The star is one of 100 that the scientists have targeted since 1987 in their search for evidence of extrasolar planets Using telescopes at the University of California s Lick Observatory they measure changes in the characteristics of light emitted by the stars Those changes they believe signal the presence of a planet periodically pulling the star toward or away from Earth Fischer was able to see the periodic wobble from the second planet smaller and farther from the star than the first because of improved instrumentation The star is a yellow star similar to the sun probably about seven billion years old and located about 51 light years from Earth A light year the distance light travels in one year is approximately 6 trillion miles Every new planetary system reveals some new quirk that we didn t expect We ve found planets in small orbits and wacky eccentric orbits said Marcy With 47 Ursae Majoris it s heartwarming to find a planetary system that finally reminds us of our solar system More information National Science Foundation http www nsf gov od lpa news press 01 newplanet htm spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article http planetquest jpl nasa gov news jupiter sized html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news jupiter sized html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news jupiter sized html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news jupiter sized html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: News Archive%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14954%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer NEWS ARCHIVE spacer Media Information Media inquiries regarding the missions science or technology covered in this Web site should be directed to Jane Platt Media Relations Specialist 818 354 0880 spacer Hubble measures atmosphere on world around another star January 18 2002 Astronomers using NASA s Hubble Space Telescope have made the first direct detection and chemical analysis of the atmosphere of a planet outside our solar system spacer More planets emerge with solar system like orbits October 15 2001 An international team of astronomers has discovered eight new extrasolar planets bringing to nearly 80 the number of planets found orbiting nearby stars More planets emerge with solar system like orbits spacer Hints of planet sized objects bewilder Hubble scientists June 27 2001 Scientists are mystified by what may be unexpected wandering planet sized objects A new image taken by NASA s Hubble Space Telescope implies the presence of these objects Hints of Planet sized Objects Bewilder Hubble Scientists spacer First Starlight linking the two Keck 10 meter telescopes March 14 2001 Proving that two telescopes are better than one NASA astronomers have gathered the first starlight obtained by linking two Hawaiian 10 meter 33 foot telescopes This successful test at the W M Keck Observatory on Mauna Kea makes the linked telescopes which together are called the Keck Interferometer the world s most powerful optical telescope system First Starlight Linking the two Keck 10 Meter Telescopes nbsp spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive Planet Quest News Archive http planetquest jpl nasa gov news news index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news news index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news news index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news news index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/shock_zone.html%%==%%Planet Quest: News Article%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%16507%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer NEWS spacer Shock zone found where planets are born These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157 located in the Cepheus constellation were made using Caltech s Owens Valley Millimeter Array near Bishop California Click here for a larger image Blue Line Protostellar Disk L1157 Blue Line January 8 2001 In research that may help reveal how planets form astronomers have gathered evidence that a shock is created when material falls in toward a dust disk around a growing star This is a very important step in our understanding of how stars and planets develop said Dr Thangasamy Velusamy principal research scientist at NASA s Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena Calif It gives us some insight into the process by which planetary systems could begin around stars Velusamy and his colleagues will present their findings today at the American Astronomical Society winter meeting in Washington D C Dusty disks around stars called protostellar disks form from gas and dust in interstellar clouds The disks grow as they accumulate material falling in from the parent cloud Where the cloud material meets the disk astronomers had predicted that a warm shock would occur This new discovery confirms that prediction Scientists believe dust particles in these disks clump together eventually leading to small rocks which can join together to form planets and comets Scientists believe that a similar process formed Earth and the other planets of our solar system from a dusty disk around our parent star the Sun At the shock zone the newly introduced material slows down and redistributes itself throughout the disk Some will make its way toward the center and become part of the developing star while some will eventually become part of the planets Protostellar disks like the one observed by Velusamy and his colleagues in cloud Lynds 1157 located about 1 300 light years from Earth in the constellation Cepheus contain mostly molecular hydrogen Other ingredients include tiny dust particles and trace amounts of such chemicals as carbon monoxide and methanol or rubbing alcohol Because the falling material and the disk are so cold these chemicals freeze on the dust particles and can not be seen However when a shock is produced at the disk s surface the resulting heat warms the dust particles and releases their icy mantles This transforms the ice into a gas that emits radiation in radio wavelengths which can be detected Using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Array near Bishop Calif the team of scientists including Dr William Langer senior research scientist at JPL and Dr Paul Goldsmith a professor of astronomy at Cornell University Ithaca N Y confirmed the presence of a dusty disk in L1157 They also found the first ever evidence for the shock region It was detected when telltale disk emissions indicated the presence of methanol only at the predicted shock zone The methanol emission looks different than the distribution of material already in the disk noted Goldsmith Methanol is intriguing since it is abundant in both interstellar space and in comets and is a chemical starting point for more complex molecules including those that eventually form life said Langer Protostellar disks are planetary construction zones Over the past several years astronomers have discovered planets orbiting dozens of other stars The key mystery waiting to be solved is whether any extrasolar planet may have conditions suitable for life and if so whether life exists there The latest findings will appear in the January 20 2002 issue of the Astrophysical Journal Letters The scientists plan further research on the chemical makeup of planet forming disks Future NASA missions will also study these dust disks The Space Infrared Telescope Facility may study ice crystals in the disks as part of its investigations Other planned missions including the Terrestrial Planet Finder will be able to image planetary systems forming in disks around other stars Both missions are managed by JPL An image of the new observation is available online at http www jpl nasa gov images sg other The Owens Valley Radio Observatory Millimeter Array operated by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena is supported in part by the National Science Foundation Caltech manages JPL for NASA spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article http planetquest jpl nasa gov news shock zone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news shock zone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news shock zone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news shock zone html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/news/hd_136118.html%%==%%Planet Quest: News Article%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%14437%%==%%7 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer NEWS spacer Planet discovered orbiting HD 136118 HD 136118 Digitized Sky Survey image The star HD 136118 Digitized Sky Survey image Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 4 Ways to Find a Planet Technical Example Black Dot Draft paper Fischer et al Blue Line February 7 2002 PLANET QUEST A planetary companion has been detected circling the star HD 136118 bringing to 76 the total number of planets thus far discovered orbiting stars other than our Sun The discovery was made by a team of astronomers carrying out precise Doppler observations at California s Lick Observatory Their method of detection called radial velocity or Doppler spectroscopy infers the presence of an unseen companion because of the back and forth movement it induces in the host star This movement is detectable as a periodic red shift and blue shift in the star s spectral lines For more about this method see the article Finding Planets With a magnitude of 6 9 this F8 star is visible to the unaided eye under optimal circumstances just north of the constellation Libra at a distance of 170 light years 52 3 parsecs It is slightly larger than our Sun and may be evolving away from its main sequence to become a red giant a process that will eventually take place with our own Sun The planetary companion is a gas giant with a derived mass roughly 12 times that of Jupiter Its orbit lasts more than three years Like the majority of extrasolar planets discovered it follows a highly eccentric or oval orbital path The discovery was announced by Debra A Fischer Geoffrey W Marcy and Bernie Walp of the University of California and R Paul Butler of the Carnegie Institution Steven S Vogt of the Lick Observatory and Keven Apps of the University of Sussex The team is carrying out a Doppler survey of about 350 stars at the Lick Observatory and Hawaii s W M Keck Observatory spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article Planet Quest News Article http planetquest jpl nasa gov news hd 136118 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news hd 136118 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news hd 136118 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov news hd 136118 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/overview_flash.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Overview spacer Bottom Graphic Line Go to HTML --> Go to HTML &nbsp; ...%%==%%3115%%==%%12 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Overview spacer Bottom Graphic Line Go to HTML Go to HTML nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview flash html http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview flash html http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview flash html http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview flash html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/overview_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Overview%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%15135%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer OVERVIEW spacer The search begins Are we alone Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system Artist s concept of an extrasolar planetary system For centuries human beings have pondered this question Medieval scholars speculated that other worlds must exist and that some would harbor other forms of life In our time advances in science and technology have brought us to the threshold of finding an answer to this timeless question The recent discovery of numerous extrasolar planets confirms that our solar system is not unique Indeed other worlds appear to be common in our galactic neighborhood The extrasolar planets we have discovered thus far are giants like Jupiter and Saturn They are unlikely to support life as we know it But some of these systems might also contain smaller terrestrial planets like Mars and Earth Over the next 15 years NASA is embarking on a bold series of missions to find and characterize new worlds These will be the most sensitive instruments ever built capable of reaching beyond the bounds of our own solar system The Keck Observatory The Keck Observatory The Keck Interferometer will combine the light of the world s largest optical telescopes extending our vision to new distances Using a technique known as interferometry the Keck will study dust clouds around stars where planets may be forming It may also provide the first direct images of giant planets outside our solar system The StarLight mission to launch in 2006 will demonstrate precision formation flying a technology critical to space borne planet searches Aritst s concept of the StarLight spacecraft pair Aritst s concept of the StarLight spacecraft pair The Space Interferometry Mission will measure the distances and positions of stars with unprecedented accuracy SIM s precision will allow us to detect evidence of planets just slightly larger than Earth Finally the Terrestrial Planet Finder will build upon the legacy of all that have gone before it With an imaging power 100 times greater than the Hubble Space Telescope Terrestrial Planet Finder will send back the first photographs of nearby planetary systems At last we will begin to see what these new worlds look like Artist s concept of an Earth like planet Artist s concept of an Earth like planet We will analyze their atmospheres looking for carbon dioxide water and ozone The substantial presence of all three gasses would indicate that life is present Such a discovery would at last provide convincing evidence that we are not alone We will have found another Earth spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview Planet Quest Overview http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov overview overview index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Planet_Finder/index.html%%==%%INTROwoScript%%==%%...%%==%%731%%==%%7 Dec 2001%%==%% INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript INTROwoScript http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Planet_Finder/planetfinder.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Four Ways to Find a Planet spacer Bottom Graphic Line &nbsp; ...%%==%%2570%%==%%7 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Four Ways to Find a Planet spacer Bottom Graphic Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planetfinder html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planetfinder html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planetfinder html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planetfinder html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Planet_Finder/planet_finder_club.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Planet Finder Club%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%12819%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer THE PLANET FINDER CLUB spacer Orion Disk Blue Line Planet forming material in the Orion Nebula Blue Line The Planet Finder Club is a national network of individuals and educators who are interested in the search for extrasolar planets Membership benefits include news alerts project updates and opportunities for direct involvement And it s free To join send an e mail to the following address join planetfinder list jpl nasa gov You can leave the subject field blank and no message is required You will receive an automatic confirmation and welcome message Your e mail address will not be shared or distributed If you wish to unsubscribe to the Planet Finders mailing list send an e mail to leave planetfinder list jpl nasa gov spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club Planet Quest Planet Finder Club http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planet finder club html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planet finder club html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planet finder club html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Finder planet finder club html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-eps.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-eps.html%%==%%Extra Planetary Solar System presentation ...%%==%%356%%==%%30 Nov 2001%%==%% Extra Planetary Solar System presentation http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl eps html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl eps html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl eps html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl eps html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/proArea/proArea_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site ...%%==%%13000%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer PROFESSIONAL AREA spacer Select from the projects below for links to news announcements publications and other resources of interest to specialists Keck Interferometer News and Announcements Library Space Interferometry Mission News and Announcements Library Introductions and Overviews Technical Papers Internal Library Material for SIM advocates Terrestrial Planet Finder News and Announcements Library NASA publications and resources Astrophysics Technology The Interferometry Science Center Support for all missions listed on this page is provided by the Interferometry Science Center ISC a science operations and analysis service sponsored by the Origins theme and operated by the California Institute of Technology The ISC facilitates timely and successful execution of projects that use interferometry a key technology in the Origins Program spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea proArea index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea proArea index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea proArea index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea proArea index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/proArea/tpf_library.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site ...%%==%%11915%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site nbsp spacer TPF gt PROFESSIONAL AREA gt LIBRARY spacer Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer NASA publications and resources TOPS Toward Other Planetary Systems NASA Science Working Group report outlining a program to search for extrasolar planets the study of their properties and the more general study of circumstellar and protostellar material PDF file ExNPS Roadmap A roadmap for the Exploration of Neighboring Planetary Systems summarizing the efforts of a large group of scientists and engineers The ExNPS roadmap recommends a combination of individual and ground and space based projects ensuring a continuous stream of important discoveries TPF Book Origins of Stars Planets and Life May 1999 PDF file TPF Overview and Response to the UVOIR Panel PDF file NASA s TPF The Search for Habitable Planets by Chas Beichman A presentation at the 193rd Meeting of the American Astronomical Society 5 9 January 1999 in Austin Texas Astrophysics CONTENT TO COME Technology CONTENT TO COME Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf library html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf library html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/proArea/tpf_news.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site ...%%==%%10518%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site nbsp spacer TPF gt PROFESSIONAL AREA gt NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS spacer Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer December 2001 Final Architecture Review to be posted when report is available January 8 2001 The July 2001 letter to NASA Origins Director Anne Kinney from Alan Dressler Chair of the Origins Subcommittee contains an updated assessment of progress with SIM TPF and the Keck Interferometer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf news html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf news html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/proArea/tpf_proArea.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Professional Area%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site ...%%==%%11632%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site nbsp spacer TPF gt PROFESSIONAL AREA spacer The Terrrestrial Planet Finder professional area is intended as a resource for scientists and engineers and students and teachers in secondary education Here you will find news and research announcements links to publications available on the Internet and resources for further research Planet Quest Home nbsp Projects Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM TPF nbsp Multimedia Gallery nbsp Educator Resources nbsp Web Showcase spacer Blue line spacer News and Announcements Library NASA publications and resources Astrophysics Technology Web Resources The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia Provides up to date information and publications on extrasolar planet searches Optical Long Baseline Interferometry News A forum for scientists engineers and students who share an interest in long baseline stellar interferometry spacer To be added in Phase 2 Science Working Group Personnel presentations and research announcements Meetings Technology Working Group Personnel presentations and research announcements Meetings Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Professional Area Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area Planet Quest Professional Area http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf proArea html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf proArea html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf proArea html http planetquest jpl nasa gov proArea tpf proArea html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/resources/resources_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Educator Resources%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%23908%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer EDUCATOR RESOURCES spacer ACTIVITIES Taking the Measure of the Universe This NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory poster and its activities are related to the Space Interferometry Mission SIM The content is geared for students in grades 6 12 and is designed to make the use of measurement and computation in mathematics visible to students PDF file Taking the Measure of the Universe spacer Watching the Waves How can wave behavior help us find planets around distant stars This hands on small groups 2 4 activity was developed by The Space Place staff at JPL and was originally published in the International Technology Education Association s ITEA journal The Technology Teacher PDF file Watching the Waves spacer De twinkling the Stars How do astronomers remove the distortion in starlight caused by Earth s atmosphere Find out with this large group kinesthetic outdoor activity originally published in the International Technology Education Association s ITEA journal The Technology Teacher PDF file De twinkling the Stars spacer SITES The Origins Forum The Education Forum is the public gateway to the research results the data the information and the human expertise behind NASA s Origins Program Origins is the scientific study of the long chain of events from the birth of the universe in the Big Bang through the formation of galaxies stars and planets and the chemical elements of life to the profusion of life on Earth and possibly elsewhere The Origins Forum spacer Jet Propulsion Laboratory Education Gateway Covers formal and informal opportunities for students and teachers at all levels This site contains JPL s Educator Resource Center an extensive catalog of teaching materials that are available to educators including booklets lithograph pictures posters videotapes and curriculum materials all produced by NASA JPL Educational Outreach at Jet Propulsion Laboratory spacer The Michelson Fellowship Program The goal of the Michelson Fellowship Program is to gather support from the scientific community to build expertise in optical and infrared interferometry The program has recently been expanded from an only post doctoral only to include graduate and undergraduate students in a summer school program The Michelson Fellowship Program spacer NASA Space Science Education Resource Directory A convenient way to find NASA space science products for use in classrooms science museums planetariums and other settings Searchable by topic or grade subject NASA Space Science Education Resource Directory spacer Astrobiology Education at Ames Research Center Educational opportunities specifically related to astrobiology the study of extraterrestrial life Astrobiology Education at Ames Research Center spacer Imagine the Universe A site created by the Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center is intended for students age 14 and up or anyone interested in learning about our universe It covers such topics as black holes gamma rays and cosmology and includes a multimedia theatre Imagine the Universe spacer StarChild Goddard Space Flight Center s learning center for young astronomers offers a fun introduction to basic topics of astronomy at two different education levels StarChild spacer Amazing Space A set of Web based activities from the Space Telescope Science Institute These are primarily designed for classroom use but made available for all to enjoy Amazing Space spacer NASA Education Program Comprehensive site for NASA educational activities for students and teachers at all grade levels Includes an event calendar lists of regional services and useful links NASA Education Program spacer NASA Spacelink The resource for aeronautics and space education hosts NASA s educational publications and the NASA Television education schedule and provides hundreds of subject related links NASA Spacelink spacer SpaceKids Space Science for Kids Astronomy images Mars exploration news and teachers resources from NASA SpaceKids Space Science for Kids spacer NASA Kids Aimed at children in grade school or younger Teacher resources latest NASA news rockets astronauts puzzles games space and more NASA Kids spacer SETI Institute Education Programs Curricula teacher enrichment and other information from the SETI Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute SETI Institute Education Programs spacer Astronomical Society of the Pacific The Astronomical Society of the Pacific offers wide variety of educational resources and Internet links of interest to teachers Visit this page for an overview of the extensive programs and materials the ASP has to offer Astronomical Society of the Pacific nbsp spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources Planet Quest Educator Resources http planetquest jpl nasa gov resources resources index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov resources resources index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov resources resources index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov resources resources index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/astrometric.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Astrometric displacement of the Sun due to Jupiter as at it would ...%%==%%3012%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Astrometric displacement of the Sun due to Jupiter as at it would be observed from 10 parsecs or about 33 light years Blue Line Astrometric displacement of the Sun due to Jupiter as at it would be observed from 10 parsecs or about 33 light years Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science astrometric html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science astrometric html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science astrometric html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science astrometric html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/betapic_eso.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Beta Pictoris Blue Line This false-color image of the disk surrounding Beta ...%%==%%3064%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Beta Pictoris Blue Line This false color image of the disk surrounding Beta Pictoris was obtained at the European Southern Observatory by blocking direct starlight and imaging the near infrared light from the disk The disk s warped bright inner region may be indirect evidence for an orbiting planet Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science betapic eso html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science betapic eso html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science betapic eso html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science betapic eso html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/co2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Carbon Dioxide. This strong band for this element shows we have a ...%%==%%2961%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Carbon Dioxide This strong band for this element shows we have a planet with an atmosphere Blue Line Carbon Dioxide This strong band for this element shows we have a planet with an atmosphere Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science co2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science co2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science co2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science co2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/doppler.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Doppler Shift due to Stellar Wobble Blue Line Doppler Shift due to ...%%==%%2840%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Doppler Shift due to Stellar Wobble Blue Line Doppler Shift due to Stellar Wobble Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science doppler html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science doppler html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science doppler html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science doppler html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/finding_life.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - Finding Life%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%22473%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot History spacer spacer White Dot Origins of Stars and Planets spacer White Dot Finding Planets spacer White Dot Finding Life spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SCIENCE gt FINDING LIFE spacer Looking for life s signatures Which gases are present in this spectrum Move your cursor over a question mark on the chart to find out then click for larger image Blue Line If we discover that there are planets resembling Earth around stars somewhat like the Sun we will find ourselves at the threshold of an even bigger question Do they harbor life A goal of Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF is to search for signs of the large scale effects that life would have on a planet s chemistry By analyzing the colors of infrared radiation detected by TPF astronomers can search for atmospheric gases such as carbon dioxide water vapor and ozone Together with the temperature and radius of the detected planets this information will allow astronomers to determine which planets are habitable or even whether they may be inhabited by rudimentary forms of life Water The spectral features of water show this element is abundant indicating a planet with an ocean Carbon Dioxide This strong band for this element shows we have a planet with an atmosphere Ozone The ozone band shows plentiful oxygen probably produced by life Water The spectral features of water show this element is abundant indicating a planet with an ocean The best candidates for closer study would be located in the habitable zone that is the region around the system s star where we can expect to find liquid water at the surface If the planet is too hot the water becomes vapor and is lost from the atmosphere If the planet is too cold the water freezes Either of these conditions would make a planet very inhospitable for life The habitable zone for our Sun starts beyond Venus and ends before Mars The Solar System s Habitable Zone Click here for a larger image Follow the ozone The existence of large amounts of oxygen in a planet s atmosphere alone would be a strong indicator of life In the Earth s atmosphere oxygen is a byproduct of photosynthesis the process by which green plants and certain other organisms use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates Furthermore oxygen molecules don t remain in the atmosphere but combine with other molecular types in a process known as oxidation Therefore a planet with an atmosphere rich in oxygen like Earth would imply a source to keep it replenished life However we know of non biological processes that can also result in an oxygen rich atmosphere The runaway greenhouse effect on Venus is one example A frozen Mars like planet big enough to hold its oxygen would be another So the presence of oxygen alone while exciting and significant couldn t be taken as an unambiguous indicator of life Furthermore oxygen doesn t produced spectral lines that can be easily observed in the infrared However ozone a form of oxygen does The detection of ozone coexisting with a reduced gas such as nitrous oxide or methane could be taken as convincing evidence not only that a planet is habitable but that it is inhabited Methane and nitrous oxide are strongly out of equilibrium with oxygen in Earth s atmosphere They are present because they too are produced by organisms Unfortunately these gases are not very abundant in Earth s present atmosphere so they would be impossible to see with a first generation TPF instrument Eventually however a much larger version of TPF might be able to make such a measurement This would be the best way to determine if life exists on planets around other stars In any case such large scale clues won t tell us about the complexity of the discovered life it could be either algae or a developed civilization It is also possible that planets without oxygen could sustain life Photosynthesis might conceivably occur with another element such as sulfur playing the role of oxygen In the search for life we must control our preconceived assumptions of what it means to be living Beyond Terrestrial Planet Finder The findings of Terrestrial Planet Finder would guide a possible subsequent mission called Life Finder Like its predecessor Life Finder would consist of an array of telescopes flying in formation The telescopes would combine infrared light to produce high resolution spectra of the atmospheres of distant planets This montage shows an artist s concepts of Life Finder foreground an extrasolar terrestrial planet and a spectral band Click here for a larger image Blue Line This montage shows an artist s concepts of Life Finder foreground an extrasolar terrestrial planet and a spectral band Blue Line Scientists would use this information to search more closely for markers of biological activity such as seasonal variations in the levels of methane and other gases changes in atmospheric chemistry and spectral variations in the dominant biomass Throughout our quest for life we will have to keep in mind the history of Earth so far the only confirmed prototype of a world where life has emerged The simplest life forms existed here well before an abundance of oxygen appeared in the atmosphere which in turn allowed multicelled organisms to flourish NASA s astrobiology research will help expand our knowledge of life signs that would appear at different stages in a planet s history as well as signs that would appear given a planetary chemistry that isn t exactly the same as our own These insights will give us the best possible chance of recognizing life if and when we find it somewhere else spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life Planet Quest Science Finding Life http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding life html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding life html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding life html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding life html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/finding_planets.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - History%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%22246%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot History spacer spacer White Dot Origins of Stars and Planets spacer White Dot Finding Planets spacer White Dot Finding Life spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SCIENCE gt FINDING PLANETS spacer Multiple methods help track elusive quarry Astrometric displacement of the Sun due to Jupiter as at it would be observed from 10 parsecs or about 33 light years Astrometric displacement of the Sun due to Jupiter as at it would be observed from 10 parsecs or about 33 light years Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 4 Ways to Find a Planet Blue Line The first planets to be found around nearby stars have never been seen Instead astronomers have discovered them through indirect techniques which infer the existence of an unseen companion through its effects on the star itself So far these methods have only turned up huge planets that probably don t harbor life However future missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder and its precursors will search for direct evidence of new planets as small as Earth The challenges of observing extrasolar planets stem from three basic facts Planets don t produce any light of their own They are an enormous distance from us They are lost in the blinding glare of their parent stars For example if there were a planet orbiting Proxima Centauri the nearest star it would be 7 000 times more distant than Pluto Trying to observe this planet would be like standing in Boston and looking for a moth near a spotlight in San Diego The following is an overview of some of the planet detection methods that have thus far proved successful as well as other methods currently in development spacer Astrometric measurement Precise measurement of the position of stars called astrometry tells us the extent of the star s movement induced from a planet s gravitational tug From that information scientists can deduce the planet s mass and orbit Why does a planet cause a star to sway If a star has a single companion both move in nearly circular orbits around their common center of mass Even if one body is much smaller the laws of physics dictate that both will orbit the center of the combined star and planet system The center of mass is the point at which the two bodies balance each other The planets of our solar system have this effect on the Sun producing a to and fro motion that could be detected by an observer positioned several light years away An important goal of the Space Interferometry Mission is to detect the presence of Earth size planets orbiting nearby solar type stars via narrow angle astrometry Similarly the Keck Interferometry will conduct an astrometric survey of hundreds of stars to search for planets with masses as small as Uranus spacer Doppler shift due to stellar wobble In terms of the number planets discovered this method has been one of the most successful As with astrometry radial velocity method measures slight changes in a star s position as the star and the planet move about their common center of mass In this case however the motion detected is toward the observer and away from the observer Astronomers can detect these variances by analyzing the spectrum of starlight In an effect known as Doppler shift light waves from a star moving toward us are shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum If the star is moving away the light waves shift toward the red end of the spectrum This happens because the waves become compressed when the star is approaching the observer and spread out when the star is receding The effect is similar to the change in pitch we hear in a train s whistle as it approaches and passes The larger the planet and the closer it is to the host star the faster the star moves about the center of mass causing a larger color shift in the spectrum of starlight That s why many of the first planets discovered are Jupiter class 300 times as massive as Earth with orbits very close to their parent stars The larger the planet and the closer it is to the host star the faster the star moves about the center of mass causing a larger color shift in the spectrum of starlight That s why many of the first planets discovered are Jupiter class 300 times as massive as Earth with orbits very close to their parent stars spacer Transit Method If a planet passes directly between a star and an observer s line of sight it blocks out a tiny portion of the star s light thus reducing its apparent brightness Sensitive instruments can detect this periodic dip in brightness From the period and depth of the transits the orbit and size of the planetary companions can be calculated Smaller planets will produce a smaller effect and vice versa A terrestrial planet in an Earth like orbit for example would produce a minute dip in stellar brightness that would last just a few hours spacer Gravitational Microlensing Light from a distant star is bent and focused by gravity as a planet passes between the star and Earth This method derives from one of the insights of Einstein s theory of general relativity gravity bends space We normally think of light as traveling in a straight line but light rays become bent when passing through space that is warped by the presence of a massive object such as a star This effect has been proven by observations of the Sun s gravitational effect on starlight When a planet happens to pass in front of a host star along our line of sight the planet s gravity will behave like a lens This focuses the light rays and causes a temporary sharp increase in brightness and change of the apparent position of the star Astronomers can use the gravitational microlensing effect to find objects that emit no light or are otherwise undetectable Direct Detection Since planets do not give off their own light observing them directly presents formidable challenges Missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder will rely on advanced technologies that can harness special properties of light to extend our vision For a more detailed discussion of planet imaging see Technology Planet Imaging spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding planets html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding planets html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding planets html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science finding planets html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/gravitational_micro.