Subject: Call for proposals re: coral reef conservation projects
Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2002 10:20:45 -0500
From: Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>, CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>,
     corallist <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     _NOAA Coral <noaa.coral@noaa.gov>

** For Distribution **
Funding available for coral reef conservation projects.
Call for proposals from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
(www.nfwf.org).

In partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) and others, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) is
accepting proposals for projects that build public-private partnerships
to reduce
and prevent degradation of coral reefs and associated reef habitats
(e.g. seagrass beds, mangroves etc.). Projects may address causes of
coral reef degradation wherever they occur, from inland areas to coastal
watersheds to the reefs and surrounding marine environment. Proposals
are due April 3, 2002 (no exceptions).  Additional information provided
below.  For application instructions or other information see
http://www.nfwf.org/programs/coralreef.htm or contact Michelle Pico
(pico@nfwf.org).
_____________________________________________
                        FUNDING AVAILABLE FOR CORAL REEF CONSERVATION
PROJECTS

The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) is accepting proposals
for projects that build public-private partnerships to reduce and
prevent degradation of coral reefs and associated reef habitats (e.g.
seagrass beds, mangroves etc.). Projects may address causes of coral
reef degradation wherever they occur, from inland areas to
coastal watersheds to the reefs and surrounding marine environment.
Proposals should support partnerships that provide solutions to specific
problems to help prevent coral reef degradation through one or more of
the following activities:

     Reducing impacts from pollution and sedimentation;
     Reducing impacts from over-harvesting and other fishing activities;

     Reducing impacts of tourism and boating;
     Restoring damaged reefs;
     Increasing community awareness through education and stewardship
activities.

Proposals are due April 3, 2002 (no exceptions).

Background
Coral reefs and their associated habitats are among the most
biologically diverse and complex ecosystems in the world. This
incredible diversity supports economies through activities such as
tourism, fishing, and pharmaceutical production. Despite their
importance, coral reefs are rapidly being degraded and destroyed by a
variety of human impacts such as pollution, overfishing, and physical
disturbance to the reefs.

Priority projects will include those that:

   1.Build public-private partnerships, develop innovative partnerships,
are community-based, involve multiple stakeholders;
   2.Provide solutions to specific problems to reduce and prevent
degradation of coral reefs in the above listed areas;
   3.Are coordinated and consistent with on-going coral reef
conservation initiatives such as International Coral Reef Initiative's
Framework for Action and Renewed Call to
     Action , the U.S. National Action Plan (U.S. Coral Reef Task Force,
State and Territorial coral reef management programs, and U.S. All
Islands Coral Reef Initiative, as appropriate;
   4.Are focused on U.S. domestic, U.S. insular (territorial,
commonwealth), Freely Associated States (Micronesia, Marshall Islands
and Palau), Caribbean or Mesoamerican coral reef ecosystems;
   5.Address an unmet need that will provide direct benefits to coral
reefs;
   6.Target a specific audience and address specific threats with a
hands-on approach.

Awards and Matching Funds
Most grants will be between $10,000 and $50,000. The average grant will
be approximately $25,000. Proposals should describe projects or progress
that can be achieved in a 12 month time period but may be part of a
long-term effort. All projects should include matching funding from
project partners at a minimum ratio of 1:1 - although leverage
ratios of 2:1 are preferred. As most of the grant dollars available for
coral conservation will be federal (U.S. Department of Commerce=s
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), matching contributions
must be from non-federal sources.

Eligible Applicants
Applications will be accepted from U.S. or international non-profit
organizations, academic institutions and government agencies (except
U.S. federal agencies). U.S. federal agencies are encouraged to work
collaboratively with non-federal project partners.

To Apply: Submit application, see below.
Electronic versions of the application form for coral reef conservation
are available below. Applicants will be notified after August 5th as to
the status of their proposal. The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
does not anticipate another call for coral reef conservation proposals
before January of 2003. If you have any questions about the program,
please contact Michelle Pico (pico@nfwf.org).

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Roger Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/OCRM 1305 East West Highway          Pager: 888-995-4334
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4012
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-3155x104
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: Coral Reefs of Brazil: Synthesis of Current Knowledge
Date: Wed, 2 Jan 2002 16:45:10 GMT
From: "Frank KELMO" <F.Kelmo@plymouth.ac.uk>
Organization: University of Plymouth
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Collegues,

Please accept my apologies for this short notice.
Happy New Year, Frank.
-----------------------------------
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Book:
Coral Reefs of Brazil: Synthesis of Current Knowledge
Edited by F.Kelmo & M.Attrill

Scientists working on Brazilian coral reefs are urged to submit a
title and abstract (500 words) written in English.

Proposed themes include: Evolution of reef biota; Advances in
molecular biology and their application to reef sciences; Dynamics
of reef ecosystems in space and time; Natural and anthropogenic
disturbances; Coral diseases; Reef Management; Assessment and
Monitoring; Preservation and Restoration; Reef Fish; Reef geometries
and sea level fluctuations; Corals as recorders of ocean atmospheric
processes;      Coral growth and reef growth; Geological record and
diagenesis.

Submission of a title plus abstract must be transmitted
electronically to fkelmo@plymouth.ac.uk, together with a letter of
intent, by 25 Jan 2002.

Authors of successful abstracts will be required to submit the full
paper by 5 April 2002. This must not exceed 15000 words and photos
must be submitted in TIFF format (instructions to contributors will
be available after acceptance of an abstract). Reviews will be
accepted under invitation only. Authors willing to submit papers
outside the proposed themes must contact the editors prior submission
of an abstract.

Short listed papers will be peer reviewed and the final decision for
publication in the book will rely on the editors' discretion.

Accepted papers must be revised and returned to the editors by 31 July 2002.

If you require any further information contact the editors by email:
fkelmo@plymouth.ac.uk

F.Kelmo
Coral Reef Ecology
Benthic Ecology Research Group
613 Davy Building, University of Plymouth,
Drake Circus, Devon, PL4 8AA
United Kingdom.
Phone: +44 (0)1752 232951 (Lab) +44 (0)870 712 5852 (home)
Fax: +44 (0)1752 232970
E-mail: fkelmo@plymouth.ac.uk
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: spiny lobster growth as indicator of coral reef health.
Date: Thu, 03 Jan 2002 15:59:07 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA Beaufort Lab
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Colleagues,

Anyone having information on studies using spiny lobster growth as an
indicator of overall ecosystem health (coral reefs) and could share that
information I would really appreciate it.  A mark and recapture study is
being considered as part of a research proposal.  Suggestions welcomed!

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)  <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab
  101 Pivers Island Road                     Cellular: 252-725-4794
  Beaufort                                   Fax: 252-728-8740
  North Carolina                             Work: 252-728-8777
  28512
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Bonn
  First Name    Craig
  Version       2.1

Subject: Coral Reef Grant Program Implementation Guidelines Public Comment
Date: Thu, 03 Jan 2002 12:58:23 -1000
From: "Michael P. Hamnett" <hamnett@hawaii.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

A number of folks have asked me where they could locate the request for
public comment on the Coral Reef Grant Program Proposed Implementation
Guidelines for public comment.  I got the following off the NOAA Coral Reef
page.

FYI:  Announcement

            NOAA Publishes Coral Reef Grant Program Proposed
            Implementation Guidelines for Public Comment

            On December 10, 2001, NOAA published Proposed
            Implementation Guidelines for the Coral Reef Conservation
            Grant Program, per the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000.
            The Proposed Guidelines were published in the Federal Register
            for review. Public comments will be accepted until January 14,
            2002.

You can download the following files from this
site:  http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov/

A PDF copy of the Proposed Implementation Guidelines.
A text version of the Proposed Implementation Guidelines.
A PDF copy of the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000.

Michael P. Hamnett, PhD
Director
Social Science Research Institute
Social Sciences Building, Suite 704
University of Hawaii  96822
Phone:  (808) 956-7469
Fax:  (808) 956-2884
e-mail:  hamnett@hawaii.edu

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.


Subject: Job Announcement
Date: Thu, 3 Jan 2002 17:30:59 -0800 (PST)
From: Lolita Penland <lkiruu@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

                               JOB ANNOUNCEMENT
Subject: RE: Craig Bonn posting on spiny lobster growth as an indicator of
     overall ecosystem health?
Date: Fri, 4 Jan 2002 11:19:33 -0500
From: Jack Sobel <jsobel@oceanconservancy.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

While spiny lobster growth studies may have considerable value for a number
of reasons (maybe even as an indicator of overall ecosystem health), their
value as an indicator of overall ecoystem health is not clear to me.  Spiny
lobster abundance, population age and size structure, average age & size,
etc. would seem to have greater value as indicators of overall ecosystem
health, especially given the potentially important role spiny lobsters may
play in structuring coral reef communities and the intense fishery that
exists for them.  How would you evaluate overall ecosystem health based on
spiny lobster growth rates, if successful in assessing them?  Would a high
growth or a low growth rate indicate a "healthy ecosystem"?  A natural,
intact, healthy coral reef ecosystem with abundant, large, and
naturally-structured spiny lobster population might have low growth rates
versus a badly overfished, collapsing, coral reef ecosystem with few adult
lobsters present and altered predator-prey relationships...but which would
you consider healthier?
********************************************************
Jack A. Sobel, Director
Ecosystem Programs
The Ocean Conservancy
1725 DeSales St. NW, Suite #600
Washington, DC  20816
Phone:  (202) 429-5609 or (202) 857-3270
Fax:      (202) 872-0619
Email:  jsobel@oceanconservancy.org
Web:    <http://www.oceanconservancy.org>
********************************************************

Colleagues,

Anyone having information on studies using spiny lobster growth as an
indicator of overall ecosystem health (coral reefs) and could share that
information I would really appreciate it.  A mark and recapture study is
being considered as part of a research proposal.  Suggestions welcomed!

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~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Job Announcement: CORAL Science Fellow
Date: Fri, 04 Jan 2002 10:58:52 -0800
From: Marina Cole <mcole@coral.org>
To: "Majordomo coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT: CORAL Science Fellow

The Coral Reef Alliance: Founded in 1994, the Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is
a member-supported, non-profit organization dedicated to keeping coral reefs
alive around the world. With assistance from over 10,000 supporters, CORAL
promotes coral reef conservation by working with the dive industry,
governments, local communities and other organizations to protect and manage
coral reefs, fund conservation efforts and raise public awareness.

Specific programs include the Coral Parks Program, the recently established
International Coral Reef Information Network (ICRIN) public education
campaign, the Dive Operators Certification Program, the Microgrants Program,
the Bonaire Dive Festival, Dive In To Earth Day, and maintaining an
international network of coral reef conservation groups.  Headquartered in
Berkeley, California, CORAL also has staff in Bonaire and Carlsbad, CA.
Visit CORALs award-winning website at www.coral.org.

POSITION DESCRIPTION: The CORAL Science Fellowship was created with an
Environmental Science Program Grant from Environmental Defense and funding
from the International Coral Reef Action Network, of which CORAL is a
founding member.  The purpose of the fellowship is to provide CORAL with the
state of the science on coral reef ecology and to help translate that data
into powerful conservation messages for non-scientists, both within CORAL
and for general use with CORALs target audiences of divers, other coral
reef organizations, and policy makers.

CORAL is leading a major four-year, global public awareness program on coral
reefs  known as the International Coral Reef Information Network (ICRIN) 
and will be helping hundreds of organizations around the world develop and
distribute their own public awareness materials on coral reefs and will work
with the media to create broad and localized public awareness of coral reef
issues.  The Science Fellow will serve as the scientific expert for these
activities.

The Science Fellow will be supervised by the Executive Director and will
liaise with Dr. Rod Fujita, CORAL Board member and senior scientist at
Environmental Defense as well as other coral reef scientists on the CORAL
Science Advisory Board, which the Science Fellow will create and manage.
During the first year the Science Fellow will:

* Review collected education and outreach materials for errors and gaps and
identify areas where coral reef ngos could be using science more effectively
to advance their arguments. Prepare a report identifying most common
scientific claims, mistakes and gaps and create a list of basic principles
upon which new awareness and education materials should be based;

* Create a CORAL Science Advisory Board, using scientists already on CORALs
Board and Advisory Boards as well as a broad range of noted scientists in
the field;

* Prepare one or two page science briefing papers on important coral reef
issues for important decision-makers in coral reef areas;

* Adapt five science briefing papers to create short stories for media
contacts;

* Assist CORAL staff in maintaining current coral reef scientific
publications and papers for its in-house library;

* Identify areas where further coral reef conservation research is needed
and help identify programs and scientists and graduate students that might
be willing to take on that research.

Qualifications:

Required:
_ A Ph.D. in coral reef ecology;
_ Strong writing skills and an ability to translate scientific jargon into
compelling narrative for the non-scientist;
_ Ability to interact and communicate with multiple constituencies, such as
science advisory board, staff, and other coral reef ngos;
_ Excellent research and library skills;
_ Ability to discern themes and trends and distill into key points.

A plus:
_ Experience in communications or media work;
_ Ability to thrive in a non-profit organization that values teamwork,
cooperation and communication; sense of humor.

Contact:

Jobs
The Coral Reef Alliance
2014 Shattuck Avenue
Berkeley, CA 94704
Fax: 510-848-3720
Email:  jobs@coral.org
(no calls, please)

Ideal Start date:  March 2002

Position Open Until Filled

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: log base for H'
Date: Sat, 5 Jan 2002 14:23:04 +0800
From: "LWSze" <wahszelee@elcee-inst.com.my>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

I have a small question here and would appreciate feed back from
coral-listers:

What is the influence of the base of logarithms used (log10, loge, log2) to
calculate the Shannon's diversity index for coral reefs?  What is the most
appropriate log base to use for Shannon's index?


best wishes,
Wah Sze Lee
Borneo Marine Research Institute
Universiti Malaysia Sabah
LB 2073
88999 KK SABAH
MALAYSIA

Subject: Guidelines for design of artificial reefs - request for
Date: Sat, 05 Jan 2002 11:28:31 +0200
From: nadav shashar <nadavs@cc.huji.ac.il>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

comments
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

In Eilat, Israel- on the northern tip of the Red Sea a plan is going on to
construct an artificial coral reef on some mostly sandy areas (near the
north beach for those who know the area). The main purpose of the
artificial reef is to serve as a divers attraction and to divert pressure
away from natural reefs. Secondary goals are providing shelter and place
to grow for reef organisms and possibly increase biodiversity and
recruitment on natural reefs. A whole set of guidelines are being prepared
as to insure that the artificial reef will not damage the natural
environment, etc. We are planning to put out a call for designers,
architects, students etc. and to place a competition (with prizes) for the
design of the artificial reef or for large units in it. For this I would
like to ask your help in setting the guidelines for this design. Please
note that the main focus of the guidelines is environmental preservation
and safety. Artistic issues for example, are not taken into account.
Please take a look at the following guidelines and comment on them. Please
reply directly to me (no need to bother everybody). I you are interested
in the final copy of these guidelines let me know as well. I thank you all
for your time and effort Sincerely Nadav Shashar

Nadav Shashar  - Ph.D.
The Interuniversity Inst. for Marine Sciences
P.O. Box 469, Eilat, 88103     Israel
Phone: (972)-8- 6360111
Fax: (972)-8-6374329
E-mail: nadavs@cc.huji.ac.il
http://www.iui-eilat.ac.il/nadav.htm
--------------------------------------------

Guidelines for the design of artificial reefs and artificial-reef units

Each unit will be designed, built, and placed such that if needed it can
be taken out of the water using technology and equipment available at the
local area (city, town, etc.). In essence, each unit will come with its
own hook or ring to be used for pulling out attached to it. The funding
for such extraction will be provided and set aside in advance.

The materials used will be only materials PROVEN to have no harmful
effects on the environment and on marine organisms. This applies to
materials themselves and to any breakdown product that can be expected to
occur during the existence of the reef in the water. No oils, antifouling
materials, paints or other coating materials will be used.

Artificial reefs are items planed for existence for generations to come.
Therefore, the design, material, and structure, should be durable for a
long time. For planning proposes, one should plan on durability for 100
years from deployment. This planning should take into consideration
corrosion, effects of storms in the scale that occur at the location of
deployment, boring of animals, etc. The strength of the structure should
account for additional weight by growth of corals on it. Covering of the
structure by corals and other creatures should not be considered as a
strengthening component.

The structure will be complex on multiple levels to provide habitats to a
range of organisms. This complexity means having numerous holes and
crevasses in a range of sizes from 3 cm to 50 cm in diameter, use of
surfaces at different orientations (vertical, horizontal, and slanted at
different directions), use of flat surfaces as well as smaller "wire type"
circular polls, etc. Whenever possible, smooth surfaces should be avoided.

Certain regions of the reef, having high structural complexity, will be
physically blocked away from visitors' (mostly divers) accesses. This is
to provide animals, mainly fish, living on the reef, a refuge from human
intervention.

The reef will be planed to minimize blocking of water currents in its area
and of sand movement near the bottom. Passages and holes will used to
allow water flow through it and if needed it will be placed on stands to
lift it from the bottom. No area or region of the artificial structure
will be blocked from the open water such that to prevent water
circulation.

The design will prevent the accumulation of sediments on it. Slopes,
holes, vertical walls, gaps, etc. will be sued so that sediments will fall
to the bottom of the sea.

Height of the planed structure should be at least 10 m above the bottom.
It should be expected that there would be very limited coral settlement on
the lower 2 m- mainly due to the effects of sand. If the structure is
planed to come close to the water surface- limited if not null coral
settlement and growth should be expected in the top 2 m- due to storms and
waves actions.

The design should be attractive to visitors (divers) from the day of
deployment without depending neither on coral growth nor on fish
populations. This attractiveness should not be reduced or diminished due
to erosion or other long-term effects of being submerged, nor due to
growth of algae, coral or other organisms on it.

Portions of the artificial reef, located at different depths, will have
large horizontal surfaces to allow groups and classes of divers to stand
on, or to perform practices. The artificial reef will be planed to require
no or minimal amount of maintenance, and such that most such maintenance
will be modular.

The reef will be planed and built with outmost concern to safety. All
passages will be designed to prevent divers from being caught in them and
free easy accent should always be available. The design should also take
into account and prevent trapping of sea turtles, dolphins, or other large
animals.

All parts of the reef will be planed and set such that they can be lowered
from a ship/ barge without needed side chains, sinkers or other means that
might negatively affect the surrounding area.

The total area occupied be the artificial reefs will take no more than 20%
of the over all area available for the park, and all of this area will be
considered affected by strong human intervention.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re:Spiny lobster growth as an indicator
Date: Sat, 05 Jan 2002 13:10:42 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA Beaufort Lab
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Thanks all of you for your timely and influential responses.  I also
concur  that perhaps this idea needs to be looked at again.  It was not
mine originally and that is why I asked for your help.  On the other
hand, Im am involved in research that is focusing on several areas
except health, and I did want to include something where we could get
some indication of the overall health of the reef system we are involved
with.  There are numerous methods I would suppose-censusing known
corrallivores for example, but we are limited as to what we can do due
to both depth and bottom times.  This is a Carribean reef and the
average depth of our transect stations is 100'.  Again, suggestions are
welcomed.  One idea that I did have was the mark and recapture of
juvenile fishes using traps.  Pomacentrids, I think, stick pretty much
to their home reef sites and never ventrue very far away as do other
less mobile species.  Of course the presence or non-presence of coral
diseases is something else we could look at.  But determining that from
a 60X4 meter transect using video for example, is that really an
indication of overall health?  You folks are the experts and Im just a
techinician with a real interest.  Thanks

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)  <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab
  101 Pivers Island Road                     Cellular: 252-725-4794
  Beaufort                                   Fax: 252-728-8740
  North Carolina                             Work: 252-728-8777
  28512
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Bonn
  First Name    Craig
  Version       2.1

Subject: Re: log base for H'
Date: Sat, 5 Jan 2002 16:35:50 -0600 (CST)
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: LWSze <wahszelee@elcee-inst.com.my>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

No, it does not matter since they are multiples of each other.  What does
matter is calculating H' the same way as it is calculated for any
other datasets to which you are comparing your results.  Most people use
either log10 or loge.

Regards,

Rich Aronson

On Sat, 5 Jan 2002, LWSze wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> I have a small question here and would appreciate feed back from
> coral-listers:
>
> What is the influence of the base of logarithms used (log10, loge, log2)
to
> calculate the Shannon's diversity index for coral reefs?  What is the most
> appropriate log base to use for Shannon's index?
>
>
> best wishes,
> Wah Sze Lee
> Borneo Marine Research Institute
> Universiti Malaysia Sabah
> LB 2073
> 88999 KK SABAH
> MALAYSIA
>
>
>
>
>
>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: GBR bleaching
Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2002 11:12:04 +1000
From: "Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" <oveh@uq.edu.au>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Jan 5 2002 - checked reef crest after getting reports from tourists of
bleaching
in the intertidal - found bleached corals from intertidal to 10 m at several
sites around Heron Island on the southern Great Barrier Reef.  Rough visual
estimates - approximately 10-20% of the corals on the reef crest and slope
(down
to 10 m) are affected strongly. Acroporas are mainly affected at this point
although there is a general paling of most species. Pocillopora, Stylophora
and
Seriatopora are among the next most affected species. Water temperatures
reveal
that Heron Island is warm - and that we are at least at the broad bleaching
threshold for this region.

Pictures can be seen at:  http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/ohg/gbr-2002/

Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Director, Centre for Marine Studies
University of Queensland
St Lucia, 4072, QLD
Australia
Phone:  +61 07 3365 4333
Fax:       +61 07 3365 4755
Email:    oveh@uq.edu.au

My staff  page:
http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/staff/ohg.html

International students- College at sea on the Great Barrier Reef!
http://www.collegeatsea.marine.uq.edu.au/

Researchers: Visit the Great Barrier Reef Research Stations.
http://www.marine.uq.edu.au/stations.html

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Subject: Sea Anemone Identification
Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2002 15:57:51 -0800 (PST)
From: joseph paul <popychenkavalam@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers,

I am a marine biologist from India interested in
confirming the identity of sea anemones from India.

I have been working along these lines for sometime,
but specific identification has not been achieved.

I would welcome any comment/suggestion/help from
anyone on this issue.

Thanking you

Joseph Paul
popychenkavalam@yahoo.com

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Send FREE video emails in Yahoo! Mail!
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Subject: MAA's standards
Date: Mon, 07 Jan 2002 19:21:34
From: "Juan Torres" <jltorres38@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

>Dear coral-listers:
>Merry Chrstmas to you all from Puerto Rico!
>I am working on the effects of UV radiation on Acropora cervicornis and
>Porites furcata. So far, I have found around 8-9 different mycosporine-like
>amino acids (MAA's) in both species. Among them are:
>Mycosporine-glycine, Mycosporine-2glycine, palythinol, usujirene and
>palythene. Yet, I don't have any standards to prove these are really the
>compounds. I wonder if any of you have some or know of a way of acquiring
>them? Any information will be greatly appreciated.
>Thanks,
>Juan L. Torres
>University of PR, Dept. Marine Sciences
>PO Box 3210
>Lajas, PR 00667
>Ph: (787) 899-7773
>Fax: (787) 899-2630
>
>_________________________________________________________________
>Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com
>
>~~~~~~~
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>digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
>menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>

_________________________________________________________________
Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com

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Subject: What could be bleached?
Date: Tue, 8 Jan 2002 17:11:54 +0930
From: "Gomelyuk, Victor" <victor.gomelyuk@PLMBAY.PWCNT.NT.GOV.AU>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I wander if colleagues would like to share their experiences on bleaching
marine organisms other than corals (but also containing symbiotic
zooxantellae)? I 've noticed bleaching of giant clam and some sea anemone.
Any literature sources on this phenomenon?

Regards,

V.Gomelyuk

Dr Victor E. Gomelyuk
Marine Scientist
Cobourg Marine Park
PO Box 496 PALMERSTON NT 0831 AUSTRALIA
phone 61 (08) 8979 0244
FAX 61 (08) 8979 0246
victor.gomelyuk@plmbay.pwcnt.nt.gov.au

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Subject: Re: What could be bleached?
Date: Tue, 08 Jan 2002 08:42:22 -0500
From: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
Organization: USF College of Marine Science
To: "Gomelyuk, Victor" <victor.gomelyuk@PLMBAY.PWCNT.NT.GOV.AU>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

My students and I have been studying bleaching in reef-dwelling foraminifera
for just over a decade.  We have published a several papers on bleaching and
related symptoms (increased succeptibility to predation, test breakage and
bioerosion, as well as reduced recruitment) in these protists.  Two
dissertations on our data set were defended in the past month, so several
more
papers on our unique long-term data set from Conch Reef (thanks to the
NOAA-NURC-Florida Keys Program) are planned for submission in the near
future.

I will send a list of existing publications directly to Victor.  If anyone
else is interested in the list, please contact me.

If anyone else has published anything on bleaching in reef-dwelling
foraminifera, please let me know.

Pamela Hallock, Professor
College of marine Science
University of South Florida
140 7th Avenue S.
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
pmuller@marine.usf.edu

"Gomelyuk, Victor" wrote:

> I wander if colleagues would like to share their experiences on bleaching
> marine organisms other than corals (but also containing symbiotic
> zooxantellae)? I 've noticed bleaching of giant clam and some sea anemone.
> Any literature sources on this phenomenon?
>
> Regards,
>
> V.Gomelyuk
>
> Dr Victor E. Gomelyuk
> Marine Scientist
> Cobourg Marine Park
> PO Box 496 PALMERSTON NT 0831 AUSTRALIA
> phone 61 (08) 8979 0244
> FAX 61 (08) 8979 0246
> victor.gomelyuk@plmbay.pwcnt.nt.gov.au
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: What could be bleached?
Date: Wed, 9 Jan 2002 10:54:56 +1200
From: "Samisoni Sauni, MSP-USP" <sauni_s@usp.ac.fj>
Organization: USP
To: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Pam:

I am a PhD student and interested in the same list of existing
publications you send to Victor.

Many thanks

Samasoni Sauni

On 8 Jan 02, at 8:42, Pam Muller wrote:

> My students and I have been studying bleaching in reef-dwelling
foraminifera
> for just over a decade.  We have published a several papers on bleaching
and
> related symptoms (increased succeptibility to predation, test breakage and
> bioerosion, as well as reduced recruitment) in these protists.  Two
> dissertations on our data set were defended in the past month, so several
more
> papers on our unique long-term data set from Conch Reef (thanks to the
> NOAA-NURC-Florida Keys Program) are planned for submission in the near
future.
>
> I will send a list of existing publications directly to Victor.  If anyone
> else is interested in the list, please contact me.
>
> If anyone else has published anything on bleaching in reef-dwelling
> foraminifera, please let me know.
>
> Pamela Hallock, Professor
> College of marine Science
> University of South Florida
> 140 7th Avenue S.
> St. Petersburg, FL 33701
> pmuller@marine.usf.edu
>
>
>
> "Gomelyuk, Victor" wrote:
>
> > I wander if colleagues would like to share their experiences on
bleaching
> > marine organisms other than corals (but also containing symbiotic
> > zooxantellae)? I 've noticed bleaching of giant clam and some sea
anemone.
> > Any literature sources on this phenomenon?
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > V.Gomelyuk
> >
> > Dr Victor E. Gomelyuk
> > Marine Scientist
> > Cobourg Marine Park
> > PO Box 496 PALMERSTON NT 0831 AUSTRALIA
> > phone 61 (08) 8979 0244
> > FAX 61 (08) 8979 0246
> > victor.gomelyuk@plmbay.pwcnt.nt.gov.au
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> > menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>

Project Coordinator
Post Harvest & Fisheries Development Project
Marine Studies Program
The University of the South Pacific
PO Box 1168, Suva, Fiji Islands
Tel: 679 212879, 212051
Fax: 679 301490
email: sauni_s@usp.ac.fj
~~~~~~~
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Subject: new address
Date: Wed, 9 Jan 2002 17:57:09 +0100
From: "christine.schoenberg" <christine.schoenberg@mail.uni-oldenburg.de>
To: PORIFERA@JISCMAIL.AC.UK, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
     SKOLITHOS@LISTSERV.REDIRIS.ES

Dear all, I have a new address as of 1.1.2002 (see signature below).

Cheers, Christine

Dr. Christine Schoenberg
Max Planck Institute of Marine Microbiology
Dept. Microsensor Techniques
Celsiusstr. 1
28359 Bremen
GERMANY
ph +421-2028-804    (extension -818 from February onwards)
fax +421-2028-690
cschoenb@mpi-bremen.de

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Subject: Test yourselves!
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2002 17:08:14 +0000
From: "Mark Spalding" <Mark.Spalding@unep-wcmc.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral listers...and especially any involved in educational stuff or with
kids, might be interested to have a go at the following games:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/blueplanet/webs/index.shtml

It was designed to go with the BBC Blue planet film on coral reefs, and I
was very impressed with the quality of the design and accuracy of the
information.

Happy New Year

Mark

__________________________________________

Mark Spalding, PhD
Senior Marine Ecologist
UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre   www.unep-wcmc.org
219 Huntingdon Road                                 Tel: +44 (0)1223 277314
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                  Fax: +44 (0)1223 277136
UK                                    e-mail:mark.spalding@unep-wcmc.org
or
Research Associate
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit
Department of Geography
Downing St
Cambridge
UK

---------------------------------------------------------------
This E-mail and any attachments are private, intended solely for
the use of the addressee. If you are not the intended recipient,
they have been sent to you in error: any use of information in
them is strictly prohibited.

The employer reserves the right to monitor the content of
the message and any reply received.

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Subject: Global Marine Aquarium Database
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2002 17:42:28 +0000
From: "Ed Green" <Ed.Green@unep-wcmc.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is pleased to
announce a new database on the trade in aquarium species, the Global Marine
Aquarium Database. This is available at http://www.unep-wcmc.org/marine/gmad

Users of the Global Marine Aquarium Database will have access to
approximately 50,000 records of trade in live aquarium species and may query
these geographically (e.g. the number of fish exported from the western
Pacific to North America) and taxonomically (e.g. the top ten most traded
families of invertebrates in global trade).

A more detailed description of the database and supporting project follows
below. Further data collection is ongoing and the Global Marine Aquarium
Database is continuously being updated, with the release of the next version
scheduled for April.

Comments, and notification of any errors especially in the names of
invertebrates, would of course be appreciated.

Best fishes,
Ed

Dr. Edmund Green
Head, Marine and Coastal Programme
UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road
Cambridge
CB3 0DL
United Kingdom

Tel: (44) 1223 277314
Fax: (44) 1223 277136

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Since April 2000 the UNEP-WCMC and the Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) have
been collaborating with members of trade associations to establish a Global
Marine Aquarium Database (GMAD) as a freely available source of information
on the global aquarium industry. Our common objective is to centralise,
standardise and provide fast and easy access to information on the aquarium
trade.

Description of GMAD

There is no monitoring or reporting framework for the global aquarium trade.
This means that the best source of quantitative data are the wholesale
import and export companies who link the supply and retail ends of the
business. As a matter of routine business practice companies keep records of
their sales, either as paper copies of their invoices or on company computer
databases. The exact nature of these records varies, but all record the
quantity of any individual species bought or sold, the date of each
transaction and the source or destination of the shipment. Company sales
records are therefore an excellent source of data on marine aquarium species
in trade, and the only source for species not recorded under any other
process (e.g. CITES).

UNEP-WCMC and MAC have established good working relationships with such
companies from all around the world. They have provided us with access to
their sales records which are the core data in GMAD. These data have been
through a careful and methodical period of data conversion (e.g. paper based
records have been computerised) and formatting (e.g. data from different
electronic systems have been placed into a single standardised format). Data
from 45 representative wholesale exporters and importers of marine aquarium
species have been harmonised by this process into a single publicly
available Global Marine Aquarium Database.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

---------------------------------------------------------------
This E-mail and any attachments are private, intended solely for
the use of the addressee. If you are not the intended recipient,
they have been sent to you in error: any use of information in
them is strictly prohibited.

The employer reserves the right to monitor the content of
the message and any reply received.

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Subject: Don'tGiveUpOnU.S.CaribReefFish
Date: Wed, 09 Jan 2002 14:39:17 -0400
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
Reply-To: a_stone@reefkeeper.org
Organization: ReefKeeper International
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

******************************************
*        R E E F  D I S P A T C H        *
*            January 10, 2002            *
* _____________________________________  *
*         ARE WE GOING TO GIVE UP        *
*       ON REBUILDING OVEREXPLOITED      *
*  U.S. CARIBBEAN REEF FISH POPULATIONS? *
******************************************

A Periodic Inside Look at a Coral Reef Issue from
Alexander Stone, ReefGuardian International Director
__________________________________________________

Dear Friend of Coral Reefs:

If you looked at catch statistics showing that your 1999 grouper fishery
landings had shrunk to less than 25% of what they were in 1985, would
you conclude that you were getting maximum sustainable yield from your
fishery? No? The U.S. Caribbean Fishery Management Council has.

If the last scientific analysis of your fishery had found that your reef
fish populations were continuing to be overexploited -- AND declining
landing trends since then confirmed that finding -- would you adopt
catch level rules that legitimized that status quo and doomed your
snapper and grouper stocks to depleted conditions? No?  The U.S.
Caribbean Fishery Management Council just did.

Is this what the situation must come to?  Do we have to throw up our
hands, give up on rebuilding our reef fish stocks to abundant levels,
and just hope we can keep the stocks from sliding any further down their
depletion path?  ReefGuardian says no.  And I hope you will say no too.

ReefGuardian International is challenging those proposed new reef fish
catch level rules for the U.S. Caribbean. We've formally petitioned the
National Marine Fisheries Service to reject them. And we're asking
groups and individuals to sign on to a rejection petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFish/PetitionUSC.html.
I hope you will do so.

The U.S. Caribbean Fishery Management Council recently approved new
levels of reef fish catch and fishing mortality to meet the Council's
legal requirements under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
Management Act.  Under this federal law, fish stocks must be managed to
prevent overfishing, end overfishing where it is occurring, and
institute rebuilding plans for species that are overfished. Instead of
doing that, the approved reef fish catch levels would legitimize present
depleted reef fish populations and promote overfishing.

The National Marine Fisheries Service, the federal agency ultimately
responsible to Congress for overseeing Council actions and managing U.S.
fisheries, is reviewing those reef fish catch levels for possible
implementation in 2002.  ReefGuardian has formally petitioned the
National Marine Fisheries Service to reject the catch levels, which are
contained in proposed Amendment 3 to the Fishery Management Plan for the
Reef Fish Fishery of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

ReefGuardian has presented 3 major complaints against the proposed reef
fish catch rules, which you can read in full at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFish/MoreInfoUSC.html

The fishery's latest stock assessment report, prepared by the Council's
own Scientific and Statistical Committee, concludes that "...there is
reasonable evidence to suggest that many [reef fish] species continue to
be overexploited."  This is the best scientific information available
for this fishery.  Under the Magnuson-Stevens Act, the proposed reef
fish catch rules violate National Standard Two of the Act by not being
based on that best scientific information available.

The Council assumed -- without providing any basis for the assumption --
that current catch rates and current reef fish population sizes are both
at Maximum Sustainable Yield levels.  That the evidence points to
overfishing was not even considered. Under the Magnuson-Stevens Act,
that means that the proposed reef fish catch rules violate National
Standard One of the Act because they will not prevent overfishing.

The Council approved the proposed reef fish catch rules without
presenting and evaluating ACTIONABLE alternative management measures
that could be compared against the proposed reef fish catch rules. And
that means that the National Environmental Policy Act was violated
because the Act requires that the Council consider a reasonable range of
actionable alternatives to any actions they propose.

It would be an understatement to say that I am flabbergasted by the
Council's actions. ReefGuardian warned Council staff and voting members
of these legal shortcomings not once but FOUR different times between
the first airing of the draft rules in June and the Council's approval
vote in August.  We are shocked and outraged. And I think you should be
too.

We're doing the only thing we can do.  ReefGuardian International is
asking the National Marine Fisheries Service to immediately reject
Amendment 3 and its reef fish catch rules, and to direct the U.S.
Caribbean Fishery Management Council to begin development at once of
true sustainable catch rules for U.S. Caribbean reef fish.

I hope you'll join us in this demand by signing the petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFish/PetitionUSC.html

Thanks for caring,

Alexander Stone
Executive Director
ReefGuardian International
***************************
http://www.reefguardian.org
***************************
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Grad. Program Info Request
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 00:21:50 +0000
From: "jenny kauffman" <jenny_kauffman@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings Coral-List,

I am currently looking for Graduate School Programs or specific professors
who specialize in Coral Reef Restoration / Coastal Habitat Restoration.  If
anyone has any reccomendations that would be greatly appricieated.

Cheers, Jennifer Kauffman

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: Click Here
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
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then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Global Marine Aquarium Database - correction to url
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 07:58:17 +0000
From: "Ed Green" <Ed.Green@unep-wcmc.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Global Marine Aquarium Database - correction to url

There is an error in the link I circulated yesterday:

Correct link http://www.unep-wcmc.org/marine/GMAD/ (ie GMAD in upper case)

My apologies for any confusion,

Ed

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

The UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is pleased to
announce a new database on the trade in aquarium species, the Global Marine
Aquarium Database. This is available at http://www.unep-wcmc.org/marine/gmad

Users of the Global Marine Aquarium Database will have access to
approximately 50,000 records of trade in live aquarium species and may query
these geographically (e.g. the number of fish exported from the western
Pacific to North America) and taxonomically (e.g. the top ten most traded
families of invertebrates in global trade).

A more detailed description of the database and supporting project follows
below. Further data collection is ongoing and the Global Marine Aquarium
Database is continuously being updated, with the release of the next version
scheduled for April.

Comments, and notification of any errors especially in the names of
invertebrates, would of course be appreciated.

Best fishes,
Ed

Dr. Edmund Green
Head, Marine and Coastal Programme
UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road
Cambridge
CB3 0DL
United Kingdom

Tel: (44) 1223 277314
Fax: (44) 1223 277136

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Since April 2000 the UNEP-WCMC and the Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) have
been collaborating with members of trade associations to establish a Global
Marine Aquarium Database (GMAD) as a freely available source of information
on the global aquarium industry. Our common objective is to centralise,
standardise and provide fast and easy access to information on the aquarium
trade.

Description of GMAD

There is no monitoring or reporting framework for the global aquarium trade.
This means that the best source of quantitative data are the wholesale
import and export companies who link the supply and retail ends of the
business. As a matter of routine business practice companies keep records of
their sales, either as paper copies of their invoices or on company computer
databases. The exact nature of these records varies, but all record the
quantity of any individual species bought or sold, the date of each
transaction and the source or destination of the shipment. Company sales
records are therefore an excellent source of data on marine aquarium species
in trade, and the only source for species not recorded under any other
process (e.g. CITES).

UNEP-WCMC and MAC have established good working relationships with such
companies from all around the world. They have provided us with access to
their sales records which are the core data in GMAD. These data have been
through a careful and methodical period of data conversion (e.g. paper based
records have been computerised) and formatting (e.g. data from different
electronic systems have been placed into a single standardised format). Data
from 45 representative wholesale exporters and importers of marine aquarium
species have been harmonised by this process into a single publicly
available Global Marine Aquarium Database.

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

---------------------------------------------------------------
This E-mail and any attachments are private, intended solely for
the use of the addressee. If you are not the intended recipient,
they have been sent to you in error: any use of information in
them is strictly prohibited.

The employer reserves the right to monitor the content of
the message and any reply received.

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: Grad. Program Info Request
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 10:23:30 +0100
From: kochzius@uni-bremen.de
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Jenny!

Take a look at the webpage of ISATEC (International Studies in Aquatic
Tropical Ecology): http://www.isatec.uni-bremen.de/
This MSc study programme is run by the Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology
and the University of Bremen.

Best fishes

Marc

At 00:21 10.01.02 +0000, you wrote:

>Greetings Coral-List,
>
>I am currently looking for Graduate School Programs or specific professors
>who specialize in Coral Reef Restoration / Coastal Habitat
>Restoration.  If anyone has any reccomendations that would be greatly
>appricieated.
>
>Cheers, Jennifer Kauffman
>
>
>----------
>Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: Click Here
>~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
>the digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the menu
>bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

 ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
Marc Kochzius
Zentrum fuer Marine Tropenoekologie (ZMT)
Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology
University of Bremen
Fahrenheitstr. 6
28359 Bremen
Germany

Tel.:+49 +421 23800-57 (Office) please note new number!
      +49 +421 218-7679 (Lab)
      +49 +421 23800-21 (ZMT Secretary)
Fax: +49 +421 23800-30 or -40

ZMT Webpage:  www.zmt.uni-bremen.de
Reef Webpage: www.oceanium.de
<>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <><

~~~~~~~
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Subject: call for papers - Cambridge2002
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 11:19:16 -0000
From: "Chris Perry" <c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Cambridge2002-call for papers
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 16:47:13 GMT
From: "Chris T Perry" <C.T.Perry@mmu.ac.uk>
Organization: Manchester Metropolitan University
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Apologies for those who could not read this the first time due to
overwrite. Hope this now all makes sense!
Chris

European Meeting of the International Society for Reef Studies,
Cambridge, UK, 4 - 7th September 2002

Call for papers:

Below is a call for papers for a thematic session on Marginal and
non-reef building coral environments to be run at the European
Meeting of the ISRS in Cambridge (September 2002). See website
at:www.isrs2002.org

If you are interested in contributing to this session please contact
either Chris Perry or Piers Larcombe (contacts below).

Thematic session - Marginal and non-reef building coral environments

Coral reef communities occupying low latitude, warm, clear-water
settings are typically associated with the development of spatially
and bathymetrically significant reef structures. Coral communities may
occur to depths of 80+ m, and at shallow sites may exhibit rapid net
accretion rates. There is, however, a growing recognition that many
tropical coral communities also occur outside of these optimal
environmental settings. These include;

high latitude environments

high turbidity sites

fluvially-influenced sites

upwelling-influenced areas

high salinity settings

Under these varied marginal conditions, reef framework is often either
restricted or, in extreme cases, entirely absent. These settings are,
however, of significant interest from both biological and geological
perspectives since they emphasise the highly variable nature of reef
and coral community structure. They may still harbour an important
array of tropical coral-related species and are often locally
important from socio-economic perspectives. In addition, the marginal
nature of such reefs (perhaps close to the environmental thresholds
for coral survival) may make such sites particularly susceptible to
environmental disturbance and climatic change. From the geological
perspective there are interesting questions relating to the nature of
marginal reef growth, their accumulation potential and the processes
of carbonate cycling (including bioerosion, encrustation etc). Such
marginal sites may also have potential as appropriate analogues for
the highly diverse coral-dominated settings that are preserved in the
fossil record.

The aim of this thematic session is to bring together researchers from
a wide range of disciplines (oceanography, ecology, geology,
conservation, management) to discuss the varied character, processes
and issues relevant to more marginal coral-dominated settings.
Potential topics might include (but are not limited to);

Geological evolution and significance
Sedimentary settings
Species assemblages and ecological significance
Coral physiology
Environmental disturbance
Management and conservation
Abstracts and expressions of interest for talks or posters should be
sent to the session convenors. Abstracts should follow the format
specified on the meeting website: www.isrs2002.org Dr Chris Perry

Dept. of Env & Geog Sciences,
Manchester Metropolitan University
E-mail: c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk

Dr Piers Larcombe

School of Earth Sciences,
James Cook University,

E-mail: piers.larcombe@jcu.edu.au

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: GBR - Early signs of Bleaching
Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2002 13:19:00 -0500
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: Ingrid Guch <Ingrid.Guch@noaa.gov>,
     "Dr. Marguerite Toscano" <Marguerite.Toscano@noaa.gov>,
     Gang Liu <Gang.Liu@noaa.gov>, Felipe Arzayus <Felipe.Arzayus@noaa.gov>,
     "Dr. Marie Colton" <Marie.Colton@noaa.gov>,
     Mary Glackin <Mary.Glackin@noaa.gov>,
     William Skirving <w.skirving@aims.gov.au>,
     Ray Berkelmans <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>,
     Terry Done <TDone@aims.gov.au>, Jamie Oliver <J.Oliver@cgiar.org>,
     "Roger B. Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>,
     Art Paterson <Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov>,
     Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>, Sapna Batish <Sapna.Batish@noaa.gov>,
     Janice Sessing <Janice.Sessing@noaa.gov>,
     Patricia Viets <Patricia.Viets@noaa.gov>

BLEACHING NOTE

- Great Barrier Reef shows first signs of bleaching -

Today NOAA has issued a press release:

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s849.htm

discussing a possible El Nino event that may be in the making for later
this year.
At the beginning of this week Australia's Great Barrier Reef Marine Park

Authority (GBRMPA) issued a news release noting that: "A collaborative
research program between the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
(GBRMPA), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) and the US
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has detected
unusually warm water conditions on the Great Barrier Reef, conditions
which could lead to coral bleaching."  Their WebSite information can be
seen at:

http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/bleaching/index.html

and our latest HotSpots and Degree Heating Weeks for that area are found
at:

http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotese.gif
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhwp.1.8.2002.gif

The GBRMPA news release notes: "Coral bleaching expert, Professor Ove
Hoegh-Guldberg from the University of Queensland, has already observed
early signs of bleaching on the GBR." - Heron Island -

The only other areas presently threatened by bleaching at this time,
based on
our HotSpot and DHW charts are in the vicinity of Papua New Guinea and
Samoa (including American Samoa - where the NOAA Marine Sanctuary
Director notes some paling has been observed within the past week).

AE Strong
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Acting Chief, Oceanic Research & Applications Division
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 443-822-3668
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8108
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1

Subject: coral sampling
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 09:16:04 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA Beaufort Lab
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral-listers,

What is the latest and best method now being used to mitigate damage done to
corals when a sample is taken.  In other words, when taking a 50cm2   sample
from the skirt of a Montastrea colony, what is the latest method being used
to repair the site where the sample was taken from?

Thanks

Craig S. Bonn

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)  <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab
  101 Pivers Island Road                     Cellular: 252-725-4794
  Beaufort                                   Fax: 252-728-8740
  North Carolina                             Work: 252-728-8777
  28512
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Bonn
  First Name    Craig
  Version       2.1

Subject: legal definition of a reef
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 18:41:59 +0000
From: "Sabine Goetz" <eco_project_10@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

>Dear coral-listers,
>we are a group of biologists in Tobago, doing some research on artificial
>reefs.Because we are not sure if its legal to use the term "reef" for our
>project, it would be very interesting to know, if there exists a legal and
>
>clear (biological,nautical or geological) definition. Maybe somebody knows
>a proper definition of this term.It would be very
>nice if you answered us per e-mail.
>Thanks in advance
>   Sabine Goetz
>

_________________________________________________________________
Testen Sie MSN Messenger fr Ihren Online-Chat mit Freunden:
http://messenger.msn.de

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Subject: Re: legal definition of a reef
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 17:17:02 -0600
From: "Bob Buddemeier" <buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu>
Organization: KGS
To: Sabine Goetz <eco_project_10@hotmail.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

There are many definitions of  'reef' in all of the categories mentioned.  A
few are 'clear,' whether or not any are 'proper' depends on the user and
intended usage, and 'legal' is strictly a matter of the political
jurisdiction
concerned -- some may have legal definitions of reefs, most probably don't.

For a recent summary review of reef definitions and their characteristics
(with
references), see: Kleypas, J.A., Buddemeier, R.W. and Gattuso, J.-P., 2001.
Defining 'coral reef' for the age of global change. International Journal of
Earth Sciences, 90: 426-437.

The most important recommendation to all serious (scientific, managerial or
regulatory) users of the term is to NOT assume that you understand what
somebody else means by the term, or that they will understand you, but to
provide and ask for explicit definitions.

Bob Buddemeier

Sabine Goetz wrote:

> >Dear coral-listers,
> >we are a group of biologists in Tobago, doing some research on artificial
> >reefs.Because we are not sure if its legal to use the term "reef" for our
> >project, it would be very interesting to know, if there exists a legal
and
> >
> >clear (biological,nautical or geological) definition. Maybe somebody
knows
> >a proper definition of this term.It would be very
> >nice if you answered us per e-mail.
> >Thanks in advance
> >   Sabine Goetz
> >
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Testen Sie MSN Messenger fr Ihren Online-Chat mit Freunden:
> http://messenger.msn.de
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Avenue
Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
Ph (1) (785) 864-2112
Fax (1) (785) 864-5317
e-mail:  buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: legal definition of a reef
Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2002 16:56:59 -0800
From: Karl Fellenius <karlf@sfu.ca>
To: Sabine Goetz <eco_project_10@hotmail.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Last year there was some discussion on CORAL on legal definitions of coral
reefs (January) and deepwater corals (May) that might be of use for the
current thread. I've copied a couple of the posts below that I kept, but the
rest should be available through the archives.

Karl Fellenius
School of Resource & Environmental Management
8888 University Drive, Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, http://www.rem.sfu.ca

Bob Buddemeier wrote:

> There are many definitions of  'reef' in all of the categories mentioned.
> A
> few are 'clear,' whether or not any are 'proper' depends on the user and
> intended usage, and 'legal' is strictly a matter of the political
> jurisdiction
> concerned -- some may have legal definitions of reefs, most probably
> don't.
>
> For a recent summary review of reef definitions and their characteristics
> (with
> references), see: Kleypas, J.A., Buddemeier, R.W. and Gattuso, J.-P.,
> 2001.
> Defining 'coral reef' for the age of global change. International Journal
> of
> Earth Sciences, 90: 426-437.
>
> The most important recommendation to all serious (scientific, managerial
> or
> regulatory) users of the term is to NOT assume that you understand what
> somebody else means by the term, or that they will understand you, but to
> provide and ask for explicit definitions.
>
> Bob Buddemeier
>
> Sabine Goetz wrote:
>
> > >Dear coral-listers,
> > >we are a group of biologists in Tobago, doing some research on
> artificial
> > >reefs.Because we are not sure if its legal to use the term "reef" for
> our
> > >project, it would be very interesting to know, if there exists a legal
> and
> > >
> > >clear (biological,nautical or geological) definition. Maybe somebody
> knows
> > >a proper definition of this term.It would be very
> > >nice if you answered us per e-mail.
> > >Thanks in advance
> > >   Sabine Goetz
> > >

----

> >Subject:
>        RE: "Legal" definition of a coral reef?
>    Date:
>        Sat, 13 Jan 2001 22:25:05 -0500
>    From:
>        "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
>     To:
>        "Nani Kai" <nanikai@makapuu.com>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>
> Here is my draft definition for an article in an encyclopedia that will
> come
> out next year.
> 'The term "coral reef" commonly refers to a marine ecosystem in which a
> prominent ecological functional role is played by scleractinian corals. A
> "structural coral reef" differs from a "non-structural coral community" in
>
> being associated with a geomorphologically significant calcium carbonate
> (limestone) structure of meters to hundreds of meters height above
> surrounding substrate, deposited by components of a coral reef ecosystem.
> The term "coral reef" is often applied to both types of ecosystem or their
>
> fossil remains, although many scientists, especially geomorphologists,
> reserve the term for structural coral reefs and their underlying
> limestone.'
>
> The limits on what is and is not a part of a given coral community can be
> more difficult to define than most people realize. In the worst case, one
> has scattered clumps of coral that gradually become increasingly dense
> toward a central area. Some worn footpaths through grass have the same
> character. Defining the width of the path can be challenging. The
> situation
> is similar to that of defining the length of a coastline. In a general
> sense, there is no right answer. One can only define the length of the
> coastline in terms of a particular choice of measuring stick.
> Alternatively,
> one can describe the coastline in terms of fractals, although this is
> useful
> only for certain purposes. Similarly, one could choose a density for
> delineating the coral patch, but one would have to couple it with a
> particular way (especially scale) of measuring the density (or set of
> scales
> or fractal index).
>
> Given the above definition, the depth would not matter. Some people like
> terms such as bioherm, but but most people would tend to think of a
> bioherm
> as a form of the popular concept of a coral reef. I don't mind the use of
> the term, as long as it is clearly defined when used. I think the
> 'wave-breaking" concept should be dropped entirely from coral reef
> definitions, and we should accept that the term "coral reef" should imply
> little or no relationship to the unqualified nautical term "reef". That
> gets
> us around having to define two nearly identical ecological -
> geomorphological constructions as different just because one has sunk a
> few
> meters lower than the other (e.g. the Palawan subsurface "barrier coral
> reef
> system", which looks much like the GBR but rarely comes to within 10 m of
> the surface).
>
>
> John
>
> _________________________________________________________
>
> John W. McManus, PhD
> Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
> University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
> Miami, Florida 33149.
> jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
> Tel. (305) 361-4609
> Fax (305) 361-4600
>
>  -----Original Message-----
> From:   owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]  On Behalf Of Nani Kai
> Sent:   Monday, January 08, 2001 6:03 PM
> To:     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject:        "Legal" definition of a coral reef?
>
> A simple question;  What IS a coral reef?  Or perhaps more importantly,
> what is it Not?  (But first let me say that I did review the discussion on
>
> "what is a reef" in last May's coral-list.)
>
> With the great amount of attention that coral reefs have received in the
> past few years, regulators are (at last!) coming to the realization that
> our
> precious marine resources need protection.  My concern is that this
> pendulum
> of regulation may be swinging a bit too far to the left.  I think that
> everyone reading this list would agree that coral reefs represent a
> resource
> that merits our protection.  I don't think, however, that everyone would
> agree specifically about how to define the "coral reef" that we are trying
>
> to protect.
>
> A "reef" may be clearly defined in strictly nautical terms as it relates
> to ship traffic without any reference to corals or other living marine
> resources.  Similarly "coral" (or coral communities) may be appropriately
> defined in biological terms leaving little room for academic argument.
> It is only as the terms are combined that an increased level of meaning
> emerges in the definition to include an interwoven ecological matrix of
> habitat complexity, species diversity, and fragility.  But with the
> increasing presence of regulators and lawyers dealing with coral reef
> issues we are rapidly approaching a time where a working (read: legal)
> definition of a "coral reef" will be necessary.
>
> Please consider the following two situations.
>
> Given a flat basalt substrate in 10 meters (just below keel depth) of
> water,
> at what coral density does a 1 hectare area become a coral reef?  Does
> surface rugosity, species composition, or colony age play a role in this
> designation?
>
> Given a shoreline area, depth from 0 to 2 meters, within 50 feet of shore,
>
> do the same definitions apply?
>
> Please forward any answers or comments directly to the list.
>
> I'll do what I can to follow up with a summary to see if we can develop a
> consensus definition.

--

> Subject:
>           Re: deepwater coral "reefs"?
>      Date:
>           Thu, 01 Jun 2000 07:28:56 -0700
>      From:
>           pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu (pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu)
>        To:
>           szmanta@uncwil.edu
>        CC:
>           erichugo@aol.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>  References:
>           1 , 2
>
> I concur wholeheartedly with Alina and would add a couple of small
> details.
>
> A coral is either zooxanthellate or azooxanthellate in most cases (one can
>
> find exceptions to any "rule").  However, a coral is not inherently
> "hermatypic" or "ahermatypic".  Rather, whether coral can accrete
> limestone faster than it is eroded away or buried by a variety of
> processes is a function of the environment, in addition to the organism's
> accretion potential.  For example, Montastrea spp. are hermatypic in the
> Caribbean, but not on the West Florida Shelf.  There are also many local
> environments in the Caribbean where Montastrea can live but not construct
> bioherms.
>
> This distinction is critical to conservation efforts, because a management
>
> decision to maintain environmental conditions that can support survival of
>
> Montastrea, for example, could be quite different than a management
> decision to maintain environmental conditions that can support reef
> (meaning "bioherm") development.
>
> Pamela Hallock Muller, Professor
> Department of Marine Science
> University of South Florida
>
> "Alina M. Szmant" wrote:
>
> >> Eric:
> >>
> >> The definition of a bioherm is a herm (mound) made by living organisms.
>
> >It can be located in shallow, deep, or intermediate depths. Again, a
> >"reef" is "a chain of rocks or ridge of sand at or near the surface of
> >water" or "a hazardous obstruction" (Webster's New Collegiate
> >Dictionary). Neither has anything to do with corals or zooxanthellae
> >specifically.
> >>
> >> Coral reefs are bioherms or reefs made by corals and associated
> >organisms. For the most part, hermatypic corals have zooxanthellae, but
> >many zooxanthellate corals either do not live on or form reefs, or live
> >on reefs but are not really a major contributor to reef formation (e.g.
> >Favia fragum...).
> >>
> >> The confusion in terminology is due (1) to the misconception that
> >hermatypic means zooxanthellae-containing, and (2) that everyplace there
> >is coral there is a coral reef. Corals can have high cover on a volcanic
> >substrate but that doesn't make it a coral reef in my opinion unless
> >there has been carbonate accretion over the volcanic substrate. Further,
> >in places like Florida, there is some coral cover over exposed
> >Pleistocene reef substrate, which locally are considered coral reefs (as
> >opposed to a coral community growing over a fossil reef). Everyone wants
> >to have a coral reef in their back yard and many systems that are not
> >true "coral reefs" are being called by that name.
> >>
> >> With regard to "deepwater" coral reefs, the only ones that would fit a
> >strict definition would be ones that were drowned (e.g. Conrad Neumann's
> >give-up reefs). Catch-up reefs would also fit since they are usually grow
>
> >into shallow water. As ships get bigger and have deeper hulls, I guess
> >the "dangerous obstruction" part of the reef definition would include
> >deeper water coral reefs that big ships could run into. If we include
> >submarines, then all depths are fair game....
> >>
> >> Anyway, that is how I analyze the terminology based on first principles
>
> >and dictionaries.
> >>
> >> Alina Szmant
> >>
> >> 53 AM 05/27/2000 -0400, EricHugo@aol.com wrote:
> >> >Hi Alina and coral-list:
> >> >
> >> >Is there a point when a correct usage of "bioherm" over "reef" for
> such
> >> >structures became semantically favored? I ask because I find the
> >following
> >> >perhaps relevant:
> >> >
> >> >Coates, Anthony G. and Jeremy B.C. Jackson. 1987. Clonal growth, algal
>
> >> >symbiosis, and reef formation by corals. Paleobiology 13(4) 363-378.
> >> >
> >> >(I will not quote directly to avoid copyright concerns, although I
> >also hope
> >> >that the authors will point out if my translation is incorrect or
> >improper,
> >> >although I maintain the textual use of the word "reef" and "bioherm"
> ).
> >> >
> >> >"Rugosan corals that formed reefs likely lacked zooxanthellae because
> >of
> >> >morphological evidence. Most zooxanthellate corals today and in the
> >fossil
> >> >record contribute to reef formation, but many others are ahermatypic.
> >Recent
> >> >reef formation has little to do with being zooxanthellate but depends
> >on
> >> >environmental factors. Using morphology to indicate the presence of
> >> >zooxanthellae, there exist recent deepwater analogues to the shallow
> >water
> >> >azooxanthellate Devonian Edgecliff Bioherm. "
> >> >
> >> >Here we have a concatination of terms, distribution, history, and
> >ecology
> >> >that makes this thread all the more intriguing.
> >> >
> >> >Thanks for the clarification
> >> >
> >> >Eric Borneman
> >> >
> >> >
> >> *******************************************************************
> >> NOTE NEW ADDRESS:
> >>
> >> Dr. Alina M. Szmant
> >> Coral Reef Research Group
> >> Professor of Biology
> >> Center for Marine Science
> >> University of North Carolina at Wilmington
> >> 1 Marvin K. Moss Lane
> >> Wilmington NC 28409
> >> tel: (910)962-2362 fax: (910)962-2410
> >> email: szmanta@uncwil.edu
> >> http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
> >> ******************************************************************
>
>



Subject: Impact of flooding the Macal River Valley?
Date: Sun, 13 Jan 2002 21:30:05 -0600
From: "Doug Kent" <dkent@austin.rr.com>
To: "Coral" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Fortis, a Canadian logging company is trying to dam and flood 20 miles the
Macal River Valley in Belize (see http://www.savebiogems.org/macal/).

Any idea whether and how this might affect coral reef ecosystems in Belize?

Thanks.
Doug Kent


Subject: Re: legal definition of a reef
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 12:04:30 +0000
From: "Mark Spalding" <Mark.Spalding@unep-wcmc.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The new World Atlas of Coral Reefs provides a simple definition which may be
of use:

A reef is "a physical structure which has been built up, and continues to
grow over decadal time-scales, as a result of the accumulation of calcium
carbonate laid down by hermatypic corals and other organisms."

This definition tries to get in:
- physical structure
- living components
- a reef may go through dramatic events such as Acanthaster plagues, but is
still a reef
- corals are critical, but often not the only components.

Of course under this definition there remain a lot of important coral
communities which are not coral reefs, and also some dead eroding structures
which WERE coral reefs.

Cheers

__________________________________________

Mark Spalding, PhD
Senior Marine Ecologist
UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre   www.unep-wcmc.org
219 Huntingdon Road                                 Tel: +44 (0)1223 277314
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                  Fax: +44 (0)1223 277136
UK                                    e-mail:mark.spalding@unep-wcmc.org
or
Research Associate
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit
Department of Geography
Downing St
Cambridge
UK

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Subject: Re: Impact of flooding the Macal River Valley?
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 09:11:06 -0500
From: "Jonathan Kelsey" <Jonathan.Kelsey@noaa.gov>
Organization: OCRM/CPD
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Doug -
I spent two years working on coral reefs in Belize as a Peace Corps
volunteer.  This Macal Valley is truly an amazing place.  I would urge as
many people as possible to submit letters to Fortis.  This project will
affect one-of-a-kind ecosystems beyond the river valley and reef, such as
the Crooked Tree migratory bird sanctuary, a Belize Audubon Society
sanctuary for the endangered Jabiru Stork, among untold others.  Not to
mention nearshore manatee habitats and on, and on.

I find it interesting that the letters are going to Fortis in Newfoundland,
a place where another brand of large-scale manipulation of an ecosystem for
"development's" sake ended up in catastrophe.

Please take a minute and submit a letter.

Jonathan Kelsey*



Doug Kent wrote:

>  Fortis, a Canadian logging company is trying to dam and flood 20 miles
> the Macal River Valley in Belize (see
> http://www.savebiogems.org/macal/). Any idea whether and how this might
> affect coral reef ecosystems in Belize?Thanks.Doug Kent

--
Jonathan D. Kelsey
*views are not representative of NOAA or the Department of Commerce
Coastal Management Specialist, Pacific Region
NOAA/NOS/Coastal Programs Division
1305 East-West Highway, 11th Floor, N/ORM3
Silver Spring, MD  20910
Phone: (301) 713-3155 x137   Fax: (301) 713-4367


Subject: Coral reef trade publication
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 09:21:13 -0500
From: "Alan Bornbusch" <abornbus@aaas.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: <BBest@usaid.gov>

Report Published on Global Trade and Coral Reef Conservation

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) announces the
publication of "Global Trade and Consumer Choices: Coral Reefs in Crisis."
This report features five papers by experts on the global trade in coral
reef species and coral reef conservation.  They analyze the causes and
consequences of global trade in coral reef animals; the role of the U.S. as
both a major importer and leader in trade and conservation efforts; and
present solutions to reduce the negative impacts of trade on these unique
ecosystems while promoting long-term benefits to local communities through
sustainable resource use.  The report highlights the fact that an equitable
and sustainable response to the trade threat will require that all remedies
be pursued, engaging communities, exporters and importers, governments,
non-governmental organizations, consumers, scientists, and international
institutions.

"Global Trade and Consumer Choices: Coral Reefs in Crisis" is available on
the Worldwide Web at http://www.aaas.org/international/ssa/coralreefs

Copies may also be obtained from:

Africa Program
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
1200 New York Avenue, NW
Washington, D.C. 20005, USA
Telephone: USA +1-202-326-6651
Fax: USA +1-202-289-4958
Email: africa@aaas.org
Internet: http://www.aaas.org/international/ssa

Alan H. Bornbusch, Ph.D.
Director, Africa Program
Directorate for International Programs
American Association for the Advancement of Science
1200 New York Ave., NW
Washington, D.C. 20005
Tel. 202-326-6651/6650
Mobile 202-390-4946
Fax 202-289-4958
email: abornbus@aaas.org

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Lifespan of a polyp
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 08:51:46 -0800 (PST)
From: Melissa Keyes <mekvinga@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list-daily <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

  Hello, all,

  I was asked, "Does a coral polyp die of old age?"

  I believe it's one critter that could live indefinitely.  Have there been
any papers on this?

  Cheers,

  Melissa Keyes

  St. Croix, USVI



  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Subject: Re: legal definition of a reef
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 12:54:50 -0500
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: "Mark Spalding" <Mark.Spalding@unep-wcmc.org>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi. I have watched this debate with some interest, finally am prompted to
respond.

There is a 40-year-old (at least) definition of "reef", used by geologists:
a reef is "a biologically-constructed, wave-resistant framework." That
worked then, it still works. Five words.

The one you cite is misleading (as well as being way too long). Although
most reefs de facto last decades, that is not a prerequisite. Non-obligatory
descriptors do not belong in definitions. One example: the reef that Tom
Tomascik described in Coral Reefs that was constructed within 5 years on an
Indonesian lava flow was certainly a reef, is one now, and will have been
one even if slain in its 6th year by dynamite-fishing.

As to whether those deep-water, hydrocarbon-nourished Lophelia-built
"things" off Norway are "reefs"-that's an interesting question. I don't even
think we need be constrained in our thinking to CaCO3 reefs. I can imagine a
submersible program, somewhere on the west coast, running into huge
accumulations of Geoidea's...all SiO2. Could happen. (And, of course, many
ancient reefs had lots of siliceous critters, but not the main
constructors.)

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Coral sampling
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 14:20:52 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA Beaufort Lab
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Someone suggested the use of modeling clay that is resistant to salt
water as a method for the repair of injuries to corals from the taking
of small samples.  I dont really think repair is the right terminology
to use, I think perhaps the use of something like clay to patch over
sites were samples have been removed  from corals may help to retard
invasion by microbes.  Any thoughts on this and does anyone know of
another method??

Thanks

Craig S. Bonn

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)  <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab
  101 Pivers Island Road                     Cellular: 252-725-4794
  Beaufort                                   Fax: 252-728-8740
  North Carolina                             Work: 252-728-8777
  28512
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Bonn
  First Name    Craig
  Version       2.1

Subject: IGOS Coral Reef Sub-Theme Theme - Call for participation in a que
     stionnaire
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 19:11:03 -0800
From: Jamie Oliver <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Colleagues

On 8 November last year, the Partners in the Integrated Global Observing
System (IGOS) at their meeting in Kyoto, approved a proposal for a Coral
Reef Sub-theme as the first step towards the development of a broader
Coastal Theme under IGOS. A working group, co-chaired by Arthur Dahl and Al
Strong, has been organised to prepare the theme report over then next year.
The full text of the work plan of the working group can be downloaded at
www.reefbase.org/igos/CRTHEME8.DOC

The immediate objective in the context of IGOS is to produce a specific set
of observational requirements corresponding to the special needs of the
coral reef and coastal research/management communities. These requirements
will then guide the development (and resource commitments) of remote sensing
systems developers.

For the theme report, the team will:
a) prepare an inventory of relevant existing observational activities and
research programmes: remote sensing
b) identify the remote and in situ observational techniques best able to
meet the objectives defined above
c) develop specifications for a set of observational products optimising
different user requirements
d) define partnership roles and responsibilities for implementation of the
Coral Reef Theme report, including data management through ReefBase and the
UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre
e) identify potential resources for implementation of the theme proposals
f) relate the Coral Reef Theme to the Ocean Theme, the Carbon Cycle Theme,
other relevant IGOS themes, and related programmes such as ICRAN, ICRI,
GCRMN, GOOS, GTOS, IGBP, etc.

As a first step in the development of the theme report, we would like to
conduct a survey of coral reef scientists and managers with current work
programmes, or an active interest in, remote sensing/observing of coral
reefs. This includes people involved in in situ monitoring who would be
interested in remote sensing products as an additional source of information
to complement their activities (see list below for a range of potential work
areas which have been identified as relevant to the development of new
remote sensing products).

Rather than broadcasting a questionnaire to the coral reef community, we
have decided to call for expressions of interest in participating in the
survey. We will then send you a detailed questionnaire. If you are active in
the remote sensing area or interested in helping to define remote
sensing/observing interests relating to coral reefs, and the product
requirements for the next decade, we would appreciate it if you could
respond by email. We also ask you to enclose a brief description of your
current work and areas of interest. Please respond within 2 weeks if you
would like to participate.

Thanks in advance for any help you can give us in this important task.

Best Wishes

Jamie Oliver
Team Member - IGOS Coral Reef Sub-theme

===========================================
In replying please provide the following information to J.Oliver@cgiar.org
:

Name:
Email address:
Position:
Address:

Current work related to remote sensing/observing: (2-3 sentences)

How would you use remote sensing products in your work: ( 2-3 sentences)
====================================

Specific areas of coral reef work which have already been identified as
potentially benefiting from the development of new or improved sensor
systems/products include:

1) quantifying the global extent and distribution of coral reefs and
associated ecosystems and their spatial relationships;
2) quantifying the loss of coral reefs and associated ecosystems over time;
3)documenting the health of coral reef ecosystems to the extent possible
with remote sensing and in situ approaches and their combination;
4)monitoring changes in coral reef ecosystems over time, both to determine
natural variability and anthropogenic degradation from local sources, and to
identify the effects of global change;
5)providing early warning of, and monitor the extent of, major stressful
events such as raised water temperature and associated coral bleaching;
6)supplying improved data on stresses and risks coral reefs face, such as
adjacent land use and runoff changes, coastal construction and dredging,
human pressures on fringing reefs and the coastline, human use from
vessels/fishing, etc.;
7)documenting large scale and long term phenomena and characteristics
important to the productivity and maintenance of coral reefs;
8)developing a geomorphological unit classification of habitats and
seascapes in coral reef and associated ecosystems and its map
representation;
9)generating observational products of immediate use to coral reef and
coastal zone managers and planners, and to different resource user
communities (fishing, tourism, biodiversity protection, etc.);
10) providing evidence if possible of the effectiveness of marine protected
areas for conserving coral reefs.

Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
ICLARM - The World Fish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670
Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530

email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Remote sensing of coral bleaching
Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 22:55:58 -0500
From: Serge Andrefouet <serge.andrefouet@noumea.ird.nc>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, rrs-l@soest.hawaii.edu

(apologies for cross-posting)

Dear all,

To help in preparing a workshop dealing with coral bleaching and remote
sensing I would be interested in hearing about any succesfull or
disappointing application of remote sensing for detecting and monitoring
coral bleaching, during the bleaching. I precise that the primary interest
is in "direct" remote sensing of reefs themselves using airborne or
satellite instruments. Though extremely interesting, "indirect" remote
sensing of oceanic (e.g. Sea Surface Temperature) and atmospheric (e.g.
cloud cover) conditions at regional-scale, and organism-scale spectral
signatures of bleached or dead corals are not the primary focus of the
review I have to present.

So far, I am aware of 4 reports on this subject. They are listed below and
present results for Belize, Japan, French Polynesia, and GBR reefs. If you
have conducted a simulation or a real survey using airborne or satellite
data (aerial photographs, hyperspectral, Ikonos, SPOT, Landsat...) I would
be interested and grateful to hear about it. Original information will be
credited and ackowledged of course.

Thanks in advance,

Best regards,

Serge Andrefouet

Yamano, H. & Tamura, M. (in press). Can satellite sensors detect coral reef
bleaching? A feasibility study using radiative transfer models in air and
water. In Proc. 9th Int. Coral reef Symposium, ISRS, Bali, Indonesia.

Yamano, H. & Tamura, M. (2001). Use of Landsat TM data and radiative
transfer models for monitoring coral reef bleaching. In Proc. IGARSS 2001,
vol. CDROM. IEEE, Sydney, Australia.

Ammenberg, P., Lindell, L. T. & Kramer, P. (in press). Detection of coral
bleaching using high spatial resolution satellite images. In Proc. 9th Int.
Coral reef Symposium, ISRS, Bali, Indonesia.

Andrfout S., R. Berkelmans, L. Odriozola, T. J. Done, J. K. Oliver, F. E.
Muller-Karger. (in press) Choosing the appropriate spatial resolution for
monitoring coral bleaching events using remote sensing. Coral Reefs.
Serge Andrefouet
College of Marine Science
Institute for Marine Remote sensing
University of South Florida
140, 7th Av. South
St Petersburg
FL 33701

Tel: 727 -553-3987/ 727 -553-1186
Fax: 727 -553-1103

E-mail: serge@carbon.marine.usf.edu

Subject: Re: coral-list-daily V2 #322
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2002 09:35:12 EST
From: Susanbmcg@aol.com
To: <coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral list,
The email message posted by Doug Kent about flooding in the Macal Valley is
of great interest to me but arrived in a computer language that looked
something like Swedish. Can you resend it to me in something my computer can
manage, like word? If this is too much of a pain, nevermind, I'll sort it
out somehow.
Thanks for the great list serve.
Cheers,
Susan
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: RE: legal definition of a reef
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2002 10:41:15 -0600
From: John Dawson <jdwsn@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi,

I guess I will add my two cents to this discussion.  There are many
different
terms that we use when discussing corals such as: zooxanthellate,
azooxanthellate, hermatypic, ahermatypic, reef, nonreef, deep water, etc..

How do we get our politicians to understand the different biologic ways we
can
group corals?  How can we get the average person to use all these terms
correctly?  So often do I hear geologists say hermatypic and when they
actually mean zooxanthellate.  These terms are not equivalent, but still I
see
people using them as though they were.

Anyway, that's my little diatribe.

John

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
John P. Dawson
Ph.D. Candidate - Department of Geoscience
121 Trowbridge Hall, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
E-mail: jdwsn@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu; Phone: (319)-335-1818; Fax:
(319)-335-1821

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Summer Program-Molecular Biology of Corals
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2002 10:53:07 -1000 (HST)
From: Evelyn F Cox <fcox@hawaii.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

****HIMB Summer Program - Molecular Biology of Corals****

The topic of the 2002 Edwin W. Pauley Summer Program at the Hawaii
Institute of Marine Biology will be the molecular biology of corals.
There will be a focus on the systematics of corals and their
zooxanthellae, coral population genetics, and the identification of
biomarkers for stress to corals resulting from anthropogenic change.
Arrangements for funding students are nearing completion.  A formal
announcement with application instructions will be available soon.  The
program will begin in mid June 2002 and continue to mid August 2002.
Interested graduate students should contact Dr. Fenny Cox
(fcox@hawaii.edu).

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Calling all 2001 Reef Check Data!
Date: Tue, 15 Jan 2002 14:27:05 -0800
From: "Reef Check Headquarters" <Rcheck@ucla.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

For those of you who have completed Reef Check surveys this year and not
registered with headquarters or submitted your data:

Thanks for all your hard work-- but please don't let it go to waste!  Please
send your data ASAP to: Liebeler@Ucla.edu. As we are about to complete our
2001 database, we need your data by January 15th or we will not be able to
include it in our analysis.  If you need the submission forms, please
contact me and I will get them to you.

Many thanks,

Jennifer
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Jennifer Liebeler
Program Manager
Reef Check Headquarters
1362 Hershey Hall 149607
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA
Office Tel: 310-794-4985  Fax: 310-825-0758
Liebeler@ucla.edu
www.ReefCheck.org

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral recruitment
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2002 15:15:16 +1200
From: "Ron Devine Vave" <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello Coral-listers,

please allow me to briefly introduce myself. My name is Ron Vave, and I'm
an MSc student in marine science, at the University of the South Pacific,
here in Fiji.

my interest lies in coral recruitment or settlement study. have found
lots
of literatures on this, but little to none mention procedures for the
identification of coral spats (using a dissecting microscope) on
settlement tiles, which I intend to be doing.

What differences in skeletal structure of coral spats are used to
differentiate one category from another? If possible, please send photos
as examples.

Are their any courses or literatures (journal articles, books etc) on the
identification of coral spats?

I'm be more than glad to exchange photomicrographs of coral spats.

Thanks in advance.

Ron Devine Vave
C/-Marine Studies Program,
University of the South Pacific,
Suva, Fiji Islands.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Agaricia recruits
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2002 11:04:17 +0000
From: Chris Schelten <cks102@york.ac.uk>
To: coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi everyone,
I am looking for some close-up pictures of Agaricia recruits. The
recruits should be < 5mm. I need the pictures for identification
purposes of settled coral larvae.
Thanks for your help,
Chris

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: What's a reef??
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2002 10:48:34 -0500
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Organization: SeaServices, Inc.
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Greetings to List,

As one who tried to find a consensus definition from the list 2 years
ago (without success), let me add my vote to Bob Buddemeier's statement
that definitions must be agreed upon before a meaningful discussion can
take place.

In particular, I do not necessarily see that attempting to define a
"coral reef" is an empty philosophical exercise.  Suppose the government
of country X were to decide to spend some millions of dollars (or
whatever) for protection of and research on coral reefs.  How does the
person or persons involved in administering that money decided whether a
proposed research project applies to the subject of the funding?

Despite the apparent beauty and simplicity of some proposed definitions,
I don't believe the definitions attain their goal.  For example, the
definition taken from the World Atlas of Coral Reefs and proposed
recently by Mark Spalding is:

"a physical structure which has been built up, and continues to grow
over decadal time-scales, as a result of the accumulation of calcium
carbonate laid down by hermatypic corals and other organisms."

This definition occurs on pg 16 of the text.  Unfortunately, the word
"hermatypic" is defined on pg 15 by stating that there is a subset of
corals that are a- communal and b- lay down a stony skeleton.  This is
followed by the statement that these corals are called hermatypic or
reef building.  In other words, a coral reef is a reef built by
reef-building corals!

Mike Risk proposes the very simple definition taken from a geological
context.  A reef is:

"a biologically-constructed, wave-resistant framework."

Clearly, to a sailor, the thing he runs aground on he calls a 'reef',
whether it was biologically constructed or not.  But there are even more
fundamental problems with this definition.  Specifically, what do the
words 'wave resistant' mean?  What size waves?  What frequency? How do
we address 'biologically-constructed' things that are not ever wave
affected so that their ability to resist waves cannot be easily
determined?

Even the word 'framework' is problematical.  The image I have of a
framework, which is shared by my desk dictionary, is a 'skeletal
structure like the framework of a building'.  Now clearly a coral reef
is skeletal.  But in this context, the word 'skeletal' refers to what we
see when a house is framed by 2 x 4s before the siding is put on.  In
other words, 'framework' does not apply to a solid structure.  Thus,
using Mike's definition, all massive structures are excluded.  Not
necessarily wrong, just different from my image.

When we hear the word "reef", we each form a mental picture, or set of
pictures, that depends upon our backgrounds and the context.  For
example, on this list, the word 'reef' almost always is interpreted to
mean a 'reef formed by zooxanthellate corals and associated organisms in
tropical waters' = a tropical, coral reef.  (I am not proposing that as
a definition, just a thought picture.)

The founders of an organization to which many of us belong, the
International Society for Reef Studies, clearly had something like this
in mind.  The Constitution states that the ISRS has the objective of
studying ** coral reefs **, so the word 'reef' in the organization
title doesn't mean the same thing to everyone.

Finally, back to Bob's point: As an engineer, one of the first rules I
learned about discussions is: "Make sure everyone knows what the
discussion is about."  Good rule, solves a lot of problems.