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Gravitational Microlensing - Light from a distant star is bent and focused ...%%==%%3045%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Gravitational Microlensing Light from a distant star is bent and focused by gravity as a planet passes between the star and Earth Blue Line Gravitational Microlensing Light from a distant star is bent and focused by gravity as a planet passes between the star and Earth Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science gravitational micro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science gravitational micro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science gravitational micro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science gravitational micro html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/h2o.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Water. The spectral features of water show this element is abundant, indicating ...%%==%%2983%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Water The spectral features of water show this element is abundant indicating a planet with an ocean Blue Line Water The spectral features of water show this element is abundant indicating a planet with an ocean Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science h2o html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science h2o html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science h2o html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science h2o html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/habitable.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line The Solar System's Habitable Zone Blue Line The Solar System's Habitable Zone ...%%==%%2838%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line The Solar System s Habitable Zone Blue Line The Solar System s Habitable Zone Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science habitable html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science habitable html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science habitable html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science habitable html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/hartmann_disk.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line This view shows the scene in the region of the Earth less ...%%==%%3299%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line This view shows the scene in the region of the Earth less than a million years after the sun formed Small grains of dust are gathering into planetesimals the seeds of future planets Painting copyright William K Hartmann Courtesy Planetary Science Institute Blue Line This view shows the scene in the region of the Earth less than a million years after the sun formed Small grains of dust are gathering into planetesimals the seeds of future planets Painting copyright William K Hartmann Courtesy Planetary Science Institute Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann disk html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann disk html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann disk html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann disk html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/hartmann_impact.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line When planetesimals collided too fast they broke each other apart, while slower ...%%==%%3050%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line When planetesimals collided too fast they broke each other apart while slower collisions enabled planetesimals to build mass over time Blue Line When planetesimals collided too fast they broke each other apart while slower collisions enabled planetesimals to build mass over time Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann impact html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann impact html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann impact html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hartmann impact html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/hs~hubble.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157, located in the Cepheus constellation, ...%%==%%3609%%==%%8 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157 located in the Cepheus constellation were made using Caltech s Owens Valley Millimeter Array near Bishop California Blue Line These observations of interstellar dark cloud L1157 located in the Cepheus constellation were made using Caltech s Owens Valley Millimeter Array near Bishop California The multi colored area shows a dust disk surrounding a newborn star The red orange area at the center represents the brightest region which contains the young star It is surrounded by the cooler dusty disk which appears as yellow green and blue The diameter of the disk is about 20 times larger than our entire solar system The white lines trace the radio wave emission of methanol Note that the methanol emission comes only from the outer parts of the disk That is the zone where a warm shock occurs when the cloud material moves in toward the star and meets up with the outer surface of the disk Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hs hubble html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hs hubble html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hs hubble html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hs hubble html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/hubble.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line Close Window &nbsp; Planet ...%%==%%2676%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hubble html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hubble html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hubble html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science hubble html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/life_finder.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line This montage shows an artist's concepts of Life ...%%==%%2909%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line This montage shows an artist s concepts of Life Finder foreground an extrasolar terrestrial planet and a spectral band Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science life finder html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science life finder html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science life finder html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science life finder html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/o3.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Ozone. The ozone band shows plentiful oxygen, probably produced by life. Blue ...%%==%%2920%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Ozone The ozone band shows plentiful oxygen probably produced by life Blue Line Ozone The ozone band shows plentiful oxygen probably produced by life Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science o3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science o3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science o3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science o3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/origins.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - Origins of Stars and Planets%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%20064%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot History spacer spacer White Dot Origins of Stars and Planets spacer White Dot Finding Planets spacer White Dot Finding Life spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SCIENCE gt ORIGINS OF STARS AND PLANETS spacer The birth of solar systems Painting copyright William K Hartmann Courtesy Planetary Science Institute Click here for a larger image Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand Solar System Formation blue dot QuickTime 543 KB blue dot RealPlayer 36 KB Blue Line Painting copyright William K Hartmann Courtesy Planetary Science Institute Blue Line Among the countless stars visible in the night sky how many are surrounded by solar systems like our own Scientists believe the number of other worlds may depend on the mechanism by which stars and planets are born A consensus theory that emerged over the last half of the 20th century is known as the standard model of planet formation It suggests that planets may be common throughout our galaxy the Milky Way According to this theory a planetary system begins as a disk of gas and dust rotating in one direction around a star The protoplanetary disk is itself a by product of the formation of the parent star from a dense interstellar cloud Gravity causes the cloud to contract and slight variations in the motion of different parts of the cloud build up into a net rotation Since the cloud is spinning the conservation of angular momentum causes it to flatten into a disk Material in the core of the disk starts forming a new star Solar System Formation Click here for a larger image Blue Line Solar System Formation Video AVI 269 MB Blue Line The remaining disk is full of tiny dust grains of graphite and silicates with outer coatings of water ice or frozen carbon dioxide dry ice These grains rain toward the plane of the disk pulled inward by its gravitational force This process causes the grains become concentrated and they begin to stick together gathering mass and growing in size over several thousands of years Eventually the grains form pebble and rock size objects orbiting in the same direction and plane These objects interact gravitationally resulting in an uneven clumpy distribution Most of them accumulate into particular orbits with nearly empty gaps between At this point there are trillions of orbits and gaps most of them circular and some enlongated Within each crowded orbit the matter collides to produce planetesimals objects up to a kilometer or so in diameter These planetesimals in turn collide and accrete new material eventually building up into planet sized objects The type of planet that forms depends on temperature conditions and the type and quantity of matter available In the case of our solar system there was just enough material left over at the right temperature to form rocky planets like the Earth Mars and Venus within 250 million km 155 million miles of the Sun Farther out where temperatures were cooler and more material was available gas giants formed Since 1995 scientists have discovered more than 70 new planets and planetary systems but most don t resemble our solar system Instead scientists have been surprised to find gas giants orbiting very close to their host stars Theorists speculate that some of these large planets may have migrated inward because of gravitational interactions with the protoplanetary disk spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets Planet Quest Science Origins of Stars and Planets http planetquest jpl nasa gov science origins html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science origins html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science origins html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science origins html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/planets_chart.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Distribution of planets found around nearby stars (Courtesy G. Marcy / E. ...%%==%%2945%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Distribution of planets found around nearby stars Courtesy G Marcy E Williams Blue Line Distribution of planets found around nearby stars Courtesy G Marcy E Williams Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science planets chart html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science planets chart html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science planets chart html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science planets chart html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/science_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - History%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%23339%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot History spacer spacer White Dot Origins of Stars and Planets spacer White Dot Finding Planets spacer White Dot Finding Life spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SCIENCE gt HISTORY spacer From intuition to discovery Edwin Hubble Click here for a larger image Blue Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line In 1584 when the Catholic monk Giordano Bruno asserted that there were countless suns and countless earths all rotating around their suns he was accused of heresy But even in Bruno s time the idea of a plurality of worlds wasn t entirely new As far back as ancient Greece humankind has speculated that other solar systems might exist and that some would harbor other forms of life The Earth was dethroned as a supreme entity in the cosmos early in the 16th century when Copernicus discovered that our planet orbits the Sun His insight while reluctantly accepted changed Western thinking forever At the dawn of the 20th century Edwin Hubble using what was then the largest telescope in the world atop of Mount Wilson found that the small nebulae in the sky were neighboring islands of stars far outside our own galaxy each containing hundreds of billions of stars Hubble s observations proved that the potential havens for habitable planets are immeasurable in number Still almost an entire century went by without convincing proof of planets around even the nearest stars On several occasions discoveries of such extrasolar planets were announced only to be repudiated Hope and disappointment Because planets are too small and distant to be observed directly astronomers have sought to discern their existence by detecting their effects on the host star During the late 1960s astronomer Peter van de Kamp claimed to have detected of two planets using this technique However subsequent observations failed to verify the existence of either companion around Barnard s Star the second nearest star system to the Sun Prospects for finding new worlds around other stars brightened in the 1980s when Dr Bradford A Smith of the University of Arizona in Tucson and Dr Richard J Terrile of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory made infrared observations of a disk of dust surrounding the normal star Beta Pictoris Beta Pictoris Click here for a larger image Blue Line Beta Pictoris Blue Line Their discovery provided the first unambiguous proof that flattened disks of matter exist around stars other than the Sun The Beta Pictoris disk appeared to be a young planetary system in the making and thus supported the standard model of solar system birth which supposes that planets accrete from a disk of dust and gas surrounding a young star Truly alien worlds The first true extrasolar planet discovery came in 1994 when Dr Alexander Wolszczan a radio astronomer at Pennsylvania State University reported what he called unambiguous proof of extrasolar planetary systems While scientists accepted his assessment those hoping for evidence of planetary systems similar to our own were less than elated Wolszczan had discovered two or three planet sized objects orbiting a pulsar rather than a normal star in the Virgo constellation A pulsar is a dense rapidly spinning remnant of a supernova explosion Wolszczan made his discovery by observing regular variations in the pulsar s rapidly pulsed radio signal indicating the planets complex gravitational effects on the dead star The origins of Wolszczan s unexpected pulsar planets remains a matter of debate but there is little controversy on one point These worlds couldn t support life as we know it These planetary companions would be permanently bathed in high energy radiation leaving them barren and inhospitable An onrush of discovery The first discovery of a planet orbiting a star similar to the Sun came in 1995 The Swiss team of Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of Geneva announced that they had found a rapidly orbiting world located blisteringly close to a the star 51 Pegasi Their planet was at least half the mass of Jupiter and no more than twice its mass They had observed it indirectly using the radial velocity method For information about radial velocity detection see Finding Planets These announcements marked the beginning of a flood of discoveries Three months later a team led by Geoffrey W Marcy and Paul Butler of San Francisco State University and the University of California at Berkeley confirmed the Swiss discovery and turned up two more planets By the end of the 20th century several dozen worlds had been discovered many the result of months or years of observation of nearby stars Distribution of planets found around nearby stars Courtesy G Marcy E Williams Click here for a larger image Blue Line Distribution of planets found around nearby stars Courtesy G Marcy E Williams Blue Line Many like the companion to 51 Pegasi are bizarre with short periods and eccentric orbits close to the star But more recently astronomers have found planets that more closely resemble those in our outer solar system with circular orbits and longer orbital periods Astronomers attribute the abrupt surge in discoveries in part to technological advances in recent years These include Significant improvements in spectrometers instruments that separate starlight into its component colors for analysis Better electronic sensors that record the incoming starlight collected by telescope optics The development of computer software that can reliably discern fluctuations in starlight and the motion induced by the gravitation pull of unseen companions Furthermore the maturation of these technologies has led to intensified searches and data gathering A new era of exploration None of these new worlds has actually been seen All are massive Jupiter class planets considered unlikely to harbor life as we know it Many have short orbital periods If planets like Earth exist with smaller masses and longer orbital periods their discovery will require more sensitive instruments and years of precise sustained observations Nonetheless the dream of other worlds waiting to be explored and the idea that our solar system is not unique has moved from philosophical speculation into reality These discoveries harbor the potential to shift human thinking on a scale comparable to the Copernican revolution The next chapter in the brief history of extrasolar planet discoveries is already being written New tools and visionary technologies currently in development will soon enable us to learn more about these nearby planetary systems The Keck Interferometer will capture the first images of gas giants outsider our solar system while the Space Interferometry Mission will be capable of detecting evidence of planets slightly larger than Earth Meanwhile other ground based planet search programs continue to yield new discoveries giving scientists a broader view of the diversity of planets in our galaxy spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/science_index_orig.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - History%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section ...%%==%%16618%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site White Dot History spacer spacer White Dot Origin of Stars and Planets spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Interferometry spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SCIENCE gt HISTORY spacer Ever Sharpening Eyes on the Universe Interactivity Interactivity Interactivity Graphic Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetaur adipisicing elit sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna liqua Ut eenim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat Duis aute inure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillium dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum Et harumd und lookum like Greek to me dereud facilis est er expedit distinct Nam liber te conscient to factor tum poen legum odioque civiuda Et tam neque pecun modut est neque nonor et imper ned libidig met consectetur adipiscing elit sed ut labore et dolore magna aliquam makes one wonder who would ever read this stuff Bis nostrud exercitation ulam mmodo consequet Duis aute in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulia pariatur At vver eos et accusam dignissum qui blandit est praesent luptatum delenit algue excepteur sint occae spacer Copyright FAQ Employment Feedback Site Map document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index orig html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/science_index_style2.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - History%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section ...%%==%%23162%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map Home Page News Section Media Info Section Professional Area Section Origins Section Search Site White Dot History spacer spacer White Dot Origins of Stars and Planets spacer White Dot Finding Planets spacer White Dot Finding Life spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer SCIENCE gt HISTORY spacer From intuition to discovery Edwin Hubble Click here for a larger image Blue Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line In 1584 when the Catholic monk Giordano Bruno asserted that there were countless suns and countless earths all rotating around their suns he was accused of heresy But even in Bruno s time the idea of a plurality of worlds wasn t entirely new As far back as ancient Greece humankind has speculated that other solar systems might exist and that some would harbor other forms of life The Earth was dethroned as a supreme entity in the cosmos early in the 16th century when Copernicus discovered that our planet orbits the Sun His insight while reluctantly accepted changed Western thinking forever At the dawn of the 20th century Edwin Hubble using what was then the largest telescope in the world atop of Mount Wilson found that the small nebulae in the sky were neighboring islands of stars far outside our own galaxy each containing hundreds of billions of stars Hubble s observations proved that the potential havens for habitable planets are immeasurable in number Still almost an entire century went by without convincing proof of planets around even the nearest stars On several occasions discoveries of such extrasolar planets were announced only to be repudiated Hope and disappointment Because planets are too small and distant to be observed directly astronomers have sought to discern their existence by detecting their effects on the host star During the late 1960s astronomer Peter van de Kamp claimed to have detected of two planets using this technique However subsequent observations failed to verify the existence of either companion around Barnard s Star the second nearest star system to the Sun Prospects for finding new worlds around other stars brightened in the 1980s when Dr Bradford A Smith of the University of Arizona in Tucson and Dr Richard J Terrile of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory made infrared observations of a disk of dust surrounding the normal star Beta Pictoris Beta Pictoris Click here for a larger image Blue Line Beta Pictoris Blue Line Their discovery provided the first unambiguous proof that flattened disks of matter exist around stars other than the Sun The Beta Pictoris disk appeared to be a young planetary system in the making and thus supported the standard model of solar system birth which supposes that planets accrete from a disk of dust and gas surrounding a young star Truly alien worlds The first true extrasolar planet discovery came in 1994 when Dr Alexander Wolszczan a radio astronomer at Pennsylvania State University reported what he called unambiguous proof of extrasolar planetary systems While scientists accepted his assessment those hoping for evidence of planetary systems similar to our own were less than elated Wolszczan had discovered two or three planet sized objects orbiting a pulsar rather than a normal star in the Virgo constellation A pulsar is a dense rapidly spinning remnant of a supernova explosion Wolszczan made his discovery by observing regular variations in the pulsar s rapidly pulsed radio signal indicating the planets complex gravitational effects on the dead star The origins of Wolszczan s unexpected pulsar planets remains a matter of debate but there is little controversy on one point These worlds couldn t support life as we know it These planetary companions would be permanently bathed in high energy radiation leaving them barren and inhospitable An onrush of discovery The first discovery of a planet orbiting a star similar to the Sun came in 1995 The Swiss team of Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of Geneva announced that they had found a rapidly orbiting world located blisteringly close to a the star 51 Pegasi Their planet was at least half the mass of Jupiter and no more than twice its mass They had observed it indirectly using the radial velocity method For information about radial velocity detection see Finding Planets These announcements marked the beginning of a flood of discoveries Three months later a team led by Geoffrey W Marcy and Paul Butler of San Francisco State University and the University of California at Berkeley confirmed the Swiss discovery and turned up two more planets By the end of the 20th century several dozen worlds had been discovered many the result of months or years of observation of nearby stars Distribution of planets found around nearby stars Courtesy G Marcy E Williams Click here for a larger image Blue Line Distribution of planets found around nearby stars Courtesy G Marcy E Williams Blue Line Many like the companion to 51 Pegasi are bizarre with short periods and eccentric orbits close to the star But more recently astronomers have found planets that more closely resemble those in our outer solar system with circular orbits and longer orbital periods Astronomers attribute the abrupt surge in discoveries in part to technological advances in recent years These include Significant improvements in spectrometers instruments that separate starlight into its component colors for analysis Better electronic sensors that record the incoming starlight collected by telescope optics The development of computer software that can reliably discern fluctuations in starlight and the motion induced by the gravitation pull of unseen companions Furthermore the maturation of these technologies has led to intensified searches and data gathering A new era of exploration None of these new worlds has actually been seen All are massive Jupiter class planets considered unlikely to harbor life as we know it Many have short orbital periods If planets like Earth exist with smaller masses and longer orbital periods their discovery will require more sensitive instruments and years of precise sustained observations Nonetheless the dream of other worlds waiting to be explored and the idea that our solar system is not unique has moved from philosophical speculation into reality These discoveries harbor the potential to shift human thinking on a scale comparable to the Copernican revolution The next chapter in the brief history of extrasolar planet discoveries is already being written New tools and visionary technologies currently in development will soon enable us to learn more about these nearby planetary systems The Keck Interferometer will capture the first images of gas giants outsider our solar system while the Space Interferometry Mission will be capable of detecting evidence of planets slightly larger than Earth Meanwhile other ground based planet search programs continue to yield new discoveries giving scientists a broader view of the diversity of planets in our galaxy spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page Keck Interferometer StarLight SIM Terrestrial Planet Finder document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History Planet Quest Science History http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index style2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index style2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index style2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science science index style2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/transit.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Transit Method Blue Line Transit Method Blue Line Close Window &nbsp; Planet ...%%==%%2798%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Transit Method Blue Line Transit Method Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov science transit html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science transit html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science transit html http planetquest jpl nasa gov science transit html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/showcase/showcase_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Science - Web Showcase%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%17651%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer WEB SHOWCASE spacer The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia Comprehensive and up to date site with a professional slant maintained by Jean Schneider of the Paris Observatory The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia spacer The University of California Planet Search Project Includes general information about the project an almanac of all the new planets discovered and a scientific research section The University of California Planet Search Project spacer The Optical Long Baseline Interferometry News This newsletter is a forum for scientists engineers and students who share an interest in long baseline stellar interferometry Here you will find links to projects devoted to stellar interferometry news items and resources for further research The Optical Long Baseline Interferometry News spacer The DARWIN project This Web site contains Information about DARWIN a proposed European Agency Mission similar to Terrestrial Planet Finder DARWIN would fly multiple telescopes to form an infrared interferometer in space that could detect terrestial planets in orbit around other stars than our Sun and search for markers of biological activity The DARWIN project spacer Extrasolar Visions Imaginative science based visualizations of extrasolar planets and systems Extrasolar Visions spacer Optical Interferometry Planet Detection and the SIM Mission Web site by a science educator at the Lawrence Hall of Science at UC Berkeley about a school project involving the construction of a simple interferometer Includes an introduction the scientific and technological principles of interferometry Optical Interferometry Planet Detection and the SIM Mission spacer Kepler Mission A proposed NASA mission designed to discover and characterize hundreds of Earth size planets using a spacebased photometer Kepler Mission spacer The Anglo Australian Planet Search A long term program being carried out on the 3 9m Anglo Australian Telescope AAT to search for giant planets using the radial velocity method The Anglo Australian Planet Search spacer Extrasolar Planets Forum Message board on extrasolar planets for professionals maintained by Fabien Malbet of Grenoble France To subscribe send the message subscribe exoplanets Name Institution to listserv laog obs ujf grenoble fr Extrasolar Planets Forum nbsp spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase Planet Quest Science Web Showcase http planetquest jpl nasa gov showcase showcase index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov showcase showcase index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov showcase showcase index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov showcase showcase index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_astrometric.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Keck Interferometer%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%17613%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Measuring the Universe spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer SCIENCE GOALS gt ASTROMETRIC HIGHLIGHTS spacer The science program for SIM has been developed over a number of years by individuals participating on NASA advisory panels most notably the SIM Science Working Group SIMSWG The SIMSWG has worked with the SIM Project to develop science performance recommendations for the SIM interferometer and its operation as a flight instrument For complete information please see the Final Report of the SIM Science Working Group Some specific examples include Dynamics and Evolution of Binary Stars Dynamics and Evolution of Binary Stars Obtain precise masses for stellar constituents in spectroscopic binaries in order to refine the mass luminosity relation for sub solar mass stars in the Galactic disk and for the first time to determine directly the mass luminosity relation for metal poor stars in the Galactic halo Stellar Death and Standard Candles Stellar Death and Standard Candles Luminosities of rare OB main sequence stars planetary nebulae and AGB stars are not well known Accurate distances to a larger sample of these short lived objects will allow us to test theoretical predictions for high mass star and post giant branch evolution particularly the effects of stellar winds and dust driven mass loss The Ages of Globular Clusters The Ages of Globular Clusters Determine the age and the evolutionary state of a number of representative Globular Clusters in the Milky Way and of some Globular Clusters that appear to have undergone a complex chemical evolution and enrichment Dynamics of Small Stellar Systems Dynamics of Small Stellar Systems By measuring the proper motions of many stars in globular clusters the dynamics of these systems can be better understood the role played by binary stars is of particular importance Similarly dwarf spheroidal galaxies can be studied for clues to their unusually high mass to light ratios Stellar Dynamics of the Galaxy Stellar Dynamics of the Galaxy Understand the mass distribution and the dynamics of our Galaxy In particular we ask 1 What is the size of the Galaxy 2 What is the distribution of mass in our Galaxy and 3 What are the kinematics of stars in the outer halo as well as in and near the plane By answering these questions we will learn about the nature of the dark matter and the formation history of the Galaxy Dynamics of the Local Universe Dynamics of the Local Universe Measure distances and proper motions to a sample of galaxies withing 1 Mpc We will then better understand the mass distribution and the structure of the local universe Rotational Parallax of Nearby Spiral Galaxies Rotational Parallax of Nearby Spiral Galaxies Directly measure the distance to nearby spiral galaxies and calibrate the Tully Fisher relation used to measure larger distances in the universe From this we will be able to calibrate the luminosities of Population I objects in a variety of external systems including the full range of Cepheids and RR Lyra stars observable in nearby Spiral system Astrometric Gravitational Lensing Events Astrometric Gravitational Lensing Events SIM can exploit astrometric signatures created in a microlensing encounter to reconstruct the mass and kinematic properties of the lens something not currently possible with the vast majority of photometric only detections spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Missions Keck Interferometer http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim astrometric html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim astrometric html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim astrometric html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim astrometric html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_facts.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%16072%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Measuring the Universe spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer QUICK FACTS spacer The Space Interferometry Mission SIM is designed as a space based 10 m baseline optical Michelson interferometer operating in the visible waveband This mission will open up many areas of astrophysics via astrometry with unprecedented accuracy Over a narrow field of view SIM is expected to achieve a mission accuracy of 1 181as In this mode SIM will search for planetary companions to nearby stars by detecting the astrometric wobble relative to a nearby 1 176 reference star In its wide angle mode SIM will be capable of providing 4 181as precision absolute position measurements of stars with parallaxes to comparable accuracy at the end of a 5 year mission The expected proper motion accuracy is around 2 181as yr corresponding to a transverse velocity of 10 m s at a distance of 1 kpc A field of regard of 15 degree is accessible to SIM by repointing the optics SIM will make multiple relative measurements of the separations of Grid Stars within each of such tile Wide angle astrometry is performed by combining the relative positions of the grid stars in overlapping tiles and constructing an astrometric grid covering the entire sky A summary of the key instrument and mission parameters is given in the table below SIM Instrument and Mission Parameters Baseline 10 m Wavelength range 0 4 0 9 181m Telescope Aperture 0 3 m diameter Astrometric Field of Regard 15 176 diameter Astrometric Narrow Angle Field of View 1 176 diameter Imaging Field of View 1 arcsec Detector Si CCD Orbit Earth trailing solar orbit Science Mission Duration 5 years launch in 2009 Wide Angle Astrometry 4 181as mission accuracy Narrow Angle Astrometry 1 181as mission accuracy Limiting Magnitude 20 mag Imaging Resolution 10 milliarcsec Interferometric Nulling Null depth 10 4 spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim facts html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%15240%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot A New Level of Precision spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS SIM spacer Taking the measure of the universe SIM Blue Line Artist s concept of SIM Blue Line How big is the universe How old is it Are there other planets like Earth out there among the stars We have asked these questions around campfires and in the halls of universities for centuries Today we know that the answers lie hidden in the positions and distances of the stars and galaxies And each time scientists have measured these positions and distances with greater accuracy they have gained a wealth of new understanding The Space Interferometry Mission SIM scheduled for launch in 2009 will determine the positions and distances of stars several hundred times more accurately than any previous program This accuracy will allow SIM to determine the distances to stars throughout the galaxy and to probe nearby stars for Earth sized planets SIM will open a window to a new world of discoveries This breakthrough in capabilities is possible because SIM will use optical interferometry Pioneered by Albert Michelson who became the first American to win the Nobel Prize in physics in 1907 optical interferometry can fulfill its full potential only outside the distorting effects of Earth s atmosphere There it can combine light from two or more telescopes as if they were pieces of a single gigantic telescope mirror Developed for use in space with SIM this technique will eventually lead to the development of telescopes powerful enough to take images of Earth like planets orbiting distant stars and to determine whether these planets sustain life as we know it SIM is being developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under contract with NASA and in close collaboration with two industry partners Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space in Sunnyvale California and TRW Inc Space and Electronics Group in Redondo Beach California spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_measuring.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%16592%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot A New Level of Precision spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer WHAT IS SIM gt A NEW LEVEL OF PRECISION spacer Orion Measuring distances between stars is very different from measuring distances on Earth where we can lay out yardsticks or pull out a measuring tape to see for example how far apart two trees are However even on Earth we often measure distances between inacessible points that we can see but that we cannot reach The distance between two mountain tops or the width of a river are good examples Land surveyors have developed a simple geometric method for such situations called parallax They measure the angle to a distant object from two different vantage points A surveyor can then calculate the distance to the object from the difference of these two angles and the separation between the two vantage points or baseline The longer the baseline is the more accurate the measurement will be Earth To measure the huge distances to stars we need a very long baseline Actually we are already travelling along an enormous baseline Every year Earth completes its journey around the Sun In the spring we find ourselves on one side of the solar system and six months later in the fall we are on the opposite side of the Sun 300 million kilometers or 187 million miles away from where we started out in the spring Because we have now changed our vantage point some stars appear to be in a different position in the fall than they were in the spring Nearby stars appear to have moved more than more distant stars The most distant stars do not seem to change positions at all Because these changes are small and get smaller the farther a star lies away from the Sun we need to measure the positions of distant stars very precisely to determine their distance The Space Interferometry Mission will measure the position of stars with an accuracy of 4 microarcseconds and will see parallaxes at a 10 percent accuracy level out to a distance of 482 000 million million miles or in astronomical units 25 000 parsec In other words SIM would be able to see the grass in your yard grow every second from as far away as 10 kilometers or more than 6 miles With this accuracy SIM will be able to measure the distance to any object in our Milky Way Galaxy as long as it s bright enough This is an improvement of several hundred times over what is possible today galaxy Once we have measured a reliable distance we can also determine the brightness of a star Think of a very dark night As long as you do not know how far away from you a light is a small flashlight close to you will appear as bright or brighter than the glaring headlamps of a distant truck In the same way astronomers need to know the distance to a star Only if the distance is known they will know whether they are looking at a dull nearby star or a bright distant star We have seen here that precise position measurement of stars lead to reliable distance determinations From these distances we determine the true brightness of a star And those determinations will teach us all about the chemical composition and the evolution of the stars The key to all these investigations is precise position measurements spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim measuring html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim measuring html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim measuring html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim measuring html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_mission.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%15253%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot A New Level of Precision spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer WHAT IS SIM gt THE MISSION spacer SIM will be an optical interferometer operating in an Earth trailing solar orbit The SIM spacecraft will be launched via the Space Shuttle from the Eastern Test Range at the Cape Canaveral Air Station in 2009 Once ejected from the shuttle payload bay initial deployments and checkout will take place Next SIM will gradually be boosted into an orbit about the Sun via use of an integral propulsion module IPM In its final orbit the spacecraft will slowly drift away from the Earth at a rate of approximately 0 1 AU per year reaching a maximum communication distance of about 95 million kilometers after 5 5 years In this orbit the spacecraft will receive continuous solar illumination avoiding the occultations which would occur in an Earth orbit Space Shuttle Following orbit insertion the solar array and high gain antenna will be fully deployed Spacecraft systems will be checked out and tracking data collected to precisely determine the actual orbit achieved After a period of several days to allow dispersion of any contaminants final instrument deployments will take place Check out and calibration of the interferometer will then commence and continue for several months From the end of this calibration period through the year 2011 the SIM interferometer will perform nearly continuous science observations over the entire celestial sphere Pointing of the spacecraft will be performed using reaction wheels with small reaction control system thrusters used to desaturate the reaction wheels Pointing will be performed such that the nominal viewing axis never be within 45 degrees of the Sun to protect the viewing optics from heating The spacecraft s velocity will need to be determined to an accuracy of 20 mm sec or better in order to correct for relativistic stellar aberration This will be achieved using ranging and doppler data obtained by 34m Deep Space Network DNS ground stations Nominally observation sequence specifications will be uplinked every week or two Observation data will be stored onboard and returned to Earth several times each week Special quick turnaround procedures will be used to handle targets of opportunity spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim mission html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim mission html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim mission html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim mission html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_project.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%16033%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Measuring the Universe spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer SIM gt PROJECT STATUS spacer November 2001 New project manager named Jim Marr formerly the SIM deputy project manager has promoted to project manager replacing Tom Fraschetti who was project manager for SIM for the past two years Fraschetti has accepted a new position as deputy director for the Science and Engineering Directorate at JPL spacer November 2001 Fringe stabilization completed Fringe stabilization the second of five technology milestones that serve as gates for the project to pass through in order to proceed with development was achieved in November ahead of schedule This milestone was to demonstrate the ability of SIM to stabilize fringes of faint science stars on the science interferometer of System Testbed 3 STB 3 Its demonstrates that SIM can provide the nanometer control required to enable the broad survey and deep search for planets and the astrometric grid With this demonstration the nanometer control technology activity is successfully concluded The Three Baseline SIM System Testbed STB 3 has demonstrated 65 dB rejection of attitude control disturbances to fringe motion on a full five meter interferometer testbed Note that this performance substantially exceeds the 50 dB milestone objective and was completed ahead of schedule The first of the technology milestones demonstrating that the brassboard metrology beam launcher is capable of performance that meets both narrow angle and global astrometry requirements was achieved in August This milestone was also required to enable the broad survey of planetary systems and the astrometric grid spacer May 2001 Authorization to proceed with shared baseline design SIM has received written authorization from NASA Headquarters to proceed with the Phase A development of the new Shared Baseline Design The SIM team had been working for the past eight months on new design concepts that would reduce the complexity risk and cost of the SIM Mission With the very effective support of the newly formed SIM Science Team a new design concept for the SIM Mission was developed The new design eliminates the complex metrology boom the folding of the 11 meter structure and the complex optical switchyard It also reduces the number of mechanisms and external metrology beams by about 50 percent Although simpler than the previous SIM design this new design preserves more than 90 percent of the original SIM science capability The primary science capability namely the narrow angle and global astrometric capability was preserved The imaging capability was significantly reduced and nulling was eliminated spacer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim project html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_science.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%18936%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Measuring the Universe spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer SCIENCE GOALS gt PLANET DETECTION spacer Extrasolar Image Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 4 ways to find a planet Blue Line The discovery of planets around other stars has brought into focus a long standing but poorly understood problem in astronomy namely the formation of planetary systems These new data are the first solid pieces in a puzzle which will take some time to unravel SIM will contribute strongly to the observational database available for testing solar system formation theories by searching for planets SIM will be capable of detecting planets down to Earth mass around the nearest stars and Jupiter mass planets out to a kiloparsec Thus an important goal for SIM is to detect the presence of earth sized planets orbiting nearby solar type stars and to study their characteristics in order to learn about the formation and evolution of planetary systems that might include habitable planets A secondary goal is to identify good targets for the Terrestrial Planet Finder which will directly detect light from extra solar planets To do this SIM will search for earth sized planets orbiting in or near the habitable zones of 50 of the most suitable solar type stars Because planets are extremely faint compared to their parent star typically one billion times fainter in the visible waveband indirect detection techniques must be used for the time being In a two body system both components orbit around the center of mass in the system so that the presence of a comparatively small body such as a planet around a star induces a wobble in its motion which can be detected by tracing the motion of the center of light in the system There are two possible indirect techniques the first utilizes the Doppler shift resulting from the radial motion of the star With a resolution on the order of 10 meters per second it has been possible to detect giant planets around several solar type stars With this technique the mass of the planet is unknown to a factor sin i where i is the inclination of orbit plane to the line of sight The second indirect technique monitors the reflex motion of the target star around the common center of mass with respect to a local frame of distant objects Our own Sun would reveal the presence of its planetary system to an observer at 10 parsecs away by systematically moving around the light centroid in response to the gravitational pull of the large planets as seen below The dominant sources of the wobble are Jupiter and Saturn SIM performs this second technique via narrow angle astrometry The science interferometer alternatively observes the candidate star and distant background stars within about one degree on the sky By carefully selecting those reference stars forming the local frame repeated observations will lead to a very high relative positional accuracy of the science target with respect to this local frame In its narrow angle regime SIM will reach a precision of about 1 microarcsecond during the mission lifetime This corresponds to a detection of the reflex motion induced by Earth mass planets around the nearest few solar type stars The two dimensional astrometric information obtained then uniquely defines the orbital inclination of the companion and hence a unique mass since the distance is known accurately via parallax SIM s discovery space for planets SIM will be able to detect large terrestrial planets orbiting nearby solar type stars and study their characteristics in order to learn about the role of rocky cores in the formation and evolution of planetary systems To accomplish this SIM will search 200 main sequence stars for large terrestrial planets which formed as rocky cores in the region closer to their parent stars than the inner boundary of the ice condensation zones in their proto planetary disks Where feasible orbital solutions and planet masses will be derived Once one planet is detected the search will be extended for evidence of additional planets in that system For this program terrestrial planets 5 to 10 earth masses i may be defined as having the following characteristics they should be inside the inner boundary of the ice condensation zones periods of 1 to 10 years depends on the spectral type of the star ii their parent star should be a main sequence star types A through M O and B are too rare and therefore too distant The targets should be known not to have companions which would interfere with the formation or survival of large terrestrial planets The above figure shows where the known planets including our own solar system lie in the mass orbit radius plane together with the sensitivity limits of the two main detection methods spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim science html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_team.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%20306%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Measuring the Universe spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer SIM gt TEAM spacer SIM is being developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under contract with NASA and in close collaboration with two industry partners Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space in Sunnyvale California and TRW Inc Space and Electronics Group in Redondo Beach California Project Manager Jim Marr JPL Deputy Project Manager vacant Project Scientist Dr Michael Shao JPL Deputy Project Scientist Dr Steve Unwin JPL Project Technologist Dr Robert Laskin JPL Flight System Dr Robert Laskin JPL Deputy Flight System Manager Dr Charles Bell JPL System Engineer Peter Kahn JPL Mission Assurance Jim Arnett JPL Mission System Fred Hammer JPL Instrument Industry Partner Manager Alan Duncan LM Spacecraft Industry Partner Manager Ken Rourke TRW Outreach Scientist Dr Rolf Danner JPL Interferometry Science Center Navid Dehghani JPL Caltech SCIENCE TEAM In November 2000 NASA selected a science team for the Space Interferometry Mission The team includes the Principal Investigators of 10 key science projects and five mission scientist Dr Marcy Geoffrey W University of California Berkeley Dr Gould Andrew P Ohio State University Dr Shaya Edward J Raytheon ITSS Corporation Dr Johnston Kenneth J U S Naval Observatory Dr Chaboyer Brian C Dartmouth College Dr Henry Todd J Georgia State University Dr Majewski Steven R University of Virginia Dr Beichman Charles A Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dr Shao Michael Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dr Wehrle Ann E Jet Propulsion Laboratory MISSION SCIENTISTS Education and Public Outreach Scientist Dr Worthey Guy P Washington State University Data Scientist Dr Quirrenbach Andreas University of California San Diego Instrument Scientist Dr Shaklan Stuart Jet Propulsion Laboratory Interdisciplinary Scientist Dr Kulkarni Shrinivas R California Institute of Technology Crowded Field Astrometry and Imaging Scientist Dr Allen Ronald J Space Telescope Science Institute The Space Interferometry Mission Team Click here for a larger image Blue Line The Space Interferometry Mission Team Blue Line spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_team_pic.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line The Space Interferometry Mission Team. Blue Line The Space Interferometry Mission Team. ...%%==%%2748%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line The Space Interferometry Mission Team Blue Line The Space Interferometry Mission Team Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team pic html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team pic html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team pic html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim team pic html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/sim_technology.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Space Interferometry Mission%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%15160%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Measuring the Universe spacer White Dot The Mission spacer White Dot Planet Detection spacer White Dot Astrometric Highlights spacer spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY GOALS spacer Successful development of SIM requires that three grand technological challenges be met and overcome 1 nanometer level control and stabilization of optical element positions on a lightweight flexible structure 2 sub nanometer level sensing of optical element relative positions over meters of separation distance 3 overall instrument complexity and the implications for interferometer integration and test and autonomous on orbit operation The Interferometry Technology Program at JPL is addressing these grand challenges and other technical issues with a three part program Stabilization of Optical Pathlength Stabilization of Optical Pathlength on a lightweight flexible structure in the presence of spacecraft vibration and thermal distortions in order to mainain high fringe visibility and enable starlight nulling also see the 6th Microdynamics Workshop in June 1999 149 nbsp 10 nm stabilization for astrometry 149 nbsp 1 nm stabilization for nulling Laser Metrology Laser Metrology to measure critical interferometer component relative positional parameters over meters of separation distance to enable microarcsecond astrometry 149 nbsp 50 pm for narrow angle astrometry 149 nbsp 200 pm for wide angle astrometry Integration and Test Integration and Test of a complex interferometer instrument its autonomous on orbit operation and performance prediction 149 nbsp 3 interferometer baselines operating together The fundamental feasibility of meeting these technological challenges has already been demonstrated and a bibliography of publications by members of the technology program is available spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Interferometry Mission Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission Planet Quest Missions Space Interferometry Mission http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM sim technology html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/SIM/techbib.html%%==%%Space Interferometry Mission: Technology References%%==%%Publications by Members of the Technology Program M. M. Colavita, J. K. Wallace, B. E. Hines, U. Gursel, F. Malbet, D. L. Palmer, X. ...%%==%%2726%%==%%3 Dec 2001%%==%% Publications by Members of the Technology Program M M Colavita J K Wallace B E Hines U Gursel F Malbet D L Palmer X P Pan M Shao J W Yu A F Boden P J Dumont J Gubler D C Koresko S R Kulkarni B F Lane D W Mobley G T van Belle The Palomar Testbed Interferometer ApJ 510 1999 Y Gursel Laser metrology gauges for OSI Proceedings of SPIE conference on Spaceborne Interferometry Vol 1947 pp 188 197 1993 Y Gursel Metrology for spatial interferometry Proceedings of SPIE conference on Amplitude and Intensity Spatial Interferometry Vol 2200 pp 27 34 1994 Y Gursel Metrology for spatial interferometry II Proceedings of SPIE conference on Spaceborne Interferometry II Vol 2477 p 240 258 1995 Y Gursel Metrology for spatial interferometry III Proceedings of SPIE conference on Space Telescopes and Instruments IV Vol 2807 pp 148 161 1996 R A Laskin The Space Interferometry Mission SIM Meeting the Technology Challenge Paper No 3872 13 Photonics for Space and Enhanced Radiation Environments Conference PSERE European Optical Society SPIE Symposium on Remote Sensing Florence Italy Sept 99 R A Laskin A M San Martin Control Structure System Design of a Spaceborne Optical Interferometer AAS AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference August 1989 G W Neat L F Sword B E Hines and R J Calvet Micro Precision Interferometer Testbed End to End System Integration of Control Structure Interaction Technologies Proceedings of the SPIE Symposium on OE Aerospace Science and Sensing Conference on Spaceborne Interferometry Orlando FL 1993 D Redding and W Breckenridge Optical modeling for dynamics and control analysis J Guidance Control and Dynamics 14 1991 J Spanos and M O Neal Nanometer Level Optical Control on the JPL Phase B Testbed ADPA AIAA ASME SPIE Conf on Active Materials and Adaptive Structures Alexandria VA Nov 5 7 1991 M Shao M M Colavita B E Hines D H Staelin D J Hutter K J Johnson D Mozurkewich R S Simon J L Hersey J A Hughes and G H Kaplan Mark III Stellar Interferometer Astron Astrophysics 193 pp 357 371 1988 Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References Space Interferometry Mission Technology References SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory SIM Space Interferometry Mission Origins Origins Program NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM techbib html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM techbib html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM techbib html http planetquest jpl nasa gov SIM techbib html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/star_and_planet_formation/star_and_planet_quickTime.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Star and Planet Formation spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the &quot;Play&quot; button ...%%==%%3151%%==%%10 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Star and Planet Formation spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation Star and Planet Formation Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet quickTime html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/star_and_planet_formation/star_and_planet_realPlayer.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Star and Planet Formation spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the &quot;Play&quot; ...%%==%%3438%%==%%12 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Star and Planet Formation spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation Star and Planet Formation Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov star and planet formation star and planet realPlayer html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/starlight_facts.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - StarLight%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10448%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS STARLIGHT spacer Under Construction spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Starlight Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight facts html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/starlight_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - StarLight%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%15287%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS STARLIGHT spacer The first formation flying space interferometer Artist s concept of StarLight The Collector left and Combiner right spacecraft are linked by an inter spacecraft communication system and a laser metrology beam Click here for a larger image Blue Line Artist s concept of StarLight The Collector left and Combiner right spacecraft are linked by an inter spacecraft communication system and a laser metrology beam Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 3D StarLight model StarLight Animation nbsp nbsp nbsp RealPlayer 738 KB nbsp nbsp nbsp QuickTime 3 5 MB Find Out More Black Dot StarLight home page Blue Line The StarLight mission scheduled for launch in 2006 is technology pathfinder in NASA s search for new worlds As the first space borne stellar interferometer it will combine the light of two small telescopes to create a 125 meter virtual telescope the largest ever flown in space at optical wavelengths The distance between the separate telescopes making up the interferometer must be very precisely known and controlled StarLight s autonomous formation flying technologies will control the distance between the two spacecraft to within 10 centimeters 4 inches After StarLight future missions in NASA s Origins program will search for Earth like planets around stars other than our own This will require the formation flying of several large telescopes over distances of hundreds of meters StarLight will make these long range goals possible by being the first to demonstrate a space based formation interferometer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/starlight_index_orig.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - StarLight%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%13223%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS STARLIGHT spacer The first formation flying space interferometer M80 Cluster Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand 3D StarLight model Find Out More Black Dot StarLight home page Blue Line Artist s concept of StarLight The Collector left and Combiner right spacecraft are linked by an inter spacecraft communication system and a laser metrology beam The StarLight mission scheduled for launch in 2006 is technology pathfinder in NASA s search for new worlds As the first space borne stellar interferometer it will combine the light of two small telescopes to achieve the resolution 40 times that of the Hubble Space Telescope The distance between the separate telescopes making up the interferometer must be very precisely known and controlled StarLight s autonomous formation flying technologies will control the distance between the two spacecraft to within less than 1 centimeter 0 4 inch After StarLight future missions in NASA s Origins program will search for Earth like planets around stars other than our own This will require the formation flying of several large telescopes over distances of hundreds of meters StarLight will make these long range goals possible by being the first to demonstrate a space based formation interferometer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight index orig html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/starlight_project.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - StarLight%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10447%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS STARLIGHT spacer Under Construction spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Starlight Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight project html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/starlight_science.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - StarLight%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10447%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS STARLIGHT spacer Under Construction spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Starlight Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight science html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/starlight_team.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - StarLight%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10447%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS STARLIGHT spacer Under Construction spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Starlight Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight team html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/starlight_technology.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - StarLight%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; spacer ...%%==%%10442%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS STARLIGHT spacer Under Construction spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Starlight Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight Planet Quest Missions StarLight http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight starlight technology html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/StarLight/D2001_1130_C1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Artist's concept of StarLight. The Collector (left) and Combiner (right) spacecraft are ...%%==%%3064%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Artist s concept of StarLight The Collector left and Combiner right spacecraft are linked by an inter spacecraft communication system and a laser metrology beam Blue Line Artist s concept of StarLight The Collector left and Combiner right spacecraft are linked by an inter spacecraft communication system and a laser metrology beam Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight D2001 1130 C1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight D2001 1130 C1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight D2001 1130 C1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov StarLight D2001 1130 C1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star.html%%==%%StarLight Spacecraft presentation ...%%==%%347%%==%%7 Dec 2001%%==%% StarLight Spacecraft presentation http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/altair.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line Altair Blue Line Close Window &nbsp; Planet Quest ...%%==%%2669%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line Altair Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology altair html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology altair html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology altair html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology altair html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/diffraction.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Technology - A Close Look at Diffraction%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%17727%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY gt FIND OUT MORE gt DIFFRACTION spacer A closer look at diffraction When an electromagnetic wave passes by an obstacle in space the wave is bent around the object This phenomenon is known as diffraction The effects of diffraction are usually very small so we seldom notice it However you can easily see the effect of diffraction for yourself All you need is a source of light such as a fluorescent or incandescent light bulb Hold two fingers about 10 cm in front of one eye and make the space between your fingers very small about 1 mm Now look through the space between your fingers at the light source With a little adjustment of the spacing you will see a series of dark and light lines These are caused by constructive and destructive interference of light diffracting around your fingers The reason diffraction occurs is not exactly obvious Christian Huygens in the mid 1600s offered an explanation that strange though it may seem still nicely explains the observations You may recall the inverse square law of electromagnetic propagation from basic physics As electromagnetic radiation leaves its source it spreads out traveling in straight lines as if it were covering the surface of an ever expanding sphere This area increases proportionally to the square of the distance the radiation has traveled Electromagnetic energy may be considered to propagate from a point source in plane waves The inverse square law applies not only to the source of the energy but also to any point on a plane wave That is from any point on the plane wave the energy is propagated as if the point were the source of the energy Thus waves may be considered to be continuously created from every point on the plane and propagated in every direction Huygens Plane Waves For an infinite plane wave the sideways propagation from each point is balanced by the propagation from its neighbors so the wave continues on as a plane However when a wave encounters an object the effect at the edges of the object is that the path of the radiation is slightly bent Plane Waves Encounter Object Now suppose the radiation for example light is then intercepted by a surface such as a screen a short distance from the object Then compared to the parallel waves that have passed farther from the object s edge for example waves B C and D in the illustration below the waves that have bent around the edges of the object waves A and E for example will have traveled a shorter or longer distance from the object to any given point on the screen Diffraction Pattern The effect is that the light waves are out of phase when they arrive at any given point on the surface If they are 180 out of phase they cancel each other out destructive interference and produce a dark line If they are in phase they add together constructive interference and produce a bright line Diffraction is most noticeable when an electromagnetic wave passing around an obstacle or through an opening in an obstacle such as the slit between your fingers is all of the same frequency or monochromatic The picture below shows a typical diffraction pattern seen when observing a star through a telescope with a lens that focuses the light to a point a converging lens Diffraction Rings All telescopes must take diffraction into account In the case of telescopes intended to resolve objects planets that at best will appear as a single pixel in the image diffraction must be managed to allow that pixel to shine through spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction Planet Quest Technology A Close Look at Diffraction http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology diffraction html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology diffraction html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology diffraction html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology diffraction html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/formation_flying.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Technology - Formation Flying%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%18053%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY gt FORMATION FLYING spacer Choreography in space A hyper telescope consisting of an array of small telescopes flying in formation is among the concepts that have been proposed for the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission A hyper telescope consisting of an array of small telescopes flying in formation is among the concepts that have been proposed for the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand StarLight 3D model Blue Line NASA has identified formation flying as an advanced technology critical to searching for new worlds and life outside our solar system in the 21st century Two or more telescopes can be combined to act as one giant telescope see Technology Interferometry However to achieve the resolution needed to take direct images of Earth sized planets outside our solar system the telescopes need to be thousands of kilometers apart in space Of course it isn t practical to build a rigid structure that large and that s where formation flying comes in The StarLight mission scheduled for launch in 2006 will be a pathfinder for this new technology It will fly two telescopes in space separated by a distance greater than the length of a football field That in itself won t provide a great enough resolution to directly observe extrasolar planets but it will pave the way for future missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF With an array of telescopes in precise formation TPF should be able to study all aspects of extrasolar planets with pictures 100 times more detailed than those from previous space borne observatories A spacecraft formation is two or more spacecraft in a tightly controlled spatial configuration whose operations are closely synchronized with a collective control system distributed among the spacecraft so that the individual spacecraft are not controlled from Earth Flying two or more spacecraft in a precise formation presents a number of complex challenges which will first be addressed by StarLight The spacecraft must have a sensory and control system enabling it to attain and maintain a precise relative position The spacecraft must have a sensory and control system enabling it to attain a specified attitude with all spacecraft targeting the desired object The spacecraft must be able to communicate with each other StarLight and TPF will provide the technological building blocks for more ambitious missions such as Planet Imager and Life Finder which have the potential to to reveal large surface features on Earth like planets and tell us whether they are abodes of life For more on formation flying technology see nbsp nbsp nbsp Origins Technology Formation Flying For details on StarLight s technology see nbsp nbsp nbsp StarLight Formation Flying spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/hyper_telescope.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line A hyper telescope consisting of an array of ...%%==%%2811%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Edwin Hubble Blue Line A hyper telescope consisting of an array of small telescopes flying in formation is among the concepts that have been proposed for the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology hyper telescope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology hyper telescope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology hyper telescope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology hyper telescope html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/michelson.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Technology - Interferometry%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%20870%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY gt INTERFEROMETRY spacer Albert Michelson The pioneer of interferometry Albert Michelson Albert Abraham Michelson was born on December 19 1852 in Strelno Prussia today Strzelno Poland He came to the United States with his parents when he was two years old From New York the family made its way to Virginia City Nevada and San Francisco At 17 Michelson entered the U S Naval Academy at Annapolis Maryland and graduated in 1873 Early on Michelson was fascinated with the sciences and the problem of measuring the speed of light in particular After two years of studies in Europe he resigned from the navy in 1881 and set out to determine the speed of light with an unprecedented accuracy using his interferometer His value remained the best for a generation and when it was improved Michelson was the one who did it In 1883 he accepted a position as professor of physics at the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland and concentrated on improving his interferometer By 1887 with the help of his colleague Edward Williams Morley he conducted what was to be known as the Michelson Morley experiment Their experiment showed that there was no significant motion of the Earth relative to the ether the hypothetical medium in which light waves were supposed to travel This result later became the foundation of Einstein s Theory of Relativity After serving as professor at Clark University at Worcester Massachusetts from 1889 in 1892 Michelson was appointed professor and the first head of the department of physics at the newly organized University of Chicago In 1907 Michelson became the first American to receive a Nobel prize in physics Michelson died on May 9 1931 in Pasadena California Michelson s interferometer and the ether debate The nature of light was a matter of intense study during the second half of last century and until the beginning of this century There was mounting evidence that light is an electromagnetic wave that behaves according to Maxwell s formulas The strongest and long known argument was that white light can be split up into a spectrum of colors through a prism or a diffraction grating The reason that diffraction is not more commonly observed was readily explained by the short wavelength of light However so far every wave had to have a medium in which it traveled Sound waves travel through air ocean waves on water and so forth Light was known to travel through the apparent empty space of evacuated laboratory vessels and through the vast distances of interstellar space This puzzle left physicists to wonder what the medium was that light was traveling in Schematic of Michelson s interferometer and a picture of the original set up At this point scientists had postulated a hypothetical medium that they called the ether also spelled aether that was thought to be all pervading or penetrating any enclosure with ease However if that were true the motion of the Earth around the Sun would result in a noticeable motion of the Earth relative to the ether Much like a boat cruising over the ocean this motion should be measurable Earth s velocity in its orbit is substantial at about 30 kilometers per second 18 6 miles per second but it is still only 1 ten thousanth of the speed of light Therefore any measurements of this effect had to be extremely accurate The situation is much like having two swimmers go the same distance but in different directions or paths The first swimmer swims the width of a river that is 50 meters wide The second swimmer swims up stream 50 meters along the bank of the river If both swim at the same speed relative to the water the swimmer who has to swim up stream will take longer to return than the swimmer who has to swim the width of the river Michelson used the same principle of the swimmers in his first interferometer He split up one ray of light into two beams and sent them on two equally long separate paths that are at a right angle to each other Then he reunited the two light beams into one He expected any change in the time the two beams would take along their paths to change the relative position of the crests and troughs of the two light waves This would result in a changing interference pattern that he would be able to observe The surprising result of this experiment and it has since been repeated over and over again with very high accuracy is that there is no measurable motion of the Earth relative to the ether This result left physicists stunned for many years and some of them postulated that the ether while real was in principle unobservable Albert Einstein finally took a brave step forward with the publication of his theory of special relativity in 1906 His apparently innocent and reasonable argument was that if the ether was unobservable or in other words that there was no experimental proof of it whatsoever the simplest explanation was that it did not exist The surprising consequence of this innocent statement was however that time itself did pass at different rates along the two paths of Michelson s interferometer It was this stunning consequence that took scientists years to accept and only in light of the overwhelming experimental proof did they accept as fact what seemingly runs against all intuition The first measurement of a star s diameter The 20 foot beam on top of the 100 inch Hooker Telescope on Mount Wilson in Southern California The stars on the night sky appear point like because the distance to them is so large that our eyes do not resolve their disks The only star on the sky that we can see as an extended disk is our own star the Sun Remember that light from the Sun travels only eight minutes to reach Earth whereas the light travelling time even from the closest star Proxima Centauri is more than 4 years This large distance is the reason why we need extremely high resolving telescopes to see and measure the disks of even the closest stars Here the resolving power of a telescope is determined by the diameter or the largest distance between two mirror elements of a telescope Hooker Graphic In 1919 Albert Michelson enhanced the resolution of the then largest telescope in the world the 100 inch Hooker telescope on Mt Wilson to measure for the first time the diameter of a star Together with his colleague Pease Michelson mounted a 20 foot long beam that carried small mirrors on top of the 100 inch telescope By adding these mirrors they had increased the effective diameter of the telescope and therefore the resolution of the telescope The increase in resolution was sufficent to measure for the first time the diameter of the bright red giant star Betelgeuse It was also the debut of interferometry in astronomy when it was applied to overcome the limitations of existing instruments spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology michelson html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology michelson html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology michelson html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology michelson html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/planet_imaging.