John

--
     *************************************************************
     *                                                           *
     *                       John R. Ware, PhD                   *
     *                          President                        *
     *                       SeaServices, Inc.                   *
     *                    19572 Club House Road                  *
     *              Montgomery Village, MD, 20886, USA           *
     *                        301 987-8507                       *
     *                       jware@erols.com                     *
     *                       seaservices.org                     *
     *                      fax: 301 987-8531                    *
     *                                          _                *
     *                                         |                 *
     *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *
     *                                        _|_                *
     *                                       | _ |               *
     *        _______________________________|   |________       *
     *     |\/__ Undersea Technology for the 21st Century \      *
     *     |/\____________________________________________/      *
     **************************************************************
~~~~~~~
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Subject: UPDATE: "Sustaining Seascapes" symposium, 7-8 Mar 2002
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2002 17:16:42 -0500
From: Daniel Brumbaugh <brumba@amnh.org>
To: caribbean-biodiversity@yahoogroups.com, cmpan@ucdavis.edu,
     consbio@u.washington.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
     marbio@mote.org

Apologies for the cross-postings!

*SYMPOSIUM UPDATE*

SUSTAINING SEASCAPES: THE SCIENCE AND POLICY OF MARINE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Thursday and Friday, March 7 and 8, 2002
American Museum of Natural History
New York City

EARLY-REGISTRATION DISCOUNT ENDS JANUARY 26!

POSTER ABSTRACT SUBMISSION DEADLINE EXTENDED TO FEBRUARY 18

Sustaining Seascapes: The Science and Policy of Marine Resource
Management will examine the large-scale conservation of marine
ecosystems - considering novel approaches to the sustainable
management of biodiversity and fisheries. Through theory, reviews,
and case studies, participants will explore efforts to integrate
natural, socioeconomic, and cultural factors at local and regional
scales in response to ongoing threats to both fisheries and
biodiversity.

Topics and presenters will include:

PLENARY ADDRESSES:

The Crisis in Fisheries and Marine Biodiversity
(Daniel Pauly, Professor, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia)

Historical Perspectives and Future Directions for Marine Resource Protection
(Tundi Agardy, Executive Director, Sound Seas)

Unnatural Oceans: Restocking the Seas for Restoration of Resilience
(Jeremy B. C. Jackson, Professor of Oceanography, Scripps Institute
of Oceanography)

PANEL DISCUSSION:
Future Directions with MPAs and Marine Biodiversity Protection in the
United States
(Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr., Under Secretary for Oceans and
Atmosphere, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
[invited])
(Fran Mainella, Director, U.S. National Park Service  [invited])
(Marshall Jones, Acting Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
([invited])

INVITED PRESENTATIONS:
Fisheries, Trophic Cascades, and Marine Biodiversity
(Robert S. Steneck, Professor, School of Marine Sciences, University of
Maine)

Oceanographic and Biological Connectivity
(Robert K. Cowen, Professor, Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science, University of Miami)

The Economics of Coastal Zones
(TBA)

Dimensions of Conservation Policy in Coastal Zones
(TBA)

Ethical Perspectives on Coastal Policy-Making
(TBA)

Cultural Seascapes
(Bonnie J. McCay, Professor, Department of Human Ecology, Cook
College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey)

Stakeholder Involvement in Marine Conservation Policy Making
(Michael Eng, Senior Program Manager, U.S. Institute for
Environmental Conflict Resolution)

Uncertainties in Ecological and Sociopolitical Systems
(Louis W. Botsford, Professor, Wildlife and Fisheries Biology,
University of California, Davis)

Linking Social and Ecological Systems
(TBA)

Modeling the Functions of an MPA Network (Bahamas)
(Daniel Brumbaugh, Marine Program Manager, Center for Biodiversity
and Conservation, AMNH)

Developing the Patagonian Coastal-Zone Management Plan (Argentina)
(Claudio Campagna, Conservation Zoologist, Wildlife Conservation
Society/COCINET)

Establishing Marine Protection in the Florida Keys (USA)
(Billy Causey, Superintendent, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
[NOAA])

A Proposal for a Regional MPA Network in the Gulf of Maine (USA/Canada)
(Anthony Chatwin, Staff Scientist, Conservation Law Foundation)

Lessons from Designing a Reserve Network in the Channel Islands (USA)
(Gary Davis, Science Advisor, Channel Islands National Park, U.S.
National Park Service)

Implementing a New MPA for Managing Fishing and Tourism (Bonaire,
Dutch Antilles)
(Kalli DeMeyer, Director, Coral Parks Programme, Coral Reef Alliance
[CORAL])

Fisheries, Biodiversity, and Human Impacts of Closures in the Gulf of
Maine (USA)
(Michael J. Fogarty, Senior Scientist, National Marine Fisheries
Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center and
Steven A. Murawski, Chief Stock Assessment Scientist, National Marine
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Subject: Re: What's a reef??
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2002 20:37:07 -0500
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: <jware@erols.com>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I was only prompted to respond in the first place because (as I told a
senior colleague who responded to me privately) I grow frustrated by those
who would re-invent the wheels on the handbasket in which reefs are so
quickly going to hell. My submission was somewhat tongue-in-cheek: I knew
perfectly well that there was no chance of that definition, or any other,
being widely accepted. All such proposals will be talked to death.

The fractious and divisive nature of the coral reef biological community is
by now the stuff of legends. Just one example, of many: equally as important
(more so) as the definition is the ability to describe what we see. I advise
the governments of several nations (including the USA) on coral reef
monitoring programs. I can guarantee you that, 30 years after the basic
technique was described, there is still no general agreement on survey
methods. This is clearly absurd. As all survey methods, properly applied,
give the same answer, it would not be a problem if the various groups met
regularly to compare notes-but even that doesn't happen.

So I knew that adoption of the Wells 1957 definition (which was a consensus
of opinions at the time) was impossible, because:
    1. there are those out there who would not agree to ANY definition that
they had not made up themselves;
    2. those hearing it for the first time would have to admit they were
unfamiliar with the classic reef literature, and
    3. it was proposed by (shudder!) geologists. (Do I need to point out
here the host of illustrious ecologists with geology degrees-starting with
Darwin-without whom our knowldege of reefs would be woeful indeed?)

There is nothing wrong with that definition-only the fact that it will never
be adopted.

John Ware's posting splits more hairs than it ties together. There is
nothing wrong with "wave-resistant" as an essential descriptor. Talking
about wave heights, wave strength (Reynold's Numbers??) etc. is just plain
silly. Every structure we would accept as a reef is wave-resistant. Do they
resist all waves? Of course not. (I resist temptation, but on rare occasions
have been known to...that's for a later discussion). Will there be a
spectrum of resistances? Of course. Is this a problem? Not to a group that
can deal with the CCA "boilers" as well as the branched, fragile patches.
This is an essential part of the definition, as it separates "reefs" from,
say, piles of oyster shells. It is worth noting that the original word
"reif" was High German/Old Norse, and meant a boat-holer.

Equally, there is nothing wrong with "framework." The building analogy
actually proves the point, instead of being fatal, as John would have it.
The building falls down without the framework, ergo the structure needs it.
It is silly to claim that massive structures, underlain by frameworks, do
not qualify.

When we look at reefs in the record, it is often hard to accept the
existence of frameworks-most of them are jumbled piles of rubble. Again I
don't think those observations are fatal-instead, they document the
catastrophic force of rare storms. Wave-resistance is one thing, but against
a hurricane, well, "resistance is futile", and the framework is destroyed.

The definition I quoted is from a GSA Volume titled "Ecology"-I recommend
it, even though it was published prior to 1995. (I think it's Memoir #54.)
In that same volume is a paper by Teichert, describing the cold and
deep-water coral banks off Europe, and pointing out that these should not be
called "reefs". See above. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out
that an uncemented pile of corals is no more wave-resistant than a pile of
oyster shells. So this wheel was invented a long time ago.

If we are looking for a legal/policy-oriented reef definition, here is what
does NOT go in:

1. there should be no mention of corals. All sorts of critters make reefs,
even now. It is not even proper to say that corals dominate modern reefs-in
terms of carbonate budgets, algae and bioeroders are more important by far
than corals. (I can just hear the screams if I proposed that reefs were
"algal-cemented frameworks supporting large numbers of bioeroders.")

2. there should be no mention of zooxanthellae/algal symbiosis. That is a
factor that almost always accompanies reef formation (and has in the past)
but any legal challenge would, for example, quickly expose our degree of
ignorance of terrestrial OM sources in the diets of corals. This could lead
to a lack of legal protection for parts of inshore reefs.

3. there should be no time implications. Tom's 6-year-old reef is as worthy
of protection as are those 3,000-year-old reef fronts on the GBR.

In short: the only change I can see making to the original definition would
be to exclude humans! So, "Biologically-constructed (not by us!)
wave-resistant frameworks."

I now leave this debate, in the sure and certain knowldege that, should I
come back in 5 years, no progress will have been made.

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: What's a reef??
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2002 20:08:32 -0600
From: "Bob Buddemeier" <buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu>
Reply-To: buddrw@ku.edu
Organization: Kansas Geological Survey
To: Mike Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
CC: jware@erols.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Thanks very much, Mike -- that clears up quite a few things for me.  I have
always been curious about where various governments got the advice upon
which
they base their reef-related policies

Bob

Mike Risk wrote:

> I was only prompted to respond in the first place because (as I told a
> senior colleague who responded to me privately) I grow frustrated by those
> who would re-invent the wheels on the handbasket in which reefs are so
> quickly going to hell. My submission was somewhat tongue-in-cheek: I knew
> perfectly well that there was no chance of that definition, or any other,
> being widely accepted. All such proposals will be talked to death.
>
> The fractious and divisive nature of the coral reef biological community
is
> by now the stuff of legends. Just one example, of many: equally as
important
> (more so) as the definition is the ability to describe what we see. I
advise
> the governments of several nations (including the USA) on coral reef
> monitoring programs. I can guarantee you that, 30 years after the basic
> technique was described, there is still no general agreement on survey
> methods. This is clearly absurd. As all survey methods, properly applied,
> give the same answer, it would not be a problem if the various groups met
> regularly to compare notes-but even that doesn't happen.
>
> So I knew that adoption of the Wells 1957 definition (which was a
consensus
> of opinions at the time) was impossible, because:
>     1. there are those out there who would not agree to ANY definition
that
> they had not made up themselves;
>     2. those hearing it for the first time would have to admit they were
> unfamiliar with the classic reef literature, and
>     3. it was proposed by (shudder!) geologists. (Do I need to point out
> here the host of illustrious ecologists with geology degrees-starting with
> Darwin-without whom our knowldege of reefs would be woeful indeed?)
>
> There is nothing wrong with that definition-only the fact that it will
never
> be adopted.
>
> John Ware's posting splits more hairs than it ties together. There is
> nothing wrong with "wave-resistant" as an essential descriptor. Talking
> about wave heights, wave strength (Reynold's Numbers??) etc. is just plain
> silly. Every structure we would accept as a reef is wave-resistant. Do
they
> resist all waves? Of course not. (I resist temptation, but on rare
occasions
> have been known to...that's for a later discussion). Will there be a
> spectrum of resistances? Of course. Is this a problem? Not to a group that
> can deal with the CCA "boilers" as well as the branched, fragile patches.
> This is an essential part of the definition, as it separates "reefs" from,
> say, piles of oyster shells. It is worth noting that the original word
> "reif" was High German/Old Norse, and meant a boat-holer.
>
> Equally, there is nothing wrong with "framework." The building analogy
> actually proves the point, instead of being fatal, as John would have it.
> The building falls down without the framework, ergo the structure needs
it.
> It is silly to claim that massive structures, underlain by frameworks, do
> not qualify.
>
> When we look at reefs in the record, it is often hard to accept the
> existence of frameworks-most of them are jumbled piles of rubble. Again I
> don't think those observations are fatal-instead, they document the
> catastrophic force of rare storms. Wave-resistance is one thing, but
against
> a hurricane, well, "resistance is futile", and the framework is destroyed.
>
> The definition I quoted is from a GSA Volume titled "Ecology"-I recommend
> it, even though it was published prior to 1995. (I think it's Memoir #54.)
> In that same volume is a paper by Teichert, describing the cold and
> deep-water coral banks off Europe, and pointing out that these should not
be
> called "reefs". See above. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure
out
> that an uncemented pile of corals is no more wave-resistant than a pile of
> oyster shells. So this wheel was invented a long time ago.
>
> If we are looking for a legal/policy-oriented reef definition, here is
what
> does NOT go in:
>
> 1. there should be no mention of corals. All sorts of critters make reefs,
> even now. It is not even proper to say that corals dominate modern
reefs-in
> terms of carbonate budgets, algae and bioeroders are more important by far
> than corals. (I can just hear the screams if I proposed that reefs were
> "algal-cemented frameworks supporting large numbers of bioeroders.")
>
> 2. there should be no mention of zooxanthellae/algal symbiosis. That is a
> factor that almost always accompanies reef formation (and has in the past)
> but any legal challenge would, for example, quickly expose our degree of
> ignorance of terrestrial OM sources in the diets of corals. This could
lead
> to a lack of legal protection for parts of inshore reefs.
>
> 3. there should be no time implications. Tom's 6-year-old reef is as
worthy
> of protection as are those 3,000-year-old reef fronts on the GBR.
>
> In short: the only change I can see making to the original definition
would
> be to exclude humans! So, "Biologically-constructed (not by us!)
> wave-resistant frameworks."
>
> I now leave this debate, in the sure and certain knowldege that, should I
> come back in 5 years, no progress will have been made.
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Avenue
Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
e-mail: buddrw@ku.edu
ph (1) (785) 864-2112
fax (1) (785) 864-5317

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Robert W. Buddemeier <buddrw@ku.edu>
  Dr.
  University of Kansas
  Kansas Geological Survey

  Robert W. Buddemeier
  Dr.                       <buddrw@ku.edu>
  University of Kansas
  Kansas Geological Survey
  1930 Constant Avenue      Fax: 785-864-5317
  Lawrence                  Work: 785-864-2112
  KS
  66047
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name   Buddemeier
  First Name  Robert W.
  Version     2.1

Subject: RE: What's a reef??
Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 16:01:16 +0800
From: "Jeffrey Low" <jeffrey-low@mailhost.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I was laughing all through reading Mike's reply .... thanks Mike, it's good
to see that some people out there still have a sense of humor, and the wits
to put it in writing. Great stuff!

Cheers, Jeff
Jack-of-many-trades, Master-of-one

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: What's a reef??
Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 08:03:16 -0500
From: Phillip Dustan <dustanp@cofc.edu>
To: buddrw@ku.edu, Mike Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
CC: jware@erols.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hey Guys,
Sorry to intrude but I agree .
We may not be able to say exactly what a reef is supposed to be in all
cases,
but we sure know one when we see it. And we can sure tell it's ecology is
unraveling......
Phil

At 08:08 PM 1/16/02 -0600, Bob Buddemeier wrote:
>Thanks very much, Mike -- that clears up quite a few things for me. I have
>always been curious about where various governments got the advice upon
which
>they base their reef-related policies
>
>Bob
>
>Mike Risk wrote:
>
>> I was only prompted to respond in the first place because (as I told a
>> senior colleague who responded to me privately) I grow frustrated by
those
>> who would re-invent the wheels on the handbasket in which reefs are so
>> quickly going to hell. My submission was somewhat tongue-in-cheek: I knew

>> perfectly well that there was no chance of that definition, or any other,

>> being widely accepted. All such proposals will be talked to death.
>>
>> The fractious and divisive nature of the coral reef biological community
is
>> by now the stuff of legends. Just one example, of many: equally as
important
>> (more so) as the definition is the ability to describe what we see. I
advise
>> the governments of several nations (including the USA) on coral reef
>> monitoring programs. I can guarantee you that, 30 years after the basic
>> technique was described, there is still no general agreement on survey
>> methods. This is clearly absurd. As all survey methods, properly applied,

>> give the same answer, it would not be a problem if the various groups met

>> regularly to compare notes-but even that doesn't happen.
>>
>> So I knew that adoption of the Wells 1957 definition (which was a
consensus
>> of opinions at the time) was impossible, because:
>> 1. there are those out there who would not agree to ANY definition that
>> they had not made up themselves;
>> 2. those hearing it for the first time would have to admit they were
>> unfamiliar with the classic reef literature, and
>> 3. it was proposed by (shudder!) geologists. (Do I need to point out
>> here the host of illustrious ecologists with geology degrees-starting
with
>> Darwin-without whom our knowldege of reefs would be woeful indeed?)
>>
>> There is nothing wrong with that definition-only the fact that it will
never
>> be adopted.
>>
>> John Ware's posting splits more hairs than it ties together. There is
>> nothing wrong with "wave-resistant" as an essential descriptor. Talking
>> about wave heights, wave strength (Reynold's Numbers??) etc. is just
plain
>> silly. Every structure we would accept as a reef is wave-resistant. Do
they
>> resist all waves? Of course not. (I resist temptation, but on rare
occasions
>> have been known to...that's for a later discussion). Will there be a
>> spectrum of resistances? Of course. Is this a problem? Not to a group
that
>> can deal with the CCA "boilers" as well as the branched, fragile patches.

>> This is an essential part of the definition, as it separates "reefs"
from,
>> say, piles of oyster shells. It is worth noting that the original word
>> "reif" was High German/Old Norse, and meant a boat-holer.
>>
>> Equally, there is nothing wrong with "framework." The building analogy
>> actually proves the point, instead of being fatal, as John would have it.

>> The building falls down without the framework, ergo the structure needs
it.
>> It is silly to claim that massive structures, underlain by frameworks, do

>> not qualify.
>>
>> When we look at reefs in the record, it is often hard to accept the
>> existence of frameworks-most of them are jumbled piles of rubble. Again I

>> don't think those observations are fatal-instead, they document the
>> catastrophic force of rare storms. Wave-resistance is one thing, but
against
>> a hurricane, well, "resistance is futile", and the framework is
destroyed.
>>
>> The definition I quoted is from a GSA Volume titled "Ecology"-I recommend

>> it, even though it was published prior to 1995. (I think it's Memoir
#54.)
>> In that same volume is a paper by Teichert, describing the cold and
>> deep-water coral banks off Europe, and pointing out that these should not
be
>> called "reefs". See above. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure
out
>> that an uncemented pile of corals is no more wave-resistant than a pile
of
>> oyster shells. So this wheel was invented a long time ago.
>>
>> If we are looking for a legal/policy-oriented reef definition, here is
what
>> does NOT go in:
>>
>> 1. there should be no mention of corals. All sorts of critters make
reefs,
>> even now. It is not even proper to say that corals dominate modern
reefs-in
>> terms of carbonate budgets, algae and bioeroders are more important by
far
>> than corals. (I can just hear the screams if I proposed that reefs were
>> "algal-cemented frameworks supporting large numbers of bioeroders.")
>>
>> 2. there should be no mention of zooxanthellae/algal symbiosis. That is a

>> factor that almost always accompanies reef formation (and has in the
past)
>> but any legal challenge would, for example, quickly expose our degree of
>> ignorance of terrestrial OM sources in the diets of corals. This could
lead
>> to a lack of legal protection for parts of inshore reefs.
>>
>> 3. there should be no time implications. Tom's 6-year-old reef is as
worthy
>> of protection as are those 3,000-year-old reef fronts on the GBR.
>>
>> In short: the only change I can see making to the original definition
would
>> be to exclude humans! So, "Biologically-constructed (not by us!)
>> wave-resistant frameworks."
>>
>> I now leave this debate, in the sure and certain knowldege that, should I

>> come back in 5 years, no progress will have been made.
>>
>> ~~~~~~~
>> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
>> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>--
>Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
>Kansas Geological Survey
>University of Kansas
>1930 Constant Avenue
>Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
>e-mail: buddrw@ku.edu
>ph (1) (785) 864-2112
>fax (1) (785) 864-5317
>
>
>Attachment Converted: "c:\eudora_ashley\attach\buddrw1.vcf"
>
PLEASE NOTE NEW EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Phillip Dustan
Department of Biology
College of Charleston
Charleston SC 29424
dustanp@cofc.edu
www.cofc.edu/~coral/corallab.htm
(843) 953-8086
(843)953-5453 Fax ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to
coral-list or the digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular
on the menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: reef definition
Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 14:10:52 +0100 (MEZ)
From: Markus Bertling <bertlin@uni-muenster.de>
CC: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,
as a member of two groups grossly underrepresented on this list (Germans
and geologists) I have to second Mike Risk:
- "corals" have nothing to do in a reef definition: One of the most famous
reefs of ALL times, the Capitan reef in TX and adjacent states, completely
lacks corals! It was built by sponges and various skeletal algae (plus
bryozoans). Sponge reefs are at least as important in earth history as
coral reefs -- we now live in weird times where hardly any other organisms
than corals build reefs (but even nowadays, worms, vermetids, red algae,
etc. do!)...
- a reef must have some sort of "strength" against hydrodynamics
(elegantly circumscribed as wave-resistant) as loose associations of
organisms normally found in reefs may occur as well.  "Mudmounds",
large buildups of mud with an occasional skeletal organism, repeatedly
formed at greater depth throughout earth history but they only hardened
under the pressure of superposed sediments, i.e. not during their
"lifetime". And all of us probably agree that mudmounds are as little a
reef as a sand bank is...
Best wishes,
Markus
======================================================================
                      Markus Bertling, Ph.D.
                 Museum Curator and Collection Manager
            Geologisch-Palaeontologisches Institut und Museum
                          Pferdegasse 3
                        D- 48143 Muenster
                             Germany
e-mail: bertlin@uni-muenster.de         fax: ..49 - 251 - 83 248 91
                                      phone: ..49 - 251 - 83 239 42
                  http://www.uni-muenster.de/Geomuseum/
======================================================================

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.


Subject: Summer Course - Tropical Marine Invertebrate Biology
Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 08:45:17 -0500
From: "Norman Quinn" <nquinn@uwimona.edu.jm>
Organization: Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: What's a reef?? Wells ref
Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2002 12:49:28 -0500
From: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: Mike Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>, jware@erols.com,
     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

For those limited to web searches of the literature as their source of
information:  the source of Mike's definition is:

Wells, J.  1957.  Coral reefs.  Mem. Geol. Soc. Am., 67: 609-631.

It's still a great paper to read to start learning about coral reefs.

Alina Szmant

At 08:37 PM 01/16/2002 -0500, Mike Risk wrote:

> I
>
> The definition I quoted is from a GSA Volume titled "Ecology"-I recommend
> it, even though it was published prior to 1995. (I think it's Memoir #54.)
> In that same volume is a paper by Teichert, describing the cold and
> deep-water coral banks off Europe, and pointing out that these should not
> be
> called "reefs". See above. It doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure
> out
> that an uncemented pile of corals is no more wave-resistant than a pile of
> oyster shells. So this wheel was invented a long time ago.
>
*******************************************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
Professor of Biology
Center for Marine Science
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
5600  Marvin K. Moss Lane
Wilmington  NC  28409-5928
tel:  (910)962-2362  fax:  (910)962-2410
email:  szmanta@uncwil.edu
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
******************************************************************

Subject: Lifespan of a polyp
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 10:06:04 +0100 (MET)
From: jaapk@science.uva.nl
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Melissa,

If you assume that you coral colony is for example a Porites or Montastrea
like colony in which the polyps are packed on the surface of the colony,
you can observe that polyps first located at the top of the colony tend to
move towards the sides of the colony in the growth process. The polyps
will end up in environmental conditions will be less favourable (polyps
will for example become occluded and finally die).  The growth
trajectories of a polyp can be visualized on X-ray pictures and from these
pictures it is possible to make estimates of the average life span
(something like 2-3 yr for Porites, see W.M. Darke and D.J. Barnes, Growth
trajectories of corallites and ages of polyps in massive colonies of
reef-building corals of the genus Porites, Mar. Biol. 117:321-326, 1993).
Alternatively you can observe these growth trajectories in simulation
models of growth and form, based on a surface normal deposition model
where you reprsent the individual corallites, of massive and branching
coral species (see The algorithmic beauty of seaweeds, sponges and corals,
J.A. Kaandorp and J.E. Kubler, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 2001). By
varying the average size of a corallite and average growth velocity in
these models, you might be able to make estimates of the average life span
of a polyp and compute how long it will take before a top polyp will end
up in an environmental situation that will lead to death of the polyp.

best regards,

Jaap

Jaap Kaandorp
Section Computational Science
Faculty of Science
University of Amsterdam
Kruislaan 403
1098 SJ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 20 5257539 / +31 20 5257463
email: jaapk@science.uva.nl
fax: +31 20 5257490
URL: http://www.science.uva.nl/~jaapk/

>Date: Mon, 14 Jan 2002 08:51:46 -0800 (PST)
>From: Melissa Keyes <mekvinga@yahoo.com>
>Subject: Lifespan of a polyp
>
>- --0-594713962-1011027106=:13211
>Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
>
>
>  Hello, all,
>
>  I was asked, "Does a coral polyp die of old age?"
>
>  I believe it's one critter that could live indefinitely.  Have there been
any
>papers on this?
>
>  Cheers,
>
>  Melissa Keyes
>
>  St. Croix, USVI
>
>
>
>
>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Pennekamp coral reef slides
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 08:53:36 -0500
From: "Adriana Cantillo" <Adriana.Cantillo@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA/NOS/NCCOS/CCMA
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello,

We are in the process of converting the late 1970s assessment of the
Pennekamp coral reefs (off Key Largo, Florida) written by Dr. Gilbert
Voss (University of Miami) into electronic form for publication as part
of a document rescue effort. Dr. Voss sent the slides taken during the
assessment to the NOAA Sanctuaries Program Division. The person who
received the slides is no longer listed in the NOAA personnel directory.
Does anyone know where the slides are? Our goal is to include scans of
the slides in the CD containing the Voss Pennekamp report to make the
photographic material available.

If you know anything about the Pennekamp slides, please let us know.

The document rescue effort is part of the Coastal and Estuarine
Data/Document Archeology and Rescue (CEDAR) Project for South Florida.
Documents rescued to date can be found here
<http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/CEDAR.htm>.

The latest CEDAR publication is the Dry Tortugas field diary of Dr.
Charles M. Breder, Jr. During the summer of 1929, Dr. Breder, employed
at that time by the New York Aquarium and American Museum of Natural
History, visited the Carnegie Laboratory in the Dry Tortugas to study
the development and habits of flying fishes and their allies. The diary
of the trip was donated to the Mote Marine Laboratory Library by his
family. Dr. Breder's meticulous handwritten account gives us the
opportunity to see the simple yet great details of his observations and
field experiments. The introduction to the transcribed diary was written
by Dr. Eugenie Clark, one of his students.

Dr. Breder's diary is available in PDF format online here
(<http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/cedardoc.html>, scroll down to
Cantillo, Collins and Clark). A CD version of the diary is available.
Please contact me for a copy.

As other publications of interest to the corals community become
available a note will be posted.

Thank you.

Dr. Adriana Cantillo
NOAA/NOS/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Chemist
  NOAA/National Ocean Service

  Chemist                      <Adriana.Cantillo@NOAA.GOV>
  NOAA/National Ocean Service
                               Conference Software Address
  Additional Information:
  Last Name  Cantillo
  First Name Dr. Adriana
  Version    2.1

Subject: Coral abundance
Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2002 18:31:23 -0200
From: "Simone Siag Oigman" <simone.oigman@uol.com.br>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Colleagues,
We have been searching the usual sources of literature (ASFA, Web of Science
and our local libraries, etc.) for review articles or research papers which
review stony coral abundance (density and/or cover) and which synthesise
differences between the world reefs and rocky shores. With the large amount
of studies which collect this type of data we were surprised by our
difficulty in coming up with anything concrete.
So... What is the average density of stony corals on the worlds coral reefs
and what proportion of area do they occupy?
How does this compare with rocky shore corals, or indeed do we have this
data?
If anyone would like to point us in the right direction, we would be most
grateful.

Simone Oigman and Joel Creed
Laboratorio de Ecologia Marinha/ UERJ
Brazil

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Millepora
Date: Sat, 19 Jan 2002 17:13:36 -0500
From: "Marcos S. Barbeitos" <msb6@acsu.buffalo.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello coral-listers. I swear that I did my homework, but it's been really
hard to find information about the overgrowth of gorgonians by Millepora.
Apart from the brilliant 1980 paper by Charles Wahle (Wahle, C. 1980.
Detection, pursuit, and overgrowth of tropical gorgonians by Milleporid
hydrocorals: Perseus and Medusa revisited. Science 209:689-691) I could not
find any other publication that has looked at this interaction. In his
concise but comprehensive review on Millepora ecology, John Lewis mentioned
Wahle's paper briefly and without any specific reference to the interaction
itself. However, this review is not recent (1989). I wonder if this
interaction has received little or no attention after Wahle (1980) or it is
just that I did not look in the right places yet. Any information (including
anecdotal) will be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance.

Marcos.

Marcos S. Barbeitos
MSc., PhD. candidate
University at Buffalo
109 Cooke Hall
Buffalo, NY 14260
Phone: (716)  645-2881
Fax: (716) 645-2975

Subject: Coral Growth
Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2002 00:44:46 -0600
From: tom h gray <reef-art@juno.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings all-
I am doing graduate work on the growth rate of Sinularia sp. (green,
brown and white varieties), Sarcophyton sp. and Xenia sp. under three
different light sources (metal halide, compact fluorescent and standard
fluorescent) with similar light intensities in a captive environment.  I
have two questions.
What information is out there concerning the physical characteristics of
these corals that would have a bearing on their growth rate
(zooxanthellae, feeding habits, metabolism, etc.)?
What information is out there concerning the different spectrums of light
that these three light sources produce and its effect on the growth of
these corals?  The metal halide were 175 watt 6500K for Study-1 and 175
watt 10,000K for Study-2.  The compact fluorescent were Japanese 90 watt
(2- white daylight bulbs, 2-actinic blue bulbs) for Study-1 and German 55
watt (2-white daylight bulbs, 2-actinic blue bulbs) for Study-2.  The
standard fluorescent were 40 watt (3-white daylight bulbs, 1-actinic blue
bulb) for both Study-1 and Study-2.
Any other relevant information is also greatly appreciated.
Thanks,
Tom Gray
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: World Atlas of Coral Reefs
Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2002 14:20:24 -0800 (PST)
From: Roberto Pardo <robepardoa@yahoo.com>
To: Roberto Pardo <robepardoa@yahoo.com>,
     Mark Spalding <Mark.Spalding@unep-wcmc.org>,
     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Dr. Spalding. We received the World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Thanks so
much. On the other hand it would be a possible obtain a copy of the World
Atlas of Mangroves write for you and other authors in 1997 ? Thanks again
for your support, We wish you a Happy New Year full of success. Warm
regards, Roberto
Subject: RE: Coral abundance
Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2002 16:39:24 -0800
From: "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>
To: "Simone Siag Oigman" <simone.oigman@uol.com.br>,
     "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

In the pre-global bleaching year of 1997, the average global coral cover was
33% and in the Caribbean 21% according to:
Hodgson, G. 1999. A global assessment of human effects on coral reefs.
Marine Pollution Bulletin. 38 (5) 345-355.

Globally, on average there was a 10-11% decrease due to the bleaching event.
Additional data are available on www.reefcheck.org and a prelim five-year
analysis will be posted next month.
Greg

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Simone Siag
Oigman
Sent: Saturday, January 19, 2002 12:31 PM
To: Coral List
Subject: Coral abundance

Colleagues,
We have been searching the usual sources of literature (ASFA, Web of Science
and our local libraries, etc.) for review articles or research papers which
review stony coral abundance (density and/or cover) and which synthesise
differences between the world reefs and rocky shores. With the large amount
of studies which collect this type of data we were surprised by our
difficulty in coming up with anything concrete.
So... What is the average density of stony corals on the worlds coral reefs
and what proportion of area do they occupy?
How does this compare with rocky shore corals, or indeed do we have this
data?
If anyone would like to point us in the right direction, we would be most
grateful.

Simone Oigman and Joel Creed
Laboratorio de Ecologia Marinha/ UERJ
Brazil

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: DFID project
Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2002 12:58:53 GMT
From: "Esteban, Nicole" <n.esteban@ic.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

With respect to our DFID funded project, Institutional evaluation of
Caribbean MPA's and opportunities for pro-poor management, we sent the
first project brief out via several list serves last July.

We have now completed the second project brief which contains both
information about the first activity of our project: a Characterisation
Review of MPA's in the Caribbean region by CANARI (Geoghegan, Smith and
Thacker (July 2001)) as well as details about recent and forthcoming
fieldwork at selected MPA case studies.

We have widened the circulation list for this second brief in response to
interest expressed following the first brief and to include all people
contacted by CANARI during research for the Characterisation Review.
Instead of sending the project brief as an attachment, we would now like
to direct you to our web site for the second project brief in pdf format
(http://www.mragltd.com/brief2.pdf). Our web site also contains the first
project brief and the Characterisation Review and associated datasets.

Apologies for cross posting.

Regards

Caroline Garaway
Vicki Cowan
Nicole Esteban (nee Kenward)

**  **  **  **  **  **  **  **  **  **  **
Nicole Esteban (nee Kenward)
MRAG Ltd
47 Princes Gate
London SW7 2QA
UK

Tel: +44 20 7594 9876 (direct)
Tel: +44 20 7594 9888 (general)
Fax:+44 20 7823 7916
www.mragltd.com <http://www.mragltd.com>

**  **  **  **  **  **  **  **  **  **  **

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: reef definition
Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2002 13:00:18 GMT
From: marcos <info@mini35.de>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

many many thanks for this nostalgic discussion. It sent me immediately
back at the time when I had to wrap up my thesis. Then, just to give an
overview over reef definitions in the literature of the past 150 years was
an almost inhuman task. But you know professors. I finally succeded with
that and then I could start with my own definition. Man was I proud! Proud
to seperate the old definitions from the new scientific knowledge I
thought I had then. I wrote it, I printed it and that was it. One more in
a pile of definitions on what a reef really is.

My definition does exclude the part with the wave-resistance (to my
knowledge introduced by Vaughan 1919...the literature-work has to be good
for something) because by then I had not only heared from the deep water
Lophelia-reefs off Norway but had seen the video-footage. If these are not
reefs, then forget those tiny structures in the Red Sea and the
Carribbean. But then again, this is my experience and my definition.
Strange enough I never had a problem in communication with other reef
scientists. I knew what they were talking about, what a surprise.

My point is, there is no point in trying to reach an agreement for such a
broad definition as a definition of reefs. Everybody, who experienced
reefs has a feeling for this. And depending on this experience he or she
will define a reef a little bit different. But when it comes to reef
protection, nobody would say, "ok, this is a reef by definition, lets
protect it and this is a coral patch, so what the heck, blast it".
Protection and awareness doesnt start with definitions. And our task as
scientist is to communicate this to politicians and governmental
organisations. Use your own words, then you can convince.

Well, that was my point. Sorry for my german-english,

cheers, Marcos

Marcos Gektidis PhD
Geologisch-Palontologisches Institut
Senckenberganlage 32-34
60054 Frankfurt am Main
Germany

~~~~~~~
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Subject: rearing sea urchins
Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2002 17:18:36 +0000
From: "Reia Guppy" <reiag@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

I am trying to develop some new labs for Developmental Biology. Does anyone
have, or can tell me where I can find a protocol for rearing sea urchins?
This includes from gametes through their developmental stages to adulthood.
Thanks.

Reia

Reia Guppy

Graduate Student

Biology Department

University of Central Arkansas

201 Donaghey Avenue

Conway, AR 72035

Tel: (501) 450-3146

Fax: (501) 450-5914

Email: reiag@hotmail.com

_________________________________________________________________
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http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx

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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: rearing sea urchins
Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2002 14:31:03 -0600
From: tom h gray <reef-art@juno.com>
To: reiag@hotmail.com
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Reia-
You may want to contact Dr. Tunnell or Dr. Dokken at 3618252736 as they
know about people that do studies with sea urchins at the Center for
Coastal Studies in Corpus Christi, Tx.
Good luck,
Tom Gray

On Tue, 22 Jan 2002 17:18:36 +0000 "Reia Guppy" <reiag@hotmail.com>
writes:
> Dear all,
>
> I am trying to develop some new labs for Developmental Biology. Does
> anyone
> have, or can tell me where I can find a protocol for rearing sea
> urchins?
> This includes from gametes through their developmental stages to
> adulthood.
> Thanks.
>
> Reia
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Reia Guppy
>
> Graduate Student
>
> Biology Department
>
> University of Central Arkansas
>
> 201 Donaghey Avenue
>
> Conway, AR 72035
>
> Tel: (501) 450-3146
>
> Fax: (501) 450-5914
>
> Email: reiag@hotmail.com
>
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos:
> http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.


Subject: Lifespan of a polyp
Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2002 09:58:31 +1000
From: "Dave Barnes" <d.barnes@aims.gov.au>
To: <mekvinga@yahoo.com>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Melissa,

I note Jaap Kandorp's reply to your question about the lifespan of coral
polyps.  He pointed you to a paper written from work done by Wendy Darke,
who did her PhD with me.

The surface of many massive coral colonies becomes bumpy as the coral
Subject: MACC project
Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2002 19:13:07 -0800
From: "Tom van't Hof" <tomvanthof@hotmail.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Within the broader framework of a World Bank project entitled "Mainstreaming
Adaptation to Climate Change in the Caribbean" a sub-project is carried out
to develop a project appraisal methodology for MACC, to illustrate this with
coral reef valuation examples from the region, and to facilitate the
integration of economic valuation information into national decision-making
processes to support cost-effective adaptation and mitigation strategies.
The project coordinator is Herman Cesar.

We are looking for possible models that address linkages of  one or more of
the following common threats to coral reefs, i.e. climate change,
over-fishing, coastal development and tourism, to coral reef health and
integrity. If you know of any such models or of researchers working on such
models, we would appreciate to hear about this.

Thanks for any advice you may be able to provide.

************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
Tom van't Hof
Marine & Coastal Resource Management Consulting
The Bottom, Saba
Netherlands Antilles
Tel. (599) 416-3348
Fax (599) 416-3299
e-mail <tomvanthof@hotmail.com>

"Specializing in marine protected areas since 1979."
Resume, references and project history at <http://www.irf.org/hof.htm>

Subject: RE: rearing sea urchins
Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2002 07:45:27 -0600
From: "Dr. Quenton R. Dokken" <dokken@falcon.tamucc.edu>
To: <reiag@hotmail.com>, "tom h gray" <reef-art@juno.com>
CC: "Tunnell Wes" <jtunnell@falcon.tamucc.edu>, <pricemay@falcon.tamucc.edu>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Reia,

Associated with Texas A&M University-Corpus Chrisit, the U.S. Geological
Survey Toxicology Laboratory uses sea urchin gametes and larvae which they
spawn in the lab to conduct toxicology assays.  Contact Ms. Linda May at
pricemay@falcon.tamucc.edu.

Good luck.

Quenton Dokken, Ph.D.
Associate Director
Center for Coastal Studies

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of tom h gray
Sent: Tuesday, January 22, 2002 2:31 PM
To: reiag@hotmail.com
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: rearing sea urchins

Dear Reia-
You may want to contact Dr. Tunnell or Dr. Dokken at 3618252736 as they
know about people that do studies with sea urchins at the Center for
Coastal Studies in Corpus Christi, Tx.
Good luck,
Tom Gray

On Tue, 22 Jan 2002 17:18:36 +0000 "Reia Guppy" <reiag@hotmail.com>
writes:
> Dear all,
>
> I am trying to develop some new labs for Developmental Biology. Does
> anyone
> have, or can tell me where I can find a protocol for rearing sea
> urchins?
> This includes from gametes through their developmental stages to
> adulthood.
> Thanks.
>
> Reia
>
>
>
>
>
>
> Reia Guppy
>
> Graduate Student
>
> Biology Department
>
> University of Central Arkansas
>
> 201 Donaghey Avenue
>
> Conway, AR 72035
>
> Tel: (501) 450-3146
>
> Fax: (501) 450-5914
>
> Email: reiag@hotmail.com
>
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos:
> http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: rearing sea urchins
Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2002 18:36:15 +0000
From: "Reia Guppy" <reiag@hotmail.com>
To: peck@hawaii.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello All!

Thank you to all those who have been sending the much needed information
concerning rearing sea urchins.  I've been asked by a couple of people to
pass on the information that I have gotten, so I've compiled a list of
contact information which I've received.  These are listed below.

So far, I've been getting contact information.  I've listed these for you
below.  I'll let you know if anything more comes in.

1)  Texas A&M University in Corpus Christi -  U.S. Geological Survey
Toxicology Laboratory.  Use sea urchin gametes and larvae which they spawn
to conduct toxicology assays. Contact Ms. Linda May,
pricemay@falcon.tamucc.edu.

2)  Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory in Scotland -  Invertebrate Biology &
Mariculture Group.  Rears 2 British species.  Contact Dr. Maeve Kelly,
www.sams.ac.uk/dml/

3)  Southern California Coastal Water Research Project (SCCWRP).  Maitain
adult urchins in tanks and experiment with gametes and embryos.  Contact
Steve Bay and Darrin Greenstein,  darring@SCCWRP.org ; steveb@SCCWRP.org

4)  Bulletin of Marine Science 1998 issue -  paper by Eckert.  That's all
the information sent on this.  This paper supposed to have a good protocol,
using Diadema.

5)  University of Texas at Austin.  Algae collection for food source for
larvae and diatoms for juvenile urchins.

6)  Center for Coastal Studies in Corpus Christi, Texas.  Contact Drs.
Tunnell and/or Dokken, 1-361-825-2736.

7)  Marine Resources Center at the Marine Biological Laboratory.  Works with
cellular biology and cell division in sea urchin zygotes.  Contact
www.mbl.edu/animals/index.html

8)  University of Oregon -  Oregon Institute of Marine Biology Field
Station.  Contact Dr. Richard Emlet using OIMB link from U of O home page.

9)  Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science.  Has grown Diadema
from gametes through to teenagers.  Contact Tom Capo,  tcapo@rsmas.miami.edu

10)  University of North Carolina at Wilmington.  Rears urchins.  Contact
Dr. Alina Szmant, szmanta@uncwil.edu,  1-910-962-2362

Thanks again to everyone!

Reia

Reia Guppy

Graduate Student

Biology Department

University of Central Arkansas

201 Donaghey Avenue

Conway, AR 72035

Tel: (501) 450-3146

Fax: (501) 450-5914

Email: reiag@hotmail.com

_________________________________________________________________
Get your FREE download of MSN Explorer at http://explorer.msn.com/intl.asp.

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Subject: Coralline Algae - Gulf of Maine species info sought
Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2002 15:32:05 -0500
From: Ron Huber <coastwatch@acadia.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Friends -

 I've been trying to get a list of known coralline algae species that
inhabit the Gulf of Maine, and/or Georges Bank.

I have been revewing the excellent materials online from the  Monterey Bay
Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)  and from  Derek Keats  at the
University of the Western Cape, South Africa.   However,  the Gulf of Maine
and Georges Bank's species are not much mentioned in their online
literature.

University of Maine marine biologist Bob Steneck has also provided some very
useful info on the corallines of the Gulf of Maine, but other sources would
be helpful too. (don't want to overtax Bob with his already overfull
workload too much!)

Any information or leads to sources of information  anyone might have
concerning coralline algae species specifically found in the Gulf of Maine
and/or Georges Bank or other NW Atlantic banks, or historically or
prehistorically  found there, would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks!

Ron Huber
Task Force Atlantis
http://www.atlantisforce.org
(207)594-5717



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Subject: Coral Reefs vision for the Maldives
Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2002 19:49:19 +0100
From: "Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert" <fpl@circop.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

In order to promote the CIRCoP project (Int'l Coral Reefs Conferences of =
Paris - www.circop.com), I've been asked to answer questions during an =
Interview which will be made by a French TV in few weeks.

They would like to know some things about Maldives, and If I have a =
personal opinion as I'm diving there every year since 1999, I would love =
to have yours as scientists :=20

- What is the most potential future of Maldives' coral reefs : Recovery =
? Death ? How much time for both according to you ? - What is the most
potential future of Maldives' islands : stand by ? = Disappearance ? - Is
there something currently done to restore these reefs ? Can = something be
done ?

Thanks for your opinions, it will help me to provide the best answers.

Best Regards
Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert
CIRCoP Project Manager
http://www.circop.com, to Enjoy Great Protected Coral Reefs
Official Partners : VediorBis - Sony Computer France - Salon de la =
Plong=E9e de Paris

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Subject: Re: legal definition of a reef
Date: Thu, 24 Jan 2002 17:01:16 -0500
From: Nicole <Research@Delta-Seven.com>
To: John Dawson <jdwsn@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I must enter the debate.

A reef is a hard bottom near enough to the surface to damage a boat.
Any sailor knows that.  This is also the oldest definition.

The other debate points refer only to how a reef is formed.  Most
formations may be biological, but drowned moraines are also reefs.

The problem in the debate is the qualifier "legal."  I ask instead, what
is the definition of legal?  In what jurisdiction?  Won't it be
different in each and subject to each circuit court ruling as well.  Is
the point then worth pursuing?

Isn't it true that nothing is "legal" until codified and then only until
appealed?

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral Bleaching
Date: Fri, 25 Jan 2002 15:27:11 +1000
From: Kevin Strychar <k.strychar@cqu.edu.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi everyone,

My name is Kevin Strychar and I am a PhD candidate waiting to hear back from
my PhD examiners. My research focussed on studying the effects of bleaching
on soft and scleractinian corals, comparatively assessing physiological,
biochemical and genetic differences of Symbiodinium.

Whilst volumes of information exist about scleractinian corals, less
information is available about soft corals (and other reef organisms) - so I
have a proposal to anyone and everyone who is interested. If people would be
willing to email me their observations of reef bleaching of soft corals (and
any other organism that bleach) I will collate the information making it
available the following year. The information that I would ask people to
send should consist of the following where possible:

1). Person(s) making the observation
2). Location (lat and log would be nice)
3). Date of observation
4). Depth of observation
5). Water temperature (air temperature too if available)
6). Percentage of soft corals bleached [Names of organisms (scientific names
would be great if possible), both affected and not affected would be great]
7). Percentage of soft corals bleached relative to scleractinian corals
[Again, names of organisms (scientific names would be great if possible),
both affected and not affected would be great]
8). Other observations of reef organisms displaying bleaching
characteristics [Names of organisms (scientific names would be great if
possible), both affected and not affected would be great]

Because I am in the transition of moving from Australia to the US, I ask
that you email your response, for the moment, to the "Hotmail Address"
k_strychar@hotmail.com

Thanks, much appreciated.

Kevin Strychar.

******************************
Kevin Strychar, PhD Candidate
Central Queensland University
School of Biology and Environmental Science
North Rockhampton
Queensland 4702
Australia

Phone: 61-07-4930-9647
Fax: 61-07-4930-9209
email: k.strychar@cqu.edu.au

"I don t know the key to success, but the key to failure is trying to please
everybody." Bill Cosby (1937- ) ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and
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Subject: reefs
Date: Fri, 25 Jan 2002 16:00:32 +0100 (MEZ)
From: Markus Bertling <bertlin@uni-muenster.de>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-listers,
o.k., after the last message from Nicole, it probably has become obvious
that there are various "reefs" to various people. Her definition
> A reef is a hard bottom near enough to the surface to damage a boat.
is the nautical one, and there is a "reef" for (at least South African)
miners (= any ore deposit occuring in layers). Both should be off the
topic for the target group of this list, i.e. biologists, ecologists and
palaeontologists. The definition of Mike Risk and me tries to include what
these people (might) have in mind when speaking/reading of a reef...
Have a nice weekend,
Markus
======================================================================
                      Markus Bertling, Ph.D.
                 Museum Curator and Collection Manager
            Geologisch-Palaeontologisches Institut und Museum
                          Pferdegasse 3
                        D- 48143 Muenster
                             Germany
e-mail: bertlin@uni-muenster.de         fax: ..49 - 251 - 83 248 91
                                      phone: ..49 - 251 - 83 239 42
                  http://www.uni-muenster.de/Geomuseum/
======================================================================

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Subject: ISRS European Meeting 2002
Date: Fri, 25 Jan 2002 17:15:07 +0000 (GMT)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Further details of the plenary talks and the thematic sessions to be
offered at the ISRS European Meeting in Cambridge, UK 4-7 September 2002
are now available at www.isrs2002.org along with meeting registration
forms.  Potential participants are urged to contact session convenors as
soon as possible to secure a presentation slot in what we are sure will be
a high quality scientific gathering.

The deadline for early registration, with considerable savings over later
registration, is 15 February 2002.

For further information visit the website or contact the organisers at
info@isrs2002.org

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Subject: coral mining
Date: Fri, 25 Jan 2002 19:02:15 -0000
From: "Sarah Karaviotis" <sarah.karaviotis@virgin.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

dear coral list,

I am currently studying the human impact of coral mining upon coral reefs in
SW Sulawesi, Indonesia. Apart from the 1988 Brown & Dunne paper on mining in
the Maldives, there appears to be a scarcity of literature on this
topic. Can anyone offer any assistance?

Many thanks,
Sarah Karaviotis

Subject: a good anthropogenic indicator needed
Date: Fri, 25 Jan 2002 15:17:57 -0500
From: "Brad Rosov" <brosov@tnc.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral Listers...
    The reef tract along the Florida Keys, as you all know, have been
degrading for years.  The Florida Keys Nature Conservancy has participated
in a near-shore water quality sampling program for years throughout the
keys.  These efforts have helped determine the amount of nutrients in the
near-shore water, among other things.  In an attempt to determine immediate
human-induced impact on the near-shore water quality, I am just beginning to
investigate an appropriate method for assessing this.  Caffeine is one such
indicator, but without very much investigation, I understand this is a
rather expensive method.  I would appreciate any advice on a cost effective
method to monitor anthropogenic impact on water quality.
       Brad Rosov
       Marine Conservation Program Manager
       The Florida Keys Nature Conservancy

Subject: Re: a good anthropogenic indicator needed
Date: Fri, 25 Jan 2002 20:28:50 -0500
From: McCarty and Peters <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>
To: Coral Reef List Server <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Brad,

>> In an attempt to determine immediate human-induced impact on the
near-shore water quality, I am just beginning to investigate an appropriate
method for assessing this.  Caffeine is one such indicator, but without
very much investigation, I understand this is a rather expensive method. <<

One, what do you call "expensive?"  Yes, an analysis for caffeine is going
to cost more than simple nutrients like N and P.  A simple HPLC method
should not break the bank and would be easy to set up.

Two, caffeine is not necessarily a conservative tracer in the environment,
nor is it easy to determine the relationship between observed caffeine
concentrations and other parameters.  For example, it may be indicative of
the transfer of groundwater from septic systems or a point source input
from a POTW.  It says nothing about surface runoff or other sources.  But
even within a septic context, there are bound to be major differences in
the inputs to different septic systems, transfer rates to the environment,
etc.  Not to mention those folks who have gone decaff.

Ad of course, it has not been demonstrated to be harmful to the reef
environment.  However, it will act nothing like many other anthropogenic
inputs that clearly are toxic.

I suggest you keep looking...

Chip McCarty
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Subject: Re: a good anthropogenic indicator needed
Date: Sat, 26 Jan 2002 10:55:18 -0500
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: "McCarty and Peters" <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>,
     "Coral Reef List Server" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Try delta 15-N in algae or coral tissue. See work by Lapointe, Heikoop, etc.
Cost is approx. $20 a pop, commercially.

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Subject: Re: coral mining
Date: Mon, 28 Jan 2002 08:47:43 +0100
From: kochzius@uni-bremen.de
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Sahra!

This reference might be interesting:
Shepherd ARD, Warwick RM, Clarke Kr, Brown BE (1992) An analysis of fish
community response to coral mining in the Maldives. Environmental Biology
of Fishes 33: 367-380

Best fishes

Marc

At 19:02 25.01.02 +0000, you wrote:
>dear coral list,
>
>I am currently studying the human impact of coral mining upon coral reefs
>in SW Sulawesi, Indonesia. Apart from the 1988 Brown & Dunne paper on
>mining in the Maldives, there appears to be a scarcity of literature on
>this topic. Can anyone offer any assistance?
>
>Many thanks,
>Sarah Karaviotis

 ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
Marc Kochzius
Zentrum fuer Marine Tropenoekologie (ZMT)
Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology
University of Bremen
Fahrenheitstr. 6
28359 Bremen
Germany

Tel.:+49 +421 23800-57 (Office) please note new number!
      +49 +421 218-7679 (Lab)
      +49 +421 23800-21 (ZMT Secretary)
Fax: +49 +421 23800-30 or -40

ZMT Webpage:  www.zmt.uni-bremen.de
Reef Webpage: www.oceanium.de
<>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <><

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Re: a good anthropogenic indicator needed
Date: Mon, 28 Jan 2002 09:46:55 -0500
From: Deevon Quirolo <deevon@bellsouth.net>
To: <brosov@tnc.org>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

N-15 (nitrogen) can trace human sewage.  Regards, DeeVon, Reef Relief

At 03:17 PM 1/25/02 -0500, Brad Rosov wrote:

> Dear Coral Listers...
>     The reef tract along the Florida Keys, as you all know, have been
> degrading for years.  The Florida Keys Nature Conservancy has participated
> in a near-shore water quality sampling program for years throughout the
> keys.  These efforts have helped determine the amount of nutrients in the
> near-shore water, among other things.  In an attempt to determine
> immediate human-induced impact on the near-shore water quality, I am just
> beginning to investigate an appropriate method for assessing this.
> Caffeine is one such indicator, but without very much investigation, I
> understand this is a rather expensive method.  I would appreciate any
> advice on a cost effective method to monitor anthropogenic impact on water
> quality.
>        Brad Rosov
>        Marine Conservation Program Manager
>        The Florida Keys Nature Conservancy

DeeVon Quirolo, Executive Director
Reef Relief, a non profit grassroots organization dedicated to Preserve and
Protect
Living Coral Reefs through Local, Regional and International Efforts
www.reefrelief.org  P.O. Box 430, Key West, Fl. 33041 tel (305) 294-3100 fax
(305) 293-9515

Subject: Re: legal definition of a reef
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2002 09:56:04 +1000
From: Kathleen Swalling <kathleen@gbrmpa.gov.au>
Organization: Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
To: Nicole <Research@Delta-Seven.com>
CC: John Dawson <jdwsn@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
     Greg Rose <greg_rose@uow.edu.au>

Although, I have been loathe to enter this discussion as there seems to be a
myriad of views that remain & possibly will remain unresolved.  on the legal
side I can say this:

1. Statute law is based on policy (& obviously, politics, economics and
social
conventions of the day). Once the policy is formed then the law can be
created
to effect it.  i.e. once a decision on the definition of a reef is made
statute
law can be used to effect it.

In common law countries the judiciary might create a definition of 'reef' to
decide a case but where the government is sovereign it will be able to
overide
any definition with statute law (once again based on policy (an agreed
definition of the term 'reef' that extolls a country/states policy).

2. Law is jurisdictionally dependent (in a federal system there may be 2
jurisdictions: national and state) unless international law (then it may be
treaty based or customary (based on custom).  Treaty based law only every
binds
ratifying parties.

3. It might be possible to propose a 'soft law' definition of 'reef' to
which
nation state legislators could look for uniformity of definition but agree
and
bind international parties to the definition would require some sort of
treaty
ratification.  By 'soft law' I mean something like Agenda 21.  This may be
useful in encouraging parties to a global definition, understanding.

I hope this helps, a little.

Regards
Kathleen

Please note the views in this email reflect those of the writer only and not
the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.

Kathleen Swalling
Senior Legal Officer
Legal Services Unit
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

Phone:  61 7 4750 0899
Fax:    61 7 4772 6093

Email: kathleen@gbrmpa.gov.au
URL:   http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au
--------------------------------------------
IMPORTANT:  This transmission (including any attachment) is intended for the
use
of the addressee only and may contain confidential, commercially valuable or
legally privileged information.  If you are not the intended recipient, you
are
notified that any use, copying or dissemination of this communication is
strictly prohibited.  If you have received this transmission in error,
please
notify the sender or this Office immediately by telephone then delete the
original transmission and any copies.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Kathleen Swalling <kathleen@gbrmpa.gov.au>
  Senior Legal Officer
  Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
  Legal Services Unit

  Kathleen Swalling
  Senior Legal Officer                      <kathleen@gbrmpa.gov.au>
  Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
  Legal Services Unit
  2-68 Flinders Street PO Box 1379          Fax: 61 7 4772 6093
  TOWNSVILLE                                Work: 61 7 4750 0899
  QLD
  4810
  Additional Information:
  Last Name    Swalling
  First Name   Kathleen
  Version      2.1

Subject: Re: coral mining
Date: Tue, 29 Jan 2002 04:07:30 +0000 (GMT)
From: Abigail Moore <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral -Listers
Unfortunately I did not catch Sarah's initial letter.
I work in Central Sulawesi, where Coral mining is also
a severe problem. It really would indeed be good to
know about any info on this subject, and also how to
get it! Especially for those of us without access to
major (or indeed any)paper libraries.
Good luck Sarah, and feel free to contact me directly
re Sulawesi (though a slightly different region) if
you would like!
All the best

Abigail

Abigail Moore MSc
Yayasan Adi Citra Lestari
Jl Tendean No 7
Palu 94111
Sulteng
Indonesia
abigailyacl@yahoo.com


--- kochzius@uni-bremen.de wrote: > Dear Sahra!
>
> This reference might be interesting:
> Shepherd ARD, Warwick RM, Clarke Kr, Brown BE (1992)
> An analysis of fish
> community response to coral mining in the Maldives.
> Environmental Biology
> of Fishes 33: 367-380
>
> Best fishes
>
> Marc
>
> At 19:02 25.01.02 +0000, you wrote:
> >dear coral list,
> >
> >I am currently studying the human impact of coral
> mining upon coral reefs
> >in SW Sulawesi, Indonesia. Apart from the 1988
> Brown & Dunne paper on
> >mining in the Maldives, there appears to be a
> scarcity of literature on
> >this topic. Can anyone offer any assistance?
> >
> >Many thanks,
> >Sarah Karaviotis
>
>  ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
> ><>
> Marc Kochzius
> Zentrum fuer Marine Tropenoekologie (ZMT)
> Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology
> University of Bremen
> Fahrenheitstr. 6
> 28359 Bremen
> Germany
>
> Tel.:+49 +421 23800-57 (Office) please note new
> number!
>       +49 +421 218-7679 (Lab)
>       +49 +421 23800-21 (ZMT Secretary)
> Fax: +49 +421 23800-30 or -40
>
> ZMT Webpage:  www.zmt.uni-bremen.de
> Reef Webpage: www.oceanium.de
> <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
> <><
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to
> coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on
> Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: coral-list-daily V2 #327
Date: Wed, 30 Jan 2002 14:33:20 -0500
From: "Jim Bohnsack" <Jim.Bohnsack@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I would check with the Sanctuary Programs Office at NOAA.  In 1983 I sent my
materials to
Caroll Curtis at that office.  They should have some record.  Also, the
Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary may have leads if you have not yet checked them out.  I
suspected that when
they took my original aerial photos of Looe Key Reef I would never see them
again.

coral-list-daily wrote:

> coral-list-daily      Saturday, January 19 2002      Volume 02 : Number
327
>
> Pennekamp coral reef slides
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2002 08:53:36 -0500
> From: "Adriana Cantillo" <Adriana.Cantillo@noaa.gov>
> Subject: Pennekamp coral reef slides
>
> This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
> - --------------1FA93B041D218C90DF425FAC
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; x-mac-type="54455854";
x-mac-creator="4D4F5353"
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>
> Hello,
>
> We are in the process of converting the late 1970s assessment of the
> Pennekamp coral reefs (off Key Largo, Florida) written by Dr. Gilbert
> Voss (University of Miami) into electronic form for publication as part
> of a document rescue effort. Dr. Voss sent the slides taken during the
> assessment to the NOAA Sanctuaries Program Division. The person who
> received the slides is no longer listed in the NOAA personnel directory.
> Does anyone know where the slides are? Our goal is to include scans of
> the slides in the CD containing the Voss Pennekamp report to make the
> photographic material available.
>
> If you know anything about the Pennekamp slides, please let us know.
>
> The document rescue effort is part of the Coastal and Estuarine
> Data/Document Archeology and Rescue (CEDAR) Project for South Florida.
> Documents rescued to date can be found here
> <http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/CEDAR.htm>.
>
> The latest CEDAR publication is the Dry Tortugas field diary of Dr.
> Charles M. Breder, Jr. During the summer of 1929, Dr. Breder, employed
> at that time by the New York Aquarium and American Museum of Natural
> History, visited the Carnegie Laboratory in the Dry Tortugas to study
> the development and habits of flying fishes and their allies. The diary
> of the trip was donated to the Mote Marine Laboratory Library by his
> family. Dr. Breder's meticulous handwritten account gives us the
> opportunity to see the simple yet great details of his observations and
> field experiments. The introduction to the transcribed diary was written
> by Dr. Eugenie Clark, one of his students.
>
> Dr. Breder's diary is available in PDF format online here
> (<http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/cedardoc.html>, scroll down to
> Cantillo, Collins and Clark). A CD version of the diary is available.
> Please contact me for a copy.
>
> As other publications of interest to the corals community become
> available a note will be posted.
>
> Thank you.
>
> Dr. Adriana Cantillo
> NOAA/NOS/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
>
> - --------------1FA93B041D218C90DF425FAC
> Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii;
>  name="Adriana.Cantillo.vcf"
> Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
> Content-Description: Card for Adriana Cantillo
> Content-Disposition: attachment;
>  filename="Adriana.Cantillo.vcf"
>
> begin:vcard
> n:Cantillo;Dr. Adriana
> x-mozilla-html:FALSE
> org:NOAA/National Ocean Service
> adr:;;;;;;
> version:2.1
> email;internet:Adriana.Cantillo@NOAA.GOV
> title:Chemist
> x-mozilla-cpt:;3
> end:vcard
>
> - --------------1FA93B041D218C90DF425FAC--
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
> ------------------------------
>
> End of coral-list-daily V2 #327
> *******************************
>
> ~~~~~~~
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> digests, please visit www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

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Subject: bleaching
Date: Wed, 30 Jan 2002 19:54:46 +0000 (GMT Standard Time)
From: Marianne Fish <M.Fish@uea.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

I'm hoping to carry out research on bleaching of coral
reefs in the Caribbean as part of an MSc project and
wondered if anyone was aware of any current bleaching
events?

Thank you in advance,
Marianne Fish

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Subject: Technical advisor position, Tanzania
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2002 15:44:54 +0300
From: Sue Wells <SMW@iucnearo.org>
To: "'coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

The following is a re-advertisement of a position advertised last year, but
for which the project was subsequently delayed.  Please do not respond to me
directly, but as requested in the advert.  Thanks.

TECHNICAL ADVISOR
Development of Mnazi Bay-Ruvuma Estuary Marine Park Project
Based in Mnazi Bay, Mtwara District, Tanzania

The World Conservation Union is an international organization that seeks to
influence, encourage and assist societies throughout the world to conserve
the integrity and diversity of nature, and to ensure that any use of natural
resources is ecologically sustainable and equitable.
The Eastern Africa Regional Office (EARO) of IUCN will be implementing a GEF
funded project to develop a multiple-use marine park to protect significant
and threatened marine biodiversity of the Mnazi-Bay and Ruvuma Estuary
Marine Park. The project will be for four years and aims at enable local
communities and government stakeholders to protect effectively and utilise
sustainably the marine biodiversity and resources of the park.
IUCN EARO is looking for an experienced professional as the Technical
Advisor (TA) to implement the project with the Marine Parks and Reserve Unit
of the Tanzanian Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism. The TA will play
a supportive role to the Manager of the Marine Parks and Reserves Unit and
will work closely with the Project Co-ordinator/Warden and other project
staff.  He/She will be the focal point for the co-ordination and delivery of
the overall IUCN technical assistance programme under the project and
management of the project finances.
He/she will need technical expertise and direct experience in the following
areas:

*       Experience with marine protected areas establishment and
development;

*       Community-based natural resource management and/or biodiversity
conservation, including an appreciation of gender and poverty issues;
*
*       Appreciation of marine resource management issues

The ideal candidates should have:
*       Minimum Masters degree in environmental management, fisheries
management , marine ecology or related discipline and with at least ten
years experience working in a field related to marine conservation;
*
*       Project management experience, including multi-displinary team
management, financial; management and procurement;
*       Proficiency in spoken and written English, Fluency or working
knowledge of Kiswahili would be an added advantage;
*       Exceptional communications, negotiation and liason skills.
The contract will be for two years, renewable, and will start as soon as
possible.  Applicants should submit their detailed CV with contacts of three
referees to: the Regional Representative, IUCN EARO, P.O. Box 68200,
Nairobi, Kenya, fax: 254-2-890615, by 28th February 2002.  Only shortlisted
candidates will be contacted.
IUCN is an equal opportunity employer

Sue Wells
Co-ordinator, Marine and Coastal Programme
IUCN Eastern African Regional Office
P.O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya
Tel. (254) 2 890606; Fax (254) 2 890615
e-mail: smw@iucnearo.org

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Subject: Bahrain pearl oyster
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2002 08:54:15 -0800 (PST)
From: Patrick MacDaniel <pmacdaniel_geo@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Is anyone aware of persons who are actively
researching Pinctada fucata, or is interested in doing
so?

I am currently working in Bahrain and was surprised to
learn that virtually no research has been done here on
this species (despite its historical significance).
The oyster banks (400 sq miles) have had 50-70 years
to recover since the end of commercial pearling. The
estimated biomass is much greater than it was a
century ago. My involvement has been limited to
occasional diving, but I have had problems getting
answers to many of my questions about the biology due
to the lack of research.

If someone wishes to investigate possible research
topics, I could put them into contact with some of the
relevant people.

Pat MacDaniel

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Great stuff seeking new owners in Yahoo! Auctions!
http://auctions.yahoo.com
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Subject: Florida Keys internships available
Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2002 17:54:48 -0500 (Eastern Standard Time)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Mote Marine Laboratory
Center for Tropical Research (CTR)Internships

Research at the CTR centers on coral physiology, environmental biology,
diseases and reef restoration. In addition to research by Mote scientists,
the CTR hosts visiting scientists and educational groups. Internships are
generally 4 months long (dates below are guidelines; there is some
flexibility) and designed to provide advanced undergraduates, recent
graduates and graduate students with practical marine science skills. All
interns assist with research projects, help visiting scientists and
students, perform general laboratory duties and develop a project of their
own. Other duties are associated with specific interests or projects as
listed below such as toxicology, coral diseases, reef restoration, etc.
and may need specific skills in addition to the general requirements.
Applications are now being accepted for the following internships:

Coral Culture Internship- Learn about operation and maintenance of closed
   coral aquaria and open seawater systems, coral culture techniques and
   water quality assessment.
available: IMMEDIATELY and year-round
skills: Experience with aquariums desirable but not required.

Toxicology - This project will be of interested in the effects of
   pollutants on the marine environment. Specifically, the intern will
   assist in experiments examining the effects of various contaminants on
   coral biology. The intern will also serve as a TA for a summer course,
   "Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms"
available: June-August, 2002
skills: Applicant should have good basic laboratory skills. Knowledge of
   ecotoxicology and Excel highly desirable. Experience with
   histopathology and/or microbiology helpful for assisting course.

General Requirements: Basic coursework in biology and chemistry, CPR and
First Aid certification is required. Advanced coursework and boat handling
experience desirable. Although SCUBA certification is NOT required,
interns desiring to participate in SCUBA activities must be able to meet
American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) standards. Little diving
occurs between November and March. An apartment is provided which may be
shared with other interns and/or graduate students.

Additional information on the CTR and current projects may be obtained
from our Website: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/ctrhome.phtml

Application materials should be requested from Andrea Davis, Mote Marine
Laboratory Intern Coordinator, at:
1 (800) 691-6683       or       email:  adavis@mote.org

Internship Period               Application deadline    Notification Date

1 January - 30 April            30 September            31 October
1 May - 31 August               28 February             30 March
1 September - 20 December       30 June                 31 July


<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 745-2729
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 745-2730
Center for Tropical Research        Email: emueller@mote.org
24244 Overseas Highway (US 1)
Summerland Key, FL   33042

Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml

Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral Disease course in the Florida Keys
Date: Fri, 1 Feb 2002 18:12:00 -0500 (Eastern Standard Time)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Advanced Courses in Tropical Marine Sciences
Mote Marine Laboratory's Center for Tropical Research
6-14 July, 2002

The following course is being offered for advanced undergraduates and
graduate students. Working professionals desiring to gain current
information in these topic areas are also encouraged to apply. The
course will be limited to 12 students.

*************************************************************************

Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms
Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., and Robert B. Jonas, Ph.D.
George Mason University

Description: During the last two decades, the potential for severe impacts
to coral reef populations and communities from the effects of various
diseases has been recognized. Diseases have been described affecting
corals, fish, coralline algae, and sea urchins, sometimes with
wide-ranging effects. This course will introduce students to the field of
pathobiology of marine organisms. The focus of lectures, dives and
laboratory sessions will be on diseases affecting hard corals, but
information will also be presented on diseases of other reef organisms.
Methods of studying diseases will include collection of field monitoring
data and physiological, histological and microbiological techniques. The
course will provide students with a state-of-the-art overview of reef
pathobiology, experience with relevant techniques, and an understanding of
the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its study.

Prerequisites: College level biology courses and SCUBA certification are
required. Divers must meet AAUS standards for "Diver-in-Training" status.
This includes medical clearance, completion of forms and acceptance by the
Mote Marine Laboratory Diving Safety Officer. Divers coming from AAUS
institutions will need a letter of reciprocity from their Dive Safety
Officer attesting to their dive status. All divers will have an in-water
check-out prior to final approval for course diving. Courses in
invertebrate
zoology, microbiology, ecology, chemistry, biochemistry, physiology,
histology or marine sciences will be very helpful.

Credit: Mote Marine Laboratory does not offer credit, however, it may be
possible to arrange credit through your home institution for directed
studies,
research courses, etc. Consult your faculty advisor. It is also possible
to obtain 3 credit hours from George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. For
information on credit requirements, contact Dr. Peters (epeters2@gmu.edu)
and contact Dr. Jonas (rjonas@gmu.edu)concerning registration procedures
and tuition fees.

Costs: The course fee of $1,100.00 US includes all course materials,
accommodations, meals (dinner, 7/6 through breakfast on 7/14), SCUBA costs
and weights. Participants should provide mask, fins and snorkel and, if
diving, their own regulator, BCD and weight belt (rentals can be arranged
if required).

Key  Dates

  29 March,2002 - Application receipt deadline.
  3 May,   2002 - Email notification of acceptance.
                  Packets, including dive forms, mailed out.
  31 May,  2002 - Deposit ($300.00) receipt date.
  14 June, 2002 - Last day to withdraw with deposit refund.
                  Balance and dive forms due.
  6 July,  2002 - Course starts.

The application form may be printed from our Website:

                        http://www.mote.org/~emueller/ctrhome.phtml

For more information, contact:

        Course Director                 email: ctr-info@mote.org
        Mote Marine Laboratory
        Center for Tropical Research
        24244 Overseas Highway
        Summerland Key, FL 33042

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 745-2729
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 745-2730
Center for Tropical Research        Email: emueller@mote.org
24244 Overseas Highway (US 1)
Summerland Key, FL   33042

Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml

Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: rotational diving
Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2002 08:05:43 +0200
From: "Bridget Armstrong" <b.e@mweb.co.za>
To: "coral list news" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all
Can you please advise on the usefulness of rotating popular dive sites to
prevent cumulative damage at certain sites ? My gut feel is that the
rotational times would have to be quite lengthy (tens of years ?) to allow
for the recovery times of any damaged coral - making it impractical in
reality.

Do any of you practise this method of mitigating diver impacts, and has it
proved effective ?

Would it not be preferable to rather spread the diving effort over a larger
area, and impose a limit on the number of divers so that each site has a
ecologically sustainable diving intensity ? This is obviously within a
framework of having a network of permanently designated no-diving areas
(sanctuaries).

Many thanks
Bridget Armstrong
KZN Wildlife
South Africa

Subject: ISRS conference - Molecular Biology session
Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2002 11:05:31 +0000
From: nmdalt <M.D.A.Le-Tissier@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Colleague,

As part of the forthcoming European International Society for Reef Studies
(ISRS) Meeting in Cambridge, England, (4-7th September 2002), I am
convening a Thematic Session on:

"Advances in molecular biology and their application to reef sciences"

I am looking for about eight oral presentations, as well as additional
poster presentations. If you are interested in contributing to this
Thematic Session, please contact me by e-mail (contact details at the foot
of this message).  Please indicate whether you are interested in
presenting a poster, or making an oral presentation. I will do my best to
meet peoples requests, but, due to the limited number of oral
presentation slots available, I may have to ask some people to consider
giving a poster.

For further information on the Conference (other Thematic sessions,
Registration and Abstract submission details etc.), see: www.isrs2002.org

Please note the following deadlines:

a) Deadline for cheaper Conference Registration: 15th February (but note
that registrations at the higher rate can be accepted up until 21st
August)

b) Deadline for receipt of Abstracts: 1st June Please also note that if
you are submitting an Abstract for a Thematic Session, you should send
copies of your abstract to the Session Convenors, as well as to the
central Conference address.

I look forward to hearing from you. Please feel free to contact me with
any specific questions. Also, please pass this message on to any of your
colleagues who might be interested.

Best wishes,

Martin

Dr Martin Le Tissier
Centre for Coastal Management
Dept of Marine Sciences & Coastal Management
Ridley Building
University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU
UK
tel. +44 (0)191 2226673
fax. +44 (0)191 2227891
www.ncl.ac.uk/ccm

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Summer Courses in Bermuda
Date: Mon, 4 Feb 2002 20:28:47 -0400
From: Fred Lipschultz <fred@bbsr.edu>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Colleague,

The Bermuda Biological Station for Research is pleased to announce its
2002 Summer Course offerings.  These courses are for advanced
undergraduates and beginning graduate students.  The courses are all field
intensive and participation is limited to maximize interaction with the
instructors. Please review the course offerings and forward the
information to any interested students or colleagues.

Significant scholarship awards are available to qualified applicants.

The deadline for application is March 15, 2002.  Please alert your
students to these courses by directing them to our website
(http://www.bbsr.edu/Education/summercourses/summercourses.html) for
application details or by forwarding this email to them.

For more information, contact education@bbsr.edu .

******************************************************************

Chemosensory Neurobiology in the Marine Environment  -  June 16 - July 5
Marine Ecotoxicology - June 16 - July 5
Coral Reef Ecology  -  July 28 - August 18

******************************************************************

Chemosensory Neurobiology in the Marine Environment.
Dr. Hank  Trapido-Rosenthal, BBSR
Dr. Charles Derby, Georgia State University.
In this course, students will study chemosensory neurobiology in the marine
environment at the physiological, biochemical and molecular levels.
Receptor cell electrophysiology, immunocytochemistry, BrdU labeling of cell
proliferation, biochemistry of receptor and perireceptor phenomena, and
molecular biology techniques will be applied to the study of novel research
questions relating to chemical sensing. This course is designed to benefit
graduate students and advanced undergraduates who have interests in
organismal, systems, cellular or molecular biology.

Marine Ecotoxicology. Dr. Jack Manock, University of North Carolina; Dr.
Peter Wells, Environment Canada; Dr. Richard Owen, BBSR; Dr. Michael
Depledge, University of Plymouth
The three-week course focuses on current issues in marine ecotoxicology,
assessing the impacts of anthropogenic substances using a wide range of
chemical and bioassay analyses.  Students perform chemical analyses and
marine microscale bioassays on samples they collect from three near-shore
environments.  Results are reported and discussed in the overall context of
performing ecological risk management decisions and assessing the
biological effects resulting from organisms exposed to anthropogenic
compounds.

Coral Reef Ecology.  Dr. Alexandra Amat; Dr. Jo Pitt, BBSR
An integrated introduction and exposure to active areas of research
covering physiology, photosynthesis, population biology, competition,
ecosystems and human impacts.  Field measurements and subsequent lab
analyses provide practical training in common methods of reef studies such
as photosynthesis, calcification, species surveys, fish behavior, larval
recruitment and algal growth.  The course requires SCUBA certification.

Thank you for your attention

Fred Lipschultz
Bermuda Biological Station for Research

P.S. I apologize if you receive multiple copies of this message.

-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

                        Dr.Fredric Lipschultz
                      Senior Research Scientist
                      Head of Academic Affairs
              Bermuda Biological Station for Research
                     Ferry Reach, GE01,  BERMUDA

Phone:  (441) 297-1880 x217             internet:  fred@bbsr.edu
FAX:    (441) 297-8143                  BBSR Homepage http://www.bbsr.edu/
 <><         <><           <><           <><           <><           <><

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: wanted: PhD position
Date: Tue, 05 Feb 2002 14:09:29 +0000
From: "Thea Linke" <thealinke@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear  Coral-listers!

I am a graduate from Hamburg University (Germany) where I studied biology
with hydrobiology/marine biology as my major subject and finished with a
first class diploma. Now I am looking for a PhD-position and am very
interested in coral reef ecology, sustainability and management. In this
context I've already made the following experiences:

- various seagoing cruises on research vessels
- 12 years diving experience (PADI divemaster) mainly in the
australasian region
- scientific diving as part of an australian coral reef monitoring   project
- completion of my thesis in Perth, Western Australia (in english)
- completion of labs and seminars on coral ecology

It would be great to hear back from anyone who has a vacancy on a project or
can point me in the right direction as to where to ask. Thanks a lot!

Best wishes

Thea Linke
Institut fuer Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft
Universitaet Hamburg
thealinke@hotmail.com

_________________________________________________________________
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Socioeconomic Manual on web by chapter
Date: Tue, 05 Feb 2002 14:41:32 -0500
From: "Leah Bunce" <Leah.Bunce@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The Socioeconomic Manual for Coral Reef Management released by the Global
Coral Reef Monitoring Network at the 5th ICRS is now available split by
chapter at:

http://wcpa.iucn.org/biome/marine/socioecon.html

Happy downloading,
Leah
--
Leah Bunce, Ph.D.
International Program Office
National Ocean Service, NOAA
1315 East-West Highway N/IP #5839
Silver Spring, MD  20910  USA

(301) 713-3078x222; fax - 4263
Leah.Bunce@noaa.gov

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Scientific and legal definitions of reefs
Date: Wed, 6 Feb 2002 14:15:50 -0500
From: goldberg@fiu.edu
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral List:
The original inquiry that prompted so many responses is
whether there is a legal definition of 'reef'. The short
answer is no because, as some have pointed out, the term
itself is vague from almost any perspective except as
nautical jargon (e.g., a hazard to navigation(1). A
definition of coral reefs has generated a debate on many
issues including the geological perspectives of frame
building and net rates of accretion (2), vs. the
biological ones of what constitutes the biota and its
dynamics over time(3). There have even been disagreements
concerning the use of the term 'coral community'(4). Since
coral reefs may include (to be clear) 'living biotic
assemblages' with scleractinian coral cover ranging from 1.3
to nearly 100%(5), and may include appreciable contributions
from non-scleractinian as well as non-cnidarian sources(6),
it is doubtful that a consensual scientific definition of
coral reef will be forthcoming any time soon. A legal
definition of coral reefs and related environments is
another matter. The U.S. Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000
defines 'coral reef' as "any reefs or shoals composed
primarily of corals", and 'coral reef ecosystem' as "coral
and other species of reef organisms (including reef plants)
associated with coral reefs, and the nonliving environmental
factors that directly affect coral reefs, that together
function as an ecological unit in nature" (7). NOAA
regulations for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
define 'Coral reefs' to include "the hard bottoms,
deep-water banks, patch reefs, and outer bank reefs." A
'coral area' is "marine habitat where coral growth abounds
including patch reefs, outer bank reefs, deepwater banks,
and hardbottoms" (8). These legal descriptions will do
little to clarify the scientific debate, but for natural
resource trustees seeking to recover damages, a general
definition may be more useful than a specific one.
A Thumnail Reference List

1. Kleypas et al. 2001. The future of coral reefs in an age
of global change. Int. J. Earth Sci. 90: 426-437.

2. Ref 1 above; Riegl & Piller. 1999. Coral frameworks
revisited- reefs and coral carpets in the Red Sea. Coral
Reefs 18: 241-253.

3. Hubbard 1997. Reefs as dynamic systems In: Life & Death
in Coral Reefs, Chapman & Hall Pub.,
pp. 43-67. Schumacher & Zibrowius 1985. What is hermatypic?
A redefinition of ecological groups in corals and other
organisms. Coral Reefs 4: 1-9

4. Riegl & Pillar as above; Geister 1983. Holocene West
Indian coral reefs: geomorphology, ecology and facies.
Facies 9: 173-284

5. Weber 1973. Reef corals and coral reefs in the vicinity
of Port Moresby, south coast of Papua, New Guinea. Pac. Sci.
27: 377-390; Burns 1985. Hard coral distribution and cold
water disturbances in south Florida: variation with depth
and location. Coral Reefs 4: 117-124.

6. Schumacher 1997. Soft corals as reef builders. 8th Intl.
Coral Reef Symp. Panama 1: 499-502. Lewis 1989. The ecology
of Millepora. Coral Reefs 8: 99-107. Zann & Bolton 1985. The
distribution, abundance & ecology of the blue coral
Heliopora coerulea (Pallas) in the Pacific. Coral Reefs 4:
125-134. Posey et al., 1984. A brief description of a
subtidal sabellariid (Polychaeta) reef on the southern
Oregon coast. Pac. Sci. 38: 28-33; Gore et al.,
1978. Community composition [of] subtropical sabellariid
worm reefs... Bull. Mar. Sci. 28: 221-248. Cuffey 1977.
Bryozoan contributions to reefs and bioherms through
geologic time. In: Reefs and Related Carbonates-Ecology &
Sedimentology. AAPG Studies in Geology 4, pp. 181-194.
Lang et al., 1975. Sclerosponges: Primary framework
constructors on the Jamaican deep fore-reef. J. Mar. Res.
33: 223-231. Ginsburg & Schroeder 1973. Growth and
submarine fossilization of algal cup reefs, Bermuda.
Sedimentology 20: 575-614; Safriel 1974. Vermetid gastropods
& intertidal reefs in Israel & Bermuda. Science 186: 1113-
1115.

7. 16 United States Code 6401, section 6409; for purposes of
the statute 'corals' include all species of the anthozoan
orders Antipatharia (black corals), Scleractinia (stony
corals), Gorgonacea (horny corals), Stolonifera (organpipe
corals and others), Alcyanacea (soft corals), and
Coenothecalia (blue coral), as well as all species of the
order Hydrocorallina (fire corals and hydrocorals) of the
class Hydrozoa.

8. 15 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 922.162.
Statute citations courtesy of NOAA Office of General Counsel
for Ocean Services

Walter M. Goldberg
Professor of Biological Sciences
Department of Biological Sciences
Florida International University
Miami, FL 33199
e-mail goldberg@fiu.edu



~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Fwd: venom-l Invertebrate venoms
Date: Thu, 07 Feb 2002 10:48:02 -0300
From: "Jos A. Speroni" <jsperoni@enviroweb.org>
To: Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I'm forwarding this request from venom-l
May be someone can help.
Best regards
Jos

> Date: Fri, 01 Feb 2002 09:58:46 -0500
> From: Margaret Simpson <simpson@sbc.edu>
> To: Venom List <venom-l@icomm.ca>
> Subject: venom-l Invertebrate venoms
> Sender: owner-venom-l@icomm.ca
>
> Is there anyone out there interested in, or working on marine invertebrate
> venoms? My interest is with annelids, specifically Glycera.. It has been
> suggested that G. dibranchiata venom may resemble black widow spider venom
> in its mode of action. Any input on this would be welcome!
>
>     ---Margaret Simpson
>         Professor of Biology
>         Sweet Briar College
>         Sweet Briar, VA
>         (434) 381-6190
>         simpson@sbc.edu

Jos A. Speroni, DVM             E-mail: jsperoni@enviroweb.org
C.E.I.H.                                ar784@lafn.org
C.C. 18                                 cj313@ncf.ca
(7100) Dolores                  ICQ:    41190790
Buenos Aires                    Phone:  +54(2245)44-2350
REPBLICA  ARGENTINA            Fax:    +54(2245)44-0625

***********************************************************************
The CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIONES HERPETOLOGICAS
gratefully acknowledges the support received from:

Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag (Germany),  Mantella Publishing (UK)
Research Information Systems, Inc. (USA),  Reptilia (Spain)
Clark Development Company, Inc. (USA),  FTP Software, Inc. (USA)
Key Tronic Corporation (USA),  Colorado Memory Systems, Inc. (USA)
***********************************************************************
"Many feel that Gary Kildall, the inventor, should have received the dollars
and kudos that went to Bill Gates, the merchandiser." CS, Nov. 1994

Subject: artificial reefs vs. coral reefs
Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2002 15:50:46 -0400
From: Craig Lilyestrom <craig@caribe.net>
To: Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Recently, someone commented to me on the enormous quantity of fish
biomass present around some artificial reef units (concrete
structures designed by a well-known company) in Puerto Rico.  He did
not estimate the biomass, but rather described having to almost push
the fish out of the way with his hands, in order to swim forwards.
The units were installed several years ago.  The precise location of
these units is not public knowledge, and hence fishing effort on them
is minimal or non-existent.

My question is whether it is reasonable to assume that coral reefs
are potentially capable of sustaining similar quantities of fish
biomass, or whether this phenomenon is attributable to the particular
attractive feature of artificial reefs.  Coral reefs in Puerto Rico
are considered quite overfished, and the density of fish described on
the artificial reefs is never seen.

I'd appreciate any enlightenment.

--Craig
~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: artificial reefs vs. coral reefs
Date: Thu, 7 Feb 2002 15:08:41 -0600
From: "James Wiseman" <James.Wiseman@intec-hou.com>
To: <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Craig,

I believe you are in fact asking two separate questions in this post:

1: "Is it reasonable to assume that coral reefs are potentially capable of
sustaining similar quantities of fish biomass, or whether this phenomenon is
attributable to the particular attractive feature of artificial reefs."

2: Do artificial reefs that are maintained as harvest refugia hold more fish
than a reef where fishing is permitted.

Answer 1 - If the artificial reef is designed correctly, it's certainly
reasonable to compare its holding capacity to that of a natural reef, and
vice versa.  Is an artificial reef better at "aggregating" _fish_?  That is
a
good question I don't have the answer to.

Answer 2 - This seems self-evident as a resounding YES.

The reason I see the second question posed is your observation:

"Coral reefs in Puerto Rico are considered quite overfished, and the density
of fish described on the artificial reefs is never seen."

In my mind, it's certainly necessary to "factor out" marine protected areas
when comparing artificial reefs to natural reefs.  Do you have a MPA that
you
can observe and compare to the artificial reef location?  If so, I'd be very
interested to hear your results.

I hope this is of some assistance and raises further discussion.

James Wiseman
www.reefs.org

-----Original Message-----
From: Craig Lilyestrom [mailto:craig@caribe.net]
Sent: Thursday, February 07, 2002 1:51 PM
To: Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: artificial reefs vs. coral reefs

Recently, someone commented to me on the enormous quantity of fish
biomass present around some artificial reef units (concrete
structures designed by a well-known company) in Puerto Rico.  He did
not estimate the biomass, but rather described having to almost push
the fish out of the way with his hands, in order to swim forwards.
The units were installed several years ago.  The precise location of
these units is not public knowledge, and hence fishing effort on them
is minimal or non-existent.

My question is whether it is reasonable to assume that coral reefs
are potentially capable of sustaining similar quantities of fish
biomass, or whether this phenomenon is attributable to the particular
attractive feature of artificial reefs.  Coral reefs in Puerto Rico
are considered quite overfished, and the density of fish described on
the artificial reefs is never seen.

I'd appreciate any enlightenment.

--Craig
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: artificial reefs vs. coral reefs
Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2002 10:45:57 +1100
From: dfenner@telstra.easymail.com.au
To: craig@caribe.net
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Coralisters,
    Yes, there was a reef sites article in Coral Reefs a few years back by
Callum Roberts on a reef in Belize- highest density of fish ever recorded on
a reef- it was a reserve, but also a small reef area in a large area of sand
if I remember.  I've seen a small reef along a sandy shore in the
Philippines which was just crawling with fish.  A small reef in a sea of
sand is essentially what fishermen call a "fish-attracting device", as is an
artificial reef in a similar situation.  I'd suggest quantifiying the fish
abundance.  The problem will come when the fishermen find it.  Then they can
take the fish, and the artificial reef becomes a fish attracting device
(FAD) that just helps the fishermen deplete the fish stocks further, as once
they have fished it out, more fish will come in and be fished out, etc.  The
huge heavy "reef balls" can snare nets and keep fishermen using nets out,
but those using traps, hook & line, etc can still readily fish them.  One
solution might be to!
 declare the artificial reef area a reserve, but only if it can be enforced.
And best not to do that if the fishermen don't know where it is- that would
just advertise its location.
    Hope it goes well!  -Doug Fenner, Australian Institute of Marine
Science.
~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Job Announcement
Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2002 16:59:33 +1000
From: "Robert Richmond" <richmond@uog9.uog.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Could you please post the following job announcement.  Thanks

Robert H. Richmond, Ph.D.
Professor of Marine Biology
Marine Laboratory
University of Guam
UOG Station
Mangilao, Guam 96923 USA
Phone: 671-735-2188; Fax: 671-734-6767


Faculty Position in Tropical Marine Biology: Assistant/Associate Professor

The University of Guam Marine Laboratory invites applications for a
tenure-track, 12 month position in tropical marine biology, with an initial
contract period of 3 years, available as early as July 2002. Candidates are
sought with expertise in marine chemical ecology or marine natural products
chemistry. Applicants must have a Ph.D. from a U.S. accredited institution
or foreign equivalent in a relevant field, a strong record of research
accomplishments, ability to teach graduate level courses, and a willingness
to mentor and supervise both graduate (M.S.) and undergraduate students.
Applicants should send a C.V., statement of research and teaching interests
and plans, names and contact information of 3 references, copies of
representative publications, and copies of undergraduate and graduate
transcripts to: Marine Biology Search Committee, Human Resources Office,
University of Guam, UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923. Review will begin
April 1, 2002. For additional information, contact Dr. Robert Richmond,
search committee chair: richmond@uog9.uog.edu and see expanded job
description at http://www.uog.edu/hro An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative
Action Employer

Subject: ISRS meeting: Reef management session
Date: Fri, 8 Feb 2002 10:32:26 -0000
From: "Elizabeth Wood" <ewood@globalnet.co.uk>
To: "Coral list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

European meeting of the International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS)
Cambridge, England, (4-7th September 2002)

One of the themes at the meeting is 'Management of reefs, marine parks and
reef resources', and, as convenor of this session, I would like to invite
those of you working in these areas to consider submitting a paper for oral
presentation, or as a poster. Slots for oral presentation are very limited,
so please get in touch as soon possible if you would like to contribute. We
hope to cover a range of topics in this session, with an emphasis on
innovative approaches and practical solutions to management needs.

Please note the following deadlines:

a) Deadline for reduced rate Conference Registration: 15th February (but
note
that registrations at the higher rate can be accepted up until 21st
August)

b) Deadline for receipt of Abstracts: 1st June Please also note that if
you are submitting an Abstract for a Thematic Session, you should send
copies of your abstract to the Session Convenors, as well as to the
central Conference address.
For further information on the Conference (other Thematic sessions,
Registration and Abstract submission details etc.), see: www.isrs2002.org

Please pass this message on to any of your colleagues who might be
interested in the participating.

I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Best wishes,
Liz Wood
Dr Elizabeth Wood,
Coral Reef Conservation Officer,
Marine Conservation Society,
Hollybush, Chequers Lane,
Eversley, Hook, Hants RG27 ONY, UK
Tel 01189 734127
Fax 01189 731832




Subject:
Date: Fri, 08 Feb 2002 10:26:08 -0500
From: Peter Swart <pswart@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Call for submission of manuscripts

Special Issue on Environmental and Climatic Proxies in Reef Organisms

Vol. 22 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue entitled "Environmental
and Climatic Proxies in Reef Organisms." Papers are requested which will
focus on issues including geochemical signals and their calibration thereof
in corals and other reef organisms. Topics which might be applicable are the
use of geochemical and other indicators including stable C, O, and N
isotopes; trace elements in calcareous as well as organic components of the
reef ecosystem, and growth records which could document natural and
anthropogenic change in the reef environment. The purpose of the issue is to
provide further information on the reliability and calibration of proxies as
indicators of environmental change and reef health. Manuscripts may be
empirical or theoretical, long or short. Reviews and Reef Sites on an
appropriate theme are also welcome.

The issue (approximately 100 pages) will be published in 2003 as soon as 12
papers have been accepted; additional submissions will be considered for
publication in subsequent issues.

Papers should be submitted no later than August, 2002 and preferably before.
Papers should follow the guidelines for Coral Reefs and may be submitted to
the Guest Editors in pdf format.

Prospective authors should first contact the Guest Editors, Peter K. Swart
or Andrea Grotolli. To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be
submitted as soon as possible to either Dr. A. Grotolli or Dr. Swart.

Dr. Peter K. Swart
Geological Editor Coral Reefs
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami Fl 33149
305 361 4103
305 361 4632 (FAX)
email: Pswart@rsmas.miami.edu
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/faculty/pswart/pswart.htm

Dr. Andrea G. Grottoli, Assistant Professor
University of Pennsylvania
Department of Earth and Environmental Science
240 South 33rd Street, #162 Hayden Hall
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316
tel: 215-898-9269 (office) 215-898-6336 (lab)
fax: 215-898-0964
email: grottoli@sas.upenn.edu
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/earth/Andrea.html
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Dive In To Earth Day, April 15-22
Date: Fri, 08 Feb 2002 12:30:08 -0800
From: Dive In <divein@coral.org>
To: <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dive In To Earth Day Announcement
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org
------------------------------------

Tens of thousands of ocean lovers from around the world will celebrate Earth
Day, the most popular environmental campaign in history, by Diving In, April
15-22.  This year marks the third year of "Dive In To Earth Day", an
international event that encourages people to join together and take action
to help protect our planet's aquatic resources.

Dive In is a fun, inexpensive and highly effective way to reach out to your
community and involve them in marine conservation.  It's easy.  Anyone can
organize a Dive In event, or publicize their water-based Earth Day plans on
the Dive In website. Dive In activities are organized locally by non-profit
organizations, dive shops, community groups, scientists, aquariums,
teachers, and other marine enthusiasts.

The Dive In Website (http://divein.coralreefalliance.org) has all sorts of
useful tools for organizers, for example:
    - How-to Guides to Organizing an Underwater Clean-up
    - An Easy to Search Database of Dive In Activities
    - Tips for Making your Own Event Press Release
Plus, the first 200 people to add an activity to the Dive In website will
Receive free Dive In posters, to help promote their event.  All Dive In
activities are automatically posted on the Earth Day Network website.

Last year, more than 200 people organized Dive In activities in 46
countries, engaging approximately 32,000 participants worldwide.  Activities
included beach cleanups, aquarium exhibits, reef surveys, children's
snorkeling trips, art contests, mooring buoy installations and more.  Among
those taking part in the celebrations this year include celebrities such as
Leonardo DiCaprio, William Shatner, Dr. Sylvia Earle, Dr. Eugenie Clark and
Stan Waterman.

Please be a part of Dive In this year by organizing an activity in your
local community, or by helping us spread the word.  Together, let's create a
common theme of marine conservation this Earth Day!

For more information, visit: http://divein.coralreefalliance.org or contact
divein@coral.org

Regards,

Sherry Flumerfelt
Dive In To Earth Day Coordinator

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
2014 Shattuck Ave
Berkeley, CA 94704
Tel:(510) 848-0110
Fax:(510) 848-3720
Email: divein@coral.org
Toll-free number:1-888-CORAL REEF

http://divein.coralreefalliance.org

http://www.coralreefalliance.org

"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Information concerning the impact of the reduction of terrestrial runoff on mangrove ecosystems
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 12:30:13 +1100
From: "sebastien sarramegna" <SSarramegna@FALCONBRIDGE.NC>
To: "Coral-list (E-mail)" <Majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Coral-List (E-mail)" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Coral-List (E-mail)" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Coral-list (E-mail 2)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello,
I am a marine biologist (Ph D) and I am looking for papers, reports etc...
dealing with the impact of decreasing terrestrial runoff on the mangroves
ecosystems. I am also interested by all information on the impact of the
reduction of marine water influence on mangrove. For example, in case of
building a road, port. I am aware of the different ecological
characteristics of the mangroves ecosystems what I look for is more precise
examples.
Yours sincerely
Thank you for your help

> Sbastien SARRAMEGNA
> Service Environnement
> Falconbridge Nouvelle-Caldonie SAS
> 9, rue d'Austerlitz - Centre Ville
> B.P. MGA 08 - 98802 Nouma Cedex
> Tl : (687) 24.60.40
> Fax : (687) 24.60.49
> E-mail : ssarramegna@falconbridge.nc

>
                                   [Image]

---
Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free.
Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com).
Version: 6.0.317 / Virus Database: 176 - Release Date: 21/01/2002

Subject: moderation
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 12:16:01 GMT
From: coral-list admin <jch@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Coral-listers,

        I'm afraid we are starting to see some junk email coming through,
so I'm going to have to moderate the list for awhile until I can figure
out a way to keep them out.  Sorry for the inconvenience.

        Cheers,
        Jim Hendee
        coral-list admin

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Remembering Don
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 10:07:09 -0500
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Ocean Voice International" <oceans@superaje.com>

Dear People:

I have just received the Commemorative Edition of Sea Wind, the =
publication of Ocean Voice International. It has a good photo of Don =
McAllister on the cover, with that shock of white hair that would =
bristle at evildoers and ecological stupidity. As befits the impact Don
=
had on the field, there is a list of tributes in at least three =
languages, from a dozen countries. There are also articles on the damage
=
from trawling, MPA's, shrimp farming...

OVI has recovered from the loss of their leader and mentor, and is =
committed to carrying on in the same tradition: community-oriented =
management of the world's marine resources, especially coral reefs. I =
suggest subscribers to this list could do worse than to consider joining
=
OVI. You will never get a better deal. Regular membership is $25. =
Students, the unemployed and senior citizens (some of you may be all =
three!) can join for $10. Memberships are half-price in developing =
countries, a policy I commend to the publishers of scientific journals.
=
(All figures are in Canadian dollars, a debased currency-a student =
membership for someone in the USA is about the price of a Big Mac or a =
pint of good beer.) For this, members receive Sea Wind, published =
quarterly, and are encouraged to attend the Annual General Meeting.

OVI also has a list of ridiculously-priced publications, including the =
video "Coral divers say NO to cyanide" for $25, and the 72-page "Status
=
of the world ocean and its biodiversity", for $10. Canadian.