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Technology - Planet Imaging%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%20710%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY gt PLANET IMAGING spacer How to take snapshots of distant worlds Roll your mouse over this infrared image of Neptune to see the improvement in resolution attained by using an adaptive optics system These images were obtained by Palomar Observatory s Hale Telescope Roll your mouse over this infrared image of Neptune to see the improvement in resolution attained by using an adaptive optics system These images were obtained by Palomar Observatory s Hale Telescope Blue Line Find Out More Black Dot A closer look at diffraction Black Dot Keck Observatory Adaptive spacer Optics Home Page Blue Line One of the grand challenges of NASA s search for new worlds is to develop technologies that will allow us to obtain the first images of planets circling distant stars While the parent star is the source of light that will make any planet visible its glare is between a million and 10 billion times brighter than the faint little speck we are looking for Therefore any detailed study of extrasolar planets will require methods to cover up or otherwise control the glare of the parent star so that we can study its immediate surroundings Another challenge stems from the fact that compared to the separation between most things in the universe planets are located extremely close to their parent stars For this reason we need very high resolution to separate the planet from its nearby host The following is an overview of several techniques in development that could overcome these obstacles and make extrasolar planet imaging a reality Coronagraphs Originally invented to study the Sun a coronagraph is a telescope designed to block light coming from the solar disk in order to see the extremely faint emission from the region around the Sun called the corona It was invented in 1930 by B Lyot to study the Sun s corona at times other than during a solar eclipse The coronagraph at its simplest is an occulting disk in the focal plane of a telescope or out in front of the entrance aperture that blocks out the image of the solar disk and various other features to reduce stray light so that the corona surrounding the occulting disk can be studied However this technology is now being refined and adapted for the purpose of studying the region around distant stars in search of planets themselves or spectral evidence of planets One challenge with this approach lies in the diffraction of light around the edges of the occulting shape which detracts greatly from the potential angular resolution of the image The diffraction pattern of a simple round telescope for example is a series of concentric rings with a bright central spot Blocking the light from a star in order to see an orbiting planet requires suppressing the first several bright rings without blocking out the planet By using a different shape the diffraction pattern can be controlled so that the starlight is much dimmer closer to the center in some areas and brighter in others The telescope can be rotated about its line of sight so that the planet image passes in an out of the regions where the starlight is dim Managing this diffraction pattern isn t too difficult there are a number of options available to accomplish this So the technologies under study include various tricks to block out as much of the starlight as possible while managing the diffraction pattern such that the planet can be seen peeping out from beyond the diffraction bands One idea is to make the aperture square instead of round and use a cross for the occulting shape The diffraction bands are thus perpendicular to the aperture edges and a planet could be visible in the diagonal areas of the field where the diffraction pattern is somewhat suppressed Other proposed solutions for dealing with scattered light within the telescope include novel shaped apertures odd shaped pupils pupil masks to suppress some of the diffraction and deformable mirrors A more critical issue for TPF is wavefront control which must be mastered in order for a visible light TPF to work This includes correcting for imperfections in the optics which scatter light and degrade image contrast To appreciate the difficulty the phenomenon of diffraction presents to the development of a coronagraph technology for studying other solar systems see Find out More A closer look at diffraction Another possibility is to combine techniques of coronagraphy with interferometry A coronagraph could also incorporate a spectrometer so that chemical signs of life could be sought within the light reflected from a planet Interferometers and nulling An alternative way to get a picture of a distant planet is to replace one large mirror with a number of smaller mirrors and combining their light in a process called interferometry Using optical interferometers to study distant planets would allow for smaller mirrors which can obtain a resolution equal to a single telescope as big as the largest separation between the individual telescopes To get enough of this information to build up a good picture the interferometer must rotate around to different relative positions and repeat the exposures As well as taking a picture an interferometer can obtain spectra of the targets it is looking at Interferometers provide extremely good angular resolution That means they are very good at sorting out which light waves come from which part of the star system Additionally an interferometer can be tuned so that the light coming from the exact center in the field of view where the star is will be blanked out or nulled while the light from any other area will be viewed normally The Keck Interferometer for example will use nulling techniques to search for planets around other stars spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging Planet Quest Technology Planet Imaging http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology planet imaging html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology planet imaging html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology planet imaging html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology planet imaging html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/spectrum.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line The Electromagnetic Spectrum Blue Line The Electromagnetic Spectrum Blue Line Close Window ...%%==%%2826%%==%%17 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line The Electromagnetic Spectrum Blue Line The Electromagnetic Spectrum Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology spectrum html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology spectrum html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology spectrum html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology spectrum html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/technology_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Technology - Interferometry%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%21345%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY gt INTERFEROMETRY spacer A new window on the universe Altair Altair Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand Virtual Interferometer Find Out More Black Dot Albert Michelson The pioneer of interferometry Blue Line To observe a planet the size of Earth using a single telescope would require a mirror as wide as a football field and it would have to be deployed in space While that approach is obviously impractical technologists are rapidly developing more feasible methods of studying such extremely faint objects One of these methods called optical interferometry has been identified as a key technology in NASA s search for new worlds Essentially optical interferometry combines the light of multiple telescopes to perform the work of a single much larger telescope This is possible due to the interaction of light waves also called interference Their interaction can be used to cancel out the blinding glare of bright stars or to measure distances and angles precisely The word interferometry itself illustrates this idea interfere measure interfer o metry Interferometry at radio wavelengths has been employed to observe the structure of distant galaxies by their radio emissions for almost half a century But techniques to perform interferometry at optical wavelengths using computers and state of the art light sensors have only matured within the past 15 years The sections below go into more detail about the principles of optical interferometry For an interactive tutorial click on the link at right And if you want to see how these principles are applied in the lab try out the virtual interferometer Waves are everywhere Waves can be observed almost everywhere whether it is in a cup of coffee or at the beach Scientists and engineers use a few simple terms to describe a wave The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two crests hills or two troughs valleys of a wave Imagine you are a surfer on the top of a crest and a friend of yours is right behind you on the next crest then the wavelength of the wave you are riding on is the distance between you and your friend The period of a wave is the time it takes two crests or two troughs to travel to the same point in space When you are on a pier you can try this Start your watch when the first crest passes you and take the time until the next crest goes by The time between the two crests is the period of the wave Scientists and engineers often talk about the frequency of a wave instead of the period The frequency of a wave is simply one over the period of the wave If the period of a wave is three seconds then the frequency of the wave is one third per second From these two numbers we can calculate the velocity at which a wave travels through space or toward the beach as it might be You get the velocity by dividing the distance the wave travels by the time it takes to do this just as we say a car goes at 30 miles per hour Or as a formula Formula There is the also the strength or amplitude of a wave The amplitude is half the difference in height between a crest and the trough of a wave Big waves have large amplitudes and small waves have small amplitudes Amplitude We see the world surrounding us in color because the objects in it reflect or transmit light of different wavelength or frequency Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light and green light is somewhere between the two At the same time blue light has a higher frequency than red light Visible light and all other electromagnetic radiation for that matter travels at the velocity of almost 300 000 kilometers per second 186 000 miles per second The wavelength of visible light ranges from 400 nanometers blue light to 700 nanometers red light A nanometer is one billionth of a meter Whether a light is bright or dim does not change its wavelength A dim and a bright light of the same color still send out light of the same wavelength or frequency The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Electromagnetic Spectrum If two rays of light match each other perfectly in color have the same wavelength they can interact in a surprising way When they overlap with each other so that each wave crest of one ray coincides with the crest of the other ray the two amplitudes of the waves add up to twice the amplitude and we get a much brighter light This is called constructive interference Probably the only time when it is considered constructive to interfere Construc However if we shift one light ray by just half a wavelength the result will be very different Now all the crests of one wave coincide with the troughs of the other wave and the two rays cancel each other out Here we make two incoming light rays disappear Destruct This subtle shift between the two rays that changes the result from constructive interference to destructive interference is called the phase shift or phase difference of the two beams of light The fact that this subtle difference yields a dramatically different result is the key to the high accuracy of interferometry To find out more about how optical interferometry can be used to cancel out starlight so that nearby planets or other features can be observed see Technology Planet Imaging spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/technology_test.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Technology - Interferometry%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%20987%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY gt INTERFEROMETRY spacer A new window on the universe Altair Blue Line Interferometry Interactivity Graphic Find Out More Black Dot Albert Michelson The pioneer of interferometry Blue Line Interferometry Tutorial Virtual Interferometer To observe a planet the size of Earth using a single telescope would require a mirror as wide as a football field and it would have to be deployed in space While that approach is obviously impractical technologists are rapidly developing more feasible methods of studying such extremely faint objects One of these methods called optical interferometry has been identified as a key technology in NASA s search for new worlds Essentially optical interferometry combines the light of multiple telescopes to perform the work of a single much larger telescope This is possible due to the interaction of light waves also called interference Their interaction can be used to cancel out the blinding glare of bright stars or to measure distances and angles precisely The word interferometry itself illustrates this idea interfere measure interfer o metry Interferometry at radio wavelengths has been employed to observe the structure of distant galaxies by their radio emissions for almost half a century But techniques to perform interferometry at optical wavelengths using computers and state of the art light sensors have only matured within the past 15 years The sections below go into more detail about the principles of optical interferometry For an interactive tutorial click on the link at right And if you want to see how these principles are applied in the lab try out the virtual interferometer Waves are everywhere Waves can be observed almost everywhere whether it is in a cup of coffee or at the beach Scientists and engineers use a few simple terms to describe a wave The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two crests hills or two troughs valleys of a wave Imagine you are a surfer on the top of a crest and a friend of yours is right behind you on the next crest then the wavelength of the wave you are riding on is the distance between you and your friend The period of a wave is the time it takes two crests or two troughs to travel to the same point in space When you are on a pier you can try this Start your watch when the first crest passes you and take the time until the next crest goes by The time between the two crests is the period of the wave Scientists and engineers often talk about the frequency of a wave instead of the period The frequency of a wave is simply one over the period of the wave If the period of a wave is three seconds then the frequency of the wave is one third per second From these two numbers we can calculate the velocity at which a wave travels through space or toward the beach as it might be You get the velocity by dividing the distance the wave travels by the time it takes to do this just as we say a car goes at 30 miles per hour Or as a formula Formula There is the also the strength or amplitude of a wave The amplitude is half the difference in height between a crest and the trough of a wave Big waves have large amplitudes and small waves have small amplitudes Amplitude We see the world surrounding us in color because the objects in it reflect or transmit light of different wavelength or frequency Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light and green light is somewhere between the two At the same time blue light has a higher frequency than red light Visible light and all other electromagnetic radiation for that matter travels at the velocity of almost 300 000 kilometers per second 186 000 miles per second The wavelength of visible light ranges from 400 nanometers blue light to 700 nanometers red light A nanometer is one billionth of a meter Whether a light is bright or dim does not change its wavelength A dim and a bright light of the same color still send out light of the same wavelength or frequency The Electromagnetic Spectrum The Electromagnetic Spectrum If two rays of light match each other perfectly in color have the same wavelength they can interact in a surprising way When they overlap with each other so that each wave crest of one ray coincides with the crest of the other ray the two amplitudes of the waves add up to twice the amplitude and we get a much brighter light This is called constructive interference Probably the only time when it is considered constructive to interfere Construc However if we shift one light ray by just half a wavelength the result will be very different Now all the crests of one wave coincide with the troughs of the other wave and the two rays cancel each other out Here we make two incoming light rays disappear Destruct This subtle shift between the two rays that changes the result from constructive interference to destructive interference is called the phase shift or phase difference of the two beams of light The fact that this subtle difference yields a dramatically different result is the key to the high accuracy of interferometry To find out more about how optical interferometry can be used to cancel out starlight so that nearby planets or other features can be observed see Technology Planet Imaging spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry Planet Quest Technology Interferometry http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology test html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology test html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology test html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology technology test html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/technology/formation_flying-search.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Technology - Formation Flying%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%18053%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY gt FORMATION FLYING spacer Choreography in space A hyper telescope consisting of an array of small telescopes flying in formation is among the concepts that have been proposed for the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission A hyper telescope consisting of an array of small telescopes flying in formation is among the concepts that have been proposed for the Terrestrial Planet Finder mission Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand StarLight 3D model Blue Line NASA has identified formation flying as an advanced technology critical to searching for new worlds and life outside our solar system in the 21st century Two or more telescopes can be combined to act as one giant telescope see Technology Interferometry However to achieve the resolution needed to take direct images of Earth sized planets outside our solar system the telescopes need to be thousands of kilometers apart in space Of course it isn t practical to build a rigid structure that large and that s where formation flying comes in The StarLight mission scheduled for launch in 2006 will be a pathfinder for this new technology It will fly two telescopes in space separated by a distance greater than the length of a football field That in itself won t provide a great enough resolution to directly observe extrasolar planets but it will pave the way for future missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF With an array of telescopes in precise formation TPF should be able to study all aspects of extrasolar planets with pictures 100 times more detailed than those from previous space borne observatories A spacecraft formation is two or more spacecraft in a tightly controlled spatial configuration whose operations are closely synchronized with a collective control system distributed among the spacecraft so that the individual spacecraft are not controlled from Earth Flying two or more spacecraft in a precise formation presents a number of complex challenges which will first be addressed by StarLight The spacecraft must have a sensory and control system enabling it to attain and maintain a precise relative position The spacecraft must have a sensory and control system enabling it to attain a specified attitude with all spacecraft targeting the desired object The spacecraft must be able to communicate with each other StarLight and TPF will provide the technological building blocks for more ambitious missions such as Planet Imager and Life Finder which have the potential to to reveal large surface features on Earth like planets and tell us whether they are abodes of life For more on formation flying technology see nbsp nbsp nbsp Origins Technology Formation Flying For details on StarLight s technology see nbsp nbsp nbsp StarLight Formation Flying spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying Planet Quest Technology Formation Flying http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov technology formation flying search html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/lab_null.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Dramatic progress on infrared nulling was achieved in 2000 with the University ...%%==%%3000%%==%%19 Dec 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Image spacer Bottom Graphic Line Dramatic progress on infrared nulling was achieved in 2000 with the University of Arizona nulling camera left and in 2001 with the JPL mid IR nulling testbed upper right Blue Line Dramatic progress on infrared nulling was achieved in 2000 with the University of Arizona nulling camera left and in 2001 with the JPL mid IR nulling testbed upper right Blue Line Close Window nbsp Planet Quest Home Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF lab null html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF lab null html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF lab null html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF lab null html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_facts.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%15708%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer TPF gt QUICK FACTS spacer Overview The Terrestrial Planet Finder will be capable of detecting and characterizing Earth like planets around as many as 200 stars up to 45 light years away The project will look for the atmospheric signatures of habitable or even inhabited planets spacer Science Goals Survey nearby stars looking for terrestrial size planets in the habitable zone Follow up brightest candidates with spectroscopy looking for atmospheric signatures habitability or life itself Carry out a program of high spatial resolution astrophysics spacer Candidate Technologies Large passively cooled optics Formation flying Interferometry and nulling Infrared detectors and cryocoolers spacer Launch Vehicle Ariane 5 EELV VentureStar or Delta IV Heavy spacer Schedule Final Architecture Review for TPF Architecture Studies held December 2001 Launch anticipated between 2012 2015 Five year mission duration spacer Funding Source NASA mission part of Origins program spacer Management Jet Propulsion Laboratory of the California Institute of Technology spacer Simulated spectrum as would be observed by TPF spacer Simulated spectrum as would be observed by TPF spacer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf facts html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf facts html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_index.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%19309%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS TPF spacer Origins of stars planets and life A protostar observed nearly edge on through its disk as it would be seen by TPF in the mid infrared Blue Line A protostar observed nearly edge on through its disk as it would be seen by TPF in the mid infrared Blue Line Interactivity Hand Interactivity Hand TPF Free Flyer Animation blue dot QuickTime 13 5 MB blue dot RealPlayer 706 KB Blue Line The Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF will study all aspects of planets outside our solar system from their formation and development in disks of dust and gas around newly forming stars to the presence and features of those planets orbiting the nearest stars from the numbers at various sizes and places to their suitability as an abode for life By combining the high sensitivity of space telescopes with revolutionary imaging technologies TPF will measure the size temperature and placement of planets as small as the Earth in the habitable zones of distant solar systems In addition TPF s spectroscopy will allow atmospheric chemists and biologists to use the relative amounts of gases like carbon dioxide water vapor ozone and methane to find whether a planet someday could or even now does support life Our understanding of the properties of terrestrial planets will be scientifically most valuable within a broader framework that includes the properties of all planetary system constituents including both gas giant and terrestrial planets and debris disks Some of this information such as the properties of debris disks and the masses and orbital properties of gas giant planets will become available with currently planned space or ground based facilities However the spectral characterization of most giant planets will require observations with TPF TPF s ability to carry out a program of comparative planet studies across a range of planetary masses and orbital locations in a large number of new solar systems is by itself an important scientific motivation for the mission However TPF s mission will not be limited to the detection and study of distant planets An observatory with the power to detect an Earth orbiting a nearby star will also be able to collect important new data on many targets of general astrophysical interest The Terrestrial Planet Finder book published by JPL in 1999 presented the scientific case for the mission Blue Line The Terrestrial Planet Finder book published by JPL in 1999 presented the scientific case for the mission Blue Line An accepted scientific priority The search for habitable planets and life has received strong support within the scientific community The 2001 decadal review of astronomy and astrophysics Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium prepared by the National Research Council stated that The discovery of life on another planet is potentially one of the most important scientific advances of this century let alone this decade and it would have enormous philosophical implications The decadal committee recommended that NASA go ahead with TPF but with the caveat that precursor missions should confirm the expectation that terrestrial planets are common around solar type stars The committee also recommended that in the mission should give comparable weight to the broader science goals of studying planetary systems and the structure of astronomical sources at infrared wavelengths The survey also noted the importance and challenges of building a Terrestrial Planet Finder and noted that the success of precursor missions and technology must first be demonstrated What will TPF look like TPF will take the form of either a coronagraph a large baseline interferometer operating in the infrared or perhaps a combination of the two architectures Although initial designs concentrated on the concept of interferometer arrays in recent years alternative architectures have emerged with the potential to achieve similar science goals These opened up the possibility of new mission concepts and additional precursor missions In December of 2000 JPL and four study teams led by aerospace industry companies with advice from the Science Working Group selected the most promising architectures for more detailed definition and analysis These architectures were studied in detail and the results were presented during a Final Technical Review a year later Final selection of a TPF architecture will occur in 2006 based on the science and technology progress of the next four years spacer More information Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium TPF Book PDF files spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_precursor.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%18115%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY GOALS gt PRECURSOR MISSIONS spacer Terrestrial Planet Finder would inherit much of its technology from Origins projects that are under way or from additional precursor missions that are under study The following is a partial list of space based missions proposed or in development that will establish the scientific and technological stepping stones leading up to TPF spacer StarLight The StarLight mission scheduled to launch in 2006 will deploy two spacecraft carrying optical instruments They will operate in tandem as a virtual telescope demonstrating both autonomous formation flying and interferometric observations in space Black Dot StarLight Mission Area StarLight spacer The Space Interferometry Mission The Space Interferometry Mission scheduled for launch in 2009 will determine the positions and distances of stars several hundred times more accurately than any previous observations This accuracy will allow SIM to determine the distances to stars throughout the galaxy and to probe nearby stars for Earth sized planets Data from SIM will help establish a catalog of likely targets for TPF Black Dot SIM Mission Area The Space Interferometry Mission spacer Space InfraRed Telescope Facility The Space InfraRed Telescope Facility SIRTF launch date 2002 is a space borne cryogenically cooled infrared observatory capable of studying objects ranging from our solar system to the distant reaches of the universe SIRTF is an important scientific and technical cornerstone of the new Astronomical Search for Origins Program The Observatory will also devote considerable time to studies of the circumstellar surrounding a star disks of dust and gas found around nearby stars which are thought to eventually form extrasolar planetary systems Black Dot Space InfraRed Telescope Facility Mission Area Space InfraRed Telescope Facility spacer Next Generation Space Telescope The Next Generation Space Telescope is a powerful observatory designed to replace the Hubble Space Telescope when it retires near the end of this decade Scheduled to launch in 2009 it will carry cameras and spectrographs senstitive to infrared radiation Many of its proposed technologies are precursors of systems that will be used for TPF Black Dot Next Generation Space Telescope Mission Area Next Generation Space Telescope spacer Eclipse Eclipse is a proposed Discovery mission to perform the first sensitive imaging study of nearby planetary systems and their evolutionary stages from formation as young stellar objects to their demise as planetary nebulae During a three year science mission Eclipse would directly detect and characterize Jupiter class planets zodiacal dust structures and brown dwarf companions associated with stars in the solar neighborhood survey the protoplanetary disks of nearby molecular clouds and study the dissolution of planetary systems in the winds of dying stars Eclipse would bring together a 1 8 meter space telescope configured for low optical scattering a coronagraphic camera for control of diffracted light and precision active optics for control of scattered light Black Dot Eclipse Mission Area Eclipse spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf precursor html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf precursor html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf precursor html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf precursor html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_project-old.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%11617%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer MISSIONS gt WHAT IS TPF spacer Under Construction spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project old html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_project.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%14828%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer TPF gt PROJECT STATUS spacer Dramatic progress on infrared nulling was achieved in 2000 with the University of Arizona nulling camera left and in 2001 with the JPL mid IR nulling testbed upper right Click here for a larger image Blue Line Dramatic progress on infrared nulling was achieved in 2000 with the University of Arizona nulling camera left and in 2001 with the JPL mid IR nulling testbed upper right Blue Line In May 2000 JPL awarded four 18 month contracts to TRW Boeing Lockheed Martin and Ball Aerospace to study possible architectures for the Terrestrial Planet Finder The studies were undertaken with university or academic partners to look at all possible designs for TPF during the first 6 months and then to study a small number of designs in greater detail for the remainder of the contract A Preliminary Architecture Review was held in December 2000 where three out of four contractors favored optical or infrared coronagraph designs for TPF JPL then requested that two coronagraph designs and two interferometer designs be studied in greater detail TRW and Ball were to study coronagraph designs and Boeing and Lockheed Martin were to study interferometer designs Boeing also independently studied a coronagraph design The Final Architecture Review was held 11 13 December 2001 in San Diego at the end of the contract The results of this work will provide recommendations for technology that should be developed to support the TPF program Other highlights from the review An agreement principle between NASA and ESA is expected to link the TPF and Darwin missions possibly with Japanese participation over the next few years From 2002 to 2006 work on TPF will most likely focus on technology development for coronagraphs and interferometers with a final architecture choice taking place in 2006 spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf project html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_sample.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%15198%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer TECHNOLOGY GOALS gt SAMPLE MISSION CONCEPTS spacer Large Infrared Coronagraph TRW A right is a simulated view of Earth and Jupiter as observed by a proposed large infrared coronograph This mirror would be 28 meters wide and composed of 36 segments adequate for studying the dimmest stars on the TPF target list Large Infrared Coronagraph spacer Non Redundant Linear Array Boeing SVS This concept proposes a hybrid interferometer coronagraph with image plane beam combination The interferometer is used to obtain high angular resolution and the coronagraph stop mask is used to reject the starlight Pupil densification is required for the coronagraph to be efficient A simulated image of a planetary system constructed with this system is shown at right Non Redundant Linear Array Non Redundant Linear Array spacer Interferometer Concepts Lockheed Martin Light from four or more telescopes on a common structure right or separate free flying spacecraft will be combined to suppress or null starlight in Lockheed Martin s interferometric mission concept Interferometer Concepts spacer Spergel Pupil Optical Coronagraph Ball Aerospace This visible light concept uses a thermally shielded large coronagraph with a primarily mirror 4 X 10 meters It uses a specially shaped pupil to provide a wide region in which the starlight is suppressed enough to detect planets Spergel Pupil Optical Coronagraph spacer spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf sample html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf sample html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf sample html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf sample html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_science.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%16398%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer TPF gt SCIENCE GOALS spacer Searching for new Earths Artist s concept of an Earth like planet Blue Line Artist s concept of an Earth like planet Blue Line The primary scientific goal of TPF is the direct detection and characterization of Earth like planets that orbit nearby stars Specifically TPF will seek answers to these questions Are there Earth like planets in the habitable zones around their parent stars where the surface temperature is capable of supporting liquid water over a range of surface pressures What are the compositions of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets orbiting nearby stars Is water or carbon dioxide present Are there atmospheric components or conditions attributable to primitive life such as ozone seen in the Earth s atmosphere How do planets form out of disks of solid and gaseous material around young stars Comparative planet studies In a broader scientific context the goal of TPF is to also understand the properties of all planetary constituents In addition to Earth like planets it will study the orbital and physical properties of gas giants and debris disks where new planets may be forming Such data will be crucial to the refinement and validation of planetary systems models The standard model of solar system formation holds that planets originate in a flattened disk of material formed in the collapse of a rotating cloud of dust and gas While this theory has been strengthened by observations of protostellar disks that span tens to hundred of astronomical units AU across the recent discoveries of extrasolar planets with diverse orbital properties suggest that planetary systems are dynamic and that plants may migrate from the site of their birth TPF will provide essential information on the mass and temperature distribution within these cradles of planet birth This in turn will yield important clues on physical processes that determine how rocky and gaseous planets form The comparison of planetary systems around stars with different masses and ages will provide additional clues to the frequency with which habitable planets occur allowing an estimate of the frequency of Earth like planets through the cosmos as a whole Hubble Space Telescope image of a debris disk surrounding a very young star Blue Line Hubble Space Telescope image of a debris disk surrounding a very young star Blue Line Astrophysics An observatory with the power to detect an Earth orbiting a nearby star will be able to collect important data on many targets of general astrophysical interest TPF will be capable of revealing individual star formation regions in distant galaxies and in the central regions of galaxies where enormous bursts of star formation occur The mission will explore a wide range of physical processes in the universe with unprecedented detail including the icy cores of comets protostars condensing out of interstellar matter the winds of dying stars and the cores of distant ultra luminous galaxies spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf science html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf science html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_team.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%16241%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer TEAM spacer TPF PRE PROJECT Pre Project Manager Dan Coulter Technologist Richard Key Pre Project Scientist Charles Beichman System Engineer Chris Lindensmith Navigator Program Manager Mike Devirian SCIENCE WORKING GROUP MEMBERS Roger Angel Univertity of Arizona Steward Observatory Dana Backman Franklin Marshall College Charles Beichman IPAC Jet Propulsion Laboratory Robert Brown Space Telescope Science Institiute Alan Dressler Carnegie Institution of Washington Suzan Edwards Smith College Malcolm Fridlund European Space Agency ESTEC Dan Gezari NASA Goddard Space Flight Center James Kasting Pennsylvania State University Doug Lin University of Calfornia Santa Cruz Jonathan Lunine Lunar Planetary Observatory Geoffrey Marcy University of California Berkeley and San Francisco State University Kenneth Nealson Jet Propulsion Laboratory Tobias Owen University of Hawaii Inst of Astronomy Annelia Sargent California Institute of Technology Cornelius Schalinski Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt DLR Michael Shao Jet Propulsion Laboratory Frank Shu University of California Berkeley T Velusamy Jet Propulsion Laboratory Diane Wooden NASA Ames Research Center Neville Woolf University of Arizona spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf team html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf team html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_technology.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Missions - Terrestrial Planet Finder%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%19332%%==%%5 Feb 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Evaluating Multiple Paths spacer White Dot Sample Mission Concepts spacer White Dot Precursor Missions spacer spacer spacer TPF gt TECHNOLOGY GOALS spacer Evaluating multiple paths to TPF Simulated image of a star planet system observed with the Boeing SVS apodized square aperture eliminating the glare of the parent star Blue Line Simulated image of a star planet system observed with the Boeing SVS apodized square aperture eliminating the glare of the parent star Blue Line The execution of a mission as ambitious and challenging as TPF requires careful evaluation of potential technological approaches often referred to by mission planners as mission architectures In May 2000 JPL chose four teams composed of aerospace industry companies and academic scientists to study design concepts that could detect and characterize extrasolar planets The teams are led by Ball Aerospace Boeing SVS TRW and Lockheed Martin In the first phase of the study each of the teams explored the broadest possible range of concepts for performing the TPF mission In December 2000 JPL and the study teams with advice from the Science Working Group selected the four architectures as the most promising for detailed definition and analysis These architectures fall into two broad categories coronagraphs operating at visible wavelengths and interferometers operating at mid infrared wavelengths The visible light concepts would use a single telescope with an effective diameter of 6 5 meters operating at room temperature but must achieve a billion to one image contast So very precise control of the telescope optical quality is required Infrared TPF concepts would use multiple telescopes configured into an interferometer and spread out over a large 30 meter boom The telescopes must operate at extremely low temperatures and the spacecraft would necessarily be much larger However the image contrast requirement is much easier at infrared wavelengths only a million to one and thus the system optical quality is easier to achieve TPF s reach into distant solar systems and suppression or masking of the glare of parent stars will likely be achieved through one of these two architecture families or perhaps a combination of both Visible light coronographs In its simplest form a coronagraph blocks the direct and diffracted light of a bright object so that faint nearby objects and structures can be seen Coronagraphs have been used this way to study the corona surrounding our Sun Using this technique to study the area around a nearby star requires dealing with the diffraction of light around the edges of the occulting shape which detracts from the potential angular resolution of the image The diffraction pattern of a simple round telescope for example is a series of concentric rings with a bright central spot Blocking the light from a star in order to see an orbiting planet requires suppressing the first several bright rings without blocking out the planet By using a different shape the diffraction pattern can be controlled so that the starlight is much dimmer closer to the center in some areas and brighter in others The telescope can be rotated about its line of sight so that the planet image passes in an out of the regions where the starlight is dim Managing this diffraction pattern isn t too difficult there are a number of options available to accomplish this A more critical issue for TPF is wavefront control which must be mastered in order for a visible light TPF to work This includes correcting for imperfections in the optics which scatter light and degrade image contrast To correct for its own internal imperfections TPF would use adaptive optics the same technology that the Keck Observatory and other ground based telescopes use to correct for wavefront distortion in the Earth s atmosphere TPF designs operating at visible wavelengths offer several advantages At shorter wavelengths a smaller telescope can obtain the required resolution Optical detectors require less thermal control reducing the need for onboard cooling A visible light telescope can operate at room temperature while a telescope operating in the thermal infrared must be cooled to about 40 degrees Kelvin A proposed Discovery mission called Eclipse would demonstrate these technologies for extrasolar planet detection by bringing together 1 8 meter space telescope a coronagraphic camera and precision active optics for control of scattered light Infrared interferometers Reconstruction of a TPF interferometric observation of a terrestrial planet 33 light years away Blue Line Reconstruction of a TPF interferometric observation of a terrestrial planet 33 light years away Blue Line Using optical interferometers to study distant planets would allow for smaller mirrors which can combine light and work together as a giant virtual telescope The resolution obtained would be the same as one would get from a telescope as big as the separation between the individual telescopes To get enough of this information to build up a good picture the interferometer must rotate around to different relative positions and repeat the exposures As well as taking a picture an interferometer can obtain spectra of the targets it is looking at Prototype TPF interferometer concepts involve placing the telescope array on a physical structure or flying multiple telescopes in formation along with a central spacecraft that houses the beam combining apparatus As precursors the Space Inteferometry Mission will demonstrate spaceborne interferometry and the pathlength control needed for TPF interferometry while the StarLight mission will demonstrate precision formation flight and nanometer pathlength control over 1 km of separation For a detailed introduction to the technology of combining and canceling light through interferometery see Technology Interferometry spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page document write lastMod National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terrestrial Planet Finder Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder Planet Quest Missions Terrestrial Planet Finder http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf technology html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf technology html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/search/search.html%%==%%Planet Quest: Search%%==%%JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers &amp; Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site &nbsp; White ...%%==%%13755%%==%%8 Jan 2002%%==%% JPL Navigation Bar Image Map Planet Quest Level 2 Banner Image Map News Section Engineers amp Scientists Origins Section topnav Search Site nbsp White Dot Interferometry spacer spacer White Dot Planet Imaging spacer White Dot Formation Flying spacer spacer TPF spacer SIM Keck StarLight spacer Planet Finder Club News Alerts Missions Patches and More spacer Search Match All terms Any terms and show results in Standard Form in Compact Form Search Help To find information about a topic type in a few keywords The more detailed you query the more relevant your results A search on quot usa quot will match quot Usa quot quot USA quot and quot usA quot while the term quot USA quot matches only its uppercase version The asterisk is a powerful search tool but has some limitations It cannot span words that is the query quot powerfu earch quot would not match the first sentence of this paragraph and it can represent at most four letters or numbers To avoid overly broad searches the asterisk can only be used in words or phrases which have at least three alpha numeric characters A search for quot th quot would be ignored The Xavatoria Search Engine is Copyright 1997 by Fluid Dynamics spacer Copyright Glossary Feedback Site Map JPL Home Page National Aeronautics and Space Administration JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars and Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planet Quest Home Jet Propulsion Laboratory Website California Institute of Technology Website Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search Planet Quest Search http planetquest jpl nasa gov search search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov search search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov search search html http planetquest jpl nasa gov search search html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Planet_Quest-movies/starlight_realPlayer.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo StarLight spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the &quot;Play&quot; button to view ...%%==%%3310%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo StarLight spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free RealPlayer 8 Basic Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation StarLight Animation Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight realPlayer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight realPlayer html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/Planet_Quest-movies/starlight_quickTime.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo StarLight spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the &quot;Play&quot; button to view presentation. ...%%==%%2983%%==%%7 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo StarLight spacer Bottom Graphic Line Download the free QuickTime Player Press the quot Play quot button to view presentation StarLight Animation Blue Line Close Window Blue Line nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight quickTime html http planetquest jpl nasa gov Planet Quest movies starlight quickTime html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/module/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%229%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottom html 
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%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame. ...%%==%%259%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/planet_quest_module.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area. Total weight for this page without ...%%==%%2014%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area Total weight for this page without the module is 13 09 Kb nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest module html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1571%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/pq_frames.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/module/pq_frames.html%%==%%...%%==%%997%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% http planetquest jpl nasa gov module pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module pq frames html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%...%%==%%412%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/qtvr_orig.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the ORIGINAL right frame This is the right frame #1 This is the right frame #2 This is the ORIGINAL bottom frame ...%%==%%1114%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% This is the ORIGINAL right frame This is the right frame 1 This is the right frame 2 This is the ORIGINAL bottom frame This is the bottom frame 1 This is the bottom frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr orig html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module qtvr orig html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/right.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main right frame. ...%%==%%250%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% This is the main right frame Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/right1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #1. ...%%==%%248%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% This is the right frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/module/right2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #2. ...%%==%%248%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% This is the right frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov module right2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/controlroom/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Control Room This room houses the computers and electronic equipment used to control the Keck Interferometer. ...%%==%%527%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Control Room This room houses the computers and electronic equipment used to control the Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/controlroom.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1087%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/controlroom_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%1006%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom controlroom qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Astronomers Astronomers at work using the Keck Interferometer. ...%%==%%471%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Astronomers Astronomers at work using the Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Equipment Racks These racks house computers and other circuitry that control the instrument, including the motors that point the mirrors. This equipment also controls ...%%==%%660%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Equipment Racks These racks house computers and other circuitry that control the instrument including the motors that point the mirrors This equipment also controls the delay line carts and other instruments that align and detect combined starlight Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Equipment Racks These racks house computers and other circuitry that control the instrument, including the motors that point the mirrors. This equipment also controls ...%%==%%660%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Equipment Racks These racks house computers and other circuitry that control the instrument including the motors that point the mirrors This equipment also controls the delay line carts and other instruments that align and detect combined starlight Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L004.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Computers These computers are the front-end machines that astronomers use to operate the Keck instrument. ...%%==%%514%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Computers These computers are the front end machines that astronomers use to operate the Keck instrument Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L004 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L005.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Television Continuous two-way video conferencing keeps the astronomers at the facility in direct communication with other scientists and engineers at Keck Observation Headquarters, located ...%%==%%616%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Television Continuous two way video conferencing keeps the astronomers at the facility in direct communication with other scientists and engineers at Keck Observation Headquarters located in Waimea Hawaii Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L005 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L006.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Computers These computers are the front-end machines that astronomers use to operate the Keck instrument. ...%%==%%514%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Computers These computers are the front end machines that astronomers use to operate the Keck instrument Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L006 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L007.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Sound Dampening Material Sound dampening material on the walls reduces noise generated by the electrical equipment housed in the Control Room. ...%%==%%551%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Sound Dampening Material Sound dampening material on the walls reduces noise generated by the electrical equipment housed in the Control Room Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L007 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/L008.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Astronomers Astronomers at work using the Keck Interferometer. ...%%==%%471%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Astronomers Astronomers at work using the Keck Interferometer Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L008 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L008 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L008 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom L008 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/controlroom/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr controlroom planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/combininglab/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Combining Lab This is the "back end" of the telescope, where light from both telescopes is tracked and combined. It is carefully protected from ...%%==%%611%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Combining Lab This is the back end of the telescope where light from both telescopes is tracked and combined It is carefully protected from dust and air currents that can distort the light Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/combininglab.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1088%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/combininglab_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%976%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab combininglab qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Optical Tables [2] These half-ton steel tables are used to mount lenses, mirrors and other equipment used in combining light. The tables are composed ...%%==%%619%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Optical Tables 2 These half ton steel tables are used to mount lenses mirrors and other equipment used in combining light The tables are composed of sturdy heavy materials to help ensure precise alignment Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Fringe Tracker This instrument, called FATCAT, detects the interference pattern of starlight after it is combined. This pattern, called a fringe, can tell astronomers ...%%==%%722%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Fringe Tracker This instrument called FATCAT detects the interference pattern of starlight after it is combined This pattern called a fringe can tell astronomers a wealth of information about the target including its mass shape and distance FATCAT Fringe Acquisition Tracking Camera At Two microns Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%KAT This instrument, called KAT, ensures proper light beam alignment before the beams are sent into the Fringe Tracker. KAT = Keck Angle Tracker ...%%==%%559%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% KAT This instrument called KAT ensures proper light beam alignment before the beams are sent into the Fringe Tracker KAT Keck Angle Tracker Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/L004.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Fringe Tracker This instrument, called FATCAT, detects the interference pattern of starlight after it is combined. This pattern, called a fringe, can tell astronomers ...%%==%%722%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Fringe Tracker This instrument called FATCAT detects the interference pattern of starlight after it is combined This pattern called a fringe can tell astronomers a wealth of information about the target including its mass shape and distance FATCAT Fringe Acquisition Tracking Camera At Two microns Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L004 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/L005.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck Angle Tracker This instrument, called KAT, ensures proper light beam alignment before the beams are sent into the Fringe Tracker. KAT = Keck ...%%==%%574%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% Keck Angle Tracker This instrument called KAT ensures proper light beam alignment before the beams are sent into the Fringe Tracker KAT Keck Angle Tracker Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L005 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/L006.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Fringe Tracker This instrument, called FATCAT, detects the interference pattern of starlight after it is combined. This pattern, called a fringe, can tell astronomers ...%%==%%722%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Fringe Tracker This instrument called FATCAT detects the interference pattern of starlight after it is combined This pattern called a fringe can tell astronomers a wealth of information about the target including its mass shape and distance FATCAT Fringe Acquisition Tracking Camera At Two microns Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L006 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/L007.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Ceiling and Walls The Combining Lab is enclosed in a transparent structure that allows for temperature and airflow control and protects sensitive equipment from ...%%==%%715%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Ceiling and Walls The Combining Lab is enclosed in a transparent structure that allows for temperature and airflow control and protects sensitive equipment from dust or other contaminants Door Door leading to Long Delay Line area Door Door leading to Control Room Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab L007 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/combininglab/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr combininglab planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/sunset/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/bottom1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #1. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/bottom2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #2. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottom2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Sunset A view at sunset from the "backyard" of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea. Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs ...%%==%%600%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Sunset A view at sunset from the backyard of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs 300 tons Click each dome to enter Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Subaru The Japanese Large National Telescope, also called the Subaru, one of 13 telescopes atop Mauna Kea. ...%%==%%515%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Subaru The Japanese Large National Telescope also called the Subaru one of 13 telescopes atop Mauna Kea Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Maui The summit of the dormant volcano Haleakala, atop the nearby island Maui. Located on Haleakala is another observatory, operated by the US Air ...%%==%%566%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Maui The summit of the dormant volcano Haleakala atop the nearby island Maui Located on Haleakala is another observatory operated by the US Air Force Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Exhaust Vent Huge fans draw the air in and out of the twin Keck domes in order to maintain a temperature inside equal to ...%%==%%693%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Exhaust Vent Huge fans draw the air in and out of the twin Keck domes in order to maintain a temperature inside equal to the exterior A differential between these two temperatures can cause deformation of the telescope s steel and mirrors when the dome is opened to the night air Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%...%%==%%638%%==%%8 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/right.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Sunset A view at sunset from the "backyard" of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea. Keck 1 Each dome stands eight stories tall ...%%==%%917%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Sunset A view at sunset from the backyard of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea Keck 1 Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs 300 tons yet operates with nanometer precision Click dome to enter Keck 2 Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs 300 tons yet operates with nanometer precision Click dome to enter Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/right1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #1. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/right2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #2. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset right2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/sunset.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1082%%==%%12 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/sunset/sunset_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%943%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr sunset sunset qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/obsroof/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Roof View from the roof of the Keck Observatory shortly before sunset. Other telescopes atop Mauna Kea are visible in the background. ...%%==%%551%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Roof View from the roof of the Keck Observatory shortly before sunset Other telescopes atop Mauna Kea are visible in the background Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Weather Station Used to monitor weather conditions atop Mauna Kea. This view toward this weather station is due north. ...%%==%%527%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Weather Station Used to monitor weather conditions atop Mauna Kea This view toward this weather station is due north Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%IRTF The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility ...%%==%%450%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% IRTF The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%IRTF The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility ...%%==%%450%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% IRTF The NASA Infrared Telescope Facility Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L004.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%CFHT The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope ...%%==%%448%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% CFHT The Canada France Hawaii Telescope Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L004 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L005.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Gemini The Gemini Observatory ...%%==%%438%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% Gemini The Gemini Observatory Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L005 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L006.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%UH 88" The University of Hawaii 2.2 meter (88 inch) Telescope ...%%==%%470%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% UH 88 The University of Hawaii 2 2 meter 88 inch Telescope Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L006 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L007.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%UKIRT The United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope ...%%==%%453%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% UKIRT The United Kingdom Infra Red Telescope Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L007 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/L009.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Subaru The Subaru Telescope, operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. ...%%==%%497%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% Subaru The Subaru Telescope operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L009 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L009 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L009 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof L009 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/obsroof.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1083%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/obsroof_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%1053%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof obsroof qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/obsroof/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr obsroof planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/module/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/bottom1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #1. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/bottom2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #2. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottom2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame. ...%%==%%244%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/planet_quest_module.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area. Total weight for this page without ...%%==%%1958%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area Total weight for this page without the module is 13 09 Kb nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest module html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1845%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/pq_frames.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/module/pq_frames.html%%==%%...%%==%%984%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module pq frames html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%...%%==%%412%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/right.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main right frame. ...%%==%%235%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main right frame Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/right1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #1. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/right2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #2. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module right2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/LDLs/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Long Delay Lines ...%%==%%435%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Long Delay Lines Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%South Tunnel Light from the proposed outrigger telescopes will enter through this tunnel. ...%%==%%498%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% South Tunnel Light from the proposed outrigger telescopes will enter through this tunnel Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L0010.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Holes These structures contain mirrors used to steer light toward the Fast Delay Lines. ...%%==%%496%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Holes These structures contain mirrors used to steer light toward the Fast Delay Lines Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0010 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0010 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0010 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0010 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L0011.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Door Door leading to the Combining Lab. ...%%==%%448%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Door Door leading to the Combining Lab Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0011 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0011 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0011 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L0011 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Fiber Optic Light Source Giant fiber optic line that can provide illumination without generating heat inside the lab, where a constant temperature is needed ...%%==%%592%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Fiber Optic Light Source Giant fiber optic line that can provide illumination without generating heat inside the lab where a constant temperature is needed to avoid light distortion Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Optical Table Steel table used to mount lenses, mirrors and other equipment used in combining light. ...%%==%%509%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Optical Table Steel table used to mount lenses mirrors and other equipment used in combining light Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L004.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Long Delay Line Rails These rails, spanning 128 feet of the distance between the two Keck domes, carry motorized mirror sleds that are used ...%%==%%799%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Long Delay Line Rails These rails spanning 128 feet of the distance between the two Keck domes carry motorized mirror sleds that are used to make gross adjustments in the path length of incoming starlight These adjustments correspond to pointing the telescopes to different patches upon the night sky The sleds can be operated by astronomers in the control room or at Keck headquarters Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L004 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L005.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pipe at End of Rail Corridor Opening through which light from the Keck 1 enters the Long Delay Line area. ...%%==%%514%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Pipe at End of Rail Corridor Opening through which light from the Keck 1 enters the Long Delay Line area Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L005 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L006.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Large Circular Opening Near Transport Optical Mirrors Opening through which light from the Keck 2 enters the Long Delay Line area. ...%%==%%539%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Large Circular Opening Near Transport Optical Mirrors Opening through which light from the Keck 2 enters the Long Delay Line area Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L006 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L007.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Transport Optical Mirrors (a) Mirrors used to bounce light from the Long Delay Lines to the Fast Delay Lines. Transport Optical Mirrors (b) Mirrors ...%%==%%677%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Transport Optical Mirrors a Mirrors used to bounce light from the Long Delay Lines to the Fast Delay Lines Transport Optical Mirrors b Mirrors that relay light to the Long Delay Lines Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L007 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L008.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Large Circular Opening Near Transport Optical Mirrors Opening through which light from the Keck 2 enters the Long Delay Line area. ...%%==%%539%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Large Circular Opening Near Transport Optical Mirrors Opening through which light from the Keck 2 enters the Long Delay Line area Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L008 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L008 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L008 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L008 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/L009.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Transport Optical Mirrors (a) Mirrors used to bounce light from the Long Delay Lines to the Fast Delay Lines. Transport Optical Mirrors (b) Mirrors ...%%==%%677%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Transport Optical Mirrors a Mirrors used to bounce light from the Long Delay Lines to the Fast Delay Lines Transport Optical Mirrors b Mirrors that relay light to the Long Delay Lines Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L009 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L009 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L009 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs L009 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/LDLs.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1080%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/LDLs_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%1140%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs LDLs qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/LDLs/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr LDLs planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckscene/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/keckscene/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckscene/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Sunset A view at sunset from the "backyard" of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea. Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs ...%%==%%639%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Sunset A view at sunset from the backyard of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs 300 tons yet operates with nanometer precision Click each dome to enter Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckscene/keckscene.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1085%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckscene/keckscene_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%783%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene keckscene qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckscene/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckscene planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/bottom1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #1. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/bottom2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #2. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottom2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Sunset A view at sunset from the "backyard" of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea. Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs ...%%==%%639%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Sunset A view at sunset from the backyard of the Keck Observatory facility atop Mauna Kea Each dome stands eight stories tall and weighs 300 tons yet operates with nanometer precision Click each dome to enter Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/keckpanorama.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1088%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/keckpanorama_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%766%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama keckpanorama qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/planet_quest_module.