More information is available at http://www.ovi.ca or direct email to =
Ocean Voice International, oceans@superaje.com

------=_NextPart_000_0108_01C1B2E3.DE101200
Content-Type: text/html;
        charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D"MSHTML 5.00.2919.6307" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV>
<P>Dear People:</P>
<P>I have just received the Commemorative Edition of Sea Wind, the =
publication=20
of Ocean Voice International. It has a good photo of Don McAllister on =
the=20
cover, with that shock of white hair that would bristle at evildoers and
=

ecological stupidity. As befits the impact Don had on the field, there =
is a list=20
of tributes in at least three languages, from a dozen countries. There =
are also=20
articles on the damage from trawling, MPA&#8217;s, shrimp farming...</P>
<P>OVI has recovered from the loss of their leader and mentor, and is =
committed=20
to carrying on in the same tradition: community-oriented management of =
the=20
world&#8217;s marine resources, especially coral reefs. I suggest =
subscribers to this=20
list could do worse than to consider joining OVI. You will never get a =
better=20
deal. Regular membership is $25. Students, the unemployed and senior =
citizens=20
(some of you may be all three!) can join for $10. Memberships are =
half-price in=20
developing countries, a policy I commend to the publishers of scientific
=

journals. (All figures are in Canadian dollars, a debased currency-a =
student=20
membership for someone in the USA is about the price of a Big Mac or a =
pint of=20
good beer.) For this, members receive Sea Wind, published quarterly, and
=
are=20
encouraged to attend the Annual General Meeting.</P>
<P>OVI also has a list of ridiculously-priced publications, including =
the video=20
"Coral divers say NO to cyanide" for $25, and the 72-page "Status of the
=
world=20
ocean and its biodiversity", for $10. Canadian.</P>
<P>More information is available at http://www.ovi.ca or direct email to
=
Ocean=20
Voice International, oceans@superaje.com</P></DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_NextPart_000_0108_01C1B2E3.DE101200--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Tropical Marine Biology Summer Course
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 10:45:04 -0500
From: Danny Gleason <dgleason@gasou.edu>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings All,

I would appreciate it if you could make your students aware of our
Tropical Marine Biology summer course that will be held at Lee Stocking
Island, Bahamas during July 21 - August 5, 2002. We currently have 8
students signed up and can take up to 12. Students will receive 4 semester
hours of credit (undergraduate or graduate) that can be easily transferred
to their home institution. A $600 deposit is required by April 15. More
information about the course can be found at the following web site:
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Trop_Mar_Biol/TMB_Home_Page.html

Thanks for your help!

Cheers, Danny

**************************************
"Heck, we're invertebrates, my boy!  As a whole, we're
the movers and shakers on this planet!  Spineless
superheroes, that's what we are!"
Father Worm to his son in "There's a Hair in My Dirt -
A Worm Story" by Gary Larson
**************************************
Daniel Gleason
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University
P.O. Box 8042
Statesboro, GA  30460-8042

Phone: 912-681-5957
FAX: 912-681-0845
E-mail: dgleason@gasou.edu
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Gleason-home.html
**************************************

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Advice on bleaching
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 19:03:26 +0300
From: "M.G. Visram" <shak@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,=20

I am a PhD student on fieldwork in Kenya where my research interest is =
studying 'recovery' from coral bleaching.=20

I am seeking advice on how to artificially induce (in aquaria) bleaching
=
in any one of the following species - Porites cylindrica (branching =
Porites), Acropora humilis , Pocillopora verrucosae and Pocillopora =
damicornis.=20

My bleaching tank is set up as follows - the tank is outdoors (exposed =
to sunlight) and the seawater turns over once every 24 hours, the =
temperature averages around 32.5 degrees C, which is about 1 degree =
above maximum summer average temperature.=20

If anyone has worked with any of the above species, or has some helpful
=
suggestions, I would greatly appreciate it,=20

thanks,

S. Visram
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Advice on bleaching
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 19:03:26 +0300
From: "M.G. Visram" <shak@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

I am a PhD student on fieldwork in Kenya where my research interest is
studying 'recovery' from coral bleaching.

I am seeking advice on how to artificially induce (in aquaria) bleaching in
any one of the following species - Porites cylindrica (branching Porites),
Acropora humilis , Pocillopora verrucosae and Pocillopora damicornis.

My bleaching tank is set up as follows - the tank is outdoors (exposed to
sunlight) and the seawater turns over once every 24 hours, the temperature
averages around 32.5 degrees C, which is about 1 degree above maximum summer
average temperature.

If anyone has worked with any of the above species, or has some helpful
suggestions, I would greatly appreciate it,

thanks,

S. Visram

Subject: Field course, reef fish ecology
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 11:12:06 -0500
From: Sale Peter <sale@server.uwindsor.ca>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

New field course:  Ecology, Biology and Behavior of Coral Reef Fishes.

This course will be offered, May 19 - June 1, 2002, inclusive, by the
University of Windsor, at the University of Belize Institute of Marine
Studies facility in the Turneffe Islands, Belize.  Instructors are Drs.
Peter F. Sale, Stuart A. Ludsin and Jake Kritzer.  Intended for senior
undergraduate, or commencing graduate students.  Course fee is CDN$
1725.00 (US$ 1087.00), not including travel to Belize.  Places are
limited.  Full details available at www.uwindsor.ca/sale  (scroll down
to
the course title and click through).

Peter Sale
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Regional Meeting of ICRI
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 13:45:23 -0500
From: avk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com (Alessandra Vanzella Khouri)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Colleagues,

Please find attached for your information and dissemination as =
appropriate, the First Announcement for the upcoming Regional Workshop =
of the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) for the Tropical =
Americas, to be held in Cancun, Mexico, 27-29 May 2002 .

Please do not hesitate to contact the organisers for any additional =
information or comments. We look forward to hearing from you.

Sincerely,
 =20
Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri
Programme Officer
UNEP-CAR/RCU
14-20 Port Royal Street
Kingston, Jamaica

Ph (876) 922-9267/8/9
Fx  (876) 922-9292
email: avk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com
Web: www.cep.unep.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Oceans Day, Feb. 13, 2002
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 15:10:18 -0500
From: "John C. Ogden" <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

February 11, 2002                               Media Contact: Jim Murley
954-762-5255

 LEGISLATURE CELEBRATES FLORIDA OCEANS DAY

        The Florida Ocean Alliance is sponsoring a celebration for Florida
Oceans
Day on February 13th in Tallahassee.   Oceans Day events include more than
twenty ocean-related exhibits by Florida universities and private research
groups for legislators and government officials in the Capitol Rotunda
throughout the day on February 13th.  Other activities include a
presentation on "Ocean Priorities for Florida" by Dr. Sylvia Earle,
world-renowned scientist, author, Explorer in Residence at National
Geographic Society and former chief scientist at NOAA.  Mote Marine
Laboratory is also hosting a seafood reception for legislators and other
government officials to meet Mote scientists and educators.

        Oceans Day also promotes public awareness of the need to protect,
enhance,
and manage Florida's resources for future generations.  Healthy oceans are
critical for Florida's economy and to promote sustainable resources for all
Floridians.

        As part of the celebration, Secretary of State Katherine Harris is
issuing
a proclamation that recognizes the contributions of Dr. Sylvia Earle to
ocean exploration and conservation.  The Oceans Day events are sponsored
and organized by the Florida Ocean Alliance, the Florida Institute of
Oceanography and Mote Marine Laboratory.

        "The Florida Ocean Alliance is very pleased to have Dr. Sylvia
Earle speak to legislators on the importance of Florida's oceans to our
state's ecology and economy.  As an expert on ocean research, Director of
the Sustainable Seas Expedition, and as one of the world's Heroes of the
Planet, Dr. Earle is well prepared to discuss responsible stewardship of
ocean resources for Floridians," said David McDonald, Alliance chair and
Chairman of the Florida Ports Council.

        The Florida Ocean Alliance is a nonprofit, nonpartisan
public-private
partnership of government, academic, and private sectors formed in 1999 to
promote awareness and understanding of the ocean's importance to the
ecology and economy of Florida.  More information on the Alliance is
available at their website www.floridaoceanalliance.org.  The FAU/FIU Joint
Center for Environmental and Urban Problems serves as secretariat for the
Florida Ocean Alliance.

        The Alliance Board of Directors includes Chair, David McDonald of
the
Florida Ports Council, Vice Chair Dr. Kumar Mahadevan of Mote Marine
Laboratory, Dr. James Cato of Florida Sea Grant, Dr. Andrew Clark of Harris
Corporation/Maritime Communications Services, Dr. Duane DeFreese of
Hubbs-Sea World Research Institute, Timothy Edmond of Arvida, a St. Joe
company, Dr. John Ogden of the Florida Institute of Oceanography, Dr. Ellen
Prager of Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Jody Thomas
of The Nature Conservancy, Jim Walsh of Carnival Cruises, and Capt. William
Wright of Royal Caribbean International.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: CIRCoP is looking for Scientists able to talk about Coral Reefs
Date: Tue, 12 Feb 2002 01:38:10 GMT
From: "Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert" <fpl@circop.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

& Medical Research
Date: Mon, 11 Feb 2002 21:04:28 +0100
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear All,

In order to deal with a still uncovered but important topic during =
CIRCoP (Int'l Coral Reefs Conferences of Paris - www.circop.com - Paris,
=
Feb. 2003), we are looking for specialists of Medical Research on Coral
=
who could explain to attendees from General Public how important coral =
reefs can be for human health.

Financial conditions are exposed on the event's web site.=20

Please write to fpl@circop.com if you want to submit a Talk.

Best Regards
Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert
CIRCoP Project Director for R=E9cif France
http://www.circop.com, to Enjoy Great Protected Coral Reefs
Official CIRCoP Partners : VediorBis - Sony Computer France - Paris =
Int'l Dive Show
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Predators of sea Anemones
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2002 08:34:14 +0100
From: "chiara caligara" <chiaracaligara@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Does anybody know who are the predators of sea anemones?
Thank you,
Chiara Caligara

_________________________________________________________________
Discutez en ligne avec vos amis, essayez MSN Messenger :
http://messenger.msn.fr
~~~~~~~
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Subject: isrs-bioerosion session
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2002 15:31:04 +0100
From: marcos <info@gektidis.de>
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

European meeting of the International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS)
Cambridge, England, (4-7th September 2002)

Dear all,

I would like to invite those of you working in the field of Bioerosion
in reef environments to consider submitting a paper for oral
presentation, or as a poster.

We are limited to a total of 8 oral presentations. So please decide and
submit fast. As you can see below, the deadline for the reduced rate is
the 15th of febuary. For speakers of the bioerosion session this
deadline can be streched a bit further, but not much.

Deadlines:

a) Deadline for reduced rate conference registration: 15th february (but
note
that registrations at the higher rate can be accepted up until 21st
august)

b) Deadline for receipt of abstracts: 1st june. Please also note that if

you are submitting an abstract for a thematic session, you should send
copies of your abstract to the session convenors, as well as to the
central conference address. For further information klick to
www.isrs2002.org

Cheers,

Marcos Gektidis, PhD
Geologisch-Palontologisches Institut
Senckenberganlage 32-34
60054 Frankfurt am Main
Germany
Tel. +49 69 798 23215
FAX +49 69 798 22958
Mail to: info@gektidis.de
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Subject: Regarding zooplankton
Date: Wed, 13 Feb 2002 11:50:29 -0400
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-list,

Further to our discussion last year on the possibility of food shortage
as
a cause of mass coral bleaching and coral epidemics, I remain very
concerned that the declining abundance of oceanic zooplankton is an
important variable in the picture. I raised this question earlier - "is
tropical zooplankton declining also?" - and did not get much feedback
beyond a few offlist comments to the effect that the declines noted
elsewhere (e.g. off California) have been the result of decreased
vertical
mixing in ocean areas where mixing is more pronounced and so has a
greater
effect on productivity. Therefore, if zooplankton productivity is felt
to
be directly related to mixing, then I suppose a decline in the
not-very-mixed tropics would not be anticipated(?) However, zooplankton
is
declining markedly in the seemingly-normally-mixed North Atlantic - in
fact
there's lots of phytoplankton to indicate that mixing is occurring, but
zooplankton is declining nevertheless. I suspect that the decline is
related to the loss of fish, and fish spawn, which contributes
considerable
amounts of energy and nutrients to the plankton. What do you think of
this
idea? I find it intriguing, for instance, that the giant bluefin tuna
produces some of the smallest fish eggs in the sea, and that this fish
fattens itself in the temperate seas and then migrates to the tropics to
spawn millions of little food packages small enough to be consumed by a
coral polyp...

And of course, the reduction in the spawning stock of bluefin tuna has
been
considerable. I would appreciate any of your comments on this article:
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/fisheggs.html

sincerely,
Debbie MacKenzie

Abstract of article:

Declining numbers of oceanic zooplankton cannot be entirely accounted
for
by the climate-warming-induced slacking of upwelling currents. For
example,
the North Atlantic ocean offers a picture today of unusually low
zooplankton numbers in the presence of unusually high phytoplankton
numbers, a finding which runs directly contrary to expectations. The
life
histories of common zooplankton organisms (e.g. copepods) reveal that
while
juvenile stages are herbivorous, adult stages are not. They are
frequently
omnivores or carnivores. The reproduction of herbivorous zooplankton
therefore is not solely related to the availability of plant food. The
abundance and quality of carnivorous food available to the adult stages
also impacts directly on the successful reproduction of the herbivores.

Pelagic spawn released by marine fish and invertebrates is accessible
food
to these carnivorous zooplankton. The massive reduction in "spawning
stocks" of multiple marine species that has been induced by human
fishing
is therefore plausibly implicated in the current declining numbers of
zooplankton. Spawn production in the ocean has obviously declined with
the
elimination of spawning fish, and this gradual withdrawl of a rich
carnivorous food supply to the zooplankton may have negatively affected
their ability to reproduce. It also follows that total new organic
production (and carbon fixation) in the marine system will have been
reduced. The widespread declining trend in age and size at maturity in
marine fish and invertebrate species possibly represents a systemic
reaction to the falling density of zooplankton, in the form of an
increased
effort to produce spawn in compensation.

If fishing has "undercut" the zooplankton in this manner, and it seems
entirely plausible that it has, then one "unintended, unanticipated
negative consequence" of continued fish removals will be the collapse of
virtually the entire marine ecosystem. Continuing to focus our
explanatory
efforts solely on temperature changes and "global warming," despite
remarkable inconsistencies between predicted and observed effects,
merely
continues a long-ingrained human thought pattern of denial...denial of
the
full impact of our ruthless destruction of marine life...and perhaps
denial
that many of our earlier theories about how the ecosystem functions are
now
proving to be, to a rather significant extent, incorrect. For example,
the
concept of energy flowing in only a single direction in marine systems,
upwards through successively higher trophic levels, is challenged by
consideration of the significant quantity of energy that is actually
channelled directly downwards in the form of marine spawn. Although it
inevitably dissipates, energy can be seen to follow many circular routes
within the ecosystem, cycling along with nutrients. In this way, animate
marine life in total acts as a catalyst for the continuation of high
rates
or primary production...a greater abundance fish in the sea, therefore,
ultimately results in a higher rate of marine carbon fixation.
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Subject: Suitability functions/curves
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2002 11:48:00 -0000
From: "Paul Stampfl" <paulstampfl@eircom.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

With regard to a raster (GIS) based impact assessment study on coral
reef
and seagrass systems I am looking for suitability functions (optimum
curve,
limits) of abiotic parameters (temperature, salinity, depth,
PAR/turbidity
etc.) for seagrass species and coral families "groups" and species.

Any input is sincerely appreciated.

Paul
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Subject: nudibranch phd
Date: Thu, 14 Feb 2002 16:07:50 +0100
From: "Virginie Fruh" <v_fruh@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello everyone,

just wondering if you knew of any university or professor who would like to
supervise  PhD project on nudibranch feeding strategies, f. ex. do they
need to prey on toxic species (those who use them for own defence), or do
they use specific toxins for specific cases, etc..... in Canada, New
Zealand, or Australia? It's very difficult to find any information on
nudibranch phd programmes...as there might not be any!!

Thanks,
Virginie

Virginie Fruh

Ch. des Bruyres 14
1007 Lausanne
021 601.30.40
079 379.74.29
v_fruh@hotmail.com

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: Click Here
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Subject: Update on bleaching on the GBR
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 11:35:42 +1000
From: "Ray Berkelmans" <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>
To: <acrs-list-admin@jcu.edu.au>, <science@aims.gov.au>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all

Apologies for cross postings. As most of you will be aware, the Great
Barrier Reef (GBR) has been experiencing very hot temperatures this summer
and bleaching is being reported from many reefs spread from the southern to
the northern GBR. For the latest update on what we know so far, please visit
the update at: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/bleaching/index.html

We (the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and the Australian
Institute of Marine Science) are very keen to receive reports on what people
are seeing out there. If you have been out somewhere on the GBR, can you
please take the time to fill out an on-line bleaching form at the above web
site? Feedback is provided in the form of weekly updates on a map showing
all reports to date. Thanks to all those who have filled out forms so far.
Please keep them coming!

Best regards

Ray Berkelmans
Research Scientist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB 3
Townsville Q4810
Ph 061 7 47534268
Fax  061 7 47534429
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Subject: Butterflyfish (Family Chaetodontidae) Research and Monitoring
Date: Fri, 15 Feb 2002 12:42:09 -0500
From: "Crosby, Michael" <MCrosby@usaid.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

A MIDDLE EAST REGIONAL
SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM & WORKSHOP:

Butterflyfish (Family Chaetodontidae) Research and Monitoring

June 19-20, 2002
Aqaba, Jordan

Sponsors:
Marine Science Station (MSS)  University of Jordan/Yarmouk University
        Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority (ASEZA)
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Co-Chairs:
Dr. Maroof Khalaf  MSS [maroof@ju.edu.jo]
Dr. Michael P. Crosby - NOAA [mcrosby@usaid.gov  or
michael.crosby@noaa.gov]

PURPOSE

Butterflyfish (Family Chaetodontidae) serve as the focal point for many
coral reef research and monitoring efforts through the Indo-Pacific, in
general, and the Middle East region, more specifically.  However, despite
many informal discussions amongst leading butterflyfish researchers that
have identified the value in organizing a formal science symposium on the
state of research and monitoring of fishes of the family Chaetodontidae,
there has never been such a symposium held at an international level.
The MSS, ASEZA and NOAA are partnering together to sponsor this Regional
Science Symposium and Workshop to:

a) develop a scientific consensus on the state of knowledge dealing with
butterflyfish in Middle East coral reef ecosystems,

b) share experiences and insights between and amongst Middle East
scientists, and colleagues from throughout the Indo-Pacific, regarding the
use of butterflyfish as indicators of ecological conditions (health) of
coral reefs, and possibly by extension global climate change,

c) identify priorities for future local and regionally based butterflyfish
research and monitoring, and

d) discuss the potential for developing a regional butterflyfish
monitoring database that would serve as a focal point for examining local
and regional trends for changes in coral reefs.

PARTICIPANTS

In order to ensure that the stated purposes of this Regional Science
Symposium and Workshop are addressed, participation level will be limited
to no more than 35 individuals.  Priority will be given to resident
scientists and students in Middle East countries who are conducting
research and monitoring on butterflyfish.  A limited number of invited
scientists from throughout the broader Indo-Pacific region will also
participate in order to share information, methodologies, experiences and
perspectives.  The sponsors are able to provide a limited level of travel
assistance to ensure the participation of at least 1-2 key researchers
from each interested Middle East country.

FORMAT

It is envisioned that this two-day event will include two keynote
addresses  one on the background and history of the importance of
studying butterflyfish, in particular, and the other on indicator species
concept, in general.  Participants will also have the opportunity to make
formal presentations (standard 15 minute format with 5 minute question
period) on the state of butterflyfish research and monitoring in their
countries.  There will also be small group workshop discussions on topics
such as standardizing methodologies, future research and monitoring
priorities and potential development of a regional butterflyfish database.
A final product of the symposium and workshop will be the publication of a
peer-reviewed proceedings document containing full-length manuscripts of
all symposium presentations and workshop recommendations.

BACKGROUND

The concept of using one or a small group of species to indicate changing
conditions of a coral reef community or ecosystem is not new.  Fish
assemblages may be used as indicators of environmental degradation.
Important criteria for a useful bio-indicator are, not only that it is
closely associated with a particular ecosystem, but that the species
should be relatively abundant, easily observed and quantified, long lived
and strongly site attached to the particular environment.  Obligate coral
feeding butterflyfishes of the Family Chaetodontidae are excellent
candidates as bio-indicators of Middle East and Indo-Pacific coral reefs.

The butterflyfish indicator species approach was originally designed for
elucidating subtle, sub-lethal changes due to chronic, low levels of
disturbances which are often more difficult, costly and time consuming to
detect using conventional monitoring methods.  However, the method is also
useful for detecting improvement (from an anthropocentric perspective) of
ecological conditions on the reef due to the gradual reduction in the
levels of disturbance leading to the eventual recovery and natural
restoration of the reef.  The method is ideally suited when an early
warning of sub-lethal change helps the assessment process leading to
management decisions.  Due to its low technology approach, the
butterflyfish indicator method also has the advantage of a high
benefit-to-cost ratio.

The Middle East Regional Science Symposium and Workshop: Butterflyfish
(Family Chaetodontidae)  Research and Monitoring is the first step for
attempting to coordinate and link various butterflyfish projects in the
Middle East with other similar efforts that are underway, planned or
completed in the region.  The involvement a key scientist from throughout
the broader Indo-Pacific region will also facilitate the creation of an
international virtual transect running from the Gulf of Aqaba/Red Sea to
Eritrea/South Africa and across the Indian Ocean to various Pacific
Islands.  This will provide large spatial scale baseline data for future
generations regarding changes in the conditions of the worlds coral
reefs.  A great deal of data already exists in local areas along this
virtual transect.  For example, the butterflyfish indicator technique of
Crosby and Reese (1996) are already in use in Hawaii, Saipan, Guam and
American Samoa.  The method, in varying forms, has been employed in the
Bunaken Marine Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia since 1998 (pers. com.,
Massimo Boyer), elsewhere in Indonesia (Bawole and Boli, 2000; U.
Killguss, pers. com.), Australia (Berumen and Pratchett, 2000; Pratchett
2000), Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Indian Ocean (R. Jeyabhaskaran, pers.
com.), Seychelles and South Africa (Samways et al., in press), Eritrea
(Zekeria and Videler, 2000), Saudi Arabia (Joseph 2000) and the Gulf of
Aqaba (Khalaf and Crosby, in prep.; Crosby et al., in prep).

CONTACT INFORMATION

Individuals interested in receiving an invitation to participate in this
symposium are encouraged to provide a short statement of their pertinent
research and monitoring activities and institutional affiliation to Dr.
M.P. Crosby (michael.crosby@noaa.gov or mcrosby@usaid.gov) as soon as
possible. 1st Announcement  February 15, 2002

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Goldschmidt 2002 Special Symposium on Biogenic Skeletons
Date: Sat, 16 Feb 2002 12:53:50 -0800
From: Anne Cohen <acohen@whoi.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear All

I want to draw your attention to a special symposium at this year's
Goldschmidt conference to be held in Davos, Switzerland 18th-23rd
August,
(http://www.goldschmidt-conference.com/2002/gold2002/).  The session is
entitled "The Geochemistry of Biogenic Minerals" and focuses on the
nature, magnitude and mechanisms by which biological processes impact
the chemistry and structure of biogenic skeletons and skeletal
accretions.  We are also interested in non biogenic accretions,
including stalagmites, so we might learn about disequilibrium processes
that are non biological in origin.  The session will be of interest to
those working on biomineralization and those who use biological archives
as environmental proxies.  The session description is posted below this
message and you will find it also at the conference web site by clicking
on "symposia".  Ours is #S49.  Please feel free to contact me if you'd
like feedback on topics. Information about abstract submission,
deadlines and circulars is posted on the conference website.

Thank you
Anne Cohen and Nobu Shimizu.

--
Dr A.L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Geology and Geophysics, ms#23
Woods Hole MA 02543
USA

T: 508 289 2958
F: 508 457 2175

The Geochemistry of Biogenic Minerals

Session Convenors: Anne Cohen and Nobuchimi Shimizu

The isotope and elemental  compositions of accretionary skeletons (fish
otoliths, corals, shells of molluscs and terrestrial snails,
speleotherms and foraminifera) are used as tracers in such broad
applications as identification of natal spawning grounds, estimation of
paleotemperatures and tracing volcanic eruptions on the ocean floor. The
assumption underlying these applications is that skeletal chemistry
reflects the external environment, offset by predictable and consistent
fractionation factors or partition coefficients that can be determined
through laboratory experiments or thermodynamic calculations. In reality
however, controls on the chemical composition of biogenic skeletons are
usually a mix of exogenous and endogenous factors, the latter tied to
some aspect of organism metabolism. In the past few years, recognition
of the impact of biological processes on geochemical proxies has led to
a focused attempt at elucidating "vital effects", with progress in the
interpretation and accuracy of tracer applications. This session invites
contributions from researchers with interest in the nature, magnitude
and mechanisms by which biological processes impact skeletal structure
and chemistry. The session is not exclusive to carbonates or biological
skeletons, but will focus on accretionary structures. Theorists,
modellers and geochemical analysts are encouraged to submit abstracts to
this session.

Potential topics include: Calcification mechanisms and their influence
on isotope and trace element geochemistry of aquatic skeletons; The
relationship between fish physiology, endolymph composition and the
chemistry of fish otoliths; Do stalagmites obey the laws of
thermodynamics? Kinetic disequilibria, surface enrichment and
equilibrium controls on mineral composition in low temperature
environments; How do algal symbionts affect the structure and chemistry
of the host skeleton?

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Summer Internships
Date: Sun, 17 Feb 2002 11:03:38 -0500
From: Dennis Hanisak <Hanisak@HBOI.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Jim,

I tried to post this today but was not successful.  As time is short, I
thought I would send it to you for posting on the Coral Reef List
Server.

Thanks,
Dennis

SUMMER INTERNSHIPS

Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution offers a Summer Internship
Program
to qualified undergraduate and graduate students interested in
marine-related fields. Our Internship Program is designed to provide
students work experience in a research environment.  The areas of study
may
include, but are not limited to: aquaculture, biomedical marine
research,
marine biology, marine mammal research, marine natural product
chemistry,
marine microbiology, ocean engineering, and oceanography.  The 2002
Summer
Intern Program begins May 28 and continues through August 2 (10 weeks).
Deadline for applications is March 1.  Awards will be announced ca.
April 1.

A downloadable application form is available at
<http://www.hboi.edu/marineed/internships.html>.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral bleaching in Fiji
Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2002 06:33:48 +1200
From: "Ed Lovell" <lovell@is.com.fj>
Organization: Biological Consultants, Fiji
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-list,

The recent high SSTs  have resulted in initial coral bleaching in Fiji. The
phenomenon is  just beginning (14/2/02)  near Suva, Vanua Levu,  and is more
advanced on  the north side of Viti Levu. Unlike  the 2000 event, the degree
of temperature elevation from the  NOAA SST observations has been greater to
north of the main island, Viti Levu.

We have  just had about 1.5  weeks of clear skies  and intense sun. There is
now  a thermocline  at 3-5m  in the  Suva area,  which is unusual  for Fiji.
Temperatures are 310 -31.60C above the thermocline and less  than 300C below
it  (to17m).  Bleaching  is  confined to  reef  crests  that  are above  the
thermocline.

Susceptible taxa that are  showing signs of paling are: Acropora, Stylophora
Pocillopora,  Pavona clavus,  Hydnophora.  The amount  of bleaching  at this
stage is less than  1% of colonies and few are white, most are just starting
to pale.  An abundance of small  colonies has recruited after  the 2000 mass
bleaching. None of these small colonies exhibit bleaching.

The weather  is now cloudy for the first time in  1.5 weeks.  A tropical low
is  deepening in  near Fiji, which  should cause  the cooling of  the SST's.

Fijian reefs have exhibited coral bleaching for five years. Relatively minor
bleaching  occurred  for  two  years before  the  major  bleaching of  2000.
Bleaching in  2001 was extensive in some  areas but, generally, the nation's
reefs were spared by  the cooling influence of Cyclone Paula. Unfortunately,
extensive damage was done  along the southern coasts by the associated large
wave event  which removed living coral down to 10m,  in some cases, and much
of the dead standing coral from the year 2000 bleaching mortality.

Edward R. Lovell
Biological Consultants, Fiji
PO Box 3129, Lami, Fiji
Ph./Fax (679) 361358
Email: lovell@is.com.fj

Robyn Cumming

USP

Email: cumming_r@usp.ac.fj




Subject: OTOLITH PROCESSING CONTRACT(S)
Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2002 15:55:14 +1000
From: "Dave Wilson" <dave_t_wilson@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

                       OTOLITH PROCESSING CONTRACT(S)

 In association with the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR),
American Samoan Government, the Marine Resources section is calling for
expressions of interest to process coral reef fish otoliths. Approximately
2500 otoliths, primarily adults, have been collected from various locations
around American Samoa. Specific tasks to be completed by the successful
bid(s) include the following:

1)      Otolith weights (one from each pair),

2)      Cross-sectioning of one otolith from each fish (glass mounting for
long term storage),

3)      Reading (3) of all sectioned otoliths,

4)      Entering of all data into a spreadsheet (Excel  both disk copy and
a hard copy are to be sent to DMWR upon contract completion),

5)      Return of all samples to DMWR after processing (mounted sections,
extra otoliths),

6)      High quality microphotographs of several otoliths from each of the 5
main species collected (listed below). The photographs must be suitable for
publication in scientific journals (additional otolith preparation will
likely be required). Photos of whole otolith, half otolith and reading
growth-axis is required.

 Approximately 480 fish otolith pairs were collected from the following 5
species:

 Acanthurus nigricans<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
Subject: Coral restoration information sought
Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2002 15:27:51 -0500
From: "Gene Buck" <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Colleagues:

        I'm seeking information for the U.S. Congress related to progress
and understanding of coral restoration in the United States and territories.
More specifically, I'm seeking information on:

       a)  who are some of the key individuals working in this area and/or
significant programs working on or involved with this issue; and

       b)  what is the current state of knowledge of coral restoration (any
citations to recent literature that best summarizes this state of
knowledge?) relating to what works, what doesn't, economics of restoration,
time frame for restoration, etc.

       Please respond to me directly at gbuck@crs.loc.gov   Thanks in
advance for your assistance.

                                  Gene Buck, senior analyst
                                  Congressional Research Service


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Subject: Re: Coral restoration information sought
Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2002 13:19:30 -1000
From: John Naughton <john.naughton@noaa.gov>
To: Gene Buck <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Gene:

I recently co-authored two papers with Paul Jokiel (U. of Hawaii)
summarizing coral reef mitigation and restoration techniques employeed in
the Pacific Islands.  We presented them at the Oceans 2001 Conference in
November.  Send me your fax number and
I'll send copies.  They should provide much of the info you're looking for.

John Naughton
Pacific Islands Environmental Coordinator
NMFS, NOAA    Honolulu

Gene Buck wrote:

> Colleagues:
>
>         I'm seeking information for the U.S. Congress related to progress
and understanding of coral restoration in the United States and territories.
More specifically, I'm seeking information on:
>
>        a)  who are some of the key individuals working in this area and/or
significant programs working on or involved with this issue; and
>
>        b)  what is the current state of knowledge of coral restoration
(any citations to recent literature that best summarizes this state of
knowledge?) relating to what works, what doesn't, economics of restoration,
time frame for restoration, etc.
>
>        Please respond to me directly at gbuck@crs.loc.gov   Thanks in
advance for your assistance.
>
>                                   Gene Buck, senior analyst
>                                   Congressional Research Service
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
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> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

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Subject: Incidence of ship immersion in coral reef ecosystems.
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2002 08:26:08 +0800
From: Jean Pascal QUOD <jpquod.arvam@wanadoo.fr>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Incidence of ship immersion in coral reef ecosystems.

Dear Coral-Listers,

Numerous islands from the Western Indian ocean (incl. French islands of
R=E9union and Mayotte) have developed diving in coral reefs as a key
source
for income and want to offer divers ship wrecks as new targets.
Mauritius
has also successful numerous shipwrecks for recreational activities on
coastal areas.

We presently have a special interest in assessing the key ecological
impacts
of small vessels (less than 25 m), sink as artificial reefs for divers
and
which have been previously depoluted.
Attention should be paid to the following questions :
- Does wrecked ships negatively affect both benthic and fish communities
?
How ?
- Is there a real correlation between ship wrecks and ciguatera fish
poisoning (CFP) by enhancing potentially toxic dinoflagellates
populations =
?
- Where should vessels be sink as diving =B3hot spots=B2 in coral mood,
if it
has to be effective ?

I=B9ll be grateful to everyone who will contribute & allow a better
understanding of these particular points.

Best regards,

--B_3097038368_111926
Content-type: text/html; charset="ISO-8859-1"
Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE> Incidence of ship immersion in coral reef ecosystems.</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<FONT FACE=3D"Geneva"><BR>
</FONT><FONT FACE=3D"Times New Roman"><BR>
</FONT><FONT SIZE=3D"4"><FONT FACE=3D"Times">Incidence of ship immersion
in cor=
al reef ecosystems.<BR>
<BR>
Dear Coral-Listers, <BR>
<BR>
Numerous islands from the Western Indian ocean (incl. French islands of
R&e=
acute;union and Mayotte) have developed diving in coral reefs as a key
sourc=
e for income and want to offer divers ship wrecks as new targets.
Mauritius =
has also successful numerous shipwrecks for recreational activities on
coast=
al areas.<BR>
<BR>
We presently have a special interest in assessing the key ecological
impact=
s of small vessels (less than 25 m), sink as artificial reefs for divers
and=
 which have been previously depoluted. <BR>
Attention should be paid to the following questions :<BR>
- Does wrecked ships negatively affect both benthic and fish communities
? =
How ?<BR>
- Is there a real correlation between ship wrecks and ciguatera fish
poison=
ing (CFP) by enhancing potentially toxic dinoflagellates populations
?<BR>
- Where should vessels be sink as diving &#8220;hot spots&#8221; in
coral m=
ood, if it has to be effective ?<BR>
<BR>
I&#8217;ll be grateful to everyone who will contribute &amp; allow a
better=
 understanding of these particular points.<BR>
<BR>
Best regards,<BR>
<BR>
</FONT></FONT>
</BODY>
</HTML>

--B_3097038368_111926--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Request for information: Mauriitan biodiversity, ecotourism
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2002 14:05:19 +0400
From: "Tania van Schalkwyk" <tvs@uskonet.com>
To: <tvs@uskonet.com>

To Whom it may concern:

I am writing to urgently request information regarding ecotourism & the
biodiversity of Mauritius. In particular, regarding the role of islets
in
sustaining the marine & flora (as well as bird life) ecology of the
area.
There are currently plans to build a high class village of villas and
camping/recreational site on an island named L'isle aux Benitiers on the
southwest coast of Mauritus. The hotel would take up 50 harpents and a
third
of the island would remain a nature reserve for migrating birds. Though
how
a reserve can be sustained next to such development is questionable.
Also,
the arguments being put forth are that the island is already exploited
by a
coconut plantation, and therefore of not much ecological  conservation
value. This may be true for most of the flora value (even though there
are 2
rare plant species on the islet). However, the islet is situated in one
of
the last relatively unspoilt areas of coral reefs. It has a rich mollusc
population of clams, mussels, oysters, "tec tec" "ti poulle"and "ash
d'am"
(please excuse the colloquial terms used as I am not a scientific
officer).This planned development is being put forth as a development
that
would not disturb the environment. A 1994 report by Bell (Wildlife
Management International Ltd), reccomendation stated "no overnighting"
and a
2001taskforce report(Mauritian ministry of the environment) reccomended
the
islet  be used for "eco-tourism". I could go on about the many other
important aspects of this islet in the ecosystem of the area; as well as
the
cultural significance of its location directly opposite a typical
fishing
village with a strong Maharathi & Kreol culture. These are just some
quick
ideas & thoughts around the issue. Should you require more information
please ask me.
However, I am not an "expert" . I am a concerned citizen (amongst many
others) and wish to gather as much information as possible around the
biodiversity/sociocultural importance of the islet.  My aim is to inform
myself and others so that the Mauritian nation can make a wise and
informed
choice around the future of this islet, which could set a precedent for
the
future of other such islets and the ecology & culture of Mauritius and
the
Indian Ocean.
I therefore request any information possible, as well as useful
contacts, as
soon as possible; as plans for the project seem to be rushing ahead. Is
there an organisation/individual who can come and conduct a study? If
so,
what are the procedures?
I thank you for taking the time to read this and help me. I apologise if
my
approach is unorthodox and informal, but as I said I am a concerned
citizen
with a time limit!
I look forward to your favourable reply.
Yours Sincerely,
Tania (Haberland) van Schalkwyk
(a concerned citizen)

Below please find a copy of a letter I have sent regarding the issue
mentioned above. Your input (if appropriate) would be much valued.
Thankyou.
****************************************************************************
********************************************************************
Dear Concerned citizen/expert/activist:

I am a citizen concerned about the plans to develop l'ile aux Benitiers,
on
the southwest coast of Mauritius. In the past 2 weeks, I have been
phoning
around, emailing and meeting with people: government departments,
ecologists, scientists, journalists, fishermen & other concerned
citizens;
to :
1.try and see what impact this project would have on the ecosystem the
islet
is such a crucial part of.
2. get a general idea of what people think & feel about plans around
l'ile
aux benitier.
3. become involved and help in any actions being taken to stop an
irresponsible project taking place on the islet.

Based on my research,

* I get the idea that most people (not all) -expert & non;  are opposed
to
the current plans to build an haute de gamme villas complex (100 rooms),
as
well as a camping and loisir site with a small bird nature reserve. This
is
because the general opinion is that such a development would disturb the
environment: marine and terrestrial of the area with serious
biodiversity
repurcussions.

* I sense that the government has many conflicting
reports/opinions/policies
regarding l'ile aux Benitiers and other islets. That this could lead to
an
irresponsible development going ahead seems very possible.

Therefore, I am writing to you:

1. To offer my help and any information I have to any organisation or
person(s) taking action regarding l'ile aux Benitiers. Please let me
know
asap. I am also willing to meet with interested parties.

2. To seek your help with the following project:

I am compiling a list of opinions & statements regarding:
- the "haut de gamme" villas complex/camping site/small reserve proposal
for
L'ile aux Benitiers;
-as well as about any development plans for the islet.
- and in general about the ecosystem of the southwest of Mauritius:
biodiversity, sociocultural & environmental impact.

These statements are to be used in a petition (soon to be launched) and
a
press release/article.

I request as many opinions/statements as possible.
Please send them to me ASAP, preferably by tomorrow noon (Thursday the
21st
of February 2002). Late submissions are welcome, but may not be able to
be
used.

With your statement, please provide the following details:
1. whether you wish to remain anonymous or be referenced
2. your job title (optional)
3. In what capacity you are making this statement: expert or non-expert;
if
expert please give details.
4. Include any references, policies, reports, audits you know of to
support
your statement
5. Your consent (or non-consent) for me to use them in either the
petition,
and/or the press release/article.
6. Contact details:(optional) which will remain confidential.

Please forward this letter to anyone you know of who may contribute.

I thank you for your time and help. I look forward to your favourable
reply
and of helping you in return.
Please do not hesitate to contact me with any queries or comments.

Yours Sincerely,

Tania (Haberland) van Schalkwyk
A concerned citizen
*************************************************************************
Only after the last tree has been cut down,
Only after the last river has been poisoned,
Only after the last fish has been caught,
Only then will you find that money cannot be eaten.
-Cree Indian prophecy.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Regarding zooplankton
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2002 12:43:10 -0400
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-list,

Further to our discussion last year on the possibility of food shortage as a
cause of mass coral bleaching and coral epidemics, I remain very concerned
that the declining abundance of oceanic zooplankton is an important variable
in the picture. I raised this question earlier - "is tropical zooplankton
declining also?" - and did not get much feedback beyond a few offlist
comments to the effect that the declines noted elsewhere (e.g. off
California) have been the result of decreased vertical mixing in ocean areas
where mixing is more pronounced and so has a greater effect on productivity.
Therefore, if zooplankton productivity is felt to be directly related to
mixing, then I suppose a decline in the not-very-mixed tropics would not be
anticipated(?) However, zooplankton is declining markedly in the
seemingly-normally-mixed North Atlantic - in fact there's lots of
phytoplankton to indicate that mixing is occurring, but zooplankton is
declining nevertheless. I suspect that the decline is related to the loss of
fish, and fish spawn, which contributes considerable amounts of energy and
nutrients to the plankton. What do you think of this idea? I find it
intriguing, for instance, that the giant bluefin tuna produces some of the
smallest fish eggs in the sea, and that this fish fattens itself in the
temperate seas and then migrates to the tropics to spawn millions of little
food packages small enough to be consumed by a coral polyp...

And of course, the reduction in the spawning stock of bluefin tuna has been
considerable. I would appreciate any of your comments on this article:
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/fisheggs.html

sincerely,
Debbie MacKenzie

Abstract of article:

Declining numbers of oceanic zooplankton cannot be entirely accounted for by
the climate-warming-induced slacking of upwelling currents. For example, the
North Atlantic ocean offers a picture today of unusually low zooplankton
numbers in the presence of unusually high phytoplankton numbers, a finding
which runs directly contrary to expectations. The life histories of common
zooplankton organisms (e.g. copepods) reveal that while juvenile stages are
herbivorous, adult stages are not. They are frequently omnivores or
carnivores. The reproduction of herbivorous zooplankton therefore is not
solely related to the availability of plant food. The abundance and quality
of carnivorous food available to the adult stages also impacts directly on
the successful reproduction of the herbivores.

Pelagic spawn released by marine fish and invertebrates is accessible food
to these carnivorous zooplankton. The massive reduction in "spawning stocks"
of multiple marine species that has been induced by human fishing is
therefore plausibly implicated in the current declining numbers of
zooplankton. Spawn production in the ocean has obviously declined with the
elimination of spawning fish, and this gradual withdrawl of a rich
carnivorous food supply to the zooplankton may have negatively affected
their ability to reproduce. It also follows that total new organic
production (and carbon fixation) in the marine system will have been
reduced. The widespread declining trend in age and size at maturity in
marine fish and invertebrate species possibly represents a systemic reaction
to the falling density of zooplankton, in the form of an increased effort to
produce spawn in compensation.

If fishing has "undercut" the zooplankton in this manner, and it seems
entirely plausible that it has, then one "unintended, unanticipated negative
consequence" of continued fish removals will be the collapse of virtually
the entire marine ecosystem. Continuing to focus our explanatory efforts
solely on temperature changes and "global warming," despite remarkable
inconsistencies between predicted and observed effects, merely continues a
long-ingrained human thought pattern of denial...denial of the full impact
of our ruthless destruction of marine life...and perhaps denial that many of
our earlier theories about how the ecosystem functions are now proving to
be, to a rather significant extent, incorrect. For example, the concept of
energy flowing in only a single direction in marine systems, upwards through
successively higher trophic levels, is challenged by consideration of the
significant quantity of energy that is actually channelled directly
downwards in the form of marine spawn. Although it inevitably dissipates,
energy can be seen to follow many circular routes within the ecosystem,
cycling along with nutrients. In this way, animate marine life in total acts
as a catalyst for the continuation of high rates or primary production...a
greater abundance fish in the sea, therefore, ultimately results in a higher
rate of marine carbon fixation.

Subject: Re: Coral restoration information sought
Date: Wed, 20 Feb 2002 10:53:54 -1000
From: John Naughton <john.naughton@noaa.gov>
To: Gene Buck <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Gene:  Papers on the way via fax.

Coral Listees:
I'm being totally innundated with requests for our papers.  I will attempt
to make copies available to all electronically.  Will let you know as soon
as possible and at what web site.

Mahalo much,         John

Gene Buck wrote:

> John:
>
>        Thanks much.  Fax number here is (202) 707-7289.  Much appreciate
the papers:
>
> "I recently co-authored two papers with Paul Jokiel (U. of Hawaii)
summarizing coral reef mitigation and restoration techniques employeed in
the Pacific Islands.  We presented them at the Oceans 2001 Conference in
November.  Send me your fax number and I'll send copies.  They should
provide much of the info you're looking for."
>
>                                             Gene Buck, gbuck@crs.loc.gov

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Job advert in UK
Date: Thu, 21 Feb 2002 14:18:32 +0000
From: "Murray Roberts" <mr-t@dml.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all

Copied below is a job advert that may be of interest to those working on
cold-water corals and fisheries.

For more information please contact
Dr. Edmund Green
Head, Marine and Coastal Programme
UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road
Cambridge
CB3 0DL
United Kingdom

Tel: (44) 1223 277314
Fax: (44) 1223 277136
E mail: ed.green@unep-wcmc.org

best wishes
Murray

UNEP-WCMC
Senior Programme Officer
Marine and Coastal Programme

The UNEP-WCMC Marine and Coastal programme requires a Senior Programme
Officer to work on the impacts of fisheries on marine biodiversity at
regional and global scales. The successful candidate will be expected to
continue to the Centre's work on restricted fishing zones, and to
develop additional projects on the assessment of the impacts of
fisheries on marine biodiversity in partnership with relevant
organisations. These will be the principal areas of work for the
successful candidate who will also be expected to contribute to
UNEP-WCMC's activities on marine protected areas, vulnerable ecosystems
and endangered species.

Key qualifications will be: previous experience in marine ecology or
conservation with an emphasis on regional or global scale fisheries;
some proven success in fundraising; an ability to produce high quality
work on particular projects with minimum supervision, often working
with, and supervising, other team members; time management skills to
meet deadlines punctually; some previous experience of managing project
budgets; demonstrable knowledge of, and enthusiasm for, marine
conservation.

Candidates will be expected to have a minimum of a Masters degree in a
relevant subject area and 3+ years professional experience.

The successful candidate will be asked to assume responsibility for some
projects within the Marine and Coastal Programme, and will be called
upon to represent the Programme both externally and internally.
Candidates for this position will be expected to undertake travel abroad
and demonstrate that they are able to work independently or as part of a
team.

The appointment will be initially for one year with the possibility of
further renewal. Full details of terms and conditions and job
description are available from UNEP-WCMC personnel. Salary will be based
on level of qualifications, skills and experience.

The closing date for letters of interest plus your current CV is Friday
22 March 2002, with a view to employment commencing Monday 3 June 2002.
Please contact: personnel@unep-wcmc.org

About UNEP-WCMC (www.unep-wcmc.org)

The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre provides information for
policy and action to conserve the living world. The Centre's activities
include assessment and early warning studies in forest, dryland,
freshwater and marine ecosystems. Research on endangered species and
biodiversity indicators provide policy-makers with vital knowledge on
global trends in conservation and sustainable use of wildlife and their
habitats. Extensive use is made of geographic information systems and
other analytical technologies that help to visualise trends, patterns
and emerging priorities for conservation action. UNEP-WCMC does this
work through three divisions:

1. Information Services: facilitating access to information on
biological diversity, through Enquiries and Publications, Library, and
Electronic Communications Services;
2. Assessment and Early Warning: assessing the status, value and
management of biological diversity;
3. Conventions and Policy Support: working with conventions and
organisations, and providing capacity building and information
management services.

J Murray Roberts
Scottish Association for Marine Science
Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory
Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1631-559241
Fax: +44 (0)1631-559001
e-mail: m.roberts@dml.ac.uk
website: www.sams.ac.uk
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: 3 Positions Available in American Samoa
Date: Thu, 21 Feb 2002 11:01:55 -1100
From: Flinn Curren <flinncurren@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: "Beeching, Tony" <beeching@blueskynet.as>

                 Three Positions Available in American Samoa

The American Samoan Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources is currently
recruiting three positions for two year contracts, starting about the end of
July 2002.  These positions are:

Lobster Fishery Biologist

Inshore Fisheries Ecology Project Leader

GIS Technician

The lobster fishery biologist and inshore fisheries ecology project leader
positions require a minimum qualifications of:

     1. An M.Sc. in Fisheries Science and/or Management, Marine Biology,
     Marine Resource Science and/or Management Studies or Oceanography (with
     relevant research experience in marine biology and/or ecology) and
     2.  Two years working experience in tropical marine fisheries

The GIS Technician position requires:

     1.  The minimum of a Masters degree in an appropriate science.
     2.  Experience in all of the following areas is essential: Arcview and
     Arcinfo, Tropical coastal imagery analysis, and IKONOS, Landsat and
     conventional aerial imagery.
     3.  Knowledge and experience in ArcGIS 8.1 preferred.

Applications are due April 15, 2002.

For detailed job descriptions and application details, please contact Tony
Beeching, stating the position for which you will by applying.  His email
address is: beeching@blueskynet.as

Flinn Curren
Fishery Biologist
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources
P.O. Box 3730
Pago Pago, American Samoa
USA

phone:  (Country Code 684) 633-4456
fax:            (Country Code 684) 633-5944
_________________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Get
your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com ~~~~~~~ For directions
on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please visit
http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the menu bar, then click on
Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Fwd: final TED sign-on letter
Date: Thu, 21 Feb 2002 20:07:35 -0300
From: "Jos A. Speroni" <jsperoni@enviroweb.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I'm sending the attachment in .PDF format instead of .DOC
Best regards
Jos

> Subject: final TED sign-on letter
> Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2002 15:39:28
> From: "Dobrzynski, Tanya" <tdobrzynski@oceana.org>
>
>
> Attached is the final comment letter that was sent to NMFS on the proposed
> rule to enlarge the size of turtle excluder device openings.  We got 46
> signatories to the letter, which is GREAT!!!  Thank you all for your
> support.  Please check our website (www.oceana.org) for updates on this
> important issue.
>
>
>
> Cheers!
>
> Tanya
>
> Tanya Dobrzynski
> Oceana
> 2501 M Street, NW, Suite 300
> Washington, D.C. 20037-1311
> ph 202-833-3900
> fax 202-833-2070
>
> td@oceana.org

Jose A. Speroni, DVM             E-mail: jsperoni@enviroweb.org
C.E.I.H.                                ar784@lafn.org
C.C. 18                                 cj313@ncf.ca
(7100) Dolores                  ICQ:    41190790
Buenos Aires                    Phone:  +54(2245)44-2350
REPBLICA  ARGENTINA            Fax:    +54(2245)44-0625

***********************************************************************
The CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIONES HERPETOLOGICAS
gratefully acknowledges the support received from:

Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag (Germany),  Mantella Publishing (UK)
Research Information Systems, Inc. (USA),  Reptilia (Spain)
Clark Development Company, Inc. (USA),  FTP Software, Inc. (USA)
Key Tronic Corporation (USA),  Colorado Memory Systems, Inc. (USA)
***********************************************************************
"Many feel that Gary Kildall, the inventor, should have received the dollars
and kudos that went to Bill Gates, the merchandiser." CS, Nov. 1994

                                                 Name: final sea turtle
                                                       comments sent
   final sea turtle comments sent 2'15'02.pdf          2'15'02.pdf
                                                 Type: Acrobat
                                                       (application/pdf)
                                             Encoding: base64

Subject: Land-based stresses on reefs.
Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2002 09:19:00 -0500
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

There was discussion earlier on this list about the future of reefs. Some
interesting and controversial opinions were exchanged, and some positions
challenged. Recent data seem to shed light on this issue, allowing some
resolution.

Bob Buddemeier (posting, Jan. 16) gives me entirely too much credit for
policies and
procedures on monitoring. I advise several countries, but there is no more
assurance
they will take my advice than there is that readers of this list will. No,
the credit for the
present state of reef management, at least in the USA, must be given where
credit is
due: to those who have put their research careers to one side, and built
reputations on
organising international conferences, on meeting and schmoozing with the
development banks, and on lobbying governments. They deserve all the credit.
This
has left the grunt work of science to the rest of us sweat-stained wretches,
as can be
seen in the results reported here.

An abstract has been accepted for presentation at this summer's ASLO
meeting, and
may be viewed on their website: Ward-Paige and Risk, BIOEROSION SURVEYS ON
THE FLORIDA REEF TRACT SUGGEST WIDESPREAD LAND-BASED STRESS ON
THE REEFS. To summarise the findings: a bright-orange coral-killing
bioeroding
sponge, Cliona delitrix, previously shown (almost 20 years ago) to be a
fecal
bioindicator, is all over the Florida Reef Tract. As coral cover has
decreased, sponge
abundance has increased. Stable nitrogen isotopic analyses allow a link to
terrestrial
sources.


These findings reinforce several points made earlier, i.e.:

1. Reef monitoring projects need to be interdisciplinary in planning and in
staffing. Most
are designed and run by coral biologists. Don't get me wrong, some of my
best friends
are coral biologists-but it seems strange to have overlooked a bright orange
critter that
thrives on sewage and kills coral. Although C. delitrix is Caribbean in
distribution, a
related species, C. viridis, is a dominant benthic organism on Australian
patch reefs,
and no Australian monitoring program reports it. Grazing pressure has little
or nothing
to do with abundance of either organism.

2. Given the rate of decline, monitoring programs need to shift to a
bioindicator
approach-this is also more suited to community-based management. Listers
should look
into Mark Erdmann's wonderful stomatopod project, in Sulawesi, in which
village women
are taught how to monitor their own reefs as they glean for food.

3. Monitoring programs, reef models and management schemes that do not
include
coverage of bioerosion are not dealing with the full deck and will not
produce
dependable results. They all need serious remedial work. (Full credit goes
to the FMRI
program-in alphabetical order, Walt Jaap, Vlad Kosmynin, Jim Porter, Jenni
Wheaton,
and Phil Dustan in the early stages. They were already running an excellent
program,
and saw the need for a bioerosion component.)

4. Time spent discussing and writing about "global change" would better be
spent
finding solutions to more immediate problems. My prediction-most gone by
2010-would
seem well on the way to being correct. Florida has lost 38% of its coral
cover in the last
4 years, and in SE Asia a regional mass extinction of corals is well under
way. Alkalinity
hasn't budged-these processes are driven by land-based sources.

5. MPA's need to be established well away from land-based sources.

There may be some small amount of good news. At the same meeting, I will
present an
abstract showing how the relative impacts of sewage and siltation can be
determined
for reefs where no baseline data exist, one that can be used by local
communities. It's
easy: plot coral tissue N-15 values against % insoluble residues. Techniques
have
been around for decades. So a preliminary evaluation of the major land-based
stresses
on a reef should cost about $100 Canadian. The insoluble residue work can be
done in
any high school lab, send the N-15's out, $20 a pop. (That's POP, not poop.)

Those of you who would like to see what Cliona delitrix looks like-it's
really quite a
pretty organism, despite its disgusting diet-let me know and one of
Christine or I will
send you a .jpg

Subject: International Society for Reef Studies Meeting
Date: Fri, 22 Feb 2002 17:55:24 +0000 (GMT)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: marbio@mote.org

We have had an excellent international response to our call for the
European International Society for Reef Studies Meeting (4-7 September
2002, Cambridge, UK).

We are aware that some coral reef researchers do intend to participate and
are arranging payments of the registration fees.  We have therefore
negotiated with Robinson College to extend the deadline for early
registration to the end of this month (28 Feb). After this date we will
have to impose the surcharges as listed on the registration form
(www.isrs2002.org).

If you have not registered we encourage you to do so in the next week.

The meeting programme will cover all aspects of reef science and we are
hopeful for an exciting and stimulating meeting.

Any questions or comments should be directed towards: info@isrs2002.org

We look forward to welcoming you to Cambridge in September.

ISRS2002 Organising Committee

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: mangrove shoot transplantation
Date: Sat, 23 Feb 2002 12:22:22 +0800
From: greenforce@pd.jaring.my
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

greetings all

we are volunteers working in the Banggi region of northern Sabah.  We are
conducting our miniproject on the transplantation of mangrove shoots. We are
currently experiencing problems in surviva of ltransplanted shoots. We
believe this may be due to transplantation to areas with to much sunlight
around the edge of the mangroves, but wondered if there were other specific
factors that we could attribute this low survival rate to.

We would be most grateful to know if anyone had any experience with, or
knows of any papers relating to techniques / conditions for mangrove shoot
transplantation.

Many thanks for your time and help

Kind regards

Laura and Emma

Subject: coral cores and sharks
Date: Sun, 24 Feb 2002 15:03:52 -0800 (PST)
From: Silvia Pinca <milviapin@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers,

just wondering if anybody could be interested in
some 1 m deep coral cores drilled in Majuro,
Marshall Islands, for mooring installments.

Also, are there any shark experts out there able
to identify sharks fom dorsal fin pictures? i
have the pictures and would be ready to send
them. they come from RMI, where 'ocean' shark
fishing strated a few months ago. Are they really
ocean sharks? What would be their sizes? etc.
etc.... Trying once more to ivestigate on the
matter...

Thank you all,

=====
Silvia Pinca,

Marine Science Program
College of the Marshall Islands
P.O. Box 1258
Majuro, MH 96960
ph. 692-625-5903

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Sports - Coverage of the 2002 Olympic Games
http://sports.yahoo.com
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral mortality in Kenya affecting Astreopora, Montipora and Echinopora.
Date: Mon, 25 Feb 2002 09:28:28 +0300
From: CRCP <crcp@africaonline.co.ke>
Organization: Coral Reef Conservation Project
To: NOAA Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Church, Julie" <juliec@africaonline.co.ke>

Coral mortality in Kenya affecting Astreopora, Montipora and Echinopora.

A new source of coral mortality has been observed in Kenya and is
largely affecting Astreopora, Montipora and Echinopora but also
Acropora, Platygyra and massive Porites.  Below is a description of the
mortality and a request for others to make observations on these taxa
and to assist identifying the source of the mortality.  This is not a
localized source of mortality but is occurring on a scale of several
hundred kilometers and has largely eliminated Astreopora and Montipora
on Kenyan reefs.

Observations made during the past two weeks indicate mortality
significantly different from bleaching or local sources of mortality.
In the early stages corals develop an ashy dull coloration with a
brittle or weak skeleton while in the intermediate stages they become
covered with mucus that collects debris.  Once the mucus and debris
clears a white calcareous dust is left on the surface and sometimes an
anaerobic blackness underneath, probably due to anaerobic microbial
decay of the tissue under the mucus.  Death is very quick in less than
two weeks. This description is particularly true for Montipora and
Echinopora but Astreopora largely develops a dull pale color and then
leaves a bare white skeleton, seldom producing mucus.  Echinopora is
more variable, with patches of dead skeleton among living patches.
Massive Porites turns from brown to ashy gray, becomes covered with
mucus, but so far there has been few observations of mortality.

Morbidity is not nearly as obvious as coral bleaching as the corals
become dull rather than bright white and they are often hidden by mucus
and a white dust as they die.  Also it is only affecting some taxa and
there has been no coloration change in other taxa, not even a paling.
Also, bleaching for these massive species is often protracted taking
weeks to months to die and the colors are more vibrant.  During the
recently observed mortality, death is rapid and the colors are dull and
do not attract attention.  Astreopora is fairly resistant to bleaching
and in this case it is the worst affected.  Unlike commonly reported
microbial diseases that form bands, there is no band formation, just an
ashy or loss of color, mucus and death beneath the mucus.  This was only
recognized from other sources of mortality because of continuous
fieldwork in different sites and might have otherwise been attributed to
local factors and mortality.

Because observations of this death in northern Kenyan corresponded with
a red tide, there was a possibility that this caused the death.  This
may not be the case, however, as there were no red tides in southern
Kenya.  There was a 3-4 day bloom or current drift of gelatinous
zooplankton in southern Kenya, but it was not associated with rich
plankton.  The weather has been windy, but not terribly strong and the
water is cool for this warm season at about 28oC in southern Kenya and
as low as 26oC in northern Kenya.  It is possible that this is caused by
water chemistry changes, but the taxa-specific response is very curious.

I have a few specimens that were in the final stages of death preserved
in Formalin, Alcohol and DMSO solution.  If somebody would like to try
to figure the cause of death I will send samples of this tissue.  If
somebody knows somebody competent to do this analysis, please pass on
this email to him or her.

I suggest that others in the field keep an eye out for this phenomenon,
it is not as obvious as coral bleaching but if one begins to look for
these taxa they will notice that all of the individuals that they see
have either recently died or are about to die.  It occurs very fast and
turf algae quickly colonize the skeletons, so one needs to be vigilant.

I will only be at this address until Friday the 1st of March and can
then be contacted at tmcclanahan@wcs.org or call me in the US at WCS
Marine Programs 718-220-5885 after March 7th.  I will bring coral tissue
with me in case somebody in the US would like to examine it.

Tim McClanahan  crcp@africaonline.co.ke

Julie Church  juliec@africaonline.co.ke

--
Tim McClanahan
Coral Reef Conservation Project
The Wildlife Conservation Society
Kibaki Flats #12
Kenyatta Beach, Bamburi
P.O. Box 99470
Mombasa, Kenya
email: crcp@africaonline.co.ke
Tel O: 254 11 485570
Tel H: 486549

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: RE: mangrove shoot transplantation
Date: Mon, 25 Feb 2002 16:53:51 -0400
From: "Laurie Requa" <lrequa@uvi.edu>
To: <greenforce@pd.jaring.my>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Laura and Emma,
Check this web site out.  There has been a very successful restoration
project on St.Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.  The web site talks about the
project on St. Croix and will give you the link to the methodology they
utilized.

//rps.uvi.edu/VIMAS/stxprog.html


Good luck.
Laurie Requa



Laurie Requa
Research Assistant
Center for Marine and Environmental Studies
University of the Virgin Islands
(340)693-1393
(340)693-1385 (fax)

Subject: Re: Regarding zooplankton
Date: Mon, 25 Feb 2002 19:54:17 -0500
From: "James W. Porter" <jporter@arches.uga.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Debbie MacKenzie" <debimack@auracom.com>

Dear Dr. Mackenzie and Coral list-servers,
    From our studies on coral feeding, I suspect that food-shortage issues
pertaining to reef zooplankton will come not only from pelagic zooplankton
that float over reefs, but more likely from demersal (bottom dwelling)
zooplankton that live on coral reefs.  We showed in our paper (Porter, J.W.
and K.G. Porter. 1977. Quantitative sampling of demersal plankton migrating
from different coral reef substrates. Limnol. Oceanogr. 22:553-556.) that
physically damaged or degraded coral reef habitats produce almost an order
of magnitude less demersal zooplankton per hour than topographically complex
and healthy reefs.  For reef organisms dependent on this food supply, reef
degradation has a seriously deleterious affect on both food quantity and
food quality.  We do not know the relative importance of pelagic versus
demersal plankton, but if I were to venture a working hypothesis, I would
say that more than 75% of both the carbon and the calories that we measured
in the guts of several reef-building coral species came from demersal
plankton and not from pelagic plankton.
    Good luck with further research on your interesting and novel
perspective.
    Jim Porter
Subject:
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 10:27:22 GMT
From: "Chris T Perry" <C.T.Perry@mmu.ac.uk>
Organization: Manchester Metropolitan University
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Call for submission of manuscripts

Special Issue of Coral Reefs, on Marginal and Non Reef-Building Coral
Environments

Volume 23 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue entitled
"Marginal and Non Reef-Building Coral Environments." The aim of this
thematic issue is to highlight the varied character, processes, and
issues relevant to more marginal coral-dominated settings, including
high-latitude environments, high-turbidity sites, fluvially influenced
sites, upwelling-influenced areas, and high-salinity settings. Under
varied marginal conditions, reef framework is often either restricted
or, in extreme cases, entirely absent. These settings are of
significant interest from both biological and geological perspectives
because they emphasize the highly variable nature of reef and coral
community structure, may still harbour an important array of tropical
coral-related species, and are often locally important from
socio-economic perspectives. In addition, their marginal nature
(perhaps close to the environmental thresholds for coral survival) may
make them particularly susceptible to environmental disturbance and
climatic change. From the geological perspective, there are
interesting questions relating to the nature of marginal reef growth,
their accumulation potential, and the processes of carbonate cycling
(e.g., bioerosion, encrustation). Marginal sites may also have
potential as analogues for the highly diverse coral-dominated settings
that are preserved in the fossil record. Potential topics might
include (but are not limited to) geological evolution and
significance, sedimentary settings, species assemblages and ecological
significance, coral physiology, environmental disturbance, management,
and conservation.

The issue (approximately 100 pages) will be published as soon as 12
papers have been accepted; additional submissions will be considered
for publication in subsequent issues. Reviews and Reef Sites on an
appropriate theme are also welcome.

Papers should be submitted no later than 1st September 2002. Papers
should follow the guidelines for Coral Reefs and may be submitted to
the Guest Editors in pdf format (they will also be accepted by the
Guest Editors at the ISRS Meeting in Cambridge at which there is a
related thematic session running). To ensure a speedy publication,
manuscripts should be submitted as soon as possible.

Prospective authors should first contact the Guest Editors, Chris
Perry or Piers Larcombe.

Dr Chris Perry
Dept. of Environmental & Geographical Sciences,
Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building
Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD U.K.
Tel: +44 (0) 161 247 6210
Fax: +44 (0) 161 247 6318
E-mail: c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk

Dr Piers Larcombe
Marine Geophysical Laboratory,
James Cook University, Townsville,
4811 Australia.
Tel.  +61 7 47815056
Fax. +61 7 47814334
E-mail: piers.larcombe@jcu.edu.au
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: London Times article
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 11:06:47 +0000
From: "Murray Roberts" <mr-t@dml.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all

You may be interested to read an article on trawl damage to cold-water
coral reefs that appears in todays Times newspaper (London). See:
http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/0,,7-218820,00.html

If you want to contribute to the discussion, there's an option to do
this at the end of the article. It would be interesting to add a north
American perspective to this.

best wishes
Murray

J Murray Roberts
Scottish Association for Marine Science
Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory
Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1631-559241
Fax: +44 (0)1631-559001
e-mail: m.roberts@dml.ac.uk
website: www.sams.ac.uk
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Cyanide in seawater
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 15:31:42 +0200
From: "David Zakai" <dudu.zakai@nature-parks.org.il>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear list members,

Is any one familiar with a quick, as well as easy method/protocol to check
the presence of cyanide in seawater?

Thanks,

David



David ZAKAI
Red Sea Marine Biologist
Israel Nature & National Parks Protection Authority
P.O.Box 667, Eilat, Israel
AND
The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Science
of Eilat, P.O.Box 469, Eilat, Israel

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Subject: RE: mangrove shoot transplantation
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 09:42:21 -0400
From: "Laurie Requa" <lrequa@uvi.edu>
To: <greenforce@pd.jaring.my>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Laura, Emma, and coral list,
If people are having problems opening the web site I sent try it again or
the following steps.
//rps.uvi.edu/VIMAS/srb_rest.htm
or
//MarSci.uvi.edu
click on the VIMAS button
click on the St. Croix Programs button
the next button should be mangrove restoration or mangrove project
 I hope this works.  If not let me know and I will give you the long way in.
Cheers,
Laurie

Subject: Re: London Times article
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 15:33:40 -0400
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: "Murray Roberts" <mr-t@dml.ac.uk>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

At 11:06 AM 26/02/2002 +0000, you wrote:
>Dear all
>
>You may be interested to read an article on trawl damage to cold-water
>coral reefs that appears in todays Times newspaper (London). See:
>http://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/0,,7-218820,00.html
>
>If you want to contribute to the discussion, there's an option to do
>this at the end of the article. It would be interesting to add a north
>American perspective to this.

The North American Atlantic cold water coral story is essentially identical
to what's described in that article - with one exception though, we've not
yet had the public outrage and demand for these areas to be off limits to
fishing trawlers. There is a proposal for the establishment of a protected
area, but it's moving very slowly and now looks most likely as if there
will be oil drilling in the area within the next few years. Here are links
to a couple of pages on the topic including a few pictures:

http://cohps.atlantisforce.org/Deepmon.html

http://biotype.biology.dal.ca/biotype/1998/dec98/coral.html

Debbie MacKenzie

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Subject: Re: Coral mortality in Kenya affecting Astreopora, Montipora and
     Echinopora.
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 10:13:51 -0500
From: Laurie Richardson <richardl@fiu.edu>
To: crcp@africaonline.co.ke
CC: NOAA Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Church, Julie" <juliec@africaonline.co.ke>

What you describe sounds like the coral surfaces have become anaerobic.  The
"white dust" is probably a population of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (look at
a sample under the microscope - if you see filaments full of bright granules
- stored elemental sulfur - then you are seeing the sulfide-oxidizing
bacterium Beggiatoa, which looks to the eye like white granules.  As to the
cause of death - it is unclear, just by visual observations, whether
something killed the coral and then an anaerobic bacterial population
developed, or if some imbalance occurred and massive oxygen consumption by
rapidly growing bacteria resulted in development of anaerobic
microenvironments which selected for sulfate-reducers which then produced
sulfide which then enriched for sulfide-oxidizers, etc.  The black layer is
probably precipited ironsulfide oxides.  Good luck!

CRCP wrote:

> Coral mortality in Kenya affecting Astreopora, Montipora and Echinopora.
>
> A new source of coral mortality has been observed in Kenya and is
> largely affecting Astreopora, Montipora and Echinopora but also
> Acropora, Platygyra and massive Porites.  Below is a description of the
> mortality and a request for others to make observations on these taxa
> and to assist identifying the source of the mortality.  This is not a
> localized source of mortality but is occurring on a scale of several
> hundred kilometers and has largely eliminated Astreopora and Montipora
> on Kenyan reefs.
>
> Observations made during the past two weeks indicate mortality
> significantly different from bleaching or local sources of mortality.
> In the early stages corals develop an ashy dull coloration with a
> brittle or weak skeleton while in the intermediate stages they become
> covered with mucus that collects debris.  Once the mucus and debris
> clears a white calcareous dust is left on the surface and sometimes an
> anaerobic blackness underneath, probably due to anaerobic microbial
> decay of the tissue under the mucus.  Death is very quick in less than
> two weeks. This description is particularly true for Montipora and
> Echinopora but Astreopora largely develops a dull pale color and then
> leaves a bare white skeleton, seldom producing mucus.  Echinopora is
> more variable, with patches of dead skeleton among living patches.
> Massive Porites turns from brown to ashy gray, becomes covered with
> mucus, but so far there has been few observations of mortality.
>
> Morbidity is not nearly as obvious as coral bleaching as the corals
> become dull rather than bright white and they are often hidden by mucus
> and a white dust as they die.  Also it is only affecting some taxa and
> there has been no coloration change in other taxa, not even a paling.
> Also, bleaching for these massive species is often protracted taking
> weeks to months to die and the colors are more vibrant.  During the
> recently observed mortality, death is rapid and the colors are dull and
> do not attract attention.  Astreopora is fairly resistant to bleaching
> and in this case it is the worst affected.  Unlike commonly reported
> microbial diseases that form bands, there is no band formation, just an
> ashy or loss of color, mucus and death beneath the mucus.  This was only
> recognized from other sources of mortality because of continuous
> fieldwork in different sites and might have otherwise been attributed to
> local factors and mortality.
>
> Because observations of this death in northern Kenyan corresponded with
> a red tide, there was a possibility that this caused the death.  This
> may not be the case, however, as there were no red tides in southern
> Kenya.  There was a 3-4 day bloom or current drift of gelatinous
> zooplankton in southern Kenya, but it was not associated with rich
> plankton.  The weather has been windy, but not terribly strong and the
> water is cool for this warm season at about 28oC in southern Kenya and
> as low as 26oC in northern Kenya.  It is possible that this is caused by
> water chemistry changes, but the taxa-specific response is very curious.
>
> I have a few specimens that were in the final stages of death preserved
> in Formalin, Alcohol and DMSO solution.  If somebody would like to try
> to figure the cause of death I will send samples of this tissue.  If
> somebody knows somebody competent to do this analysis, please pass on
> this email to him or her.
>
> I suggest that others in the field keep an eye out for this phenomenon,
> it is not as obvious as coral bleaching but if one begins to look for
> these taxa they will notice that all of the individuals that they see
> have either recently died or are about to die.  It occurs very fast and
> turf algae quickly colonize the skeletons, so one needs to be vigilant.
>
> I will only be at this address until Friday the 1st of March and can
> then be contacted at tmcclanahan@wcs.org or call me in the US at WCS
> Marine Programs 718-220-5885 after March 7th.  I will bring coral tissue
> with me in case somebody in the US would like to examine it.
>
> Tim McClanahan  crcp@africaonline.co.ke
>
> Julie Church  juliec@africaonline.co.ke
>
> --
> Tim McClanahan
> Coral Reef Conservation Project
> The Wildlife Conservation Society
> Kibaki Flats #12
> Kenyatta Beach, Bamburi
> P.O. Box 99470
> Mombasa, Kenya
> email: crcp@africaonline.co.ke
> Tel O: 254 11 485570
> Tel H: 486549
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

--
Laurie L. Richardson
Associate Professor
Department of Biological Sciences
Florida International University
Miami, Florida  USA   33199

phone:  305/348-1988
fax:  305/348-1986
email: richardl@fiu.edu

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: NCRI rfp
Date: Wed, 27 Feb 2002 16:21:02 -0500
From: "James D. Thomas" <thomasjd@nova.edu>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: Dick Dodge <dodge@ocean.nova.edu>, Carol Fretwell <fretwelc@nova.edu>

Announcement: Request for Proposals
        The National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI), Nova Southeastern
University, is
issuing a request for one-year proposals to be funded beginning May 1, 2002.
Initial funding will be for one year. Two general themes have been
identified as funding priorities:

       Coral reef biodiversity research
       Coral Reef population studies

        A limited amount of funding is available for supporting projects
that
incorporate research syntheses, preliminary, and feasibility studies of
emerging scientific themes that show theoretical and practical promise, and
may have not yet been identified as a priority by traditional funding
channels. Special consideration will be given to projects that provide
evidence of supplemental, leveraged, and institutional matching funding to
expand or broaden these activities. Funding requests should be approximately
$25,000 or less. It is expected that 2-4 proposals may be funded. Proposals
are due on March 30, 2002.
For additional information and submission requirements for this rfp,
investigators can go directly to the RFP homepage:

http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/rfp0202.html
or,

Visit the NCRI homepage at:
http://www.nova.edu/cwis/oceanography/ncri/index.html

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral Reef Remote Sensing Workshop
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2002 15:11:44 +1000
From: "Karen Joyce" <s349813@student.uq.edu.au>
Reply-To: <k.joyce@mailbox.uq.edu.au>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

To coincide with the 11th Australasian Remote Sensing and Photogrammetry
Conference in Brisbane (September 2-6, 2002), we are organizing a
Collaborative Coral Reef Remote Sensing Fieldtrip at the University of
Queenslands Heron Island research station (HIRS), southern Great Barrier
Reef.

The Goal:

To further the field of research in coral reef remote sensing through
initiating international collaboration, integrating knowledge, improving
skills and standardising methods for field data collection.
Subject: Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies Announcement Of Opportunity
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2002 15:29:57 -0500
From: "Ruth Kelty" <Ruth.Kelty@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

> Good afternoon,
>
> I am writing to share the following program announcement with members of
> the coral listserve.  The solicitation is summarized below, but be sure
> to look at the full Federal Register Notice because the program
> description and application requirements are quite detailed.
>
> ** Access the complete FY 2002 Federal Register Notice for the Coral
> Reef
> Ecosystems Studies Announcement of Opportunity**
>
> SUMMARY:     NOAA/NOS/CSCOR/COP is soliciting three to five year
> proposals to support coral reef ecosystem studies in regions under U.S.
> jurisdiction where coral reefs occur.  Proposals should address causes
> of regional declines in coral abundance and degradation of coral
> ecosystems.  CSCOR/COP?s interest is to provide timely and high-quality
> scientific results that can be used to develop alternative management
> strategies to restore and protect coral reef ecosystems.  To meet this
> goal, highest consideration will be given to multi-disciplinary team
> proposals incorporating hypothesis-driven research involving both the
> natural and social sciences, which includes participation by the
> territory, state, or Federal resource management community.  Because of
> the complex relationships among land-based activities, watershed/reef
> interactions, and local economies and values, the overall research
> proposal should include a component study that addresses social and
> economic aspects of the study area, and integrate this research into the
> study as a whole.
>
> Results from such research must be applicable to ecosystem
> sustainability studies and assessments for alternative management
> strategies.  Scientific information, syntheses, and models from this
> multi-disciplinary, long-term effort will enable resources mangers to
> make more informed decisions on managing U.S. coral reef ecosystems.
>
> Research should focus on coral reef ecosystems in the Atlantic or
> Pacific subject to the jurisdiction or control of the U.S.  CSCOR/COP
> will select the strongest and most balanced proposal that focuses on one
> of the geographic areas of special interest beginning with the highest
> priority:  The (1) Caribbean; (2) Western Pacific; (3) American Samoa;
> (4) Hawaiian Islands, and (5) Florida.  The specific area of study
> within these regions will be defined by the selected proposal.
>
> It is anticipated that one regional project will be funded at
> approximately $1,500,000 per year for up to five years, beginning in
> fiscal year 2002.  Actual funding levels will depend upon the final
> budget appropriations for each fiscal year.  The deadline for receipt of
> proposals at the CSCOR/COP office is 3 p.m., e.s.t. April 17, 2002.
>
> The full Federal Register Notice can be viewed through links on the
> CSCOR/COP website (http://www.cop.noaa.gov/funding.html) or by clicking
> on the link at the beginning of this message.
>
> FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
> Technical information: Ruth Kelty, 301-713-3020 x133,
> ruth.kelty@noaa.gov.
> Business Management Information: Leslie McDonald, 301 713-3338 x155,
> Leslie.McDonald@noaa.gov.
>
> --
> Ruth Kelty, Ph.D.
> National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
> National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
> 1305 East-West Highway, SSMC 4, rm. 8215
> Silver Spring, MD 20910
> (301) 713-3020 x133 Fax (301) 713-4353

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Subject: ASCII postings
Date: Thu, 28 Feb 2002 22:53:27 GMT
From: coral-list admin <jch@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Please try to post your messages in ASCII instead of HTML-only or mixed
ASCII/HTML.  It makes it easier for everyone.

Thanks,
Jim
coral-list admin

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Subject: Seeking nominees for UNDP conservation/sustainable use award
Date: Fri, 01 Mar 2002 09:30:19 -0500
From: Mike Mascia <mbm4@duke.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Please contact <EquatorInitiative@undp.org> for more information.

> >
> >Equator Initiative: The Innovative Partnership Awards for Sustainable
> >
> >Development in Tropical Ecosystems
> >
> >The Equator Initiative Awards will recognize five community initiatives
that
> >exemplify extraordinary achievement in reducing poverty through the
> >conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the Equatorial belt*.
> >Each of the five selected initiatives will receive a monetary award of
> >US$30,000, a certificate of recognition, a trophy, and be represented at
the
> >World Summit in Johannesburg, South Africa from 26 August to 4 September
> >2002. A special recognition prize will be awarded to a World Heritage
site
> >for the successful integration of conservation and local livelihoods.
> >
> >The official call for nominations for the first Equator Initiative Awards
> >was made on January 30, 2002, at the Equator Initiative Launch Event at
the
> >Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
> >
> >We need your help to reach the indigenous and local communities across
the
> >Equatorial belt that the Equator Initiative aims to recognize and
support.
> >Please nominate an innovative community initiative for the Equator
> >Initiative Awards and/or share this information with other individuals,
> >communities and organizations, who may be aware of such initiatives to
>nominate.
> >
> >The Equator Initiative has been designed to support the World Summit on
> >Sustainable Development and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The
> >initiative seeks to promote a worldwide movement to reduce poverty along
> >with the conservation, sustainable use and equitable sharing of benefits
> >from biodiversity. This aim will be accomplished through a three-part
> >programme consisting of a prestigious award to recognize local
achievements,
> >learning exchange grants to foster South-South capacity building, and the
> >generation and sharing of knowledge to influence policy.
> >
> >Please nominate an innovative community initiative for the Equator
> >Initiative Awards. Nominations will be accepted until May 15, 2002.
> >
> >The Equator Initiative will continue beyond the World Summit by drawing
upon
> >the lessons and approaches identified through the awards process.
> >
> >The lessons distilled will be disseminated through a series of policy
> >papers, case studies and capacity-building exchanges. The capacity
building
> >exchanges will be in the form of on site community visits to award
>recipients.
> >
> >The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is pleased to offer the
> >Equator Initiative, a new partnership programme with the Government of
> >Canada, the International Development Research Centre (IDRC), the
Television
> >Trust for the Environment (TVE), BrasilConnects and the United Nations
> >Foundation (UNF).
> >
> >Information on eligibility and selection criteria as well as nomination
> >forms may be obtained through:
> >
> >Equator Initiative
> >
> >Environmentally Sustainable Development Group (ESDG)
> >
> >Bureau for Development Policy (BDP)
> >
> >United Nations Development Programme
> >
> >One UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA
> >
> >Tel: (212) 906-6206
> >
> >Fax: (212) 906-6973
> >
> >E-mail: EquatorInitiative@undp.org
> >
> >www.EquatorInitiative.org
> >
> >
> >
> >* The Equatorial belt encompasses the region of the earth that is 23.5
> >north and south of the Equator. Approximately 116 countries are fully or
> >partially located within this region.
> >
> >
> >

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: HEADS-UP: coral-list move
Date: Fri, 01 Mar 2002 11:39:10 -0500
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers,

        We will soon be moving coral-list from the venerable old SGI Indy,
where it has been since its beginning, to a new server.  Hopefully our
downtime will be short, but if you experience difficulties, or are not
receiving messages as often as you used to, this is probably why.
Please feel free to drop me a line if you have any questions (but
hopefully not all 1,823 of you at once!).

        Thank you so much for your patience.

        Cheers,

        Jim Hendee
        coral-list admin

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Just because your voice reaches halfway around
the world doesn't mean you are wiser than when it
reached only to the end of the bar.

                           -- Edward R. Murrow --
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Deadline for short course linking biology and hydrodynamics
Date: Sun, 03 Mar 2002 08:50:53 +1000
From: Terry Done <T.Done@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

 Training Workshop - Linking Biology and Hydrodynamics
Using hydrodynamic models and biological sub-models as tools for diagnosis
and planning
Sunday 14th July to Friday 19th July 2002
Sirius Room, Australian Institute of Marine Science and James Cook
University, Townsville, Queensland.

One tutor provided for each five participants
Learn to access the tools via the internet on an ongoing basis

               Registration:           US$1250,  Aus$2,500
               Limit:          25 participants

Deadline:               15 March 2002

For further details please see www.reef.crc.org.au/winterschool, or contact
Jon Brodie at Jon.Brodie@jcu.edu.au

Dr Terry Done
Leading Scientist,  Biodiversity and Conservation Group
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB #3 Mail Centre,
Townsville Qld          4810
Australia

Phone 61 7 47 534 344
Fax   61 7 47 725 852
email: tdone@aims.gov.au

WEBSITE for 9th International Coral Reef Symposium
www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs

Subject: Looking for Dr. Stan Massel
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2002 11:25:03 +1300
From: Oliver Gussmann <gusol423@student.otago.ac.nz>
To: Coral List Messages <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Listers,

Does anyone have an email contact for Dr. Stan Massel (still at AIMS?).

Cheers,

Oliver
~~~~~~~
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Subject: moorings?
Date: Mon, 4 Mar 2002 14:37:40 -0800 (PST)
From: Silvia Pinca <milviapin@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello everyone,

does anyone out there know about fundings/grants
to install moorings on coral reefs for protection
purposes? (Associated or not to existing MPAs
and/or ecotouristic facilities...)
Thank you very much in advance.
Silvia

=====
Silvia Pinca,

Marine Science Program
College of the Marshall Islands
P.O. Box 1258
Majuro, MH 96960
ph. 692-625-5903

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Sports - sign up for Fantasy Baseball
http://sports.yahoo.com
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Reef Check's Latest Newsletter
Date: Tue, 5 Mar 2002 14:27:05 -0500 (EST)
From: Kelly McGee <mcgee_kelly@yahoo.ca>
To: Coral List Messages <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral List,

Please visit http://www.reefcheck.org/newsletter3.htm
for the Winter Edition of The Transect Line, Reef
Check's quarterly newsletter!

Enjoy!

Kelly McGee
Editor
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Kelly McGee
Outreach Coordinator
Reef Check Headquarters
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall, Box 951496
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA
1-310-794-4985 (phone)
1-310-825-0758 (fax)
rcheck2@ucla.edu
www.reefcheck.org

Starfish are falling stars
who have landed in the sea

______________________________________________________________________
Find, Connect, Date! http://personals.yahoo.ca
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Video taping coral reefs for species identification...
Date: Tue, 05 Mar 2002 16:05:57 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA Beaufort Lab
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Listers:  Any and all ideas, publications, etc concerning video
taping of corals to identify to the species level would be greatly
appreciated.  We will be using a sony 900 housed in an amphibico
navigator housing, shooting approximately 40 cm above the seafloor.
Some of the reefs are very rugose, and we need to maintain that exact
height all along the transect (30m).  Lasers, t-bars, and so forth I
know about, actual designs is what Im looking for to incorporate into
our equipment.  Suggestions for lighting systems will also be greatly
appreciated

Thanks so much

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)  <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab
  101 Pivers Island Road                     Cellular: 252-725-4794
  Beaufort                                   Fax: 252-728-8740
  North Carolina                             Work: 252-728-8777
  28512
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Bonn
  First Name    Craig
  Version       2.1

Subject: P. versipora, C. gaboensis
Date: Wed, 06 Mar 2002 07:47:21 +0100
From: "chiara caligara" <chiaracaligara@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers,
I'm looking for photos of these two species of corals: the soft coral
Capnella gaboensis and the stony coral Plesiastrea versipora. I hope you
will be able to give me some suggestions.
Thank you,
Chiara

_________________________________________________________________
Tlchargez MSN Explorer gratuitement  l'adresse
http://explorer.msn.fr/intl.asp.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Call for proposals re: coral reef conservation (due date April 3)
Resent-From: noaa.coral@noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 06 Mar 2002 06:56:11 -0500
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>,
     CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>,
     corallist <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     _NOAA Coral <noaa.coral@noaa.gov>

*  Please distribute - proposals due by April 3, 2002 *

Call for Proposals:  Funding available for coral reef conservation projects.

(For application see http://www.nfwf.org/programs/coralreef.htm)

In partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) and others, the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) is
accepting proposals for projects that build public-private partnerships
to reduce and prevent degradation of coral reefs and associated reef
habitats
(e.g. seagrass beds, mangroves etc.). Projects may address causes of
coral reef degradation wherever they occur, from inland areas to coastal
watersheds to the reefs and surrounding marine environment. Proposals
are due April 3, 2002 (no exceptions).  Additional information is provided
below.

For application instructions or other information see
http://www.nfwf.org/programs/coralreef.htm or contact Michelle Pico
(pico@nfwf.org).
_____________________________________________

FUNDING AVAILABLE FOR CORAL REEF CONSERVATION
PROJECTS

The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF) is accepting proposals
for projects that build public-private partnerships to reduce and
prevent degradation of coral reefs and associated reef habitats (e.g.
seagrass beds, mangroves etc.). Projects may address causes of coral
reef degradation wherever they occur, from inland areas to
coastal watersheds to the reefs and surrounding marine environment.
Proposals should support partnerships that provide solutions to specific
problems to help prevent coral reef degradation through one or more of
the following activities:

     Reducing impacts from pollution and sedimentation;
     Reducing impacts from over-harvesting and other fishing activities;

     Reducing impacts of tourism and boating;
     Restoring damaged reefs;
     Increasing community awareness through education and stewardship
activities.

Proposals are due April 3, 2002 (no exceptions).

Background
Coral reefs and their associated habitats are among the most
biologically diverse and complex ecosystems in the world. This
incredible diversity supports economies through activities such as
tourism, fishing, and pharmaceutical production. Despite their
importance, coral reefs are rapidly being degraded and destroyed by a
variety of human impacts such as pollution, overfishing, and physical
disturbance to the reefs.

Priority projects will include those that:

   1.Build public-private partnerships, develop innovative partnerships,
are community-based, involve multiple stakeholders;
   2.Provide solutions to specific problems to reduce and prevent
degradation of coral reefs in the above listed areas;
   3.Are coordinated and consistent with on-going coral reef
conservation initiatives such as International Coral Reef Initiative's
Framework for Action and Renewed Call to
     Action , the U.S. National Action Plan (U.S. Coral Reef Task Force,
State and Territorial coral reef management programs, and U.S. All
Islands Coral Reef Initiative, as appropriate;
   4.Are focused on U.S. domestic, U.S. insular (territorial,
commonwealth), Freely Associated States (Micronesia, Marshall Islands
and Palau), Caribbean or Mesoamerican coral reef ecosystems;
   5.Address an unmet need that will provide direct benefits to coral
reefs;
   6.Target a specific audience and address specific threats with a
hands-on approach.

Awards and Matching Funds
Most grants will be between $10,000 and $50,000. The average grant will
be approximately $25,000. Proposals should describe projects or progress
that can be achieved in a 12 month time period but may be part of a
long-term effort. All projects should include matching funding from
project partners at a minimum ratio of 1:1 - although leverage
ratios of 2:1 are preferred. As most of the grant dollars available for
coral conservation will be federal (U.S. Department of Commerce=s
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration), matching contributions
must be from non-federal sources.

Eligible Applicants
Applications will be accepted from U.S. or international non-profit
organizations, academic institutions and government agencies (except
U.S. federal agencies). U.S. federal agencies are encouraged to work
collaboratively with non-federal project partners.

To Apply: Submit application, see below.
Electronic versions of the application form for coral reef conservation
are available below. Applicants will be notified after August 5th as to
the status of their proposal. The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation
does not anticipate another call for coral reef conservation proposals
before January of 2003. If you have any questions about the program,
please contact Michelle Pico (pico@nfwf.org).

  Roger Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/OCRM 1305 East West Highway          Pager: 888-995-4334
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4012
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-3155x104
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: FW: Mauritius: Paradise Lost?
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 2002 17:57:41 +0400
From: "Tania van Schalkwyk" <tvs@uskonet.com>
To: <tvs@uskonet.com>

Contactez tvs@uskonet.com <mailto:tvs@uskonet.com>  pour la version
francaise de cette petition.

 You gather the idea that Mauritius was made first and then heaven. And
that heaven was copied after Mauritius. 
-Mark Twain, 'Following the Equator', 1897.