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area. Total weight for this page without ...%%==%%1958%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area Total weight for this page without the module is 13 09 Kb nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest module html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%...%%==%%414%%==%%8 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/right.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main right frame. ...%%==%%235%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main right frame Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/right1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #1. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/right2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #2. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama right2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/sunset.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1082%%==%%12 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckpanorama/sunset_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%780%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckpanorama sunset qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/keckone/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck 1 Mirror In this view from the balcony of the Keck 1 dome, the primary mirror is pointed toward the viewer. ...%%==%%530%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Keck 1 Mirror In this view from the balcony of the Keck 1 dome the primary mirror is pointed toward the viewer Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/keckone.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1083%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/keckone_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%863%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone keckone qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Primary Mirror This mirror and its twin, housed in the Keck 2 dome, are the largest mirrors ever constructed. Each mirror is 10 meters ...%%==%%664%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Primary Mirror This mirror and its twin housed in the Keck 2 dome are the largest mirrors ever constructed Each mirror is 10 meters 33 feet in diameter and is composed of 36 hexagonal segments that work together as a single piece of reflective glass Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Adaptive Optics Facility This enclosure houses a system that processes starlight in order to remove distortions caused by movements in the Earth's atmosphere. ...%%==%%567%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Adaptive Optics Facility This enclosure houses a system that processes starlight in order to remove distortions caused by movements in the Earth s atmosphere Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Dome Slit Through the dome opening can be seen the Subaru Telescope, operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. It is one of ...%%==%%630%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Dome Slit Through the dome opening can be seen the Subaru Telescope operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan It is one of the 13 large telescopes located atop Mauna Kea from countries around the world Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/L004.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Insulation The interior of each Keck dome is insulated with material that helps control temperature variations that could induce deformation of the telescope's steel ...%%==%%730%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Insulation The interior of each Keck dome is insulated with material that helps control temperature variations that could induce deformation of the telescope s steel and mirrors At night when the dome is opened exposing the telescope to the frigid night air the telescope already is at the ambient outdoor temperature Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L004 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/L005.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Mirror Support Structure Part of a complex grid of beams supports the 10 meter (33 foot) diameter Keck 2 primary mirror. The structure is ...%%==%%585%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Mirror Support Structure Part of a complex grid of beams supports the 10 meter 33 foot diameter Keck 2 primary mirror The structure is designed to be rigid yet lightweight Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone L005 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/keckone/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr keckone planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck 2 Mirror Cell In this view from the balcony of the Keck 2 dome, the telescope is pointed toward the horizon, a position ...%%==%%610%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Keck 2 Mirror Cell In this view from the balcony of the Keck 2 dome the telescope is pointed toward the horizon a position typically used for servicing the telescope mirrors and instruments Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/K2mirrorcel.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1087%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/K2mirrorcel_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%744%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel K2mirrorcel qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Mirror Support Structure The lightweight yet rigid design of the mirror structures was one of the breakthroughs that allowed the creation of mirrors larger ...%%==%%781%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Mirror Support Structure The lightweight yet rigid design of the mirror structures was one of the breakthroughs that allowed the creation of mirrors larger than previously possible This complex grid of beams supports the 10 meter 33 foot diameter Keck 2 primary mirror The support structure is visible in this scene because the telescope is pointed toward the horizon Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Balcony Walkway The balcony allows telescope technicians to access the various portions of the telescope for maintenance. ...%%==%%530%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Balcony Walkway The balcony allows telescope technicians to access the various portions of the telescope for maintenance Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirrorcel/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirrorcel planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck 2 Mirror This view is from the 100-foot-high balcony of the Keck 2 telescope. The telescope itself and the primary mirror are visible. ...%%==%%557%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Keck 2 Mirror This view is from the 100 foot high balcony of the Keck 2 telescope The telescope itself and the primary mirror are visible Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/K2mirror.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1084%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/K2mirror_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%946%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror K2mirror qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Primary Mirror The Keck primary mirrors are the largest telescope mirrors ever constructed. Each is 10 meters (33 feet) in diameter and is composed ...%%==%%639%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Primary Mirror The Keck primary mirrors are the largest telescope mirrors ever constructed Each is 10 meters 33 feet in diameter and is composed of 36 hexagonal segments that work together as a single piece of reflective glass Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Elevator Elevator leading to floor, 100 feet below. ...%%==%%460%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Elevator Elevator leading to floor 100 feet below Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Camera/Instrument This module houses equipment that enables the Keck 2 to be used as a single telescope. This equiment is not used during interferometry ...%%==%%575%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Camera Instrument This module houses equipment that enables the Keck 2 to be used as a single telescope This equiment is not used during interferometry observations Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/L004.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Instrument Storage Bin Storage bin for instruments. ...%%==%%460%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Instrument Storage Bin Storage bin for instruments Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L004 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/L005.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Dome Slit This door, shown in closed position, opens to the sky to allow observations. ...%%==%%495%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Dome Slit This door shown in closed position opens to the sky to allow observations Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L005 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L005 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/L006.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Adaptive Optics Enclosure This enclosure houses a system that processes starlight in order to remove distortions caused by movements in the Earth's atmosphere. ...%%==%%568%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Adaptive Optics Enclosure This enclosure houses a system that processes starlight in order to remove distortions caused by movements in the Earth s atmosphere Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L006 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/L007.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Instrument Trolly Trolly for moving and storing equipment. ...%%==%%467%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Instrument Trolly Trolly for moving and storing equipment Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L007 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror L007 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K2mirror/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K2mirror planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/K1M6/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck 1 Base Structure (M6) Inside each Keck dome is a multi-ton pivoting structure that supports the telescope. The entire blue-colored structure seen here ...%%==%%601%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Keck 1 Base Structure M6 Inside each Keck dome is a multi ton pivoting structure that supports the telescope The entire blue colored structure seen here can be rotated full circle Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/K1M6.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1080%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/K1M6_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%778%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 K1M6 qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Mirror 6 Mirror 6 steers starlight reflected from Mirror 5 into the basement facility for combining. Both mirrors are configured to rotate along with ...%%==%%609%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Mirror 6 Mirror 6 steers starlight reflected from Mirror 5 into the basement facility for combining Both mirrors are configured to rotate along with the structure without interrupting the light path Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Floor of the Adaptive Optics Facility The underside of the adaptive optics enclosure, where light is processed to remove distortions caused by the Earth's ...%%==%%575%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Floor of the Adaptive Optics Facility The underside of the adaptive optics enclosure where light is processed to remove distortions caused by the Earth s atmosphere Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Mirror 5 Mirror 5 collects light from the Keck 1 telescope and sends it to mirror 6, which then steers the starlight into the ...%%==%%666%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Mirror 5 Mirror 5 collects light from the Keck 1 telescope and sends it to mirror 6 which then steers the starlight into the basment facility for combining Both mirrors are configured to rotate along with the structure without interrupting the light path Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1M6/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1M6 planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Keck 1 Lounge Dining and break area for astronomers. ...%%==%%470%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Keck 1 Lounge Dining and break area for astronomers Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/K1lounge.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1084%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/K1lounge_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%884%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge K1lounge qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Curtains The curtains are drawn so light from the lounge doesn't disturb adjoining observation areas. ...%%==%%510%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Curtains The curtains are drawn so light from the lounge doesn t disturb adjoining observation areas Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Food Boxes Food is delivered to the Keck from a base camp located at 9,000 feet on Mauna Kea. ...%%==%%502%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Food Boxes Food is delivered to the Keck from a base camp located at 9 000 feet on Mauna Kea Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Kitchen Kitchen for food preparation. ...%%==%%446%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Kitchen Kitchen for food preparation Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/L004.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Library Door leading to an on-site library. ...%%==%%452%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% Library Door leading to an on site library Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L004 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge L004 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/K1lounge/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr K1lounge planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/FDLs/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Fast Delay Line area In this area, motorized carts travel along the 30-foot rails, allowing astronomers to adjust the length of the light path ...%%==%%647%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Fast Delay Line area In this area motorized carts travel along the 30 foot rails allowing astronomers to adjust the length of the light path in real time This adjustable section of the light path is called the Fast Delay Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/FDLs.html%%==%%Planet Quest - Keck Interferometer - Sunset%%==%%...%%==%%1080%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset Planet Quest Keck Interferometer Sunset http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/FDLs_qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Pan: Click and drag within image - cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in: Shift Key - Zoom out: Control Key ...%%==%%949%%==%%13 Dec 2001%%==%% Pan Click and drag within image cursor icon Click for Text Zoom in Shift Key Zoom out Control Key Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs FDLs qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/L001.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Fast Delay Line Cart The Fast Delay Line area is enclosed in a transparent structure that allows for temperature and airflow control and protects ...%%==%%602%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% Fast Delay Line Cart The Fast Delay Line area is enclosed in a transparent structure that allows for temperature and airflow control and protects sensitive equipment from dust or other contaminants Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L001 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L001 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/L002.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Compressor This equipment compresses the incoming 4 inch light beam down to 1 inch, a more manageable size for combining with starlight beams from ...%%==%%606%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Compressor This equipment compresses the incoming 4 inch light beam down to 1 inch a more manageable size for combining with starlight beams from other telecopes when it reaches the Combining Lab Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L002 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L002 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/L003.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Fast Delay Line Cart This motorized cart carries three mirrors. Astronomers can adjust its position along the rails to control the length of the ...%%==%%598%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% Fast Delay Line Cart This motorized cart carries three mirrors Astronomers can adjust its position along the rails to control the length of the light path to within 1 millionth of an inch Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L003 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L003 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/L006.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Delay Line Rails [2] The Delay Line Carts travel along these 30-foot rails to adjust the path length of incoming starlight. ...%%==%%532%%==%%21 Nov 2001%%==%% Delay Line Rails 2 The Delay Line Carts travel along these 30 foot rails to adjust the path length of incoming starlight Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L006 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs L006 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/FDLs/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1678%%==%%9 Nov 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Keck Interferometer spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr FDLs planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/help-old.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/help-old.html%%==%%&nbsp; Interacting with the model To rotate the object - Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse. To zoom in and ...%%==%%2030%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Interacting with the model To rotate the object Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse To zoom in and out Hold down the right mouse button and drag the mouse When the mouse cursor turns into a hand it means that the object is clickable Installing the Plugin If you would like to download the plugin manually click here nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help old html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help old html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/help.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/help.html%%==%%&nbsp; Interacting with the model To rotate the object - Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse. To zoom in and ...%%==%%2028%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Interacting with the model To rotate the object Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse To zoom in and out Hold down the right mouse button and drag the mouse To change cameras Select a camera view from the list below the model Installing the Plugin If you would like to download the plugin manually click here nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source help html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/ps_cult.html%%==%%Cult%%==%%0&&parent.frames.length) { d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);} if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i //--> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Navigation - Use mouse to manipulate the model, or select from below: ...%%==%%4847%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% 0 parent frames length d parent frames n substring p 1 document n n substring 0 p if x d n d all x d all n for i 0 x i nbsp nbsp nbsp Navigation Use mouse to manipulate the model or select from below Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/ps_cult_logo.html%%==%%Cult%%==%%&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ...%%==%%1038%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult logo html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult logo html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult logo html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps cult logo html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/ps_footer.html%%==%%header%%==%%...%%==%%694%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% header header header header header header header header header header http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps footer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps footer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps footer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps footer html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/ps_frames.html%%==%%Extrasolar Planetary System%%==%%...%%==%%420%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System Extrasolar Planetary System http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps frames html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/ps_header.html%%==%%header%%==%%...%%==%%346%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% header header header header header header header header header header http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps header html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps header html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps header html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source ps header html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_detect.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_detect.html%%==%%&nbsp; Plug-in Detection . . . In order to view this presentation you will need the Cult3D player. The player should download automatically. When ...%%==%%1637%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Plug in Detection In order to view this presentation you will need the Cult3D player The player should download automatically When the download is complete you will be prompted to install the plugin Once you accept the plugin installation you can begin interacting with the model If the plugin does not download automatically or you would like to install it manually click here nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text detect html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text detect html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text detect html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text detect html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_intro.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_intro.html%%==%%&nbsp; Upsilon Andromedae Upsilon Andromedae is the first multiple planet system ever found around a normal star other than the Sun. The closest planet ...%%==%%1870%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Upsilon Andromedae Upsilon Andromedae is the first multiple planet system ever found around a normal star other than the Sun The closest planet in the Upsilon Andromedae system was detected in 1996 by San Francisco StateUniversity astronomers Geoffrey Marcy and R Paul Butler Later the signals of two additional planets emerged from data collected by the Lick Observatory near San Jose California All three planets are thought to be gaseous like the giant planets in our own solar system The visual features of these planets including moons or rings are purely conjectural nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text intro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text intro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text intro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text intro html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_planet-01.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_planet-01.html%%==%%&nbsp; Planet 1 The innermost of the three planets contains at least three-quarters of the mass of Jupiter and orbits only 0.06 AU from ...%%==%%1338%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Planet 1 The innermost of the three planets contains at least three quarters of the mass of Jupiter and orbits only 0 06 AU from the star One AU equals the distance from the Earth to the Sun It traverses a circular orbit every 4 6 days nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 01 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 01 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 01 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 01 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_planet-02.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_planet-02.html%%==%%&nbsp; Planet 2 The middle planet contains at least twice the mass of Jupiter and it takes 242 days to orbit the star once. ...%%==%%1403%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Planet 2 The middle planet contains at least twice the mass of Jupiter and it takes 242 days to orbit the star once It resides approximately 0 83 AU from the star similar to the orbital distance of Venus Unlike the planets in our solar system its orbit is elliptical or oval in shape nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 02 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 02 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 02 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 02 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_planet-03.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_planet-03.html%%==%%&nbsp; Planet 3 The outermost planet has a mass of at least four Jupiters and completes one orbit every 3.5 to 4 years, placing ...%%==%%1325%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Planet 3 The outermost planet has a mass of at least four Jupiters and completes one orbit every 3 5 to 4 years placing it 2 5 AU from the star Unlike the planets in our solar system its orbit is elliptical or oval in shape nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 03 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 03 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 03 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text planet 03 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_sun.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_sun.html%%==%%&nbsp; Star Upsilon Andromedae is one of the nearest Sun-like stars. It is about three-quarters the mass of the Sun and relatively younger, at ...%%==%%1439%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Star Upsilon Andromedae is one of the nearest Sun like stars It is about three quarters the mass of the Sun and relatively younger at 500 million to 1 billion years old Scientists have yet to develop sensitive enough instruments to rule out the possibility that early Earth sized planets might also exist within this system nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text sun html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text sun html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text sun html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text sun html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_system.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/planetsystem/jpl-planet-source/text_system.html%%==%%&nbsp; System Upsilon Andromedae is the first multiple planet system ever found around a normal star other than the Sun. The closest planet in ...%%==%%1858%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp System Upsilon Andromedae is the first multiple planet system ever found around a normal star other than the Sun The closest planet in the Upsilon Andromedae system was detected in 1996 by San Francisco StateUniversity astronomers Geoffrey Marcy and R Paul Butler Later the signals of two additional planets emerged from data collected by the Lick Observatory near San Jose California All three planets are thought to be gaseous like the giant planets in our own solar system The visual features of these planets including moons or rings are purely conjectural nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text system html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text system html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text system html http planetquest jpl nasa gov planetsystem jpl planet source text system html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/help.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/help.html%%==%%&nbsp; Interacting with the model To rotate the object - Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse. To zoom in and ...%%==%%2028%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Interacting with the model To rotate the object Hold down the left mouse button and drag the mouse To zoom in and out Hold down the right mouse button and drag the mouse To change cameras Select a camera view from the list below the model Installing the Plugin If you would like to download the plugin manually click here nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source help html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source help html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source help html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source help html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectoraftant.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectoraftant.html%%==%%&nbsp; Aft Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and S-band antennas that enable the two spacecraft to communicate with each other and determine ...%%==%%1300%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Aft Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency UHF and S band antennas that enable the two spacecraft to communicate with each other and determine each other s relative angle and range for autonomous formation flying nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectoraftant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectoraftant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectoraftant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectoraftant html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorenvelope.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorenvelope.html%%==%%&nbsp; Collector Envelope This area houses a siderostat -- a small, moving mirror -- and other optical components that are needed to steer starlight ...%%==%%1306%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Collector Envelope This area houses a siderostat a small moving mirror and other optical components that are needed to steer starlight to the Combiner spacecraft where the light gathered by both spacecraft is combined nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorenvelope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorenvelope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorenvelope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorenvelope html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorforeant.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorforeant.html%%==%%&nbsp; Forward Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and S-band antennas for communication with Earth through NASA's Deep Space Network. &nbsp; ...%%==%%1205%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Forward Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency UHF and S band antennas for communication with Earth through NASA s Deep Space Network nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorforeant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorforeant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorforeant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorforeant html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorlaunch.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorlaunch.html%%==%%&nbsp; Launch Ring Part of a mounting structure used to attach the spacecraft to the Delta rocket fairing prior to orbit insertion. &nbsp; ...%%==%%1223%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Launch Ring Part of a mounting structure used to attach the spacecraft to the Delta rocket fairing prior to orbit insertion nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorlaunch html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorlaunch html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorlaunch html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorlaunch html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorpropellant.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorpropellant.html%%==%%&nbsp; Seperation Hardware Structure used to attach the spacecraft in stacked configuration prior to separation.. &nbsp; ...%%==%%1170%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Seperation Hardware Structure used to attach the spacecraft in stacked configuration prior to separation nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorpropellant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorpropellant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorpropellant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorpropellant html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorseperation.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorseperation.html%%==%%&nbsp; Seperation Hardware Structure used to attach the spacecraft in stacked configuration prior to separation.. &nbsp; ...%%==%%1170%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Seperation Hardware Structure used to attach the spacecraft in stacked configuration prior to separation nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorseperation html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorseperation html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorseperation html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorseperation html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorstartracker.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorstartracker.html%%==%%&nbsp; Star Tracker Each spacecraft houses two Star Trackers. One of these devices provides primary orientation reference by recognizing patterns of stars; the other ...%%==%%1258%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Star Tracker Each spacecraft houses two Star Trackers One of these devices provides primary orientation reference by recognizing patterns of stars the other serves as a backup nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorstartracker html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorstartracker html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorstartracker html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorstartracker html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorsunshade.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorsunshade.html%%==%%&nbsp; Sunshade The fixed Collector sunshade blocks sunlight that could otherwise interfere with the performance of the spacecraft's instruments. It has an outer diameter ...%%==%%1409%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Sunshade The fixed Collector sunshade blocks sunlight that could otherwise interfere with the performance of the spacecraft s instruments It has an outer diameter of 274 cm about 110 inches and is composed of non reflecting materials that allow radio signals to pass through nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorsunshade html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorsunshade html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorsunshade html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorsunshade html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorthruster.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_collectorthruster.html%%==%%&nbsp; Thruster Modules Each spacecraft is fitted with two thruster modules, with eight thrusters per module. The thruster locations and orientations were selected to ...%%==%%1372%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Thruster Modules Each spacecraft is fitted with two thruster modules with eight thrusters per module The thruster locations and orientations were selected to minimize the possibility of onboard equipment contamination while allowing the necessary maneuvers to be conducted nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorthruster html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorthruster html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorthruster html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext collectorthruster html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combineraftantenna.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combineraftantenna.html%%==%%&nbsp; Aft Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and S-band antennas that enable the two spacecraft to communicate with each other and determine ...%%==%%1300%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Aft Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency UHF and S band antennas that enable the two spacecraft to communicate with each other and determine each other s relative angle and range for autonomous formation flying nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combineraftantenna html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combineraftantenna html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combineraftantenna html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combineraftantenna html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerenvelope.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerenvelope.html%%==%%&nbsp; Combiner Envelope This area houses a siderostat -- a small, moving mirror -- and other optical components that are needed to steer starlight ...%%==%%1305%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Combiner Envelope This area houses a siderostat a small moving mirror and other optical components that are needed to steer starlight to the Combiner spacecraft where the light gathered by both spacecraft is combined nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerenvelope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerenvelope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerenvelope html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerenvelope html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerforeantenna.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerforeantenna.html%%==%%&nbsp; Forward Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency (UHF) and S-band antennas that enable the two spacecraft to communicate with each other and determine ...%%==%%1304%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Forward Antenna Plate Includes Ultra High Frequency UHF and S band antennas that enable the two spacecraft to communicate with each other and determine each other s relative angle and range for autonomous formation flying nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerforeantenna html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerforeantenna html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerforeantenna html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerforeantenna html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinergimbal.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinergimbal.html%%==%%&nbsp; High Gain Antenna &amp; Gimbal This movable X-band antenna acts as the constellation's primary link for Earth-ground communications. &nbsp; ...%%==%%1196%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp High Gain Antenna amp Gimbal This movable X band antenna acts as the constellation s primary link for Earth ground communications nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinergimbal html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinergimbal html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinergimbal html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinergimbal html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerpropellant.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerpropellant.html%%==%%&nbsp; Propellant Storage Tank Stores fuel used by spacecraft propulsion system. The initial choice of cold nitrogen gas for propulsion is under review. &nbsp; ...%%==%%1209%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Propellant Storage Tank Stores fuel used by spacecraft propulsion system The initial choice of cold nitrogen gas for propulsion is under review nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerpropellant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerpropellant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerpropellant html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerpropellant html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerstartracker.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerstartracker.html%%==%%&nbsp; Star Tracker Each spacecraft houses two Star Trackers. One of these devices provides primary orientation reference by recognizing patterns of stars; the other ...%%==%%1258%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Star Tracker Each spacecraft houses two Star Trackers One of these devices provides primary orientation reference by recognizing patterns of stars the other serves as a backup nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerstartracker html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerstartracker html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerstartracker html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerstartracker html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinersunshade.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinersunshade.html%%==%%&nbsp; Sunshade The 338-cm (about 135 inches) diameter deployable sunshade on the Combiner blocks sunlight that could otherwise interfere with the performance of the ...%%==%%1388%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Sunshade The 338 cm about 135 inches diameter deployable sunshade on the Combiner blocks sunlight that could otherwise interfere with the performance of the spacecraft s instruments The sunshade is made from non reflecting materials that allow radio signals to pass through nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinersunshade html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinersunshade html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinersunshade html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinersunshade html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerthruster.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_combinerthruster.html%%==%%&nbsp; Thruster Modules Each spacecraft is fitted with two thruster modules, with eight thrusters per module. The thruster locations and orientations were selected to ...%%==%%1371%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Thruster Modules Each spacecraft is fitted with two thruster modules with eight thrusters per module The thruster locations and orientations were selected to minimize the possibility of onboard equipment contamination while allowing the necessary maneuvers to be conducted nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerthruster html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerthruster html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerthruster html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext combinerthruster html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_star_baseline.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/rtext_star_baseline.html%%==%%&nbsp; Laser Meteorology A laser beam is used to precisely align the two spacecraft, simulating a single rigid structure. &nbsp; ...%%==%%1178%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Laser Meteorology A laser beam is used to precisely align the two spacecraft simulating a single rigid structure nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext star baseline html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext star baseline html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext star baseline html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source rtext star baseline html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/star_cult.html%%==%%Cult%%==%%0&&parent.frames.length) { d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);} if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i //--> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Navigation - Use mouse to manipulate the model, or select from below: ...%%==%%5183%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% 0 parent frames length d parent frames n substring p 1 document n n substring 0 p if x d n d all x d all n for i 0 x i nbsp nbsp nbsp Navigation Use mouse to manipulate the model or select from below Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/star_cult_logo.html%%==%%Cult%%==%%&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ...%%==%%1042%%==%%20 Nov 2001%%==%% nbsp nbsp nbsp nbsp Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult Cult http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult logo html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult logo html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult logo html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star cult logo html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/star_footer.html%%==%%header%%==%%...%%==%%664%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% header header header header header header header header header header http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star footer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star footer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star footer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star footer html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/star_frames.html%%==%%StarLight Spacecraft%%==%%...%%==%%419%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft StarLight Spacecraft http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star frames html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/star_header.html%%==%%header%%==%%...%%==%%348%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% header header header header header header header header header header http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star header html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star header html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star header html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source star header html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_detect.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_detect.html%%==%%&nbsp; Plug-in Detection . . . In order to view this presentation you will need the Cult3D player. The player should download automatically. When ...%%==%%1637%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Plug in Detection In order to view this presentation you will need the Cult3D player The player should download automatically When the download is complete you will be prompted to install the plugin Once you accept the plugin installation you can begin interacting with the model If the plugin does not download automatically or you would like to install it manually click here nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text detect html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text detect html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text detect html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text detect html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_starintro.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_starintro.html%%==%%&nbsp; The StarLight Mission The StarLight mission represents NASA's first attempt to fly space telescopes in formation. The light collected by each spacecraft will ...%%==%%1519%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp The StarLight Mission The StarLight mission represents NASA s first attempt to fly space telescopes in formation The light collected by each spacecraft will be combined to create a virtual telescope with a resolution 40 times that of the Hubble Space Telescope The technologies tested by StarLight will pave the way for future missions such as Terrestrial Planet Finder and Life Finder nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text starintro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text starintro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text starintro html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text starintro html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_collector.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_collector.html%%==%%&nbsp; Collector The Collector spacecraft houses a siderostat, or moveable mirror, to steer starlight to the Combiner spacecraft, where the light is combined in ...%%==%%1402%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Collector The Collector spacecraft houses a siderostat or moveable mirror to steer starlight to the Combiner spacecraft where the light is combined in a process known as interferometry Apart from optical instrumentation both spacecraft share nearly identical structures and subsystems nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star collector html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star collector html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star collector html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star collector html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_combiner.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_combiner.html%%==%%&nbsp; Combiner The Combiner spacecraft carries the major instrumentation for combining starlight in a process known as interferometry. Apart from optical instrumentation, both spacecraft ...%%==%%1326%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Combiner The Combiner spacecraft carries the major instrumentation for combining starlight in a process known as interferometry Apart from optical instrumentation both spacecraft share nearly identical structures and subsystems nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star combiner html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star combiner html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star combiner html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star combiner html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_interferometer.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_interferometer.html%%==%%&nbsp; Interferometer Each StarLight spacecraft carries a small mirror about the size of a bread plate. With the two spacecraft flying in formation, the ...%%==%%1413%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Interferometer Each StarLight spacecraft carries a small mirror about the size of a bread plate With the two spacecraft flying in formation the mirrors can be used together to collect light from the same star The light is combined to create a powerful virtual telescope called an interferometer nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star interferometer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star interferometer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star interferometer html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star interferometer html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_lightpath.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_lightpath.html%%==%%&nbsp; Light Path The incoming starlight is steered by mirrors from the Collector spacecraft into the Combiner spacecraft. There, it is combined with the ...%%==%%1561%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Light Path The incoming starlight is steered by mirrors from the Collector spacecraft into the Combiner spacecraft There it is combined with the second light beam as both reach a detector The resulting lightwave pattern known as the fringe contains a wealth of information that can be decoded by computers From this pattern astronomers can calculate precise information on the position and shape of the star nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star lightpath html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star lightpath html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star lightpath html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star lightpath html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_orientation1.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_orientation1.html%%==%%&nbsp; Orientation 1 After a series of test observations using the Combiner spacecraft, the autonomous formation flying system is tested. A laser beam is ...%%==%%1372%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Orientation 1 After a series of test observations using the Combiner spacecraft the autonomous formation flying system is tested A laser beam is used to precisely align the two spacecraft simulating a single rigid structure This step is called Laser Metrology Acquisition nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_orientation2.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_orientation2.html%%==%%&nbsp; Orientation 2 Increasing the distance between the two spacecraft, or the baseline, improves the resolution. At its maxium baseline, the starlight constellation creates ...%%==%%1456%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Orientation 2 Increasing the distance between the two spacecraft or the baseline improves the resolution At its maxium baseline the starlight constellation creates a virtual telescope 125 meters 137 yards in diameter To achieve the same resolution with a single telescope would require a mirror wider than the length of a football field nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star orientation2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_seperation.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/starlight_3d/jpl-star-source/text_star_seperation.html%%==%%&nbsp; Separation Sequence The spacecraft are shown here in a "stacked" configuration following their insertion into orbit aboard a Delta rocket. Separation sequence: 1. ...%%==%%1377%%==%%4 Jan 2002%%==%% nbsp Separation Sequence The spacecraft are shown here in a stacked configuration following their insertion into orbit aboard a Delta rocket Separation sequence 1 Separation 2 Formation Acquistion 3 Laser Metrology Acquisition nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star seperation html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star seperation html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star seperation html http planetquest jpl nasa gov starlight 3d jpl star source text star seperation html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/index.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: TPF Book%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%11752%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book The Terrestrial Planet Finder book is a place where current understanding of the science technology and planning needs for the TPF mission are gathered in one place The complete book has been broken up into chapters These chapters are available below in PDF format The images from each chapter have been extracted and can be viewed here Chapters 3 8 of the book deal with the science issues for TPF Chapters 9 14 are about the technology of the mission and about long term potentials for observing extrasolar terrestrial planets The sections of this website have links to the chapters in the book to provide more detailed information Questions about the science or technology should be addressed to Nick Woolf nwoolf as arizona edu Cover 336K Table of Contents 80K Chapter 1 Executive Summary 80K Chapter 2 Introduction 64K Chapter 3 Extrasolar Terrestrial Planets Present Status and Future Prospects 144K Chapter 4 Indicators of Life Detection of Life via Remote Sensing 496K Chapter 5 Zodiacal Dust in our Own and Other Planetary Systems 448K Chapter 6 Design Sensitivity and Operations of the TPF Interferometer 928K Chapter 7 Target Stars for Planet Searches 560K Chapter 8 Probing the Central Arcsecond General Astrophysics with TPF 496K Chapter 9 Illustrative Science Mission 144K Chapter 10 Progress Toward Astronomical Nulling 192K Chapter 11 Feasibiliy of a Planet Finder Mission 576K Chapter 12 Technology for the Terrestrial Planet Finder 544K Chapter 13 The Development of the Terrestrial Planet Finder Mission 48K Chapter 14 A Long Term Program for Finding Life Beyond the Solar System 128K Appendix A Signal to Noise Calculations 64K Appendix B Additional Contributors and Credits 144K Appendix C Acronyms 32K Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Book TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book index html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book index html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/bottom.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/bottom.html%%==%%&nbsp; ...%%==%%213%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% nbsp http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/bottom1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #1. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/bottom2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame #2. ...%%==%%247%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottom2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/bottomContent.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main bottom content frame. ...%%==%%244%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main bottom content frame Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottomContent html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach bottomContent html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/planet_quest_module.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area. Total weight for this page without ...%%==%%1958%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line This is the module area Total weight for this page without the module is 13 09 Kb nbsp Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest module html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest module html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/planet_quest_top.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line ...%%==%%1845%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% Top Graphic Line Planet Quest Graphic Logo Planet Birth spacer Bottom Graphic Line Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest top html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach planet quest top html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/pq_frames.html%%==%%/afs/jpl/group/planetquest/www/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/pq_frames.html%%==%%...%%==%%984%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach pq frames html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach pq frames html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/qtvr.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%...%%==%%303%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach qtvr html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach qtvr html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/right.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the main right frame. ...%%==%%235%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the main right frame Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/right1.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #1. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 1 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/keck_qtvr/module/javascript approach/right2.html%%==%%Planet Quest Module%%==%%This is the right frame #2. ...%%==%%233%%==%%24 Oct 2001%%==%% This is the right frame 2 Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module Planet Quest Module http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov keck qtvr module javascript approach right2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/1-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 1-1%%==%%Figure 1-1: The integrated development plan for the upcoming Origins missions leads to the technology needed for TPF by the start of the TPF ...%%==%%604%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 1 1 The integrated development plan for the upcoming Origins missions leads to the technology needed for TPF by the start of the TPF implementation phase Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 1 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 1 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 1 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 1 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 1 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/10-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 10-1%%==%%Figure 10-1 Figure 10-1: The experimental configuration used at the MMT in a first test of nulling for astronomical observations. Results are shown in ...%%==%%634%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 10 1 Figure 10 1 The experimental configuration used at the MMT in a first test of nulling for astronomical observations Results are shown in Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/10-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 10-2%%==%%Figure 10-2 Figure 10-2: Nulling observations at the MMT. Two images (top) of the unresolved star a Tau without and with nulling. The nulling ...%%==%%845%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 10 2 Figure 10 2 Nulling observations at the MMT Two images top of the unresolved star a Tau without and with nulling The nulling ratio is about 24 1 Two images bottom of the star a Ori Betelgeuse are shown without and with nulling the nulled image reveals the presence of an extended dust cloud around the star Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/10-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 10-3%%==%%Figure 10-3: A nulling interferometer at JPL (using rooftop prisms illustrated in Figure 11-4 ) recently demonstrated a null depth of one part in ...%%==%%814%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 10 3 A nulling interferometer at JPL using rooftop prisms illustrated in Figure 11 4 recently demonstrated a null depth of one part in 10 000 on a laser diode source The intensity of light coming out of the nulling apparatus is shown first when the optical path length is set away from and subsequently onto the nulling position Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 10 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 10 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-1%%==%%Figure 11-1: Array geometry showing optical paths to the combiner. Figure 11-1 ...%%==%%512%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 1 Array geometry showing optical paths to the combiner Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-10.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-10%%==%%Figure 11-10: Schematic of overall thermal control configuration. Figure 11-10 ...%%==%%514%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 10 Schematic of overall thermal control configuration Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 10 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 10 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-11.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-11%%==%%Figure 11-11: TPF formation control and communications schematic. Relative measurements between spacecraft are indicated by lines. Figure 11-11 ...%%==%%579%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 11 TPF formation control and communications schematic Relative measurements between spacecraft are indicated by lines Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 11 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 11 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-12.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-12%%==%%Figure 11-12 Figure 11-12: Degradation of thermal surfaces and optics due to contamination by ice (modeled at 10 &micro;m). ...%%==%%572%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 12 Figure 11 12 Degradation of thermal surfaces and optics due to contamination by ice modeled at 10 micro m Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 12 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 12 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 12 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 12 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 12 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-13.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-13%%==%%Figure 11-13 Figure 11-13: TPF separated spacecraft concept with 4 m x 2 m elliptical mirrors shown in an existing thermal vacuum chamber. ...%%==%%581%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 13 Figure 11 13 TPF separated spacecraft concept with 4 m x 2 m elliptical mirrors shown in an existing thermal vacuum chamber Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 13 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 13 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 13 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 13 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 13 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-14.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-14%%==%%Figure 11-14 Figure 11-14: Schematic of integrated system performance in vacuum chamber using simulated starlight to provide a co-phased, collimated wavefront entering all collectors. ...%%==%%633%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 14 Figure 11 14 Schematic of integrated system performance in vacuum chamber using simulated starlight to provide a co phased collimated wavefront entering all collectors Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 14 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 14 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 14 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 14 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 14 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-15.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-15%%==%%Figure 11-15: Trajectory options for TPF. Figure 11-15 ...%%==%%489%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 15 Trajectory options for TPF Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 15 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 15 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 15 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 15 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 15 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-16.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-16%%==%%Figure 11-16 Figure 11-16: The launch and deployment sequence of a TPF concept with 4 m x 3 m primary mirrors showing an EELV ...%%==%%584%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 16 Figure 11 16 The launch and deployment sequence of a TPF concept with 4 m x 3 m primary mirrors showing an EELV launch vehicle Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 16 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 16 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 16 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 16 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 16 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-17.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-17%%==%%Figure 11-17 Figure 11-17: Fairing and Payload Module Options: EELV (HLV-G) or Ariane fairing (left) and VentureStar RLV (right). ...%%==%%572%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 17 Figure 11 17 Fairing and Payload Module Options EELV HLV G or Ariane fairing left and VentureStar RLV right Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 17 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 17 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 17 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 17 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 17 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-2%%==%%Figure 11-2: Collector optics schematic showing a possible arrangement of beam transfer and steering mirrors. Figure 11-2 ...%%==%%555%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 2 Collector optics schematic showing a possible arrangement of beam transfer and steering mirrors Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-3%%==%%Figure 11-3: Beam combiner layout. Figure 11-3 ...%%==%%479%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 3 Beam combiner layout Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-4%%==%%Figure 11-4: Nulling beam combiner with rooftop prisms. Figure 11-4 ...%%==%%501%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 4 Nulling beam combiner with rooftop prisms Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-5%%==%%Figure 11-5 Figure 11-5: The transmission pattern on the sky for both chop orientations of the dual Bracewell configuration. ...%%==%%571%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 5 Figure 11 5 The transmission pattern on the sky for both chop orientations of the dual Bracewell configuration Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 5 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-6.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-6%%==%%Figure 11-6: Flight paths during data acquisition for (a) planet detection and (b) imaging. Three successive positions are shown for each model (green, blue, ...%%==%%655%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 6 Flight paths during data acquisition for a planet detection and b imaging Three successive positions are shown for each model green blue red with arrows indicating straight line flight paths Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 6 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-7.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-7%%==%%Figure 11-7: Artist's rendering of TPF reference design. The spacecraft are shown to scale with a slightly shortened baseline. Infrared (semi-transparent) and metrology (orange) ...%%==%%661%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 7 Artist s rendering of TPF reference design The spacecraft are shown to scale with a slightly shortened baseline Infrared semi transparent and metrology orange beams are shown for illustrative purposes Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 7 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 7 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-8.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-8%%==%%Figure 11-8: Spacecraft detail of the illustrative design concept as shown on the previous page. Figure 11-8 ...%%==%%542%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 8 Spacecraft detail of the illustrative design concept as shown on the previous page Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 8 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 8 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/11-9.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 11-9%%==%%Figure 11-9: Illustrative dependence of the propellant mass on rotation period. This figure shows the total mass that would be required for the planet ...%%==%%691%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 11 9 Illustrative dependence of the propellant mass on rotation period This figure shows the total mass that would be required for the planet observations over the mission lifetime for a similar system described in Stephenson 1998 Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 11 9 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 11 9 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-1%%==%%Figure 12-1: TPF Technology Development Roadmap. Figure 12-1 ...%%==%%493%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 1 TPF Technology Development Roadmap Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-10.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-10%%==%%Figure 12-10 Figure 12-10: Half-scale NGST sunshade deployment demonstration at ILC Dover. ...%%==%%533%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 10 Figure 12 10 Half scale NGST sunshade deployment demonstration at ILC Dover Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 10 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 10 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-2%%==%%Figure 12-2: The Keck Interferometer in its final configuration, including the two 10 m Keck telescopes and the associated 1.8 m outrigger telescopes on ...%%==%%618%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 2 The Keck Interferometer in its final configuration including the two 10 m Keck telescopes and the associated 1 8 m outrigger telescopes on Mauna Kea Hawaii Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-3%%==%%Figure 12-3: NASA's Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). Figure 12-3 ...%%==%%508%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 3 NASA s Space Infrared Telescope Facility SIRTF Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-4%%==%%Figure 12-4 Figure 12-4: NASA's Space Technology-3 (ST-3), formerly known as Deep Space 3 (DS3). ...%%==%%537%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 4 Figure 12 4 NASA s Space Technology 3 ST 3 formerly known as Deep Space 3 DS3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-5%%==%%Figure 12-5 Figure 12-5: Two possible design variations for the SIM flight system, one with, and one without, an external metrology boom. The SIM ...%%==%%635%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 5 Figure 12 5 Two possible design variations for the SIM flight system one with and one without an external metrology boom The SIM project will select one of the designs in 1999 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 5 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-6.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-6%%==%%Figure 12-6 Figure 12-6: One concept for NASA's Next Generation Space Telescope Mission (NGST). ...%%==%%536%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 6 Figure 12 6 One concept for NASA s Next Generation Space Telescope Mission NGST Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 6 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-7.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-7%%==%%Figure 12-7: Clockwise from left: a) Lightweight 0.85 m cryogenic beryllium mirror for SIRTF; b) Lightweight 0.5 m thin shell glass mirror demonstrator for ...%%==%%713%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 7 Clockwise from left a Lightweight 0 85 m cryogenic beryllium mirror for SIRTF b Lightweight 0 5 m thin shell glass mirror demonstrator for NGST University of Arizona c Lightweight 0 5 m C SiC mirror demonstrator for NGST IABG BDM Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 7 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 7 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-8.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-8%%==%%Figure 12-8: Schematic of high dynamic range optical delay line architecture. Figure 12-8 ...%%==%%523%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 8 Schematic of high dynamic range optical delay line architecture Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 8 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 8 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/12-9.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 12-9%%==%%Figure 12-9 Figure 12-9: Simulated reconstructed image data from one rotation of a four-element, 30 m baseline nulling interferometer. Light from the central star ...%%==%%718%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 12 9 Figure 12 9 Simulated reconstructed image data from one rotation of a four element 30 m baseline nulling interferometer Light from the central star is effectively nulled and the existence of a planet is indicated as a bright spot 0 2 arcseconds off axis Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 12 9 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 12 9 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/13-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 13-1%%==%%Figure 13-1: Technological precursors to TPF. Figure 1-1 ...%%==%%487%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 13 1 Technological precursors to TPF Figure 1 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 13 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 13 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 13 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 13 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 13 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/14-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 14-1%%==%%Figure 14-1 Figure 14-1: An enhanced version of TPF using four 25 m class telescopes could make R &gt; 1000 measurements of the atmospheres ...%%==%%973%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 14 1 Figure 14 1 An enhanced version of TPF using four 25 m class telescopes could make R gt 1000 measurements of the atmospheres of terrestrial planets in one month of integration time These data could reveal definitive signs of life such as weak concentrations of CH 4 and N 2 O Such a system could operate with a 15 km baseline to separate a planet from its moon The graph at the top shows the relationship between spectral resolution and collecting area Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/14-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 14-2%%==%%Figure 14-2 Figure 14-2: A visible light constellation capable of making a resolved 25x25 image of an Earth-like planet 10 pc away would utilize ...%%==%%847%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 14 2 Figure 14 2 A visible light constellation capable of making a resolved 25x25 image of an Earth like planet 10 pc away would utilize 25 40 m telescopes each equipped with a coronagraph capable of a 10 10 null The array of spacecraft would operate over a 360 km baseline The graph at the top relates system baseline aperture and linear resolution on the planet Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 14 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 14 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/3-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 3-1%%==%%Figure 3-1 Figure 3-1: A schematic representation of recent detections, using the radial velocity technique, of objects of Jupiter-mass around nearby stars (courtesy of ...%%==%%624%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 3 1 Figure 3 1 A schematic representation of recent detections using the radial velocity technique of objects of Jupiter mass around nearby stars courtesy of G Marcy Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/3-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 3-2%%==%%Figure 3-2 Figure 3-2: Radial velocity measurements have been used to infer the presence of multiple planets orbiting Upsilon Andromedae. The fit to the ...%%==%%1014%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2 Radial velocity measurements have been used to infer the presence of multiple planets orbiting Upsilon Andromedae The fit to the data for a single planet is relatively poor top while the fit for each planet is improved when the presence of three planets is taken into account middle Planets B C and D have orbital distances of 0 06 0 85 and 2 5 AU and Msin i of 0 73 1 95 and 4 1 M j respectively bottom The orbits of the inner planets of our solar system are shown as dotted lines Butler et al 1999 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/3-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 3-3%%==%%Figure 3-3: Distribution of Msin i for companion objects with Msin i &lt; 15 M j (Marcy and Butler 1998). Figure 3-3 ...%%==%%572%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 3 3 Distribution of Msin i for companion objects with Msin i lt 15 M j Marcy and Butler 1998 Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/3-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 3-4%%==%%Figure 3-4 Figure 3-4: The sensitivity of astrometric and Doppler searches for planets of different masses and orbital locations. Planets detected via Doppler measurements ...%%==%%671%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 3 4 Figure 3 4 The sensitivity of astrometric and Doppler searches for planets of different masses and orbital locations Planets detected via Doppler measurements are shown as lower limits due to the sin i ambiguity Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 3 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 3 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-1%%==%%Figure 4-1: A phylogenic tree of life suggests that the major genetic diversity on Earth resides in the single-celled prokaryotes, while comparatively little diversity ...%%==%%654%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 1 A phylogenic tree of life suggests that the major genetic diversity on Earth resides in the single celled prokaryotes while comparatively little diversity is seen between plants animals and fungi Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-2a.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-2a%%==%%Figure 4-2a: Underwater volcanic vents are home to some of the most primitive life forms on Earth. Figure 4-2a ...%%==%%543%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 2a Underwater volcanic vents are home to some of the most primitive life forms on Earth Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2a http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2a html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-2b.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-2b%%==%%Figure 4-2b Figure 4-2b: A micrograph of a thin section through a thermophilic, anaerobic archaeon (courtesy of Melanie Summit, Baross Laboratory, UW Oceanogrpahy). ...%%==%%613%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 2b Figure 4 2b A micrograph of a thin section through a thermophilic anaerobic archaeon courtesy of Melanie Summit Baross Laboratory UW Oceanogrpahy Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 2b http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 2b html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-3%%==%%Figure 4-3: The composition of the Earth's atmosphere appears to have become oxygen-rich due to the presence of life, starting at about two billion ...%%==%%623%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 3 The composition of the Earth s atmosphere appears to have become oxygen rich due to the presence of life starting at about two billion years ago Kasting et al 1983 Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-4%%==%%Figure 4-4: A microphotograph of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that photosynthesize carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. Figure 4-4 ...