Mauritius: Paradise Lost?
Petition to Save L'ile aux Benitiers.

Mauritius, once a tropical rainforest paradise, is fast sinking like
Atlantis, under the weight of its concrete jungle.  The latest assault
on
our country comes in the form of plans to develop L'ile aux Benitiers on
the
southwest coast of Mauritius. The proposed project by Food & Allied
Industries Limited (FAIL) would have devastating repercussions on the
environmental & sociocultural ecosystems of our island.

After having received, as gifts  from the state, the most beautiful
beaches
of the Mauritian coast, leaving a bare minimum of public beaches to the
Mauritian public, the 'developers' now want to appropriate themselves of
our
islets.

Even while  environmental reports conducted on behalf of the Mauritian
government  categorically insist on the  conservation of islets, and to
"restore biodiversity of islets" ( National Environmental Action Plan,
1998
, p.175 "Coastal Zone Management Programme")-
Even while the government engages itself to adhere to and apply
international conventions on the protection of terrestrial & marine
biodiversity-
This same government, on the other hand; seems to continue to try and
dispose of these islets like sale items at a fleamarket; when their rich
biodiversity has not even been properly studied or taken into
consideration.

L'ile aux Benitiers  is unique. It is totally absurd to transform this
islet's natural environment into a  hotel/residential/camping/etc.
project.
Such an idea is even counter-productive to the economic welfare of the
region: including the fishing & tourist industries.

It is blatantly obvious that there will be serious, negative
repercussions
to the site's fragile ecosystem of  marine & terrestrial life, to which
l'ile aux Benitiers is crucial .  Two examples of the many disastruous &
irreversible damages that will be incurred due to an infrastructural
development of the islet, are :
-       The increase in boat traffic  & access  necessitates  sand
extraction  which leads to a long-lasting  degradation of the quality of
water and marine life.
-       Development of and construction on the terrestrial environment
necessitates deforestation which leads to soil erosion.

And what of the negative sociocultural impacts such development will
have on
the quiet & peaceful villages of the region( notably La Gaulette) ; an
integral part of our Mauritian culture ?
-       Noise & Light pollution.
-       An increase in prostitution and delinquency.
-       Savage development.
-       The loss of village traditions.

        Will La Gaulette, Mauritius have to suffer the same fate as Grand
Bay or Flic en Flac? Costa del Sol (Spain) or Durban beachfront (South
Africa)?
NO!
WE WILL NOT ACCEPT  THE DISFIGUREMENT OF
L'ILE AUX BENITIERS.
-       We therefore categorically oppose ANY DEVELOPMENT, including
hotel/residential/golf course/restaurant/recreational/commercial
projects,
occurring on  L'ile aux Benitiers An islet so important to us all:
-       La Gaulette villagers, Mauritian citizens, foreign tourists, the
plant, animal and sea life of Mauritius, the tropical ecosystem of the
Indian Ocean and therefore the planet and all its inhabitants.
We launch an international appeal for the protection, conservation and
restoration of the terrestrial and marine biodiversity of L'ile aux
Benitiers.

We urge the Mauritian government to review its position and procedures
towards the classification of our country's islets.

We request L'ile aux Benitiers to be reclassified as a nature reserve.

We urgently request the relevant authorities to implement  an
environmental
education & information programme in the region, so that all persons
using
our islets, beaches and lagoon can do so in a well-informed manner,
therefore ensuring responsability towards the social and environmental
protection of our coastal heritage.

        For the Future of Our Children. For the Future of Our Planet.  March
2002

Only after the Last Tree has been cut down,Only after the Last River has
been poisoned,
Only after the Last Fish has been Caught, Only then will you find that
Money
Cannot be Eaten.
-Cree Indian Prophecy

****************************************************************************
**************************************************************
Please follow these instructions in order to sign the petition:

*       Forward this mail to as many people as possible.
*       Click on the forward icon of your toolbar.
*       Add the addresses of your contacts in your mail's 'send to' bar.
*       Scroll down the forwarded message & add your number, name, email
(optional) & country to the list (at the very bottom of the mail).
*       If you are number 30 or higher on the list:
                                - please forward the email & list of names
to the following address:   tvs@uskonet.com <mailto:tvs@uskonet.com>
-                                     - and start a new email & list with
your name at the top (number 1), then forwarding this new mail to  your
contacts.
Thank you!

Collectif pour la Prservation de l'le aux Bnitiers :
Komite des Forc Vivs de La Gaulette, Ecosud, Solidarite Anti-Pollution
de
l'Ouest,  et al.
Email : tvs@uskonet.com <mailto:tvs@uskonet.com>
For more information & other ways to help .

        (1) Tania van Schalkwyk tvs@uskonet.com <mailto:tvs@uskonet.com> ,
Mauritius.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Coral injury sites
Date: Wed, 06 Mar 2002 16:21:52 -0500
From: "Gregory Piniak" <Gregory.Piniak@noaa.gov>
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-listers,

We are in the process of adapting a spatially-explicit seagrass recovery
model for use in describing and predicting the recovery of damaged coral
reefs.  We have three main objectives: to establish initial conditions
for the model under different injury and reef type scenarios; to select
appropriate species to model, based on species composition and
recruitment processes; and to begin calibrating the model's recovery
response.  We will primarily be working with NOAA Sanctuary biologists
to base the model on vessel grounding sites in the Florida Keys.
However, we are also looking for other sites in Florida or the Caribbean
that might provide an opportunity to survey disturbed reefs of known
injury age.  While the model was initially developed for boat
groundings, we are also interested in considering other injuries or
pertubations such as hurricanes, bleaching, and oil spills.  If any
listers can suggest appropriate damaged reefs, please email the reef
location, type and date of disturbance, and general site description to
Gregory.Piniak@noaa.gov.

Thank you for your time and your input.

Sincerely,

Greg Piniak
~~~~~~~
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Subject: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Thu, 07 Mar 2002 05:43:24 +0800
From: pacaqts <pacaqts@tm.net.my>
Organization: Pacific Aqua-Tech Systems Sdn. Bhd.
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral - List Members,

Though MPAs have a great many benefits with regards to observations ,
statements in a stack of MPA pubs, etc.  - where may I quickly find direct
research and studies references that "do the numbers?"  The politicians and
Gov. economic advisers simply say to us  'Yeah, well good & fine - talk is
talk - but show us the figures - where you can prove to us that fisheries
stocks are indeed enhanced by MPAs?"

I need case examples with those numbers and not just words, observations,
and perhaps institutional / academic 'whitewashing'.   An example of numbers
would be a historical record of past catch landings vs those after the MPA
establishment - with direct, verifiable correlation to the MPA of course.
Anyone comment on Apo?

Any assistance would be well appreciated here.

Many thanks,
Don Baker
Lankayan-Billean-Tegaipil MPA
Sabah, Malaysia

Subject: Reefs@Risk Southeast Asia Analysis Announcement
Date: Wed, 06 Mar 2002 19:39:48 -0800
From: Anita Daley <adaley@coral.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: <info1@wri.org>, <MARISSA@wri.org>

Greetings Coral-listers-

On behalf of the World Resources Institute and the International Coral Reef
Action Network, I am pleased to inform you of the newly released Reefs@Risk
in Southeast Asia report.  The R@R SE Asia report is a publication of the
World Resources Institute in collaboration with the United Nations
Environment Programme- World Conservation and Monitoring Centre, the World
Fish Center and the International Coral Reef Action Network.

Following up the the 1998 global Reefs@Risk analysis, this R@R Southeast
Asia is the first in a series of regional analyses. (The next report will
focus on the Caribbean).  R@R SE Asia evaluates human pressures on coral
reefs in the region; integrates available information on coral reef status,
protection and management, and economic valuation of coral reefs; and
provides a country-by-country analysis of coral reefs across SE Asia.  The
analysis also includes key recommendations for conserving the reefs in the
region.

The report can be ordered or downloaded from WRI's website.  For more
information please visit   http://www.wri.org/wri/reefsatrisk/

I've pasted below some key findings from the report for your perusal.

Please send inquiries about the report to <marissa@wri.org>.

Thanks,

Anita Daley, International Coral Reef Information Network

******************************************************************

Key findings of reefs at risk in Southeast Asia

Source: Reefs at risk in Southeast Asia

Biological endowment

Southeast Asia contains nearly 100,000 square kilometers of coral reefs,
almost 34 percent of the world total. With over 600 of the almost 800
reef-building coral species, these reefs have the highest levels of marine
biodiversity on earth. Southeast Asia is also the global center of
biodiversity for coral reef fish, mollusks, and crustaceans. The region also
contains 51 of the world's 70 mangrove species and 23 of the 50 seagrass
species.

Economic value

The economic value associated with coral reefs in Southeast Asia is
substantial. The value of the region's sustainable coral reef fisheries
alone is US$2.4 billion per year. In addition, coral reefs are vital to food
security, employment, tourism, pharmaceutical research, and shoreline
protection. The coral reefs of Indonesia and the Philippines provide annual
economic benefits estimated at US$1.6 billion and US$1.1 billion per year,
respectively.

Threats to reefs

The heavy reliance on marine resources across Southeast Asia has resulted in
the overexploitation and degradation of many coral reefs, particularly those
near major population centers. The main threats include overfishing,
destructive fishing practices, and sedimentation and pollution from
land-based sources. Human activities now threaten an estimated 88 percent of
Southeast Asia's coral reefs, jeopardizing their biological and economic
value to society. For 50 percent of these reefs, the level of threat is
"high" or "very high." Only 12 percent of reefs are at low risk.

The Reefs at Risk project estimates that about 64 percent of the region's
reefs are threatened by overfishing, and 56 percent are threatened by
destructive fishing techniques. In addition, dredging, landfilling, mining
of sand and coral, coastal construction, discharge of sewage and other
activities associated with coastal development threaten about 25 percent of
the region's coral reefs. Sediment and pollution from deforestation and
agricultural activities threaten an estimated 20 percent of the region's
reefs.

Over 90 percent of the coral reefs in Cambodia, Singapore, Taiwan, the
Philippines, Vietnam, China, and the Spratly Islands are threatened, and
over 85 percent of the reefs of Malaysia and Indonesia are threatened.
Indonesia and the Philippines together possess 77 percent of the region's
coral reefs and nearly 80 percent of all threatened reefs in the region.

Logging, destructive fishing practices, overfishing, and other activities
that are damaging to coral reefs may be lucrative to individuals in the
short-term. However, the net economic losses to society from diminished
coastal protection, tourism and sustainable fisheries usually outweigh the
short-term benefits. Over a 20-year period, current levels of blast fishing,
overfishing, and sedimentation could cost Indonesia and the Philippines more
than US$ 2.6 billion and US$ 2.5 billion, respectively.

Global climate change is also a significant threat to coral reefs in
Southeast Asia. Elevated sea-surface temperatures have resulted in more
severe and more frequent coral bleaching. The 1997-98 El Nio Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) event triggered the largest worldwide coral bleaching
event ever recorded. In Southeast Asia, an estimated 18 percent of the
region's coral reefs were damaged or destroyed.

Management

Effective management is key to maintaining coastal resources, but, is
inadequate across much of the region. Some 646 marine protected areas (MPAs)
cover an estimated 8 percent of the coral reefs. Of the 332 MPAs whose
management effectiveness could be determined, only 14 percent were rated as
effectively managed, 48 percent have partially effective management, and 38
percent have inadequate management.

The lack of information

Despite widespread recognition that coral reefs are severely threatened,
information about the status and nature of the threats to specific reef
areas is limited. This lack of information inhibits effective decisionmaking
concerning coastal resources. The Reefs at Risk project was developed to
address this deficiency by creating standardized indicators that raise
awareness about threats to coral reefs and to highlight the linkages between
human activity and coral reef condition.

___________________________________________________________

Anita Daley
International Coral Reef Information Network Manager

The Coral Reef Alliance
2014 Shattuck Avenue
Berkeley, CA 94704
(510) 848-0110 ext. 313
(510) 848-3720 fax
http://www.coral.org

"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Hurricanes
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 13:31:17 +0000 (GMT Standard Time)
From: Toby Gardner <T.Gardner@uea.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear All,

I am undertaking a meta-anlaysis of the effects of
hurricanes on the coral reefs of the wider Caribbean basin,
for my MSc research degree.  My primary research aim is

"To quantitatively synthesise studies reporting the effect
of tropical storms and hurricanes on the coral reefs of the
Caribbean basin in order to evaluate the variability in
observed effects between different species groups, and
between different background environmental characteristics"

The value of this study will hopefully come from
(1) elucidating the variability in effect size amongst
major functional groups, (2) explaining the variation in
effect size with respect to confounding human-induced
stresses such as overfishing, sedimentation etc, (3)
examine whether effect sizes characteristic of different
reef attributes are cumulative over time.

A great number of you have already offered invaluable
assistance in this research, for which I cannot thank you
enough.  If anyone whom I have not yet contacted directly
feels they can help with any of; scientific comment and
advice, data sources and possibilities of collaboration, or
knowledge of other research groups or individuals whom I
should contact I would be very appreciative indeed.

I can provide a detailed research proposal (12 pages - that
has been approved for funding), to anyone who feels they
may be able to help but would require more information.

I will be in the Caribbean from early April until
Ealry June (Miami, Puerto Rico, USVI, Jamaica)

Many thanks for your time in reading this

Toby

Toby Gardner
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
School of Biological Sciences
University East Anglia
Norwich NR4 7TJ
Tel: 01603 610340
Email: t.gardner@uea.ac.uk

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Subject: Would clonal coral lines help your research?
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 09:20:01 -0500 (Eastern Standard Time)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

We have been culturing a variety of Caribbean scleractinians and some
gorgonians for use in our physiological and reef restoration research for
some years. I have been approached on numerous occasions about providing
corals to other researchers but have not had the capacity to do so. There
are also factors relating to legal restrictions on these species.
Recently, there has been an increasing interest in using genetically-
defined (with respect to the host) coral lines. With a background in
biomedical sciences, I have long felt that the lack of such model
coral systems has been a major impediment to our understanding of basic
physiology and how environmental factors, including disease, affect
coral health.

I am preparing proposals to increase our culture capacity in order to
provide several genotypes of several coral species to the research
community. If clonal coral lines (Atlantic species only) would be of value
to your work, I would very much appreciate a brief letter of interest and
support. If you have a few extra minutes (I'm not sure that anyone does,
but..), any information about how coral lines would help your research and
suggestions for species would be appreciated. One possible funding
source is NSF so if your work has been, or is, supported by NSF, mention
of that would also help.

Please send letters to the address below and I thank you for considering
this request.

E. Mueller

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 745-2729
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 745-2730
Center for Tropical Research        Email: emueller@mote.org
24244 Overseas Highway (US 1)
Summerland Key, FL   33042

Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml

Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 14:57:56 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "pacaqts" <pacaqts@tm.net.my>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

There are several papers now that show increases in stock and catch when an
MPA has been established. The effect is most clear when the reserve is in
the midst of very heavily overfished areas -- any protection then usually
results in dramatic benefits. One or two studies that showed little or no
positive impacts have been from areas such as the GBR where fishing pressure
is not nearly as high. See papers by Angel Alcala, Gary Russ and Robert
Pomeroy (Masinloc) for starters.

Cheers!


 John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org

Subject: FW: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 11:06:06 -1000
From: "Samantha . Whitcraft" <SWhitcraft@kirc.state.hi.us>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

FYI...original reply sent directly to Don Baker's inquiry...

-----Original Message-----
From: Samantha . Whitcraft
Sent: Wednesday, March 06, 2002 12:56 PM
To: 'pacaqts'
Subject: RE: MPA Benefits - In Numbers

See Roberts, Callum M. et al. "Effects of  Marine Reserves on Adjacent
Fisheries" in Science Volume 294 November 2001

An excellent article that "confirms theoretical predictions that marine
reserves can play a key role in supporting fisheries." Science p. 1920

Hope that helps.

Aloha,
Sam


Ocean Program Manager
Kaho'olawe Island Reserve
Wailuku HI 96793
ph. 808-243-5889
fx. 808-243-5885
pg. 297-1917
www.state.hi.us/kirc
____________________________________________
E lawe i ke a'o a malama, a e 'oi mau ka na'auao. (He who takes his
teachings and applies them increases his knowledge.)

Subject: Sea urchin mortality at the Johnson Atoll
Date: Thu, 07 Mar 2002 16:14:05 -0500
From: "Harilaos Lessios" <LESSIOSH@naos.si.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Lindsey Hays, the refuge manager at the Johnson Atoll, reports widespread
mortality of Echinothrix (and maybe Diadema as well) all around the Atoll.
It seems that most of the sea urchins got sick and died rapidly.   He is
making efforts to collect samples, so that  the pathogens and the hosts can
be identified.

This may turn out to be a localized phenomenon, but this is what we
initially thought about the Diadema mortality in the Caribbean as well.
Just in case it spreads, it would be very useful for people in other areas
in the Pacific (particularly Hawaii and the Marshall Islands) to be ready
for it.  Surveys to determine population density of Echinothrix and Diadema
done now in unaffected areas can provide data that will become extremely
valuable.

It would also be a good idea to know ahead of time what to do if the
mortality should  appear elsewhere.  It is all common sense, but when things
are happening in a hurry, it is good to have a list.  If you notice sick or
dying sea urchins anywhere in the central Pacific:

1.Note  the date of the observation, and also note the date that populations
were last seen to be healthy.

2.  Collect specimens.  Some should be kept in 95% ethanol, some in 5%
formaldehyde, some frozen and (if possible) some should be cooled down on
ice for fast shipment to a microbiologist.

3.  If there are still healthy-looking animals around, collect some of these
too, so that their bacterial fauna can be compared with that of the sick
ones.

4.  If you have the time and the inclination, mark areas where the mortality
is occurring and areas where it does not seam to have reached yet.  Then
monitor these areas by counting numbers of healthy, sick and dead animals.

5.  Keep looking, even after the time that it seems that all the Echinothrix
is dead.  You may notice new ones emerging after a while (it happened with
Diadema antillarum).

6.  Don't expect the tests to stay around for very long.  They break down to
unrecognizable ossicles in a matter of days (parrot fish may help).

I hope that none of this will be necessary, because whatever is killing the
sea urchins at the Johnson Atoll will remain there.  Lindsay Hayes did a
great job of contacting people as soon as he realized that something was
amiss.  I wanted to spread the world around more widely in case things get
worse.

Haris Lessios

****************************
H.A. Lessios
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Balboa, Panama

Telephone: +507/212-8708
Fax: +507/212-8790 or 212-8791
>From the US (domestic call): 202/786-2099 x 8708
Mail address:
>From the USA:
Unit 0948
APO AA 34002-0948
>From elsewhere:
Box 2072
Balboa, Panama

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: RE: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 16:30:57 -0500
From: Sale Peter <sale@server.uwindsor.ca>
To: John McManus <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
CC: pacaqts <pacaqts@tm.net.my>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Be careful.  There are lots of papers that show an increase in stock
within the reserve, and many that claim an increase in fishery yield.  But
I do not believe there are any papers that demonstrate convincingly that
an MPA has enhanced yield in the non-protected, fished area around it to
an extent that exceeds the potential loss to the fishery by creating the
reserve, and removing that (reserve) area from the former fishing grounds.

Reserves PROBABLY enhance fisheries, but the data are not yet in.  Garry
Russ may be able to amplify this (or correct it).
Peter Sale

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Subject: Re: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Thu, 07 Mar 2002 16:32:41 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA Beaufort Lab
To: jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
CC: pacaqts <pacaqts@tm.net.my>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

There is an area near Cape Canaveral, Florida that has been closed to
fishing for years though is not officially  what you would call an MPA,
simply access has been denied due to proximity to the cape or something.
Anyway, along that boundary world- record  trophy fish are being caught  for
several species and I believe that has been attributed to the closure of the
area and to spillover.  I cant recall the author's name of the paper but
perhaps someone else can.  As far as historical catch records from the same
area, I dont know if they are available or not.  Im sure someone can help
you out on this.

Craig

John McManus wrote:

> There are several papers now that show increases in stock and catch when
> an MPA has been established. The effect is most clear when the reserve is
> in the midst of very heavily overfished areas -- any protection then
> usually results in dramatic benefits. One or two studies that showed
> little or no positive impacts have been from areas such as the GBR where
> fishing pressure is not nearly as high. See papers by Angel Alcala, Gary
> Russ and Robert Pomeroy (Masinloc) for starters.Cheers!
>
>  John
>
> _________________________________________________________
>
> John W. McManus, PhD
> Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
> University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
> Miami, Florida 33149.
> jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
> Tel. (305) 361-4814
> Fax (305) 361-4910
> www.ncoremiami.org
>
>      -----Original Message-----
>      From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>      [mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of
>      pacaqts
>      Sent: Wednesday, March 06, 2002 4:43 PM
>      To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
>      Subject: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
>
>      Dear Coral - List Members, Though MPAs have a great many
>      benefits with regards to observations , statements in a stack of
>      MPA pubs, etc.  - where may I quickly find direct research and
>      studies references that "do the numbers?"  The politicians and
>      Gov. economic advisers simply say to us  'Yeah, well good & fine
>      - talk is talk - but show us the figures - where you can prove
>      to us that fisheries stocks are indeed enhanced by MPAs?" I need
>      case examples with those numbers and not just words,
>      observations, and perhaps institutional / academic
>      'whitewashing'.   An example of numbers would be a historical
>      record of past catch landings vs those after the MPA
>      establishment - with direct, verifiable correlation to the MPA
>      of course. Anyone comment on Apo? Any assistance would be well
>      appreciated here. Many thanks,Don BakerLankayan-Billean-Tegaipil
>      MPASabah, Malaysia
>

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab

  Biological Science Technician (Fisheries)  <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS
  Beaufort Lab
  101 Pivers Island Road                     Cellular: 252-725-4794
  Beaufort                                   Fax: 252-728-8740
  North Carolina                             Work: 252-728-8777
  28512
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Bonn
  First Name    Craig
  Version       2.1

Subject: Re: FW: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 22:40:19 +0000 (GMT)
From: Zsolt Sary <z_sary@yahoo.co.uk>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

I too was under the impression that little direct
evidence exists to show that fishers can recover in
increased catches what they give up in reduced fishing
gounds.  So I would be interested to see what evidence
Callum presents to confirm those theoretical
predictions.

Is the article available in PDF format somewhere?

Thanks,

Zsolt Sary
ARC Environmental Ltd.
Kamloops, BC
Canada

 --- "Samantha . Whitcraft"
<SWhitcraft@kirc.state.hi.us> wrote: > FYI...original
reply sent directly to Don Baker's
> inquiry...
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Samantha . Whitcraft
> Sent: Wednesday, March 06, 2002 12:56 PM
> To: 'pacaqts'
> Subject: RE: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
>
>
> See Roberts, Callum M. et al. "Effects of  Marine
> Reserves on Adjacent
> Fisheries" in Science Volume 294 November 2001
>
> An excellent article that "confirms theoretical
> predictions that marine
> reserves can play a key role in supporting
> fisheries." Science p. 1920
>
> Hope that helps.
>
> Aloha,
> Sam
>
> Ocean Program Manager
> Kaho'olawe Island Reserve
> Wailuku HI 96793
> ph. 808-243-5889
> fx. 808-243-5885
> pg. 297-1917
> www.state.hi.us/kirc
> ____________________________________________
> E lawe i ke a'o a malama, a e 'oi mau ka na'auao.
> (He who takes his
> teachings and applies them increases his knowledge.)
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: pacaqts [mailto:pacaqts@tm.net.my]
> Sent: Wednesday, March 06, 2002 11:43 AM
> To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
>
>
> Dear Coral - List Members,
>
> Though MPAs have a great many benefits with regards
> to observations ,
> statements in a stack of MPA pubs, etc.  - where may
> I quickly find direct
> research and studies references that "do the
> numbers?"  The politicians and
> Gov. economic advisers simply say to us  'Yeah, well
> good & fine - talk is
> talk - but show us the figures - where you can prove
> to us that fisheries
> stocks are indeed enhanced by MPAs?"
>
> I need case examples with those numbers and not just
> words, observations,
> and perhaps institutional / academic 'whitewashing'.
>   An example of numbers
> would be a historical record of past catch landings
> vs those after the MPA
> establishment - with direct, verifiable correlation
> to the MPA of course.
> Anyone comment on Apo?
>
> Any assistance would be well appreciated here.
>
> Many thanks,
> Don Baker
> Lankayan-Billean-Tegaipil MPA
> Sabah, Malaysia
>
>

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Everything you'll ever need on one web page
from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts
http://uk.my.yahoo.com
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Subject: RE: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 18:25:28 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>, "Sale Peter" <sale@server.uwindsor.ca>
CC: "pacaqts" <pacaqts@tm.net.my>

The series of Alcala and Russ papers on Sumilon Island did not start before
the reserve was in place. However, the studies went through a period in
which fishing was permitted and then banned again. They showed that the
reserve had substantially more fish (like double?) as a reserve than when it
was not. They also showed that the loss of 20% of the fishing ground to
non-fishing status was more than made up for by the increased fishing catch.
The full story is across a string of papers in the ecological and fisheries
literature, plus a summary in Naga. There are also good success stories
being written up about the Apo reef reserve.

Bob Pomeroy, in a talk before the USCRTF last December, reported that coral
cover had doubled and fish abundances had increased ten-fold over a ten year
period following the establishment of the reserve in Masinloc, Philippines.
That is entirely believable, given that our studies in Bolinao just up the
coast showed that overall fish abundances were fished down to between 1/10th
and 1/100th of less fished reefs, and the coral cover was severely reduced
by blast fishing.

Again, I stress that the worse the overall situation before the reserve, the
more likely a little protection is going to show remarkable results. Note
that we are also talking about reefs that did not phase shift entirely to
algal dominance, which would have reduced the positive effects of the
reserves substantially.

Cheers!

 John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Sale Peter
Sent: Thursday, March 07, 2002 4:31 PM
To: John McManus
Cc: pacaqts; coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RE: MPA Benefits - In Numbers

Be careful.  There are lots of papers that show an increase in stock
within the reserve, and many that claim an increase in fishery yield.  But
I do not believe there are any papers that demonstrate convincingly that
an MPA has enhanced yield in the non-protected, fished area around it to
an extent that exceeds the potential loss to the fishery by creating the
reserve, and removing that (reserve) area from the former fishing grounds.

Reserves PROBABLY enhance fisheries, but the data are not yet in.  Garry
Russ may be able to amplify this (or correct it).
Peter Sale

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~~~~~~~
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Subject: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 09:53:02 +1000
From: "Mark Tupper" <mtupper@guam.uog.edu>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Don,

By MPAs "enhancing fisheries stocks", I presume you mean increasing catches
to the point that the loss of fishing grounds is mitigated for, which is the
true test of whether or not an MPA actually enhances fisheries. There are
very few studies that have directly tested the role of MPAs in enhancing
fishery yields, but here are some useful references:

McClanahan TR, Kaunda-Arara B 1996. Fishery recovery in a coral-reef park
and its effect on the adjacent fishery.

McClanahan TR, Mangi S. 2000. Spillover of fishes from a marine park and its
effect on the adjacent fishery.

Both studies found evidence of spillover and increased CPUE/catch per unit
area from marine parks in Kenya, but concluded that "the catch per area
increase was insufficient to compensate for the lost area over this early
period of the park's establishment."

Roberts CM, Bohnsack JA, Gell F, Hawkins JP, Goodridge R. 2001. Effects of
marine reserves on adjacent fisheries. Science 294: 1920. (also see
responses to this article published in the Feb 15th issue of Science, vol
295, page 1733.)

Roberts et al found fishery-wide increases in catch per unit effort three to
five years after reserve implementation (CPUE dropped in the first two years
as fishing effort was concentrated into a smaller area).

Outside of the coral reef realm, there is strong evidence that the temporary
closure of the groundfish fishery on Georges Bank (NW Atlantic) greatly
increased spawning biomass of sea scallops. Go to www.seascallop.com and
click on "Closed Area Fishery".

Given that there are probably a couple of thousand MPAs in existence at this
point, there is precious little evidence to suggest that they can provide
the level of fisheries benefits claimed by many scientists. However, the
fact that most MPAs have failed to meet their management objectives is most
likely due to problems in their management (lack of institutional or
community capacity, poor enforcement, insufficient funding, lack of
technical expertise, etc.), as opposed to MPAs "not working" in a purely
ecological sense. Furthermore, even if they were managed effectively, many
MPAs are probably too new to show significant fisheries benefits.

You might want to read the following:

Alder J. 1996. Have tropical marine protected areas worked? An initial
analysis of their success. Coastal Management 24: 97-114.

McClanahan TR. 1999. Is there a future for coral reef parks in poor tropical
countries? Coral Reefs 18: 321-325.

In summary, there is very little direct evidence that "fisheries stocks are
enhanced by MPAs". This is for a number of reasons, including the following:

1. Studies directly testing the effects of MPAs on fisheries yields
have rarely been conducted or are not yet published.

2. Most MPAs are not sufficiently well-managed (i.e. they are "paper parks"
lacking enforcement, funding etc.) or are not old enough to meet their
fisheries objectives.

Cheers and good luck with politicians etc.,

Dr. Mark Tupper, Assistant Professor
University of Guam Marine Laboratory
UOG Station, Mangilao
Guam 96923, USA
Tel. 671-735-2185; Fax 671-734-6767

Coordinator, Marine Protected Areas Research Group
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/mpa/index.html


Subject: MPAs -- Wrong null hypothesis?
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 21:19:41 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I have long been puzzled by the resistance to MPAs found among some
scientists. It seems to me to be intuitively clear that if you fish heavily,
stocks will decline, and if you stop fishing, and have not irreversibly
altered the habitat, stocks should increase. I have certainly seen no
reasonable evidence that this is not the case. I suggest that we have been
using the wrong null hypothesis. We have been treating the reserve as if it
were a "treatment", when in fact, it is the lack of, or removal of, a
treatment (fishing pressure).

The null hypothesis should be that a reduction in fishing pressure should
lead over time to a return toward (if not to) natural abundances of fish.
The alternative hypothesis, and the one that should carry the burden of
proof, is that reducing fishing pressure does NOT result in a return toward
natural levels of abundance. Where the alternative turns out to be true, one
should investigate why it was true. Was it because the habitat had not yet
returned to reasonable normalcy? Is the result likely to be because the
study period was too short? Or, is it truly because reducing fishing
pressure does not generally result in increases in fish abundance.

The labeling is mostly important because most scientists are deeply
concerned about reducing Type I error (the chance that you say something is
true that is not), and pay little heed to Type II error (the chance that you
say something is not true when it is). The error should relate to the
alternate hypothesis, and the null hypothesis should be accepted in the
absence of sufficient evidence that the alternative is true. Thus, the null
hypothesis is that which arises most naturally from simple common sense, and
the alternative is the challenge to that logic. If we construct tests of
high power, lots of sample units, long time frames, etc., then we minimize
Type II error, and the designation of hypotheses is not as important.
However, the fact is that exceedingly few studies of MPAs have been
conducted in such a way as to minimize Type II error. And, because of our
arrangement of hypotheses, we have encouraged stakeholders and managers to
wait around while we challenge a null hypothesis that heavy fishing is
generally completely irreversible and thus reserves are useless.

I also propose that we keep separate the question of the increase of fish
catch balancing out the loss of fishing grounds. Obviously, this depends
greatly on how much fishing ground is being lost, how much the fish
populations had been reduced around the reserve, as well as factors such as
the mobility of fish in and out of the reserve. This is thus a question of
design -- how big, what shape, etc., and not one of "are MPAs effective or
not". I know of many tens of small reserves, on the order of 1/4th to 2 sq.
km, that have been put in by coastal communities in heavily fished areas,
and have not heard of any that resulted in people complaining that the
reserve did not increase in fish abundance. Rather, there are many cases of
fishers fishing preferentially around the edges of these reserves,
indicating that abundances are indeed higher in the reserves. So, "do the
reserves gain more fish compared to heavily fished areas nearby of similar
habitat type?" -- in all the cases I know of, published or unpublished, the
answer is yes. "Did the reserve's output make up for the loss in fishing
ground?" -- that would depend entirely on local circumstances. And,
evaluating "making up for" should generally include weighing nonfishery
benefits into the equation.

I suggest that we stop worrying about "are reserves effective?" until strong
evidence shows that most of them (with real fishing exclusions) are not.
Instead, we should focus on how big, what shape, where, etc.

Cheers!

 John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Fw: MPAs -- Wrong null hypothesis?
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 14:49:11 +1000
From: "Mark Tupper" <mtupper@guam.uog.edu>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

John McManus wrote:

> I suggest that we stop worrying about "are reserves effective?" until
> strong evidence shows that most of them (with real fishing exclusions) are
not.
> Instead, we should focus on how big, what shape, where, etc.

I understand and agree with the thrust of John's message. I think there is
ample evidence to show that reserves CAN be effective, given sufficient
management and funding capacity and adequate design (e.g. reserves large
enough to encompass target species home range, etc.). I have no doubt that
significant reductions in fishing pressure will help fish populations to
rebound. However, asking whether reserves ARE effective is a different
question altogether. So far, broad scale assessments of MPAs have indicated
that most of them do not meet their management objectives. This is in many
(most?)
cases not a question of biology or ecology but one of politics and
economics. It's fine to say that a reserve needs to be this big or that
shape to enhance fisheries, but getting all stakeholders to agree on MPA
specifics is often impossible, and hammering MPA plans past objecting
resource users will always lead to poor compliance.

 Before I ramble any further, I'll try to sum this up succinctly. Most MPAs
are basically "paper parks" that do not meet their resource management
goals. This fact has little to do with the ecological effects of protective
management on fish production, but is based mainly on institutional and
community capacity to properly manage MPAs. Thus, the proper question is not
"are MPAs effective", but "can MPAs be effectively managed for a given
community or fishery". I would submit that the answer to that question is
likely to be location and/or fishery-dependent.

 Cheers,

 Mark Tupper

 Dr. Mark Tupper, Assistant Professor
University of Guam Marine Laboratory
UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA
Tel. 671-735-2185; Fax 671-734-6767

 Coordinator, Marine Protected Areas Research Group
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/mpa/index.html

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Many Thanks to All / MPA & Numbers
Date: Fri, 08 Mar 2002 19:57:10 +0800
From: pacaqts <pacaqts@tm.net.my>
Organization: Pacific Aqua-Tech Systems Sdn. Bhd.
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Lers,

Many thanks to the quick replies and references. Fyi. We are finalizing a
MPA here in Sabah - NE of Sandakan. But the Sabah State Gov wants the
'numbers.'  Yes, typically they are the 'politicians' - based from a
'rice-bowl' syndrome that is difficult to convince on just 'institutional /
academic 'heresay [their words].'' And typically business & science often
does not mix well.

Cheers to all,
Don Baker
LBT-MPA
Sandakan, Sabah
Malaysia



Subject: RV: article, "Study makes case for marine reserves" 11-30-01
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 08:02:08 -0500
From: "Marion Howard" <marionh@coralina.org>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

For Don Baker,

Here is a useful Caribbean study.

Regards,
Marion Howard

>
>Subject: article, "Study makes case for marine reserves" 11-30-01
>
>
>
>> http://www.msnbc.com/news/665222.asp#BODY
>>
>> Study makes case for marine reserves
>> Fishermen benefit by giving young fish a place to grow
>>
>>
>> ASSOCIATED PRESS
>>
>> Nov. 30 - Fishermen haul in more and bigger catches when there is a
marine
>> reserve nearby that provides a safe haven for young fish, a new study
>> suggests. In a study appearing in the journal Science, researchers report
>> that the catch of fishermen in the Caribbean island of St. Lucia
increased
>> by 46 to 90 percent within five years after officials closed more than a
>> third of the fishing grounds to fishing.
>>   A FLORIDA refuge, created to provide security for the nation's major
>> space launch facility, has led to the development of fishing grounds
which
>> have produced a series of world records for trophy-sized fish, the study
>> found.
>>        "Having a protected area near fishing grounds allows the fish to
>> increase in both size and quantity," said James Bohnsack, a researcher
for
>> the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and a co-author of
the
>> study.
>>
>> REAL-WORLD CASE
>>        Bohnsack said that the government created an estuarine sanctuary,
>> called the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, in 1962 to provide
>> security for the nearby Kennedy Space Center, the launch port for the
>> nation's manned space program.
>>  Advertisement
>>         Within a decade, he said, sport fishermen started noticing they
>were
>> catching more and bigger black drum, red drum and sea trout. Bohnsack
said
>> that more world record-sized fish of the three species have now been
>caught
>> within 62 miles of the reserve than in all the other Florida waters
>> combined.
>>        He said that having a reserve nearby allowed the black drum, which
>> can live for more than 70 years, to grow to their full size of more than
>100
>> pounds. When there was no such protected area, the fish were more apt to
>be
>> caught at a younger age, said Bohnsack.
>>        Bigger fish also means more fish, he said. Large fish tend to lay
>> more eggs than smaller ones. This increases the numbers in the next
>> generation.
>>
>> CARIBBEAN EXAMPLE
>>        In St. Lucia, the study says that local subsistence fishermen
>> resisted plans to close 35 percent of the coral reef fishing grounds, but
>> the government did so anyway.
>>        For two years, the total catch was severely reduced, the study
>found.
>> But within five years, the catch had soared. Now fishermen are proposing
>> that the fishing reserve be expanded.
>>        "Marine reserves are like money in the bank for fishers," a
>co-author
>> of the study, Fiona Gell of the University of York, said in a statement.
>> "They protect breeding stocks and supply adjacent fisheries with young
>> fish."
>>        She said the study shows that fish increase in number and size
when
>> they have a refuge nearby where no fishing is allowed.
>>        "If you want to keep a population going, you have to provide safe
>> havens where fish and their habitats can flourish," said Gell.
>>
>>  Background on the study is online at
>www.seaweb.org/ScienceNovember30.html.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: RE: RV: article, "Study makes case for marine reserves"
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 16:39:23 GMT
From: "Marion Howard" <marionh@coralina.org>
To: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
CC: <campam@yahoogroups.com>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

11-30-01
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 11:37:12 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Jim Hendee and Don Baker,

Sorry - I didn't check the web sites again before I posted this.
Apparently
the first one listed is dead but the second one, Sea Web, is active. It
has
a link to Science and other potentially useful references.

Also see the article from MPA News copied below:

*** Citing Benefits of No-Take Areas, Scientists Call for New Networks
of
Marine Reserves ***
There is now compelling scientific evidence that no-take areas -- or
marine reserves -- conserve both biodiversity and fisheries, and could
help replenish depleted fish stocks, according to a consensus statement
signed by 160 marine-science academics from around the world.  Released
February 17 at the annual meeting of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science (AAAS), the statement is the culmination of a
three-year, international effort to advance scientific understanding of
marine reserves.
"All around the world there are different experiences, but the basic
message is the same: marine reserves work, and they work fast," said
Jane
Lubchenco (Oregon State University, USA), a past president of AAAS and a
leader of the three-year effort.  "It is no longer a question of whether
to set aside fully protected areas in the ocean, but where to establish
them."
The consensus statement recommends that marine resource managers use
reserves as a "central management tool" for achieving long-term fishery
and conservation benefits.  It concludes that networks of reserves,
rather
than isolated single reserves, will be necessary to buffer against
environmental variability and catastrophes.
* Increases in population density, biomass *
The academic effort to develop a better scientific understanding of
marine
reserves grew out of the 1997 AAAS meeting, where scientists reviewed
the
state of the oceans and identified research priorities.  Following that
meeting, several researchers formed a team, based at the National Center
for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (University of California, Santa
Barbara), to examine the effects of reserves on fish populations.
The team's study of more than 100 reserves from around the world
indicated
that after one to two years of protection, these reserves averaged a 91%
increase in population density, 192% increase in biomass, and 23%
increase
in species diversity as compared to reference sites.  The consensus
statement also noted that in the few studies that have examined the
effects of reserves on fish populations in adjacent waters, the size and
abundance of exploited species has increased.
"The results are startling and consistent," said Robert Warner of the
University of California, Santa Barbara, a leader of the academic
effort.
The consensus statement follows the release last November of another
document from scientists in support of marine reserves.  A committee of
the US National Research Council (NRC) released a 150-page report urging
marine resource managers to increase their use of marine reserves as a
supplement to conventional management tools (MPA News 2:5).  The report,
Marine Protected Areas: Tools for Sustaining Ocean Ecosystems, assessed
the scientific basis of techniques for locating, designing, and
implementing reserves.
Megan Dethier (University of Washington, US), who assisted with the
first
draft of the consensus statement, said the statement's brevity -- three
pages -- reflected its intended purpose.  "We wanted to make a
[statement]
that was short and direct enough to be readily usable by the press,
NGOs,
etc., to help 'spread the word', rather than a complex scientific
document
that would not be 'picked up' in the way that this one clearly has
been,"
said Dethier.
For more information:
Jane Lubchenco, Department of Zoology, Oregon State University,
Corvallis,
OR 97331, USA. Tel: +1 541 737 5337; E-mail: lubchenj@bcc.orst.edu.
Robert Warner, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology,
University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. Tel: +1 805 893
2941; E-mail: warner@lifesci.ucsb.edu.
_______________
* BOX: Consensus statement is online *
An electronic version of the consensus statement on marine reserves is
available online at the following websites:
http://www.compassonline.org/frame.html
or
http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/Consensus
_______________
* BOX: Conclusions of the Consensus Statement *
-  Reserves conserve both fisheries and biodiversity.
-  To meet goals for fisheries and biodiversity conservation, reserves
must encompass the diversity of marine habitats.
-  Reserves are the best way to protect resident species and provide
heritage protection to important habitats.
-  Reserves must be established and operated in the context of other
management tools.
-  Reserves need a dedicated program to monitor and evaluate their
impacts
both within and outside their boundaries.
-  Reserves provide a critical benchmark for the evaluation of threats
to
ocean communities.
-  Networks of reserves will be necessary for long-term fishery and
conservation benefits.
-  Existing scientific information justifies the immediate application
of
fully protected marine reserves as a central management tool.
>From "Scientific Consensus Statement on Marine Reserves and Marine
Protected Areas," released February 17 at the 2001 meeting of the
American
Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), San Francisco,
California, USA.
_______________
_______________

For anyone who works with or is interested in MPAs and doesn't receive
this
excellent newsletter, please see subscription information below:

"For a free subscription, send an e-mail message to
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Marion

-----Original Message-----
De: Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Para: Marion Howard <marionh@coralina.org>
Fecha: Viernes 8 de Marzo de 2002 08:50 AM
Asunto: Re: RV: article, "Study makes case for marine reserves" 11-30-01

>Unfortunately, that link seems to be a dead one, at least for me...
>
>Marion Howard wrote:
>
>> For Don Baker,
>>
>> Here is a useful Caribbean study.
>>
>> Regards,
>> Marion Howard
>>
>> >
>> >Subject: article, "Study makes case for marine reserves" 11-30-01
>> >
>> >
>> >
>> >> http://www.msnbc.com/news/665222.asp#BODY
>> >>
>> >> Study makes case for marine reserves
>> >> Fishermen benefit by giving young fish a place to grow
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> ASSOCIATED PRESS
>> >>
>> >> Nov. 30 - Fishermen haul in more and bigger catches when there is a
>> marine
>> >> reserve nearby that provides a safe haven for young fish, a new study
>> >> suggests. In a study appearing in the journal Science, researchers
report
>> >> that the catch of fishermen in the Caribbean island of St. Lucia
>> increased
>> >> by 46 to 90 percent within five years after officials closed more than
a
>> >> third of the fishing grounds to fishing.
>> >>   A FLORIDA refuge, created to provide security for the nation's major
>> >> space launch facility, has led to the development of fishing grounds
>> which
>> >> have produced a series of world records for trophy-sized fish, the
study
>> >> found.
>> >>        "Having a protected area near fishing grounds allows the fish
to
>> >> increase in both size and quantity," said James Bohnsack, a researcher
>> for
>> >> the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and a co-author of
>> the
>> >> study.
>> >>
>> >> REAL-WORLD CASE
>> >>        Bohnsack said that the government created an estuarine
sanctuary,
>> >> called the Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, in 1962 to provide
>> >> security for the nearby Kennedy Space Center, the launch port for the
>> >> nation's manned space program.
>> >>  Advertisement
>> >>         Within a decade, he said, sport fishermen started noticing
they
>> >were
>> >> catching more and bigger black drum, red drum and sea trout. Bohnsack
>> said
>> >> that more world record-sized fish of the three species have now been
>> >caught
>> >> within 62 miles of the reserve than in all the other Florida waters
>> >> combined.
>> >>        He said that having a reserve nearby allowed the black drum,
which
>> >> can live for more than 70 years, to grow to their full size of more
than
>> >100
>> >> pounds. When there was no such protected area, the fish were more apt
to
>> >be
>> >> caught at a younger age, said Bohnsack.
>> >>        Bigger fish also means more fish, he said. Large fish tend to
lay
>> >> more eggs than smaller ones. This increases the numbers in the next
>> >> generation.
>> >>
>> >> CARIBBEAN EXAMPLE
>> >>        In St. Lucia, the study says that local subsistence fishermen
>> >> resisted plans to close 35 percent of the coral reef fishing grounds,
but
>> >> the government did so anyway.
>> >>        For two years, the total catch was severely reduced, the study
>> >found.
>> >> But within five years, the catch had soared. Now fishermen are
proposing
>> >> that the fishing reserve be expanded.
>> >>        "Marine reserves are like money in the bank for fishers," a
>> >co-author
>> >> of the study, Fiona Gell of the University of York, said in a
statement.
>> >> "They protect breeding stocks and supply adjacent fisheries with young
>> >> fish."
>> >>        She said the study shows that fish increase in number and size
>> when
>> >> they have a refuge nearby where no fishing is allowed.
>> >>        "If you want to keep a population going, you have to provide
safe
>> >> havens where fish and their habitats can flourish," said Gell.
>> >>
>> >>  Background on the study is online at
>> >www.seaweb.org/ScienceNovember30.html.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>
>> >
>> >
>> ~~~~~~~
>> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
>> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Devastation of fauna.High SST/solar radiation???
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 20:54:06 +0400
From: "Ruby Moothien Pillay" <kamlaruby@intnet.mu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral listers

Something strange happened to one of our study sites recently on the eastern
coast of the island. In fact we noticed at one of our shallowest monitoring
station (approx.1metre) that most of the tabular corals had bleached
completely and died and also most adult eels,holothurians, octopus,
 juvenile fish and crustaceans and so on had died and were either floating
to the surface or lying on the sea bed. The striking thing was the absence
of alive/dead large sized fishes. However, only Stegastes spp. were alive
among the branching corals.
Can a sudden rise in SST or solar radiation or both cause such
devastation of the  fauna?does this explain the absence of large fish which
might had had time to swim away???But why were Stegastes spp. so
resistant?We have excluded things like illegal fishing (poisons etc ) as
this is most improbable as we noticed that most foliose Montiporas within
that site and corals (even tabular ) at a nearby relatively deeper site
(1.5-2 metres) were not affected.
Thank you for your comments
 Sincerely,
Ruby




Ruby Moothien Pillay
Project Officer
Mauritius Oceanography Institute
4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433

Subject: The 3 Screen Doors
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 02 11:57:14 -0500
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "Mark Tupper" <mtupper@guam.uog.edu>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

I was right in the middle of writing a letter to the Editor of MPA News
responding to their recent discussion on the "definition" of an MPA when
Mark's insightful comment appeared (below)

Mark Tupper wrote today:
>Before I ramble any further, I'll try to sum this up succinctly. Most MPAs
>are basically "paper parks" that do not meet their resource management
>goals. This fact has little to do with the ecological effects of protective
>management on fish production, but is based mainly on institutional and
>community capacity to properly manage MPAs. Thus, the proper question is
not
>"are MPAs effective", but "can MPAs be effectively managed for a given
>community or fishery". I would submit that the answer to that question is
>likely to be location and/or fishery-dependent.

I'll also be brief:

As the first NOAA manager of the Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary
(back in the late 1970's) and subsequent manager of two other US National
Marine Sanctuaries (MONITOR and Channel Islands) and a University of Guam
Marine Lab alumnus (Hafa Day Mark) - I have often asked myself "can MPA's
be effectively managed".

Unless we have control over pollutants coming in from the land, air and
via external currents, we are trying to manage the proverbial "submarine
with 3 screen doors".

We might have success on the land side, but the air and current sides are
usually international, as well as large-scale national problems, and not
easily mitigated.

Being now in the private sector, I would take a more "business plan
approach" towards establishing a new MPA - or in pouring more money into
an existing one that has a poor track record of success (i.e., I'd take a
very hard look at the feasibility of succeeding over the long run
considering the 3 screen doors).

PS.  The gist of my MPA News "letter to the editor" is:

 "If MPA's aren't really "protected" (from the 3 screen doors) then we
shouldn't be calling them "marine protected areas" or "fully-protected
areas" or any other form of "protected" area.

If the term  "MPA" or any of it's derivations is continued to be used, it
should be something that is earned or certified. In this day and age with
all the built-in stresses imposed on coral reefs, an area is not
"magically or instantaneously  protected" via an MPA designation process
- protection must be fought for - and it may never be attained.

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: RE: coral-list-digest V7 #61 Questions Based on Don Baker Ques
     tion, Discussion on MPA Benefits, & John McManus Response
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 12:24:56 -0500
From: Jack Sobel <jsobel@oceanconservancy.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Can anyone provide any similarly conclusive, empirical evidence, using
similar standards, that any other fishery management tool, other than
reserves, has been directly responsible for improving long-term fishery
yields in a tropical reef system? How about sustaining those fisheries?
Sustaining the coral reef ecosystem?  Preventing collapse, extirpation, and
extinction of the more vulnerable fish populations?  Preventing reef
degradation?  Maintaining natural diversity and intact systems?  Could they
be doing this without being implemented or implemented very incrementally or
in very small areas?  I'm not questioning whether some of these other tools
do some of these things, just whether they can be demonstrated to do them
with the same standard and rigor of proof that is being asked by some for
reserves.

I agree with much of the prior discussion on this topic, appreciate Don
Baker's frustration in selling the MPA/Marine Reserve concept to skeptics,
some of whom may have a strong short term political of financial stake in
resisting them.  There is certainly abundant published empirical evidence
and a strong theoretical basis for the positive effects of "no-take" within
reserves, including, but not limited to rebuilding fish populations and
restoring natural communities/systems. There is an equally strong
theoretical basis for the impact such rebuilding should have externally,
including both common-sense and more sophisticated (?) modelling and
numerical approaches, and increasing though more limited information on
positive impacts adjacent to or outside of reserves, including fishery
benefits. The issue of conclusively demonstrating that Marine Reserves will
improve fish catches overall to everyone's satisfaction is a difficult one
complicated by many factors, not the least of them being "control" issues
(both spatial & temporal), replicibility, natural environmental/recruitment
variability, interaction with the complicating effects of other management
measures, changes in fishing patterns or effort external to the reserves,
and a double standard or bias against reserves held by many.  Given this and
considering how few and how small existing reserves genarally are compared
to the size of fished areas, its amazing that science has made as much
progress as it has in demonstrating external changes and fishing benefits.
As the evidence for reserve benefits continues to mount, people's comfort
levels continue to grow, and especially as reserve size, number, and design
improves, the evidence for external fisheries benefits will also continue to
grow.  There is much more to reserve benefits than just fishery benefits and
they may not be the most important.

********************************************************
Jack A. Sobel, Director
Ecosystem Programs
The Ocean Conservancy
1725 DeSales St. NW, Suite #600
Washington, DC  20816
Phone:  (202) 429-5609 or (202) 857-3270
Fax:      (202) 872-0619
Email:  jsobel@oceanconservancy.org
Web:    <http://www.oceanconservancy.org>
********************************************************

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list-digest@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list-digest@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]
Sent: March 08, 2002 12:01 AM
To: coral-list-digest@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral-list-digest V7 #61

  ----- Original Message -----=20
  From: pacaqts=20
  To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov=20
  Sent: Thursday, March 07, 2002 7:43 AM
  Subject: MPA Benefits - In Numbers

  Dear Coral - List Members,

  Though MPAs have a great many benefits with regards to observations , =
statements in a stack of MPA pubs, etc.  - where may I quickly find =
direct research and studies references that "do the numbers?"  The =
politicians and Gov. economic advisers simply say to us  'Yeah, well =
good & fine - talk is talk - but show us the figures - where you can =
prove to us that fisheries stocks are indeed enhanced by MPAs?" =20

  I need case examples with those numbers and not just words, =
observations, and perhaps institutional / academic 'whitewashing'.   An =
example of numbers would be a historical record of past catch landings =
vs those after the MPA establishment - with direct, verifiable =
correlation to the MPA of course. Anyone comment on Apo?

  Any assistance would be well appreciated here.

  Many thanks,
  Don Baker
  Lankayan-Billean-Tegaipil MPA
  Sabah, Malaysia

-
------------------------------

Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 21:19:41 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: MPAs -- Wrong null hypothesis?

I have long been puzzled by the resistance to MPAs found among some
scientists. It seems to me to be intuitively clear that if you fish heavily,
stocks will decline, and if you stop fishing, and have not irreversibly
altered the habitat, stocks should increase. I have certainly seen no
reasonable evidence that this is not the case. I suggest that we have been
using the wrong null hypothesis. We have been treating the reserve as if it
were a "treatment", when in fact, it is the lack of, or removal of, a
treatment (fishing pressure).

The null hypothesis should be that a reduction in fishing pressure should
lead over time to a return toward (if not to) natural abundances of fish.
The alternative hypothesis, and the one that should carry the burden of
proof, is that reducing fishing pressure does NOT result in a return toward
natural levels of abundance. Where the alternative turns out to be true, one
should investigate why it was true. Was it because the habitat had not yet
returned to reasonable normalcy? Is the result likely to be because the
study period was too short? Or, is it truly because reducing fishing
pressure does not generally result in increases in fish abundance.

The labeling is mostly important because most scientists are deeply
concerned about reducing Type I error (the chance that you say something is
true that is not), and pay little heed to Type II error (the chance that you
say something is not true when it is). The error should relate to the
alternate hypothesis, and the null hypothesis should be accepted in the
absence of sufficient evidence that the alternative is true. Thus, the null
hypothesis is that which arises most naturally from simple common sense, and
the alternative is the challenge to that logic. If we construct tests of
high power, lots of sample units, long time frames, etc., then we minimize
Type II error, and the designation of hypotheses is not as important.
However, the fact is that exceedingly few studies of MPAs have been
conducted in such a way as to minimize Type II error. And, because of our
arrangement of hypotheses, we have encouraged stakeholders and managers to
wait around while we challenge a null hypothesis that heavy fishing is
generally completely irreversible and thus reserves are useless.

I also propose that we keep separate the question of the increase of fish
catch balancing out the loss of fishing grounds. Obviously, this depends
greatly on how much fishing ground is being lost, how much the fish
populations had been reduced around the reserve, as well as factors such as
the mobility of fish in and out of the reserve. This is thus a question of
design -- how big, what shape, etc., and not one of "are MPAs effective or
not". I know of many tens of small reserves, on the order of 1/4th to 2 sq.
km, that have been put in by coastal communities in heavily fished areas,
and have not heard of any that resulted in people complaining that the
reserve did not increase in fish abundance. Rather, there are many cases of
fishers fishing preferentially around the edges of these reserves,
indicating that abundances are indeed higher in the reserves. So, "do the
reserves gain more fish compared to heavily fished areas nearby of similar
habitat type?" -- in all the cases I know of, published or unpublished, the
answer is yes. "Did the reserve's output make up for the loss in fishing
ground?" -- that would depend entirely on local circumstances. And,
evaluating "making up for" should generally include weighing nonfishery
benefits into the equation.

I suggest that we stop worrying about "are reserves effective?" until strong
evidence shows that most of them (with real fishing exclusions) are not.
Instead, we should focus on how big, what shape, where, etc.

Cheers!

 John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org

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------------------------------

Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 14:49:11 +1000
From: "Mark Tupper" <mtupper@guam.uog.edu>
Subject: Fw: MPAs -- Wrong null hypothesis?

John McManus wrote:

> I suggest that we stop worrying about "are reserves effective?" until
> strong evidence shows that most of them (with real fishing exclusions) are
not.
> Instead, we should focus on how big, what shape, where, etc.

I understand and agree with the thrust of John's message. I think there is
ample evidence to show that reserves CAN be effective, given sufficient
management and funding capacity and adequate design (e.g. reserves large
enough to encompass target species home range, etc.). I have no doubt that
significant reductions in fishing pressure will help fish populations to
rebound. However, asking whether reserves ARE effective is a different
question altogether. So far, broad scale assessments of MPAs have indicated
that most of them do not meet their management objectives. This is in many
(most?)
cases not a question of biology or ecology but one of politics and
economics. It's fine to say that a reserve needs to be this big or that
shape to enhance fisheries, but getting all stakeholders to agree on MPA
specifics is often impossible, and hammering MPA plans past objecting
resource users will always lead to poor compliance.

 Before I ramble any further, I'll try to sum this up succinctly. Most MPAs
are basically "paper parks" that do not meet their resource management
goals. This fact has little to do with the ecological effects of protective
management on fish production, but is based mainly on institutional and
community capacity to properly manage MPAs. Thus, the proper question is not
"are MPAs effective", but "can MPAs be effectively managed for a given
community or fishery". I would submit that the answer to that question is
likely to be location and/or fishery-dependent.

 Cheers,

 Mark Tupper

 Dr. Mark Tupper, Assistant Professor
University of Guam Marine Laboratory
UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA
Tel. 671-735-2185; Fax 671-734-6767

 Coordinator, Marine Protected Areas Research Group
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/mpa/index.html

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------------------------------

End of coral-list-digest V7 #61
*******************************

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Subject: Coral starving and survival
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 13:16:07 -0500
From: alcolado@ama.cu
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
CC: debimack@auracom.com

Dear coral-lister,
I decided to add a little more firewood to discussion on Debbie
McKenzie's interesting coral starving-survival hypohesis.
During an AGRRA assessment along the south and east of  the
Gulf of Batabano (SW Cuba; march 2001) the Cuban-International
team observed a  gradient of improving condition in Acropora
palmata (from a situation where practically all colonies were dead
along the south) in the extent we approximate to the huge Zapata
swamp (which is supposed to enhance plankton productivity and
where water becomes greenish and more turbid). The two Acropora
 palmata  crests closest to Zapata swamp looked practically
healthy.
Another Cuban-International AGRRA assessment in the
Archipelago Jardines de la Reina (SE Cuba) showed that Acropora
palmata in the windward crests of Cayo Caballones, exposed to
the oligotrophic ocean were virtually dead, while a small Acropora
palmata crest located leeward of the same key and exposed to the
 most biological productive shelf of Cuba (varying from mesotrophic
to eutrophic along a cross gradient towards mainland) was alive
and really beautiful (mixed with dense thickets of live Acropora
prolifera).
Probably well fed Acropora palmata crests survived the massive
mortality event(s) (cause unknown: coral bleaching, white band,
patchy necrosis?) that killed the crests exposed to less nutrified
and less productive oceanic waters.
If so, McKenzies hypothesis, far from be discarded prematurely,
has to be tested because it could explain differences in the fate of
some coral reefs at small scale, and also explain some
mismatches at larger scale when correlating coral bleaching with
sea surface temperature.
I fully agree that higher sea surface temperatures are the primary
cause of coral bleaching, but the fate of corals ususally is
conditioned by other complementary factors (cloudiness, sea
surface roughness, water transparency, etc.), very probably
included the degree of coral starvation.
Cheers,
Pedro M. Alcolado
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Subject: Capt. Bobby Millender
Date: Fri, 08 Mar 2002 13:40:52 -0500
From: "John C. Ogden" <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: Deborah Haynes <dhaynes@seas.marine.usf.edu>

Dear Colleagues,

Capt. Bobby Millender retired on February 28, 2002 after almost 25 years at
the helm of the R/V BELLOWS.  We estimate that in this time period over
2500 students and faculty have voyaged on the BELLOWS and experienced
Bobby's unique style of seagoing education and hospitality.  Of course, we
intend to mark his retirement with an appropriate celebration.  You will
hear about this in due course.

In the meantime, we would like to assemble for him a three ring, loose leaf
binder of letters, testimonials, photographs, cartoons, amusing anecdotes--
in short anything that any "alum" of the R/V BELLOWS would care to send to
us that will be memories for Bobby of you and of his long years of service
to Florida's marine sciences community.

Deborah Haynes <dhaynes@marine.usf.edu> in the FIO office will be your
contact point.  As a guideline consider preparing one, 8.5 x 11 three-ring
binder page appropriately mounted, sheathed, punched, etc.

Thanks for helping us to celebrate the distinguished career of a great RV
Captain and Floridian.

Best wishes,
John Ogden, Director
Florida Institute of Oceanography
830 First Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
727-553-1100

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Subject: RE: Coral starving and survival
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 13:20:45 -0600
From: "James Wiseman" <James.Wiseman@intecengineering.com>
To: <alcolado@ama.cu>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

An interesting post.

There certainly can be many factors which differentiate these two "coral
sets."  I think it would be premature to settle on the conclusion that
the
corals that were living in the "greenish and more turbid" survived
because
they were well fed.

Couldn't we just as easily conclude that these corals survived BECAUSE
they
were living in more turbid water.  The turbid water corals were exposed
to
much lower light levels - a known factor in coral bleaching.

Sincerely
James Wiseman
Houston TX

-----Original Message-----
From: alcolado@ama.cu [mailto:alcolado@ama.cu]
Sent: Friday, March 08, 2002 12:16 PM
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: debimack@auracom.com
Subject: Coral starving and survival

Dear coral-lister,
I decided to add a little more firewood to discussion on Debbie
McKenzie's interesting coral starving-survival hypohesis.
During an AGRRA assessment along the south and east of  the
Gulf of Batabano (SW Cuba; march 2001) the Cuban-International
team observed a  gradient of improving condition in Acropora
palmata (from a situation where practically all colonies were dead
along the south) in the extent we approximate to the huge Zapata
swamp (which is supposed to enhance plankton productivity and
where water becomes greenish and more turbid). The two Acropora
 palmata  crests closest to Zapata swamp looked practically
healthy.
Another Cuban-International AGRRA assessment in the
Archipelago Jardines de la Reina (SE Cuba) showed that Acropora
palmata in the windward crests of Cayo Caballones, exposed to
the oligotrophic ocean were virtually dead, while a small Acropora
palmata crest located leeward of the same key and exposed to the
 most biological productive shelf of Cuba (varying from mesotrophic
to eutrophic along a cross gradient towards mainland) was alive
and really beautiful (mixed with dense thickets of live Acropora
prolifera).
Probably well fed Acropora palmata crests survived the massive
mortality event(s) (cause unknown: coral bleaching, white band,
patchy necrosis?) that killed the crests exposed to less nutrified
and less productive oceanic waters.
If so, McKenzie's hypothesis, far from be discarded prematurely,
has to be tested because it could explain differences in the fate of
some coral reefs at small scale, and also explain some
mismatches at larger scale when correlating coral bleaching with
sea surface temperature.
I fully agree that higher sea surface temperatures are the primary
cause of coral bleaching, but the fate of corals ususally is
conditioned by other complementary factors (cloudiness, sea
surface roughness, water transparency, etc.), very probably
included the degree of coral starvation.
Cheers,
Pedro M. Alcolado
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Sea urchin mortality at the Johnson Atoll
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 16:36:32 -0500
From: "Jamie D. Bechtel" <warrior@bu.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello all -

I would like to add to Haris's suggestions.

I suggest that the entire echinoid complex should be surveyed when surveying
Echinothrix and Diadema during either preliminary studies or during or after
a die-off.

Having just completed five years of monitoring the recovery of echinoid
populations in Discovery Bay, it has become apparent that that the entire
echinoid complex may be playing an integral role in the recovery process.
Following a die-off of Diadema, we might see a loss of conspecifics as well.
It was hard to verify this in Jamaica as the historic data focused on D.
antillarum and T. ventricosus.  However, as D. antillarum recruited back to
Jamaica's north coast other species became more numerous as well.  We have
done some experimental work that further implies a relationship between
species. (manuscripts submitted).

With regards to Johnson Atoll, any estimates on percent loss of the two
species?

Cheers,
Jamie Bechtel

Jamie D. Bechtel, Ph.D., J.D.
Boston University
Department of Biology
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215
(617) 353-6969
warrior@bu.edu

___________________________

Original Message

Lindsey Hays, the refuge manager at the Johnson Atoll, reports widespread
mortality of Echinothrix (and maybe Diadema as well) all around the Atoll.
It seems that most of the sea urchins got sick and died rapidly.   He is
making efforts to collect samples, so that  the pathogens and the hosts can
be identified.

This may turn out to be a localized phenomenon, but this is what we
initially thought about the Diadema mortality in the Caribbean as well.
Just in case it spreads, it would be very useful for people in other areas
in the Pacific (particularly Hawaii and the Marshall Islands) to be ready
for it.  Surveys to determine population density of Echinothrix and Diadema
done now in unaffected areas can provide data that will become extremely
valuable.

It would also be a good idea to know ahead of time what to do if the
mortality should  appear elsewhere.  It is all common sense, but when things
are happening in a hurry, it is good to have a list.  If you notice sick or
dying sea urchins anywhere in the central Pacific:

1.Note  the date of the observation, and also note the date that populations
were last seen to be healthy.

2.  Collect specimens.  Some should be kept in 95% ethanol, some in 5%
formaldehyde, some frozen and (if possible) some should be cooled down on
ice for fast shipment to a microbiologist.

3.  If there are still healthy-looking animals around, collect some of these
too, so that their bacterial fauna can be compared with that of the sick
ones.

4.  If you have the time and the inclination, mark areas where the mortality
is occurring and areas where it does not seam to have reached yet.  Then
monitor these areas by counting numbers of healthy, sick and dead animals.

5.  Keep looking, even after the time that it seems that all the Echinothrix
is dead.  You may notice new ones emerging after a while (it happened with
Diadema antillarum).

6.  Don't expect the tests to stay around for very long.  They break down to
unrecognizable ossicles in a matter of days (parrot fish may help).

I hope that none of this will be necessary, because whatever is killing the
sea urchins at the Johnson Atoll will remain there.  Lindsay Hayes did a
great job of contacting people as soon as he realized that something was
amiss.  I wanted to spread the world around more widely in case things get
worse.

Haris Lessios

****************************
H.A. Lessios
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Balboa, Panama

Telephone: +507/212-8708
Fax: +507/212-8790 or 212-8791
>From the US (domestic call): 202/786-2099 x 8708
Mail address:
>From the USA:
Unit 0948
APO AA 34002-0948
>From elsewhere:
Box 2072
Balboa, Panama

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

----- Original Message -----
From: Harilaos Lessios <LESSIOSH@naos.si.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Thursday, March 07, 2002 4:14 PM
Subject: Sea urchin mortality at the Johnson Atoll

> Lindsey Hays, the refuge manager at the Johnson Atoll, reports widespread
mortality of Echinothrix (and maybe Diadema as well) all around the Atoll.
It seems that most of the sea urchins got sick and died rapidly.   He is
making efforts to collect samples, so that  the pathogens and the hosts can
be identified.
>
> This may turn out to be a localized phenomenon, but this is what we
initially thought about the Diadema mortality in the Caribbean as well.
Just in case it spreads, it would be very useful for people in other areas
in the Pacific (particularly Hawaii and the Marshall Islands) to be ready
for it.  Surveys to determine population density of Echinothrix and Diadema
done now in unaffected areas can provide data that will become extremely
valuable.
>
> It would also be a good idea to know ahead of time what to do if the
mortality should  appear elsewhere.  It is all common sense, but when things
are happening in a hurry, it is good to have a list.  If you notice sick or
dying sea urchins anywhere in the central Pacific:
>
> 1.Note  the date of the observation, and also note the date that
populations were last seen to be healthy.
>
> 2.  Collect specimens.  Some should be kept in 95% ethanol, some in 5%
formaldehyde, some frozen and (if possible) some should be cooled down on
ice for fast shipment to a microbiologist.
>
> 3.  If there are still healthy-looking animals around, collect some of
these too, so that their bacterial fauna can be compared with that of the
sick ones.
>
> 4.  If you have the time and the inclination, mark areas where the
mortality is occurring and areas where it does not seam to have reached yet.
Then monitor these areas by counting numbers of healthy, sick and dead
animals.
>
> 5.  Keep looking, even after the time that it seems that all the
Echinothrix is dead.  You may notice new ones emerging after a while (it
happened with Diadema antillarum).
>
> 6.  Don't expect the tests to stay around for very long.  They break down
to  unrecognizable ossicles in a matter of days (parrot fish may help).
>
> I hope that none of this will be necessary, because whatever is killing
the sea urchins at the Johnson Atoll will remain there.  Lindsay Hayes did a
great job of contacting people as soon as he realized that something was
amiss.  I wanted to spread the world around more widely in case things get
worse.
>
> Haris Lessios
>
> ****************************
> H.A. Lessios
> Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
> Balboa, Panama
>
> Telephone: +507/212-8708
> Fax: +507/212-8790 or 212-8791
> >From the US (domestic call): 202/786-2099 x 8708
> Mail address:
> >From the USA:
> Unit 0948
> APO AA 34002-0948
> >From elsewhere:
> Box 2072
> Balboa, Panama
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>

~~~~~~~
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Subject:
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2002 02:48:41 GMT
From: <owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Fri, 8 Mar 2002 20:21:42 -0400
From: "Kai Wulf" <wulf@candw.lc>
To: <campam@yahoogroups.com>
Cc: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: [campam] Fw: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 2002 20:15:29 -0400
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The report by Fiona Gell, Callum Roberts and Renata Goodridge entitled
"The
fishery effects of the Soufriere Marine Management Area 1995/6 to
2000/1",
Environment Department, University of York, UK, should provide some
answers
(including numbers). Basically, the study shows the stocks of some
economically important fin-fish species tripled in the Marine Reserves
and
doubled in the adjacent fishing areas since inception of the Marine
Management Area. You might want to request a copy of the report from Dr.
Roberts at the following email address: cr10@york.ac.uk

Kind regards,

Kai Wulf
Manager
Soufriere Marine Management Area
P.O. Box 305, 3 Bay Street
Soufriere
St. Lucia, West Indies
Phone: (758) 459-5500
Fax: (758) 459-7799
Email: smma@candw.lc
Website: http://www.smma.org.lc

-----Original Message-----
From: lyndon robertson [mailto:lynrobert@hotmail.com]
Sent: Thursday, March 07, 2002 7:22 PM
To: campam@yahoogroups.com
Subject: Re: [campam] Fw: MPA Benefits - In Numbers

I came across a well documented case study from the Phillipines. I will
check and try to give the exact reference

>From: avk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com
>Reply-To: campam@yahoogroups.com
>To: <campam@yahoogroups.com>
>Subject: [campam] Fw: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
>Date: Thu, 7 Mar 2002 10:18:39 -0500
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: pacaqts
>To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
>Sent: Wednesday, March 06, 2002 4:43 PM
>Subject: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
>
>
>Dear Coral - List Members,
>
>Though MPAs have a great many benefits with regards to observations ,
>statements in a stack of MPA pubs, etc.  - where may I quickly find direct
>research and studies references that "do the numbers?"  The politicians and
>Gov. economic advisers simply say to us  'Yeah, well good & fine - talk is
>talk - but show us the figures - where you can prove to us that fisheries
>stocks are indeed enhanced by MPAs?"
>
>I need case examples with those numbers and not just words, observations,
>and perhaps institutional / academic 'whitewashing'.   An example of
>numbers would be a historical record of past catch landings vs those after
>the MPA establishment - with direct, verifiable correlation to the MPA of
>course. Anyone comment on Apo?
>
>Any assistance would be well appreciated here.
>
>Many thanks,
>Don Baker
>Lankayan-Billean-Tegaipil MPA
>Sabah, Malaysia

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Subject: Bio-active compounds?
Date: Sat, 9 Mar 2002 10:09:10 -0500
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@pop.earthlink.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Ruby, I will answer under your comments below.

RUBY: Something strange happened to one of our study sites recently on the
eastern coast of the island. In fact we noticed at one of our shallowest
monitoring station (approx.1metre) that most of the tabular corals had
bleached completely and died and also most adult eels,holothurians,
octopus,  juvenile fish and crustaceans and so on had died and were either
floating to the surface or lying on the sea bed.
JAMES: What were the temperatures? I have exposed corals (Gonipora,
Euphyllia spp.  and Acroporids) in the same tank to sub-lethal temperatures
(starting at 28 increasing to 32-33C) which resulted in death to the
Acroporid first via mass expulsion of the symbiotic alga, later the softer
thicker tissue species followed (1 week longer).    I became interested and
immediately set up tanks to expose the Acroporid (alone without other
species)to these temperatures.  They did expel their algae eventually
leading to bleaching then death. However, this took a few days longer.  I
understand these were closed systems which are completely different from
open natural marine aquatic systems.  The surface of my tanks and skimmer
were filled with phenols and other chemical compounds (secondary
metabolites?) that might be highly toxic to a neighboring coral or fish.
There is a paper titled chemical defenses mechanisms in corals (sort of
chemical warfare of corals in close proximity) published in the last coral
reef symposium?? (Eric Bornman have you seen this in aquaria? ) Also, the
potential for micro-organisms to switch to pathogenic forms in stressed
hosts has been discussed (Landsberg 1995.  Marine Ecology Prog. Series Vol
22:83-100).

Were there sponges next to the colonies? Also, sponges when stressed,
produce powerful toxins as a possible defense mechanism. The production of
noxious & odorous substances by sponges has been known in addition to the
ability of some sponge organisms to cause a severe contact dermatitis
(Yaffee & Stargardter, 1963). Toxic and antibiotic compounds from sponges
have been identified (Jakowskaet al 1960; halstead 1965; Nigrelli et al 1967
and Russel 1967). A crude toxic aqueous extract isolated from H. viridis has
been named "Halitoxin" (Baslow et al. 1969). Aqueous extracts of the sponge
Toxa-docia violacea from Hawaiian waters contained hypotensive and paralytic
agents as well (Baslow et al. 1967).   If interested e- mail me for a
complete reference list.
This may be one of the many possible explanations why the fish are dying in
the area of dying corals and sponges after thermal stress. These animals
might have been hiding in the crevices of the Acroporids and other corals
exposing them to harmful compounds? The corals are dying due to temperature
increase (considering the temperatures are above the norm during the warmest
month for an extended period (Goreau & Hayes 1994). Stegastes spp. has been
known to be more heat tolerant that some of the Acroporid table-tops
(personal observation).  Acroporids  seem to be the most sensitive to
temperature stress and chemical exposure (NaCN, copper, gasoline etc.) ,
these species are a good indicator of environmental stress.

To come to such conclusions as to why the fish died, there will be a need to
conduct several tests for the characterization of secondary metabolites.
The selection of novel producing organism's one must use a specific media,
controlled conditions and biochemical manipulations which are all techniques
that enhance the probability of generating novel secondary metabolites.
Isolation, liquid-solid Chromatography is a good way to start. Thanks for
posting this observation !

James

--

************************************
James M. Cervino
PhD. Program
Marine Science Program
University of South Carolina
e-mail:cnidaria@earthlink.net
*************************************

Subject: Re: Bio-active compounds?
Date: Sun, 10 Mar 2002 09:11:10 EST
From: EricHugo@aol.com
To: cnidaria@pop.earthlink.net, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi James:

Absolutely.  Secondary metabolites can cause subtle to acute responses in
closed systems, being produced from a large number of taxa - sponges and
soft
corals seeming to be among the most toxic to stony corals, but this is
anecdotal.  Also, Euphyllia and Goniopora seem to be among those somewhat
more sensitive to certain other corals - such as Sinularia and Sarcophyton.

I think, though, that this might be more artifact of a closed system.  It
was
reassuring to find you found metabolites in skimmate as I had wondered about
the efficacy of foam fractionation in removing them.

Still, and despite their sometime potent effects, I am not sure one can
compare the effects of metabolites in a closed system to the ocean unless,
perhaps, that area is very isolated, cut off by a low tide, a small area,
has
a very high density of very toxic animals, has a very low turnover time,
etc.
 The dilution of secondary metabolites by the  ocean makes it seem to me
unlikely that anything but sensitive species in very close proximity to the
toxin producer would be affected.  Also, it seems that for most competition
involving bioactive compounds that there are degrees of susceptibility in
the
majority of cases.

I didn't read the original post, and only saw your clip from it, but it
sounds off the cuff a lot like a poisoning - I agree with that.  I just
don't
think it likely that it is from a mass of secondary metabolites being
produced and released (many such bioactive compounds are stored and not
released, and those released may be only released under certain
times/condtions rather than constantly).  Perhaps if all the producers died
and those compounds stored in their tissues were released, it could
exacerbate the event, but the real question would be why did they die in the
first place?

Eric Hugo Borneman
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Division in Ecology and Evolution
258, SR II
University of Houston
Houston, TX 77204

EBorneman@uh.edu or EricHugo@aol.com


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Subject: Bio-active compounds?
Date: Sun, 10 Mar 2002 22:27:36 +0400
From: "Ruby Moothien Pillay" <kamlaruby@intnet.mu>
To: <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi James
Thanks very much for your response to my posting. In fact, this particular
site was affected last year by thermal bleaching and some of the tabular
corals suffered partial/total  mortality and were later colonised by turf
algae and boring sponges......so may be the sponges are partly responsible
for the fish mortality
I will very much appreciate if you could send me the complete reference list
for the sponges.
Thanks again for sharing your views
Cheers
Ruby

Ruby Moothien Pillay
Project Officer
Mauritius Oceanography Institute
4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433

Subject: AIMS Status Report 5
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 10:42:16 +1000
From: Hugh Sweatman <h.sweatman@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Colleagues,

Belated notification that AIMS Long Term Monitoring of the Great Barrier
Reef: Status Report 5 (published last December) is available on-line.

The report is available as a series of pdf files and there is an HTML
version of the regional summaries with links to summaries for the
individual survey reefs from the "Interactive Data Summaries"

To find it, go to the AIMS reef monitoring index page

www.aims.gov.au/reef-monitoring

and look under "Reports"

Effective presentation of monitoring results is a problem that is shared by
many programs. Our main vehicles: the Status Reports, Interactive Data
Summaries, Regional Survey reports and Issues pages, are continuously
evolving.  Any suggestions to assist that process would be gratefully
received!

Hugh Sweatman
Long Term Monitoring Program,
Australian Institute of Marine Science,
PMB3 Townsville MC, Qld 4810
Australia
ph: (07) 4753 4470 / +61 747 534470 [GMT +10]
faxes: (07) 4772 5852 / (07) 4753 4288
www.aims.gov.au/reef-monitoring

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Subject: Re: Coral starving and survival
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 13:17:26 +1000
From: "Dave Barnes" <d.barnes@aims.gov.au>
To: "James Wiseman" <James.Wiseman@intecengineering.com>, <alcolado@ama.cu>,
     <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

I suggest that you compare the depth to which skeleton is occupied by tissue
in the two groups of corals.  There is good evidence that this depth is
decreased in starving and in stressed corals.  There is also evidence that
this depth (tissue thickness) is reduced following bleaching.

Cheers - Dave Barnes.

Dr Dave Barnes
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB 3, Mail Centre
Townsville  Qld  4810

Work tel:  61-(0)7-4753 4236
Work fax: 61-(0)7-4772 5852
Home tel: 61-(0)7-4778 8147

----- Original Message -----
From: "James Wiseman" <James.Wiseman@intecengineering.com>
To: <alcolado@ama.cu>; <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Saturday, March 09, 2002 5:20 AM
Subject: RE: Coral starving and survival

> An interesting post.
>
> There certainly can be many factors which differentiate these two "coral
> sets."  I think it would be premature to settle on the conclusion that
> the
> corals that were living in the "greenish and more turbid" survived
> because
> they were well fed.
>
> Couldn't we just as easily conclude that these corals survived BECAUSE
> they
> were living in more turbid water.  The turbid water corals were exposed
> to
> much lower light levels - a known factor in coral bleaching.
>
> Sincerely
> James Wiseman
> Houston TX
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: alcolado@ama.cu [mailto:alcolado@ama.cu]
> Sent: Friday, March 08, 2002 12:16 PM
> To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
> Cc: debimack@auracom.com
> Subject: Coral starving and survival
>
>
>
> Dear coral-lister,
> I decided to add a little more firewood to discussion on Debbie
> McKenzie's interesting coral starving-survival hypohesis.
> During an AGRRA assessment along the south and east of  the
> Gulf of Batabano (SW Cuba; march 2001) the Cuban-International
> team observed a  gradient of improving condition in Acropora
> palmata (from a situation where practically all colonies were dead
> along the south) in the extent we approximate to the huge Zapata
> swamp (which is supposed to enhance plankton productivity and
> where water becomes greenish and more turbid). The two Acropora
>  palmata  crests closest to Zapata swamp looked practically
> healthy.
> Another Cuban-International AGRRA assessment in the
> Archipelago Jardines de la Reina (SE Cuba) showed that Acropora
> palmata in the windward crests of Cayo Caballones, exposed to
> the oligotrophic ocean were virtually dead, while a small Acropora
> palmata crest located leeward of the same key and exposed to the
>  most biological productive shelf of Cuba (varying from mesotrophic
> to eutrophic along a cross gradient towards mainland) was alive
> and really beautiful (mixed with dense thickets of live Acropora
> prolifera).
> Probably well fed Acropora palmata crests survived the massive
> mortality event(s) (cause unknown: coral bleaching, white band,
> patchy necrosis?) that killed the crests exposed to less nutrified
> and less productive oceanic waters.
> If so, McKenzie's hypothesis, far from be discarded prematurely,
> has to be tested because it could explain differences in the fate of
> some coral reefs at small scale, and also explain some
> mismatches at larger scale when correlating coral bleaching with
> sea surface temperature.
> I fully agree that higher sea surface temperatures are the primary
> cause of coral bleaching, but the fate of corals ususally is
> conditioned by other complementary factors (cloudiness, sea
> surface roughness, water transparency, etc.), very probably
> included the degree of coral starvation.
> Cheers,
> Pedro M. Alcolado
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: MPA benefits - in numbers
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 08:23:31 -0400
From: "Peter Murray" <pamurray@oecsnrmu.org>
To: <campam@yahoogroups.com>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>,
     <avk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com>

Dob Baker might wish to check out the following

Roberts, CM. 1997. Conectivity and management of Caribbean coral reefs.
Science 278:1454-1457

Roberts CM and JP Hawkins. 1997. How small can a marine reserve be and
still be effective? Coral Reefs(1997) 16:150

Roberts. 1997. Ecological advice for teh global fisheries crisis. TREE
12:35-38

Roberts CM and JP Hawkins. 2000. Fully-protected marine reserves: a guide.
WWF Endangered Species Campaign, and Environment Department University
of York. 131p.

Cheers

Peter A. Murray
Programme Officer
OECS NRMU
Saint Lucia

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: RE: Coral starving and survival
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 09:22:31 -0500
From: alcolado@ama.cu
To: "James Wiseman" <James.Wiseman@intecengineering.com>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

You are right, James, refering to the alternative possibility that
turbidity could be "protecting" corals in more inshore crests, and
indeed I was considering that possibility in discussions with other
colleagues. I referred only to the possibility (not concluding) that
corals could (hypotheticaly, of course) be better fed, because I was
focussing only on the discussion about MacKenzie's starving
hypothesis, and trying to leave open that hipothesis (and promote
testing it experimentally) in place of  discarding it as some
colleagues seem to prefer. Thanks again, James.
Pedro

Subject:                RE: Coral starving  and survival
Date sent:              Fri, 8 Mar 2002 13:20:45 -0600
From:                   "James Wiseman" <James.Wiseman@intecengineering.com>
To:                     <alcolado@ama.cu>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

> An interesting post.
>
> There certainly can be many factors which differentiate these two "coral
> sets."  I think it would be premature to settle on the conclusion that the
> corals that were living in the "greenish and more turbid" survived because
> they were well fed.
>
> Couldn't we just as easily conclude that these corals survived BECAUSE
> they were living in more turbid water.  The turbid water corals were
> exposed to much lower light levels - a known factor in coral bleaching.
>
> Sincerely
> James Wiseman
> Houston TX
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: alcolado@ama.cu [mailto:alcolado@ama.cu]
> Sent: Friday, March 08, 2002 12:16 PM
> To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
> Cc: debimack@auracom.com
> Subject: Coral starving and survival
>
>
>
> Dear coral-lister,
> I decided to add a little more firewood to discussion on Debbie
> McKenzie's interesting coral starving-survival hypohesis.
> During an AGRRA assessment along the south and east of  the
> Gulf of Batabano (SW Cuba; march 2001) the Cuban-International
> team observed a  gradient of improving condition in Acropora
> palmata (from a situation where practically all colonies were dead
> along the south) in the extent we approximate to the huge Zapata
> swamp (which is supposed to enhance plankton productivity and
> where water becomes greenish and more turbid). The two Acropora
>  palmata  crests closest to Zapata swamp looked practically
> healthy.
> Another Cuban-International AGRRA assessment in the
> Archipelago Jardines de la Reina (SE Cuba) showed that Acropora
> palmata in the windward crests of Cayo Caballones, exposed to
> the oligotrophic ocean were virtually dead, while a small Acropora
> palmata crest located leeward of the same key and exposed to the
>  most biological productive shelf of Cuba (varying from mesotrophic  to
> eutrophic along a cross gradient towards mainland) was alive  and really
> beautiful (mixed with dense thickets of live Acropora  prolifera).
> Probably well fed Acropora palmata crests survived the massive  mortality
> event(s) (cause unknown: coral bleaching, white band,  patchy necrosis?)
> that killed the crests exposed to less nutrified  and less productive
> oceanic waters.   If so, McKenzie's hypothesis, far from be discarded
> prematurely,  has to be tested because it could explain differences in the
> fate of  some coral reefs at small scale, and also explain some
> mismatches at larger scale when correlating coral bleaching with  sea
> surface temperature.  I fully agree that higher sea surface temperatures
> are the primary  cause of coral bleaching, but the fate of corals ususally
> is  conditioned by other complementary factors (cloudiness, sea  surface
> roughness, water transparency, etc.), very probably  included the degree
> of coral starvation. Cheers, Pedro M. Alcolado   ~~~~~~~ For directions on
> subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please visit
> http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the menu bar, then click on
> Coral-List Listserver.
>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: RE: Coral starving and survival
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 10:12:54 -0500
From: alcolado@ama.cu
To: "Lance K.B. Jordan" <JordanL@nova.edu>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Lance,,
Thanks for your reply. Acropora palmata has coevolved with
hurricanes and indeed is one of the most addapted species to
those events. Furthermore, there has not been an apparent change
in  hurricane regime trends at least in Cuba.
I am not talking about what is happening in zooplankton in the
Caribbean or globat tropical region, I am only comparing corals
exposed to different amounts of plankton availability at local scale.
The hypothesis (not  a conclussion)  is that inshore corals could be
 better fed (more zooplankton)  than  windward ocean exposed
ones  (less zooplankton available)  and so, possibly less prone to
be  affected by mortality agents.  In other words, I am not talking
about  any trend of zooplankton in the Caribbean region, that
maybe is  like the way you say (increasing?), but maybe not  if you
consider  that the probable lesser level of spawning (because of
overfishing)  could be conducting to lower zooplaknton
concentrations, given the  possible lesser amounts of eggs, larvae
and juvenile. It is really  an aspect very needed of research. It is
interesting to point aout that zooplankton concentrations are
decreasing in north cold latitudes (after comments I heard in this
coral lists just in discussions about  MacKenzie's hypothesis).
All the best,
Pedro


From:                   "Lance K.B. Jordan" <JordanL@nova.edu>
To:                     <alcolado@ama.cu>
Subject:                RE: Coral starving  and survival
Date sent:              Fri, 8 Mar 2002 14:10:55 -0500

> Dear Pedro,
>
> I am not a coral expert, nor claim to be.  But what you described
is
> typical throughout the Caribbean.  I have read that hurricanes
have
> dictated the demise of A. palmata.  Usually the main energy of
hurricanes
> occurs on the windward and exposed side of the island, hence
the dead
> palmata on the oligotrophic (clear water) side of the islands.
This, in
> my opinion, is a much more logical explanation than starvation.
>
> Corals are zooplanktivores.  Zooplankton eat phytoplankton.
Phytoplankton
> need sunlight and nutrients to subsist.  Humans have likely
increased the
> amount of nutrients in the world's oceans in addition to
overexploiting
> fisheries.  Many fishes are zooplanktivore. So, not only have
humans
> increase the food source of zooplankton (by increasing the
nutrient
> concentrations which, in turn, increased phytoplankton
populations) but
> humans have decreased the number of possible zooplankton
predators.
> Therefore, it is highly probable that, rather than the idea that the
> ocean's are starving, zooplankton concentrations have increased
in recent
> years.
>
> Your reply is welcome.
>
> Lance Jordan
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of
> alcolado@ama.cu
> Sent: Friday, March 08, 2002 1:16 PM
> To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
> Cc: debimack@auracom.com
> Subject: Coral starving and survival
>
>
>
> Dear coral-lister,
> I decided to add a little more firewood to discussion on Debbie
> McKenzie's interesting coral starving-survival hypohesis.
> During an AGRRA assessment along the south and east of  the
> Gulf of Batabano (SW Cuba; march 2001) the Cuban-
International
> team observed a  gradient of improving condition in Acropora
> palmata (from a situation where practically all colonies were dead
> along the south) in the extent we approximate to the huge Zapata
> swamp (which is supposed to enhance plankton productivity and
> where water becomes greenish and more turbid). The two
Acropora
>  palmata  crests closest to Zapata swamp looked practically
> healthy.
> Another Cuban-International AGRRA assessment in the
> Archipelago Jardines de la Reina (SE Cuba) showed that
Acropora
> palmata in the windward crests of Cayo Caballones, exposed to
> the oligotrophic ocean were virtually dead, while a small Acropora
> palmata crest located leeward of the same key and exposed to
the
>  most biological productive shelf of Cuba (varying from
mesotrophic
> to eutrophic along a cross gradient towards mainland) was alive
> and really beautiful (mixed with dense thickets of live Acropora
> prolifera).
> Probably well fed Acropora palmata crests survived the massive
> mortality event(s) (cause unknown: coral bleaching, white band,
> patchy necrosis?) that killed the crests exposed to less nutrified
> and less productive oceanic waters.
> If so, McKenzies hypothesis, far from be discarded prematurely,
> has to be tested because it could explain differences in the fate
of
> some coral reefs at small scale, and also explain some
> mismatches at larger scale when correlating coral bleaching with
> sea surface temperature.
> I fully agree that higher sea surface temperatures are the primary
> cause of coral bleaching, but the fate of corals ususally is
> conditioned by other complementary factors (cloudiness, sea
> surface roughness, water transparency, etc.), very probably
> included the degree of coral starvation.
> Cheers,
> Pedro M. Alcolado
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular
on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: MPA benefits - in numbers
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 16:14:53 +0100
From: kochzius@uni-bremen.de
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Hi coral-listers

At 08:23 11.03.02 -0400, Peter A. Murray wrote:
>Dob Baker might wish to check out the following
>
>Roberts, CM. 1997. Conectivity and management of Caribbean coral reefs.
>Science 278:1454-1457

The discussion following this article is interesting as well:

Fishery and Reef Management, Science 1998 March 27; 279: 2019-2025 (in
Letters) (David R. Bellwood, Jeffrey M. Leis, Ilona C. Stobutzki; Peter F.
Sale, Robert K. Cowen; Callum M. Roberts)

Best fishes

Marc

 ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
Marc Kochzius
Zentrum fuer Marine Tropenoekologie (ZMT)
Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology
University of Bremen
Fahrenheitstr. 6
28359 Bremen
Germany

Tel.:+49 +421 23800-57 (Office) please note new number!
      +49 +421 218-7679 (Lab)
      +49 +421 23800-21 (ZMT Secretary)
Fax: +49 +421 23800-30 or -40

ZMT Webpage:  www.zmt.uni-bremen.de
Reef Webpage: www.oceanium.de
<>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <><

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Fiber Optic Cable impact assessment
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 11:39:27 EST
From: CSalt5@aol.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: dmeyer@peer.org

Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER) is in the
process of
assembling a small group of scientists, lawyers, and biologists to
prepare a
report on past and possible future coral reef damage due to fiber optic
cable
deployment.  Still needed: a part-time coral reef biologist or graduate
student to accompany other members on field trips to nearshore areas of
southeast Florida counties where fiber optic cable has been or may be
laid
across reefs.  The corals biologist would also prepare a chapter
discussing
the findings of the field study and relevant biological issues.  Please
resond to this email address.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Re: Coral starving and survival
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 2002 18:08:02 EST
From: EricHugo@aol.com
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Just a quick comment:

I'm not sure you can attribute it all to zooplankton...particulate material,
bacteria, and dissolved sources will also play a role, probably significant,
in the heterotrophy of corals and their energy budget, reproductive output,
etc.

Eric Hugo Borneman
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Division in Ecology and Evolution
258, SR II
University of Houston
Houston, TX 77204

EBorneman@uh.edu or EricHugo@aol.com


~~~~~~~
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Subject: MPA & Other Numbers!
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 2002 10:03:15 -0000
From: "Spurgeon, James" <James.Spurgeon@jacobs.com>
To: "'pacaqts'" <pacaqts@tm.net.my>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Don and others,

Thanks for an interesting and informative discussion.  A few additional
views that may be of interest:

As Jack Sobel mentions, there will of course be many other important
benefits of MPAs to consider.  A whole range of "numbers" can be generated
in support of MPAs, both quantitative and monetary.  However, many of the
monetary benefits may not be so easy to appropriate (capture) at present
(e.g. indirect use and non-use values) and hence are of less concern to
politicians.  This will change over time!  The net social impacts of MPA
options also need addressing, in particular relating to how livelihoods
are affected.

As Stephen Jameson suggests, a business plan approach would help
enormously. There are numerous opportunities for identifying sources of
finance for MPAs, and these resources need to be focused efficiently and
effectively on enhancing and capturing benefits and tackling the root
cause of coral degradation problems.  Unfortunately, as Stephen
highlights, many root causes occur outside the MPA - through the "3 screen
doors".  Radical national and international initiatives are needed to
tackle these.

Finally, as Don comments, "business and science" may not mix well.
However, this must change if coral reefs are to stand any chance in the
future. There are several important initiatives and changes in the
pipeline involving the private sector and natural resource/biodiversity
conservation that could have considerable beneficial consequences for
coral reefs.  The potential for benefit is enormous, although possible
adverse side-effects must be carefully considered and minimised.

The above points are all discussed further in a paper "Economic Valuation
of Coral Reefs: The Next Ten Years", one of many papers to be included in
the proceedings of an ICLARM 2001 workshop on "Economic Valuation and
Policy Priorities for Sustainable Management of Coral Reefs", to be
published by ICLARM in the next few months.

Best wishes
James

James Spurgeon
Principal Environmental Economist
JacobsGIBB Ltd
Tel: +44 (0)118 963 5000
Fax: +44 (0)118 926 3888
Email: james.spurgeon@jacobs.com





-----Original Message-----
From: pacaqts [mailto:pacaqts@tm.net.my]
Sent: Friday, March 08, 2002 11:57 AM
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Many Thanks to All / MPA & Numbers

Dear Coral-Lers,

Many thanks to the quick replies and references. Fyi. We are finalizing
a
MPA here in Sabah - NE of Sandakan. But the Sabah State Gov wants the
'numbers.'  Yes, typically they are the 'politicians' - based from a
'rice-bowl' syndrome that is difficult to convince on just
'institutional /
academic 'heresay [their words].'' And typically business & science
often
does not mix well.

Cheers to all,
Don Baker
LBT-MPA
Sandakan, Sabah
Malaysia



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<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Don
and others</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Thanks
for an interesting and informative&nbsp;discussion.&nbsp; A few
additional&nbsp;views that may be of interest:</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=534494313-11032002>As </SPAN><SPAN class=534494313-11032002>Jack
Sobel
mentions,&nbsp;there will of course be&nbsp;many other important
benefits of
MPAs to consider.&nbsp; A whole range of "numbers" can be generated in
support
of MPAs, both quantitative and monetary.&nbsp; However,&nbsp;many of the
monetary&nbsp;benefits&nbsp;may not be so easy to appropriate (capture)
at
present (e.g. indirect use and non-use values) and hence are of less
concern to
politicians.&nbsp;&nbsp;This will change over time!&nbsp; The net social
impacts
of MPA options also need addressing, in particular relating to how
livelihoods
are affected.&nbsp;</SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial><FONT size=2><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=534494313-11032002></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT
face=Arial><FONT
size=2><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=534494313-11032002></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT
face=Arial><FONT
size=2><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=534494313-11032002></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT
face=Arial><FONT
size=2><FONT color=#0000ff><SPAN
class=534494313-11032002></SPAN></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>As&nbsp;Stephen Jameson suggests,&nbsp;a business plan
approach&nbsp;would&nbsp;help enormously.&nbsp; There
are&nbsp;numerous&nbsp;opportunities for&nbsp;identifying sources of
finance for
MPAs, and these resources need to be&nbsp;focused efficiently and
effectively on
enhancing and capturing benefits and&nbsp;tackling the&nbsp;root cause
of coral
degradation problems.&nbsp; Unfortunately, as Stephen highlights,
many&nbsp;root
causes&nbsp;occur outside the MPA - through the "3 screen doors".&nbsp;
Radical
national and international
initiatives&nbsp;are&nbsp;needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;tackle
these. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Finally, as Don comments, "business and science" may not
mix&nbsp;well.&nbsp; However, this&nbsp;must change if coral reefs are
to
stand&nbsp;any chance in the future.&nbsp; There are&nbsp;several
important
initiatives and changes&nbsp;in the pipeline&nbsp;involving the private
sector
and natural resource/biodiversity conservation that&nbsp;could
have&nbsp;considerable beneficial consequences for coral
reefs.&nbsp;&nbsp;The
potential for benefit is enormous, although possible adverse
side-effects must
be&nbsp;carefully considered and minimised. &nbsp;</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>The
above points are all&nbsp;discussed further in
a&nbsp;paper&nbsp;"Economic
Valuation of Coral Reefs: The Next Ten Years", one of&nbsp;many
papers&nbsp;to
be included in the&nbsp;proceedings of an ICLARM 2001 workshop on
"Economic
Valuation&nbsp;and Policy Priorities for Sustainable Management of Coral
Reefs",
to be published by ICLARM in the next few months.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>Best
wishes</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2>James</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002></SPAN><SPAN
class=534494313-11032002></SPAN><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><EM><FONT
face=Arial color=#ff0000 size=2></FONT></EM></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial size=2><I><FONT
face=Arial
color=#ff0000 size=2>James Spurgeon</FONT></I> <BR><I><FONT face=Arial
color=#ff0000 size=2>Principal Environmental Economist</FONT></I>
<BR><I><FONT
face=Arial color=#ff0000 size=2>JacobsGIBB Ltd</FONT></I> <BR><I><FONT
face=Arial color=#ff0000 size=2>Tel: +44 (0)118 963 5000</FONT></I>
<BR><I><FONT
face=Arial color=#ff0000 size=2>Fax: +44 (0)118 926 3888</FONT></I>
<BR><I><FONT
face=Arial color=#ff0000 size=2>Email:
james.spurgeon@jacobs.com</FONT>&nbsp;<FONT face=Arial color=#ff0000>
</FONT></I></DIV></FONT></SPAN>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial color=#0000ff
size=2></FONT></SPAN><SPAN class=534494313-11032002><FONT face=Arial
color=#0000ff size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
  <DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader dir=ltr align=left><FONT face=Tahoma
  size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> pacaqts
  [mailto:pacaqts@tm.net.my]<BR><B>Sent:</B> Friday, March 08, 2002
11:57
  AM<BR><B>To:</B> coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov<BR><B>Subject:</B> Many
Thanks to
  All / MPA &amp; Numbers<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear Coral-Lers,</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Many thanks to the quick replies and
references.
  Fyi. We are finalizing a MPA here in Sabah - NE of Sandakan. But the
Sabah
  State Gov wants the 'numbers.'&nbsp; Yes, typically they are the
'politicians'
  - based from a 'rice-bowl' syndrome that is difficult to convince on
just
  'institutional / academic 'heresay [their words].'' And typically
business
  &amp; science often does not mix well.</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Cheers to all,</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Don Baker</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>LBT-MPA</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Sandakan, Sabah</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>Malaysia</FONT></DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: Re: Many Thanks to All / MPA & Numbers
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 2002 11:50:45 -0600
From: "Ron Hill" <Ron.Hill@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA/NMFS
To: pacaqts <pacaqts@tm.net.my>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Don,

The other place you might look for a comprehensive review of the literature
as it was available a couple of years ago is the website:

http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9994.html

There, the book:  Marine Protected Areas: Tools for Sustaining Ocean
Ecosystem (by the Committee on the Evaluation, Design, and Monitoring of
Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in the United States, Ocean Studies
Board, National Research Council) can be read on-line or ordered.  It
includes extensive bibliographic citations.

There are also a few years of data on the web site of the National Marine
Sanctuary-Florida Keys NMS -- you can follow the links from www.noaa.gov to
the reports.


This whole discussion has once again demonstrated how important linguistics
can be.  Respondents have talked about "marine protected areas" and
"no-take" marine reserves as though they were the same thing when in fact I
think most of us mean marine reserves to be: a subset of MPAs in which all
extractive uses are prohibited.

Additional points on the discussion:

The goals (and the metrics for those goals) for both marine reserves and
MPAs must be clear and explicitly stated in the management plan with
reasonable time frames for occurrence.  A build-up of spawning biomass in
order to guard against future stock crashes or to increase fecundity are
both elements of effectiveness but they may be manifest on different time
scales than a goal to produce trophy fish for the surrounding fishing
grounds. These goal must acknowledge the constraints of biology; too often
the time frames are simply politically dictated.

One more point, marine reserves that have "not worked" because there is no
compliance (or have been in place for a short time) should not be used to
show that marine reserves do not work as tools for fishery management.
That's a little like establishing size limits, not enforcing them, and then
saying that size limits are not effective for managing fisheries.   We can
not judge the ecological performance (effectiveness) of reserves with little
or no compliance; we can only judge the effectiveness of the management
effort.

We know that the ecological underpinnings of marine reserves are sound.  We
have some demonstration that when they are implemented with reasonable
compliance that conditions within the reserve change (increased abundance
and biomass) and we have some demonstration that fisheries around the
reserves (spill-over) can be enhanced.

There is still a lot to learn about marine reserves and the functions they
may serve in fishery management but that is what keeps us all interested.

Cheers,

ron


Note:  The views expressed in this message are the sole opinion of the
author and are not necessarily the views of the agency with which he is
associated.



pacaqts wrote:

> Dear Coral-Lers, Many thanks to the quick replies and references. Fyi. We
> are finalizing a MPA here in Sabah - NE of Sandakan. But the Sabah State
> Gov wants the 'numbers.'  Yes, typically they are the 'politicians' -
> based from a 'rice-bowl' syndrome that is difficult to convince on just
> 'institutional / academic 'heresay [their words].'' And typically business
> & science often does not mix well. Cheers to all,Don BakerLBT-MPASandakan,
> SabahMalaysia

  Ronald L. Hill, Ph.D. <ron.hill@noaa.gov>
  Research Fishery Biologist
  National Marine Fisheries Service
  Fishery Ecology Branch

  Ronald L. Hill, Ph.D.
  Research Fishery Biologist         <ron.hill@noaa.gov>
  National Marine Fisheries Service
  Fishery Ecology Branch
  NOAA/NMFS 4700 Ave. U              Fax: (409) 766-3508
  Galveston                          Work: (409) 766-3519
  TX
  77551
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Hill
  First Name    Ronald
  Version       2.1

Subject: Just 5 weeks to Dive In!
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 2002 12:28:51 -0800
From: Sherry Flumerfelt <sflumerfelt@coral.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

[Apologies for cross-postings]

Dive In To Earth Day Reminder
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org

Greetings again from Dive In To Earth Day headquarters!  This e-mail is to
remind those of you who haven't yet organized a Dive In To Earth Day
activity, that Earth Day is coming up in just 6 weeks (April 22), so it's
time to start planning your activity now!

----- WHY SHOULD I ORGANIZE A DIVE IN ACTIVITY? -----

By organizing a Dive In activity, you will be part of a global effort to
raise awareness about the need to protect the world's oceans and marine
ecosystems.  Your activity will also help at the local level by improving
the quality of the marine environment near you.  Dive In is a great way to
get your local community involved in marine conservation, and it's a great
way for businesses to show clients that you care.  It's easy, it's fun and
it works.

------  WHAT IS DIVE IN TO EARTH DAY? -----

Dive In To Earth Day is an international Earth Day celebration with marine
conservation activities taking place during the week of April 15-22 with a
common theme:  to remind the public that over 70% of the planet is covered
by water and our marine resources need to be protected.

------ WHO CAN ORGANIZE A DIVE IN ACTIVITY? ------

Anyone can!  It's easy.  You don't have to be a diver and you don't have to
live on the coast.  All you need is a love for the underwater world and some
creativity.

Past organizers include dive shops and dive clubs, community groups,
non-profit organizations, teachers, students, scientists, aquariums, etc.

Joining the celebrations this year are celebrities and environmental heroes
such as Dr. Sylvia Earle, Leonardo DiCaprio, Stan Waterman and William
Shatner (see photos of our Host Committee at
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/HostCommittee).

----- WHAT KINDS OF ACTIVITIES ARE THERE? -----

Any marine-related conservation activity will do, whether it's cleaning
trash from a beach, installing a mooring buoy, or doing a presentation for
your local club or school.

Over 50 countries have signed up to Dive In over the past three years.
Examples of this year's activities include a fish count in Panama, a Sea
Turtle Benefit dinner in Guam, a children's art contest in Italy and a beach
cleanup in Bangladesh.

To look through this year's activities, click on the "Find an Activity" link
in the left navigation bar at:  http://divein.coralreefalliance.org

For highlights from 2001 visit:
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/2001highlights

----- HOW DO I ORGANIZE A DIVE IN ACTIVITY? -----

The Dive In To Earth Day website has plenty of tools and resources to help
you organize your own Dive In Activity, such as tips for organizing an
underwater or beach cleanup, tips for installing mooring buoys, fun names,
and sample press releases.  Just visit our "Tips for Organizers" page at:
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/toolsfororganizers.

*  Be sure to add your activity to the Dive In website so that people in
your community can find your event.  The more activities we have posted, the
more successful Dive In will be as it will show the world and the media that
people do care!  The first 200 people to sign up will receive free posters.

To search through the list of activities, or to add your own activity, go to
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org and click on the "Find an Activity" or
"Add an Activity" links in the navigation bar on the left.

Don't forget to bring your camera to the Dive In activity, for a chance to
win great prizes in the First Annual Dive In To Earth Day Photo Contest!
For more information visit:
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/photocontest

----- I CAN'T ORGANIZE AN ACTIVITY.  CAN I STILL HELP OUT? -----

Yes!  We also need people to participate in activities.  Check out the
website closer to Earth Day to find an activity in your local community and
Dive In!

We also need help spreading the word about Dive In To Earth Day.  You can
help out by:

- Posting the Dive In logo with a link on your website
(http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/logoguidelines)

- Forwarding this email to your colleagues, friends and family

- Supporting Dive In by purchasing Dive In t-shirts and posters
(http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/merchandise)

----- WHO IS RESPONSIBLE FOR DIVE IN? -----

We all are!  Dive In To Earth Day is a collaborative effort, bringing
together non-governmental organizations, scientists, dive shops, schools and
ocean lovers from around the world to help protect our planet's marine
resources.

Dive In To Earth Day was launched in 2000 to commemorate the 30th
anniversary of Earth Day.  The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is once again
coordinating the event with the help of Dive Equipment and Marketing
Association (DEMA), Earth Day Network, International Coral Reef Action
Network (ICRAN), Project AWARE Foundation and West Marine, as well as
several Partner Organizations including Reef Environmental Education
Foundation (REEF) and Reef Check.

If you have any further questions, please contact divein@coral.org.

Thank you for Diving In To Earth Day!

Regards,

Sherry Flumerfelt
Dive In To Earth Day Coordinator

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
2014 Shattuck Ave
Berkeley, CA 94704
Tel:(510) 848-0110
Fax:(510) 848-3720
Email: divein@coral.org
Toll-free number:1-888-CORAL REEF

http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/
http://www.coral.org/

"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: CRTF National Action Plan
Date: Tue, 12 Mar 2002 17:17:30 -0600
From: Mary Gray Davidson <marygraydavidson@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Does anyone know where I can obtain a copy of the U.S. Coral Reef Task
Force National Action Plan released in the year 2000?

Thank you for your reply.

Mary Gray Davidson
University of Iowa, J.D. 2002
Fellow, University of Iowa Center for Human Rights
Tel:  319/338-4778

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Subject: MPA- Again
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2002 21:23:58 +0800
From: pacaqts <pacaqts@tm.net.my>
Organization: Pacific Aqua-Tech Systems Sdn. Bhd.
To: Coral-L <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello All @ Coral-L,

On this MPA & Numbers issue...   I am both surprised and disappointed that
the 'numbers' simply are not 'readily available.'  I am to assume that my
'political counterparts' know this as well - as they have challenged me for
such. I think we - as scientists - need to make 'business & science' a bit
more transparent in this year of 2002 or we will see more an more ecosystems
compromised.  This word 'compromise' was taken from a politician friend here
in Sabah...as a 'cute-sy' term indicating 'eradication or
modified [ecosystem] for commercial exploitation.'  This is serious
'business' people and action is needed rather than 'arm-chair' rhetoric's
based on 'who did that paper..or who knows who at whatever lab or
institution.'  Meanwhile....fish are raped from the reefs of Sabah-Sulu Sea
with cyanide every day...a silent killer verses the bomb that 'makes a
boom.'  Giant clams are almost extinct in the region as a result of
Taiwanese/Chinese [no difference except their flag & politics] pillaging.

In short, I need to convince the Sabah State Gov that 'their rice bowl' will
be filled too ...as well as the MPA being able to operate & survive - if
eco-tourism 'foots-the-bill!'.

Cheers,
Don Baker
LBT-MPA
Sandakan-Sabah-Sulu Sea



Subject: RE: MPA- Again
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2002 12:27:57 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "pacaqts" <pacaqts@tm.net.my>, "Coral-L" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I think you may be asking for something that is either ten years away or not
even possible. In the papers you have seen cited, there are several examples
in which the increases in fish biomass were documented and others in which
the total fisheries return was compared with and without the reserve. If you
put a no-take zone in amidst heavy overfishing, the chances are very high
that you will get more fish biomass in the reserve over time. As far as how
much fisheries production you will get -- that is a very site specific and
depends on many variables. I think in 5 or 10 years, the new agent-based
modeling approaches many of us are working on may be able to give a crude
idea of what that production might or might not be given specifics from your
situation. However, you are talking about a complex ecological problem that
is always likely to have a high degree of uncertainty in the "numbers". I
agree that we need to do a lot more work in support of management
decision-making. However, we certainly have enough information now on which
to take action.

Note that this is not much different than making predictions on the stock
market (where the same new modeling approach is increasingly used). If we
expect to make management decisions in the absence of uncertainty, we may
have an infinite wait.

Cheers!



John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4600
www.ncoremiami.org
Subject: Re: CRTF National Action Plan
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2002 14:47:24 -0500
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: Mary Gray Davidson <marygraydavidson@yahoo.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

       Mary Gray Davidson wrote:

> Does anyone know where I can obtain a copy of the U.S. Coral Reef Task
> Force National Action Plan released in the year 2000?

Reply:

Copies of the "National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs" (US Coral Reef
Task Force, 2000) and other information on the Task Force (accomplishment
reports etc) are available from the cochairs or staff contacts listed below.

Please note that this information is also available on the Task Force web
site (http://coralreef.gov/) (WEB SITE IS TEMPORARILY UNAVAILABLE DUE TO
COURT ORDERED SHUTDOWN OF SITES MAINTAINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE
INTERIOR)

Co-Chairs, U.S. Coral Reef Task Force

       Honorable Gale A. Norton
       Secretary of the Interior
       1849 C Street, NW  (MS 7229)
       Washington, D.C. 20240-0001
       P: 202-208-3928
       F:  202-208-4694
       email:  gale_norton@ios.doi.gov
       (NOTE:  MOST DOINTERIOR EMAIL AND WEB SITES ARE NOT OPERATING DUE TO
       COURT ORDER)

       Vice Admiral Conrad C. Lautenbacher
       Under Secretary and Administrator
       National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
       U.S. Department of Commerce
          14TH & CONST AVE NW RM. 5128
          WASHINGTON    DC 20230-0001
          PH: (202)482-3436
          FAX:(202)408-9674
          Internet Address: Conrad.C.Lautenbacher@noaa.gov

       Staff contacts:

       Susan White
       US Fish and Wildlife Service
       Department of the Interior
       4401 N. Fairfax Drive, Rm 670
       Arlington, VA 22203
       ph:  703.358.2415
       fx:  703.358.1929
       email:  susan_white@fws.gov

       Roger Griffis
       National Ocean Service
       National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
       1305 East West Highway (SSMC 10116/ORR)
       Silver Spring, MD 20910
       P:  301-713-2989x115
       F:  301-713-4389
       email:  roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov

Mary Gray Davidson wrote:

> Does anyone know where I can obtain a copy of the U.S. Coral Reef Task
> Force National Action Plan released in the year 2000?
>
> Thank you for your reply.
>
> Mary Gray Davidson
> University of Iowa, J.D. 2002
> Fellow, University of Iowa Center for Human Rights
> Tel:  319/338-4778
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: quotation
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 2002 09:59:23 -1000
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@waquarium.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

We are working on a short video program about coral reefs.  A quote we want
to use is something to this effect:

"coral reefs are the crown jewels of planet earth"

Can we ascribe this statement to someone out there, or has this phrase been
used many times by many different authors?

Thanks
Bruce Carlson
Waikiki Aquarium

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Subject: Re: MPA- Again
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2002 11:33:02 +1000
From: "Mark Tupper" <mtupper@guam.uog.edu>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>, "pacaqts" <pacaqts@tm.net.my>

Don and Coral-L,

Two thoughts:

1. If you are planning these MPAs with eco-tourism in mind, then there are
some "numbers" you can refer to. Murray Rudd (now at DFO in Nova Scotia - I
don't believe he subscribes to this list) has done extensive research on
nonextractive valuation of reef resources in the Turks & Caicos Islands. His
research has shown that the nonconsumptive value of grouper and lobster to
the dive tourism industry is high, and that depletion of grouper stocks may
cost more to local economies than conservation of these stocks. To get the
numbers, read:

Rudd MA. 2001. The non-extractive value of spiny lobster, Panulirus argus,
in the Turks & Caicos Islands. Environmental Conservation 38: 226-234.

Rudd MA, Danylchuk AJ, Gore SA, Tupper MH. 2002. Are marine protected areas
in the Turks & Caicos Islands ecologically or economically valuable? In:
Proceedings of the International Conference on the Economics of Marine
Protected Areas. Fisheries Center Research Reports 9(8). (I don't have the
page numbers handy, but you can order a copy at
http://www.fisheries.ubc.ca/Reports/fcrr.htm).

Rudd MA, Tupper MH. 2002. The impact of Nassau grouper size and abundance on
scuba diver site selection and MPA economics. Coastal Management 30:
133-151. (This will be out in the April issue, contact me for a reprint).


2. If explosives, poisons and foreign fleets are that big a problem in
Sabah's fisheries, then I wonder if it might not be better to put available
time and money into reducing destructive fishing practices and illegal
foreign fishing before establishing MPAs. Addressing those problems first
might gain some support among the local fishing communities (at least those
that don't use dynamite and/or cyanide). That, in turn, may help to
establish MPAs with better compliance from local fishers. In effect you are
showing your support for local fishers by "siding against the foreign
fleets" (though I hate to phrase it in such combative terms). That's just
off the top of my head, and I'd appreciate any comments/responses from other
Coral Listers who may have experience with such issues

Cheers,

Mark Tupper


Dr. Mark Tupper, Assistant Professor
University of Guam Marine Laboratory
UOG Station, Mangilao
Guam 96923, USA
Tel. 671-735-2185; Fax 671-734-6767

Coordinator, Marine Protected Areas Research Group
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/mpa/index.html

Subject: Echinoid Character Set
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2002 10:13:11 -0500
From: "Bruce Neill" <bneill@bestweb.net>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

In the spirit of the Tree of Life Initiative, and to facilitate
communication among researchers interested in systematic analyses of regular
echinoids, I would like to compile a morphological character-set potentially
suitable for systematic analysis of any regular echinoid group.

As characters are submitted, I will compile a list (citing the source
(author and/or publication - if appropriate) of the characters).  Once the
character-set is completed, I will make it available on appropriate
list-servers and any other media in which it might be suitably presented
(e.g., the Echinoderm Newsletter).

If you are interested in commenting on, or contributing to this
character-set list, please reply to me (off-list) at bneill@bestweb.net.  I
will gather the addresses of those interested parties and proceed to compile
the character-set.

My apologies for cross-postings.

Bruce Neill, Ph.D.
bneill@bestweb.net

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: World Atlas of Coral Reefs
Date: Thu, 14 Mar 2002 17:15:37 +0000
From: "Mark Spalding" <Mark.Spalding@unep-wcmc.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

For those interested, a second print-run has just become available. We have
incorporated a small number of corrections, and for any people who have
copies of the first print-run you can down-load the corrected pages from our
web-site:
http://www.unep-wcmc.org/marine/coralatlas/index.htm

Others may wish to look at sample pages on the same site.

Finally, I will be leaving employment at UNEP-WCMC from today and will be
working freelance. Although I hope to maintain a close association with
UNEP-WCMC, queries relating to the Centre's work or interests should now be
addressed to Ed Green, or to:
information@unep-wcmc.org

My personal contact details are below.

All best

Mark

__________________________________________

Mark Spalding, PhD
Consultant Marine Ecologist
and
Research Associate, Cambridge Coastal Research Unit
University of Cambridge
Home: 17 The Green, Ashley, Newmarket, CB8 9EB, UK
e-mail: mark@mdspalding.co.uk
Tel: +44 1638 730760 (Home)

---------------------------------------------------------------
This E-mail and any attachments are private, intended solely for
the use of the addressee. If you are not the intended recipient,
they have been sent to you in error: any use of information in
them is strictly prohibited.

The employer reserves the right to monitor the content of
the message and any reply received.

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Subject: Options for small island groups?
Date: Fri, 15 Mar 2002 13:59:17 +0300
From: "Sangeeta Mangubhai" <smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral-listers,

I am currently doing a paper looking at conservation/sustainable use options
for reef resources of small islands/island groups and would like some
assistance obtaining literature on 'real-life' examples from different parts
of the world.  I need to assess various options to determine their
environmental and socio-economic costs and benefits, in the short and long
term.  The areas I lack information on:

1.  Conservation Endowments
2.  Rights Purchasing (e.go. Fishing Licenses)
3.  Land Purchasing - I know of the TNC/Palmyra Atoll only - but a contact
person for this project would be welcome.

Can you please direct me to any of the following:  (1) projects (and their
contacts), (2) reports/papers, and/or (3) websites.

In addition, I would be interested in hearing from those who have done
similar assessments/options papers with regard to the assessment criteria
they use to determine which is the more feasible options.

This is a management orientated question - please let me know if there are
other emailing lists I should try and contact and send them this query.

Thank you in advance.

Sangeeta

***********************************************
Sangeeta Mangubhai
P.O. Box 10135
Bamburi
Mombasa
KENYA
Tel:  +254-(011)-474-582
Email: smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke

Subject: Seeking Course Information
Date: Fri, 15 Mar 2002 09:03:19 -0500
From: McCarty and Peters <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>
To: Coral Reef List Server <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

The Education and Outreach Committee of the Coral Disease and Health
Consortium (sponsored by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force and federal
agencies) is compiling information on courses and training programs offered
by institutions or individuals related to any aspect of coral health or
disease (for example, basic coral biology, systematics, algal symbiosis,
cnidarian physiology, microbiology, histopathology).  If you teach a course
or know of one being offered, please send the course title, institution,
instructor and contact information, brief description, whether offered for
credit to undergraduates or graduates, and approximate date(s) offered to
me at

mccarty_and_peters@compuserve.com

This information will be presented in a report and other formats being
prepared by the Consortium to help students and professionals identify
resources for training in this field.  Thank you very much!

Esther Peters, Ph.D.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Inquiry
Date: Sat, 16 Mar 2002 09:49:07 +0300
From: "M.G. Visram" <shak@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral listers,

Does anyone know of an accurate and reliable method for estimating the areal
density of zooxanthellae in Pocillopora damicornis besides the use of
tin-foil paper, which I find neither acurate nor practical for this species
due to the thin and intricate branching nature of the skeleton.

many thanks,

Shakil Visram





Subject: Anyone working on agent-based reef models?
Date: Sun, 17 Mar 2002 16:41:30 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Colleagues,

NCORE and its partner institutions will be setting up various activities
involving people who are currently or will soon be applying agent-based
models to coral reefs or related coastal environments, including coastal
human communities. If this applies to you, please write us a short paragraph
on the project you are involved with.

Please copy to cdickman@rsmas.miami.edu.

Cheers!

 John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org

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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Updating your information
Date: Sun, 17 Mar 2002 16:51:32 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Colleagues:

Many of us who set up workshops often need to find specialists in particular
areas. One of the best sources of such information, as well as email
addresses, is the CHAMP Online Coral Researchers Directory.

I find that some of the information there is long out-of-date. Thus, some
people may be missing out on important opportunities.

I encourage everyone to keep this information current.

Cheers!

 John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Coral Bleaching Nou Caledonia
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 06:07:45 +0000
From: "Posa A. Skelton" <skelton_p@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au, fisheries@samoa.ws, fishery@vanuatu.com.vu,
     south_r@usp.ac.fj, hay_c@usp.ac.fj, kumar_l@usp.ac.fj,
     lovell@is.com.fj

Dear Coral Listers,

Below is a message from one of our GCRMN national coordinators in Noumea,
New Caledonia.

--------------------------------------------------------------------
>to whom it may concern,
>this is just to point out the fact that large areas of bleaching is
>occuring in New
>Caledonia.
>Further information will be sent later
>
>
>-------------------------------------------------------------------
>Prire de rpondre  env@province-sud.nc
>Chef du service de l'environnement
>DEVINCK Franois

Posa A. Skelton
Marine Studies Programme
The University of the South Pacific
Suva, FIJI ISLANDS
skelton_p@hotmail.com

_________________________________________________________________
Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Coral Bleaching in Reunion Island
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 11:52:14 +0300
From: Michal RARD <michael.rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Posa A. Skelton" <skelton_p@hotmail.com>
CC: <coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Thank you Posa for this interessant information.

Here, in Reunion Island is some bleaching in 2 sites, just because of the
mud imported by the last hurricane Dina in january, but not now due to the
sea TC.

And, to my mind and when I compare the sea temperature we have in our reefs,
because of the rains due to the 2 hurricanes we have had since the beginning
of this year, the seawater TC is 1C less than the last 2 years. So I think
that this year, we will not have bleaching caused by too high temperatures,
but perhaps due to rains and mud in freshwater imported by hurricanes.

Many thanks, and have a nice day
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm
----- Original Message -----
From: Posa A. Skelton <skelton_p@hotmail.com>
To: <coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>; <fisheries@samoa.ws>;
<fishery@vanuatu.com.vu>; <south_r@usp.ac.fj>; <hay_c@usp.ac.fj>;
<kumar_l@usp.ac.fj>; <lovell@is.com.fj>
Sent: Monday, March 18, 2002 9:07 AM
Subject: Coral Bleaching Nou Caledonia

> Dear Coral Listers,
>
> Below is a message from one of our GCRMN national coordinators in Noumea,
> New Caledonia.
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> >to whom it may concern,
> >this is just to point out the fact that large areas of bleaching is
> >occuring in New
> >Caledonia.
> >Further information will be sent later
> >
> >
> >-------------------------------------------------------------------
> >Prire de rpondre  env@province-sud.nc
> >Chef du service de l'environnement
> >DEVINCK Franois
>
>
>
> Posa A. Skelton
> Marine Studies Programme
> The University of the South Pacific
> Suva, FIJI ISLANDS
> skelton_p@hotmail.com
>
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Journal referencing?
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 14:54:34 +0300
From: "Sangeeta Mangubhai" <smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Apologies for my non-coral/technical query.

Is there a website I can access to look through an electronic version of the
"World List of Scientific Periodicals" (Butterworths, London"?  Most my web
searches have led me to libraries (for which I am not a member) or only to a
library reference number.

Thanks Sangeeta

Subject: repeat message
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 15:32:28 +0000 (GMT Standard Time)
From: Toby Gardner <T.Gardner@uea.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Apologies to the list.

A message I originally sent 2 weeks ago has just reappeared
in my in box, I presume everyone got it twice.

Jim Hendee - Has something upset the server ?

Toby

Toby Gardner
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
School of Biological Sciences
University East Anglia
Norwich NR4 7TJ
Tel: 01603 610340
Email: t.gardner@uea.ac.uk

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Re: repeat message
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 12:38:07 -0500
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: t.gardner@uea.ac.uk
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

There are several reasons a message may not make it to you soon after it is
sent.

a)  The person who sent it sent it from another email address from that
which there are known to coral-list as.  This happens a lot.  For instance,
Joe@somewhere.com sends a message, but he registered as
Joe@email.somewhere.com.  Or, the send is now at another institution, but
forgot to let me (or better, majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov) know.  Quite
often I just forward the message instead of hassling the sender and try to
find out who the guy/gal was so I can change their email address for them.

b)  The message gets stopped in cyberspace because a server or route was
temporarily down.

c)  The email queue on the coral-list server stacks up messages that were
attempted to be delivered, but couldn't for whatever reason, then it tries
again.

d)  Other.  In other words, I haven't a clue.

Please, when you change email addresses, let me know, or better yet, use the
procedure as it was outlined to you when you got your Welcome Message.

Thanks!

    Cheers,
    Jim

Toby Gardner wrote:

> Apologies to the list.
>
> A message I originally sent 2 weeks ago has just reappeared
> in my in box, I presume everyone got it twice.
>
> Jim Hendee - Has something upset the server ?
>
> Toby
>
> Toby Gardner
> Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
> School of Biological Sciences
> University East Anglia
> Norwich NR4 7TJ
> Tel: 01603 610340
> Email: t.gardner@uea.ac.uk
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Re: repeat message
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 12:38:07 -0500
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: t.gardner@uea.ac.uk
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

There are several reasons a message may not make it to you soon after it is
sent.

a)  The person who sent it sent it from another email address from that
which there are known to coral-list as.  This happens a lot.  For instance,
Joe@somewhere.com sends a message, but he registered as
Joe@email.somewhere.com.  Or, the send is now at another institution, but
forgot to let me (or better, majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov) know.  Quite
often I just forward the message instead of hassling the sender and try to
find out who the guy/gal was so I can change their email address for them.

b)  The message gets stopped in cyberspace because a server or route was
temporarily down.

c)  The email queue on the coral-list server stacks up messages that were
attempted to be delivered, but couldn't for whatever reason, then it tries
again.

d)  Other.  In other words, I haven't a clue.

Please, when you change email addresses, let me know, or better yet, use the
procedure as it was outlined to you when you got your Welcome Message.

Thanks!

    Cheers,
    Jim

Toby Gardner wrote:

> Apologies to the list.
>
> A message I originally sent 2 weeks ago has just reappeared
> in my in box, I presume everyone got it twice.
>
> Jim Hendee - Has something upset the server ?
>
> Toby
>
> Toby Gardner
> Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
> School of Biological Sciences
> University East Anglia
> Norwich NR4 7TJ
> Tel: 01603 610340
> Email: t.gardner@uea.ac.uk
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: Inquiry
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 11:30:38 -0700
From: "C. Mark Eakin" <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology
To: "M.G. Visram" <shak@africaonline.co.ke>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

People have also used wax and dye dip methods that assume that the amount of
material retained on the skeleton is a reasonable estimate of surface area.
In the former, the wax adhering to the skeleton is melted back off and
weighed.  In the latter, the dye is suspended in a known volume of sovlent
and tested colorometrically.  There are also photographic techniques that
might be applicable, but could be difficult to apply to P. damicornis.  See
the following:

Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1988). "A method for determining the surface area of
corals." Coral Reefs 7(3): 113-116.

Ben-Zion, M., Y. Achituv, et al. (1991). "A photographic, computerized
method for measurements of surface area in Millepora." Symbiosis 10:
115-121.


"M.G. Visram" wrote:

> Dear coral listers, Does anyone know of an accurate and reliable method
> for estimating the areal density of zooxanthellae in Pocillopora
> damicornis besides the use of tin-foil paper, which I find neither acurate
> nor practical for this species due to the thin and intricate branching
> nature of the skeleton. many thanks, Shakil Visram

--
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
Chief of NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and
Director of the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology

NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center
325 Broadway E/GC
Boulder, CO 80305-3328
Voice: 303-497-6172                  Fax: 303-497-6513
Internet: mark.eakin@noaa.gov
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html


  C. Mark Eakin <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
  Chief and Director of World Data Center for Paleoclimatology
  NOAA / NGDC
  Paleoclimatology Program

  C. Mark Eakin
  Chief and Director of World Data Center for  <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
  Paleoclimatology
  NOAA / NGDC
  Paleoclimatology Program
  325 Broadway, E/GCx3                         Fax: 303-497-6513
  Boulder                                      Work: 303-497-6172
  CO                                           Conference Software Address
  80305-3328                                   Specific Directory Server
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Eakin
  First Name    C. Mark
  Version       2.1

Subject: Re: Sea urchin mortality at the Johnson Atoll
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 11:41:16 -0700
From: "C. Mark Eakin" <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology
To: Harilaos Lessios <LESSIOSH@naos.si.edu>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I suggest that people also should collect as wide a variety of physical data
as possible.  At least temperature and any unusual salinity values.  here
has been some indication that such infestations could be more destructive at
higher temperatures.  Data are needed to test this and other hypotheses that
may link the diseases to physical factors.

Mark

Harilaos Lessios wrote:

> Lindsey Hays, the refuge manager at the Johnson Atoll, reports widespread
mortality of Echinothrix (and maybe Diadema as well) all around the Atoll.
It seems that most of the sea urchins got sick and died rapidly.   He is
making efforts to collect samples, so that  the pathogens and the hosts can
be identified.
>
> This may turn out to be a localized phenomenon, but this is what we
initially thought about the Diadema mortality in the Caribbean as well.
Just in case it spreads, it would be very useful for people in other areas
in the Pacific (particularly Hawaii and the Marshall Islands) to be ready
for it.  Surveys to determine population density of Echinothrix and Diadema
done now in unaffected areas can provide data that will become extremely
valuable.
>
> It would also be a good idea to know ahead of time what to do if the
mortality should  appear elsewhere.  It is all common sense, but when things
are happening in a hurry, it is good to have a list.  If you notice sick or
dying sea urchins anywhere in the central Pacific:
>
> 1.Note  the date of the observation, and also note the date that
populations were last seen to be healthy.
>
> 2.  Collect specimens.  Some should be kept in 95% ethanol, some in 5%
formaldehyde, some frozen and (if possible) some should be cooled down on
ice for fast shipment to a microbiologist.
>
> 3.  If there are still healthy-looking animals around, collect some of
these too, so that their bacterial fauna can be compared with that of the
sick ones.
>
> 4.  If you have the time and the inclination, mark areas where the
mortality is occurring and areas where it does not seam to have reached yet.
Then monitor these areas by counting numbers of healthy, sick and dead
animals.
>
> 5.  Keep looking, even after the time that it seems that all the
Echinothrix is dead.  You may notice new ones emerging after a while (it
happened with Diadema antillarum).
>
> 6.  Don't expect the tests to stay around for very long.  They break down
to  unrecognizable ossicles in a matter of days (parrot fish may help).
>
> I hope that none of this will be necessary, because whatever is killing
the sea urchins at the Johnson Atoll will remain there.  Lindsay Hayes did a
great job of contacting people as soon as he realized that something was
amiss.  I wanted to spread the world around more widely in case things get
worse.
>
> Haris Lessios
>
> ****************************
> H.A. Lessios
> Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
> Balboa, Panama
>
> Telephone: +507/212-8708
> Fax: +507/212-8790 or 212-8791
> >From the US (domestic call): 202/786-2099 x 8708
> Mail address:
> >From the USA:
> Unit 0948
> APO AA 34002-0948
> >From elsewhere:
> Box 2072
> Balboa, Panama
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

--
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
Chief of NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and
Director of the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology

NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center
325 Broadway E/GC
Boulder, CO 80305-3328
Voice: 303-497-6172                  Fax: 303-497-6513
Internet: mark.eakin@noaa.gov
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  C. Mark Eakin <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
  Chief and Director of World Data Center for Paleoclimatology
  NOAA / NGDC
  Paleoclimatology Program

  C. Mark Eakin
  Chief and Director of World Data Center for  <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
  Paleoclimatology
  NOAA / NGDC
  Paleoclimatology Program
  325 Broadway, E/GCx3                         Fax: 303-497-6513
  Boulder                                      Work: 303-497-6172
  CO                                           Conference Software Address
  80305-3328                                   Specific Directory Server
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Eakin
  First Name    C. Mark
  Version       2.1

Subject: Re: Inquiry
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 14:00:16 -0600 (CST)
From: John Dawson <jdwsn@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu>
To: "C. Mark Eakin" <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
CC: "M.G. Visram" <shak@africaonline.co.ke>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

A more recent publication:

J. C. Bythell, P. Pan, J. Lee. Three-dimensional morphometric measurements
of reef corals using underwater photogrammetry techniques. Coral Reefs
(2001) 20: 193-199

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
John P. Dawson
Ph.D. candidate - Department of Geoscience
121 Trowbridge Hall | The University of Iowa | Iowa City, IA 52242
Tel: (319)-335-1805 | Fax: (319)-335-1821    | jdwsn@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

On Mon, 18 Mar 2002, C. Mark Eakin wrote:

> People have also used wax and dye dip methods that assume that the amount
of material retained on the skeleton is a
> reasonable estimate of surface area.  In the former, the wax adhering to
the skeleton is melted back off and weighed.  In the
> latter, the dye is suspended in a known volume of sovlent and tested
colorometrically.  There are also photographic
> techniques that might be applicable, but could be difficult to apply to P.
damicornis.  See the following:
>
> Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1988). "A method for determining the surface area of
corals." Coral Reefs 7(3): 113-116.
>
> Ben-Zion, M., Y. Achituv, et al. (1991). "A photographic, computerized
method for measurements of surface area in Millepora."
> Symbiosis 10: 115-121.
>
>
> "M.G. Visram" wrote:
>       Dear coral listers, Does anyone know of an accurate and reliable
method for estimating the areal density of
>       zooxanthellae in Pocillopora damicornis besides the use of tin-foil
paper, which I find neither acurate nor
>       practical for this species due to the thin and intricate branching
nature of the skeleton. many thanks, Shakil
>       Visram
>
> --
> C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
> Chief of NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and
> Director of the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology
>
> NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center
> 325 Broadway E/GC
> Boulder, CO 80305-3328
> Voice: 303-497-6172                  Fax: 303-497-6513
> Internet: mark.eakin@noaa.gov
> http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html
>
>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: NOAA Levies $112,000 in Penalties for Tortugas Reserve Violations
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 2002 15:23:00 -0500
From: "Cheva Heck" <Cheva.Heck@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: Coral List <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

For Immediate Release: March 14, 2002

Contact:    Cheva Heck
                   Public Affairs Officer
                   Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
                   305.292.0311
                   305.304.0179 (cell)

NOAA Levies $112,000 in Penalties for First Tortugas Ecological Reserve
Violations

Key West, Florida     National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
attorneys have issued citations totaling $112,000 in the first eight cases
against vessels charged with poaching in the highly protected waters of the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuarys Tortugas Ecological Reserve.

We hope the substantial penalties in these cases send the message that NOAA
will not stand by while an unscrupulous few raid the waters of the Tortugas
Ecological Reserve, said Sanctuary Superintendent Billy Causey. We thank
our partners, the United States Coast Guard and the Florida Fish and
Wildlife Conservation Commission, for their assistance in ensuring that
law-abiding citizens will see the reserves benefits become a reality.

Three of the eight cases involve shrimp boats observed by a United States
Coast Guard cutter in the Tortugas North section of the reserve on January
22nd, 2002.

A $20,000 citation was issued against Donald Tomko, operator, and G.F.
Partnership, owner, of the Fishing Vessel (F/V) Green Flash of Ft. Myers,
Florida. In addition, 1,773 lbs. of shrimp were seized and sold.

A $20,000 citation was issued against Paul Mendres, operator, and
Perseverance I LLC, owner, of the F/V Perseverance I of Ft. Myers, FL. In
addition, 2,503 lbs. of shrimp were seized and sold. The Green Flash and the
Perseverance I share the same owners, operating under different corporate
names.

 A $12,000 citation was issued against Son Truong Vo, operator, and Nhan
Tran, owner, of the F/V Daylight II of Bayou La Batre, Alabama. In addition,
1,062 lbs. of shrimp were seized and sold.

A fourth Coast Guard case made on January 24, 2002 in Tortugas North
resulted in a $12,000 citation against Paul Van Thai, owner/operator of the
F/V Mayflower of DIberville, Mississippi. In addition, 5,207 lbs. of shrimp
were seized and sold.

On February 1, 2002, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)
officers made cases against two vessels fishing for reef fish (such as
snapper and grouper) in Tortugas North:

 A $12,000 citation was issued against Ernesto Oliver, operator, and Elio
Quesada, owner of the F/V 3 Hermanos of Key West, Florida. In addition,
1,123 lbs. of mixed reef fish were seized and sold.

 A $12,000 citation was issued against Roberto Rojas, Jr., owner/operator
of the F/V El Cheve of Key West, Florida. In addition, 1,047 lbs. of mixed
reef fish were seized and sold.

NOAA attorneys charged all six vessels with fishing in Tortugas North,
entering Tortugas North without a permit and anchoring in Tortugas North
without a permit.

FWC officers made two additional cases  on January 26, 2002 in the Tortugas
South section of the reserve.

 A $12,000 citation was issued against Jose L. Miranda Corrales, operator,
and Pablo and Pedro Rioseco, owners, of the F/V Francisco of Key West,
Florida. In addition, the vessel abandoned 33 lbs. of yellowtail snapper.

 A $12,000 citation was issued against Horacio Gonzalez, owner/operator of
the F/V El Sol of Key West, Florida. In addition, the vessel abandoned 239
lbs. of mixed reef fish.

NOAA attorneys charged the two vessels with fishing in Tortugas South,
entering Tortugas South and failing to maintain continuous transit, and
anchoring in Tortugas South.

The Tortugas reserve was established through a collaborative process in
which commercial fishermen played a major role. The commercial fishing
industry has had plenty of time to learn about the regulations, said NOAA
attorney Robin Jung.  These cases should serve as a warning. In the future,
penalties will most likely be even higher.

Regulations in the federal waters of the Tortugas Ecological Reserve took
effect March 8, 2001, and rules in state waters followed on July 1, 2001.
The entire reserve is closed to fishing and anchoring. Vessels may enter
Tortugas North via a free, no-paperwork access permit.  Visitors may dive in
Tortugas North, and mooring boys are available.

Vessels may enter Tortugas South only if they maintain continuous transit
through the area with fishing gear stowed. Diving and snorkeling are
prohibited. For more information on the Tortugas Ecological Reserve, visit
the Sanctuarys web site at http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov or call
305.292.0311.
#####


Subject: Re: Inquiry
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 2002 03:32:36 -0600
From: Joshua Feingold <joshua@nova.edu>
To: "M.G. Visram" <shak@africaonline.co.ke>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Shakil,

I have had good success with the "wax method" to determine the surface
area=
=20
of complex shapes like the branches of Pocillopora.

The basic method is to dry the coral to a constant weight, then dip it
in=20
melted paraffin (paraplast), let the wax harden and then weigh the
coral=20
and wax again. The surface area will be proportional to the increase
in=20
weight. I used this technique on Psammocora and in standardization
trials=20
found that wax weight was significantly correlated to coral surface area
(p=
=20
<< 0.001, r =3D 0.996).

This method was originally described and used on Pocillopora in Glynn
&=20
D'Croz (1990) Experimental evidence for high temperature stress as
the=20
cause of the El Ni=F1o-coincident coral mortality. Coral Reefs,
8:181-191.

Cheers,

Joshua Feingold
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
Dania Beach, Florida, USA

At 09:49 AM 03/16/2002 +0300, you wrote:
>Dear coral listers,
>
>Does anyone know of an accurate and reliable method for estimating the=20
>areal density of zooxanthellae in Pocillopora damicornis besides the use=20
>of tin-foil paper, which I find neither acurate nor practical for this=20
>species due to the thin and intricate branching nature of the skeleton.
>
>many thanks,
>
>Shakil Visram
>
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: repeat message
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 2002 13:44:56 -0500
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
To: David Tapley <dtapley@salemstate.edu>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Sorry, I didn't mean to intimate the whole problem lies with the senders.  I
think it is also a problem with the mail queue, the priority of the messages
(set
by majordomo), and probably the nature of the actual server being so old.  I
sometimes look in the queue and see that some messages are a week old--for
some
reason they weren't able to make it out.  We are transitioning to a new
server,
so hopefully the problem will go away soon.

Thanks for your patience.

    cheers,
    Jim

David Tapley wrote:

> I'm not sure if you are aware of this, but I too receive late
> messages from time to time, and I assume several others do as well.
>
> It has happened maybe three times since I subscribed a few months ago.
>
> Here is what happens: I start receiving messages from anywhere to a
> few hours to several weeks old, one every few minutes. I have a
> cluttered inbox, so I usually don't know it's happening until I see a
> message arrive, but it's nowhere to be seen until I scroll up a
> hundred messages or so and lo and behold, there it is, and there are
> some other messages I didn't know where there. I then keep wathcing
> as I check mail, and the derlayed messages trickle in for a day or
> two.
>
> So I don't think the problem is with an individual sender or
> recipient, it seems to be with the listserver. In this last bout I'd
> estimate I received about thirty very delayed messages within a day
> or two.
>
> Coral-list is the only list among the several to which I belong that
> exhibits this phenomenon.
>
> Hope this helps.
>
> David
> ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-
> David W. Tapley                vox: 978-542-6381
> Assistant Professor            fax: 978-542-6863
> Introductory Biology Coordinator
> Department of Biology
> Salem State College
> 352 Lafayette St.
> Salem, MA 01970           dtapley@salemstate.edu
> ~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: phd studentship; Durham, UK
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 2002 19:03:14 -0000
From: "Ben Horton" <b.p.horton@durham.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>

NERC Industrial Case Fellowship 2002: Sea-level change and coastal
evolution: impacts on Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia.

This Project has been awarded a NERC Industrial Case Studentship. For more
information on how to apply, please contact Dr Ben Horton, Department of
Geography, University of Durham, UK. Tel (+44 191) 374 2486;
B.P.Horton@Durham.ac.uk;
http://www.geography.dur.ac.uk/postgrad_info/index.html

Deadline for applications: 9th April 2002

Supervisors: Dr Benjamin P. Horton, Professor Ian Shennan (University of
Durham); Dr Charlotte Bryant (NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory); and Dr Tim Coles
(Operation Wallacea Ltd).

Detrimental changes to the marine environment, whether related to factors
such as altered anthropogenic practices or climate variations, are a major
concern to all those involved in research into, or the preservation of,
modern reefs and their associated biota. Natural influences, such as
tectonics and relative sea- level (RSL) change, have had a major effect on
the marine environment and reef development through time. It is only through
knowledge of past environmental change and influencing factors that we can
hope to understand and quantify modern changes and human impact on the
environment. Any changes to the marine environment of Wakatobi Marine
National Park would affect the conservation value of the area, damage
ecosystems and concern the dive and research tourism, and back-packer market
of Operation Wallacea Ltd.

The fieldwork will consist of 2 summer seasons within Wakotobi National
Park, Indonesia, with subsequent analysis based at the University of Durham.
The aims of this work are to:
(1) To develop a quantitative palaeoenvironmental reconstruction technique
that can be used to provide accurate reconstructions of Holocene sea-level
history from a variety of sedimentary environments;
(2) To generate a high-resolution age model that can be combined with
precise reconstruction of former sea levels to examine decadal to century
scale fluctuations of sea-level change;
(3) To evaluate controlling factors, such as sea-level rise, influencing
modern marine environments, thereby allowing evaluation of processes
affecting local and regional carbonate and reef development of Wakatobi
Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi.

Subject: RE: Black Water
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 2002 14:55:57 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-List:

A.G.Mayor (1902) reported a phenomenon referred to as "black water" that
nearly eliminated all the staghorn corals (Acropora cervicornis) at
Loggerhead Key in the Dry Tortugas, Florida in 1878.  I bring this
reference
to the attention of the coral-list because of a moving area of "black
water"
that is presently being observed in the Gulf of Mexico off the southwest
coast of Florida.  I have attached clips and pieces of recent news
highlights regarding this ongoing event below.  To those working on
reefs of
Florida this will be interesting to follow.

cheers,

Bill

William F. Precht
ecological sciences Program Manager
PBS&J

see  AG Mayor (1902) The Tortugas as a station for research in biology.
Science 17:190-192
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------
Scientists intrigued by mysterious 'black water' phenomenon; collection
of
samples to begin today

Tuesday, March 19, 2002   Naples Daily News
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/03/naples/d720561a.htm

By CATHY ZOLLO, crzollo@naplesnews.com

MARATHON KEY - Scientists, environmentalists and fishermen agreed Monday
that there needs to be aggressive research into what caused the black
water
phenomenon over recent months in the Gulf of Mexico.

Researchers for Mote Marine Laboratory and Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary will try today to collect samples of the water that's been
trapped
in some areas of the Keys. Mote will send the samples to Florida Marine
Research Institute for testing.

Fishermen who've spent a lifetime on the water say they've never seen
anything like the black mass of water that is now breaking up in the
reefs
and churning waters where the gulf meets the Atlantic.

Most of the mass, which was first discovered south of Marco Island and
heading south en masse, has dissipated in recent days, fishermen report.

"It's still in the islands, still in the water. It's just mixed," said
Tim
Daniels, 58, and a fourth generation Keys fisherman.

Now they say they're worried about what the fallout from its passage
through
sensitive habitat will be.

Others wonder if they might be seeing some of its effects already.

Since January when fishermen first noticed the black water, volunteers
and
researchers at Hidden Harbor Marine Environmental Project in Marathon
Key
say they've seen five turtles come in with unexplained pneumonia.

The hospital takes in distressed and dying sea turtles, rehabilitates
them
and then releases them into the wild when that is possible.

Oddly, the turtles seem only to have eaten sea sponges even though their
diet is much more varied, said Richie Moretti, director of the project.

"It's like there's nothing else out there for them to eat," said Sue
Schaf,
animal and education coordinator for the project.

Fishermen noted that rafts of dead plants from the seabed followed the
black
water's movement through Florida Bay and into the Keys. They find the
loss
of habitat troubling,

"You change the cycle of something in nature, and that's not good," said
Rich Stiglitz, 48, who has been fishing the Keys since 1969.

He and other fishermen have been watching the results of one imbalance
that
has left them with vast numbers of sea urchins chewing up sea grass and
leaving no habitat for marine life behind. Researchers don't know what's
causing the sea urchin boom.

That phenomenon, growing in scope for more than a decade, is slowly
taking
over Florida Bay, Daniels said.

Dr. Ellen Prager, associate dean of the Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science at the University of Miami, traveled to the Keys on
Monday to have a look for herself and said fishermen's descriptions of
the
water sound like some kind of algae or bacteria bloom.

"Different organisms can create different blooms in different ways in
different colors," Prager said.

And this bloom, if that's what it is, could be the ocean-going
equivalent of
a 100 years flood, said Dr. Charles Messing, a professor and marine
biologist from Nova Southeastern University.

"It may be something we've never seen before," he said.

That a bloom might move south from the Naples area and down through the
Keys
was not unusual, said Brian Keller, science coordinator for the Keys
Sanctuary, but he said the black water is, and it has their interest.

"At this stage, we just don't have a good idea of the source of the
water,"
he said. Its collection and testing is the beginning.

Hindering the search for a cause will be the many factors at play in the
gulf at the time the phenomenon showed up, Messing said.

Those variables include the temperature, salinity and chemical
composition
of the water and how it was moving.

Environmentalists in the Keys said with one voice that more money needs
to
go into funding research.

"We never have enough money," said Nancy Klingenger, Florida Keys
program
manager for the Ocean Conservancy. "Ocean ecosystems are so complex.
It's so
difficult to learn about them."

Other environmentalists also said the public should demand funding for
research, but DeeVon Quirolo, executive director of Reef Relief, a
worldwide
grass-roots organization dedicated to protecting coral reefs, said
governments already know some of what they need to do, but the impetus
to do
it must come from public outcry.

"We do know that the amount of pollution that is increasing in our
oceans
needs to be reduced so we can have healthy, clean oceans. Policy-makers
have
to take steps."

Fishermen aren't optimistic that a solution is on the horizon. They've
been
reporting to scientists and government agencies for years about urchins
gobbling up the sea grass habitat only to be told it's being studied.

Part of the problem, Daniels said, is the lack of communication between
fishermen and the people who study the oceans.

"They don't want that tag on their work," he said, "that commercial
fishermen helped them."
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

Editorial: Experts should urgently plunge into 'black water'

Tuesday, March 19, 2002
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/03/perspective/d710558a.htm

The Naples Daily News

GULF OF MEXICO
Experts should urgently plunge into 'black water'

Black water.

Most of us have never heard of it. Of more concern, supposed scientific
experts from public agencies who are supposed to keep abreast of such
phenomenon, do not know what is going on.

Now that it has been on the front page - ours, on Sunday - environmental
and
public health agencies will be hard pressed to ignore a huge patch of
the
Gulf of Mexico between Collier County and the Florida Keys where fish
and
other wildlife have been dying off for months. Until now, concerns of
commercial fisherman, some of whom have reported strange and serious
skin
diseases, have been easy to cast aside because they lack a big, powerful
lobby.

Answers are of extra urgency due to today's headlines about national
security. A spate of red tides and the idea of a marine counterpart to a
black hole in space imperiling underwater sanctuaries prompt additional
public interest.

Answers are in order. Given all the bureaucratic firepower lined up for
such
jobs, newly alerted experts ought to leap into action.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
Commercial fishermen demand answers to 'black water' mystery

Sunday, March 17, 2002    Naples Daily News
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/03/naples/d599686a.htm

By CATHY ZOLLO, crzollo@naplesnews.com

Commercial fishermen along the Southwest Florida coast are reporting a
massive dead zone that is almost devoid of marine life in an area of the
Gulf of Mexico traditionally known as a rich fishing ground.

They've dubbed it black water, and they're demanding that local, state
and
national government agencies find out what's causing it.

Scientists who have heard of the phenomenon say they, too, need answers.

"It's killed a lot of the bottom because recently a lot of little bottom
plants are coming to the surface dead and rotten out in the Gulf," said
Tim
Daniels, 58, a Marathon Key fish-spotting pilot who has been flying over
the
Gulf for more than 20 years.

Like Daniels, fishermen with decades on the water say they've often seen
red
tide but they've never seen anything like this - it doesn't have a foul
smell, it isn't red tide and it isn't oil. They describe it as viscous
and
slimy water with what looks like spider webs in it.

First sighted in January, the mass of black-colored water reached from
20
miles north of Marathon Key halfway to Naples. It stretched west almost
20
miles into the Gulf of Mexico. Fishermen don't know if it's moved in
from
the north or offshore or if it originated in the coastal waters off
Southwest Florida.

Though somewhat smaller now than descriptions from January, the mass of
water that is still quite large is moving into the Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary.

Created by Congress in 1990, the 2,800-square-mile Sanctuary adjacent to
the
Keys is the largest coral reef in the United States. It includes the
productive waters of Florida Bay, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic
Ocean.

Part of the ecosystem is an extensive nursery, feeding and breeding
ground
that supports a variety of marine species and a multimillion-dollar
fishing
industry that brings in almost 20 million pounds of seafood each year.

Billy Causey, superintendent of the Sanctuary, told the Naples Daily
News
recently that there is real concern in the scientific community about
the
overall health of the Gulf.

Causey said contributing to the problems afflicting the shallow body is
global warming, extended periods when the Gulf waters aren't cooling in
the
winter, and the growing impact of human activity along coastlines.

"What we're seeing is part of a bigger picture," Causey said. "We're
seeing
accelerated problems around periods of elevated temperatures."

Those problems, beginning in the early 1980s, include more frequent and
longer lasting coral bleaching events that by 1990 were affecting
stouter
coral reefs closer to shore and more adapted to wide temperature swings.

"There are places that are still beautiful but the shallow reefs would
make
you cry," said Causey, a Keys diver since the 1950s.

Scientists with Mote Marine Laboratory based in Sarasota said they are
aware
of the black water phenomenon but hadn't yet been able to test water
samples.

Erich Bartels, staff biologist at the Lab's Center for Tropical Research
in
the Keys, said he'd only seen samples too old for testing that were
brought
in by crabbers.

"If you held it up to the light, it had a blackish tint to it," he said.
"...If you have black water, there is something going on. It's some kind
of
dead zone. We just don't know. We're trying to get samples."

Mote is willing to send out testing kits to fishermen who might
encounter
the black water zone, but Bartels said in the absence of a kit,
fishermen
could put a sample in a clean bottle and keep it in a cool, dark place
until
they could get it to a lab.

Karen Steidinger, senior biology research scientist for the Florida
Marine
Research Institute in St. Petersburg, said she hadn't yet heard about
the
phenomenon. She said there's a summer release of brown water from the
Shark
River about 35 miles south of Marco Island, but she doubted the black
water
was that. The description relayed to her from fishermen didn't allow her
to
speculate on a cause.

Steidinger said samples of the water that had been properly handled
would
provide the best answer.

Black water surfaces

Daniels said he first noticed the black water when he went out in
mid-January, ahead of kingfish season, to see what fishermen had in
store
for 2002.

When he was flying over water that was 50 feet deep and north of the
Keys,
Daniels began to notice a change in the water color.

"I thought, 'What in the world is going on here?"' Daniels said. "I went
out
to the northwest and it was solid black. And I went to the west to get
off
of it - out to 70 or 80 feet of water north of the Marquesas (Islands) -
and
it was still there. I came back in and turned north of Key West and it
went
north. (More than) halfway to Naples from Key West, it was black across
the
whole place."

Although there are almost no fish in the zone, Daniels said, the few
that
fishermen found there - and other fish that entered the water - reacted
strangely.

"You'd see them here and there, but they were jumping and running, not
stopping - and acting different," Daniels said. "Like they didn't want
to be
there."

Other pilots and fishermen report the same.

Mike Richardson, based out of Everglades City, has been fish-spotting
for 25
of his 50 years and said next to the normally green water, the black
water
stands out like night versus day.

He's quit flying over it.

"There's no sense going into it," he said. "You can't see anything."

He hasn't seen dead fish in the water, though there have been numerous
large
fish kills in recent months off Southwest Florida. Most, according to
the
Florida Marine Research Institute, have been attributed to red tide - a
naturally occurring microscopic organism in the water.

Fishermen like Howie Grimm, 42, who has been in the business out of
Everglades City since he was 15, insist the black water isn't red tide.

"It's something totally different from anything I've seen," Grimm said.
"We
have to figure out what it is. There's no fish in it. It's like dead
water."

Richardson, too, has seen plenty of red tide, whose origins are still
not
fully understood by scientists.

"This is not like anything I've ever seen," he said.

When pilots from the air see boats move through a red tide zone, they
often
cut the reddish or brownish water to reveal green below.

That doesn't occur in the black water.

"This (dark) stuff goes all the way to the bottom," Richardson said.

Boats that have 4 to 5 feet of hull below the surface cut through 35 to
40
feet of water and leave nothing but the same black water in their wakes.
It's the same at depths of 15 feet, he said.

"It didn't matter where they ran through it, nothing left a trail,"
Richardson said.

Grimm has reported the phenomenon to officials from the National Oceanic
and
Atmospheric Administration, but said he hasn't heard back yet.

That it's affected the fishery, commercial fishermen have no doubt.

"I've net-fished for mackerel all my life," Daniels said. "This is the
first
year that we haven't caught one Spanish mackerel in the Marathon area.
They're not there."

The southeast corner of Florida Bay, an area flushed by Atlantic waters,
is
the only place fishermen are catching mackerel, and they're doing it
with
hooks and lines, he said.

Symptoms of a sick Gulf?

Along with the newly discovered black water and coral bleaching, there
have
been other problems with the Gulf that have been documented for years.

They include a New Jersey-sized dead zone coming off the Mississippi
River
outlet to the Gulf that consumes a larger area each summer.

There are incidences of a contamination known as fibro papiloma in green
turtles that live in Florida Bay.

And now fishermen from Fort Myers Beach to the Keys wonder if there
might be
new problems to worry about.

They said there have been bigger fish kills that aren't making it onto
government reports. The largest, many say, occurred late last year about
30
miles off Tampa Bay. It had shrimpers pulling up netloads of dead and
decaying fish off the bottom, they said.

Some shrimpers based on Fort Myers Beach worry that a recent and
unexplained
slew of flesh-destroying infections they've seen among their number may
be
related to problems in the Gulf.

The infection is diagnosed as cellulitis in three of their medical
reports.
They say it begins with a blister on the skin but swells to a large
nodule
before it erupts and then spreads. It can only be treated with stout
antibiotics.

It was mentioned by fisherman David Wellsley on CenterPoint, a 7 a.m.
Sunday
radio talk show hosted by Gary Burris and Ralf Brooks on WNOG-AM 1200
and
1270. Dan Basta, director of the National Marine Sanctuary program, will
be
the guest today, along with pilot Daniels, discussing the black water
phenomenon as well as other problems with the Gulf.

Two of the Fort Myers Beach fishermen who suffered the infections are
Kevin
Flanaghan, who nearly lost his foot, and Willie Sherwood. They work for
different fleets; both run out of Fort Myers Beach.

Both of them and others say there is fear among laborers in their line
of
work about the infection that seems to follow cuts doused with waters
from
the Gulf.

Many report taking precautions such as bleaching their gear and washing
up
with heavy-duty anti-bacterial soap after pulling in their nets.

The fishermen contend it's a new phenomenon. But some boat owners and
local
health officials speculated that the fishermen's compromising way of
life -
the drinking, long-term exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays and weeks
at
sea when they are never dry - is the culprit for their infections.

The men won't lie about their lifestyles. They admit living from
paycheck to
paycheck, partying and drinking - then cleaning up for the most part
when
they're at sea.

They call it coming off the hill. They'll work for 20 days or more
catching
fish - and then spend the money they earn in a few days ashore.

But they also say folks in their line of work have been doing that for
decades without the fear of this sort of infection.

Ray Hoggard, 49, is among the many who say the infection is a hot topic.

"It's common talk on the ship-to-ship radios," he said.

A few times in recent weeks, boats have had to bring in for treatment
some
men who were stricken.

"It's a hell of a coincidence or something's up," Hoggard said.

Grant Erickson, 48, owner of Fort Myers' Erickson and Jensen Seafood,
has a
fleet of eight boats. He said he, too, hadn't seen the likes of these
infections in the business that his family has been in for a
half-century.

"It seems like there's something on the bottom ... these boats (nets)
drag
the bottom," he said. "I don't think it's the lifestyle of the fishermen
that's changed. If anything it's better than years past. There's nothing
new
except the infections."

Dr. Mark Brown, an infectious disease specialist in Naples, said without
seeing and testing the infections there is no way to identify the
organism
or organisms that caused them.

He said the next logical step would be for someone to do an
epidemiological
study of the fishermen to compare them to a control group to find out
what's
causing the infections.

Unless doctors are culturing the bug to see what it is, they may never
find
out, Brown said.

"They need to find out if they all have the same bug," Brown said.
"They're
going to have to try harder to make a microbiological diagnosis of what
germ
is causing this. . . They may not even be looking."

Health officials from Lee County, where the affected fisherman are
based,
said they investigate any of more than 70 communicable diseases and any
odd
health-related occurrence.

"We need to gather a lot of information," said Dr. Judith Hartner,
director
of the Lee County Health Department. "The first step is somebody needs
to
report it."

Three doctors who've seen the affected men said they didn't culture the
organism that caused the infection.

Brown said the symptoms of the infection - the swelling, fast pace and
flesh-destroying nature as reported by the fishermen - sounds like
Vibrio
vulnificus, a common seagoing organism. However, he didn't speculate on
why
or if it might be on the rise among fishermen.

According to a Johns Hopkins University Web site, the bug frequents
areas
where the water temperature remains high throughout the year and are
most
abundant in summer. The infection progresses at a rapid pace and can be
fatal.

Hartner said her agency needs to answer a number of questions before
deciding if the infections warrant investigation.

"Do the fishermen think it's unusual?" she asked. "If we do an
investigation
and we find out the cause, is there anything we can do to prevent it? We
don't know that it's on the rise. It could be coincidence."
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Invitation to ITMEMS 2
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2002 12:35:23 +0800
From: Secretariat <secretariat@icriforum.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Colleagues,

As you may be aware of the ongoing preparations for the Second
International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium (ITMEMS)
to be organized by the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) in
Manila, Philippines on November 25-28, 2002, we are initially generating
interest of participation among coastal management teams and managers as
well as proposals for Case Studies on management practices at the
global, regional and local levels.

To make sure that ITMEMS 2 covers a range of relevant experiences,
management practices and lessons learned from local community of
developing countries to advanced technological applications in develop
countries, it is the key objective of the ITMEMS 2 Organizing Committee
to bring to as many network and program coastal managers and experts
information on the holding of this event.  The ICRI Organizing and
Program Committees for ITMEMS 2 wish to solicit your assistance in
disseminating the First Call for ITMEMS 2 to networks and contacts
involved in coastal management in your country/area or regional unit to
participate in multi-disciplinary discussions during concurrent workshop
sessions and propose exemplary Case Studies on management of tropical
ecosystems for presentation. Proposals  should illustrate successes or
inadequacies in management experiences.

It is the aim of the Symposium to identify gaps and priorities for
future management actions. Moreover, Symposium output and
recommendations will be disseminated through ICRI member countries,
partners and donor agencies for consideration in the implementation of
management programs at all levels.

Should you wish to know more about the organization of ITMEMS 2,
information is available on web at www.icriforum.org .

We would appreciate nomination from you or any assistance you could
extend in disseminating this important information to your colleagues.
Thank you.

     Sincerely,

     ROBERT S. JARA
     National Coordinator
     Philippines

[Image]

SECOND INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL MARINE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM

(2nd ITMEMS)

Manila, Philippines

25-28 November, 2002

                         Organized by the: International Coral Reef
Initiative (ICRI) and
                          Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR)

Tropical marine ecosystems are under increasing pressure from many
sources, including coastal land use and development, pollution,
unsustainable fishing and tourism and the impacts of global climate
change. Therefore, effective management that promotes sustainable use of
marine resources is essential. The 2nd International Tropical Marine
Ecosystems Management Symposium (2nd ITMEMS) will provide an opportunity
for managers to engage in multidisciplinary discussions and sharing of
experiences and lessons learned to identify gaps and priorities for
future management action.

The output and recommendations from the symposium will be disseminated
through the partners of ICRI (including member countries, the
International Coral Reef Action Network, IUCN, UNEP, WWF, the World
Bank, donor agenices, etc.) and considered in the implementation of
management programs for tropical ecosystems at local, national, regional
and global levels.

The 2nd ITMEMS will be conducted through a number of concurrent
workshops that address the topics listed below. Each workshop will start
with presentations of exemplary case studies that illustrate relevant
experiences and lessons learned either by their successes or, equally
important, their inadequacies. These will form as bases for subsequent
facilitated discussions that aim to achieve clear recommendations and
priorities for the management of tropical ecosystems in the future. The
results of each workshop will then be reported to all participants and
discussed in plenary sessions. The number of participants in each
workshop group will be limited to approximately 20.

Preliminary topics for workshop sessions:

- co-management and social impacts of marine and coastal management;
- economic benefits of conservation and sustainable use;
- the role of the private sector in protection and management;
- the role of protected areas and management;
- monitoring to facilitate successful management;
- management to mitigate the effects of climate change;
- dissemination of information for coastal and marine management;
- targeted research for management support;
- securing sustainable funding for management;
- restoration and rehabilitation of damaged ecosystems; and
- achieving sustainable fisheries.

The Organising Committee welcomes nominations of case studies (deadline
30th of April, 2002) that effectively illustrate relevant experiences
and lessons learned in each of the topics. In addition, we are aiming to
present examples from throughout the world and those of which have been
implemented on a range of geographic scales from local to global. Also,
feel free to contribute comments on the preliminary selection of topics
and suggestions for the inclusion of additional topics. Case studies
that facilitate the achievement of the goals of the symposium most
effectively will then be invited for oral presentation.

Cost of registration will be announced closer to the event.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

ITMEMS 2 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST FORM

NAME               :
____________________________________________________
AFFILIATION/ :  ____________________________________________________
INSTITUTION
ADDRESS       :  ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________
E-MAIL             :
____________________________________________________

Topics of Most Interest (feel free to list more than one)

Suggestion for Additional Topics

Suggestion for Case Studies

________

Please fax completed form to ICRI  Secretariat: +63 2 928 1225 / +63 2
926 2693 or e-mail to: secretariat@icriforum.org or
olof.linden@cordio.org

--

--
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)

Joint Philippine-Sweden Secretariat
2nd/F FASPO Bldg.
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
Visayas Ave., Diliman, Quezon City, 1101
Philippines
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: NOAA Moves to Strengthen Protections for NW Hawaiian Islands coral
     ecosystem
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2002 08:52:21 -0500
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

For distribution - Apologies for cross-postings

News Release
3/18/2002 09:57 AM
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOAA MOVES TO STRENGTHEN PROTECTIONS FOR NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
Ocean Agency Unveils Four Actions to Protect Corals, Designate Reserve as
National Marine Sanctuary

The Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) is announcing today four inter-related actions to protect marine life
and the pristine condition of the ecosystem of the Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands.  The agency's aim is to maintain strong protections for the
nation's largest coral reef area and begin the process for designating the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve (Reserve) as a
National Marine Sanctuary.

"The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, which contain approximately 70 percent
of the nation's coral reefs, will be protected under this comprehensive
proposal," said retired Navy VADM Conrad Lautenbacher, Undersecretary of
Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere.  "It's a great opportunity to safeguard
this vibrant coral reef ecosystem for long-term environmental and economic
benefits."

Designating the Reserve as a National Marine Sanctuary would enable
comprehensive and coordinated management of the area.  The Reserve would be
the nation's 14th National Marine Sanctuary, becoming part of a system
of sanctuaries around the country.

"The National Marine Sanctuaries are our nation's best vehicles for marine
protection, in terms of ecosystem management, research, education and
enforcement," said Robert Smith, NOAA's Reserve Coordinator for the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Reserve.  "Public input is critical
to planning for the future of this remote and fragile marine wilderness.
From the outset, the public will be participants in considering how best to
conserve biological, historical and cultural resources of global
significance for future generations."

The first set of actions is aimed at providing long term management of the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands marine resources.  They include:
* Initiating the process for designating the Reserve as a National Marine
Sanctuary
* Issuing the draft Reserve Operations Plan for public comment

The sanctuary proposal begins with a public scoping process that solicits
information and comments from the public on the range and significance of
issues related to the designation and management of the proposed
sanctuary. The results of this scoping process will assist NOAA in drafting
a management plan and an environmental impact statement. Scoping will be
held for 60 days with public meetings beginning in April.

Under the Sanctuaries Act, the Western Pacific Fishery Management Council
will have an opportunity to develop draft fishery regulations as part of the
sanctuary designation process.

The executive order creating the Reserve calls for a Reserve Operation Plan,
which provides a guide for management of the Reserve during the sanctuary
designation process.  The draft plan addresses priority issues such as
marine debris, cultural resources and enforcement. The draft Reserve
Operations Plan is now available for public review and comment
for sixty days. The final plan is expected shortly thereafter.

Other measures include:
* Release of the Western Pacific Fishery Management Council's Coral Reef
Ecosystem Fishery Management Plan (CREFMP) for public comment
* Release of a final rule concerning the harvest of precious corals

The Coral Reef Ecosystem Fishery Management Plan seeks to foster sustainable
use of coral reef ecosystem resources in an ecologically and culturally
sensitive manner; minimize adverse human impacts on coral
reef ecosystems through establishment of marine protected areas; and provide
for sustainable participation by fishing communities in the ecosystem
fisheries.  It was approved by the Western Pacific Fishery Management
Council in June 2001, and is the first ecosystem-based fishery management
plan to be developed under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and
Management Act.  Its release for public comment is the third step in
developing a broad ecosystem-based management approach to the marine assets
of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.

Some provisions of the CREFMP appear to be in conflict with the management
regime for the Reserve and may require further action.  The public has until
5 p.m. on May 18, 2002, to comment on the proposed plan to NOAA's
National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA Fisheries).

The fourth part of the ecosystem-based strategy is a series of six
management measures developed by the Western Pacific Fishery Management
Council that update the  council's regulations implementing the Fishery
Management Plan for Precious Corals.  The measures set gear restrictions,
size limits and definitions governing the harvest of precious-coral
resources.  Additionally, as required by the management regime for the
Reserve, the harvesting of precious coral from the Reserve will be
prohibited.  The regulations will become effective April 17, 2002.

"Currently, there is very little harvesting under way in this pristine part
of our marine environment," said Charles Karnella, director of the NOAA
Fisheries Pacific Islands Area Office.   "These management measures will
help keep this area the valuable resource it is today."

Comments on the proposed sanctuary designation and draft Reserve Operations
Plan may be submitted to NOAA at any of the public scoping meetings, or in
writing to the following address:

Aulani Wilhelm, 6700 Kalanianaole Highway, #215, Honolulu, Hawaii 96825;
or
via email at nwhi@noaa.gov.

Written comments on the proposed Coral Reef Ecosystems Fishery Management
Plan may be sent to:

Dr. Charles Karnella, Administrator; Pacific Islands Office, NOAA
Fisheries; 1161 Kapiolani Blvd. Suite 110; Honolulu, HI 96815.

NOAA Fisheries is dedicated to protecting and preserving our nation's living
marine resources through scientific research, management, enforcement, and
conservation of o our marine mammals and other protected
marine species and their habitat.  To learn more about NOAA Fisheries,
please visit http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov

NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS) is dedicated to exploring,
understanding, conserving and restoring the nation's coasts and oceans. NOS
balances environmental protection with economic prosperity in fulfilling its
mission of promoting safe navigation, supporting coastal communities,
sustaining coastal habitats and mitigating coastal hazards.
To learn more about NOS, please visit http://www.nos.noaa.gov


  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: GIS/computer specialist Charleston
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2002 09:51:31 -0500
From: "Laura Kracker" <Laura.Kracker@noaa.gov>
Organization: USDOC/NOAA/NOS/NCCOS/CCEHBR at Charleston
To: anselin@uiuc.edu, hildebrandsg@ornl.gov, zachariat@ornl.gov,
     dawn@dusk.geo.orst.edu, Cynthia Cooksey <Cynthia.Cooksey@noaa.gov>,
     ECOLOG-L@LISTSERV.UMD.EDU, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
     EnvJobs-L@envlib4.harvard.edu, gaia@aag.org, jwaters@westga.edu,
     Daveo@CLEMSON.EDU, dabolt.thomas@epa.gov, hankin@pmel.noaa.gov,
     dmartin@tpmcscituate.com, Tony Lavoi <Tony.Lavoi@noaa.gov>,
     porter@sc.edu

Please post or forward attached job description as appropriate.  Thank
you!

Laura Kracker

_____________

Title: GIS/Computer Specialist

Organization:  NOAA/National Ocean Service - Center for Coastal
Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research
Position Type: Contract Position
Hourly Rate:    $14.71 per hr. plus benefits

Desirable Qualifications:
       Strong computer skills, ability to work as part of a team, good
verbal
and written communication skills
       Experience with GIS software and applications, Unix, Database
Software
(e.g. Oracle, Access), SQL, C++, Visual Basic, and Environmental
Databases
       Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and familiarity with
environmental applications OR
       Bachelor's degree in Geography or Environmental Science and
experience
with GIS software and applications

Responsibilities:
                The incumbent will be primarily responsible for identifying
data
sources and data conversion techniques, accessing commonly used GIS data
layers, and managing spatial data and metadata specific to project
needs.  The work involves managing and mapping spatial and tabular data,
performing spatial analysis using GIS, managing relational databases,
and accessing and processing data available in a variety of formats from
various sources. Data manipulation tasks may involve reformatting data,
assisting partners in meeting data format requirements, spatially
enabling tabular data, processing in-situ and remotely sensed data.
Incumbent will be responsible for documenting the source, evolution, and
quality of data.  Additional responsibilities will include developing
capabilities and applications for serving spatial data over the Internet
and computer programming in support of ecological modeling. This
position requires an understanding of GIS software and a variety of data
processing and computing tasks.

To Apply: FAX Resume to (843) 762-8700 ATTN: Nancy Davey

--
Laura M. Kracker, Phd.
Research Scientist/GIS Specialist
Center for Coastal Environmental Health
  and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR)
NOAA/National Ocean Service
219 Fort Johnson Road
Charleston, SC 29412-9100
Phone:  843-762-8640
Fax:    843-762-8700
e-mail: laura.kracker@noaa.gov
http://www.chbr.noaa.gov
---------------------------------------------

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Subject: clairification on Coral Reef Ecosystem Studies RFP
Date: Wed, 20 Mar 2002 11:41:34 -0500
From: "Ruth Kelty" <Ruth.Kelty@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Corallisters,

After getting several calls asking about the Coral Reef Ecosystem Study
(CRES) RFP announced a two weeks ago, I am writing to clarify that the
CRES funding opportunity is separate from the NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program.   The Coral Reef Conservation Program (part of the
Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000) authorizes NOAA to make grants of
financial assistance for coral reef conservation activities.  That FRN,
with the 2002 implementation guidelines, has not yet been published.

The CRES RFP is being solicited by the CSCOR Coastal Ocean Program and
is a competitive grant program supporting coral reef ecosystem studies
addressing causes of regional declines in coral abundance and
degradation of coral ecosystems.  The complete FY 2002 Federal Register
Notice for the Coral Reef Ecosystems Studies announcement of opportunity
can be viewed at http://www.cop.noaa.gov/funding.html.

Please call if you have questions.

-Ruth

--
Ruth Kelty, Ph.D.
National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1305 East-West Highway, SSMC 4, rm. 8215
Silver Spring, MD 20910
(301) 713-3020 x133 Fax (301) 713-4353

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Help Stop Reef Fish Overfishing in the U.S. Caribbean
Date: Thu, 21 Mar 2002 08:25:00 -0400
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Your Help Needed Before March 22nd!

March 20, 2002

Dear Friends:

I have signed onto ReefGuardian International's email Petition to Stop
Overfishing of U.S. Caribbean Reef Fish.  I hope you will do the same.

U.S. Caribbean snappers and groupers continue to be overexploited. Yet a
proposed federal rule would enthrone status quo reef fish catch levels.
This could doom many snapper and grouper species to population collapse
by keeping them from qualifying for badly needed rebuilding plans to
reverse their overfishing. Please join me in telling the National Marine
Fisheries Service to reject this rule.

Just go to
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFish/PetitionUSC.html.
and sign the Petition to Stop Overfishing of U.S. Caribbean Reef Fish.

Thanks a lot!

ALEX
Alexander Stone
2829 Bird Ave #5
Miami, FL  33133
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: RE: More on Black Water
Date: Thu, 21 Mar 2002 09:50:20 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
CC: "'gene carl feldman'" <gene@seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov>

Dear Coral-List:

More interesting news clips regarding "Black water"
-------------------------------------------------------
Satellite images show 'black water' progression, giving researchers some
clues

Thursday, March 21, 2002   Naples Daily News
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/03/bonita/d756292a.htm

By CATHY ZOLLO, crzollo@naplesnews.com

While researchers around the state continued detective work Wednesday into
what caused the mass of black water in Florida Bay, scientists from the
University of South Florida were putting together a picture of its
progression from satellite data.

Dr. Frank Muller-Karger and Dr. Chuanmin Hu, of the university's remote
sensing laboratory, said the pictures can't tell the whole story, but they
might give clues about the source of the water.

Hu said the black water first appeared on satellite images in mid-December
about 30 to 60 miles north of the Keys. At its peak in early February, it
was larger than Lake Okeechobee but began to diffuse into the surrounding
Gulf of Mexico waters in recent weeks.

Other scientists with the Florida Marine Research Institute in St.
Petersburg and the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota are testing samples of
the water to see if the chemicals, dissolved matter and organisms in it
might point to a source.

Results from those tests should begin coming in today, said Beverly Roberts,
research administrator for the institute.

Fish spotter pilots were the first to discover the black water in January.
Though fishermen didn't find dead fish in its wake, they report an abysmal
season for those waters and unusual behavior in the few fish they did find.

While the images from the private company Orbimage's SeaWiFS and a NASA
satellite show that the water might be coming from the Shark River, not all
the pictures are consistent with that possibility, Muller-Karger said.

In some images, the water appears to be coming from the river, which has its
outlet about 35 miles south of Marco Island. But Hu said the water doesn't
quite behave like river runoff and settles to the bottom as it travels
farther from the source.

"Why, only in the center, do (the particles) appear to sink?" Hu asked.

He said another possible source might be from some kind of underwater
fountain spewing the black water from the seabed.

"That would explain the isolated black water mass," he said.

Hu is also looking at images from past years to see if the black water came
and went before with no one noticing, though he pointed out that fishermen
with decades on the water had never seen the phenomenon.

"The samples will tell more of a story than the satellite images," he said.

Researchers from the Mote Lab and others sent boats to collect the water in
recent days. They found unusually dark water in pockets along the north side
of the 126-mile chain of Keys. Along with a popular tourist spot, the chain
is also home to the delicate coral reef ecosystem in Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary.

Scientists have speculated that it could be from an unknown algae or
bacteria bloom or from fresh water somehow reaching the bay.

Field testing of the water by Mote on Tuesday showed that it had normal
salinity and oxygen content.

The normal salinity wouldn't rule out river runoff, said Erich Mueller,
director of Mote's Center for Tropical Research in the Keys. That could've
returned as the water mixed with the gulf.

"(River runoff) sounds right now like the most logical explanation, but it's
certainly not a done deal," Mueller said.
Satellite images show 'black water' progression, giving researchers some
clues

Thursday, March 21, 2002   Naples Daily News
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/03/bonita/d756292a.htm

By CATHY ZOLLO, crzollo@naplesnews.com

While researchers around the state continued detective work Wednesday into
what caused the mass of black water in Florida Bay, scientists from the
University of South Florida were putting together a picture of its
progression from satellite data.

Dr. Frank Muller-Karger and Dr. Chuanmin Hu, of the university's remote
sensing laboratory, said the pictures can't tell the whole story, but they
might give clues about the source of the water.

Hu said the black water first appeared on satellite images in mid-December
about 30 to 60 miles north of the Keys. At its peak in early February, it
was larger than Lake Okeechobee but began to diffuse into the surrounding
Gulf of Mexico waters in recent weeks.

Other scientists with the Florida Marine Research Institute in St.
Petersburg and the Mote Marine Laboratory in Sarasota are testing samples of
the water to see if the chemicals, dissolved matter and organisms in it
might point to a source.

Results from those tests should begin coming in today, said Beverly Roberts,
research administrator for the institute.

Fish spotter pilots were the first to discover the black water in January.
Though fishermen didn't find dead fish in its wake, they report an abysmal
season for those waters and unusual behavior in the few fish they did find.

While the images from the private company Orbimage's SeaWiFS and a NASA
satellite show that the water might be coming from the Shark River, not all
the pictures are consistent with that possibility, Muller-Karger said.

In some images, the water appears to be coming from the river, which has its
outlet about 35 miles south of Marco Island. But Hu said the water doesn't
quite behave like river runoff and settles to the bottom as it travels
farther from the source.

"Why, only in the center, do (the particles) appear to sink?" Hu asked.

He said another possible source might be from some kind of underwater
fountain spewing the black water from the seabed.

"That would explain the isolated black water mass," he said.

Hu is also looking at images from past years to see if the black water came
and went before with no one noticing, though he pointed out that fishermen
with decades on the water had never seen the phenomenon.

"The samples will tell more of a story than the satellite images," he said.

Researchers from the Mote Lab and others sent boats to collect the water in
recent days. They found unusually dark water in pockets along the north side
of the 126-mile chain of Keys. Along with a popular tourist spot, the chain
is also home to the delicate coral reef ecosystem in Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary.

Scientists have speculated that it could be from an unknown algae or
bacteria bloom or from fresh water somehow reaching the bay.

Field testing of the water by Mote on Tuesday showed that it had normal
salinity and oxygen content.

The normal salinity wouldn't rule out river runoff, said Erich Mueller,
director of Mote's Center for Tropical Research in the Keys. That could've
returned as the water mixed with the gulf.

"(River runoff) sounds right now like the most logical explanation, but it's
certainly not a done deal," Mueller said.

William F. Precht, P.G.
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
2001 NW 107th Avenue
Miami, FL  33172
305-592-7275
fax:305-594-9574
1-800-597-7275
bprecht@pbsj.com

-----
~~~~~~~
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Subject: zooxanthellae densities
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 2002 09:40:50 +0300
From: Michal RARD <michael.rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all members,

I'm a thesis student in Reunion Island (Indian Ocean), and I'm would like to
know if anyone would have some references or reprints on coral zooxanthellae
densities.