%%==%%575%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 4 A microphotograph of cyanobacteria blue green algae that photosynthesize carbon dioxide to produce oxygen Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-5%%==%%Figure 4-5: Spectral lines in the mid-infrared coulc characterize the atmosphere of a planet. Figure 4-5 ...%%==%%535%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 5 Spectral lines in the mid infrared coulc characterize the atmosphere of a planet Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 5 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-6.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-6%%==%%Figure 4-6: Model calculations show the effect of various trace gases on the Earth's thermal spectrum. The spectrum in the upper right shows the ...%%==%%1433%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 6 Model calculations show the effect of various trace gases on the Earth s thermal spectrum The spectrum in the upper right shows the composite effect calculations courtesy of W Traub Center for Astrophysics Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 6 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/4-7.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 4-7%%==%%Figure 4-7 Figure 4-7: Model calculations show plausible thermal spectra for the prebiotic Earth without (top) and with (bottom) the presence of significant amounts ...%%==%%785%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 4 7 Figure 4 7 Model calculations show plausible thermal spectra for the prebiotic Earth without top and with bottom the presence of significant amounts of methane Kasting and Brown private communication The strong absorption centered at 7 6 micro m 1200 1400 cm 1 would be detectable with TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 4 7 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 4 7 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/5-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 5-1%%==%%Figure 5-1: The surface area of the debris produced by the collision of two large asteroids at t=0 as a function of time (Dermott, ...%%==%%821%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 5 1 The surface area of the debris produced by the collision of two large asteroids at t 0 as a function of time Dermott private communication The gradual decline is the result of grains falling into the sun as a result of Poynting Robertson drag Transients are due to subsequent collisions of large remnants producing sharply increased numbers of small grains Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/5-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 5-2%%==%%Figure 5-2: The ratio of dust disk to stellar luminosity is plotted as a function of age for a number of stars, ranging from ...%%==%%836%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 5 2 The ratio of dust disk to stellar luminosity is plotted as a function of age for a number of stars ranging from young pre main sequence objects to the Sun Becklin et al 1999 While the number of stars in the sample is small the apparent decrease in the amount of dust within a disk with age suggests that searches for terrestrial planets should concentrate on older stars Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/5-3a.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 5-3a%%==%%Figure 5-3a Figure 5-3a: COBE results for the 25 &micro;m zodiacal emission (top) and with a smooth model removed from the data (bottom) to ...%%==%%667%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 5 3a Figure 5 3a COBE results for the 25 micro m zodiacal emission top and with a smooth model removed from the data bottom to reveal concentrations of dust ahead and behind the Earth s orbit Reach et al 1995 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3a http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3a html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3a html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/5-3b.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 5-3b%%==%%Figure 5-3b Figure 5-3b: A numerical simulation of dust in the solar system shows dust concentrated in a wake behind the earth as seen ...%%==%%673%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 5 3b Figure 5 3b A numerical simulation of dust in the solar system shows dust concentrated in a wake behind the earth as seen from above the ecliptic plane top and in a magnified view bottom Dermott et al 1994 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 3b http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3b html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 3b html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/5-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 5-4%%==%%Figure 5-4: A sub-mm image (left) from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) showing emission from the dust disk of the solar type star ...%%==%%844%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 5 4 A sub mm image left from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope JCMT showing emission from the dust disk of the solar type star e Eridani Greaves et al 1998 A face on shcematic view of our own solar system right including illustrative Kuiper Belt objects as it would be seen at the distance of e Eri is shown for comparison Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/5-5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 5-5%%==%%Figure 5-5: HST/NICMOS images of a dust disk around the star HR 4796A. Although the central part of the image is blocked by the ...%%==%%781%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 5 5 HST NICMOS images of a dust disk around the star HR 4796A Although the central part of the image is blocked by the glare of the cnetral star a prominent dust ring with a central gap is revealed by these observations right An artist s concept is shown on the left courtesy of Smith Schneider and Becklin et al 1999 Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 5 5 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 5 5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-1%%==%%Figure 6-1 Figure 6-1: The spectral energy distributions of the Sun and the Earth as seen from 10 pc away demonstrate that the intensity ...%%==%%822%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 The spectral energy distributions of the Sun and the Earth as seen from 10 pc away demonstrate that the intensity ratio problem while severe in the mid infrared is a factor of 1 000 times more favorable than at visible wavelengths Additionally the mid infrared region contains a number of strong broad spectral features of trace atmospheric gases Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-10.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-10%%==%%Figure 6-10 Figure 6-10: A simulation of an Earth-Venus-Mars system (as in figures 6-6 and 6-8 ) seen with the system consisting of two ...%%==%%878%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 10 Figure 6 10 A simulation of an Earth Venus Mars system as in figures 6 6 and 6 8 seen with the system consisting of two fixed baseline 3 element interferometers as described in the text The top image shows an initial reconstructed map The lower image shows the result of more intensive image processing and should be compared with Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 10 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 10 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-11.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-11%%==%%Figure 6-11: Disks around young stars are likely targets for TPF imaging. As described in the text, the figure shows a model for the ...%%==%%785%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 11 Disks around young stars are likely targets for TPF imaging As described in the text the figure shows a model for the emission from a disk Also shown is the background due to the telescope and zodiacal emission The right hand scale shows the number of pixels and the signal to noise ratio per pixel expected in a TPF map Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 11 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 11 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-2%%==%%Figure 6-2 Figure 6-2: The signal in photo-electrons in a 10 5 s integration period from an Earth-like planet observed through the 1 AU, ...%%==%%955%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 2 Figure 6 2 The signal in photo electrons in a 10 5 s integration period from an Earth like planet observed through the 1 AU 3 5 m version of TPF The planet shows CO 2 absorption at 16 micro m The spectral resolution is R 20 and other parameteres are given in Appendix A Also shown are the other signals that contribute to the total photon shot noise The bottom curve shows the signal to noise ratio SNR on the planet using the right hand scale Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-3%%==%%Figure 6-3: The emission from a face-on exo-zodiacal dust cloud (left) with a single planet, and as it will be measured through TPF's transmission ...%%==%%605%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 3 The emission from a face on exo zodiacal dust cloud left with a single planet and as it will be measured through TPF s transmission pattern right Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-4%%==%%Figure 6-4: As TPF rotates around the line of sight to a target star, the planet (a 3 R + planet is shown for ...%%==%%868%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 4 As TPF rotates around the line of sight to a target star the planet a 3 R planet is shown for clarity produces a modulated signal as it moves in and out of the interferometer fringe pattern TPF would produce 20 such data dtreams one for each of the observed wavelengths that would be combined to reconstruct an image of the solar system and the spectra of any detected planets Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-5%%==%%Figure 6-5 Figure 6-5: A reconstruction of a TPF observation of a terrestrial planet 10 pc away showing improved performance as more wavelengths and ...%%==%%1104%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 5 Figure 6 5 A reconstruction of a TPF observation of a terrestrial planet 10 pc away showing improved performance as more wavelengths and baselines are included in the reconstruction Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 5 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-6.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-6%%==%%Figure 6-6: A reconstruction of a planetary system at 10 pc containing Venus, Earth, and Mars analogs. The arrows show portions of the planets. ...%%==%%672%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 6 A reconstruction of a planetary system at 10 pc containing Venus Earth and Mars analogs The arrows show portions of the planets The image artifacts can be removed with more advanced data acquisition and procesing Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 6 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-7.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-7%%==%%Figure 6-7: A simulated spectrum as would be observed by TPF after ~15 d of integration. Figure 6-7 ...%%==%%530%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 7 A simulated spectrum as would be observed by TPF after 15 d of integration Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 7 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 7 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-8.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-8%%==%%Figure 6-8 Figure 6-8: A simulation of the Earth-Venus-Mars system seen at an inclination of 60&deg; showing the advantages of a chopped configuration in ...%%==%%835%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 8 Figure 6 8 A simulation of the Earth Venus Mars system seen at an inclination of 60 deg showing the advantages of a chopped configuration in the presence of bright exo zodiacal emission The right figure uses the standard OASES linear array The left image uses a modified four element system that uses asymmetric chopping to reject symmetric emission from a zodiacal cloud Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 8 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 8 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/6-9.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 6-9%%==%%Figure 6-9 Figure 6-9: Sample interferometer configurations with and without chopping. a) Nominal OASES or Double Bracewell, with or without chopping; b) ESA's Mariotti ...%%==%%672%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 6 9 Figure 6 9 Sample interferometer configurations with and without chopping a Nominal OASES or Double Bracewell with or without chopping b ESA s Mariotti 3DAC array with chopping c Dual 3 element with chopping Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 6 9 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 9 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 6 9 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/7-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 7-1%%==%%Figure 7-1: Histograms illustrate the variation of sample size and composition as a function of distance and various TPF operational constraints. From front to ...%%==%%908%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 7 1 Histograms illustrate the variation of sample size and composition as a function of distance and various TPF operational constraints From front to back the samples are stars within 8 pc with ecliptic and galactic latitude constraints stars within 15 pc with ecliptic and galactic latitude constraints and stars within 15 pc with no geometric constraints In all cases binaries with separations less than 15 quot and giants have been removed Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/7-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 7-2%%==%%Figure 7-2: Brightness (flux density in &micro;Jy) and angular scale of habitable zone for Earth-sized planets around known stars within 15 pc. The symbols ...%%==%%686%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 7 2 Brightness flux density in micro Jy and angular scale of habitable zone for Earth sized planets around known stars within 15 pc The symbols denote spectral type with M stars smallest circles through A stars largest circles Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/7-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 7-3%%==%%Figure 7-3: The effect of excess photon noise from a companion star on the integration time relative to the zodiacal dust limited-integration time for ...%%==%%766%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 7 3 The effect of excess photon noise from a companion star on the integration time relative to the zodiacal dust limited integration time for companions of different brightness 0 5 10 mag at 12 micro m observed with telescopes of different apertures 2m solid blue 3 5 m dashed magenta 5 m dotted red Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/7-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 7-4%%==%%Figure 7-4: The maximum interferometer baseline is set by spacing at which the star begins to leak beyond the edge of the null (shown ...%%==%%763%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 7 4 The maximum interferometer baseline is set by spacing at which the star begins to leak beyond the edge of the null shown as dotted lines for various spectral types The minimum baseline is set by the need to resolve the habitable zone shown as solid lines A fixed 75 m baseline is shown for reference Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/7-5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 7-5%%==%%Figure 7-5: The factor by which the integration time must be increased due to increasing noise from the zodiacal mission in the target star ...%%==%%648%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 7 5 The factor by which the integration time must be increased due to increasing noise from the zodiacal mission in the target star exozodiacal emission for TPF operating at 1 AU see Table 6 1 Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 7 5 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 7 5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/8-1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 8-1%%==%%Figure 8-1: Astrophysically important structures would be resolved in the thermal infrared around very young, deeply embedded protostars. The left panels compare the sub-AU ...%%==%%1077%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 8 1 Astrophysically important structures would be resolved in the thermal infrared around very young deeply embedded protostars The left panels compare the sub AU structure for a protostar observed nearly edge on through its disk in the 17 micro m dust continuum for a model upper panel and as would be seen with TPF The right panels show a similar comparison in the 17 micro m line of H 2 a transition where the jet should radiate strongly The scale of these images is in arcseconds so that 0 05 arcsecond tick marks correspond to 7 5 AU at the distance of the Taurus molecular cloud Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 1 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/8-2.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 8-2%%==%%Figure 8-2: This spectrum from the SWS spectrometer on the ISO satellite shows a wealth of information on ices of various species and minerals ...%%==%%798%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 8 2 This spectrum from the SWS spectrometer on the ISO satellite shows a wealth of information on ices of various species and minerals toward the embedded protostar W33A Gibb et al 1998 courtesy of E van Dishoeck TPF will study the spatial distribution of such material in the disks of young stars with better than 1 AU spatial resolution Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 2 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 2 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 2 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/8-3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 8-3%%==%%Figure 8-3: A spectrum from ISO shows emission features of the oxygen-rich mineral olivine (marked with vertical lines) as well as many other minerals ...%%==%%1050%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 8 3 A spectrum from ISO shows emission features of the oxygen rich mineral olivine marked with vertical lines as well as many other minerals in the dust surrounding a pair of dying stars called The Red Rectangle Also shown are ground based near infrared images that reveal a dust disk surrounding the binary system that may be a region of decayed planet formation TPF will probe the detailed structure of this region with 100 times better spatial resolution than the best ground based images spectrum courtesy of ESA left image H van Winckel right image G Weigelt and R Osterbart Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 3 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/8-4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 8-4%%==%%Figure 8-4 Figure 8-4: A simulated TPF image of milli-arcsec structure of the wind emnating from an AGB star in the post-planetary nebular stage. ...%%==%%713%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 8 4 Figure 8 4 A simulated TPF image of milli arcsec structure of the wind emnating from an AGB star in the post planetary nebular stage TPF will have the angular resolution to investigate the process of dust formation in stellar winds Courtesy of A Dayal Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 4 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/8-5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 8-5%%==%%Figure 8-5 Figure 8-5: An HST image of SN1987A reveals blobs of ejecta (lower panel) moving away from the site of the exploding target ...%%==%%706%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 8 5 Figure 8 5 An HST image of SN1987A reveals blobs of ejecta lower panel moving away from the site of the exploding target star TPF will image these blobs with 10 100 times better spatial resolution in and out of various spectral lines of solid state and gaseous species Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 5 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/8-6.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 8-6%%==%%Figure 8-6 Figure 8-6: A flat, disk-shaped galaxy seen almost edge-on (infrared image in red), has collided with a large, round, elliptical galaxy (visible ...%%==%%1148%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 8 6 Figure 8 6 A flat disk shaped galaxy seen almost edge on infrared image in red has collided with a large round elliptical galaxy visible light in black and white to make the peculiar object known as Centaurus A The infrared image from ISO Mirabel et al in preparation reveals the spiral galaxy for the first time A black hole fueled and possibly even formed by the disruption of stars and gas in the violent collision is at the center of the spiral galaxy Emission of materail ejected from the black hole is responsible for the jets of radio emission shown as blue contours TPF will probe the structure and physical conditions in accretion disk surrounding the black hole Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 6 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/8-7.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure 8-7%%==%%Figure 8-7: Calculations of the integral source counts for galaxies seen at 12 &micro;m, under various assumptions about the degree of evolution, indicate that ...%%==%%659%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% Figure 8 7 Calculations of the integral source counts for galaxies seen at 12 micro m under various assumptions about the degree of evolution indicate that confusion from galaxies should not be a problem for TPF Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure 8 7 http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery 8 7 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch1.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 1 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14541%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 1 1 nbsp Figure x x nbsp Figure x x Figure 1 1 Browse Image 139 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB nbsp Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size nbsp Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 1 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch1 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch1 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch10.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 10 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14548%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 10 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 10 3 nbsp Figure x x nbsp Figure x x Figure 10 3 Browse Image 93 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB nbsp Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size nbsp Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 10 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch10 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch10 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch11.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 11 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%15989%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 11 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 11 1 Figure 11 2 Figure 11 3 Figure 11 1 Browse Image 57 KB Hi Res TIFF 0 6 MB Figure 11 2 Browse Image 93 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 11 3 Browse Image 79 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure 11 4 Figure 11 5 Figure 11 6 Figure 11 4 Browse Image 94 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 11 5 Browse Image 45 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 2 MB Figure 11 6 Browse Image 76 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 11 7 Figure 11 8 Figure 11 9 Figure 11 7 Browse Image 140 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure 11 8 Browse Image 51 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 11 9 Browse Image 75 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 8 MB Figure 11 10 Figure 11 11 Figure 11 12 Figure 11 10 Browse Image 72 KB Hi Res TIFF 3 9 MB Figure 11 11 Browse Image 68 KB Hi Res TIFF 5 4 MB Figure 11 12 Browse Image 27 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB More Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch11more.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 11 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14566%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 11 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 11 13 Figure 11 14 Figure 11 15 Figure 11 13 Browse Image 208 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 11 14 Browse Image 71 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 4 MB Figure 11 15 Browse Image 44 KB Hi Res TIFF 6 4 MB Figure 11 16 Figure 11 17 Figure 11 17a Figure 11 16 Browse Image 66 KB Hi Res TIFF 5 3 MB Figure 11 17 Browse Image 18 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 9 MB Figure 11 17a Browse Image 65 KB Hi Res TIFF 1 3 MB Figure 11 17b Figure x x Figure x x Figure 11 17b Browse Image 71 KB Hi Res TIFF 1 5 MB Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 11 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch11more html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch12.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 12 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14649%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 12 1 Figure 12 2 Figure 12 3 Figure 12 1 Browse Image 130 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 12 2 Browse Image 203 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 8 MB Figure 12 3 Browse Image 196 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 8 MB Figure 12 4 Figure 12 5 Figure 12 5a Figure 12 4 Browse Image 51 KB Hi Res TIFF 3 1 MB Figure 12 5 Browse Image 21 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 2 MB Figure 12 5a Browse Image 146 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 12 5b Figure 12 6 Figure 12 7 Figure 12 5b Browse Image 114 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 12 6 Browse Image 30 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 6 MB Figure 12 7 Browse Image 19 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 1 MB More Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch12more.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 12 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14466%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 12 7a Figure 12 7b Figure 12 7c Figure 12 7a Browse Image 134 KB Hi Res TIFF 1 4 MB Figure 12 7b Browse Image 35 KB Hi Res TIFF 1 1 MB Figure 12 7c Browse Image 88 KB Hi Res TIFF 3 0 MB Figure 12 8 Figure 12 9 Figure 12 10 Figure 12 8 Browse Image 33 KB Hi Res TIFF 3 8 MB Figure 12 9 Browse Image 22 KB Hi Res TIFF 3 3 MB Figure 12 10 Browse Image 111 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 3 MB Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 12 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch12more html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch13.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 13 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14544%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 13 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 1 1 nbsp Figure x x nbsp Figure x x Figure 13 1 Browse Image 139 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB nbsp Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size nbsp Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 13 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch13 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch13 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch13 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch13 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch14.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 14 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14431%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 14 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 14 1 Figure 14 1a Figure 14 1b Figure 14 1 Browse Image 34 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 0 MB Figure 14 1a Browse Image 71 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 14 1b Browse Image 66 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 14 1c Figure 14 2 Figure 14 2a Figure 14 1c Browse Image 52 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 8 MB Figure 14 2 Browse Image 22 KB Hi Res TIFF 3 3 MB Figure 14 2a Browse Image 69 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 14 2b Figure 14 2c Figure x x Figure 14 2b Browse Image 90 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 14 2c Browse Image 13 KB Hi Res TIFF 37 KB Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 14 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch14 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch14 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch14 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch14 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch3.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 3 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14455%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 3 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 3 1 Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2a Figure 3 1 Browse Image 75 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 3 2 Browse Image 143 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 7 MB Figure 3 2a Browse Image 77 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 3 2b Figure 3 2c Figure 3 3 Figure 3 2b Browse Image 77 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 6 MB Figure 3 2c Browse Image 90 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 3 3 Browse Image 71 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 3 4 Figure x x Figure x x Figure 3 4 Browse Image 126 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 3 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch3 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch3 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch4.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 4 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%15915%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 4 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 4 1 Figure 4 2a Figure 4 2b Figure 4 1 Browse Image 87 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 4 2a Browse Image 126 KB Hi Res TIFF 0 9 MB Figure 4 2b Browse Image 112 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 4 MB Figure 4 3 Figure 4 4 Figure 4 5 Figure 4 3 Browse Image 52 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 8 MB Figure 4 4 Browse Image 166 KB Hi Res TIFF 1 5 MB Figure 4 5 Browse Image 26 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 Figure 4 6cfc11 Figure 4 6cfc12 Figure 4 6 Browse Image 57 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 6 MB Figure 4 6cfc11 Browse Image 59 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6cfc12 Browse Image 60 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 ch4 Figure 4 6 co2 Figure 4 6 ets Figure 4 6 ch4 Browse Image 59 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 co2 Browse Image 66 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 ets Browse Image 80 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB More Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch4more.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 4 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14459%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 4 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 4 6 h2o Figure 4 6 hno3 Figure 4 6 n2o Figure 4 6 h2o Browse Image 77 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 hno3 Browse Image 60 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 n2o Browse Image 57 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 o3 Figure 4 6 sf6 Figure 4 7 Figure 4 6 o3 Browse Image 59 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 6 sf6 Browse Image 64 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 4 7 Browse Image 32 KB Hi Res TIFF 6 5 MB Figure 4 7a Figure 4 7b Figure x x Figure 4 7a Browse Image 102 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 6 MB Figure 4 7b Browse Image 89 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 5 MB Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 4 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch4more html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch5.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 5 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14416%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 5 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 5 1 Figure 5 2 Figure 5 4 Figure 5 1 Browse Image 42 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 3 MB Figure 5 2 Browse Image 70 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 7 MB Figure 5 4 Browse Image 30 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 2 MB Figure 5 4a Figure 5 4b Figure 5 5 Figure 5 4a Browse Image 89 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 4 MB Figure 5 4b Browse Image 34 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 3 MB Figure 5 5 Browse Image 30 KB Hi Res TIFF 1 6 MB Figure 5 5a Figure 5 5b Figure x x Figure 5 5a Browse Image 204 KB Hi Res TIFF 1 0 MB Figure 5 5b Browse Image 48 KB Hi Res TIFF 0 2 MB Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 5 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch5 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch5 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch6.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 6 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%15772%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 6 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 6 1 Figure 6 2 Figure 6 3 Figure 6 1 Browse Image 70 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure 6 2 Browse Image 85 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 8 MB Figure 6 3 Browse Image 24 KB Hi Res TIFF 3 9 MB Figure 6 3a Figure 6 3b Figure 6 4 Figure 6 3a Browse Image 48 KB Hi Res TIFF 6 7 MB Figure 6 3b Browse Image 76 KB Hi Res TIFF 6 9 MB Figure 6 4 Browse Image 63 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 8 MB Figure 6 5 Figure 6 5A Figure 6 5B Figure 6 5 Browse Image 164 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 7 MB Figure 6 5A Browse Image 166 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 6 5B Browse Image 173 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 6 5C Figure 6 5D Figure 6 5E Figure 6 5C Browse Image 152 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 6 5D Browse Image 145 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 6 5E Browse Image 144 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB More Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch6more.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 6 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%15677%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 6 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 6 5F Figure 6 6 Figure 6 7 Figure 6 5F Browse Image 129 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 1 MB Figure 6 6 Browse Image 151 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure 6 7 Browse Image 61 KB Hi Res TIFF 5 9 MB Figure 6 8 Figure 6 9 Figure 6 9a Figure 6 8 Browse Image 134 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 7 MB Figure 6 9 Browse Image 17 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 4 MB Figure 6 9a Browse Image 22 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 0 MB Figure 6 9b Figure 6 9c Figure 6 10 Figure 6 9b Browse Image 37 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 3 MB Figure 6 9c Browse Image 33 KB Hi Res TIFF 4 0 MB Figure 6 10 Browse Image 38 KB Hi Res TIFF 5 9 MB Figure 6 11 Figure x x Figure x x Figure 6 11 Browse Image 64 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 6 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6more html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch6more html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch7.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 7 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14424%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 7 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 7 1 Figure 7 2 Figure 7 3 Figure 7 1 Browse Image 88 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 6 MB Figure 7 2 Browse Image 84 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 6 MB Figure 7 3 Browse Image 92 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Figure 7 4 Figure 7 5 Figure x x Figure 7 4 Browse Image 93 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure 7 5 Browse Image 57 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 8 MB Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Figure x x Browse Image Size Hi Res TIFF Size Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 7 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch7 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch7 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/ch8.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Chapter 8 Images%%==%%The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling.%%==%%14434%%==%%7 Nov 2001%%==%% 3 rolloversOK 1 else if browserName Microsoft Internet Explorer browserVer 4 rolloversOK 1 Pre load rollover buttons if rolloversOK button01off new Image button01off src images blackbar l2 jplhome off gif button01on new Image button01on src images blackbar l2 jplhome on gif button02off new Image button02off src images blackbar l2 earth off gif button02on new Image button02on src images blackbar l2 earth on gif button03off new Image button03off src images blackbar l2 solarsys off gif button03on new Image button03on src images blackbar l2 solarsys on gif button04off new Image button04off src images blackbar l2 stars off gif button04on new Image button04on src images blackbar l2 stars on gif button05off new Image button05off src images blackbar l2 tech off gif button05on new Image button05on src images blackbar l2 tech on gif button1off new Image 131 40 button1off src level2 images what is u gif button1on new Image 131 40 button1on src level2 images what is s gif button2off new Image 131 40 button2off src level2 images earth like u gif button2on new Image 131 40 button2on src level2 images earth like s gif button3off new Image 131 40 button3off src level2 images science u gif button3on new Image 131 40 button3on src level2 images science s gif button4off new Image 131 40 button4off src level2 images mission studies u gif button4on new Image 131 40 button4on src level2 images mission studies s gif button5off new Image 131 40 button5off src level2 images technology u gif button5on new Image 131 40 button5on src level2 images technology s gif button6off new Image 131 40 button6off src level2 images library u gif button6on new Image 131 40 button6on src level2 images library s gif Swap rollover buttons function buttonOn imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName on src function buttonOff imgName if rolloversOK eval document imgName src imgName off src END rollover buttons script JPL Home Page JPL Home Page Earth JPL Home Page Solar System JPL Home Page Stars amp Galaxies JPL Home Page Technology Terrestrial Planet Finder TPF Home Page Sitemap What is TPF Earth like Planets nbsp Science nbsp Mission Studies nbsp Technology nbsp Library Terrestrial Planet Finder Book Chapter 8 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Figure 8 1 Figure 8 1a Figure 8 1b Figure 8 1 Browse Image 42 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 6 MB Figure 8 1a Browse Image 107 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 7 MB Figure 8 1b Browse Image 106 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 2 MB Figure 8 2 Figure 8 3 Figure 8 4 Figure 8 2 Browse Image 90 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure 8 3 Browse Image 107 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 9 MB Figure 8 4 Browse Image 104 KB Hi Res TIFF 7 4 MB Figure 8 5 Figure 8 6 Figure 8 7 Figure 8 5 Browse Image 144 KB Hi Res TIFF 2 0 MB Figure 8 6 Browse Image 90 KB Hi Res TIFF 0 3 MB Figure 8 7 Browse Image 101 KB Hi Res TIFF 8 0 MB Back to TPF Book Index Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images Terrestrial Planet Finder Chapter 8 Images TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory TPF Terrestrial Planet Finder NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryThe Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling The Terrestrial Planet Finder project will try to detect terrestrial planets using nulling http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch8 html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery ch8 html 
%%==%%http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_book/gallery/x-x.html%%==%%Terrestrial Planet Finder: Figure x-x%%==%%Figure x-x: ...%%==%%364%%==%%3 Oct 2001%%==%% Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x Terrestrial Planet Finder Figure x x http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery x x html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery x x html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery x x html http planetquest jpl nasa gov TPF tpf book gallery x x html