In fact, one point of my studies is to determine the influence on
antropogenic disturbances on the internal physiology (zooxanthellae
densities, pigments and proteins contents), and I have some problems to find
some references of this point.

Many thanks for your help.
Cheers,
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm


Subject: I'm searching Ross Jones
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 2002 14:31:04 +0300
From: Michal RARD <michael.rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hy all,

Many thanks Phil for your information.
Does anybody know the mail of Ross Jones please ?

Many thanks in advance,
Cheers,
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm
Subject: Vacancy notice: Manager Bonaire National Marine Park
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 2002 10:24:07 -0400
From: "STINAPA Bonaire" <stinapa@bonairelive.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The FOUNDATION NATIONAL PARKS BONAIRE (STINAPA Bonaire) manages the =
Bonaire National Marine Park and the Washington Slagbaai National Park =
and advises the government and private entities. The organization staffs
=
16 and strives for further professionalization. In this framework the =
board of the Foundation is looking for a=20
 MARINE PARK MANAGER

Main characteristics of the function.

The manager supports the committee in the strategic and financial policy
=
and takes part in the development and further professionalization of =
STINAPA Bonaire. In first instance the manager is accountable to the =
executive committee and in the future development to the general =
manager, still to be appointed.  The manager is responsible for the =
management and maintenance of the Marine Park as well as the development
=
of information material of all educational programmes for the Marine =
Park. The manager leads all employees of the marine park and is =
responsible for a qualitative and quantitative personnel management

The profile.

The Marine Park Manager has had an education of at least a Bachelors =
degree in Marine Biology but preferably a Masters degree. Experience in
=
management in a relevant function and excellent communicative skills =
required. The functionary has a thorough command of the languages Dutch,
=
Papiamento and English, orally and in writing.

 The offer.

The salary depends on age, education and experience. STINAPA Bonaire =
offers excellent primary and secondary terms of employment.

 Your response.

Should you be interested, then send your letter within 14 days after =
publication of this advertisement, together with your curriculum vitae =
to:  =20

The Board of STINAPA Bonaire, P.O.Box 368 Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles.
=
e-mail: stinapa@bonairelive.com

=
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Tropical Marine Science Course in Akumal, Mexico
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 2002 14:26:26 -0500
From: Drew Harvell <cdh5@cornell.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

> SHOALS MARINE LABORATORY (Cornell University/University of New Hampshire)
> announces continuation of its on-going course on

the Yucatan Peninsula, in Akumal, Mexico. Faculty involved with the 8 week
course this summer include Professors John Bruno, Drew Harvell, Bob
Carpenter and Sean Grace.

Tropical Marine Science and Research in Biology

BIOSM 418 and BIOSM 499 (This course takes place in Akumal, Mexico)
Twelve semester credits.  JUNE 9 - AUGUST 4, 2002.
Prerequisites:  Recognized SCUBA certification, a medical examination, one
full year of college level biology, and permission of instructors.  Daily
discussions and field work.  Total cost $5,500.  (Approximate cost, does not
include airfare or meals).  A course designed for students interested in
learning about coral reef ecology and conservation in an environment where
these topics are of immediate concern.  Students will spend eight weeks in
Akumal, Mexico, a small resort town located about 60 miles south of Cancun
on the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula.  Housing will be provided
by the Centro Ecologico Akumal (http://www.ceakumal.org/), a local
organization dedicated to the sustainable development of Akumal and the
protection of its coral reefs.  The first two weeks will be spent studying
basic coral reef ecology and learning the benthic fauna of the local reefs.
During the following five weeks, students will participate in a reef
monitoring project that will aid in the establishment of a marine park in
Akumal.  Each student is required to design and implement an independent
research project, produce a written report of their findings and present
their results during the final week of the course.

For a detailed course description, please go to:
http://www.sml.cornell.edu/college/pc-cctms.htm

For more information, please contact Laurie Johnson <lhj1@cornell.edu>

--

Drew Harvell
Professor
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
E- 321 Corson Hall
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853

VOICE:  607-254-4274   FAX: 607-255-8088  email:cdh5@cornell.edu
http://www.es.cornell.edu/harvell/harvell.html

Subject: community-based monitoring
Date: Sat, 23 Mar 2002 10:36:34 +0900
From: Liz Matthews <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Listers,

The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more closely
involve community members in the monitoring of marine conservation areas
- both as a means to monitor the fish, invertebrates, etc. in the
conservation areas as well as to create opportunities for local people
to see for themselves the benefits of conservation.  I would like to
hear from any of you who have experience with community-based monitoring
of coral reefs and marine resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any
help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks.
Liz Matthews

><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
Palau Conservation Society
Box 1811
Koror, Palau 96940

tel: 680.488.3993

lizmat@palaunet.com
emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: RE: Coral starving and survival
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 2002 21:46:38 -0400
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: alcolado@ama.cu
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Pedro,

you wrote:
>I decided to add a little more firewood to discussion on Debbie
>McKenzie's interesting coral starving-survival hypohesis.
>...//...
>Probably well fed Acropora palmata crests survived the massive
>mortality event(s) (cause unknown: coral bleaching, white band,
>patchy necrosis?) that killed the crests exposed to less nutrified
>and less productive oceanic waters.
>If so, McKenzie's hypothesis, far from be discarded prematurely,
>has to be tested because it could explain differences in the fate of
>some coral reefs at small scale, and also explain some
>mismatches at larger scale when correlating coral bleaching with
>sea surface temperature.

Thanks very much Pedro!

It is well beyond my means to do anything about testing the hypothesis, but
I really hope that someone will investigate it.

Regarding the role of high temperatures in causing mass bleaching and death
of corals, what do you make of the "Medieval Warm Period?" From what I've
read, have not Acroporas a history of dominating Caribbean reefs for many
thousands of years before the onset of their recent decline due to diseases
and bleaching? If the "mass bleaching" cause of death were strictly the
result of the recent temperature increase, should not the records from the
"Medieval warm period" (about 1000 years ago) also show a period of decline
in Acropora? Apparently today's higher temperatures are similar to what
occurred at that time (although the existence of the Medieval warm period
has been debated in some circles, there seems to be lots of evidence for
it, from diverse areas of the globe). If temperatures as high as today's
occurred a thousand years ago without causing mass mortality in corals, the
corals must have had a greater resistance to heat stress in those days...a
greater resilience attributable to what? Well, one main difference in their
environment that comes to mind is the fact that the bulk of other forms of
marine life involved in nutrient cycling was far greater 1000 years ago
than it is today. (Here's a news clip that I noticed today about the
Medieval warm period:
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/134424204_warm22.html )

cheers,
Debbie MacKenzie

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: community-based monitoring
Date: Sat, 23 Mar 2002 09:37:11 -0000
From: "Sarah Curran" <Curran@altc.freeserve.co.uk>
To: "Liz Matthews" <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>
CC: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi Liz,

you may or may not already have this book but if not its very useful for
CBCRM practitioners;

citation is:

Institute for rural reconstruction (IIRR), 1998. Partcipatory methods in
community based coastal resource management. Pub IIRR Cavite, Philippines

ISBN 0942717902
email  iirr@cav.pworld.net.ph

Its basically a 3 volume toolkit for managers and field workers and was
produced from a workshop of around 30 practitioners over a couple of weeks
of talks and editing sessions. Although many were from a Philippine
backgrounds, the tools (from PRA to mangrove planting & coral reef fish
census for communities to environmental education) are universal.

I'm not sure if its still available, but it was so popular a couple of years
back that I guess it should be.

Sarah
----- Original Message -----
From: "Liz Matthews" <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>
To: "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: 23 March 2002 01:36
Subject: community-based monitoring

> Dear Listers,
>
> The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more closely
> involve community members in the monitoring of marine conservation areas
> - both as a means to monitor the fish, invertebrates, etc. in the
> conservation areas as well as to create opportunities for local people
> to see for themselves the benefits of conservation.  I would like to
> hear from any of you who have experience with community-based monitoring
> of coral reefs and marine resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any
> help is greatly appreciated.
>
> Thanks.
> Liz Matthews
>
> ><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
> Palau Conservation Society
> Box 1811
> Koror, Palau 96940
>
> tel: 680.488.3993
>
> lizmat@palaunet.com
> emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>

~~~~~~~
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: Coral starving and survival
Date: Sat, 23 Mar 2002 18:00:34 -0500
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: <alcolado@ama.cu>, "Debbie MacKenzie" <debimack@auracom.com>
CC: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello, and thanks for some interesting postings.

Without getting into the validity, or lack thereof, of the starvation
hypothesis: I think you have touched on a key point in mentioning the
Medieval Warm. The problem is, the data do not exist. They should be sought,
as indeed should those from the Little ice Age.

Acropora arose in the Miocene, and quickly spread to become the predominant
"weed" coral of Late Cenozoic and Modern reefs. It is abundant in fossil
deposits, virtually always as storm-derived rubble: storm berms, beach
windrows and the like. These storm deposits can range in elevation from
metres below where the coral grew to, in the case of the Hurricane Alan
berms on Jamaica, several metres above present sea level. (This should
give pause to some who base sea-level estimates on dated Acropora, but it
doesn't seem to have. I once saw a TV interview with a group who were
suggesting catastrophically rapid sea level rises at the beginning of the
Holocene-when they held up the key Acropora sample, and the camera zoomed
in, one could plainly see it was Cliona-bored on all surfaces, whereas the
theory was based on it having been found in life position. Yes, a colossal
scientific blunder-but it got them a paper in Science.)

If the coral deaths we see now are due to elevated sea surface temperatures,
then Yes, you are correct, corals would have died like flies. This event
would be recorded in storm berms of Acropora rubble, all over (say) the
Caribbean, at approx. 1000 YBP. These deposits will have been overprinted by
subsequent storms, overgrown by vegetation, and removed by 5-star hotels,
but enough should remain for dating purposes. Finding berms on one island
would not be sufficient-one would have to prove the coexistence of
contemporaneous deposits, basin-wide. Paleotemperatures from these corals
would nail down SST values. The deposits may very well be there, it's just
that no one's ever looked systematically.

A study of this nature would seem to be a natural, given the present slant
of
 reefy thinking, but here's why no one's going to do it: Funding agencies
these days do not fund hypothesis-testing, they fund more-of-the-same. To
test this hypothesis, one would have to visit (say) a half-dozen different
locations. At each location, extensive shoreline mapping would have to be
done to describe the location and extent of storm deposits. From each of
these, maybe a half-dozen samples would have to be dated. Hundreds of dates,
months of field work. Maybe a half-million $ for
testing an hypothesis, with no guaranteed result. Never happen-but it
should.

BTW: I do not discount sea-level curves based on Acropora, but I take them
with a grain of salt. I trust curves based on mangrove peats, Tridacna,
microatolls.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: community-based monitoring
Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2002 09:44:58 -0500
From: "Alan Bornbusch" <abornbus@aaas.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>

Dear Liz,

The journal Conservation Biology in Practice had a recent article on this
subject:

Tawake, A. et al. 2001. Harvesting clams and data. Conservation Biology in
Practice.  2(4):32-35.

You might also check these websites for more information:

www.BCNet.org
www.BSPonline.org
www.FOSonline.org

Alan

Alan H. Bornbusch, Ph.D.
Director, Africa Program
Directorate for International Programs
American Association for the Advancement of Science
1200 New York Ave., NW
Washington, D.C. 20005
Tel. 202-326-6651/6650
Mobile 202-390-4946
Fax 202-289-4958
email: abornbus@aaas.org

>>> Liz Matthews <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu> 03/22/02 08:36PM >>>
Dear Listers,

The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more closely
involve community members in the monitoring of marine conservation areas
- both as a means to monitor the fish, invertebrates, etc. in the
conservation areas as well as to create opportunities for local people
to see for themselves the benefits of conservation.  I would like to
hear from any of you who have experience with community-based monitoring
of coral reefs and marine resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any
help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks.
Liz Matthews

><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
Palau Conservation Society
Box 1811
Koror, Palau 96940

tel: 680.488.3993

lizmat@palaunet.com
emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: RE: community-based monitoring
Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2002 22:48:34 +0000
From: Colette Wabnitz <C.C.C.Wabnitz@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: Liz Matthews <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>
CC: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Liz,

One of the best website for the sort of information you are loooking for is:
www.cbnrm.net/

Dr. Lars Soeftestad, the editor of the website, has tremendous experience in
the area and would be delighted to help answer any particular questions you
might have.

Colette

<>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
Colette Wabnitz
Dept of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management
Ridley Building
University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU

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Subject: RE: community-based monitoring
Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2002 17:02:06 -0800
From: "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>
To: "Liz Matthews" <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>,
     "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Liz,

The Reef Check monitoring program was purpose-built to serve community-based
monitoring needs and is now active in over 50 countries and is a formal
partner with GCRMN/ICRI. It was designed so that it could be taught to
experienced skin or scuba divers with only a few hours of training, and yet
produce rigorous (i.e. publishable) scientific data on the impacts of humans
on coral reefs. The approach was to be "eco-holistic" and include a broad
spectrum of taxa but to limit the monitoring to key indicator organisms that
would tell us 90% of what a manager would need to know to take action. Last
week, in Palawan, Philippines, a colleague and I were able to teach an
experienced aquarium fish fishermen how to do Reef Check in less than 1
hour. The fishermen spoke little English and had not graduated from high
school, but he knew the taxonomy.

Your inquiry is timely as Reef Check has organized a NOAA-funded W. Pacific
Island regional training workshop during the first week of April 2002 in
Palau in cooperation with GCRMN/SPREP and PICRC.  Reef Check runs regular
regional training workshops throughout the world, with continuing programs
at our Regional Coral Reef Monitoring Training Center in Phuket, Thailand.
Other upcoming workshops include and St. Johns, USVI in early May followed
by Cebu, Philippines in last week of November 2002. Please contact our
Program Manager, Jennifer K. Liebeler [Liebeler@ucla.edu] for details.

More importantly, after five years of operation, Reef Check has now started
to demonstrate measurable benefits to coral reefs and their human neighbors.
That is, five years ago, we could only theorize that we expected
stakeholders to develop an increased desire for stewardship through active
engagement in monitoring the health of their local reefs. We now have
several good examples where, according to the park managers, participation
in Reef Check contributed to the initiation and/or operation of well managed
Marine Protected Areas. Two examples where Reef Check helped to lead to
success are:

1) Soufriere Marine Management Area in St. Lucia, Caribbean -- Kai Wulf
<wulf@candw.lc>
2) Gilutongan MPA in Cebu, Philippines -- Mike Ross <mikeross@mozcom.com>

(As an aside, I would urge anyone who doesn't believe that coral reef MPAs
can work and benefit the surrounding areas to visit these MPAs.) Each of
these MPAs has a long history involving many individuals, NGOs, government
agencies etc., so Reef Check is only one small part of the picture. For
details of how Reef Check contributed, pls contact the park managers
directly.

Our five-year global report on coral reef health will be released later this
year. A non-profit Reef Check Foundation has been established to oversee our
education, monitoring and management activities and we welcome new members.
For more information about Reef Check please see the papers below and our
website (www.ReefCheck.org)

Hodgson, G. 2001  Reef Check: The first step in community-based management.
Bull. Mar. Sci. 69(2): 861-868.
Hodgson, G. 2000. Coral Reef Monitoring and Management Using Reef Check.
Integrated Coastal Zone Management. 1(1): 169-176.
Hodgson, G. 1999. Reef Check Global Survey Program: The first step in
community-based management. In: I. Dight, R. Kenchington, J. Baldwin (eds).
Proc. International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Symposium, Townsville,
Australia, November 1999. pp 321-326.
Hodgson, G. 1999. A global assessment of human effects on coral reefs.
Marine Pollution Bulletin. 38 (5) 345-355.

Regards,
Greg

Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Professor (Visiting); Director, Reef Check
Institute of Environment
1362 Hershey Hall Box 951496
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496
Tel: 310-794-4985 Fax:310-825-0758
Website: www.ReefCheck.org

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Liz Matthews
Sent: Friday, March 22, 2002 5:37 PM
To: Coral-list
Subject: community-based monitoring

Dear Listers,

The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more closely
involve community members in the monitoring of marine conservation areas
- both as a means to monitor the fish, invertebrates, etc. in the
conservation areas as well as to create opportunities for local people
to see for themselves the benefits of conservation.  I would like to
hear from any of you who have experience with community-based monitoring
of coral reefs and marine resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any
help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks.
Liz Matthews

><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
Palau Conservation Society
Box 1811
Koror, Palau 96940

tel: 680.488.3993

lizmat@palaunet.com
emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: MPA user perception surveys?
Date: Sun, 24 Mar 2002 18:13:15 -0800 (PST)
From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers.

As part of our long-term studies at the Luis Pena
Channel Marine Fishery Reserve, in Culebra Island,
Puerto Rico, we are actually carrying-out a user
perception survey with the collaboration of the
undergraduate students of the Ecology of Puerto Rico
course at the University of Puerto Rico.

This study is focused in understanding the perception
of the MFR users, mostly local Culebra's residents,
fishermen, students, Puerto Rican and foreign
tourists, and recreational navigators.  The main goal
of this study is to identify major management and
educational lagoons and to develop an educational
strategy as part of a major management plan.

However, we've had some trouble trying to locate
literature on similar studies for comparison purposes.
I'd like to know if somebody in the list is familiar
with any On Line reference or any published study
regarding user perception surveys regarding other MPAs
elsewhere?

Thanks for any help you can provide us.

Regards.

Edwin

=====
Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Ph.D.
University of Puerto Rico
Department of Biology
Coral Reef Research Group
P.O. Box 23360
San Juan, P.R. 00931-3360
Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855; Fax (787) 764-2610

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Movies - coverage of the 74th Academy Awards
http://movies.yahoo.com/
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Subject: Re: Coral starving, survival & MWP
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2002 09:56:29 -0700
From: "Mark Eakin" <Mark.Eakin@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Debbie,

You have raised some good points regarding the Medieval Warm Period (MWP).
As Mike pointed out in his response, the largest problem there is a lack of
data.  Esper et al. paper from last week's Science indicates that MWP
temperatures may have been higher than estimated in earlier temperature
reconstructions like Mann et al. 1999.  However, the Esper et al.
reconstruction does not show a dramatic and singular rise going into the
MWP, unlike the nearly linear increase it shows for 1800-date.

We need to keep in mind that these are temperate, Northern  Hemisphere,
terrestrial reconstructions.  Even the Mann et al. reconstruction used a
very small amount of marine data (mostly 1500-date) and reconstructed ocean
surface data from functions primarily based on temperate, terrestrial data.
You can compare a wide array of reconstruction data by looking at
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/recons.html

All of this points to the need for data on reef temperatures during the
MWP.  The climate system does not change in ways that are spatially
consistent with temperate, Northern Hemisphere indices.  Without real
information on reef temperatures, I think comparisons with the MWP are a bit
premature, but useful thoughts for building hypotheses.

Mark

Debbie MacKenzie wrote:

> Hi Pedro,
>
> you wrote:
> >I decided to add a little more firewood to discussion on Debbie
> >McKenzie's interesting coral starving-survival hypohesis.
> >...//...
> >Probably well fed Acropora palmata crests survived the massive
> >mortality event(s) (cause unknown: coral bleaching, white band,
> >patchy necrosis?) that killed the crests exposed to less nutrified
> >and less productive oceanic waters.
> >If so, McKenzie's hypothesis, far from be discarded prematurely,
> >has to be tested because it could explain differences in the fate of
> >some coral reefs at small scale, and also explain some
> >mismatches at larger scale when correlating coral bleaching with
> >sea surface temperature.
>
> Thanks very much Pedro!
>
> It is well beyond my means to do anything about testing the hypothesis,
> but
> I really hope that someone will investigate it.
>
> Regarding the role of high temperatures in causing mass bleaching and
> death
> of corals, what do you make of the "Medieval Warm Period?" From what I've
> read, have not Acroporas a history of dominating Caribbean reefs for many
> thousands of years before the onset of their recent decline due to
> diseases
> and bleaching? If the "mass bleaching" cause of death were strictly the
> result of the recent temperature increase, should not the records from the
>
> "Medieval warm period" (about 1000 years ago) also show a period of
> decline
> in Acropora? Apparently today's higher temperatures are similar to what
> occurred at that time (although the existence of the Medieval warm period
> has been debated in some circles, there seems to be lots of evidence for
> it, from diverse areas of the globe). If temperatures as high as today's
> occurred a thousand years ago without causing mass mortality in corals,
> the
> corals must have had a greater resistance to heat stress in those days...a
>
> greater resilience attributable to what? Well, one main difference in
> their
> environment that comes to mind is the fact that the bulk of other forms of
>
> marine life involved in nutrient cycling was far greater 1000 years ago
> than it is today. (Here's a news clip that I noticed today about the
> Medieval warm period:
> http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/134424204_warm22.html )
>
> cheers,
> Debbie MacKenzie
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

--
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
Chief of NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and
Director of the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology

NOAA/National Geophysical Data Center
325 Broadway E/GC
Boulder, CO 80305-3328
Voice: 303-497-6172                  Fax: 303-497-6513
Internet: mark.eakin@noaa.gov
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html


  C. Mark Eakin <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
  Chief and Director of World Data Center for Paleoclimatology
  NOAA / NGDC
  Paleoclimatology Program

  C. Mark Eakin
  Chief and Director of World Data Center for  <mark.eakin@noaa.gov>
  Paleoclimatology
  NOAA / NGDC
  Paleoclimatology Program
  325 Broadway, E/GCx3                         Fax: 303-497-6513
  Boulder                                      Work: 303-497-6172
  CO                                           Conference Software Address
  80305-3328                                   Specific Directory Server
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Eakin
  First Name    C. Mark
  Version       2.1

Subject: Re: Coral starving and survival
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2002 12:35:00 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: Mike Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Mike: the work you propose on the stratigraphy of Caribbean hurricane
berms could indeed be informative about the recent history of climate and
hurricanes. When you mention the Hurricane Allen berms on Jamaica, you
might be thinking of the one just west of the Discovery Bay Marine Lab. It
is c. 30m across, 1-2m high, and was built, not just by Allen, but by
centuries of major storms since sea-level stabilised. Allen only added a
new layer of rubble to the seaward slope. While you're at it, if you want
to find when local sea-level stabilized, there's some mangrove peat under
the sand in the back-reef lagoon in front of the Lab!

Of course, Acropora palmata is a major contributor to hurricane berms even
without the hypothesized mortality due to medieval bleaching. That is just
as well for the proposal, since A. palmata may not be particularly prone
to bleach. Ian Sandeman has been investigating the physiology of this.
However, mortality in other corals might provide more ammunition to help
storm waves bring palmata down. Dave Liddell and colleagues reported that
other species made up about 40% of the material contributed to the berm by
Allen.

Jeremy Woodley

13 South St. West,                      Tel: (905) 627-0393
Dundas,                                 Fax: (905) 627-3966
ON L9H 4C3,                             woodley@uwimona.edu.jm
Canada.                                 or jdwoodley@hotmail.com

Centre for Marine Sciences, University of the West Indies (Mona),
Kingston 7, Jamaica.

On Sat, 23 Mar 2002, Mike Risk wrote:

> Hello, and thanks for some interesting postings.
>
> Without getting into the validity, or lack thereof, of the starvation
> hypothesis: I think you have touched on a key point in mentioning the
> Medieval Warm. The problem is, the data do not exist. They should be
sought,
> as indeed should those from the Little ice Age.
>
> Acropora arose in the Miocene, and quickly spread to become the
predominant
> "weed" coral of Late Cenozoic and Modern reefs. It is abundant in fossil
> deposits, virtually always as storm-derived rubble: storm berms, beach
> windrows and the like. These storm deposits can range in elevation from
> metres below where the coral grew to, in the case of the Hurricane Alan
> berms on Jamaica, several metres above present sea level. (This should
> give pause to some who base sea-level estimates on dated Acropora, but it
> doesn't seem to have. I once saw a TV interview with a group who were
> suggesting catastrophically rapid sea level rises at the beginning of the
> Holocene-when they held up the key Acropora sample, and the camera zoomed
> in, one could plainly see it was Cliona-bored on all surfaces, whereas the
> theory was based on it having been found in life position. Yes, a colossal
> scientific blunder-but it got them a paper in Science.)
>
> If the coral deaths we see now are due to elevated sea surface
temperatures,
> then Yes, you are correct, corals would have died like flies. This event
> would be recorded in storm berms of Acropora rubble, all over (say) the
> Caribbean, at approx. 1000 YBP. These deposits will have been overprinted
by
> subsequent storms, overgrown by vegetation, and removed by 5-star hotels,
> but enough should remain for dating purposes. Finding berms on one island
> would not be sufficient-one would have to prove the coexistence of
> contemporaneous deposits, basin-wide. Paleotemperatures from these corals
> would nail down SST values. The deposits may very well be there, it's just
> that no one's ever looked systematically.
>
> A study of this nature would seem to be a natural, given the present slant
> of
>  reefy thinking, but here's why no one's going to do it: Funding agencies
> these days do not fund hypothesis-testing, they fund more-of-the-same. To
> test this hypothesis, one would have to visit (say) a half-dozen different
> locations. At each location, extensive shoreline mapping would have to be
> done to describe the location and extent of storm deposits. From each of
> these, maybe a half-dozen samples would have to be dated. Hundreds of
dates,
> months of field work. Maybe a half-million $ for
> testing an hypothesis, with no guaranteed result. Never happen-but it
> should.
>
> BTW: I do not discount sea-level curves based on Acropora, but I take them
> with a grain of salt. I trust curves based on mangrove peats, Tridacna,
> microatolls.
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>

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Subject: black water event, additional historical information
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2002 14:41:54 -0500
From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

This report on the black water event of 1878 was sent to me last week by
Walt Jaap of FMRI. You may want to dig further.
Gene
20 March, 2002

TO: E.A. Shinn, et. al.

FROM: Walt Jaap

Reference: Black Water Intrusions

With reference to recent reports of a mass of black water off the southwest
Florida coast, the following historical information is offered to provide
background.

The following is a quote from the log of the Tortugas supply vessel Activa.
The Activa supported the lighthouse and Fort Jefferson during this period.
The black water phenomena was reported to be the cause of fish kills as well
as coral die off (reported by Mayer, A.G. 1902. The Tortugas as a station
for research in biology. Science 17: 190-192). The quote from the Activa as
reported in Feinstein, Ceurveles, Hutton, and Snoek, 1955. Red Tide
outbreaks on the west Florida coast. Report to the Florida State Board of
Conservation. By the Marine Laboratory, University of Miami. 44 pp.

The water "was very dark, like cypress water" The log reported that it was
encountered during a voyage from Key West to Dry Tortugas.

Was black water Red Tide, a mass of water from the Mississippi, run off out
of Big Cypress and the Everglades? We don't know. I spoke to John W. Wells
in about 1976 and he was unable to offer any insight (John was a Carnegie
Institute researcher at Tortugas in 1932). He was a collaborator with T.W.
Vaughn (Vaughan started working in Tortugas around 1910 and was an associate
with A.G. Mayer who founded of the Tortugas lab).

We have a mystery, surrounded by an enigma, within a conundrum. Black water
is a fascinating subject. Corals that are that old (go back beyond 1878)
have unique thin growth bands (according to Hudson) that should be looked at
with isotopic techniques to see if we can learn more about the nature of
Black Water.

Is the black water mass reported today the same? Possibly, or possibly not.

------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/ |
E. A. Shinn
email eshinn@usgs.gov
USGS Center for Coastal Geology |
600 4th St. South | voice (727) 803-8747 x3030
St.Petersburg, FL 33701 | fax (727) 803-2032
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------

~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: ICRIN Website Announcement
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2002 16:07:38 -0500
From: Anita Daley <adaley@coral.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings to all who are involved with and concerned about coral reefs:

I am pleased to announce the official release of the International Coral
Reef Information Network (ICRIN) website! http://www.coralreef.org. *
Interested in who is doing reef restoration work in the Philippines?

* Wondering when the upcoming Second International Tropical Marine Ecosystem
Management Symposium will be so you can save the date? (November 2002)

* Or maybe you are interested in downloading a Coral Reefs and Bleaching
fact sheet to support your efforts to increase awareness of coral reef
issues?

Please visit http://www.coralreef.org to check out how ICRIN can support
your coral reef-related work.  Whether you focus your coral reef interests
on science, management, conservation, education, policy or public awareness,
ICRIN has tools, resources and information for all.

Website highlights include:

NETWORKING OPPORTUNITIES
--Coral Reef Community Calendar- a place to post and locate workshops,
seminars, conferences, any events covering issues related to coral reefs
(and related ecosystems)
--Coral Reef Directory an online database of coral reef contacts throughout
the world.  Many of you will receive an e-mail requesting that you update
your information.  Please enter your own organization if your institution is
not listed.

TOOLS AND RESOURCES:
--Coral Reef Photobank- free digital images for all to use!  Anyone can
download and use an image for their reports or materials.  We are always
interested in building this collection; if youd like to contribute, please
e-mail icrin@coral.org
--Downloadable Fact Sheetsprint and distribute these flyers, or feel free
to copy the text and paste it into your own materials
--Teachers Resourcesa quick guide to coral reef resources for elementary
level teachers

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE PUBLIC
--General Coral Reef Information designed for the public: What is a coral
reef?  How Are They Threatened? Why Should I Care?  What Can I do to Help?
--Photobank (see above)

We will be building this site with the aim to not only raise public
awareness of coral reefs, but to support those working towards the same
goal.  ICRIN is also working to strengthen networking potential among all of
us working to study and protect coral reefs and related ecosystems (more
about ICRIN below). Feedback and suggestions are always welcome.  Please
contact icrin@coral.org.

Thanks and happy surfing,
Anita Daley
ICRIN Manager

MORE ABOUT ICRIN:
The International Coral Reef Information Network (ICRIN) is a global public
awareness initiative coordinated by the Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL). ICRIN
is designed to: draw public attention to vital coral reef issues and promote
coral reef conservation, research and monitoring; strengthen partnerships
among coral reef groups and provide information and tools to support their
work; and reach the mainstream media in order to create and maintain a
common concern among the general public for the health of coral reefs.

ICRIN is an important component of the International Coral Reef Initiative
(ICRI) and the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN), delivering
information derived from ICRI and ICRAN components to the public, key
government decision-makers, businesses, coral reef conservation groups,
potential funders and the media.  As ICRIN disseminates coral reef
information to the public on a global level, ICRIN supports ICRIs and
ICRANs efforts to protect coral reefs throughout the world.

More about ICRIN:  http://www.coralreef.org

___________________________________________________________

Anita Daley
International Coral Reef Information Network Manager

The Coral Reef Alliance
2014 Shattuck Avenue
Berkeley, CA 94704
(510) 848-0110 ext. 313
(510) 848-3720 fax
http://www.coral.org
http://www.coralreef.org
"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Tropicial Marine Invertebrate Field Course - June 2002
Date: Mon, 25 Mar 2002 17:34:00 -0500
From: "Norman Quinn" <nquinn@uwimona.edu.jm>
Organization: Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coral starving and survival
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2002 09:25:13 -0500
From: alcolado@ama.cu
To: EricHugo@aol.com
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Eric Hugo
Maybe you are right. Really I do not matter much about what they
feed on. The fact is where they feed better an its possible
consequences. Further, I do not conlude nor affirm anything, all are
mere surmises or hipothesis to test. Abstraction can pave the road
for some real science.
all the best,
Pedro

From:                   EricHugo@aol.com
Date sent:              Mon, 11 Mar 2002 18:08:02 EST
Subject:                Re: Coral starving  and survival
To:                     coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

> Just a quick comment:
>
> I'm not sure you can attribute it all to zooplankton...particulate
> material, bacteria, and dissolved sources will also play a role, probably
> significant, in the heterotrophy of corals and their energy budget,
> reproductive output, etc.
>
> Eric Hugo Borneman
> Department of Biology and Biochemistry
> Division in Ecology and Evolution
> 258, SR II
> University of Houston
> Houston, TX 77204
>
> EBorneman@uh.edu or EricHugo@aol.com
>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: community-based monitoring
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2002 14:29:55 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "Liz Matthews" <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>,
     "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Alan White" <awhite@mozcom.com>

Hi Liz,

One approach to what you are doing is community-based ecological mapping.
This is a key approach in the IIRR publication. Alan White, Jim Maragos and
others published an excellent methods book on this for coral reefs about
five years ago. It can help to involve non-scuba divers in a very productive
way and would be a good compliment to Reef Check. I suggest you write to
Alan at awhite@mozcom.com.

Cheers!

 John

_________________________________________________________

John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Liz Matthews
Sent: Friday, March 22, 2002 8:37 PM
To: Coral-list
Subject: community-based monitoring

Dear Listers,

The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more closely
involve community members in the monitoring of marine conservation areas
- both as a means to monitor the fish, invertebrates, etc. in the
conservation areas as well as to create opportunities for local people
to see for themselves the benefits of conservation.  I would like to
hear from any of you who have experience with community-based monitoring
of coral reefs and marine resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any
help is greatly appreciated.

Thanks.
Liz Matthews

><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
Palau Conservation Society
Box 1811
Koror, Palau 96940

tel: 680.488.3993

lizmat@palaunet.com
emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu

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~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Coral starving and survival
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 2002 20:18:43 -0400
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral list,

The question of whether or not corals suffered heat-induced mortality
during the Medieval Warm Period is an interesting one, and is one line of
investigation that might shed some light on the recent coral mortality. It
might help to validate or weaken the conclusion that today's bleaching
events are purely cases of exceeding thermal thresholds characteristic of
these species. But I don't think it is necessary to pursue the MWP angle to
investigate whether or not elevated temperature is the only stressor
involved in inducing today's mass bleaching events.

Surely appropriate experiments could easily be devised to test the
hypothesis that corals have varying amounts of food available, and that the
pattern of food availability might be correlated to their ability to
withstand transient episodes of thermal stress. You have several methods of
measuring "condition," reflecting adequacy of food input, in corals - I
can't imagine that it would be exceedingly complicated or expensive, but I
don't know much about that side of your work...

I agree with Pedro that it doesn't matter much exactly "what" the corals
feed on - zooplankton, bacteria, particulate organic material - the bottom
line is the nutritional status/reserves and resiliency that they might
obtain. (If you looked at my barnacle article, which shows a declining
trend in a sessile plankton feeder in Atlantic Canada, you'll see that
barnacles here appear to be relatively very well fed by the organic
material in a heavily sewage-polluted harbour - they are benefitting from a
lot of food that is not-quite-zooplankton - but this is clearly allowing
them to withstand "whatever" it is that is causing the disappearance of the
barnacles on the open coast. ( http://www.fisherycrisis.com/barnacles.html
) - I know, it's not coral, but I think there are interesting similarities.)

How have you tried to disprove the hypothesis that thermal stress is the
primary cause of mass bleaching?

It occurred to me, and I asked Ove Hoegh-Guldberg about this last year on
this list...that an interesting test might be transplanting corals between
the various regions of the Great Barrier Reef. Now, maybe I've got this all
wrong, but I've gotten the impression that there are species of coral whose
range spans the whole GBR (right or wrong?). If so, individuals of a given
species living in the different regions of the reef would seem to have
differing thermal thresholds - according to Ove's 1999 paper "Climate
Change, Coral Bleaching and the Future of the World's Coral Reefs," the
southern region temperature has averaged approx. 26C for the last century
and the bleaching threshold there is 28.3C, while the central region has a
long term average approx. 27C and a bleaching threshold of 29.2C, and the
Northern region has averaged about 28C and has a bleaching threshold of
30C. The recent rising trend in water temperatures has raised each region
approximately 1 degree C on average and in recent warm years the seasonal
highs have been hitting the bleaching thresholds in all three
regions.  Everything has recently been ratcheted up by one degree, and the
long term norms in the three regions vary by about one degree. So...the
average temperature now in the central region is about 28C, which has been
the long term average for the Northern region, and the average temperature
in the southern region is approximately the same as the long term average
that was well tolerated by corals living in the central region (27C).
Therefore moving corals from the Northern and central regions to the
regions further south should place them within the temperature ranges that
they've successfully tolerated for at least a century...and the transplants
should therefore demonstrate superior tolerance to heat stress and
bleaching the next time that the "hotspots" hit the areas - that is, if the
whole pathology is the simple result of an environment that exceeds their
natural thermal tolerances. Does this make sense? Why or why not? I've read
about other experiments that involved coral transplantation...

Another question that comes to mind is, since many global warming scenarios
predict shifts of species to higher latitudes (and some other marine
species appear to be doing just that), why are the most southerly corals on
the GBR also vulnerable? Have they not been living at the southerly limit
of where these species can survive, the range limit based most likely on
their lower thermal tolerance level? And should not at least some of them
therefore be looking better, or expanding southward, since conditions have
gotten warmer?

cheers,

Debbie MacKenzie

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Subject: More on black water (Miami herald)
Date: Wed, 27 Mar 2002 08:33:01 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Coral-List:

This is the most recent news regarding the "Black Water" event?
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Miami Herald, www.miami.com

Posted on Wed, Mar. 27, 2002
Dying sponges offer clues about the `blob'
BY CURTIS MORGAN
cmorgan@herald.com
A zone of dying sponges and coral off Key West has suddenly elevated the
formation dubbed ''black water'' from scientific mystery to major
environmental concern.
In the first reliable underwater assessment of impact on marine life, a
commercial diver documented enough damage to raise alarms that the baffling
blob may have left a swath of unseen destruction in its wake as it slowly
drifted from the Gulf of Mexico across Florida Bay over the last few months.
''This certainly sounds like it's the effects of something very nasty going
on,'' Billy Causey, superintendent of the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary, said Tuesday.
The devastated sponges were observed over the weekend in the northwest
channel off Key West by Ken Nedimyer, a member of the sanctuary's advisory
council who collects specimens for the aquarium trade.
''The water was a creepy green at the surface and by the time I got to the
bottom, it was really creepy and dark,'' wrote Nedimyer in an e-mail sent to
the sanctuary and several of scientists studying the curious discoloration.
He noted six species of rope sponge as the hardest hit, with 50 to 75
percent
wiped out, as well as a number of other sponges dead or dying. Brain coral
and starfish also seemed to be suffering. Fish in the area seemed healthy,
though curiously unhungry.
''There's a real meltdown occuring down there right now,'' Nedimyer wrote.
Before Nedimyer's report, scientists had not confirmed any toxic effects
from
the black water but Nedimyer's observations were serious enough that the
sanctuary planned to dispatch its own divers to survey for more widespread
damage. While the mass described as the color of sewer water is breaking up
and shrinking, at one point it spanned several hundred miles.
While scientists were still sorting through water samples, satellite images,
weather reports and historical studies and observations, the sponge dieoff
is
another strong indicator that the culprit is an explosion of some sort of
microscopic plankton, said Brian Keller, the sanctuary's science
coordinator.
During a series of algae blooms that plagued Florida Bay in the mid-1990s,
sponges, which feed by filtering water, were among the first organisms to
go,
in vast acres, followed by seagrass beds. Those blooms did not kill fish,
like red tide does, but fish do avoid the areas during outbreaks and lose
forage and shelter until the areas recover, which can take years.
''The fact that it appears to be a fairly selective mortality indicates to
me
that it's not like some general toxin in the water column that would kill
everything,'' Keller said.
But Keller agreed it would take more study to issue a definitive word. A
loose-knit team of state, federal and private scientists studying the patch
plans to discuss the data and issue a list of probable causes, perhaps by
week's end.
As of now, ''it's a phenomenon about which we are uncertain,'' said Beverly
Roberts, research administrator at the Florida Marine Research Institute in
St. Petersburg. It could be caused by anything from pollution to some sort
of
decaying plant material, perhaps flushed to sea from land.
Scientists at the institute, the Mote Marine Laboratory in the Keys and
Sarasota, and the University of South Florida were all analyzing data. Water
samples have shown medium to high levels of two types of phytoplanktons,
tiny
plants so essential to the marine food chain that they're called ''the grass
of the sea,'' Roberts said.
''It's eaten by a lot of smaller stages of the fishes,'' she said. They're
normal in sea water but plankton or a variety of them can cause problems in
high concentrations.
The samples also detected low concentrations of another bottom plankton that
produces ciguatera, a toxic that can sicken people who eat fish with high
levels. But Roberts said it unlikely it played a major part.

http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/local/2941136.htm

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Subject: Marine Biology Summer Study in Belize
Date: Wed, 27 Mar 2002 09:23:02 -0600
From: "Tamar L. Goulet" <tlgoulet@olemiss.edu>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Y'all,

The University of Mississippi (Ole Miss) is offering two marine biology
courses (8 credit hours) in beautiful Belize during June 1- June 30, 2002.

If you are interested or know of someone that may be, please give them the
information listed below.

Thanks

Tammy Goulet

2002 Summer Study in Belize

General Description
The University of Mississippi 2002 Summer Study in Belize offers two courses
in marine biology taught by Ole Miss faculty. Students will live in Belize
on South Water Caye, a strikingly picturesque island shaded by palm trees on
the Belize barrier reef, the second largest expanse of barrier reef in the
world. Eight hours of undergraduate credit in Biological Sciences (Biology
445 - Introduction to Coral Reef Ecology, Biology 446 - Fishes of the
Tropics) may be earned. The courses offered are ecology-oriented classes
with lectures and daily snorkeling excursions. Students will learn about
coral-reef ecosystems from an ecological-evolution standpoint, and will
participate in student research projects. Both courses offer exciting
opportunities for students interested in field-oriented course work.

What is included and what is not
The cost of $4495.00 includes tuition for 8 semester hours of biology,
housing and meals (except while in transit) during the program dates in
Belize, land transportation costs within the country, and guides on all
excursions. Also included is study abroad health insurance, which includes
repatriation and medical evacuation benefits during the program dates. Not
included in the costs are airfare from the student's home airport to Belize
City and back, equipment for snorkeling, books, and personal spending money.
Students will be met at the airport if we are informed in advance of their
arrival times.

Faculty
The faculty members for the program are Dr. Tamar Goulet and Dr. Denis
Goulet of the University of Mississippi biology department.

Deadline
Applications are accepted on a first come first serve basis until the class
is full. We accept 15 students in total. All students must take both
courses.

Further Information
Web site: http://www.olemiss.edu/depts/biology/belize.html
Dr. Denis Goulet - dgoulet@olemiss.edu

Applications
Study Abroad Office
The University of Mississippi
P.O. Box 187
University, MS 38677
Phone: (662) 915-1508
Fax: (662) 915-1504
Email: abroad@olemiss.edu
Tamar L. Goulet, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Biology
University of Mississippi
University, Mississippi 38677
USA

Tel: (662) 915-7457
Fax: (662) 915-5144
Email: tlgoulet@olemiss.edu

Subject: measuring coral growth
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 07:20:41 -0500
From: Sean Coats <Scoats@flaquarium.org>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello,

I am trying to measure coral growth by using water displacement to measure
volume change.  The colonies that I intend to measure can be moved and
cannot be damaged at the end of the study.   I would like to be able to
place the colony in a vessel of water of known surface area and measure the
change in water height once the colony has been added, thus obtaining a
volume that will change with growth.  Has anyone measured coral growth in
this manner before?  If so, what type of vessel and measuring device did you
use?  Does anyone know if a company makes such a measuring device for items
ranging in size from 1cm to 30 cm in diameter?  Any help would be
appreciated .

Thanks

R. Sean Coats
Sr. Biologist
The Florida Aquarium

Subject: Dendrogyra cylindrus
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 12:36:26 -0500
From: "Patricia Cardenas" <gorgojo@moose-mail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I would appreciate if someone can send me information about
this coral, and about coral restoration and transplant.
Thanks

Patricia Crdenas
Ecology Student

http://www.care2.com - Get your Free e-mail account that helps save
Wildlife!
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Subject: Volunteer Internship
Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 10:28:53 -0400
From: "Coral Reef" <info@reefresearch.org>
To: "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Please announce the following INTERNSHIP opportunity at the Central
Caribbean Marine Institute Little Cayman, Cayman Islands to your
students:

See our website: http//:reefresearch.org
or Interninfo@reefresearch.org

Volunteer Internship: Structure and Diversity of Coral Reefs July 7 - 21
For students interested in assisting in a long-term research project
with
prior coral reef experience.

Central Caribbean Marine Institute CCMI - USA
P.O. Box 1461
Princeton, NJ 08540
(908) 527-2515

CCMI - Cayman
PO Box 37
Little Cayman, Cayman Islands
(345) 948-0107
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Subject: digests & etiquette
Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 17:06:05 GMT
From: coral-list admin <jch@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings,

        This is just a periodic reminder that if you wish, you can
subscribe to the daily coral-list digest, or the weekly digest, instead of
the standard coral-list receive-when-posted circulation.  You can put two
commands in a single message to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov :

        subscribe coral-list-daily
        unsubscribe coral-list

if you wish to be added to the daily digest, or

        subscribe coral-list-digest
        unsubscribe coral-list

if you wish to be added to the weekly digest.

I am also attaching here an excerpt from the Welcome Message on coral-list
etiquette as a reminder.

Thank you so much for your interest and support of coral-list

        Cheers,
        Jim

-- Etiquette --

1)  When responding to a posting to the list, do not respond
        *back* to the entire list unless you feel it is an
        answer everyone can benefit from.  I think this is
        usually the case, but responses such as, "Yeah, tell
        me, too!" to the entire list will make you unpopular
        in a hurry.  Double-check your "To: " line before
        sending.

2) Do not "flame" (i.e., scold) colleagues via the coral-list.  If
        you feel compelled to chastise someone, please send them
        mail directly and flame away.

3) Please conduct as much preliminary research into a topic
        as possible before posting a query to the list. (In
        other words, you shouldn't expect others to do your
        research for you.) Please consider:

        o  Your librarian (an extremely valuable resource)
        o  The CHAMP Literature Abstracts area at the CHAMP Web site
        o  The CHAMP Online Researcher's Directory
                (i.e., search for your topic, ask the
                experts directly)
        o  The CHAMP (and other) Web sites' links page(s)
        o  The coral-list archives (see below)

  But please *do* avail yourself of the list when you've exhausted
        other sources.

  IMPORTANT NOTE:  To keep from getting irate responses from your
        colleagues, it is suggested that you relate your previous
        efforts to find information that were unsuccessful when
        you post a request.

4)  Please carefully consider the purpose of coral-list
        before posting a message.  This is a forum comprised
        primarily of researchers who devote major portions
        of their work time to the study of corals or
        coral-related issues.

5)  Succinct postings are greatly appreciated by all.

6)  Archives

        Archives of all previous coral-list messages (updated at the
end of each month) can be found at this Web Page:

        http://www.coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/list-archives.html

Please review these messages on topics that may have already been
discussed in detail before you post new messages on the same topic.

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Subject: Black Water killing Coral
Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 09:12:08 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral List:

This is the most recent news flash on the ongoing "black water" event in
south Florida.  From this its hard to see where the science starts and the
hype ends and visa versa.

None the less, the event whether natural or man induced (or enhanced) is
disturbing.

William F. Precht, P.G.
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
2001 NW 107th Avenue
Miami, FL  33172
305-592-7275
fax:305-594-9574
1-800-597-7275
bprecht@pbsj.com

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Divers find evidence of black water's devastation

Monday, April 1, 2002   Naples Daily News
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/04/naples/d485365a.htm

By CATHY ZOLLO, crzollo@naplesnews.com

Dead and dying sponges crumbled in Ken Nedimyer's hand as he made his way
along the bottom of the Northwest Channel off Key West last week.

Nearby, brain corals had recently died or were dying as well, the tiny
animals that build the corals decaying in their chambers. Not everything was
affected, but other corals normally golden brown had an odd white crust on
them, Nedimyer noted last week and in dives over recent days since black
water from the Southwest Florida coast bathed the keys.

"I've seen these corals under every imaginable circumstance, from 55 degree
water to 90 degree water, from calm, clear sea conditions to rough cloudy
conditions, and I've never seen them look quite like this," Nedimyer said.

He's been diving the keys since the 1970s, collecting sea life for his
business and growing heartsick over the declining state of the coral reefs
while doing it. He's seen the effects of an explosion in coral diseases and
the impact of human activity all around the reefs. Entire sections have been
nearly stripped of live corals and taken over by algae.

What he's seen since the black water moved through the keys depresses him
even more and has him wondering how long he'll be in business. He may not be
alone.

The Keys supports a $1.3 billion tourism industry that attracts about 3
million visitors each year, who come to snorkel, dive, fish and relax.
Annual commercial landings of fish are valued at roughly $50 million.

Though commercial fishermen reported scant catches of Spanish mackerel and
kingfish this season, landing numbers won't be available for six months,
fisheries officials said Friday.

First spotted by fishermen in January, the black water looked from satellite
pictures to have trailed in along the west coast of Florida late last year
and intensified when it reached western Florida Bay off the Shark River just
below Marco Island and Naples. It now sits atop the lower half of the island
chain as it dissipates.

By the time it reached the 126-mile chain of islands, the black water had
become diluted to about a 10th its intensity, according to fishermen who
first reported the water in January.

Divers out to assess its impact last week said it hadn't yet hit reefs south
of the chain that are most popular with tourists but appeared to be heading
there.

Nedimyer said in visits to dive sites up and down the Keys this week, he saw
similar recent effects where the water had moved through. Sea urchins seem
unharmed by the phenomenon but starfish, including the common serpent star,
were gone in the areas he dived. In a normal dive it's easy to find 50 or
more, but in four dives last week, he found one and it was dead.

Half or more of some sponge species - animals that filter quarts of water
per hour as they feed - were dead after the black water moved through.

"I also saw dead vase sponges, 'stinker' sponges, red and yellow ball
sponges, and red tree sponges," Nedimyer said in a report of a March 22 dive
trip.

Erich Mueller, head of Mote Marine Laboratory's Tropical Research Center in
Summerland Key, was also out on the water last week and noted that some
water was beautiful blue compared to the churned up olive green of the
dissipating black water. Mueller couldn't get a good fix on what was
happening in the channel because of the current and what it might have
already swept away, but he said close monitoring is in order.

"Everything isn't dead down there," he said. "But that's not to say things
aren't affected. ... (Researchers) need to get out more."

Others, including backwater guides and fishermen, reported the water making
its way in and around the Keys as of Friday, killing bottom life but seeming
not to affect fish, birds and mammals.

While Keys residents were on the water assessing the black water damage,
state scientists and those from the University of South Florida generally
downplayed the significance of the algae bloom that likely caused it at a
meeting in St. Petersburg on Thursday.

Researchers who are still looking into the phenomenon noted that water
samples appear normal in most respects, and there have been no fish kills
associated with the water. They say it might be a natural phenomenon, much
like a 100-year flood.

Something that sounds similar to the black water was reported in a 1902
science journal that cited an 1878 ship's log detailing "cypress colored"
water in the same area that killed large numbers of fish, plant life and
corals.

But even if it is a once-in-a-lifetime natural event, Keys residents wonder
at the seemingly nonchalant response from state officials and others.

"I don't understand the state trying to ignore it," said Craig Quirolo,
founder and director of Marine Projects for Reef Relief, an environmental
watchdog group. "People are very concerned. We are getting a lot of calls in
our office from backwater guides who are seeing the downside of this."

Quirolo, who dove Friday for a look, described the water as putrid-looking
and murky, but the destruction in some areas is plain and even more apparent
on video footage.

"Even if these things happen on a natural basis, we're accelerating
everything with the nutrient loading we're doing," Quirolo said.

He was talking about agricultural and sewage runoff from mainland Florida
rivers that makes its way to the Keys via gulf currents and local pollution
from Keys septic tanks.

If scientists link all the data together, the Keys have seen more than 90
percent mortality of coral near the Keys since 1975, said coral expert Phil
Dustan, professor of biology at the College of Charleston in South Carolina
and science adviser for the Cousteau Society.

"The state doesn't want to discuss that," Dustan said.

Scientists at Thursday's meeting said discolored water is typical for the
area, though fishermen and pilots on the water for decades said they'd never
seen anything like it.

State officials also said there was no cause for alarm for boaters, divers
and fishermen, and that bottom communities can rebound in as little as three
years. Researchers are now spot-checking the bottom of the western bay from
Naples to Key West to see if the water did anything to aquatic life there.

The largest part of western Florida Bay, where the water was darkest and
remained for the longest time, is home to sea grass beds, soft corals, sea
whips, sponges and other bottom life that provide shelter for other aquatic
life.

State scientists and others are now scrambling to collect more water samples
and find samples that may have been inadvertently collected during sampling
expeditions out on other business when the black water was in the bay.

Though state officials say they knew about the phenomenon as early as
January, a concerted effort to determine its cause and effects wasn't
launched until late March and headed by the Florida Marine Research
Institute.

Dustan said some bottom-dwelling species will come back fairly quickly under
the right conditions but not all.

"Brain corals might grow a centimeter a year," he said. So a 24-inch brain
coral is about 60 years old. "A lot of corals grow slower than that."

Dustan has been studying Keys reefs for decades and echoed Quirolo, saying
the black water is a symptom of a much larger problem involving nutrients
and other pollutants being dumped in the oceans.

"There may be times when these blooms occur, and they may be a natural
event," he said. "But if you look at the emerging marine diseases on the
planet today and you start to look at the diseases in birds and mammals and
coral and all the various brown tides we've seen to date, there's only one
conclusion you can draw. The oceans are in a lot trouble and we're causing
it."

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Cayman
Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 12:47:16 -0500
From: "scottie" <scottie@99main.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Government of Grand Cayman is about to okay a commerical dock to be
located near the dive site Iron Shore Gardens in the East End of Grand
Cayman.

The site is historically non commercial.  The area has some of the best
coral and marine life you will find any where.  The East End of Cayman is a
world apart from the South side of Cayman.  The coral are healthy and the
marine life is abundant.

The government basically has done a 14 week impact study.  I am an
environmental proffessional whose career is on the marine contractor side of
the fence.  But the rules are the rules.  How can any one make a
determination of feasibility on such a diverse site in 14 weeks?  The person
who is conducting this study is related to the largest property owner on the
east end.

Cayman is a Crown Colony and Great Britian  has signed many treaties to
protect coral.  So if any are interested, I will put out the contact list
that I have.  If any one has had contact with the British environmental
agencies, please contact them.

Thank you

Janet Malloy




Subject: Re: Cayman
Date: Mon, 01 Apr 2002 11:46:10 -0800
From: Tracy Grogan <tgrogan@cisco.com>
To: "scottie" <scottie@99main.com>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

For that it's worth, the following was posted about two months ago, on the
same topic:

There is a proposal to move all of the commercial shipping, including Exxon
& Texaco (with their tanker trucks) out to the East End -- the Ironshore
  Gardens/Blow Hole area to be specific -- a HUGE commercial dock/marina.
Residents will not only have no roads left, but will have an amazing view
of the
  commercial shipping industry, including the huge freighters that will be
sitting offshore, unable to get into the dock (those who have been diving
the East End
  know how iffy the waters can be there). THEN they propose building a huge
dock system in the George Town Harbor so they can have up to TEN (10) cruise
  ships docked there each day.

  WRITE TO:

  Department of Environment, P.O. Box 486 GT, Cayman Islands, B.W.I. -
345-949-8469

  Arden McLean (Government Officer for the East End) - cteam@candw.ky

  McKeeva Bush - Minister for Tourism, Environment & Transport, Government
Administration Building, George Town, Grand Cayman, B.W.I.
  345-244-2458 - jacui.bush@gov.ky

My $0.02,
Tracy

Tracy Grogan
Business Development Manager, US CA Field Marketing
Cisco Systems, Inc.
725 Alder Drive, Milpitas
Bldg 20/2 Floor
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
phone:408-526-4396
fax:-408-527-1047
email:tgrogan@cisco.com

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Subject: coral bleaching
Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 17:53:47 -0800 (PST)
From: "Brbara" Ramos <barbarela_blu@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello!
My name is Brbara and I'm a brazilian student. I'm
finishing the graduation in biology at the federal
university of Pernambuco and my monografy is about
coral bleaching from the reef table type of
Maracajau-RN. I've been orinted by Elga Maal.I`m
working with  2 endemic corals (Siderastrea stellata,
Favia gravida) and Porites astreoides; analising
stable isotops and zooxanthellae density. The fact is
that I'm having some difficulties with metodology and
references, so I'd like to ask you if its possible for
you to send me some articles.
sinceraly grateful, Brbara

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Tax Center - online filing with TurboTax
http://http://taxes.yahoo.com/
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Subject: Coralliophila abbreviata development
Date: Tue, 02 Apr 2002 21:27:05 +0000
From: "Reia Guppy" <reiag@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi,

Does anyone know of any research being conducted on the development of
Coralliophila abbreviata?  Including times of year that egg capsules are
produced, number of capsules per female, and any info pertaining to the
number of males vs. females when collected (and on what coral).

Thanks,
Reia

Reia Guppy
Graduate Student
Biology Department
University of Central Arkansas
201 Donaghey Avenue
Conway, AR 72035
Tel: (501) 450-3146
Fax: (501) 450-5914
Email: reiag@hotmail.com

_________________________________________________________________
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com

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Subject: New Caledonia
Date: Wed, 03 Apr 2002 16:44:42 +0200
From: "chiara caligara" <chiaracaligara@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral List,
I'm a student of the University of Nice France and I'm doing a research with
other students about the reefs of New Caledonia. I'm looking for
informations about the interest of the site: species and  their
environnement which make that region a place that must be protected.
I would like to know which are the problems concerning the management of
this area and which are the rastoration projects accepted or that could
(should) be accepted by the gouvernement.
This is a research about different regions that could make part to the
project Natura 2000.
I hope that there will be somebody able to help us!
Thank you,
regards
Chiara

_________________________________________________________________
Rejoignez le plus grand service de messagerie au monde avec MSN Hotmail.
http://www.hotmail.com/fr

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Subject: Re: New Caledonia
Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2002 07:49:50 +0200
From: Christine Schoenberg <cschoenb@mpi-bremen.de>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, chiaracaligara@hotmail.com

Dear Chiara,

maybe you should try to contact two places:

Institute de recherche pour le developpement
BP A5
Noumea Cedex
Nouvelle Caledonie
You might try Dr. Pascal Douillet via: douillet@noumea.ird.nc

And there's an environmental organisation called Corail Vivant.
They can tell you a lot about management and restoration.
The person to contact would be Didier Baron: baron@offratel.nc

There's also some information in the internet, but there's not much on
nature,
and forget conservation.

Hope that will help a bit.

Cheers, Christine

Dr. Christine Schoenberg
Microsensor Research Group
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology
Celsiusstr. 1
D- 28359 Bremen
Germany
ph +49-421-2028-832
fax +49-421-2028-690
email cschoenb@mpi-bremen.de

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Subject:
Date: Thu, 04 Apr 2002 10:40:18 +0200
From: "Camilla Floros" <florosc@nu.ac.za>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral List

I am trying to locate DR. R. Smith (unfortuntaley I do not have his
first name). He completed his PhD in 1985 from James Cook Univarsity in
Queensland. It was titled, 'Photoreceptors of serpulid polychaetes'.

I would appreciate any leads.

Best regards
Camilla

Camilla Floros
School of Botany and Zoology
University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg
Private Bag X01
Scottsville
3209
South Africa
Email: FlorosC@ nu.ac.za.

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Subject: L'ile aux Benitiers follow-up
Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2002 14:50:36 +0400
From: "Tania van Schalkwyk" <tvs@uskonet.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The effort to save L'ile aux Benitiers from a hotel/resort/delux villas
project continues. For a copy of the following report, please email
tvs@uskonet.com REPORT ON L'ILE AUX BENITIERS, MAURITIUS: Arguments
(Factual & Hypothetical) for Protecting the Islet from Development.

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Subject: RE: coral-list-digest V7 #65
Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2002 08:43:07 -0500
From: John Reed <jreed@HBOI.edu>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello,

I am trying to measure coral growth by using water displacement to
measure
volume change.  The colonies that I intend to measure can be moved and
cannot be damaged at the end of the study.   I would like to be able to
place the colony in a vessel of water of known surface area and measure
the
change in water height once the colony has been added, thus obtaining a
volume that will change with growth.  Has anyone measured coral growth
in
this manner before?  If so, what type of vessel and measuring device did
you
use?  Does anyone know if a company makes such a measuring device for
items
ranging in size from 1cm to 30 cm in diameter?  Any help would be
appreciated .

Thanks

R. Sean Coats
Sr. Biologist
The Florida Aquarium

I did this with measuring the growth of deep- and shallow-water Oculina
varicosa.

Take a 5 gallon plastic bucket (if the diameter is large enough for your
corals) and cut a hole near the top lip.  Insert a plastic pipe so it
sticks
out a few inches and secure with silicone caulk.  Have the pipe at a
slight
angle down.  Place a container under the end of the pipe.  Fill the
bucket
with seawater until it overflows through the pipe and stops dripping.
Empty
the overflow container.  Take the coral and hold with hook and string;
slowly dip the coral into the bucket until completely covered.  Catch
the
water overflow in the container.  Pour this water into a graduated
cylinder
and measure the exact volume displaced.

Reed, J.K.  1981.  In situ growth rates of the scleractinian coral
Oculina
varicosa occurring with zooxanthellae on 6-m reefs and without on 80-m
banks.  Pp. 201-206, In Proceedings Fourth International Coral Reef
Symposium, Vol. 2,  May 1981, Manila, Philippines.

John Reed
Senior Research Specialist
Division of Biomedical Marine Research
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution
5600 U.S. 1, North
Fort Pierce, FL 34946 USA
Telephone- 561-465-2400, ext. 205
Fax- 561-461-2221
e-mail-  jreed@hboi.edu

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list-digest@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list-digest@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]
Sent: Friday, April 05, 2002 12:00 AM
To: coral-list-digest@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral-list-digest V7 #65

coral-list-digest        Friday, April 5 2002        Volume 07 : Number
065

Marea Eleni Hatziolos/Person/World Bank is out of the office.
measuring coral growth
Dendrogyra cylindrus
Volunteer Internship
digests & etiquette
Black Water killing Coral
Cayman
Re: Cayman
coral bleaching
Coralliophila abbreviata development
New Caledonia
Re: New Caledonia
[none]
L'ile aux Benitiers follow-up

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 01:10:56 -0500
From: Mhatziolos@worldbank.org
Subject: Marea Eleni Hatziolos/Person/World Bank is out of the office.

I will be out of the office starting  03/29/2002 and will not return
until
04/08/2002.

I will be out on annual leave from March 29 through April 7 and will not
be
accessing my e-mails.  I will try to respond to your message on my
return.
Thanks!  Marea

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 07:20:41 -0500
From: Sean Coats <Scoats@flaquarium.org>
Subject: measuring coral growth

This message is in MIME format. Since your mail reader does not
understand
this format, some or all of this message may not be legible.

- ------_=_NextPart_001_01C1D71C.24850CC0
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        charset="iso-8859-1"

Hello,

I am trying to measure coral growth by using water displacement to
measure
volume change.  The colonies that I intend to measure can be moved and
cannot be damaged at the end of the study.   I would like to be able to
place the colony in a vessel of water of known surface area and measure
the
change in water height once the colony has been added, thus obtaining a
volume that will change with growth.  Has anyone measured coral growth
in
this manner before?  If so, what type of vessel and measuring device did
you
use?  Does anyone know if a company makes such a measuring device for
items
ranging in size from 1cm to 30 cm in diameter?  Any help would be
appreciated .

Thanks

R. Sean Coats
Sr. Biologist
The Florida Aquarium

- ------_=_NextPart_001_01C1D71C.24850CC0
Content-Type: text/html;
        charset="iso-8859-1"

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">

<META content="MSHTML 5.50.4913.1100" name=GENERATOR></HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Hello,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial size=2>I am trying
to
measure coral growth by using water displacement to measure volume
change.&nbsp;
The colonies that I intend to measure can be moved&nbsp;and cannot
be&nbsp;damaged at the end of the study. &nbsp; I would like to be able
to
place
the colony in a vessel of water of known surface area and measure the
change
in
water height once the colony has been added, thus obtaining a volume
that
will
change with growth.&nbsp; Has anyone measured coral growth in this
manner
before?&nbsp; If so, what type of vessel and measuring device did you
use?&nbsp;
Does anyone know if a company makes such&nbsp;a measuring device for
items
ranging in size from 1cm to 30 cm in diameter?&nbsp; Any help would be
appreciated .</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2>Thanks</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial size=2>R. Sean
Coats</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial size=2>Sr.
Biologist</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=930520512-29032002><FONT face=Arial size=2>The Florida
Aquarium</FONT></SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML>

- ------_=_NextPart_001_01C1D71C.24850CC0--
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menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

------------------------------

Date: Fri, 29 Mar 2002 12:36:26 -0500
From: "Patricia Cardenas" <gorgojo@moose-mail.com>
Subject: Dendrogyra cylindrus

I would appreciate if someone can send me information about
this coral, and about coral restoration and transplant.
Thanks

Patricia Crdenas
Ecology Student

http://www.care2.com - Get your Free e-mail account that helps save
Wildlife!
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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------------------------------

Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 10:28:53 -0400
From: "Coral Reef" <info@reefresearch.org>
Subject: Volunteer Internship

Please announce the following INTERNSHIP opportunity at the Central
Caribbean Marine Institute Little Cayman, Cayman Islands to your
students:

See our website: http//:reefresearch.org
or Interninfo@reefresearch.org

Volunteer Internship: Structure and Diversity of Coral Reefs July 7 - 21
For students interested in assisting in a long-term research project
with
prior coral reef experience.

Central Caribbean Marine Institute CCMI - USA
P.O. Box 1461
Princeton, NJ 08540
(908) 527-2515

CCMI - Cayman
PO Box 37
Little Cayman, Cayman Islands
(345) 948-0107
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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------------------------------

Date: Sun, 31 Mar 2002 17:06:05 GMT
From: coral-list admin <jch@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: digests & etiquette

Greetings,

        This is just a periodic reminder that if you wish, you can
subscribe to the daily coral-list digest, or the weekly digest, instead
of
the standard coral-list receive-when-posted circulation.  You can put
two
commands in a single message to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov :

        subscribe coral-list-daily
        unsubscribe coral-list

if you wish to be added to the daily digest, or

        subscribe coral-list-digest
        unsubscribe coral-list

if you wish to be added to the weekly digest.

I am also attaching here an excerpt from the Welcome Message on
coral-list
etiquette as a reminder.

Thank you so much for your interest and support of coral-list

        Cheers,
        Jim

- -- Etiquette --

1)  When responding to a posting to the list, do not respond
        *back* to the entire list unless you feel it is an
        answer everyone can benefit from.  I think this is
        usually the case, but responses such as, "Yeah, tell
        me, too!" to the entire list will make you unpopular
        in a hurry.  Double-check your "To: " line before
        sending.

2) Do not "flame" (i.e., scold) colleagues via the coral-list.  If
        you feel compelled to chastise someone, please send them
        mail directly and flame away.

3) Please conduct as much preliminary research into a topic
        as possible before posting a query to the list. (In
        other words, you shouldn't expect others to do your
        research for you.) Please consider:

        o  Your librarian (an extremely valuable resource)
        o  The CHAMP Literature Abstracts area at the CHAMP Web site
        o  The CHAMP Online Researcher's Directory
                (i.e., search for your topic, ask the
                experts directly)
        o  The CHAMP (and other) Web sites' links page(s)
        o  The coral-list archives (see below)

  But please *do* avail yourself of the list when you've exhausted
        other sources.

  IMPORTANT NOTE:  To keep from getting irate responses from your
        colleagues, it is suggested that you relate your previous
        efforts to find information that were unsuccessful when
        you post a request.

4)  Please carefully consider the purpose of coral-list
        before posting a message.  This is a forum comprised
        primarily of researchers who devote major portions
        of their work time to the study of corals or
        coral-related issues.

5)  Succinct postings are greatly appreciated by all.

6)  Archives

        Archives of all previous coral-list messages (updated at the
end of each month) can be found at this Web Page:

        http://www.coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/list-archives.html

Please review these messages on topics that may have already been
discussed in detail before you post new messages on the same topic.

~~~~~~~
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------------------------------

Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 09:12:08 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
Subject: Black Water killing Coral

Dear Coral List:

This is the most recent news flash on the ongoing "black water" event in
south Florida.  From this its hard to see where the science starts and
the
hype ends and visa versa.

None the less, the event whether natural or man induced (or enhanced) is
disturbing.

William F. Precht, P.G.
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
2001 NW 107th Avenue
Miami, FL  33172
305-592-7275
fax:305-594-9574
1-800-597-7275
bprecht@pbsj.com

 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Divers find evidence of black water's devastation

Monday, April 1, 2002   Naples Daily News
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/04/naples/d485365a.htm

By CATHY ZOLLO, crzollo@naplesnews.com

Dead and dying sponges crumbled in Ken Nedimyer's hand as he made his
way
along the bottom of the Northwest Channel off Key West last week.

Nearby, brain corals had recently died or were dying as well, the tiny
animals that build the corals decaying in their chambers. Not everything
was
affected, but other corals normally golden brown had an odd white crust
on
them, Nedimyer noted last week and in dives over recent days since black
water from the Southwest Florida coast bathed the keys.

"I've seen these corals under every imaginable circumstance, from 55
degree
water to 90 degree water, from calm, clear sea conditions to rough
cloudy
conditions, and I've never seen them look quite like this," Nedimyer
said.

He's been diving the keys since the 1970s, collecting sea life for his
business and growing heartsick over the declining state of the coral
reefs
while doing it. He's seen the effects of an explosion in coral diseases
and
the impact of human activity all around the reefs. Entire sections have
been
nearly stripped of live corals and taken over by algae.

What he's seen since the black water moved through the keys depresses
him
even more and has him wondering how long he'll be in business. He may
not be
alone.

The Keys supports a $1.3 billion tourism industry that attracts about 3
million visitors each year, who come to snorkel, dive, fish and relax.
Annual commercial landings of fish are valued at roughly $50 million.

Though commercial fishermen reported scant catches of Spanish mackerel
and
kingfish this season, landing numbers won't be available for six months,
fisheries officials said Friday.

First spotted by fishermen in January, the black water looked from
satellite
pictures to have trailed in along the west coast of Florida late last
year
and intensified when it reached western Florida Bay off the Shark River
just
below Marco Island and Naples. It now sits atop the lower half of the
island
chain as it dissipates.

By the time it reached the 126-mile chain of islands, the black water
had
become diluted to about a 10th its intensity, according to fishermen who
first reported the water in January.

Divers out to assess its impact last week said it hadn't yet hit reefs
south
of the chain that are most popular with tourists but appeared to be
heading
there.

Nedimyer said in visits to dive sites up and down the Keys this week, he
saw
similar recent effects where the water had moved through. Sea urchins
seem
unharmed by the phenomenon but starfish, including the common serpent
star,
were gone in the areas he dived. In a normal dive it's easy to find 50
or
more, but in four dives last week, he found one and it was dead.

Half or more of some sponge species - animals that filter quarts of
water
per hour as they feed - were dead after the black water moved through.

"I also saw dead vase sponges, 'stinker' sponges, red and yellow ball
sponges, and red tree sponges," Nedimyer said in a report of a March 22
dive
trip.

Erich Mueller, head of Mote Marine Laboratory's Tropical Research Center
in
Summerland Key, was also out on the water last week and noted that some
water was beautiful blue compared to the churned up olive green of the
dissipating black water. Mueller couldn't get a good fix on what was
happening in the channel because of the current and what it might have
already swept away, but he said close monitoring is in order.

"Everything isn't dead down there," he said. "But that's not to say
things
aren't affected. ... (Researchers) need to get out more."

Others, including backwater guides and fishermen, reported the water
making
its way in and around the Keys as of Friday, killing bottom life but
seeming
not to affect fish, birds and mammals.

While Keys residents were on the water assessing the black water damage,
state scientists and those from the University of South Florida
generally
downplayed the significance of the algae bloom that likely caused it at
a
meeting in St. Petersburg on Thursday.

Researchers who are still looking into the phenomenon noted that water
samples appear normal in most respects, and there have been no fish
kills
associated with the water. They say it might be a natural phenomenon,
much
like a 100-year flood.

Something that sounds similar to the black water was reported in a 1902
science journal that cited an 1878 ship's log detailing "cypress
colored"
water in the same area that killed large numbers of fish, plant life and
corals.

But even if it is a once-in-a-lifetime natural event, Keys residents
wonder
at the seemingly nonchalant response from state officials and others.

"I don't understand the state trying to ignore it," said Craig Quirolo,
founder and director of Marine Projects for Reef Relief, an
environmental
watchdog group. "People are very concerned. We are getting a lot of
calls in
our office from backwater guides who are seeing the downside of this."

Quirolo, who dove Friday for a look, described the water as
putrid-looking
and murky, but the destruction in some areas is plain and even more
apparent
on video footage.

"Even if these things happen on a natural basis, we're accelerating
everything with the nutrient loading we're doing," Quirolo said.

He was talking about agricultural and sewage runoff from mainland
Florida
rivers that makes its way to the Keys via gulf currents and local
pollution
from Keys septic tanks.

If scientists link all the data together, the Keys have seen more than
90
percent mortality of coral near the Keys since 1975, said coral expert
Phil
Dustan, professor of biology at the College of Charleston in South
Carolina
and science adviser for the Cousteau Society.

"The state doesn't want to discuss that," Dustan said.

Scientists at Thursday's meeting said discolored water is typical for
the
area, though fishermen and pilots on the water for decades said they'd
never
seen anything like it.

State officials also said there was no cause for alarm for boaters,
divers
and fishermen, and that bottom communities can rebound in as little as
three
years. Researchers are now spot-checking the bottom of the western bay
from
Naples to Key West to see if the water did anything to aquatic life
there.

The largest part of western Florida Bay, where the water was darkest and
remained for the longest time, is home to sea grass beds, soft corals,
sea
whips, sponges and other bottom life that provide shelter for other
aquatic
life.

State scientists and others are now scrambling to collect more water
samples
and find samples that may have been inadvertently collected during
sampling
expeditions out on other business when the black water was in the bay.

Though state officials say they knew about the phenomenon as early as
January, a concerted effort to determine its cause and effects wasn't
launched until late March and headed by the Florida Marine Research
Institute.

Dustan said some bottom-dwelling species will come back fairly quickly
under
the right conditions but not all.

"Brain corals might grow a centimeter a year," he said. So a 24-inch
brain
coral is about 60 years old. "A lot of corals grow slower than that."

Dustan has been studying Keys reefs for decades and echoed Quirolo,
saying
the black water is a symptom of a much larger problem involving
nutrients
and other pollutants being dumped in the oceans.

"There may be times when these blooms occur, and they may be a natural
event," he said. "But if you look at the emerging marine diseases on the
planet today and you start to look at the diseases in birds and mammals
and
coral and all the various brown tides we've seen to date, there's only
one
conclusion you can draw. The oceans are in a lot trouble and we're
causing
it."

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 12:47:16 -0500
From: "scottie" <scottie@99main.com>
Subject: Cayman

This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

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The Government of Grand Cayman is about to okay a commerical dock to be
=
located near the dive site Iron Shore Gardens in the East End of Grand =
Cayman. =20

The site is historically non commercial.  The area has some of the best
=
coral and marine life you will find any where.  The East End of Cayman =
is a world apart from the South side of Cayman.  The coral are healthy =
and the marine life is abundant. =20

The government basically has done a 14 week impact study.  I am an =
environmental proffessional whose career is on the marine contractor =
side of the fence.  But the rules are the rules.  How can any one make a
=
determination of feasibility on such a diverse site in 14 weeks?  The =
person who is conducting this study is related to the largest property =
owner on the east end. =20

Cayman is a Crown Colony and Great Britian  has signed many treaties to
=
protect coral.  So if any are interested, I will put out the contact =
list that I have.  If any one has had contact with the British =
environmental agencies, please contact them.

Thank you

Janet Malloy

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        charset="iso-8859-1"
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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META http-equiv=3DContent-Type content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Diso-8859-1">
<META content=3D"MSHTML 6.00.2715.400" name=3DGENERATOR>
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>The Government of Grand Cayman is about to okay
=
a=20
commerical dock to be located near the dive site Iron Shore Gardens in =
the East=20
End of Grand Cayman.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>The site is historically non commercial.&nbsp; =
The area=20
has some of the best coral and marine life you will find any =
where.&nbsp; The=20
East End of Cayman is a world apart from the South side of Cayman.&nbsp;
=
The=20
coral are healthy and the marine life is abundant.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>The government basically has done a 14 week =
impact=20
study.&nbsp; I am an environmental proffessional whose career is on the
=
marine=20
contractor side of the fence.&nbsp; But the rules are the rules.&nbsp; =
How can=20
any one make a determination of feasibility on such a diverse site in 14
=

weeks?&nbsp; The person who is conducting this study is related to the =
largest=20
property owner on the east end.&nbsp; </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>Cayman is a Crown Colony and Great Britian&nbsp;
=
has=20
signed many treaties to protect coral.&nbsp; So if any are interested, I
=
will=20
put out the contact list that I have.&nbsp; If any one has had contact =
with the=20
British environmental agencies, please contact them.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>Thank you</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial>Janet Malloy</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

- ------=_NextPart_000_002C_01C1D97B.5AA2AD60--

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------------------------------

Date: Mon, 01 Apr 2002 11:46:10 -0800
From: Tracy Grogan <tgrogan@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: Cayman

For that it's worth, the following was posted about two months ago, on
the
same topic:

There is a proposal to move all of the commercial shipping, including
Exxon
& Texaco (with their tanker trucks) out to the East End -- the Ironshore
  Gardens/Blow Hole area to be specific -- a HUGE commercial
dock/marina.
Residents will not only have no roads left, but will have an amazing
view
of the
  commercial shipping industry, including the huge freighters that will
be
sitting offshore, unable to get into the dock (those who have been
diving
the East End
  know how iffy the waters can be there). THEN they propose building a
huge
dock system in the George Town Harbor so they can have up to TEN (10)
cruise
  ships docked there each day.

  WRITE TO:

  Department of Environment, P.O. Box 486 GT, Cayman Islands, B.W.I. -
345-949-8469

  Arden McLean (Government Officer for the East End) - cteam@candw.ky

  McKeeva Bush - Minister for Tourism, Environment & Transport,
Government
Administration Building, George Town, Grand Cayman, B.W.I.
  345-244-2458 - jacui.bush@gov.ky

My $0.02,
Tracy

Tracy Grogan
Business Development Manager, US CA Field Marketing
Cisco Systems, Inc.
725 Alder Drive, Milpitas
Bldg 20/2 Floor
San Jose, CA 95134-1706
phone:408-526-4396
fax:-408-527-1047
email:tgrogan@cisco.com

~~~~~~~
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------------------------------

Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2002 17:53:47 -0800 (PST)
From: "Brbara" Ramos <barbarela_blu@yahoo.com>
Subject: coral bleaching

Hello!
My name is Brbara and I'm a brazilian student. I'm
finishing the graduation in biology at the federal
university of Pernambuco and my monografy is about
coral bleaching from the reef table type of
Maracajau-RN. I've been orinted by Elga Maal.I`m
working with  2 endemic corals (Siderastrea stellata,
Favia gravida) and Porites astreoides; analising
stable isotops and zooxanthellae density. The fact is
that I'm having some difficulties with metodology and
references, so I'd like to ask you if its possible for
you to send me some articles.
sinceraly grateful, Brbara

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Tax Center - online filing with TurboTax
http://http://taxes.yahoo.com/
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------------------------------

Date: Tue, 02 Apr 2002 21:27:05 +0000
From: "Reia Guppy" <reiag@hotmail.com>
Subject: Coralliophila abbreviata development

Hi,

Does anyone know of any research being conducted on the development of
Coralliophila abbreviata?  Including times of year that egg capsules are
produced, number of capsules per female, and any info pertaining to the
number of males vs. females when collected (and on what coral).

Thanks,
Reia

Reia Guppy
Graduate Student
Biology Department
University of Central Arkansas
201 Donaghey Avenue
Conway, AR 72035
Tel: (501) 450-3146
Fax: (501) 450-5914
Email: reiag@hotmail.com

_________________________________________________________________
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com

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------------------------------

Date: Wed, 03 Apr 2002 16:44:42 +0200
From: "chiara caligara" <chiaracaligara@hotmail.com>
Subject: New Caledonia

Dear Coral List,
I'm a student of the University of Nice France and I'm doing a research
with

other students about the reefs of New Caledonia. I'm looking for
informations about the interest of the site: species and  their
environnement which make that region a place that must be protected.
I would like to know which are the problems concerning the management of
this area and which are the rastoration projects accepted or that could
(should) be accepted by the gouvernement.
This is a research about different regions that could make part to the
project Natura 2000.
I hope that there will be somebody able to help us!
Thank you,
regards
Chiara

_________________________________________________________________
Rejoignez le plus grand service de messagerie au monde avec MSN Hotmail.
http://www.hotmail.com/fr

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------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2002 07:49:50 +0200
From: Christine Schoenberg <cschoenb@mpi-bremen.de>
Subject: Re: New Caledonia

Dear Chiara,

maybe you should try to contact two places:

Institute de recherche pour le developpement
BP A5
Noumea Cedex
Nouvelle Caledonie
You might try Dr. Pascal Douillet via: douillet@noumea.ird.nc

And there's an environmental organisation called Corail Vivant.
They can tell you a lot about management and restoration.
The person to contact would be Didier Baron: baron@offratel.nc

There's also some information in the internet, but there's not much on
nature,
and forget conservation.

Hope that will help a bit.

Cheers, Christine

Dr. Christine Schoenberg
Microsensor Research Group
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology
Celsiusstr. 1
D- 28359 Bremen
Germany
ph +49-421-2028-832
fax +49-421-2028-690
email cschoenb@mpi-bremen.de

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------------------------------

Date: Thu, 04 Apr 2002 10:40:18 +0200
From: "Camilla Floros" <florosc@nu.ac.za>
Subject: [none]

Dear Coral List

I am trying to locate DR. R. Smith (unfortuntaley I do not have his
first name). He completed his PhD in 1985 from James Cook Univarsity in
Queensland. It was titled, 'Photoreceptors of serpulid polychaetes'.

I would appreciate any leads.

Best regards
Camilla

Camilla Floros
School of Botany and Zoology
University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg
Private Bag X01
Scottsville
3209
South Africa
Email: FlorosC@ nu.ac.za.

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------------------------------

Date: Thu, 4 Apr 2002 14:50:36 +0400
From: "Tania van Schalkwyk" <tvs@uskonet.com>
Subject: L'ile aux Benitiers follow-up

The effort to save L'ile aux Benitiers from a hotel/resort/delux villas
project continues. For a copy of the following report, please email
tvs@uskonet.com REPORT ON L'ILE AUX BENITIERS, MAURITIUS: Arguments
(Factual & Hypothetical) for Protecting the Islet from Development.

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------------------------------

End of coral-list-digest V7 #65
*******************************

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Subject:
Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2002 16:05:00 GMT
From: "Alifereti Tawake, IAS" <tawake_a@usp.ac.fj>
To: wwf <wwf@solomon.com.sb>, lizette.Wilson@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

<Lwilson@wwfpacific.org.fj>, coral-list
Date: Fri, 5 Apr 2002 19:45:28 -0800
Subject: Re: Fw: community-based monitoring
CC: lizmat@palaunet.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
        emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Dan and Liz mathews,

Thanks for your interest. I ve been on the road for the last few
weeks.
Regarding your request about the reprint of the CBIP paper,
Lissette will be bringing a copy over to you to Sol Islands and
some other infor on the LMMA, the LMMA Learning Framework
which may of help to you. The Fiji LMMA Network member projects
ie community-based are using this framework and are finding it
useful as a learning tool where we can systematically collect
"comparable" (close to standardised) information in assessing how
our interventions (MPAs, no-take, effort restrictions, awareness
etc) are influencing our inshore fishery, the marine resources and
the people that depended on them. I hope you'll find it useful.

As per Community based monitoring, we are doing some
community based reef monitoring. We are still exploring the
methods that is useful, measurable but cheap and easy for the
community to implement for their own marine resource
management decisions and adaptive management.

 Liz Mathews i can send you some of the lessons that weve
learned from this exploration work once ive settled in.May be you
can let me know what specific information you need. You can also
check out the article that we published in the Conservation Biology
in Practice journal (Vol 2 No 4).Fall 2001 issue on Harvesting
Clams and Data.(pg 32-35)

Liz FYI the CRC team (Lyne and Don) is here in Fiji this week for
the Fiji ICZM workshop.

Later
alifereti Tawake



Re: your request
On 23 Mar 2002, at 16:59, wwf wrote:

Date sent:              Sat, 23 Mar 2002 16:59:09 +1100
From:                   wwf <wwf@solomon.com.sb>
Subject:                Fw: community-based monitoring
To:                     tawake_a@usp.ac.fj

> Hey Alifereti
> Hope things are going well. Don't know if you're on the coral list,
> but thought you could answer this question very well. Attached is the
> way to join. Cheers mate, Dan
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Liz Matthews" <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>
> To: "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Sent: Saturday, March 23, 2002 12:36 PM
> Subject: community-based monitoring
>
>
> > Dear Listers,
> >
> > The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more
> > closely involve community members in the monitoring of marine
> > conservation areas - both as a means to monitor the fish,
> > invertebrates, etc. in the conservation areas as well as to create
> > opportunities for local people to see for themselves the benefits of
> > conservation.  I would like to hear from any of you who have
> > experience with community-based monitoring of coral reefs and marine
> > resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any help is greatly
> > appreciated.
> >
> > Thanks.
> > Liz Matthews
> >
> > ><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
> > Palau Conservation Society
> > Box 1811
> > Koror, Palau 96940
> >
> > tel: 680.488.3993
> >
> > lizmat@palaunet.com
> > emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu
> >
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on
> > the menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
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Subject: Re: community-based monitoring
Date: Fri, 05 Apr 2002 07:27:15 -1000
From: John Naughton <john.naughton@noaa.gov>
To: Liz Matthews <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>
CC: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi Liz:

Sorry for the late reply.  I'm curious if PCS is considering community based
monitoring in Palau for the Ngeremeduu Conservation Area off the west side
of Babeldaob Island.  As you know, this 30,000 acre MPA has been established
as partial mitigation for the huge Palau Compact Road project, for which I
represent NMFS/NOAA as a Cooperating Agency partner for all environmental
issues associated with the project.

During one of our recent bi-annual survey trips the Cooperating Agencies met
with the PCS, PICRC, etc to encourage a community-based monitoring project
for this large and very significant MPA (protecting an entire ecosystem from
the watershed, mangroves, lagoonal habitat, all the way out to and including
a large portion of the west barrier reef).  I've had considerable experience
in monitoring of large scale coral reef ecosystems, and would like to get
together with you during our next survey trip to Palau in June (to be held
in conjunction with the EPA Pacific Islands Conference).

Aloha,        John

Liz Matthews wrote:

> Dear Listers,
>
> The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more closely
> involve community members in the monitoring of marine conservation areas
> - both as a means to monitor the fish, invertebrates, etc. in the
> conservation areas as well as to create opportunities for local people
> to see for themselves the benefits of conservation.  I would like to
> hear from any of you who have experience with community-based monitoring
> of coral reefs and marine resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any
> help is greatly appreciated.
>
> Thanks.
> Liz Matthews
>
> ><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
> Palau Conservation Society
> Box 1811
> Koror, Palau 96940
>
> tel: 680.488.3993
>
> lizmat@palaunet.com
> emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: community-based monitoring
Date: Fri, 05 Apr 2002 08:24:28 -1000
From: Sara Peck <peck@hawaii.edu>
To: John Naughton <john.naughton@noaa.gov>,
     Liz Matthews <emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu>, darkona@interpac.net
CC: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Aloha John and All,
         I am pleased to hear that people are comparing notes on
community-based monitoring.
         We have been doing this on a small scale (compared to the
Ngeremeduu Conservation Area) here in West Hawaii for over two years.  We
have finally begun to put our data into excel database format, to see what
we have so far in terms of data.  We are gaining more interest around the
Big Island of Hawaii...people want to join the effort.  Our protocols were
developed in collaboration with our aquatic biologist, Dr. Bill Walsh, Dr.
Brian Tissot, and the volunteers themselves.  The survey list is mainly of
fishes Walsh  and Tissot requested.  Our challenge was to develop methods
people wouldn't tire of quickly and would enjoy doing.  So far, these
protocols are working well for this particular focus. If anyone wants
information about these protocols, please contact me.
         In addition, we are now working with isolated communities
comprised more of subsistence  indigenous fishers.  I am looking for
protocols (as is Liz, I see) that have been successfully used by community
members for monitoring shoreline and near shore food fishes, inverts and
algae.
         Mahalo in advance for your time.
Sara Peck, UH Sea Grant Extension Service, West Hawaii
PO Box 489
Kailua-Kona HI  96745
808.329.2861=v; 329.6998-fx

At 07:27 AM 4/5/02 -1000, John Naughton wrote:
>Hi Liz:
>
>Sorry for the late reply.  I'm curious if PCS is considering community
based
>monitoring in Palau for the Ngeremeduu Conservation Area off the west side
>of Babeldaob Island.  As you know, this 30,000 acre MPA has been
established
>as partial mitigation for the huge Palau Compact Road project, for which I
>represent NMFS/NOAA as a Cooperating Agency partner for all environmental
>issues associated with the project.
>
>During one of our recent bi-annual survey trips the Cooperating Agencies
met
>with the PCS, PICRC, etc to encourage a community-based monitoring project
>for this large and very significant MPA (protecting an entire ecosystem
from
>the watershed, mangroves, lagoonal habitat, all the way out to and
including
>a large portion of the west barrier reef).  I've had considerable
experience
>in monitoring of large scale coral reef ecosystems, and would like to get
>together with you during our next survey trip to Palau in June (to be held
>in conjunction with the EPA Pacific Islands Conference).
>
>Aloha,        John
>
>
>Liz Matthews wrote:
>
> > Dear Listers,
> >
> > The Palau Conservation Society is developing a strategy to more closely
> > involve community members in the monitoring of marine conservation areas
> > - both as a means to monitor the fish, invertebrates, etc. in the
> > conservation areas as well as to create opportunities for local people
> > to see for themselves the benefits of conservation.  I would like to
> > hear from any of you who have experience with community-based monitoring
> > of coral reefs and marine resources.  What has worked?  What hasn't? Any
> > help is greatly appreciated.
> >
> > Thanks.
> > Liz Matthews
> >
> > ><//>  ><//>  >>><<>><<<  <\\><  <\\><
> > Palau Conservation Society
> > Box 1811
> > Koror, Palau 96940
> >
> > tel: 680.488.3993
> >
> > lizmat@palaunet.com
> > emat2715@postoffice.uri.edu
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> > menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
>menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: "Hot" news - seaweed burns in winter?
Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 12:42:50 -0300
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral list,

Regarding marine organisms suffering undue "heat" stress, we have an
interesting aberration in intertidal seaweeds in Atlantic Canada at this
time. Some of you may be familiar with "Ascophyllum nodosum," if not, it's
the dominant brown seaweed in this temperate zone. The plant is a fairly
large, very long lived perennial - and individuals can live for many
decades. Ascophyllum with lowered pigmentation appears yellow, although the
color of the plant when it is healthy is a deep olive green. Anyhow, in
areas with the lowest nutrient regimes (highest intertidal points, lowest
water flow rates) Ascophyllum is now dying off. The dead seaweed initially
appears red, then black, looking for all the world like something that has
been burned. Inquiries to phycologists have received the consistent answer
that these plants have been damaged by excessive degrees of "heat"....which
was semi-plausible until the burnt effect started to appear in the winter.

I've posted an article on this with pictures at:
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/seaweed3.html   , in which I've argued that
the immediate stress killing these seaweeds is more likely to be
dessication than heat (we have low temperatures, high winds and low
relative humidity at this time, although the weather is completely normal
for this season, it seems to be killing off these stressed seaweeds.) Due
to their longevity, spanning decades, it appears that some Ascophyllum
plants are now finding themselves situated in a hostile environment, at a
location that was once hospitable. Has the quality of the seawater
deteriorated in recent decades to the point that it will no longer sustain
seaweeds in these (very clean) locations where they once thrived? That's
what it looks like to me - and although I'm certainly open to entertaining
other explanatory ideas, I've not seen any yet.

I've posted this to the coral list because, as you know, I've been trying
to plant a little seed of doubt that all the changes that we think we're
seeing due to elevated temperatures are in fact entirely hinged on
"heat"...and also that marine nutrient cycling might not be all that it
used to be...

cheers,
Debbie MacKenzie

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Subject: condition of reefs at Kargh Island....
Date: Mon, 8 Apr 2002 13:38:57 -0400
From: "Jack Stephens" <jaq@pipeline.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I am writting a book to be published in conjunction with an IMAX film whose
topic is coral reefs.  Can anybody tell me what the condition of the reefs
around Kargh Island in the Persian Gulf currently are?  This was held up as
an example by the oil industry, 40 years ago, of an area not impacted by oil
drilling when drilling on the Great Barrier Reef was the issue.

Any info much appreciated.  Thanks.

Jack Stephens

Subject: RE: "Hot" news - seaweed burns in winter?
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 08:09:19 +1000
From: "Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" <oveh@uq.edu.au>
Organization: Centre for Marine Studies
To: "'Debbie MacKenzie'" <debimack@auracom.com>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Except that colder than normal conditions will cause the identical
symptoms to those of elevated temperature (well established in the plant
physiological literature).  Given that warm disturbances like El Nino
events may also be accompanied/followed by periods of lower than normal
temperatures (which we have seen on the southern GBR in 1999 for example
- and, yes, coral bleaching in winter), the observation of "burning"
seaweeds in winter is not too disturbing.  What was the temperature
relative to the long term average?

Cheers,

Ove

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Debbie
MacKenzie
Sent: Tuesday, April 09, 2002 1:43 AM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: "Hot" news - seaweed burns in winter?

Dear coral list,

Regarding marine organisms suffering undue "heat" stress, we have an
interesting aberration in intertidal seaweeds in Atlantic Canada at this

time. Some of you may be familiar with "Ascophyllum nodosum," if not,
it's
the dominant brown seaweed in this temperate zone. The plant is a fairly

large, very long lived perennial - and individuals can live for many
decades. Ascophyllum with lowered pigmentation appears yellow, although
the
color of the plant when it is healthy is a deep olive green. Anyhow, in
areas with the lowest nutrient regimes (highest intertidal points,
lowest
water flow rates) Ascophyllum is now dying off. The dead seaweed
initially
appears red, then black, looking for all the world like something that
has
been burned. Inquiries to phycologists have received the consistent
answer
that these plants have been damaged by excessive degrees of
"heat"....which
was semi-plausible until the burnt effect started to appear in the
winter.

I've posted an article on this with pictures at:
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/seaweed3.html   , in which I've argued that

the immediate stress killing these seaweeds is more likely to be
dessication than heat (we have low temperatures, high winds and low
relative humidity at this time, although the weather is completely
normal
for this season, it seems to be killing off these stressed seaweeds.)
Due
to their longevity, spanning decades, it appears that some Ascophyllum
plants are now finding themselves situated in a hostile environment, at
a
location that was once hospitable. Has the quality of the seawater
deteriorated in recent decades to the point that it will no longer
sustain
seaweeds in these (very clean) locations where they once thrived? That's

what it looks like to me - and although I'm certainly open to
entertaining
other explanatory ideas, I've not seen any yet.

I've posted this to the coral list because, as you know, I've been
trying
to plant a little seed of doubt that all the changes that we think we're

seeing due to elevated temperatures are in fact entirely hinged on
"heat"...and also that marine nutrient cycling might not be all that it
used to be...

cheers,
Debbie MacKenzie

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Summer 2002 Spawning best guesses
Date: Mon, 08 Apr 2002 18:24:59 -0400
From: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear All:

I have received multiple inquiries these past few days about coral spawning
dates for the summer of 2002.  For the Florida Keys (and nearshore
waters...) my best estimate is as follows:

Full moon is on August 22 at 22:30 hr (very unambiguous full moon date).

Acropora has spawned for us in the past 2 to 4 days after the full moon (but
last year 5 days after full moon):  August 24 to 26

Montastraea usually spawns 6 to 8 nights after the full moon (best night, 7
nights after the full moon):  Aug 28 to 30.

As usual, the corals have full authority to do it whenever they wish, and I
make no guarantees that these are accurate predictions, just our best guess
based on experience.

Towards the lower Caribbean I would expect spawning to be a month later or
maybe both months since it is so late in August.  For the mid-Caribbean
(e.g. Puerto Rico) and Bahamas, I expect the corals to use the August spawn
period.  Bermuda corals might spawn in late July as well as in August.

Please let me know what you see out there next summer.  the more
observations we collect, the more we can refine our estimates (maybe...).

Best wishes,

Alina Szmant

*******************************************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
Professor of Biology
Center for Marine Science
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
5600  Marvin K. Moss Lane
Wilmington  NC  28409-5928
tel:  (910)962-2362  fax:  (910)962-2410
email:  szmanta@uncwil.edu
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
******************************************************************

Subject: AIMS LTMP Survey Update
Date: Tue, 09 Apr 2002 16:22:46 +1000
From: imiller <imiller@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers

Please find the latest survey update from the Australian Institute of
Marine Science Long Term Monitoring Program (AIMS LTMP) at

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/ltm/ltm20020205-gbr.html
The update includes information on crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks and
coral bleaching in the Townsville sector of the Great Barrier Reef.

If you would like to look at other trips by the LTMP these are archived on
our web page at
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/reef-monitoring-index.
html
This page also contains a host of information from the LTMP. I look forward
to any comments that you may have.

Cheers Ian

Ian Miller MSc BSc
Coordinator Broadscale Surveys
AIMS Long-term Monitoring Program
email: i.miller@aims.gov.au
Ph:07 47 534 471
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Subject: FL Keys reef directory?
Date: Tue, 09 Apr 2002 10:24:50 -0400
From: Mikhail Matz <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
Organization: Whitney Laboratory, UF
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Listers,

Could anybody please direct me to the kind of directory of the coral
reefs of Florida Keys? I am [almost] sure there is sometyhing like this
around; I am interested in the list of the best known locations with
brief descriptions. The descriptions I am looking for would include
latitude-longitude, depth, reef type, major reef-building species, and
relevant events documented in the recent past (such as hurricane damage
or bleaching).
This information I need to pick out several ecologically different
locations to study the distribution of color morphs of certain coral
species between them. I would greatly appreciate your advice.

cheers,
Mike

--
Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.

Whitney Laboratory
University of Florida
9505 Ocean Shore blvd
St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
phone +1 904 461 4025
fax +1 904 461 4008

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Subject: Postion Announcement
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 10:48:10 -0400
From: "Virginia H Garrison" <ginger_garrison@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello all,

A US Geological Survey position for an Ecologist (coral reefs) GS-11 has
opened, to be based in the Virgin Islands (with some time spent in St.
Petersburg, FL).

The announcement (USGS-S-02-205) can be found at
http://www.usajobs.opm.gov/.   This is for a 13 month term appointment,
renewable up to 4 years.  Please forward this to all who might be
interested in the position.

Thank you,

Ginger

Ginger  Garrison
Marine Ecologist
USGS
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701

Tel: 727 803-8747 ext. 3061
Fax: 727 803-2030
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Subject: Re: FL Keys reef directory?
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 11:03:38 -0400
From: "david palandro" <palandro@seas.marine.usf.edu>
Organization: usf
To: <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>, "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Mike,
For starters, try the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Site:
http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov.  They give an excellent base description of
the different reef sites.
Good luck,
Dave

David Palandro
Institute for Marine Remote Sensing
College of Marine Science
University of South Florida
140 7th Avenue South
Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701
(727)-553-1186
(727)-553-1103 (fax)
palandro@seas.marine.usf.edu
http://imars.marine.usf.edu

----- Original Message -----
From: "Mikhail Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Tuesday, April 09, 2002 10:24 AM
Subject: FL Keys reef directory?

> Dear Listers,
>
> Could anybody please direct me to the kind of directory of the coral
> reefs of Florida Keys? I am [almost] sure there is sometyhing like this
> around; I am interested in the list of the best known locations with
> brief descriptions. The descriptions I am looking for would include
> latitude-longitude, depth, reef type, major reef-building species, and
> relevant events documented in the recent past (such as hurricane damage
> or bleaching).
> This information I need to pick out several ecologically different
> locations to study the distribution of color morphs of certain coral
> species between them. I would greatly appreciate your advice.
>
> cheers,
> Mike
>
> --
> Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.
>
> Whitney Laboratory
> University of Florida
> 9505 Ocean Shore blvd
> St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
> phone +1 904 461 4025
> fax +1 904 461 4008
>
>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
>
>

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Subject: Research Funding through Earthwatch Institute
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 15:24:36 -0400
From: "Jonathan Howe" <jhowe@earthwatch.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Subject: Just released! "Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands"
Date: Tue, 9 Apr 2002 12:13:28 -1000
From: "HCRI Research Program" <HCRIResearchProgram@hawaii.rr.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Community Based Monitoring
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 09:46:52 +0400
From: David Obura <dobura@africaonline.co.ke>
Organization: CORDIO East Africa
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear listers,

Apologies for being a little late to the game (thanks to fieldwork) ...

The last 5 years has seen a significant growth in the used of
Community-Based Monitoring mostly in community and protected-area
projects in Mozambique, Tanzania and Kenya.  We recently reported on
this in three projects - the Kiunga Marine Reserve, Kenya (Kenya
Wildlife Service and WWF), the Diani area, Kenya (not a project,
supported by CORDIO) and the Tanga Coastal Zone Conservation and
Development Project, Tanzania (District government and IUCN) - in a
paper that is just coming out in Marine and Freshwater Fisheries and is
available electronically now and in print soon.  The reference is-

Obura, D.O., Wells, S., Church, J., Horrill, C.. (2002) Monitoring of
fish and fish catches by local fishermen in Kenya and Tanzania. Marine
and Freshwater Fisheries 53(2) xx-xx

Each of the projects has a great deal more experience than can be
written in peer-reviewed publications and we are trying to get a more
coherent framework for sharing experiences for ourselves and for the
community participants in the projects.  For more information on any of
these, feel free to contact the projects directly, and two of the most
accessible references are also given below.

regards,

David

CONTACTS
Kiunga Marine Reserve - wwfkiungu@eikmail.com
Diani area - dobura@africaonline.co.ke
Tanga Project - tangacoast@kaributanga.com

ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
Horrill JC, Kalombo H, and Makoloweka S 2001.  Collaborative Reef and
Reef Fisheries Management in Tanga, Tanzania.  Tanga Coastal Zone
Conservation and Development Programme/IUCN Eastern Africa Programme.
IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi, Kenya.  37 pp.

Obura, D.O. 2001. Participatory Monitoring Of Shallow Tropical Marine
Fisheries By Artisanal Fishers In Diani, Kenya. Bulletin of Marine
Science. 69:777-792.

--
<+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+>

David Obura
CORDIO-East Africa
P.O.BOX 10135, Mombasa, Kenya
Tel/fax: +254-11-486473; Home: 474582; 0733-851656
Email: dobura@africaonline.co.ke Web: http://www.cordio.org

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: MB in Australia Information
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 2002 11:27:58 -0700
From: Phil Pepe <phil.pepe@pcmail.maricopa.edu>
Organization: Phoenix College
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

>>
>>
>>  Phoenix College Marine Biology Courses at Whitsunday College, Australia
>>
>> This unique, marine biology program will be open to 15 students and
>> faculty that are in good physical condition, are proficient swimmers,
>> and have the ability to adapt to unfamiliar food, culture and
>> surroundings. Participants will enroll in BIO 149AL Ecological Field
>> Experience (2 credits) and BIO 148 Coral Reef Ecology (1 credit) through
>> Phoenix College and Great Barrier Reef Naturalist Course through
>> Whitsunday College and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. They
>> will be required to attend a field trip to Australia from June 1 to 16,
>> 2002. The Whitsunday College Campus in Cannonvale, Queensland will be
>> our base of operations in Australia. Participants will spend their days
>> in a guided exploration of the coast that will include many fascinating
>> discussions of tropical marine biology and marine conservation.
>> Activities will include nature walks and snorkeling or scuba diving
>> excursions led by trained naturalists and guides. The program will
>> include trips to the Whitsunday Islands and the Great Barrier Reef.
>>
>> Tentative Schedule (subject to change):
>>
>> June 1 (Sat)      Fly from Los Angeles to Brisbane, Australia
>> June 2 (Sun)     Arrive Brisbane and Transfer to Cannonvale (includes a
>> flight and a bus)
>>                         Unpack and settle in
>> June 3 (Mon)    Orientation Meeting at Whitsunday College
>>                         Water Safety Workshop at Whitsunday College
>>                         Snorkel Checkout
>>                         "Nature Walk"
>> June 4 (Tue)     Snorkel/Shore Dive
>>                         "Nature Walk"
>>                         Reef Talk
>> June 5 (Wed)    Day trip to Snorkel/Dive in Whitsunday Islands (boat
>> charter)
>>                         Reef Talk
>> June 6 (Thu)      "Nature Walk"
>>                         Reef Talk
>> June 7 (Fri)        Day trip to Snorkel/Dive in Whitsunday Islands (boat
>> charter)
>>                         Reef Talk
>> June 8 (Sat)       Free time
>> June 9 (Sun)       Free time
>> June 10 (Mon)    Snorkel/Shore Dive
>>                           "Nature Walk"
>>                           Reef Talk
>> June 11 (Tue)     Snorkel/Shore Dive or "Nature Walk"
>>                           Prepare for Live-aboard Boat Trip
>>                           Depart from Shute Harbor in evening on
>> Live-aboard
>> June 12 (Wed)   Snorkel/Dive on Great Barrier Reef from Live-aboard
>> June 13 (Thu)     Snorkel/Dive on Great Barrier Reef from Live-aboard
>> June 14 (Fri)      Snorkel/Dive in Whitsunday Islands from Live-aboard
>>                           Return to Shute Harbor by LunchtimeReef Talk
>>
>> June 15 (Sat)     Packing and readying for Departure
>>                          Transfer to Brisbane (includes bus and a
>> flight)
>> June 16 (Sun)     Fly from Brisbane to Los Angeles
>>
>>
>> Expenses associated with the program (these are estimated expenses):
>>
>> EXPENSE ITEM                                 COST PER STUDENT
>> Transportation (air from LAX, bus, other)    $1,750.00
>> Lodging                                                          $500.00
>>
>> Food
>> $250.00
>> Program Fees                                                 $200.00
>> Boat Charters (day trips, live-aboard)              $465.00
>> Contingency                                                   $100.00
>> Tuition and Fees                                             $239.00
>>
>> Total Cost of Program                               $3,504.00
>>
>>
>

  Philip Pepe <phil.pepe@pcmail.maricopa.edu>

  Philip Pepe
    <phil.pepe@pcmail.maricopa.edu>
    Fax: (602) 285-7349
    Home: (602) 460-0179
    Work: (602) 285-7106
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Pepe
  First Name    Philip
  Version       2.1

Subject: Re: "Hot" news - seaweed burns in winter? (due to UV?)
Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 12:26:01 -0300
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral list,

Thanks for the feedback. Ove suggested that the Ascophyllum may have been
damaged by unusually cold winter weather, and asked:

>.  What was the temperature
>relative to the long term average?

I had described it as "cold" but what I meant was only that it is still
uncomfortable to take photos without gloves on - which is not unusual.
Temperatures here have been within normal, a bit milder than average if
anything, during the last 6 weeks. We had a cold snap early in February
with temperature dropping below the long term average, but this does not
stand out as unusual since it seems to happen every winter at some point
during January-February. List members tend not to appreciate email
attachments so if you're interested, I've added a temperatue graph from
Environment Canada to the bottom of the references for my 'burnt seaweed'
article. It shows temperature fluctuations for the past year as compared to
a 30 year average. ( http://www.fisherycrisis.com/seaweed3.html )  Also,
Ascophyllum has a very high tolerance for cold, extending it's range well
into northern areas that are far colder than this one. Simple cold injury
looks extremely unlikely.

Several people suggested that the damage to the seaweed might have been
caused by an increase in UV radiation and that I'd dismissed that
possibility too quickly. Maybe so, probably UV damage deserves a closer
look, although the pattern of vulnerability and resistance certainly does
not correlate well simply to degrees of solar radiation exposure. But I
can't rule out the possibility that it's the combination of rising UV
radiation and lowered nutrient availability. (BTW, Environment Canada
estimates that UV radiation has increased by 7 - 10% over the last few
decades in this area.)

The biggest reason that I don't see this new 'natural mortality' in
Asclophyllum as likely to be primarily caused by increasing UV is that
increasing UV simply does not explain coincident and very similar changes
that are visible in other organisms in the immediate area. For example,
there has been a major change in populations of barnacles and mussels in
the area, with vertical range contraction very apparent in the barnacles
and concentration of both species now being limited to high water flow
areas (or heavily nutrient enriched areas such as polluted harbours). It is
hard to imagine these species, with their heavy shells, being particularly
vulnerable to UV or being the earliest casualties...and even if they were,
their pattern of redistribution only makes sense in relation to feeding
opportunities. I have described this in detail in
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/barnacles.html .

And comparing the 'burnt' damage in Ascophyllum to a very similar pattern
occuring in neighbouring perennial "fucus" seaweeds seems to strengthen the
'nutrient' connection. (Very interesting, two brown seaweeds, one capable
of translocation of nutrients to the growth tips (fucus), one not (Asco)...
with the result being that fucus appears to 'burn' in reverse - "heat" or
"light" or "whatever" damage occurring from the holdfast up. If you'd like
to see what I mean, look at http://www.fisherycrisis.com/seaweed2.htm ).

I see the whole ecosystem as changing, looking 'sick,' and a symptom like
the 'burnt Asco' needs to be assessed in the context of the total picture
of co-occurring signs/symptoms/changes. Regarding the area of the rocky
reef that I featured in the 'burnt Asco' article, the last few decades have
seen enormous change in the marine life living there. Once there were many
mussels growing on the reef (now there are none), and many species of small
fish lived in the water (little perch, flatfish, sculpins, eels, etc...now
these are never seen). Starfish and anemones have disappeared, as have
clams. A bed of eelgrass grew beside the reef, but not a blade has been
seen for at least 20 years. The salt marsh is gradually shrinking. There is
no reason to think that terrestrial source organic input to the cove has
changed, yet water clarity seems to have improved. There are a few snails
(much fewer than years ago) and a few very small crabs and virtually
nothing else visible that moves. Visible new organisms include a very heavy
brown filamentous epiphyte on the subtidal rockweeds and short-lived green
filamentous growths on the rocks and upper rockweeds.

Like a patient presenting to a doctor with 'dry itchy skin,' the 'burnt
Asco' is only one sign of what seems to be a systemic malady. Efforts to
diagnose the cause of 'itchy skin' must obviously go far beyond looking at
temperature and UV exposure patterns and examining skin scrapings under a
microscope (although these investigations are relevant). A complete
'history and physical' needs to be done. If the patient turns out to have
split fingernails, falling hair, losing teeth, extremely low body weight,
depression and anorexia...the 'dry itchy skin' fits perfectly into a
pattern of chronic malnutrition. If the patient, on the other hand, appears
to be in otherwise normal health, the 'dry itchy skin' might simply be the
result of transient exposure to environmental extremes of temperature or
solar radiation.

sincerely,
Debbie MacKenize

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Healthy Reef Foundation?
Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 07:37:45 -1000
From: Charles Delbeek <delbeek@waquarium.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Has anyone heard of an organization called the "Healthy Reef Foundation" or
a company called Applied Marine Technology LTD
both located in the Dominican Republic? They claim to have propagated
38,000 pieces of coral and replanting these on local reefs. They also claim
to treat diseased corals and cure them.

Aloha!
J. Charles Delbeek
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
2777 Kalakaua Ave.
Honolulu, HI, USA 96815
808-923-9741
808-923-1771 FAX

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Healthy Reef Foundation
Date: Thu, 11 Apr 2002 12:57:06 -1000
From: Charles Delbeek <delbeek@waquarium.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Thanks to all who replied concerning this operation. My mistake, I meant
they were on Dominica, not the Dominican Republic.... though rumor has it
they may be moving to Jamaica.

Aloha!
J. Charles Delbeek
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
2777 Kalakaua Ave.
Honolulu, HI, USA 96815
808-923-9741
808-923-1771 FAX

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Vacancy: Bonaire National Marine Park Project Manager
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 13:28:12 -0400
From: "STINAPA Bonaire" <stinapa@bonairelive.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The FOUNDATION NATIONAL PARKS BONAIRE (STINAPA Bonaire) manages the =
Bonaire National Marine Park and the Washington Slagbaai National Park =
and advises the government and private entities. The organization staffs
=
16 and strives for further professionalization. In this framework the =
board of the foundation is looking for a

MARINE PARK PROJECT MANAGER

Main characteristics of the function.

The project manager supports the Marine Park manager and takes part in =
the development and further professionalization of STINAPA Bonaire in =
general and the Marine Park in particular. The project manager is =
responsible for the development and implementation of specific projects
=
(amongst others design interpretative materials, assist in formulating =
different management plans for the Marine Park) and assists the Marine =
Park manager in the day-to-day management of the Marine Park. The =
project manager is accountable to the Marine Park manager.

The profile.

The project manager has had an education of at least a Bachelors degree
=
in Marine Biology but preferably a Masters degree. Experience in =
management in a relevant function and excellent communicative skills =
required. The functionary has a thorough command of the languages Dutch,
=
Papiamento and English, orally and in writing.

The offer.

The salary depends on age, education and experience. STINAPA Bonaire =
offers excellent primary and secondary terms of employment.

Your response.

Should you be interested, then send your letter before April 26, 2002,
=
together with your curriculum vitae to: The Board of STINAPA Bonaire, =
P.O.Box 368 Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles.   e-mail: =
stinapa@bonairelive.com

------=_NextPart_000_0068_01C1E225.E4F65220--
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Subject: clove oil
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 13:49:46 -0400
From: Craig Lilyestrom <craig@caribe.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

If anyone has information about the potential effect of clove oil (as
used as an aid to collection of reef fish specimens) on corals or
other marine organisms, I would appreciate your sharing it with me.
If it has no negative effect, of course I'd like to know that also.

Thank you,

Craig
--
*****************************
Craig G. Lilyestrom, Ph.D.
Director, Marine Resources Division
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
P.O. Box 9066600
San Juan, P.R. 00906-6600
(787) 724-8772 ext. 4042
(787) 723-2805 (FAX)
craig@caribe.net
*****************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: clove oil
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 14:49:42 -0400
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: Craig Lilyestrom <craig@caribe.net>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Clove oil is a powerful sedative on crustaceans.  Don't know anything about
its use in the field, but understand photographers use it to sedate
crustaceans for professional grade, close-up photos because it sedates
without effecting color patterns (= motionless subject in full natural color
patterns).  No idea what other effects might be, or how long the effect
lasts.

Craig Lilyestrom wrote:

> If anyone has information about the potential effect of clove oil (as
> used as an aid to collection of reef fish specimens) on corals or
> other marine organisms, I would appreciate your sharing it with me.
> If it has no negative effect, of course I'd like to know that also.
>
> Thank you,
>
> Craig
> --
> *****************************
> Craig G. Lilyestrom, Ph.D.
> Director, Marine Resources Division
> Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
> P.O. Box 9066600
> San Juan, P.R. 00906-6600
> (787) 724-8772 ext. 4042
> (787) 723-2805 (FAX)
> craig@caribe.net
> *****************************
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: Coral Disease Course
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 18:56:49 -0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms
Esther Peters and Robert Jonas
Mote Marine Laboratory's Center for Tropical Research
Summerland Key, FL
6-14 July, 2002

This course is closing soon but several spaces remain. See Website
below for information and application form.

http://www.mote.org/~emueller/courses.phtml

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 745-2729
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 745-2730
Center for Tropical Research        Email: emueller@mote.org
24244 Overseas Highway (US 1)
Summerland Key, FL   33042

Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml

Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: clove oil
Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 09:31:49 +0800
From: "Koh Li Ling" <liling_koh@hotmail.com>
To: Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, craig@caribe.net
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Some of my lab mates have tried using clove oil to catch fishes at tide
pools before and it works beautifully. Clove oil acts as an anaesthesia and
temporarily knocks fishes out. Once they are placed in clean fresh seawater
again, they will regain consciousness after some time.

This method is good for hard to catch and cryptic fishes such as bennies and
gobies. We have got crustaceans before as well. However, the down side to
this method is, it is only effective in enclosed areas (eg tidal pools). It
won't work in the open seas or on reefs.

Usually clove oil is mixed with acetone in the ratio of 1:1 for the purpose
of catching fishes.

Li Ling

----Original Message Follows----
From: "Roger B Griffis"
To: Craig Lilyestrom
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: clove oil
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 14:49:42 -0400
Clove oil is a powerful sedative on crustaceans. Don't know anything about
its use in the field, but understand photographers use it to sedate
crustaceans for professional grade, close-up photos because it sedates
without effecting color patterns (= motionless subject in full natural color
patterns). No idea what other effects might be, or how long the effect
lasts.
Craig Lilyestrom wrote:
> If anyone has information about the potential effect of clove oil (as
> used as an aid to collection of reef fish specimens) on corals or
> other marine organisms, I would appreciate your sharing it with me.
> If it has no negative effect, of course I'd like to know that also.
>
> Thank you,
>
> Craig
> --
> *****************************
> Craig G. Lilyestrom, Ph.D.
> Director, Marine Resources Division
> Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
> P.O. Box 9066600
> San Juan, P.R. 00906-6600
> (787) 724-8772 ext. 4042
> (787) 723-2805 (FAX)
> craig@caribe.net
> *****************************
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
<< Roger.B.Griffis.vcf >>

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: Click Here
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Is this legal/ moral?
Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 10:22:19 -0400
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@pop.earthlink.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Craig & Li Ling,

I recently tested clove oil on A. pallida and the preliminary results
indicate stress and high algal (zooxanthellae) cell division leading to loss
of these symbiotic alga.  This coupled with other results collected indicate
clove oil  and acetone are chemicals that can harm the already stressed
reefs in the tropics. I strongly advise this method of capture not be used.

Do we not have laws in line to prevent this method of capture in PR? Can
this be happening given all the information we have on chemical exposure to
corals ?

Regards, James

Status:  U
X-Originating-IP: [137.132.3.7]
From: "Koh Li Ling" <liling_koh@hotmail.com>
To: Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, craig@caribe.net
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: clove oil
Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 09:31:49 +0800
X-OriginalArrivalTime: 13 Apr 2002 01:31:49.0822 (UTC)
FILETIME=[FBA31DE0:01C1E28A]
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Some of my lab mates have tried using clove oil to catch fishes at tide
pools before and it works beautifully. Clove oil acts as an anaesthesia and
temporarily knocks fishes out. Once they are placed in clean fresh seawater
again, they will regain consciousness after some time.
This method is good for hard to catch and cryptic fishes such as bennies and
gobies. We have got crustaceans before as well. However, the down side to
this method is, it is only effective in enclosed areas (eg tidal pools). It
won't work in the open seas or on reefs.
Usually clove oil is mixed with acetone in the ratio of 1:1 for the purpose
of catching fishes.
Li Ling
----Original Message Follows----
From: "Roger B Griffis"
To: Craig Lilyestrom
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: clove oil
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 2002 14:49:42 -0400
Clove oil is a powerful sedative on crustaceans. Don't know anything about
its use in the field, but understand photographers use it to sedate
crustaceans for professional grade, close-up photos because it sedates
without effecting color patterns (= motionless subject in full natural color
patterns). No idea what other effects might be, or how long the effect
lasts.
Craig Lilyestrom wrote:
> If anyone has information about the potential effect of clove oil (as
> used as an aid to collection of reef fish specimens) on corals or
> other marine organisms, I would appreciate your sharing it with me.
> If it has no negative effect, of course I'd like to know that also.
>
> Thank you,
>
> Craig
> --
> *****************************
> Craig G. Lilyestrom, Ph.D.
> Director, Marine Resources Division
> Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
> P.O. Box 9066600
> San Juan, P.R. 00906-6600
> (787) 724-8772 ext. 4042
> (787) 723-2805 (FAX)
> craig@caribe.net
> *****************************
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
<< Roger.B.Griffis.vcf >>

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: Click Here
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
--

************************************
James M. Cervino
PhD. Program
Marine Science Program
University of South Carolina
e-mail:cnidaria@earthlink.net
*************************************

Subject: Fishing explosion
Date: Sat, 13 Apr 2002 17:38:48 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Thi Minh Phuong Nguyen <Thi.Minh.Phuong.Nguyen@vub.ac.be>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Dear Sir/Madam,

My name is Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong, 1st year student of Vrije Universiteit
Brussel.

I would like to know any information about the fishing explosion and the
methods to prevent applying this in many countries, especially in China,
because this can destroy coral reefs for instance and because it damages the
fish population.

If you have any information sources related to the matter mentioned above,
could you please send it to me via this email address.

Thank you very much.

Best regards.

Nguyen Thi Minh Phuong


~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: ICRI
Date: Sun, 14 Apr 2002 12:55:25 -0500
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@oshadavidson.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I'm looking for information on how effective the various ICRI action plans
have been in meeting their stated goals. I know this will vary from country
to country, but any feedback on this will be helpful and much appreciated.

Cheers,
Osha

================================
Osha Gray Davidson          Home page: www.OshaDavidson.com
14 S. Governor St.          Phone: 319-338-4778
Iowa City, IA 52240         E-Mail: osha@oshadavidson.com
USA

The Turtle House Foundation: www.turtlehousefoundation.org

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: coral islands
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 2002 07:39:32 -0400
From: "Jack Stephens" <jaq@pipeline.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Has anyone counted or estimated how many islands exist thanks to hermatypic
corals? By this I mean 1) coral islands and islets, 2) atolls, and 3) and
limestone islands which are emerged ancient reefs, and exclusive of those
which are protected from erosion by them.

Thanks



Subject: CRC Reef Winter School
Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 15:01:07 +1000
From: Jon Brodie <jon.brodie@jcu.edu.au>
Organization: ACTFR
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Unfortunately, due to lack of numbers, the CRC Reef Winter School on
Hydrodynamic and Biological Models ( including the Forum and Workshop)
planned for 14 - 19 July has been cancelled. The organizers of the
Winter School would like to apologise to those who expressed interest in
attending the School for their inability at this time to run the School.
All funds paid for registration at the School will be refunded in full.

Jon Brodie
James Cook University
Townsville, Australia

on behalf of the organizing group and the CRC Reef.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Jon <jon.brodie@jcu.edu.au>
  Principal Research Officer
  Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research
  James Cook University, Townsville, 4811. Tel: 07 4781 6435 Fax: 07 4781
  5589

  Jon
  Principal Research Officer                       <jon.brodie@jcu.edu.au>
  Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater
  Research
  James Cook University, Townsville, 4811. Tel:
  07 4781 6435 Fax: 07 4781 5589
  James Cook University                            Fax: 07 4781 5589
  Townsville                                       Home: 07 4778 5423
  Qld                                              Work: 07 4781 6435
  4811
  Australia
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Brodie
  First Name    Jon
  Version       2.1

Subject: Job advert
Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 14:04:45 +0100
From: "Ben Horton" <b.p.horton@durham.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

Lectureship in Quaternary Environmental Change

The Department of Geography seeks to appoint a lecturer (A or B scale) to
join their Quaternary Environmental Change Research Group as part of its
ongoing strategic investment in research, teaching and postgraduate
activities. The Department was awarded a 5* in the 2001 RAE, with the
largest return of research active staff from any Geography Department in the
UK.

We now seek to appoint a lecturer (A or B scale) in the field of
reconstructing environmental change from marine records. The successful
applicant will have

(1) a growing international research reputation in this field
(2) a clear field of innovative research
(3) an established or growing record of research publications and
presentations
(4) a commitment to highest quality teaching and research
(5) an interest in the development and application of new techniques of
environmental reconstruction
(6) an interest in exploring linkages between marine records and those from
the nearshore and terrestrial realms

In addition, we would see it as an advantage to have
(1) a commitment to enhancing the activities of the Quaternary Environmental
Change research group, including linkages with the other groups as
appropriate
(2) a potential to attract research support

The Quaternary Environmental Change Research Group

(http://www.geography.dur.ac.uk/research/qec/index.html)

Research by the QEC Research Group covers a broad range of inter-related
topics concerned with Quaternary Environmental Change, but with particular
interests in the following four themes: Late Devensian and Holocene
sea-level change, crustal rebound and coastal evolution; stratigraphy and
bio-stratigraphy of Quaternary marine environments and ice sheet histories;
Quaternary history and fluvial records; compilation of databases/archives
for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The Group sees this spread of
interests, which link the ocean, coastal, fluvial and terrestrial
environments, as one of its key strengths.

As can be seen from the individual member details (see WWW), the Quaternary
Environmental Change Research Group has a reputation for theoretical,
methodological and applied research relating to Quaternary environmental
change. QEC staff have expertise in palaeoceanography, ice sheet history in
Antarctica and Greenland (Bentley, Long, Lloyd, Roberts); the dynamics of
ice sheet flow and ice sheet interaction with sea-level change (Bentley,
Roberts); climate change and continental shelf evolution (Lloyd, Bentley);
shallow marine and coastal environments (Horton, Lloyd, Long, Roberts,
Shennan, Zong); as well as Quaternary fluvial and vegetation history
(Bridgland, Simmons). Linkage across these realms is a major strength, as is
the integration of empirical field observations with modelling over a range
of spatial and temporal scales.

Group members often work in collaboration on research programmes throughout
the World, including Britain, Europe, Antarctica, South America, Greenland,
the North Atlantic, North America, Australia, Indonesia and China. Members
of QEC and the other main Physical Geography research group in the
Department (Earth Surface Systems (ESS)) are closely involved in a
cross-department research group known as the Environmental Research Centre,
which brings under a single umbrella specialists from Geography,
Archaeology, Biological Sciences, Engineering and Geology. Excellent
facilities exist for many types of Quaternary sediment analysis, with a well
equipped laboratory and full time technical support.

********************************************
Dr Ben Horton
Lecturer in Physical Geography
Department of Geography
University of Durham
Durham DH1 3LE, UK
Fax: 0191 374 2456
Tel: 0191 374 2486
Webpage: http://www.geography.dur.ac.uk/information/official_sites/bph.html
********************************************

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: community-based monitoring and Indonesia
Date: Tue, 16 Apr 2002 19:14:46 EDT
From: Satighe@aol.com
To: peck@hawaii.edu
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, crawford@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu,
     ttulungen@manado.wasantara.net.id, udo@unsrat.net, stighe@cbn.net.id

Sara:

I would love to hear more about the Sea Grant community-based methods. I am
also interested in learning how Sea Grant is used to support your program.
This has been a very useful discussion thread, so I am motivated to join in
with a description of our preliminary work.

As part of the URI/CRC project in Indonesia, we have begun a
"stakeholder-operated" monitoring collaboration this spring (2002). The
model is simple: stakeholders monitor their own resources (fishermen, dive
centers, hotels, national park, env agency) per their interest or mandates.
Only real responsibility is to a) use standard protocols for similar
management questions where possible, b) get trained by one of the volunteer
training centers (starting out as university, Reefcheck and NGO, will
diverge in future), c) report info on "standard forms" and d) attend an
annual workshop where the compiled results and some analysis/interpretation
are discussed. The local univ will use a statistics course and volunteers to
process data (our project will help set up module), and all participants
will get a CD with data and 1-page summary interpretations at
community-reading level each year. Non-standard or special studies from
donors, etc., will be added to the annual CD for completenes! s if not
compatibility. The only real program costs are for a coordinator and the
annual workshop--everyone else's time is volunteered.

We have over 50 sets of stakeholders committed to collecting info this year,
and plan to write a guidebook for how to set up this for other Indonesian
(or generic) districts including the method, data processing exercises,
etc., following the program over the next year. I will be presenting this
approach/model at CZ-Asia-Pacific in May in Bangkok, and should have the
background paper completed shortly if anyone is interested.

Best regards,
Stacey T.

==========================================================
Stacey A. Tighe, Ph.D.
Sr. Technical Advisor, Proyek Pesisir
URI/CRC Coastal Resources Management Project
Jakarta, Indonesia
Email:   satighe@aol.com    or stighe@cbn.net.id
Tel: (62-21) 720-9596

Subject: LETTER TO PROTECT LILE AUX BENITIERS, MAURITIUS
Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 10:17:04 +0400
From: "Tania van Schalkwyk" <tvs@uskonet.com>
To: <tvs@uskonet.com>

I am writing as a concerned citizen of Mauritius. There are many of us.

You may already be aware of the hotel/delux villas/resort project planned
for L'ile aux Benitiers, an islet in the middle of a lagoon on the west
coast of Mauritius. If not, subsequent emails including:
* a petition called 'Mauritius: Paradise Lost?' (circulating since a month),

* and a report compiled of factual & hypothetical arguments for protecting
L'ile aux Benitiers from Development,
will be sent to you in the next 24 hours.
Should you not receive these, please contact:  tvs@uskonet.com

This email is being sent to request your help and actions to save L'ile aux
Benitiers.

Our Mauritian government needs to be made aware that there are concerned
citizens, organisations and experts locally and internationally that are
worried about and/or against the exploitation/development of L'ile aux
Benitiers. Therefore,  we  urge you to write to our Prime Minister and
ministers concerned, voicing your opinions, concerns, opposition, arguments,
etc. regarding L'ile aux Benitiers.   Below please find the names & email
addresses to write to:
-     The Honourable Karl Hoffman, President: statepas@intnet.mu
-     The Right Honourable Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister:
primeminister@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Paul Raymond Brenger, Deputy Prime Minister:
minister@mof.intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Karl Hoffman, President: statepas@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Rajesh Anand Bhagwan, Minister of the Environment:
minisenv@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Ananda Rajoo, Adviser to the Minister of the
Environment: rajooananda@hotmail.com
-       The Honourable Nandcoomar Bodha, Minister of Tourism: mot@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Sylvio Louis Michel, Minister of Fisheries:
smichel@mail.gov.mu
-       The Honourable Pravin Kumar Jugnauth,
Minister of Agriculture, Food Technology & Natural Resources:
moamic@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Mookhusswur Choonee, Minister of Housing & Lands:
mchoonee@mail.gov.mu
-       The Honourable Ashock Kumar Jugnauth, Minister of  Health & Quality
of
Life: mohql@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Motee Ramdass,  Minister of Arts & Culture:
minoac@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable Emmanuel Jean Leung Shing, Attorney General &
Minister of
Justice & Human Rights: sgo@intnet.mu
-       The Honourable  Steven Obeegadoo , Minister of Education &
Scientific
Research: meduhrd@bow.intnet.mu

primeminister@intnet.mu; minister@mof.intnet.mu; statepas@intnet.mu;
mohql@intnet.mu; rajooananda@hotmail.com; mot@intnet.mu; minisenv@intnet.mu;
meduhrd@bow.intnet.mu; smichel@mail.gov.mu; mchoonee@mail.gov.mu;
minoac@intnet.mu; sgo@intnet.mu; moamic@intnet.mu; tvs@uskonet.com

Please copy your letter(s) to the following address:    tvs@uskonet.com
so that a track can be kept.

These letters will alert the government of the urgent need for them to
acknowledge & act on the requests made in the petition.  The petition is
currently being signed and distributed on a national and international
level; and copies will be delivered to the necessary officials in the near
future.  Please continue to sign and pass on the petition!

Please include your job title/organisation/professional function and country
of residence in your letter. This is of course, optional and at your
discretion.
You are free to use your own words, or copy & paste the following passage,
based on the  requests made at the end of the petition, as they appear
below:

WE WILL NOT ACCEPT  THE DEGRADATION NOR THE DISFIGUREMENT OF
L'ILE AUX BENITIERS.
        -       We therefore categorically oppose ANY DEVELOPMENT, including
hotel/residential/golf course/restaurant/recreational/commercial projects,
occurring on  L'ile aux Benitiers An islet so important to us all:
        -       La Gaulette villagers, Mauritian citizens, foreign tourists,
the plant, animal and sea life of Mauritius, the tropical ecosystem of the
Indian Ocean and therefore the planet and all its inhabitants.
We launch an international appeal for the protection, conservation and
restoration of the terrestrial and marine biodiversity of L'ile aux
Benitiers.

We urge the Mauritian government to review its position and procedures
towards the classification of our country's islets.

We request L'ile aux Benitiers to be reclassified as a nature reserve.

We urgently request the relevant authorities to implement  an environmental
education & information programme in the region, so that all persons using
our islets, beaches and lagoon can do so in a well-informed manner,
therefore ensuring responsability towards the social and environmental
protection of our coastal heritage.

        For the Future of Our Children. For the Future of Our Planet.

Only after the Last Tree has been cut down,Only after the Last River has
been poisoned,
Only after the Last Fish has been Caught, Only then will you find that Money
Cannot be Eaten.
-Cree Indian Prophecy
***********************************

Thank you for your time and help.  PLEASE FORWARD THIS LETTER TO AS MANY
PEOPLE/ORGANISATIONS AS POSSIBLE. THANK YOU.  Please do not hesitate to
write to tvs@uskonet.com    with comments, requests, suggestions ;or for
more information, such as copies of recent articles about Lile aux
Benitiers, from our local newspapers.

PLEASE DO TAKE TIME TO WRITE/COPY THIS LETTER, EVEN IF YOU HAVE SIGNED THE
PETITION. YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE BY ADDING YOUR VOICE & WORDS TO THOSE OF
OTHERS. THANK YOU!

Yours Truly,

Tania Haberland - van Schalkwyk
(a concerned citizen)

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name: winmail.dat
   winmail.dat    Type: Notepad
                        (application/x-unknown-content-type-Notepad.exe)
              Encoding: base64

Subject: PhD available
Date: Wed, 17 Apr 2002 15:03:04 +0100
From: "Murray Roberts" <mr-t@dml.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS)

PhD Studentship

'Environmental sensitivity of cold water corals'
This 3 year studentship will start in September 2002 and will be based
at =
the SAMS Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory near Oban on the west coast of =
Scotland. The project will involve close liaison with the offshore oil =
industry through the Atlantic Frontier Environment Network. The work
will =
entail periods of time offshore for which full training will be given.
The =
research will examine the sensitivity of cold-water corals to
environmental=
 disturbance, particularly in relation to drilling discharges and will =
focus on four broad themes:
=B7 Mapping current coral distribution in relation to drilling activity
=
(GIS)
=B7 Monitoring the coral environment in situ
=B7 Isotopic, trace element and hydrocarbon analysis of coral skeleton
=B7 Effect of environmental disturbance on coral behaviour and
physiology

Candidates should possess a minimum of a First or Upper 2nd class degree
=
in biological or environmental sciences and excellent communication =
skills. Applicants should submit a CV and covering letter by 10 May
2002. =
For more information contact Murray Roberts, The Scottish Association
for =
Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA,
=
UK. Tel: +44 (0)1631-559000, Fax: +44 (0)1631-559001, e-mail:
m.roberts@dml=
.ac.uk, website: www.sams.ac.uk
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.


Subject: Passing along a query I received...
Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:27:47 -0400
From: "Gene Buck" <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: opportunities for students?
Date: Thu, 18 Apr 2002 13:09:54 -0600
From: Sandy Zetlan <sandy.zetlan@emcmail.maricopa.edu>
Organization: EMCC
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Colleagues-
I am looking for any internship opportunity (prefereably paid) for two
of my students this summer. They showed up after most of the deadlines
had passed. If you have any ideas on where they might apply, I would
appreciate the information.

Thanks-

--
Sandy Zetlan,  Ph.D.
Biology Faculty
Estrella Mountain Community College
Avondale, AZ 85323
623-935-8458

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: New ReefBase Website
Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 03:31:02 -0700
From: Jamie Oliver <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral listers,

A new version of the ReefBase website & database is now online at
http://www.reefbase.org .  This is a totally revised site with a great deal
of new information which we feel will be valuable to managers, policy makers
researchers and genera reef users.

We would like to point out some of the highlights of the ReefBase website:
- an attractive homepage with daily "fresh" coral reef news items from
international media
- easy to use navigation system allowing you to find any information for any
country in less than 3 clicks
- easy access to coral reef status reports, as well as the Reefs at Risk
reports
- online GIS: view interactive coral reef maps online! (this one is fast!)
- a search facility  for coral reef photos in our photo gallery containing a
growing number of new high resolution images
- a search facility  for coral reef references (>12 000 records, including
over 350 online documents!)

The key text-based information in ReefBase is organized by country, and
covers the following themes:
- Description of Coastal and Marine Resources
- Status of Coastal and Marine Resources
- Threats to Coastal and Marine Resources
- Management of Coastal and Marine Resources

As the central repository of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
(GCRMN), the core of ReefBase's content originated from the various national
coral reef status reports produced under the GCRMN. In addition, substantial
data and information has been contributed by UNEP-WCMC as well as the World
Resources Institute (WRI). We are continuously adding more information as
reports become available to us.

A number of online forms allow you to contribute information, and assist us
in making ReefBase a great repository for all of us with an interest in
coral reefs. Currently, you can:
- upload coral reef related documents, reports and other types of
publications
- upload coral reef photographs
- submit a coral bleaching report (in collaboration with NOAA-NESDIS)
- submit a coral bleaching questionnaire

We hope you will give the new ReefBase website a try:
http://www.reefbase.org and give us feed back either by return email or
using the online feedback form.

Best regards,

Dr. Jamie Oliver                                                Mr. Marco
Noordeloos
Project Leader, ReefBase                                Manager, ReefBase
Project
ICLARM - The World Fish Center                          ICLARM - The World
Fish Center

PS. A  website is never a finished product. Although we are confident that
most of you will be pleased with the new interface of ReefBase, I do need to
advice that we are currently still working on a few issues to improve
performance in Netscape browsers, as well as on Apple Macintosh platforms.
People using IE under some form of Windows environment, and should not
experience any difficulty using the ReefBase website.

===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
ICLARM - The World Fish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670

Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530

email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org
===============================

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Coral Reef Conservation Grants
Date: Fri, 19 Apr 2002 16:07:14 -0400
From: "Bill.Millhouser" <bill.millhouser@noaa.gov>
Organization: OCRM
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Two documents providing Guidance for the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation
Grant Program were published in the Federal Register Friday April 19,
2002.  The "Final Guidelines" provide a general overview of the program,

while the "Fiscal Year 2002 Funding Guidance" provides specific
information on the eligibility, proposal content, etc. for each of the
six program areas included in this years funding. Both of the documents
may be found at http://www.coral.noaa.gov/crcp. Applications for funding

are due to NOAA on May 24, 2002.  For additional information on
specific programs, please contact the technical points of contact listed

in the "Supplementary Information" section of the FY 2002 Guidance.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Bill Millhouser, Pacific Regional Manager
Coastal Programs Division, OCRM, NOAA
N/ORM-3,  Room 11206
1305 East-West Hwy,
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Ph: 301-563-1189
Fax: 301-713-4367
Mobile: 703-623-9909
E-Mail: bill.millhouser@noaa.gov
http://www.ocrm.nos.noaa.gov/

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: [Fwd: [Fwd: coral growth rates]]
Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 08:43:36 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Approved: 511kazz
Subject: coral growth rates
From: "gino sabatini" <ginosabatini@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list

Ms/Sir,

I'm presently working on a project involving the coral reefs of the
Persian Gulf. I know that the Persian Gulf represents the northern limit
for corals, as well as a stressful environment in terms of temperature
and salinity. Coral reefs in that area of the world have a low
diversity.

I was wondering if you could guide me to literature that addresses coral
growth rates in the Persian Gulf or if your organization has such
information.

Thank you for your attention.

Gino Sabatini

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: coral growth rates
Resent-From: answers@noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 12:19:15 -0500
From: "gino sabatini" <ginosabatini@hotmail.com>
To: answers@noaa.gov

Ms/Sir,

I'm presently working on a project involving the coral reefs of the Persian
Gulf. I know that the Persian Gulf represents the northern limit for corals,
as well as a stressful environment in terms of temperature and salinity.
Coral reefs in that area of the world have a low diversity.

I was wondering if you could guide me to literature that addresses coral
growth rates in the Persian Gulf or if your organization has such
information.

Thank you for your attention.

Gino Sabatini

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: Click Here

Subject: Re: Is this legal/ moral?
Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 09:07:57 -0400
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@pop.earthlink.net>

James:

I would agree with you-anything that is a powerful sedative is bound to have
side effects (alcohol springs to mind, this morning). FYI, some of the
earliest and best work done on clove oil as a fish sedative was by Christina
Soto, @ U. Guelph, perhaps 10 years ago. She then performed field trials in
Indonesia, as part of her work with "sasi" (the traditional resource
management system of eastern Indonesian islands).

Subject: sex determination in corals
Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 16:23:09 -0400
From: Mikhail Matz <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
Organization: Whitney Laboratory, UF
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello listers,

Does anybody know the mechanism of sex determination in great star coral
Montastraea cavernosa? And how to tell a boy from a girl?..

Mike

--
Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.

Whitney Laboratory
University of Florida
9505 Ocean Shore blvd
St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
phone +1 904 461 4025
fax +1 904 461 4008

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: New Science paper on Astrangia
Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 16:53:00 -0400
From: anne cohen <acohen@whoi.edu>
Organization: WHOI
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All

I want to draw your attention to our paper published last week in
Science (April 12th, pp 331). It describes the differences in skeletal
chemistry between symbiotic and asymbiotic colonies of Astrangia
poculata.  We attributed these differences, which have implications for
coral-based climate records, to the presence/absence of algal symbionts
in the host tissue.

Regards,
Anne.

--
Dr A.L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Geology and Geophysics, ms#23
Woods Hole MA 02543
USA

T: 508 289 2958
F: 508 457 2175

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Clove oil
Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 10:15:52 +0300
From: Michal RARD <michael.rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@pop.earthlink.net>, <craig@caribe.net>
CC: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

I'm study the coral physiology  (one point is zooxanthellae density) in
relation with water quality, season and some times with bleaching events in
Reunion Island.

What you talk about the effect of clove oil and acetone is for me very
interessant.
I would appreciate any references or other informations about these impacts.
If it has no negative effect, of course I'd like to know that also.
Many thanks for all.
Best regards,
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm
Subject: Re: sex determination in corals
Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 08:00:27 -0400
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Organization: SeaServices, Inc.
To: matz@whitney.ufl.edu
CC: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Assuming that the method is not invasive, I'm interested too.  Please
respond to list.

Thanks,
John

Mikhail Matz wrote:
>
> Hello listers,
>
> Does anybody know the mechanism of sex determination in great star coral
> Montastraea cavernosa? And how to tell a boy from a girl?..
>
> Mike
>
> --
> Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.
>
> Whitney Laboratory
> University of Florida
> 9505 Ocean Shore blvd
> St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
> phone +1 904 461 4025
> fax +1 904 461 4008
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

--
     *************************************************************
     *                                                           *
     *                       John R. Ware, PhD                   *
     *                          President                        *
     *                       SeaServices, Inc.                   *
     *                    19572 Club House Road                  *
     *              Montgomery Village, MD, 20886, USA           *
     *                        301 987-8507                       *
     *                       jware@erols.com                     *
     *                       seaservices.org                     *
     *                      fax: 301 987-8531                    *
     *                                          _                *
     *                                         |                 *
     *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *
     *                                        _|_                *
     *                                       | _ |               *
     *        _______________________________|   |________       *
     *     |\/__ Undersea Technology for the 21st Century \      *
     *     |/\____________________________________________/      *
     **************************************************************
~~~~~~~
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Subject: tissue loss on M. cavernosa
Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 09:19:15 -0400
From: "T D Hickey" <tdhickey@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Coral Folks,

I have been involved in a project with Bob Halley and Chris Reich assessing
the effects of Hurricane Mitch on the coral reefs of the Bay Islands,
Honduras. Our last trip was in November and while diving off the island of
Guanaja, I came across this M. cavernosa that appears to be losing its
living tissue rapidly. I have talked with a few local coral experts and the
consensus is, "some call this a white wasting disease" and they have
observed similar outward symptoms in other areas of the Caribbean (i.e.
south Florida and USVI). I have about 1 minute of digital video of this one
particular head (I have not seen this before). In some cases, half of the
polyp has living tissue and the other half is skeleton. The skeleton is
absolutely tissue-free. Is this a type of plague? The literature that I
have found does not mention this syndrome. Do you know anyone that may be
working on this? And of course I must ask the impossible... Has a pathogen
been identified? Please see the below web address for a still image taken
from the video.

http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/~tdhickey/Mcav.jpg

Thank you in advance for your time and any information you may provide,
Don

-------------------------------
T. Donald Hickey
U.S. Geological Survey
Center for Coastal Studies
600 4th St. South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Phone: (727) 803-8747 ext. 3040
Fax: (727) 803-2032
tdhickey@usgs.gov
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Call for directors and volunteers
Date: Wed, 24 Apr 2002 14:17:03 -0400
From: David Browne <david.browne@mail.mcgill.ca>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

                   Interested in saving marine ecosystems?
               Want to use or develop your leadership skills?
             Interested in being part of an international team?

                         Ocean Voice International
             is looking for new Directors and committee members!

Ocean Voice International is a small, non-profit, marine conservation
organization based in Ottawa, Canada.  Founded in 1987, Ocean Voice works
toward the protection of marine habitats and sustainable marine resource
use.  We focus on community-based projects and alternative livelihoods for
coastal communities in Canada and overseas.  Past projects have included
sustainable aquarium fish harvest in the Philippines, community
participation in marine park management and coastal zone management in
Indonesia, and public education on coral reef conservation in the
Caribbean.  Ocean Voice also publishes a quarterly marine conservation
journal, Sea Wind, and technical reports on the status of marine resources.

We are looking for individuals from Canada and other countries with varying
levels and types of experience and an interest in marine conservation issues
who are interested in serving on the Board of Directors or one of the
working committees of Ocean Voice.  Members of the Board of Directors have
worked on developing new projects and establishing links with other
organizations and governments.  They oversee the administration of the
organization.  Working committees include the editorial board of Sea Wind,
the environmental education committee, and the fundraising committee.
Individuals with experience working on Boards/Committees and in areas such
as research, administration, policy development, fundraising, marketing or
communications are especially encouraged to get involved.

We will be holding our Annual General Meeting on June 1st in Ottawa.
If you are interested in becoming involved with Ocean Voice, please contact
us at:

Ocean Voice International
Box 37026
3332 McCarthy Rd.
Ottawa, Ontario     K1V 0W0

Tel  613-721-4541
Fax 613-721-4562
Email  oceans@superaje.ca
www.ovi.ca
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Fihs kill in Runion, SW Indian ocean
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 11:28:04 +0800
From: Jean Pascal QUOD <jpquod.arvam@wanadoo.fr>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral listers,

We are writing today as since february, west coast of Runion is
experiencing a fish kill event, still running on. We have suffered from a
previous outbreak in november 2000 wich killed deep species such as
carnivorous species cf groupers V louti, and herbivorous fishes.

The actual situation seems to coincide with the cyclone DINA but we have not
been able to confirm either this occurence nor the triggering factors.
Streptoccocus bacteria have been identified both in 2002 & 2002.

If you can contribute to understanding key issues, give us accurate
protocols, please contact Jean Turquet, Environment Toxicology Unit, Runion
(Email  jturquet.arvam@wanadoo.fr).

Best regards,

Subject: What you send or post
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 08:24:54 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Greetings Coral-Listers,

    I just wanted to remind you that the coral-list software (majordomo)
will not accept the posting of large files (i.e., over 30K characters).
Thus, if you have documents (especially as binary word processor files)
or pictures that you try to post, they will be rejected and your post
will not appear.  Your best bet is to refer to a URL on a Web site where
that information is stored.  Majordomo is meant to serve as a fairly
brief email information and/or discussion outlet, not as a large data
service.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list administrator

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Clove oil and acetone
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 05:31:19 -0700 (PDT)
From: Melissa Keyes <mekvinga@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list-daily <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello everyone,

  Clove oil, topically applied, will dull the pain of a toothache in
humans.  Strong stuff.

  Acetone is the same as nail polish remover.  Try this: put your head in a
bag with a dish of evaporating acetone, breathe the fumes for a few minutes,
and see how you feel, then tell me it must be harmless.

  Cheers,

  Melissa Keyes

  St. Croix, USVI

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Games - play chess, backgammon, pool and more

Subject: Re: Clove oil and acetone
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 09:35:35 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: Melissa Keyes <mekvinga@yahoo.com>

That was kind of funny, but for those of you not familiar with acetone,
don't try that!  It will kill you!

    cheers,
    Jim

Melissa Keyes wrote:

> Hello everyone,
>
>   Clove oil, topically applied, will dull the pain of a toothache in
> humans.  Strong stuff.
>
>   Acetone is the same as nail polish remover.  Try this: put your head
> in a bag with a dish of evaporating acetone, breathe the fumes for a
> few minutes, and see how you feel, then tell me it must be harmless.
>
>   Cheers,
>
>   Melissa Keyes
>
>   St. Croix, USVI
>
>
> -----------------------------------------------------------------------
> Do You Yahoo!?
> Yahoo! Games - play chess, backgammon, pool and more

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Ocean Voice call for directors correction
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 10:34:47 -0400
From: David Browne <david.browne@mail.mcgill.ca>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

CORRECTION

The email given for Ocean Voice in the call for directors and volunteers
should be

oceans@superaje.com

David Browne
Ocean Voice International

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Re: sex determination in corals
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 11:03:16 -0400
From: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: jware@erols.com
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Unfortunately, you need to take a tissue sample to see if the colony carries
sperm or eggs.

At 08:00 AM 04/24/2002 -0400, you wrote:

> Assuming that the method is not invasive, I'm interested too.  Please
> respond to list.
>
> Thanks,
> John
>
> Mikhail Matz wrote:
> >
> > Hello listers,
> >
> > Does anybody know the mechanism of sex determination in great star coral
> > Montastraea cavernosa? And how to tell a boy from a girl?..
> >
> > Mike
> >
> > --
> > Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.
> >
> > Whitney Laboratory
> > University of Florida
> > 9505 Ocean Shore blvd
> > St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
> > phone +1 904 461 4025
> > fax +1 904 461 4008
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> > menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.
>
> --
>      *************************************************************
>      *                                                           *
>      *                       John R. Ware, PhD                   *
>      *                          President                        *
>      *                       SeaServices, Inc.                   *
>      *                    19572 Club House Road                  *
>      *              Montgomery Village, MD, 20886, USA           *
>      *                        301 987-8507                       *
>      *                       jware@erols.com                     *
>      *                       seaservices.org                     *
>      *                      fax: 301 987-8531                    *
>      *                                          _                *
>      *                                         |                 *
>      *   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ *
>      *                                        _|_                *
>      *                                       | _ |               *
>      *        _______________________________|   |________       *
>      *     |\/__ Undersea Technology for the 21st Century \      *
>      *     |/\____________________________________________/      *
>      **************************************************************
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
> menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

*******************************************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
Professor of Biology
Center for Marine Science
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
5600  Marvin K. Moss Lane
Wilmington  NC  28409-5928
tel:  (910)962-2362  fax:  (910)962-2410
email:  szmanta@uncwil.edu
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
******************************************************************

Subject: Tissue loss on M. cavernosa (and other corals)
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 09:48:32 -0700 (PDT)
From: Yael Ben-Haim <yaelll@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Don,

I have been studying tissue loss (tissue lysis as we term) of stony corals
for the last few years, in relation to bacterial infection, as well as
effect of increased seawater temperatures.

We have isolated and characterized a new bacterial pathogen that is the
causative agent of tissue lysis of Pocillopora damicornis corals. The
pathogen was isolated originally from diseased corals in the Indian Ocean ,
and was reisolated, identified and tested for pathogenicity in the Red Sea
as well. It is a novel species of the genus Vibrio , named Vibrio
coralyticus.  The paper summarizing the research will be very soon published
in Marine Biology , and hopegully answer a few of your questions. The
picture of the M. cavernosa showing tissue loss, and your descriptions of
the syndromes are very similar to our cases , and it may be caused by a
similar or closely related  pathogen.

Will it be possible to view somehow the video you've filmed? Did you by any
chance recorded the sea temperature, when you saw the lysing corals?

Hope this helps,

Yael

Yael Ben-Haim
Dept. of Microbiology and Biotechnology
Tel Aviv University
Israel
Tel: (972) 3 6407627
Fax: (972) 3 6429377
e-mail: yaelbh@post.tau.ac.il





  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Games - play chess, backgammon, pool and more

Subject: sex determination in corals - 2
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 15:29:58 -0400
From: "Mike Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi,
thanks a lot to everybody who replied to my question; it looks like there is
no non-invasive way (yet) to tell a boy from a girl; but:

What about the biological mechanisms that determine sex in corals? For
example, is it genetically pre-determined, or sex of a colony can change,
say, depending on age and/or environmental conditions? Any information of
this sort will be much appreciated.

Mike

Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.

Whitney Laboratory
University of Florida
9505 Ocean Shore blvd
St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
phone +1 904 461 4025
fax +1 904 461 4008

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Internat'l coral funding
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 16:57:40 -0400
From: "Eileen Alicea" <Eileen.Alicea@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

A new opportunity for funding of international coral reef projects is
now available through NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program,
which was published in the Federal Register on Friday, April 19.  The
international grant information below is excerpted from the Federal
Register, Vol. 67, No. 76

The Final Program Guidelines provide a general overview of the program,
while the Fiscal Year 2002 Funding Guidance provides specific
information on the eligibility, proposal content, etc. for each of the
six program areas included in this years funding. Both of the documents
may be found at http://www.coral.noaa.gov/crcp.  Applications for
funding are due to NOAA on MAY 24, 2002.

Eligible Applicants
Applicants will be international governmental and non-governmental
organizations and institutions including Federated States of Micronesia,
Palau, and the Marshall Islands

The International grant program has four objectives:
1. Promote Monitoring of Coral Ecosystems: The National Action Plan
gives priority to collaboration with the Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Network (GCRMN), recognizing the importance of its biennial Status of
Coral Reefs of the World reports, and extensive partnerships with
regional and national monitoring efforts. Therefore, activities will
focus on expanding biophysical monitoring networks that contribute to
understanding the status of coral reefs, promoting public awareness, and
contributing to local management objectives. In FY 2002, emphasis will
be placed on community participation in monitoring programs,
communication of results to policy makers, and commitment to make data
available to the GCRMN Data Centre at the International Centre for
Living Aquatic Resources.

2. Enhance Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs):
The National Action Plan calls for strengthening the protection of
resources within existing MPAs. NOAA has launched strategic partnerships
with the World Conservation Union's (IUCN) World Commission on Protected
Areas (WCPA) and World Wildlife Fund (WWF)International to improve the
management of MPAs by providing managers, planners, and other
decision-makers with methods for assessing the effectiveness of MPA
sites and national systems of MPAs.
Therefore, funded activities will focus on assessing the effectiveness
of management at those pilot coral MPAs that apply and test the approach
and indicators developed therein.

3. Encourage Regional Approaches to Further Marine Reserves in the
Caribbean and Southeast Asia: The National Action Plan highlights the
role that highly protected areas (i.e., no-take ecological reserves)
play in creating a network of coral marine protected areas for
biodiversity conservation and sustainable fisheries management. The
Program will fund activities that support the development of networks of
marine reserves in the Caribbean and Southeast Asia. The Program will
fund regional-level activities that promote the design and
implementation of no-take marine reserves such as awareness campaigns on
the value of marine reserves for government officials and policy makers
throughout the region, or training workshops on sustainable financing
mechanisms for marine reserve management. The Caribbean and Southeast
Asia regions were selected in part because of the substantial interest
and existing experience with marine reserves.

4. Promote the Use of Socio-Economic Assessments in Marine Protected
Areas: The National Action Plan recognizes that the human dimension is
often overlooked in developing coral reef management strategies and
calls for measures to enhance understanding of stakeholder benefits and
resolve important user conflicts. Recognizing the importance of the
human dimension, the GCRMN, in partnership with NOAA, WCPA, and the
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), recently published The
Socioeconomic Manual for Coral Reef Management, a guide to conducting
socioeconomic assessments of reef user groups.

Awards
Awards will be for $30,000 $40,000 each for 12-18 month duration with
an Oct 1st start date.
Project duration should be 12-18 months and matching contributions
should be from non-US Federal sources.  If an organization has no
reasonable means to provide a match, please refer to Section VIII.
Matching funds of the Program Guidelines Federal Register Notice at
http://www.coral.noaa.gov/crcp/ for detailed instructions

How to apply:
One original and two signed project proposal packages of federal forms
and work proposal should be submitted to: David Kennedy, NOAA Coral
Program Coordinator, Office of Response and Restoration, N/ORR, NOAA
National Ocean Service, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910
with ATTENTION to International Coral Reef Conservation.  Fax Number is
301-713-4389.  Applications must be received by FRIDAY, MAY 24, 2002.
Notice of intent to fund will be sent to applicants by June 28, 2002 and
final applications are due to NOAA on July 19, 2002.  Please consider
delivery times from international or remote locations.  No electronic
mail applications will be accepted.

International funding information begins at IX. International Coral Reef
Conservation of the Funding Guidelines FRN.  Pertinent federal forms
include forms SF-424, SF-424A, SF-424B, CD 511,CD 512, and SF-LLL, and
can be obtained from the NOAA grants Website at
www.rdc.noaa.gov/~grants/pdf.  For more information, please contact
Eileen Alicea at eileen.alicea@noaa.gov or 301-713-3078 x218.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: wrecks as natural laboratorium
Date: Thu, 25 Apr 2002 18:21:23 -0400
From: "Mark Vermeij" <Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Aloha- For the past few days I have been swimming over the reefs on the
Florida Keys to look for areas with high coral recruitment. On average
you'll find between 8-15 juveniles (<1cm diameter) within a square meter.
Surprisingly,  the number of recruits  increases enormously on wrecks (as it
does in other regions in the Caribbean) and up to 100 juvenile  individuals
can easily be found per m^2. Although the composition of such communities is
biased towards "opportunistic" species (i.e. Siderastrea, Porites, Madracis,
Agaricids, Dichocoenia),  there is still a lot of potential to use such
communities in life history analyses since signs of reduced growth or
increased (partial) mortality resulting from their position on a "unnatural
substratum" seem absent. Adult colonies are also more abundant and also do
well. Despite these promising characteristics (high density, survival and
low "stress") I wonder whether anybody can explain why coral recruits do so
well on these structures that have been submerged for >30 years? Is it
because of an  settlement preference for metal structures, a large reduction
of in the competition for space with macro algae (these are nearly absent on
the wrecks I saw) or something else?
I look forward to your suggestions/ hypotheses to clarify this phenomenon.
Best regards,
Mark


--
Dr. Mark Vermeij
Post Doctoral Associate
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies
NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Science Center
75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA
Tel: +1 305-361-4230,
Fax: +1 305-361-4562
E-mail: Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov

http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/groups/cimas/
http://www.noaa.gov


Subject: Re: coral-list-daily V2 #408
Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 09:31:12 -0700
From: George Stettner <lakehills1@juno.com>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

On Fri, 26 Apr 2002 04:00:31 GMT
owner-coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov (coral-list-daily) writes:
 Hi Don,
              [snip]
 It is a novel species of the
 genus Vibrio , named Vibrio coralyticus.  The paper summarizing the
 research will be very soon published in Marine Biology , and
 hopegully answer a few of your questions. [snip]
 Yael
 Yael Ben-HaimDept. of Microbiology and BiotechnologyTel Aviv
 UniversityIsraelTel: (972) 3 6407627Fax: (972) 3 6429377e-mail:
 yaelbh@post.tau.ac.il

Yael,
         Could you please post on the list when this is published, or a
URL where it might be found?
     Thanks,
            George Stettner
  Aquarium/Reptile Supervisor
           San Antonio Zoo





~~~~~~~
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Subject: black band disease molecular microbiology
Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 12:44:16 -0500
From: "Bruce W. Fouke" <fouke@uiuc.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

For those interested in coral black band disease, our preliminary data set
on the molecular microbiology of BBD has just appeared in press.

Frias-Lopez, J., Zerkle, A.L., Bonheyo, G.T., and Fouke, B.W.,  2002,
Partitioning of bacterial communities between seawater and healthy, black
band diseased, and dead coral surfaces. Applied and Environmental
Microbiology, Vol. 68, No. 5, p. 2214-2228.

--

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Bruce W. Fouke, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor
Department of Geology
University of Illinois
1301 W. Green Street
Urbana, IL 61801 USA

Office Phone: (217) 244-5431  Office FAX: (217) 244-4996
Lab Phones: (217) 333-0672 or (217) 244-9848
Email: fouke@uiuc.edu
Web Site: http://www.geology.uiuc.edu/~bfouke/
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Subject: American Scientist lead article
Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2002 16:38:36 -0400
From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The current issue of American Scientist contains a review paper on African
dust, microbes, and corals by, Griffin et al. For a preview go to
http://www.sigmaxi.org/amsci/articles/02articles/Griffin.html

------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
|
E. A. Shinn
email  eshinn@usgs.gov
USGS Center for Coastal Geology     |
600 4th St. South                   | voice  (727) 803-8747 x3030
St.Petersburg, FL  33701            | fax    (727) 803-2032
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.


Subject: Isolation of a novel bacterial coral pathogen
Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2002 02:51:59 -0700 (PDT)
From: Yael Ben-Haim <yaelll@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: lakehills1@juno.com

Hi all Coral-Listers,  George and Don ,

Hereby attached the online publication url in Marine Biology, of the paper
describing the isolation and characterization of the novel bacterial
pathogen of Pocillopora damicornis corals:

 A novel Vibrio sp. pathogen of the coral Pocillopora damicornis (2002)
Ben-Haim Y. and Rosenberg E.

http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00227/contents/02/00797/

Yael Ben-Haim

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Yael Ben-Haim

Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology

Tel Aviv University

Israel

Tel: (+972) 3 6407627

Fax: (+972) 3 6429377

e-mail: yaelbh@post.tau.ac.il

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


Subject: Diagonal butterflyfish
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2002 20:22:24 +0200
From: "Roi Holzman" <roi@pob.huji.ac.il>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

hallow all
does anybody knows a reference on the diel behavior and activity of the
above fish or a similar butterflyfish ?

thanks in advance

Roi Holzman
roi@pob.huji.ac.il
InterUniversity Institute For Marine Science of Eilat
P.O. box 469, Eilat, 88103, Israel.
Phone: 972-8-6360129/143
Fax: 972-8-6374329

Subject: Monitoring at Flower Garden Banks
Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2002 13:38:39 -0500
From: "George Schmahl" <George.Schmahl@noaa.gov>
Organization: Ocean and Coastal Resource Management
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

An announcement has been posted by the Minerals Management Service (U.S.
Department of Interior) asking for "Statements of Capability" from those
entities interested in being considered for a contract to conduct coral
reef monitoring activities at the East and West Flower Garden Banks in
the northwestern Gulf of Mexico.  The announcement can be viewed at the
following web address:

http://www.eps.gov/spg/DOI/MMS/PO/1435-01-02-RP-85088/SynopsisP.html

The potential contract is jointly funded by MMS and the Flower Garden
Banks National Marine Sanctuary, and will cover the next two years
(2002-2003) of monitoring activities associated with a long term
monitoring program that has been in effect since 1989.  General
information about the monitoring program can be obtained from the
following web site:

http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/regulate/environ/flow_gar/flowgard.html

Interested parties should direct inquiries to the Minerals Management
Service contact person identified in the announcement.

--
G.P. Schmahl
Sanctuary Manager
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
216 W. 26th Street, Suite 104
Bryan, TX   77803

(979) 779-2705
(979) 779-2334 (fax)
george.schmahl@noaa.gov
http://www.flowergarden.nos.noaa.gov

~~~~~~~
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Subject: postgraduate(PhD) scholarship
Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 10:15:00 +1000
From: Adele Pile <apile@bio.usyd.edu.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Postgraduate Scholarship in Marine Biology

Open to candidates with good honours degree in science; PhD project
investigates the effect of pulsed water events on benthic communities;
must
be willing to conduct field work in South Australia; ability to SCUBA
dive
desirable; prefer candidate to begin studies in August 2002; must be
citizens or permanent residents of Australia; renewable for up to 3
years;
AU$17,609pa.

Closing Date: 14 June 2002

Further information: http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/reschols/scholarships/
Or contact Dr. Adele Pile apile@bio.usyd.edu.au

************************************************************
Dr Adele Pile

Lecturer in Marine Biology
University of Sydney
School of Biological Sciences
Heydon-Laurence Building (A08)
Sydney, NSW 2006
Australia

phone:  + 61 02 9351 2440
fax: +61 02 9351 4119
http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/staff/adelepile/AdelePile.htm
***********************************************************
--=====================_432246802==_.ALT
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html>
<b>Postgraduate Scholarship in Marine Biology<br>
<br>
</b>Open to candidates with good honours degree in science; PhD project
investigates the effect of pulsed water events on benthic communities;
must be willing to conduct field work in South Australia; ability to
SCUBA dive desirable; prefer candidate to begin studies in August 2002;
must be citizens or permanent residents of Australia; renewable for up
to
3 years; AU$17,609pa.<br>
<br>
Closing Date: 14 June 2002<br>
<br>
Further information:<font color="#0000FF"><u>
<a href="http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/reschols/scholarships/"
eudora="autourl">http://www.usyd.edu.au/su/reschols/scholarships/<br>
</a></u></font>Or contact Dr. Adele Pile apile@bio.usyd.edu.au<br>
<br>
<br>
<div>************************************************************</div>
<div>Dr Adele Pile</div>
<br>
<div>Lecturer in Marine Biology</div>
<div>University of Sydney</div>
<div>School of Biological Sciences</div>
<div>Heydon-Laurence Building (A08)</div>
<div>Sydney, NSW 2006</div>
<div>Australia</div>
<br>
<div>phone:&nbsp; + 61 02 9351 2440</div>
<div>fax: +61 02 9351 4119</div>
<div><a href="http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/staff/adelepile/AdelePile.htm"
EUDORA=AUTOURL>http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/staff/adelepile/AdelePile.htm
</a></div>
***********************************************************
</html>
--=====================_432246802==_.ALT--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Reef Encounter - Call for Contributions
Date: Tue, 30 Apr 2002 17:55:02 +0100 (BST)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

MAGAZINE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
News, Views and Reviews

REEF ENCOUNTER No. 32
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Reef Encounter is looking for articles for the next issue (due out in
September 2002).  We welcome contributions from 300 - 1200 words on any
aspect of reef studies, including news, comments, short reviews (but not
original scientific data) and also illustrations/cartoons.

Our final deadline is 1st July, but we appreciate receiving early
contributions.

Please send your ideas for articles and the articles themselves to our
NEW email address:

editors@reefencounter.org

You will receive an email acknowledgment from one of the editors within a
couple of days (if you don't please check back!).

If you need style guidelines, take a look at recent back issues at the
society's webpage www.uncwil.edu/isrs.

Thank you!

Kristian Teleki
Maggie Watson
Maria Joao Rodrigues

If you are interested in joining the society and receiving Reef Encounter
and the journal Coral Reefs, you can find more details on the web page.

www.uncwil.edu/isrs

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: FW: LILE AUX BENITIERS GOES ONLINE & INTERNATIONAL!!!
Date: Wed, 1 May 2002 10:44:39 +0400
From: "Tania van Schalkwyk" <tvs@uskonet.com>
To: <tvs@uskonet.com>

> INTERNATIONAL UPDATE:
>
> After an international petition (which is still circulating), many
> concerned individuals & organisations responded to an appeal to write
> letters to the Government of Mauritius expressing their opinions &
> statements of opposition or concern RE: development on L'ile aux Benitiers
> and the fate of this islet.
>
> Now, Africa Geographic, a magazine "about a continent worth saving" with
> articles about Africa's rich heritage & wildlife, exciting travel tips &
> opportunities, etc.
> has published information RE: L'ile aux Benitiers and the conservation
> fight to save the islet, under the title of:
> Mauritian Isle Under Threat.
> The information is available in their current issue (May 2002).
> Alternatively, you can go to their home web page, where the L'ile aux
> Benitiers issue is hilighted. The website is worth checking out.
> www.africa-geographic.com
>
>
> So...
> LILE AUX BENITIERS HAS GONE INTERNATIONAL & ONLINE!
>
> Should you know of any other publications (national & international) or
> websites hilighting the fight to save L'ile aux Benitiers, please forward
> the information to haberland@intnet.mu
>
> Keep up the fight!
>
> Tania
> (a concerned citizen)
>
> PS I  will be offline during the month of May. Please address all queries,
> comments & info to:  haberland@intnet.mu
> bearing in mind that answers may be slow !

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name: winmail.dat
   winmail.dat    Type: Notepad
                        (application/x-unknown-content-type-Notepad.exe)
              Encoding: base64

Subject: Postion: Moorea, Research Scientist
Date: Wed, 1 May 2002 08:57:58 -0700
From: George Roderick <roderick@nature.berkeley.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Academic Coordinator (Research Scientist), permanent, nine-month (paid over
12 months), at the Univ. Calif., Berkeley in the College of Natural
Resources associated with  the Richard B. Gump South Pacific Research
Station (Moorea, French Polynesia).  Available 1 June 2002. Salary range
Academic Coordinator, $54,240-$59,436. Initial appointment dates are
6/1/02-5/31/03 with expectations of yearly reappointment depending upon
availability of funds.  Candidates should have a Ph.D. in an appropriate
field, including biological, physical, social, or human sciences, 2 years of
postdoctoral experience, as well as experience as a director or manager.
The Research Director will develop and coordinate research programs focused
on French Polynesia as a model system to study the interaction of
biological, cultural, and physical processes in the construction and
maintenance of biocultural communities.  She or he will lead the Polynesia
Education and Research Laboratories at the Gump Station in Moorea and will
spend extended periods of time in French Polynesia.  Applicants should have
experience of working in an international setting (preferably in Polynesia),
preferably island systems, and have familiarity with field stations.  A
working knowledge of French is essential.  The appointee will help to
develop innovative undergraduate and graduate teaching programs in Moorea
and can apply for Adjunct Faculty status.  The candidate must have strong
oral and written communication skills, demonstrated leadership abilities,
and a proven record in obtaining research grants and other fundraising.
Applicants should submit CV, statement of research and teaching interests,
and names and addresses of three references to: George Roderick, Director,
Gump Station, College of Natural Resources, 201 Wellman Hall, MC 3112,
University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112.  Additional information
can be found at http://nature.berkeley.edu/gump.  Applications must be
received by 15 May 2002.

The University of California is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action
Employer.

--

George Roderick
-------------------------------------------------------------
Faculty Director
Gump South Pacific Research Laboratory, Moorea, French Polynesia
http://nature.berkeley.edu/gump

and

Environmental Science, Policy and Management
201 Wellman Hall MC 3112, University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720-3112 USA
tel (510) 643-3326, dept. (510) 642-3327, fax (510) 642-7428
http://nature.berkeley.edu/~roderick, http://nature.berkeley.edu/evolab
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the

Subject: Reef exploitation indicators for SE Asian reefs
Date: Fri, 3 May 2002 10:38:04 +0100
From: "Tim Daw" <tim_daw@yahoo.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear List Members

I am currently looking for evidence of overexploitation and reef degradation
from data collected by volunteers over 2.5 years on the coral reefs in
northern Sabah, Borneo.

It appears that the reefs are very heavily over-exploited and to illustrate
this am looking for comparative data from reefs the region on the following
variables:
- Size/frequency distributions and/or densities of commercially valuable
fish measured by UVC. Particulary for Plectropomus spp, Cheilinus undulatus,
Cromileptes altivelis as well as generally for Balistids, Lutjanids,
Lethrinids, Haemulids, Scarids and Groupers.
- Densities of Diadema, Tridacnid clams and edible Holothurians.

I'd be particularly interested in data from protected or well-managed sites
and highly overfished sites to compare our data with that from best and
worst case scenarios.

So far, I've found some good fish density data from Indonesia and the
Philippines in papers by Pet-Soede et al and Russ and Acala.

With thanks for any assistance,

Cheers,

Tim Daw

Former Chief Scientist
Greenforce Pulau Banggi Project for Coral Reef Biodiversity

I am currently analysing data collected by volunteers over 2.5 years on the
coral reefs of Banggi, northern Sabah, Borneo. We are looking for
indications of reef health and fishing impacts (general overfishing as well
as cyanide and blast fishing). I would be really grateful to hear from
anyone who might have or be able to direct me towards comparable data as I
hope to put the current status of Banggi's reefs and the measurements we
have obtained into context by comparison with other (some well-managed if
possible) reefs in the region. I'm particularly interested in:

- Size/frequency distribution of commercially valuable fish measured by UVC.
Particulary for Plectropomus spp, Cheilinus undulatus, Cromileptes altivelis
as well as generally for Balistids, Lutjanids, Lethrinids, Haemulids,
Scarids and Groupers.
- Densities of Diadema and Tridacnid clams
- Any studies that have used UVC to estimate biomass of commercial fish.

I'd also like to hear if there are any suggestions of other indicators of
overfishing and reef health that we could look at from the results of our
belt transects for fish and invertebrates and line point transects for
substrate and coral growth form. The commonest general indicators for coral
condition appear to be

Please reply directly to me at this address.

Tim Daw

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Tropical Marine Invertebrate Biology Summer Course
Date: Sat, 4 May 2002 11:24:27 -0500
From: "Norman J. Quinn" <nquinn@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I would like to invite list members wishing to learn more about tropical
invertebrates to consider participating in the course offered below.

Cheers
Norman Quinn

Tropical Marine Invertebrate Biology
Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
University of the West Indies
30 June - 14 July 2002

Faculty:  Prof. Peter F. Newell, Former Head Dept of Biology, University
of
the South Pacific

               Dr. Barbara L. Kojis, Director, Division of Fish and
Wildlife, Virgin Islands

               Dr. Norman J. Quinn, Director, Discovery Bay Marine Lab,
University of the West Indies

               Dr. George F. Warner, Director, Center for Marine
Science,
University of the West Indies

Course Aims: To increase students' knowledge of the biology and
biodiversity
of marine invertebrate animals and of methodologies for marine
biological
fieldwork through intensive, direct experience. At the end of the course
the
students will be able to identify marine species within a range of
invertebrate phyla. They will understand aspects of the biological
relationships between these species and their environments and will be
able
to apply field and laboratory techniques to study these relationships.
They
will become proficient at scientific record keeping.

Instruction by a widely experienced faculty will be by extensive
fieldwork,
lectures, and laboratory practicals. This is a 4 credit University of
the
West Indies course and may be transferable to other universities.

Application: The course is open to undergraduates and graduates who have
taken at least one year of biology - invertebrate zoology and ecology
are
recommended. All students must be confident of their swimming skills.
Students with scuba certification are encouraged to enroll and will be
able
to utilize those skills in field activities. Applications should include
a
cover letter with a paragraph describing why you are interested in the
course, transcripts, and two letters of recommendation. Applications
will be
reviewed on 22 May 2002. Late applications will be considered if space
permits. Applications may either be sent by post or email.

Fellowships will be available to facilitate participation of students
who
have difficulty paying the full fee. The fellowships will not be
available
to assist with paying for meals and accommodation. Evidence for the
fellowship must be included when the student submits the application.

Facilities: The Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory is a research and
teaching
institution of the University of the West Indies, ideally located for
studies of coral reef environments. It has easy access to a
shallow-water
lagoon, rocky shores, shallow and deep coral reefs and fossil
Pleistocene
coral reefs. Diving equipment includes scuba tanks, several boats,
compressors, a double lock hyperbaric chamber, digital imaging lab, wet
lab,
several dry labs, library and workshops. Accommodations include a 10
room
dormitory and apartment block. Research space is available to
investigators,
students and courses from other institutions. For details of fees and
space
availability contact:

Dr. Norman J. Quinn, Director, Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory, PO Box
35,
Discovery Bay, St. Ann, Jamaica. Fax (876) 973-3091, phone (876)
973-2241.
Email: nquinn@uwimona.edu.jm

Norman Quinn, Ph.D.
Director
Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
PO Box 35
Discovery Bay, St. Ann
Jamaica
phone (876) 973-2241 fax (876) 973-3091
reply to: nquinn@uwimona.edu.jm

"I have made this letter a rather long one, only because I didn't have
the
leisure to make it shorter." Blaise Pascal (1623-1662)

NOTICE: This message contains privileged and confidential information
intended only for the use of the addressee named above. If you are not
the intended recipient of this message you are hereby notified that you
must not disseminate, copy or take any action in reliance on it. If you
have received this message in error please notify me immediately. Any
views
expressed in this message are those of
the individual sender, except where the sender has the authority to
issue and specifically states them to be the views of Discovery Bay
Marine
Lab.

876 973 2241 phone
876 973 3091
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: What saves corals from bleaching?
Date: Mon, 06 May 2002 20:43:42 +1000
From: Terry Done <T.Done@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Message from: Terry Done, Jamie Oliver, Steve Coles, Rod Salm,  Gilly
Llewellyn, David Obura

Dear Coral-Listers;

We are writing to ask if you could find some time to complete a bleaching
questionnaire that is posted on the ReefBase web site.

http://www.reefbase.org/input/bleachingquestionaire/index.asp

You can answer it on-line, or if that is an expensive option for you, you
can quickly download an electronic copy of the form from the ReefBase site
(see bottom of 1st page of the questionnaire) or request either Terry Done
(tdone@aims.gov.au) or Jamie Oliver (j.oliver@cgiar.org) to email you a
copy.

The questionnaire is one approach to better understand the causes of the
patchiness in bleaching response and recovery.  We developed it with
colleagues at an international workshop in Hawaii May 2001 hosted by The
Nature Conservancy and the WWF (see proceedings at www.conserveonline.org).
It aims to establish the best predictors of resistance to coral bleaching
and mortality during bleaching, and of resilience or recovery on affected
reefs following bleaching events. Responses to the questionnaire will allow
the testing of a range of hypotheses that various environmental factors
actually confer bleaching resistance and promote recovery. The process is
intended to help define additional criteria that might be factored into the
design and selection of new coral reef MPAs.

We have tried to make the questions mostly qualitative or semiquantitative.
The strength of the exercise will be in getting lots of returns, not high
levels of accuracy in answers to individual questions. We will do
multivariate analyses of the returns that allow us to weight individual
factors and combinations of factors that best predict vulnerability or
resistance during bleaching years, and recoverability following bleaching.

We would be very grateful if you would try it for at least one site or two
contrasting sites (e.g. one that did and one that did not bleach in 1998 or
2002).  Let Terry know if you have any problems, and if it works OK, please
fill out as many as you are able to - one per site.

Many thanks,

Terry Done, Jamie Oliver, Steve Coles, Rod Salm,  Gilly Llewellyn, David
Obura

Subject: Re: black band disease molecular microbiology
Date: Mon, 06 May 2002 12:55:13 +0000
From: "ofri johan" <ofrijohan@hotmail.com>
To: fouke@uiuc.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: Click Here
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: White Plague Alert
Date: Mon, 6 May 2002 07:37:50 -0700 (PDT)
From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: Laurie Richardson <richardl@fiu.edu>,
     Samantha Ryan <samantha.ryan@noaa.gov>,
     Craig Downs <craigdowns@envirtue.com>,
     "'Cheryl.Woodley@noaa.gov'" <cheryl.woodley@noaa.gov>,
     Kay Briggs <kay.briggs@mms.gov>, Jeff Miller <jeffmiller@islands.vi>,
     Caroline S Rogers <caroline_rogers@usgs.gov>

Dear coral-listers.

This short notice is to send you an early alert on
White Plague!

On March 27, 2002 a single colony of Montastrea
annularis (columnar morph) showed what appeared to be
a typical lesion of a White Plague II infection.  The
observation was made at Carlos Rosario Beach, within
the Luis Pena Channel Marine Fishery Reserve, Culebra
Island (27 km off northeastern Puerto Rico).

But on May 4, 2002, approximately 40 colonies of M.
annularis where showing similar recent mortality,
higly similar to WP-II in their early stages.  Also,
there was one partially bleached colony of M.
annularis, as well as 5 colonies showing a recent
outbreak of Black Band Disease.  Observations were
made in approximately a 200 x 80 m  area.

This pattern appears to be similar to what we observed
during the 2001 outbreak, very sparse signs of the
disease in late June, and then a major outbreak by
August. However, this year it commenced approximately
3 months earlier than in 2001.

No microbiological samples have been collected yet
because we were not expecting this during our recent
visit.  I plan to collect samples during the following
trip.  Any recommendations on culturing and preserving
bacterial isolates are welcome.

Please, keep your eyes open if you happen to see
anything which may look like WP-II.

Best wishes.

Edwin

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Health - your guide to health and wellness
http://health.yahoo.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Re: coral-list-daily V2 #417
Date: Mon, 6 May 2002 19:15:02 -0700
From: George Stettner <lakehills1@juno.com>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Effective immediatly, there is an Aquarist position available at the San
Antonio Zoological Gardens and Aquarium.Aquarists perform a variety of
tasks related to the handling, care, and maintenance of fishes,
invertebrates, and other aquatic vertebrae along with their
enviroments.The Aquarist reports to the department Supervisor.

ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
*Establish and maintain positive, cooperative, and effective working
relations with fellow employees.
*Constantly exhibit a customer service attitude, a smile, and an obvious
interest in visitor comfort and service.
*Communicate with the public in a courtious and tactful manner and assist
visitors with questions and directions to various areas of the Zoo.
Address the visitor-do not wait to be asked.
*Remove trash and debris from public areas; i.e. pick up litter whenever
you see it.
*Performing daily cleaning and maintenance of enclosures, service areas,
and holding fascilities.
*Assisting with medication of species in accordance with instructions of
the Zoo Verterinarian.
*Observing and evaluating animal behavior and conditions, and reporting
to the department Supervisor on a daily basis.
*Providing assistance in setting up exhibits.
*Driving motor vehicles or operating mechanical equipment.
*Any and all other duties as assigned.

KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS and ABILITIES
*Knowledge of fishes and aquatic vertebrae behavior and biology.
*Able to follow oral and written instructions.
*Able to communicate in English.
*Able to work safely with delicate, wild, and frequently dangerous
species.
*Able to lift heavey (80 lbs.) objects from ground level, move
approximatly 10 feet, and return to ground level.
*Able to open, enter, exit, and secure animal enclosures.
*Suffeciant strngth, agiliyt, and coordination to net capture, amd/or
restrain animals of extreme size, strngth, and agility.
*Sufficiant delicacy to handle, examine, and move without harming, sick,
injured, or struggling small animals.

MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS
*Able to work weekends, holidays, and occasional after-hour assignments.
*Valid Texas driver's license.
*Associates degree in wildlife/fisheries managment, zoology, biology, or
related field.
*One year aquarist experience.

Starting salary is $7.87/hr. This goes to $8.11/hr. after 4 months.
If you, or you know someone that is wanting to get into this field,
please send a resume to,
  San Antonio Zoo
3903 N. St. Mary's ST.
San Antonio, TX 78212

            George Stettner
  Aquarium/Reptile Supervisor
           San Antonio Zoo
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Position Opening -correction
Date: Mon, 6 May 2002 21:48:50 -0700
From: George Stettner <lakehills1@juno.com>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Let this be a lesson, don't rush, use spell check. Thanks

                      Geo.

Effective immediately, there is an Aquarist position available at the San
Antonio Zoological Gardens and Aquarium. Aquarists perform a variety of
tasks related to the handling, care, and maintenance of fishes,
invertebrates, and other aquatic vertebrae along with their environments
Aquarist reports to the department Supervisor.

ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS
*Establish and maintain positive, cooperative, and effective working
relations with fellow employees.
*Constantly exhibit a customer service attitude, a smile, and an obvious
interest in visitor comfort and service.
*Communicate with the public in a courteous and tactful manner and assist
visitors with questions and directions to various areas of the Zoo.
Address the visitor-do not wait to be asked.
*Remove trash and debris from public areas; i.e. pick up litter whenever
you see it.
*Performing daily cleaning and maintenance of enclosures, service areas,
and holding facilities.
*Assisting with medication of species in accordance with instructions of
the Zoo Veterinarian.
*Observing and evaluating animal behavior and conditions, and reporting
to the department Supervisor on a daily basis.
*Providing assistance in setting up exhibits.
*Driving motor vehicles or operating mechanical equipment.
*Any and all other duties as assigned.

KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS and ABILITIES
*Knowledge of fishes and aquatic vertebrae behavior and biology.
*Able to follow oral and written instructions.
*Able to communicate in English.
*Able to work safely with delicate, wild, and frequently dangerous
species.
*Able to lift heavy (80 lbs.) objects from ground level, move
approximately 10 feet, and return to ground level.
*Able to open, enter, exit, and secure animal enclosures.
*Sufficient strength, agility, and coordination to net capture, and/or
restrain animals of extreme size, strength, and agility.
*Sufficient delicacy to handle, examine, and move without harming, sick,
injured, or struggling small animals.

MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS
*Able to work weekends, holidays, and occasional after-hour assignments.
*Valid Texas driver's license.
*Associates degree in wildlife/fisheries management, zoology, biology, or
related field.
*One year aquarist experience.

Starting salary is $7.87/hr. This goes to $8.11/hr. after 4 months.
If you, or you know someone that is wanting to get into this field,
please send a resume to,
  San Antonio Zoo
3903 N. St. Mary's ST.
San Antonio, TX 78212

            George Stettner
  Aquarium/Reptile Supervisor
           San Antonio Zoo
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: coral-list, CHAMP Page shut-down
Date: Tue, 07 May 2002 06:33:44 -0400
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Ladies & Gentlemen,

    Coral-list and the CHAMP Home Page will likely be shut down
temporarily this week so that we can move the list over to our new
server.  If you have something important to post, I suggest you post it
today, then wait until I announce that the move has taken place before
you post anything new.

    Thank you for your cooperation.

    Cheers,
    Jim
    coral-list admin

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Cuban Coral Reef Symposium
Date: Tue, 07 May 2002 08:49:25 -0400
From: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

SYMPOSIUM ON CORAL REEFS, TOGETHER FOR THEIR CONSERVATION
Cayo Coco, Cuba September 16-20, 2002

TOPICS:
      1.        Integrated management and sustainable use of coral reef:
marine
reserves, protected areas and tourist use.
      2.        Contribution of fishermen, divers and volunteers of the
communities to a status monitoring of the coral reef.
      3.        Environmental education to promote the protection of the
coral reef.

REGISTRATION:  $150/person

ACCOMODATIONS, MEALS AND TRANSFERS FROM CAYO COCO AIRPORT:
        Three meals and room (double occupancy) in 4 star hotel
Approximately
$360/for four nights.

TRAVEL DIRECT MIAMI-HAVANA
        American citizens can fly direct from Miami to Havana and return on
one of
the daily charter flights for  $330 uder the Travel Restrictions of the US
Dept. of Treasurey Office of Foreign Assets Control.
        "Full-time professions whose travel is directly related to
professsional
research in their professional areas, provided that their research: (1) is
of a  non-commercial academic nature,  (2) comprises a full work schedule
in Cuba, and (3) has a substantial likelihood of public dissemination" OFAC
(07913-99)
        For reservations or further information on air travel and transfers
to
Cayo Coco contact Marazul Travel 1-800-223-5334 or
malonso@marazulcharters.com  Mida Alonso can take care of your needs

DAILY DIVING OR SNORKLING:
        A one-tank dive in Jardines de la Rey @  $22 or a 3.5 hour cruise
and
snorkle @Cayo Paredon Grande.

POST-SYMPOSIUM DIVE TRIPS:
        Diving in Santa Lucia de Cuba or Maria la Gorda.

FOR THE COMPLETE SECOND ANNOUNCEMENT WITH FULL INFORMATION INCLUDING
PRESENTING A PAPER OR POSTER, CONTACT  MARTA ARCOS
comercial@marlin.cha.cyt.cu

FOR INFORMATION ON TRAVEL TO CUBA SEE WWW.Cubalinda.com

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Re: Diagonal butterflyfish
Date: Tue, 07 May 2002 16:56:47 -0400
From: "Tom Hourigan" <Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: Roi Holzman <roi@pob.huji.ac.il>,
     coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Roi,

I assume that you are referring to Chaetodon fasciatus? (C. auriga, the
threadfin butterflyfish, is also sometimes referred to as the diagonal
butterflyfish).

I have not observed C. fasciatus, but its coloration (dark yellows with
black and bright white patches) is reminiscent of C. lunula and C.
quadrimaculatus.  The contrasting black and white is thought to increase
visibility in low light situations.  Hobson (1974 - Fish Bull. 72:915-1031)
presented gut content evidence that C. lunula fed at least to some extent at
night in Hawaii.  My own work on C. quadrimaculatus (Hourigan 1986, 1987)
showed that this species fed on a lunar day rather than on a solar day in
Hawaii.  During the new moon, pairs fed primarily during the day, with the
onset of feeding shifting about 50 minutes later on subsequent days, so that
by the time of the full moon they were sheltered most of the day and feeding
at night!  This is the only example of such an unusual diel cycle for a
coral reef fish of which I am aware. C. quadrimaculatus, like C. fasciatus
forms pairs and feeds in part on coral polyps. C. lunula in Hawaii, in
contrast does not seem to form pairs or feed on corals.

It is interesting that the permanent coloration of C. quadrimaculatus is
very similar to the temporary nocturnal coloration of several butterflyfish
species (e.g., Chaetodon citrinellus, C. melanotus, C.  tinkeri and C.
trifascialis).  I would be very interested to learn if C. fasciatus is
feeding at least partially at night.

Tom


Hourigan, T.F. (1987).  The Behavioral Ecology of Three Species of Hawaiian
  Butterflyfishes, (Fam. Chaetodontidae).  Ph.D. Dissertation, University of
Hawaii.

Hourigan, T.F. (1986).  An experimental removal of a territorial
pomacentrid: Effects
  on the occurrence and behavior of competitors.  Env. Biol. Fish.
15(3):161-169.

Roi Holzman wrote:

> hallow alldoes anybody knows a reference on the diel behavior and activity
> of the above fish or a similar butterflyfish ?
>
> thanks in advanceRoi Holzman
> roi@pob.huji.ac.il
> InterUniversity Institute For Marine Science of Eilat
> P.O. box 469, Eilat, 88103, Israel.
> Phone: 972-8-6360129/143
> Fax: 972-8-6374329

  Thomas F. Hourigan, Ph.D. <Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov>
  Coral Reef and Biodiversity Coordinator
  Office of Habitat Conservation -- Tel: (301) 713-2319
  NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service -- Fax: (301) 713-0376

  Thomas F. Hourigan, Ph.D.
  Coral Reef and Biodiversity Coordinator          <Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov>
  Office of Habitat Conservation -- Tel: (301)
  713-2319
  NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service -- Fax:
  (301) 713-0376
  1315 East-West Highway                           Fax: (301) 713-0376
  Silver Spring                                    Work: (301) 713-2319
  MD
  20850
  U.S.A.
  Additional Information:
  Last Name    Hourigan
  First Name   Tom
  Version      2.1

Subject: Welcome to the new coral-list mail server!
Date: Thu, 9 May 2002 14:16:56 -0400 (EDT)
From: Louis Florit <florit@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD

Greetings, Coral-Listers!

    I am happy to announce that coral-list is now installed on our
super-server at AOML.  Thanks go to our programming and systems support
team here at AOML:

    Louis Florit             CHAMP majordomo/sendmail and Oracle expert
    Clarke Jeffris           AOML/OCD Systems Administrator
    John McKeever      AOML Systems Administrator
    Monika Gurnee       CHAMP WebMiss

    Our new server is a Beowulf 8-cluster Linux server, which will also
as home for our Coral Health and Monitoring Program (CHAMP) Web Page
(and various other coral-related Web pages), our new Coral Reef Early
Warning System (CREWS) services (real-time reports and Oracle database
access), and various other coral-related duties.

    Let us know if you have any questions or comments.

    Cheers,
    Jim

  ----------------------------------------------------
  James C. Hendee, Ph.D.
  Coral Health and Monitoring Program
  Ocean Chemistry Division
  Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
  Miami, FL  33149-1026

  Voice:  (305) 361-4396
  Fax:    (305) 361-4392
  Email:  jim.hendee@noaa.gov
  Web:    http://www.coral.noaa.gov

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Cuba Symposium
Date: Thu, 09 May 2002 14:43:32 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

A more complete announcement to the "Symposium on Coral Reef: Together
for their Conservation" may be seen at:

    http://www.coral.noaa.gov/cuba/cuba-2nd.pdf

    Cheers,
    Jim

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Aplysina fistularis Locales
Date: Thu, 9 May 2002 17:25:22 -0400
From: "Tom Shannon" <tomshannon@erols.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

A collegue and I will be travelling to the Florida Keys in June in search of
live Aplysina fistularis for a study of the chemical ecology of these
sponges.

Given the ever-changing "demographics" of reefs, our limited budget, and
limited time, we would be grateful for any information on the whereabouts of
reefs within the Florida Keys that are rich in this species... recent
sightings please.

Email to tomshannon@erols.com

Thank you,

Tom Shannon
St. Mary's College
St. Mary's City, MD

Subject: AIMS reef monitoring - new articles and report
Date: Fri, 10 May 2002 14:58:27 +1000
From: Kate Osborne <kosborne@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

There is some new material on the AIMS reef monitoring web page.

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/cots02/cots02.htm
This article summarizes some published information on the relationship
between Crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) and the coral that they prey upon.
Includes a 6MB movie of Rib Reef before, during and one year after a COTS
outbreak.

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/coral-diseases/diseasecp.html
In this article we publish some summary results of reef monitoring surveys
of "white syndrome" and black band disease on Great Barrier Reef (GBR)
survey reefs.

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/ltm/northis/01-northcontents.htm
A  report detailing the results of a baseline survey of the Northumberland
Islands (southern GBR). The url below is a link to three small quicktime
movies showing the general habitat at three islands where video surveys
were conducted.

movie link

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/ltm/northis/figure4.htm

Kate Osborne
Reef Monitoring
A.I.M.S
P.M.B 3, Townsville MC, 4810
ph 61 7 47534354
fax 61 7 47534288
www.aims.gov.au/reef-monitoring

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Test return/meeting
Date: Fri, 10 May 2002 14:59:20 -0400
From: Mark Warner <mwarner@UDel.Edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I hope to receive the tests from Newark by Monday morning at the very
latest. If everyone agrees, we can meet briefly Tuesday so that everyone can
get their tests back. This will mean that you Newark folks will probably
need to wait until Wed. or Thursday before the graded tests make it back to
you via the campus shuttle. Please let me know if you won't make it for
Tuesday, and I will get them to your mailboxes.

Mark

--
Mark E. Warner, Assistant Professor
University of Delaware
College of Marine Studies
Smith Building
700 Pilottown Rd.
Lewes, DE 19958

phone:  302-645-4365
fax:    302-645-4028

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: disregard previous message
Date: Fri, 10 May 2002 15:07:39 -0400
From: Mark Warner <mwarner@UDel.Edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral list,
Please disregard the last message from me. This is what happens when we have
e-mail lists too close together (i.e. Coral list and coral class.....opps!).
Sorry for the lapse.

Mark Warner
--
Mark E. Warner, Assistant Professor
University of Delaware
College of Marine Studies
Smith Building
700 Pilottown Rd.
Lewes, DE 19958
USA

phone:  302-645-4365
fax:    302-645-4028

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Searching for JCU ex-student
Date: Mon, 13 May 2002 11:27:24 +0300
From: "Sangeeta Mangubhai" <smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral Listers,

I am trying to find a Patricia Davis (I am not sure at all about the last
name) who was a Masters student at James Cook Unversity in 2000.  She was
putting together an interesting overview on the Live Food Fish Trade which I
am interesting in chasing up and discussing further with her.

The last known email address I have for her is zehra_2000@hotmail.com which
does not seem to work now.

Any help finding Patricia would be much appreciated.

Thanks Sangeeta


***********************************************
Sangeeta Mangubhai
P.O. Box 10135
Bamburi
Mombasa
KENYA
Tel:  +254-(011)-474-582
Email: smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke

Subject: Information on Coral reef associated crabs
Date: Tue, 14 May 2002 13:22:12 +0530
From: "dugong" <dugong@md2.vsnl.net.in>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,
I am working on the coral associated crabs of Gulf of Mannar Biosphere
Reserve in South East Coast of India (between India and Sri Lanka). This
year we have conducted survey (20 days before) on the reefs and we have
found that very less number of crabs present which may be due to bleaching
of some species of massive corals. I am interested in continuing studies on
the reef associated crabs.  Any one who can spend a few minutes time in
helping me finding out information, reprints and literature on the taxonomy,
diversity, distribution and ecology of these crabs (Trapezium crabs) are
welcome.  Since the place where I am working has not ordering all the
related journals. Hence i request for help.
Thanks very much
A. Gokul
Research Scientist
Marine Biological Station
Zoological Survey of India
130, santhome High Road
Chennai 600 028 India

Subject: shark fin soup - must buy item
Date: Tue, 14 May 2002 21:48:15 -1000
From: Darrin Drumm <druda019@student.otago.ac.nz>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear List Members,

I am forwarding this message on behalf of Asia Shark Watch, for the
interest of anyone in our scientific community who feels strongly about
shark finning practices.

It has been brought to our attention that the Hong Kong Tourism Board under
its shopping mecca promotion has put Dried Seafood and the sale of SHARK FIN
in its 'Hong Kong Must Buy Items'.  The link to the site is attached below.
Just click on the vote button and run the cursor over the Dried Seafood box
to see that shark fins are included in this choice.

http://webserv1.discoverhongkong.com/eng/shop/mustbuy/vote.jhtml

The local green groups have voiced their concern in the South China
Morning Post, and now we are asking the international community such as
yourselves to spend 5 minutes in writing an email to the following people,
and condemn the HK Tourism Board and Government for running such a campaign:

Rebecca Lai, Commissioner for Tourism:  tcenq@tc.esb.gov.hk
Chief Executive Tung Chee Wah:  ceo@ceo.gov.hk
Miss Jacqueline Ann Willis, JP, Hong Kong Commissioner to the US:
hketo@hketowashington.gov.hk

Thanks,

Asia Shark Watch

Darrin Drumm
PhD Candidate
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago
P.O. Box 56
Dunedin, New Zealand
ph:  64 3 479-8306
fax: 64 3 479-8336
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: AAUS diver needed
Date: Thu, 16 May 2002 23:29:55 -0400
From: "Dione Swanson" <dwswanson@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-listers,

One spot is open on a research expedition in the Florida Keys to conduct
rapid assessments of coral reef community structure.  Dates are June 9th
through June 20, 2002 (and possibly June 21st through June 30th),
requirements are:

Current AAUS or NOAA certification
Nitrox certification,
Expert id of caribbean corals, and
General knowledge of other major groups: expert taxonomic knowledge of
sponges or gorgonians a plus).

Travel costs and expenses will be covered, and salary is available and
commensurate with experience.  The expedition is part of a Keyswide Program
that coordinates benthic and fish studies in an intensive ship-based
expeditionary mode.

Please contact Dione Swanson at dswanson@rsmas.miami.edu or 305 361 4914.

Dione W. Swanson
Research Associate, NURC/UNCW
515 Caribbean Drive
Key Largo, FL  33037
(305) 451-0233  fax (305) 453-9719

Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, FL 33149
(305) 361-4914

_________________________________________________________________
MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos:
http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.


Subject: LILE AUX BENITIERS PETITION UPDATE; 16.05.02
Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 09:41:50 +0400
From: "Haberland" <haberland@intnet.mu>
To: <Undisclosed-Recipient:;@aoml.noaa.gov@nems.noaa.gov>

  LILE AUX BENITIERS PETITION UPDATE

* The L'ile aux Benitiers petition;"Mauritius: Paradise Lost?", formulated
by an Ad Hoc 'collectif' of citizens, NGO members & veteran ecologists,
continues to be signed & passed on (via the internet & on paper; nationally
& internationally).

* Over 1000 signatures have been collected locally thus far. The first 1264
signatures were handed over (on 'diskette') to Mr. Ananda Rajoo on the 27th
of April in a meeting at the MIE. As an invited guest at the meeting, and a
Mauritian citizen; I took the opportunity to request a response from the
necessary government officials to the Mauritian general public RE: the fate
of L'ile aux Benitiers.

Subject: job position available with Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.
Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 09:45:40 +0100
From: "JeanLuc Solandt" <jls@coralcay.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear list members,

Position available: Director - Science Department for Coral Cay Conservation
(CCC) Ltd.

Coral Cay Conservation Ltd. is an award winning not-for-profit NGO that
currently runs terrestrial and marine conservation projects in Fiji,
Honduras and The Philippines. We are seeking an experienced postgraduate
(with PhD preferred) to manage the CCC Science Department. The successful
applicant will have a background in managing and research of both marine and
terrestrial science based projects, with proven experience of over 12 months
fieldwork. The position is at director level, thus a considerable amount of
management experience will be needed.

Applications: Letter/ CV (email only) to: Mr. Peter Raines, Managing
Director, Coral Cay Conservation psr@coralcay.org, /www.coralcay.org/

Work is London-based with international travel.

Closing date for applications is May 25th.

Thank you.

Jean-Luc Solandt, PhD
Indo Pacific Marine Scientist, Coral Cay Conservation
The Tower, 125 High St., Colliers Wood, London SW19 2JG,
phone: +44 (0)208 545 7721, fax: +44 (0)870 750 0667

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: CHAMP website, coral-list scheduled shutdown.
Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 11:17:36 -0400
From: "Louis Florit" <Louis.Florit@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers:

This weekend starting Friday, May 17th, 2002 afternoon until Monday, May
20th, 2002, we will experience a shutdown of mail and web services.  The
building where the coral server is located is having its air
conditioning cooling tower replaced; the building temperatures rise to
the high 90s F without the air conditioner running, and can adversely
impact the coral server hardware.  Secondly, the internet connection to
our building is being serviced this Saturday.

Sorry for the inconvinience.  Expect full return of services by this
coming Monday.

Best Regards,
Louis Florit

Subject: booder or spawner?
Date: Fri, 17 May 2002 18:38:27 +0100
From: Chris Schelten <cks102@york.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi,
can anybody quick help me before the list shuts down for this weekend
and tell me if Stephanocoenia michelinii is a brooder or spawner?
Thanks!
Nice weekend,
Chris

--
><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>
Christiane K. Schelten
Environment Department
University of York
York YO10 5DD
England
Tel: 01904-434067
Fax: 01904-432998
e-mail: cks102@york.ac.uk
            chris_schelten@hotmail.com

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: ISRS European Meeting
Date: Mon, 20 May 2002 08:37:22 EDT
From: HelgePeterVogt@aol.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all:

There are still a few slots available in the session on 'Dynamics of reef
ecosystems in space and time' as part of the ISRS Meeting to be held in
Cambridge, UK from the 4 - 7 September 2002.

If you are planning to participate, please note that the deadline for
submitting an abstract is 1 JUNE 2002. Formatting instructions are on the
website (www.isrs2002.org) and it would be very helpful if these
instructions
could be followed precisely.

Regards,

Helge Vogt

--------------------------------------------------
Dr Helge Peter Vogt
24 Doddington Grove
London
SE17 3TT
United Kingdom
T./Fax: 0044 20 7587 3556
E-mail: HelgePeterVogt@aol.com
--------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: For P. DUSTAN
Date: Mon, 20 May 2002 17:51:48 +0300
From: Michal RARD <michael.rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Sorry for every body who are not concerned, but I don't have the email of P.
DUSTAN.

Dear Phillip,

Just some words to thank you for your very interessant reprints you have
sent me some weeks ago.
Cheers,
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm

Subject: ISRS ELECTIONS 2002
Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 20:55:26 -0500 (CDT)
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

This message concerns elections to be held by the International Society
for Reef Studies.  If you are not a member and would like to join and
participate in the Society, please see www.uncwil.edu/isrs for details.

Election of Officers and Councillors
Nomination Deadline Extended to June 21.

The International Society for Reef Studies will be holding elections in
September 2002 to replace outgoing officers and members of the ISRS
Council.  We will be electing a new President to replace retiring
President Terry Done, a Vice President (currently Barbara Brown) and a
Corresponding Secretary (currently Rich Aronson).  In addition, we will be
replacing six retiring members of the ISRS Council: Loke-Ming Chou, Hector
Guzman, Nicholas Polunin, Robert Richmond, Suharsono and Carden
Wallace.  Treasurer John Ware and Recording Secretary Peter Edmunds will
continue for another two years, as will six members of the ISRS
Council: Robert van Woesik, Lucien Montaggioni, Kathleen Sullivan-Sealey,
Helge P. Vogt, Jaime Garzon-Ferreira and Hajime Kayanne.  The tenure of
each elected position is 4 years, and new officers and councillors will
take over beginning 1 January 2003.  These positions are open only to
members of ISRS.
        Nominations should be submitted to Corresponding Secretary Rich
Aronson by post (Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin
Island, AL 36528, USA), by fax (251-861-7540), or as an email attachment
(raronson@disl.org).  Because of constitutional requirements, a nomination
submitted as text of an email message cannot be accepted unless it is also
submitted by one of the above methods.  Each nomination should consist of
the person's name, institution and country, and the post for which s/he is
running.  Each candidate should provide a one-paragraph statement about
his/her qualifications for the position (a brief history of his/her
involvement in coral reef work) and objectives while in that position (how
s/he envisions working to the benefit of ISRS).  Also required by the
Society's bylaws is a statement of disclosure of any financial
arrangements the candidate may have with any publisher of scientific
literature.  Self-nominations are welcome.  If you wish to nominate
someone other than yourself, please ask that person to mail, fax or email
Rich Aronson a confirmation of his/her willingness to run for the office.
        DEADLINE:  The deadline for nominations has been extended to 21
June 2002. Ballots and biographical sketches will be mailed to all members
of ISRS, the ballots to be returned to the Recording Secretary in
September (exact date to be announced).  The biographical sketches of the
candidates will also be posted on the ISRS web site, www.uncwil.edu/isrs,
until the day ballots are due.  The results of the election will be
announced once the ballots have been counted.
This is your chance to participate in running your Society.  We look
forward to hearing from you!

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Press Release: Announcement from the Tobago Cays Marine Park
Date: Tue, 21 May 2002 23:25:05 -0400
From: "Kurt Cordice" <sre@caribsurf.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

> Please forward to all who may be interested....
>
> ************************
>
> Press Release
>
> Date: 2002/05/22
>
> The Management of the Tobago Cays Marine Park (TCMP) proudly announces the
implementation of its
> 2002 Work Plan, which includes the Official Opening of the Park by
November, 2002.
>
> The five tiny Cays and the reef systems of the Tobago Cays creates a
lagoon-like area,
> considered by many experienced sailors to be one of the best and most
beautiful anchorages in the
> world.   Found in the waters of St. Vincent and the Grenadines, West
Indies, this unique area
> attracts large numbers of yachts, SCUBA divers and day visitors.   The
Tobago Cays is also
> considered by many to be the centerpiece of the Grenadines, a chain of
small islands which act as
> the central focus of marine tourism within the Windward Islands of the
West Indies.
>
> With the project now over 17 years old, the official opening of the Tobago
Cays Marine Park has
been
> a long time in coming.   However, the Management Team of the TCMP, which
has been in place for the
> past 4 years, has consistently maintained that a strong foundation
approach is crucial to the
Park's
> success, and that an official opening should not take place unless such a
foundation has been
> established.  The Management now feels that, with the successful
completion of its 2002 Work Plan,
> an adequate foundation will be established, and the Tobago Cays Marine
Park can look forward to a
> bright future for years to come.
>
> "...the Tobago Cays, and indeed the Grenadines as a whole, is an area of
incredible beauty and
> extreme importance.it is a Natural Heritage that must be protected for our
children, and for the
> children of the World.", says Kurt Cordice, leader of the TCMP Management
Team.
>
> The 2002 Work Plan of the Tobago Cays Marine Park includes various efforts
of capacity building
and
> training, designed to facilitate the Foundation Principle of Management
adopted by the TCMP.
These
> efforts will include the areas of:
>
>  Emergency Procedures (including Search and Rescue)
>  Research and Monitoring
>  Enforcement
>  Community Management
>
> For more details regarding activities planned for 2002, and for further
information about the
Tobago
> Cays Marine Park, please visit our web site at www.tobagocays.org
>
> The Management Team of the TCMP would like to thank those who have made
this final push towards
the
> opening of the Marine Park possible.   This thanks is especially extended
to many of the Vendors
of
> the Tobago Cays, who have taken it upon themselves to ensure that both the
social atmosphere and
the
> environment of the Tobago Cays continue to be one of the best in St.
Vincent and the Grenadines.
> The Management Team looks forward to working in partnership with the local
Vendors and the
Community
> of the Southern Grenadines, to ensure that this beautiful and valuable
area is protected as a
> Heritage for future generations.
>
>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: White Plague Alert #2
Date: Wed, 22 May 2002 21:42:02 -0700 (PDT)
From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-listers.

Just a follow up short notice to inform you about the
White Plague outbreak going on Culebra Island, Puerto
Rico.

An increasing frequency of corals was found during a
routine dive last Friday (May 17, 2002) to be actively
infected by the White Plague (possibly Type II). So
far, only the columnar morph of Montastrea annularis
is the only species affected.  This resembles the 1998
outbreak in Culebra in the sense that M. annularis was
the only species affected in our study sites.

However, since 1996 this has been the earliest time of
the year where such a major outbreak has been
detected.  There were small events during the late
summer-fall of 1996, 1997 and a major outbreak during
the late summer of 1998.  The 2001 outbreak occurred
during the middle of the summer.  But this year, the
first impacted colony was observed by March 27, 2002,
with an increasing frequency by late April.

To my knowledege, this has been the only report of WP
during this year in the Caribbean.  We are planning an
expedition during next week to assess the actual
extent and impacts of the disease. Also, during the
first week of June plan to collect tissue samples for
microbiological analysis.

Please, I'd like to recieve reactions from other
colleagues through the Caribbean. I'm just wondering
why are we having this local event in Culebra, but so
far, nowhere else in Puerto Rico or the rest of the
Caribbean! Any thougths about alternatives to stop the
disease progression? Is there any way that we can
stick some kind of antibiotics to the coral surface?
We plan to carry out some experiments about this
aspects.

Please, answer directly to me. Thanks in advance.

Regards,

Edwin

=====
Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Ph.D.
University of Puerto Rico
Department of Biology
Coral Reef Research Group
P.O. Box 23360
San Juan, P.R. 00931-3360
Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855; Fax (787) 764-2610

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
LAUNCH - Your Yahoo! Music Experience
http://launch.yahoo.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Sea Urchins..,
Date: Thu, 23 May 2002 14:24:11 -0600
From: "Jose M. Castello" <picoczml@cozumel.com.mx>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello , Do somebody have information you can send me about sea urchins as
contamination's indicators? I appreciatte if yo can send me a.s.a.p.
information about this. A million thanks, Jose M Castello -
picoczml@cozumel.com .mx

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Coral Bleaching on the GBR
Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 12:57:31 +1000
From: "Ray Berkelmans" <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear listers

The southern hemisphere summer is now over and the Great Barrier Reef had
another scorcher. Since January, it's been a busy time for bleachers with
in-water and aerial surveys. Yesterday the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Authority, the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the Cooperative
Research Centre for the GBR World Heritage Area jointly released the results
of their surveys (to date) to the media. For anyone interested, the press
release and map of aerial survey results can be found at:
http://www.reef.crc.org.au/publications/press/stress_for_reef.html

Essentially we are claiming that the 2002 bleaching event is the worst on
record with just under 60% of the GBR reef area with visible bleaching. This
compares with around 44% in 1998. However, total reef area in the higher
bleaching categories is essentially similar between 98 and 2002. We don't
have a good handle on mortality levels yet. Reefs are still recovering and
some still dying. As with 98, we expect most reefs will recover, however a
small number of reefs (particularly inshore reefs) are showing signs of
widespread mortality. The worst affected reefs are in the central GBR near
the town of Bowen where 80-90% of Acropora dominated communities on a number
of reefs are dead. In-water surveys are continuing over the coming months.
More information on the GBR bleaching event can be found at:
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/bleaching/

I haven't heard reports of bleaching elsewhere in the southern hemisphere
this summer. I take that as good news. Lets hope the northern hemisphere
reefs are spared too this coming summer!

Ray Berkelmans

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
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Subject: Re: Coral bleaching in Fiji and Samoa
Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 21:03:18 +1200
From: "Ed Lovell" <lovell@is.com.fj>
Organization: Biological Consultants, Fiji
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Ray Berkelmans" <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>

Dear Ray,

Fiji has had substantial coral bleaching this year.  Its extent is less than
the 2000 event with the important distinction that the warmer water has
remained stratified and largely affecting corals in shallower depths.  In
deeper areas, exceptional regrowth and continued recruitment is being
observed,  particularly in the areas previously affected by the major
bleaching.  Dr. Robyn Cumming, myself and other contributors are writing
this up.

A recent visit to Samoa has revealed bleaching to be common.  In Fagaloa
Bay, up to 30% of corals were bleached though this was dependent on the
location and the corals present.  Generally, it was much less. Reef tops
were characteristically more bleached. The very common, monopolising  table
coral, Acropora hyacinthus, remained largely unaffected in depths greater
than a couple of metres.  This species was one of the first to go in Fiji's
2000 event.

Best regards, Ed

Edward R. Lovell
Biological Consultants, Fiji
PO Box 3129
Lami, Fiji
Ph./Fax (679) 3361358
Email: lovell@is.com.fj
----- Original Message -----
From: Ray Berkelmans <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Friday, May 24, 2002 2:57 PM
Subject: Coral Bleaching on the GBR

Dear listers

The southern hemisphere summer is now over and the Great Barrier Reef had
another scorcher. Since January, it's been a busy time for bleachers with
in-water and aerial surveys. Yesterday the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Authority, the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the Cooperative
Research Centre for the GBR World Heritage Area jointly released the results
of their surveys (to date) to the media. For anyone interested, the press
release and map of aerial survey results can be found at:
http://www.reef.crc.org.au/publications/press/stress_for_reef.html

Essentially we are claiming that the 2002 bleaching event is the worst on
record with just under 60% of the GBR reef area with visible bleaching. This
compares with around 44% in 1998. However, total reef area in the higher
bleaching categories is essentially similar between 98 and 2002. We don't
have a good handle on mortality levels yet. Reefs are still recovering and
some still dying. As with 98, we expect most reefs will recover, however a
small number of reefs (particularly inshore reefs) are showing signs of
widespread mortality. The worst affected reefs are in the central GBR near
the town of Bowen where 80-90% of Acropora dominated communities on a number
of reefs are dead. In-water surveys are continuing over the coming months.
More information on the GBR bleaching event can be found at:
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/bleaching/

I haven't heard reports of bleaching elsewhere in the southern hemisphere
this summer. I take that as good news. Lets hope the northern hemisphere
reefs are spared too this coming summer!

Ray Berkelmans

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the
menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Please put your thinking caps on
Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 07:59:39 -0400
From: Phil Dustan <dustanp@cofc.edu>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Coral Listers,

I just wanted to call everyone's attention to the upcoming World Summit on
Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg South Africa, August
26-Sept 4. The Chairman's text for Negotiation (which is the basis for
further negotiations at a ministerial level preparatory meeting in Bali next
week) (www.johannesburgsummit.org/index.html) contains an outline of issues
that will be raised at the summit. The text references sustainable
development in the seas but refers to coral reefs in only two places!
It seems to me that reefs deserve more attention in the grand scheme of
things at a world summit focusing on sustainability. The upcoming meetings
in Mexico and Jakarta present opportunities to become more involved with
ICRI and ICRAN to work towards getting reefs a bit more presence at WSSD.
The science community has an opportunity and an obligation to join in the
process and begin to speak with a louder voice on the relationship of
environmental sustainability with coral reef health and the vitality of
seas.
Many of us have witnessed firsthand the destruction of reefs around the
world. We know their importance to the ecological sustainability of the
oceans. And many of us have ideas about how to contribute towards their
conservation.
I'd like to urge the scientific community to put some thought into this and
offer suggestions for the WSSD Agenda that can be discussed at the upcoming
ICRI Regional Workshops in Jakarta and Cancun. We might not be able to
actually go to the meetings but I think we could use the coral-list as a
forum for offering suggestions and making our collective voices heard.
Further details about the Cancun meeting will be posted on the ICRI,
UNEP-CAR/RCU and CONANP websites at www.icriforum.org, www.cep.unep.org and
www.conanp.gob.mx.

PLEASE NOTE NEW EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Phillip Dustan
Department of Biology
College of Charleston
Charleston SC 29424
dustanp@cofc.edu
www.cofc.edu/~coral/corallab.htm
(843) 953-8086
(843)953-5453 Fax ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to
coral-list or the digests, please visit http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on
Popular on the menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Plague update from St. John, USVI
Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 16:41:30 -0400
From: Jeff Miller <jeffmiller@islands.vi>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-listers,

We were very interested to read Dr. Edwin Hernandezs report of the increase
in frequency of white plague around Culebra, Puerto Rico, recently posted to
the coral list.  This is just a quick note to describe what we've been
seeing with our monthly monitoring of plague on a reef here in St. John, US
Virgin Islands that differs somewhat from the observations in Culebra.

Plague has been present every month since we began monitoring Tektite Reef
in December 1997, and this months monitoring showed less disease than
previous months.  (The study site, Tektite Reef, has >50% percent cover by
scleractinian corals with 90% of hard corals being composed of Montastraea
annularis.)  Plague occurs most commonly on Montastraea annularis, but
during our May 2002 monitoring we saw it on Agaricia agaricites, Porites
porites, Colpophyllia natans. Over the course of our entire study it has
affected 15 different species.

The May 24, 2002 sampling was our 48th month, and the number of "spots" or
areas of plague on colonies was below average, ranking #21 among all months
sampled.  For this year, February had fewer disease occurrences and March
and April had more than this month.

With respect to the total area of all spots covered by disease (we measure
the longest length, and perpendicular axis), again, May was below average
(ranking 19th among all months sampled) and for 2002, there was more area
covered by plague in February and March.

Over the study period, weve seen no correlation of disease with water
temperature or time of year.  And although we cant predict disease trends,
this monthly monitoring shows plague is a chronic problem, and continues to
kill coral throughout the year.

Those interested in more information can contact me directly at
William_J_Miller@nps.gov or jeffmiller@islands.vi.

All the best,
Jeff

++++++++
Jeff Miller, Fisheries Biologist
National Park Service
Virgin Islands National Park
1300 Cruz Bay Creek
St. John, VI  00830

PH: 340-693-8950 ext: 227
FX: 340-693-9500



Subject: RE: Please put your thinking caps on
Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 18:55:24 -0700
From: "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>
To: "Phil Dustan" <dustanp@cofc.edu>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Reef Check/GCRMN is an official delegate to the World Summit in
Johannesburg. Many other organizations with an interest in coral reef
conservation will be there such as WWF and IUCN. We will have a booth and
will be holding a press conference there and we would be happy to do our
best to raise the issue of reef conservation. Pls let us know how we can be
of service in this respect.

Regards,
Gregor

Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Professor (Visiting); Director, Reef Check
Institute of Environment
1362 Hershey Hall Box 951496
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496
Tel: 310-794-4985 Fax:310-825-0758
Website: www.ReefCheck.org

     -----Original Message-----
     From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
     [mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Phil Dustan
     Sent: Friday, May 24, 2002 5:00 AM
     To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
     Subject: Please put your thinking caps on

     Hi Coral Listers,

     I just wanted to call everyone's attention to the upcoming World
     Summit on Sustainable Development to be held in Johannesburg South
     Africa, August 26-Sept 4. The Chairman's text for Negotiation
     (which is the basis for further negotiations at a ministerial
     level preparatory meeting in Bali next week)
     (www.johannesburgsummit.org/index.html) contains an outline of
     issues that will be raised at the summit. The text references
     sustainable development in the seas but refers to coral reefs in
     only two places!
     It seems to me that reefs deserve more attention in the grand
     scheme of things at a world summit focusing on sustainability. The
     upcoming meetings in Mexico and Jakarta present opportunities to
     become more involved with ICRI and ICRAN to work towards getting
     reefs a bit more presence at WSSD.
     The science community has an opportunity and an obligation to join
     in the process and begin to speak with a louder voice on the
     relationship of environmental sustainability with coral reef
     health and the vitality of seas.
     Many of us have witnessed firsthand the destruction of reefs
     around the world. We know their importance to the ecological
     sustainability of the oceans. And many of us have ideas about how
     to contribute towards their conservation.
     I'd like to urge the scientific community to put some thought into
     this and offer suggestions for the WSSD Agenda that can be
     discussed at the upcoming ICRI Regional Workshops in Jakarta and
     Cancun. We might not be able to actually go to the meetings but I
     think we could use the coral-list as a forum for offering
     suggestions and making our collective voices heard.
     Further details about the Cancun meeting will be posted on the
     ICRI, UNEP-CAR/RCU and CONANP websites at www.icriforum.org,
     www.cep.unep.org and www.conanp.gob.mx.

     PLEASE NOTE NEW EMAIL ADDRESS BELOW
     --------------------------------------------------------------------
     Phillip Dustan <?smaller><?/smaller>
     Department of Biology
     College of Charleston
     Charleston SC 29424
     dustanp@cofc.edu
     www.cofc.edu/~coral/corallab.htm
     (843) 953-8086
     (843)953-5453 Fax ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and
     unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please visit
     http://www.coral.noaa.gov, click on Popular on the menu bar, then
     click on Coral-List Listserver.

Subject: Challenging basic assumptions
Date: Sat, 25 May 2002 09:27:29 -0300
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: willison@IS.Dal.Ca, SmithSJ@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca, achapman@IS.Dal.Ca,
     haedrich@morgan.ucs.mun.ca, GregoireF@dfo-mpo.gc.ca, alanw@mun.ca,
     you.doi@eudoramail.com, SharpG@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca, ldruehl@bms.bc.ca,
     HardingG@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca, FISHFOLK@MITVMA.MIT.EDU,
     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, rocks@tru.eastlink.ca,
     ALGAE-L@LISTSERV.HEANET.IE, riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca,
     inova@isn.net, sagarin@stanford.edu, GoughJ@dfo-mpo.gc.ca,
     rhodri@clara.co.uk, Arcologic@aol.com, coastwatch@acadia.net,
     dkpjones@klis.com, manofhood@yahoo.com, FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE,
     karguyle@klis.com, andrew@seashepherd.org, harrisong@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca,
     carscadden@athena.nwafc.nf.ca, sheltonp@dfo-mpo.gc.ca,
     SheehanT@dfo-mpo.gc.ca, pauly@fisheries.com, jbcj@ucsd.edu

Dear Marine Scientists,

For the last several years I have been trying to draw your attention to the
possibility that marine productivity has been substantially lowered as the
result of centuries of fishing removals. The major objections that I have
received from many of you have been these: (1) Primary production rates are
determined by patterns of "physical forcing," (2) No changes have been
recorded in levels of dissolved nutrients in the ocean, and (3) Nutrient
overload is actually at the root of many problems in coastal waters.

What needs to be clarified, I believe, are these points:
(1) That "physical forcing" is not the only determinant of productivity in
temperate zones. In your analysis of nitrogen flux patterns you did not
include biological processes that counteract sinking, one of the largest
being the production by benthic organisms of floating spawn. "Tight
biological cycling" of nutrients in temperate coastal systems therefore
also occurs.
(2) Changes in the productivity rate of the ocean will not predictably be
reflected by declining levels of dissolved nutrients in seawater, because
the system has a strong natural tendency to stabilize these.
(3) The methods of diagnosing "eutrophication" need to be objectively
reviewed. You are finding too many "false positives" by relying on tests
with very low specificity.

I hope that my review of these topics may be helpful to you:
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/Lifeblood.html

Sincerely,
Debbie MacKenzie

INTRODUCTION/ABSTRACT

Several years of research have been spent exploring the hypothesis that
generalized starvation is at the root of todays failing marine life, and
that total marine production has been steadily lowered, both developments
representing an unintended, and unrecognized, consequence of fishing. Prior
scientific investigation into this hypothesis appears to be lacking.
Mainstream scientific thinking on the hypothesis, however, has been to
firmly resist the idea because of the belief that marine production is
directly linked to, and determined by, patterns of "physical forcing."
(Berger et al, 1989, Carpenter and Capone, 1983, Parsons et al, 1984)

The physical forcing of dissolved nutrients from deeper waters to the
sunlit zone occurs as the result of seasonal weather patterns which are
essentially a constant. It was necessary therefore to demonstrate the point
of disconnection between physical forcing patterns and patterns of marine
primary productivity. This is best demonstrated by describing a nutrient
flux pattern that has not been accounted for, as such, in the literature.
Biological forcing of primary production is achieved in continental shelf
systems where assemblages of benthic invertebrates and fish release
prodigious numbers of floating pelagic spawn. Traditionally viewed only as
a "reproductive strategy" (Kasyanov, 2001, Steidinger and Walker, 1984),
this spawning behavior also represents an important, biologically forced,
nutrient flux that has not been quantified or considered in the standard
ecosystem models. Just as nitrates forced to the surface by weather
patterns will stimulate primary production, so will the physical raising of
eggs and larvae. The quality of the effect on phytoplankton productivity is
the same.

If biological forcing has therefore played an important role in all ocean
systems (and not only the tropical ones, where the idea was recognized
decades ago), then significant biomass removal by fishing has potentially
lowered system productivity. This potential, for net system productivity to
have been lowered as a consequence of fishing, has not been clearly
recognized in recent literature that has sought to discover the extent of
the ecosystem effects of fisheries. (Jackson et al, 2001, Kaiser and
deGroot, 2000, Goni, 2000)

A model of an individual starving marine population (Powell et al., 1995)
was used to predict which symptoms might emerge on a more general scale if
starvation, or bottom-up control, were increasingly exerted on the ocean
itself. The model revealed the likelihood of only a single early warning
signal, loss of the older members of the affected population, which could
easily be misinterpreted as a sign of overfishing. Differential diagnosis
at a systemic level relies on finding the signal in unfished, as well as
fished, populations.

In an attempt to find meaningful patterns in the larger picture of broad
changing trends in marine life today (the "down the web" shift, the failure
of Atlantic groundfish stocks to recover under moratorium, the widespread
decline in the age and size at maturity of fish, the increasing incidence
of harmful algae blooms, changes in seaweeds and intertidal invertebrates,
the starvation of marine mammals, etc), I have drawn parallels between
what appear to be physiological homeostatic mechanisms at work in the
overall ocean system and similar biological processes that are known to act
to maintain a smaller living system - the human body. It was important to
demonstrate that long-term consistency in measurements of seawater nitrogen
(usually nitrate) concentration is unrelated to long-term changes that may
have occurred in rates of primary production.

With a background in an older biological scientific discipline, the study
of human medicine, I have taken the approach of using a medical diagnostic
model to assess both the state of the oceans health today and also the
value of the currently favored diagnostic tests used by marine scientists.
Many assessment tests used today, especially those for "eutrophication,"
are unacceptably prone to giving false positive results.

Signs of extreme stress due to nutrient loss emerge when the overall marine
ecosystem is assessed in this manner. And acute, and possibly abrupt,
downward shifts appear imminent as the biological system enters
"decompensation."

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject:
Date: Sat, 25 May 2002 10:13:01 -0400
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmaster.ca>
To: "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>, "Phil Dustan"@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

<dustanp@cofc.edu>,
   <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Please put your thinking caps on
Date: Fri, 24 May 2002 10:11:11 -0400
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Gregor:

I wish you the best of luck. I would not go to a World Summit at =
gunpoint.

My experience with these "high-level" meetings is that they are =
dominated by politicians (of all stripes and types) who are not the =
slightest bit interested in listening to others, but extremely =
interested in pushing their own agendas. I have avoided such meetings =
assiduously for the last few decades, and am much the happier for it.

We should all realise that a widespread view in lesser-developed nations
=
holds that interest in reefs is driven by First World academics who like
=
working in nice places. (This is not a view with which we could all =
disagree with clear consciences...) The pernicious "Wise Use" mindset is
=
now fairly common, in which reefs are viewed as resources, to be =
utilised sustainably. No one in positions of power understands that =
sustainable development is an oxymoron. So, we need to find the handles.

In our narrow focus on our ecosystem, we sometimes lose sight of the =
fact that the overarching concern of the next 50 years will be access to
=
good water. Everything else will pale by comparison. Countries are also
=
beginning to adopt integrated water resource management plans, some of =
them organised by advanced decision-support systems. Coastal zone =
management is a subset of these plans, and reefs come under that rubric.
=
"We need to understand that coral reef management begins at the top of =
the mountain, and flows down to the sea through the villages and =
churches and mosques." (Sound track, "People of the Reefs.")

If we push our ecosystem, we are no better than all the other special =
pleaders. My suggestion is, we push for water resource programs, because
=
it's a Good Thing. And then we ensure that reefs are under those =
umbrellas.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: World Summit Thoughts
Date: Sat, 25 May 02 13:44:03 -0400
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmaster.ca>, "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>,
     <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Greg and Phil,

Regarding Mike Risk's thoughts.
>
>"We need to understand that coral reef management begins at the top of
>the mountain, and flows down to the sea through the villages and
>churches and mosques." (Sound track, "People of the Reefs.")
>
>If we push our ecosystem, we are no better than all the other special
>pleaders. My suggestion is, we push for water resource programs, because
>it's a Good Thing. And then we ensure that reefs are under those
>umbrellas.

1. I would even expand the umbrella further to say that "coral reef
management begins in the atmosphere and flows down from there".  We have
little understanding of the synergistic forces exerted on coral reefs
from pollutants/stressors entering via the atmosphere.
Just a few quick familiar examples:

-  African dust: herbicides, pesticides, bacteria, viruses, fungi,
nutrients, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, carcinogens (dioxin and radioactive
isotopes), and heavy metals.

-  Advective and atmospheric depositions (i.e., CO2, nutrients): could be
greater than land-based anthropogenic loadings.

-  Global climate change factors: increased temperature and UV light.

2. In addition to the watershed concerns that Mike summarized, we should
not forget the overfishing factor - which is also a global problem.

Bottom line:

Coral reefs are a sensitive system at the end of the human pollution
pipeline.

As such, they assess synergistic and addditive relationships among
pollutants and serve as an important life support alarm system for the
human species.

The alarm has started to ring - louder in some places than others.

Our understanding of how much more we can degrade our environment is
feeble.

Precautionary environmental policies need to be implemented on global,
regional and local scales.

************

I hope some of this is useful!  Best of luck and keep us posted!

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com

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Subject: mollusc production rates
Date: Sun, 26 May 2002 11:34:48 +1000
From: Deirdre Hart <hartd@ge.adfa.edu.au>
Organization: adfa.edu.au
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral Listers,

I am trying to estimate the gross carbonate produced on a reef flat in
Torres Strait using a modified census based method (growth x density x
cover) but cannot find any satisfactory estimates of production rates by
living assemblages of molluscs.

I have examined several carbonate budgets and literature on carbonate
production by corals, coralline algae, Halimeda and Foraminifera including
studies by Odum and Odum 1955, Goreau and Goreau  1959, Goreau 1963, Chave
et al. 1972, Adey and Vassar 1975, Buddemeier and Kinzie 1976, Stearn et
al. 1977, Highsmith 1979, Scoffin et al. 1980, Drew 1983, Hubbard and
Scaturo 1985, Kinsey 1985, Hughes and Jackson 1985, Mutler 1988, Payri
1988, Matsuda 1989, Hubbard et al. 1990, Eakin 1992, Langer et al. 1997 and
Vecsei 2001 (complete references not provided to save space but I'm happy
to supply via email).

In many reef budgets the carbonate production by molluscs seems either to
have been regarded as minimal and, thus, omitable, or it has been estimated
from the contribution of their skeletons to sediment deposits.  I have not
been able to find any estimates for the carbonate or shell production rates
of molluscs calculated from observations of living assemblages.  If anybody
could suggest references in which I might find such estimates, or point me
in the right direction, I would be very grateful.

Yours Sincerely,
Deirdre Hart.
d.hart@adfa.edu.au

School of Geography and Oceanography
University of New South Wales
Australian Defence Force Academy
ACT 2600, Australia.
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Subject: ISRS 2002 bioerosion
Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 16:48:24 +0200
From: marcos <science@gektidis.de>
Reply-To: mail@gektidis.de
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Skolithos <SKOLITHOS@LISTSERV.REDIRIS.ES>

Dear all.

This message concerns the ISRS Meeting to be held in Cambridge, UK from
the 4 - 7 September 2002.
All colleagues that work in the field of bioerosion and have new data to
present to the scientific community are invited to contribute. We can
include three more talks and many many more posters.

This session will be organized partly as a workshop. We encourage the
presentation of specimens (microscopes are available) and hope to have a
lively discussion on all issues of bioerosion in past and present. The
presentation of traces is as welcome as the demonstration of recent
material (recent traces: see lively discussion).

If you are planning to participate, please note that the deadline for
submitting an abstract is 1 JUNE 2002. If you feel that you want to
participate but cannot meet the deadline for any reasons, please contact
me.

Cheers, Marcos

Dr. Marcos Gektidis
mailto: science@gektidis.de
GPI
Senckenberganlage 32-34
60054 Frankfurt am Main
Germany

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Subject: any other signs of bleaching in the Caribbean?
Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 11:03:03 -0400
From: Carolina Bastidas <cbastidas@usb.ve>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral-listers,

Within the last two weeks we observed one third of the coral colonies pale
and bleached at the venezuelan CARICOMP site of Parque Nacional Morrocoy.
Affected colonies included species of Montrastea, Colpophyllia and Porites
- the dominant genera in the area - between 4 and 12 meters depth.

We were wondering if those observations could correspond to early signs of
a widespread bleaching in the Caribbean or some localized phenomena. Any
other observation?

Thanks,

****************************************************
Carolina Bastidas
Depto. de Biologa de Organismos
Universidad Simn Bolvar
Apdo. 89000 Caracas 1080
Venezuela

Fax:    58-212-9063046
Tel:    58-212-9063415
cbastidas@usb.ve

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Subject: Challenging basic assumptions
Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 17:03:38 -0300
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral list,

A couple of days ago I tried to post this message to your list, along with
other marine science contacts that I have...but it seems to have come back
to me today as "undeliverable." So I'll try this again. I think you might
find parts of this to be interesting, especially the thoughts on which
signals are most useful in diagnosing "eutrophication" of coastal waters,
and in differentiating that problem from the potential (opposite) problem
of nutrient depletion of those areas.  cheers, Debbie MacKenzie

Dear Marine Scientists,

For the last several years I have been trying to draw your attention to the
possibility that marine productivity has been substantially lowered as the
result of centuries of fishing removals. The major objections that I have
received from many of you have been these: (1) Primary production rates are
determined by patterns of "physical forcing," (2) No changes have been
recorded in levels of dissolved nutrients in the ocean, and (3) Nutrient
overload is actually at the root of many problems in coastal waters.

What needs to be clarified, I believe, are these points:
(1) That "physical forcing" is not the only determinant of productivity in
temperate zones. In your analysis of nitrogen flux patterns you did not
include biological processes that counteract sinking, one of the largest
being the production by benthic organisms of floating spawn. "Tight
biological cycling" of nutrients in temperate coastal systems therefore
also occurs.
(2) Changes in the productivity rate of the ocean will not predictably be
reflected by declining levels of dissolved nutrients in seawater, because
the system has a strong natural tendency to stabilize these.
(3) The methods of diagnosing "eutrophication" need to be objectively
reviewed. You are finding too many "false positives" by relying on tests
with very low specificity.

I hope that my review of these topics may be helpful to you:
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/Lifeblood.html

Sincerely,
Debbie MacKenzie

INTRODUCTION/ABSTRACT

Several years of research have been spent exploring the hypothesis that
generalized starvation is at the root of todays failing marine life, and
that total marine production has been steadily lowered, both developments
representing an unintended, and unrecognized, consequence of fishing. Prior
scientific investigation into this hypothesis appears to be lacking.
Mainstream scientific thinking on the hypothesis, however, has been to
firmly resist the idea because of the belief that marine production is
directly linked to, and determined by, patterns of "physical forcing."
(Berger et al, 1989, Carpenter and Capone, 1983, Parsons et al, 1984)

The physical forcing of dissolved nutrients from deeper waters to the
sunlit zone occurs as the result of seasonal weather patterns which are
essentially a constant. It was necessary therefore to demonstrate the point
of disconnection between physical forcing patterns and patterns of marine
primary productivity. This is best demonstrated by describing a nutrient
flux pattern that has not been accounted for, as such, in the literature.
Biological forcing of primary production is achieved in continental shelf
systems where assemblages of benthic invertebrates and fish release
prodigious numbers of floating pelagic spawn. Traditionally viewed only as
a "reproductive strategy" (Kasyanov, 2001, Steidinger and Walker, 1984),
this spawning behavior also represents an important, biologically forced,
nutrient flux that has not been quantified or considered in the standard
ecosystem models. Just as nitrates forced to the surface by weather
patterns will stimulate primary production, so will the physical raising of
eggs and larvae. The quality of the effect on phytoplankton productivity is
the same.

If biological forcing has therefore played an important role in all ocean
systems (and not only the tropical ones, where the idea was recognized
decades ago), then significant biomass removal by fishing has potentially
lowered system productivity. This potential, for net system productivity to
have been lowered as a consequence of fishing, has not been clearly
recognized in recent literature that has sought to discover the extent of
the ecosystem effects of fisheries. (Jackson et al, 2001, Kaiser and
deGroot, 2000, Goni, 2000)

A model of an individual starving marine population (Powell et al., 1995)
was used to predict which symptoms might emerge on a more general scale if
starvation, or bottom-up control, were increasingly exerted on the ocean
itself. The model revealed the likelihood of only a single early warning
signal, loss of the older members of the affected population, which could
easily be misinterpreted as a sign of overfishing. Differential diagnosis
at a systemic level relies on finding the signal in unfished, as well as
fished, populations.

In an attempt to find meaningful patterns in the larger picture of broad
changing trends in marine life today (the "down the web" shift, the failure
of Atlantic groundfish stocks to recover under moratorium, the widespread
decline in the age and size at maturity of fish, the increasing incidence
of harmful algae blooms, changes in seaweeds and intertidal invertebrates,
the starvation of marine mammals, etc), I have drawn parallels between
what appear to be physiological homeostatic mechanisms at work in the
overall ocean system and similar biological processes that are known to act
to maintain a smaller living system - the human body. It was important to
demonstrate that long-term consistency in measurements of seawater nitrogen
(usually nitrate) concentration is unrelated to long-term changes that may
have occurred in rates of primary production.

With a background in an older biological scientific discipline, the study
of human medicine, I have taken the approach of using a medical diagnostic
model to assess both the state of the oceans health today and also the
value of the currently favored diagnostic tests used by marine scientists.
Many assessment tests used today, especially those for "eutrophication,"
are unacceptably prone to giving false positive results.

Signs of extreme stress due to nutrient loss emerge when the overall marine
ecosystem is assessed in this manner. And acute, and possibly abrupt,
downward shifts appear imminent as the biological system enters
"decompensation."

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Coral Bleaching in Tuvalu and Fiji
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 09:06:29 +1200
From: sauni_s@usp.ac.fj
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Ray Berkelmans <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>

Dear Ray,

I wish to add other details to your information re bleaching in the
southern hermisphere. I report here coral bleaching in Tuvalu
during our two weeks surveys.

>From May 2-16, 2000, Ron Vave and I surveyed 6 sites within the
Funafuti lagoon (capital of Tuvalu), with each site consisting of 3
habitats (reef crest/top, slope and lagoon floor).  We are still
computerizing our field data.  The surveys was part of the GCRMN
project under the SW pacific node which is coordinated from the
Institute of Marine Resources, University of the South Pacific.

For the two sites we have analyzed so far, we recorded an average
% bleached for the most dominant coral family, Acroporidae
(Acropora muricata, A. robusta etc), to be 70%.  Bleaching is
equally distributed in branching and tabulate acroporas. A little less
than 20% average cover was recorded for Pocilloporidae (e.g.
Styllophora sp.), while Agariciidae, Faviidae and Mussidae < 10%.
Bleaching was particularly dominant over the reef crest and slope
habitats though, average 50% bleaching was recorded in low
coverage of acropora colonies at the lagoon floor.

We recorded 30.5 deg. C average for water temperature with the
highest being 32 deg. C.  We suspect bleaching to have been
started end of March and April.

Ron and I are will write the findings up for Tuvalu's report as part of
its submission to the secretariat of the SW pacific node of GCRMN
project.

In addition, bleaching for 2000-01 in five sites, NE Viti Levu, Fiji
were closely monitored and surveyed six times at 3-4 months
interval since bleaching commenced April-May 2000.  Coral and
fish data generated from these surveys were part of my PhD
research. I am currently writing them up as well.

Cheers

Samasoni SauniProject Coordinator
Post Harvest & Fisheries Development Project
Marine Studies Program
The University of the South Pacific
PO Box 1168, Suva, Fiji Islands
Tel: 679 212879, 212051
Fax: 679 301490
email: sauni_s@usp.ac.fj

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Subject: Coral Bleaching Records
Date: Mon, 27 May 2002 19:38:47 -0700
From: Jamie Oliver <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers

Following Ray's posting about the latest bleaching results for the Great
Barrier Reef, and the resulting follow-up reports from other areas, I would
like to announce that  ReefBase has an online reporting facility for
bleaching records which is directly linked to our ReefBase bleaching tables
and our online GIS  (www.reefbase.org/input/bleachingreport/index.asp). This
online report can be found in the "User Input" area of ReefBase and is a
joint effort with Al Strong's group at NOAA.  It builds on, and now replaces
the online reporting facility on the NOAA site (the NOAA reporting form page
now points to the ReefBase site). While the report form allows you to enter
a great deal of information, you can enter just the key data (highlighted in
red) on date, site, severity etc on the first page and then immediately
submit. This takes less that a minute, although we would be delighted if you
can take more time and fill out the other fields if you can.  Once the
report has been submitted we will do a quick quality check on the report to
ensure it does not have any errors or critical omissions and then put it
onto the database so you will be able to see the record as a new symbol on
the ReefBase GIS.

ReefBase now has the most complete database of coral bleaching available,
incorporating the original bleaching database developed at UNEP-WCMC and
recently updated with published records from the literature, from the
Coral-List and from other major data sources such as the AIMS and the Great
Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. However I am sure that there are other
records which we do not yet have (either current or in the past), so please
help us keep this database as current and comprehensive as possible buy
submitting your reports to us. If you are unable to use the online report
because of limited internet access we would be happy to mail you a copy of
the form that you can fill out and return to us.

We are currently working on a query facility that will allow you to get all
bleaching records for a particular year or location. The results will be
displayed in report form, or can be downloaded as data tables in excel or
delimited text format.  In the mean time if you need to access the bleaching
data send me an email and  we would be happy to send you a copy of the data
table.

Please note that the Bleaching Report described here is different from the
Bleaching Questionnaire, which was announced by Terry Done a few weeks ago.
The Questionnaire is also available on ReefBase, and seeks information on
what physical & geographic factors which may protect corals from bleaching,
and might thus be important considerations in the design of Marine Protected
Areas. I would also encourage you to fill out this questionnaire if you have
information on where bleaching has and has not occurred in the past.

Best Regards

Jamie Oliver

====================================================
                 ReefBase www.reefbase.org

ReefBase is developed by ICLARM - The World Fish Center.
It is a product of the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN).
It is supported by the United Nations Foundation (UNF)
and the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida)
====================================================

===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
ICLARM - The World Fish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670

Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530

email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org

visit ReefBase on:  www.reefbase.org
===============================

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Subject: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 10:48:28 +0100
From: Rupert Ormond <rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral Listers

I would be grateful if any of the coral physiologists involved in bleaching
work could offer any details on a question that's been put to me a couple
of times.

The colourful pigments (blues, pinks etc.) that are charateristic of many
shallow water corals (Acropora etc.) are, as I understand it, located in
the coral tissue itself.  Whereas the pigments present in the zooxanthellae
are more or less brown in colour.  If coral bleaching (due to elevated
SSTs) is principally the result of expulsion or loss of zooxanthellae, then
why do the corals go completely white.  i.e. what happens to the more
colourful coral pigments? Are they damaged as well but independently by
temperature induced failure of protective systems?

sincerely,

Rupert Ormond

Dr. Rupert Ormond
Director,
University Marine Biological Station Millport,
Isle of Cumbrae,
SCOTLAND
UK  KA28 0EG

email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
tel: (44)-01475-530581
fax: (44)-01475-530601
web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/

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Subject: Re: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 10:44:34 -0400
From: "Mike Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Good question! I myself saw a case when the animal was bleached, but
retained red fluorescent coloration. This was not on the reef, though - this
was a specimen of corallimorph shipped over from Vietnam, on aquarium
business. The bleaching was apparently a consequence of some stress
conditions during shipping. By the way, that guy recovered nicely after
that - regained brown coloration in a week or so in aquarium. It is from
this specimen we cloned the first red-emitting GFP-like protein. The funny
thing is - if the specimen was not bleached upon arrival, we would probably
overlook the red fluorescence of the host tissue, it becomes really
inconspicious as soon as the brown color is back.

The fact that corals go completely white upon bleaching on reefs, with no
host-tissue colors remaining, might be a consequence of much worse stress
than my aquarium corallimorph suffered. But still, this completeness of
bleaching does seem weird to me. The dissapearance of host pigments might be
linked to zooxanthellae loss, but just as well, it might not. I am not aware
of any reports that would address this.

Please share your opinions.

Mike

-----
Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.

Whitney Laboratory
University of Florida
9505 Ocean Shore blvd
St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
phone +1 904 461 4025
fax +1 904 461 4008

----- Original Message -----
From: "Rupert Ormond" <rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2002 5:48 AM
Subject: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?

> Dear Coral Listers
>
> I would be grateful if any of the coral physiologists involved in
bleaching
> work could offer any details on a question that's been put to me a couple
> of times.
>
> The colourful pigments (blues, pinks etc.) that are charateristic of many
> shallow water corals (Acropora etc.) are, as I understand it, located in
> the coral tissue itself.  Whereas the pigments present in the
zooxanthellae
> are more or less brown in colour.  If coral bleaching (due to elevated
> SSTs) is principally the result of expulsion or loss of zooxanthellae,
then
> why do the corals go completely white.  i.e. what happens to the more
> colourful coral pigments? Are they damaged as well but independently by
> temperature induced failure of protective systems?
>
> sincerely,
>
> Rupert Ormond
>
>
>
>
> Dr. Rupert Ormond
> Director,
> University Marine Biological Station Millport,
> Isle of Cumbrae,
> SCOTLAND
> UK  KA28 0EG
>
> email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
> tel: (44)-01475-530581
> fax: (44)-01475-530601
> web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/
>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 16:56:02 +0100
From: Simon Dunn <sidunn@liverpool.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk

Just as another comment to this is that the level of tissue degradation
resulting in bleaching may account for the level of MAA's / GFP's
remaining
and hence host pigmentation. Localization of GFP's can be concentrated
within the endoderm such as with Goniopora sp. so with the degradation
of
the endoderm and release of zooxanthellae during environmental stress
there
may be little or no MAA's / GFP's remaining resulting in a more
'whitened'
appearance. However some species have MAA's / GFP's concentrated within
the
ectoderm such as Discosoma sp., hence when bleaching occurs they may
retain
the MAA / GFP pigmentation after the zooxanthellae density is reduced.
Obviously different levels of stress, whether solar or thermal may
result
in different proportions of zoox and MAA's/GFPs and also host
pigmentation
may not be purely associated with GFPs. If anyone has any information
regarding non-GFP host pigmentation I would also be very interested.

At 16:48 28/05/02 +0100, you wrote:
>>===== Original Message From "Mike Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu> =====
>Good question! I myself saw a case when the animal was bleached, but
>retained red fluorescent coloration. This was not on the reef, though -
this
>was a specimen of corallimorph shipped over from Vietnam, on aquarium
>business. The bleaching was apparently a consequence of some stress
>conditions during shipping. By the way, that guy recovered nicely after
>that - regained brown coloration in a week or so in aquarium. It is from
>this specimen we cloned the first red-emitting GFP-like protein. The funny
>thing is - if the specimen was not bleached upon arrival, we would probably
>overlook the red fluorescence of the host tissue, it becomes really
>inconspicious as soon as the brown color is back.
>
>The fact that corals go completely white upon bleaching on reefs, with no
>host-tissue colors remaining, might be a consequence of much worse stress
>than my aquarium corallimorph suffered. But still, this completeness of
>bleaching does seem weird to me. The dissapearance of host pigments might
be
>linked to zooxanthellae loss, but just as well, it might not. I am not
aware
>of any reports that would address this.
>
>Please share your opinions.
>
>Mike
>
>-----
>Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.
>
>Whitney Laboratory
>University of Florida
>9505 Ocean Shore blvd
>St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
>phone +1 904 461 4025
>fax +1 904 461 4008
>
>
>
>----- Original Message -----
>From: "Rupert Ormond" <rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk>
>To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2002 5:48 AM
>Subject: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
>
>
>> Dear Coral Listers
>>
>> I would be grateful if any of the coral physiologists involved in
>bleaching
>> work could offer any details on a question that's been put to me a couple
>> of times.
>>
>> The colourful pigments (blues, pinks etc.) that are charateristic of many
>> shallow water corals (Acropora etc.) are, as I understand it, located in
>> the coral tissue itself.  Whereas the pigments present in the
>zooxanthellae
>> are more or less brown in colour.  If coral bleaching (due to elevated
>> SSTs) is principally the result of expulsion or loss of zooxanthellae,
>then
>> why do the corals go completely white.  i.e. what happens to the more
>> colourful coral pigments? Are they damaged as well but independently by
>> temperature induced failure of protective systems?
>>
>> sincerely,
>>
>> Rupert Ormond
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Dr. Rupert Ormond
>> Director,
>> University Marine Biological Station Millport,
>> Isle of Cumbrae,
>> SCOTLAND
>> UK  KA28 0EG
>>
>> email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
>> tel: (44)-01475-530581
>> fax: (44)-01475-530601
>> web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/
>>
>>
>>
>> ~~~~~~~
>> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>>
>
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
Simon R Dunn
School of Biological Sciences
University of Liverpool
Life Sciences Building
Crown Street            Tel: 0151 794-4373
Liverpool               Fax: 0151 794-4393
L69 7ZB                 Email: sidunn@liv.ac.uk
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Subject: Re: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 12:12:43 -0400
From: "Robert W. Carter" <rcarter@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Rupert,

I have been studying coral pigmentation (fluorescent proteins) for several
years. During this time, I have been able to witness changes in
pigmentation of Caribbean corals due to both natural and laboratory
bleaching. I do not know much about the (apparently) non-fluorescent
pigments found in many Indo-Pacific Acroporid corals (the blues and pinks
you mention), but here are a few things I have learned about the closely
related fluorescent proteins (this will be from a Caribbean perspective):

1. Corals do not necessarily go completely white during bleaching.

I have seen individuals of Montastraea cavernosa displaying a bright
pinkish-red fluorescence after bleaching. Mikhail Matz' recent post said
something similar but for a completely different group. On more than one
occasion and in more then one location, I have seen bleached Montastraea
faveolata colonies with their nearly clear tissues exhibiting a bright
green fluorescence. These colonies survived the bleaching episode.

2. Even if one can not detect fluorescence by eye in daylight, it may still
be possible to see it under the right optical conditions.

"Non-fluorescent" corals are often fluorecent under UV or blue excitation,
especially when viewed under a fluorescence dissecting microscope.
Therefore to say that an animal is "white" may not be accurate, although
there may be obvious changes in color or intensity.

3. Individual corals MAY retain coloration for some time after bleaching.

I have observed laboratory specimens bleach and recover after several weeks
but never completely lose their green color.

To directly address your question:

The zooxanthellae are expelled first. The animal-derived fluorescent
proteins seem to degrade over time. Sometimes quickly, but not always. The
rate of loss may be dependent upon the degree of stress. Is this an
adaptation whereby the coral is adjusting its coloration to enhance what
little photosynthesis it can muster or is it a stress response where the
coral is metabolising a vital store of protein? I don't know but I suspect
the latter.

Rob Carter
University of Miami

At 10:48 AM 5/28/2002 +0100, you wrote:
>Dear Coral Listers
>
>I would be grateful if any of the coral physiologists involved in bleaching
>work could offer any details on a question that's been put to me a couple
>of times.
>
>The colourful pigments (blues, pinks etc.) that are charateristic of many
>shallow water corals (Acropora etc.) are, as I understand it, located in
>the coral tissue itself.  Whereas the pigments present in the zooxanthellae
>are more or less brown in colour.  If coral bleaching (due to elevated
>SSTs) is principally the result of expulsion or loss of zooxanthellae, then
>why do the corals go completely white.  i.e. what happens to the more
>colourful coral pigments? Are they damaged as well but independently by
>temperature induced failure of protective systems?
>
>sincerely,
>
>Rupert Ormond
>
>
>
>
>Dr. Rupert Ormond
>Director,
>University Marine Biological Station Millport,
>Isle of Cumbrae,
>SCOTLAND
>UK  KA28 0EG
>
>email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
>tel: (44)-01475-530581
>fax: (44)-01475-530601
>web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/
>
>
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>

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Subject: Re: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 17:48:16 +0100 (GMT)
From: "J.D. Hedley" <J.D.Hedley@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

kind of relevant to this discussion is that, if I remember
correctly, zooxanthella lose pigments during bleaching as well as being
expelled from the coral themselves. I guess the point is that the colour
change that occurs during bleaching is the result of many, possibly
distinct, physiological processes.

John

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Subject: RE: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 13:58:55 -0400
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Just, an interesting topic, but please, someone of you, tell me what means
MAA / GFP. I am absolutely profane in this subject but am very interested in
understanding this phenomenon.  Thanks and excuse me for interfering.

Pedro Alcolado

> Just as another comment to this is that the level of tissue degradation
> resulting in bleaching may account for the level of MAA's / GFP's
> remaining
> and hence host pigmentation. Localization of GFP's can be concentrated
> within the endoderm such as with Goniopora sp. so with the degradation
> of
> the endoderm and release of zooxanthellae during environmental stress
> there
> may be little or no MAA's / GFP's remaining resulting in a more
> 'whitened'
> appearance. However some species have MAA's / GFP's concentrated within
> the
> ectoderm such as Discosoma sp., hence when bleaching occurs they may
> retain
> the MAA / GFP pigmentation after the zooxanthellae density is reduced.
> Obviously different levels of stress, whether solar or thermal may
> result
> in different proportions of zoox and MAA's/GFPs and also host
> pigmentation
> may not be purely associated with GFPs. If anyone has any information
> regarding non-GFP host pigmentation I would also be very interested.
>
>
>
> At 16:48 28/05/02 +0100, you wrote:
> >>===== Original Message From "Mike Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu> =====
> >Good question! I myself saw a case when the animal was bleached, but
> >retained red fluorescent coloration. This was not on the reef, though -
this
> >was a specimen of corallimorph shipped over from Vietnam, on aquarium
> >business. The bleaching was apparently a consequence of some stress
> >conditions during shipping. By the way, that guy recovered nicely after
> >that - regained brown coloration in a week or so in aquarium. It is from
> >this specimen we cloned the first red-emitting GFP-like protein. The
funny
> >thing is - if the specimen was not bleached upon arrival, we would
probably
> >overlook the red fluorescence of the host tissue, it becomes really
> >inconspicious as soon as the brown color is back.
> >
> >The fact that corals go completely white upon bleaching on reefs, with no
> >host-tissue colors remaining, might be a consequence of much worse stress
> >than my aquarium corallimorph suffered. But still, this completeness of
> >bleaching does seem weird to me. The dissapearance of host pigments might
be
> >linked to zooxanthellae loss, but just as well, it might not. I am not
aware
> >of any reports that would address this.
> >
> >Please share your opinions.
> >
> >Mike
> >
> >-----
> >Mikhail V. Matz, Ph.D.
> >
> >Whitney Laboratory
> >University of Florida
> >9505 Ocean Shore blvd
> >St Augustine FL 32080-8610, USA
> >phone +1 904 461 4025
> >fax +1 904 461 4008
> >
> >
> >
> >----- Original Message -----
> >From: "Rupert Ormond" <rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk>
> >To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> >Sent: Tuesday, May 28, 2002 5:48 AM
> >Subject: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
> >
> >
> >> Dear Coral Listers
> >>
> >> I would be grateful if any of the coral physiologists involved in
> >bleaching
> >> work could offer any details on a question that's been put to me a
couple
> >> of times.
> >>
> >> The colourful pigments (blues, pinks etc.) that are charateristic of
many
> >> shallow water corals (Acropora etc.) are, as I understand it, located
in
> >> the coral tissue itself.  Whereas the pigments present in the
> >zooxanthellae
> >> are more or less brown in colour.  If coral bleaching (due to elevated
> >> SSTs) is principally the result of expulsion or loss of zooxanthellae,
> >then
> >> why do the corals go completely white.  i.e. what happens to the more
> >> colourful coral pigments? Are they damaged as well but independently by
> >> temperature induced failure of protective systems?
> >>
> >> sincerely,
> >>
> >> Rupert Ormond
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Dr. Rupert Ormond
> >> Director,
> >> University Marine Biological Station Millport,
> >> Isle of Cumbrae,
> >> SCOTLAND
> >> UK  KA28 0EG
> >>
> >> email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
> >> tel: (44)-01475-530581
> >> fax: (44)-01475-530601
> >> web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> ~~~~~~~
> >> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> >> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
> >>
> >
> >
> >~~~~~~~
> >For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> >digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
> >
> >
> Simon R Dunn
> School of Biological Sciences
> University of Liverpool
> Life Sciences Building
> Crown Street Tel: 0151 794-4373
> Liverpool Fax: 0151 794-4393
> L69 7ZB Email: sidunn@liv.ac.uk
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Coral Bleaching in Tuvalu and Fiji
Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 07:56:20 +1200
From: sauni_s@usp.ac.fj
To: Gang Liu <Gang.Liu@noaa.gov>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Gang,

A typo in my earlier message.  The exact survey date for Tuvalu is
from May 2-16, 2002 this year.

Thanks to Gang of NOAA for picking it up.

Regards

Samasoni Sauni
Project Coordinator
Post Harvest & Fisheries Development Project
Marine Studies Program
The University of the South Pacific
PO Box 1168, Suva, Fiji Islands
Tel: 679 212879, 212051
Fax: 679 301490
email: sauni_s@usp.ac.fj

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Subject: Re: any other signs of bleaching in the Caribbean?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 16:06:46 -0400
From: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: Carolina Bastidas <cbastidas@usb.ve>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello Carolina and others:

Two weeks ago in the Dry Tortugas we observed bleaching of Palythoa (very
white) and moderate bleaching of some Montastraea faveolata type, Porites
(astreoides and porites), Acropora cervicornis, and Agaricia.  Percent of
colonies bleached was still low.  Bleached colonies were observed in both
shallow water (couple of meters deep) as well as down to 20+ meters.

Water temperatures started to warm up very early this spring in Florida (26
oC by late April; usually not until late May or June), and I fear a bad
bleaching year.

Alina Szmant

At 11:03 AM 05/27/2002 -0400, Carolina Bastidas wrote:

> Dear coral-listers,
>
> Within the last two weeks we observed one third of the coral colonies pale
> and bleached at the venezuelan CARICOMP site of Parque Nacional Morrocoy.
> Affected colonies included species of Montrastea, Colpophyllia and Porites
> - the dominant genera in the area - between 4 and 12 meters depth.
>
> We were wondering if those observations could correspond to early signs of
> a widespread bleaching in the Caribbean or some localized phenomena. Any
> other observation?
>
> Thanks,
>
>
> ****************************************************
> Carolina Bastidas
> Depto. de Biologa de Organismos
> Universidad Simn Bolvar
> Apdo. 89000 Caracas 1080
> Venezuela
>
> Fax:    58-212-9063046
> Tel:    58-212-9063415
> cbastidas@usb.ve
>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
*******************************************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
Professor of Biology
Center for Marine Science
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
5600  Marvin K. Moss Lane
Wilmington  NC  28409-5928
tel:  (910)962-2362  fax:  (910)962-2410
email:  szmanta@uncwil.edu
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
******************************************************************

Subject: Graduate students working with Caribbean coral ecosystems
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 14:00:23 -0700
From: Laurie Richardson <richardl@fiu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Graduate Students in Caribbean marine sciences:

The Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean is a network of
marine labs that, together, have a goal of fostering science and
collaboration with regard to Caribbean marine ecosystems.  Every two
years there is a science meeting, which rotates among member labs.  The
next science meeting will be in Trinidad in summer of 2003.

We are interested in expanding the scope of the AMLC to enhance
interaction among graduate students in the Greater Caribbean region.  We
would like to see a network (email based) in which students can compare
notes, foster collaborations, let each other know about the availability
of labs for field work, etc.   Graduate student membership is $5 per
year, which includes two yearly newsletters and the opportunity to
present papers (and attend) the science meetings.

If you are interested in this new venture, please contact graduate
student Josh Voss.  His email address is:

    jvoss001@fiu.edu.

To apply for membership (and learn more about our organization), please
see the AMLC website.  The address is http://amlc.uvi.edu.

Thanks and we look forward to hearing from you.
Laurie Richardson, AMLC Membership Director

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Subject: Re: FW: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 11:49:13 -1000
From: Sara Peck <peck@hawaii.edu>
To: Zsolt Sary <z_sary@yahoo.co.uk>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

I would like to have same if availble. SPeck

At 10:40 PM 3/7/02 +0000, Zsolt Sary wrote:
>I too was under the impression that little direct
>evidence exists to show that fishers can recover in
>increased catches what they give up in reduced fishing
>gounds.  So I would be interested to see what evidence
>Callum presents to confirm those theoretical
>predictions.
>
>Is the article available in PDF format somewhere?
>
>Thanks,
>
>Zsolt Sary
>ARC Environmental Ltd.
>Kamloops, BC
>Canada
>
>  --- "Samantha . Whitcraft"
><SWhitcraft@kirc.state.hi.us> wrote: > FYI...original
>reply sent directly to Don Baker's
> > inquiry...
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Samantha . Whitcraft
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 06, 2002 12:56 PM
> > To: 'pacaqts'
> > Subject: RE: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
> >
> >
> > See Roberts, Callum M. et al. "Effects of  Marine
> > Reserves on Adjacent
> > Fisheries" in Science Volume 294 November 2001
> >
> > An excellent article that "confirms theoretical
> > predictions that marine
> > reserves can play a key role in supporting
> > fisheries." Science p. 1920
> >
> > Hope that helps.
> >
> > Aloha,
> > Sam
> >
> > Ocean Program Manager
> > Kaho'olawe Island Reserve
> > Wailuku HI 96793
> > ph. 808-243-5889
> > fx. 808-243-5885
> > pg. 297-1917
> > www.state.hi.us/kirc
> > ____________________________________________
> > E lawe i ke a'o a malama, a e 'oi mau ka na'auao.
> > (He who takes his
> > teachings and applies them increases his knowledge.)
> >
> >
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: pacaqts [mailto:pacaqts@tm.net.my]
> > Sent: Wednesday, March 06, 2002 11:43 AM
> > To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
> > Subject: MPA Benefits - In Numbers
> >
> >
> > Dear Coral - List Members,
> >
> > Though MPAs have a great many benefits with regards
> > to observations ,
> > statements in a stack of MPA pubs, etc.  - where may
> > I quickly find direct
> > research and studies references that "do the
> > numbers?"  The politicians and
> > Gov. economic advisers simply say to us  'Yeah, well
> > good & fine - talk is
> > talk - but show us the figures - where you can prove
> > to us that fisheries
> > stocks are indeed enhanced by MPAs?"
> >
> > I need case examples with those numbers and not just
> > words, observations,
> > and perhaps institutional / academic 'whitewashing'.
> >   An example of numbers
> > would be a historical record of past catch landings
> > vs those after the MPA
> > establishment - with direct, verifiable correlation
> > to the MPA of course.
> > Anyone comment on Apo?
> >
> > Any assistance would be well appreciated here.
> >
> > Many thanks,
> > Don Baker
> > Lankayan-Billean-Tegaipil MPA
> > Sabah, Malaysia
> >
> >
>
>__________________________________________________
>Do You Yahoo!?
>Everything you'll ever need on one web page
>from News and Sport to Email and Music Charts
>http://uk.my.yahoo.com
>~~~~~~~
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>menu bar, then click on Coral-List Listserver.

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Subject: Re: any other signs of bleaching in the Caribbean?
Date: Tue, 28 May 2002 18:30:06 -0400
From: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
Organization: USF College of Marine Science
To: Carolina Bastidas <cbastidas@usb.ve>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Carolina:

I was at Cayman Brac last week; water temperature was about 28 C instead of
26, which is apparently more typical for this time of year.  I saw bleaching
similar to that Alina Szmant just reported from the Tortugas.  Pale and very
occasionally bleached Agaricia were most common; pale Montastrea spp. were
also observed.  I didn't notice any pale Porites or Acropora cervicornis,
and
didn't see any Palythoa. My dive partner commented on the way home that he
didn't see any. We did 14 dives, 5 to about 30 m; I noticed pale Agaricia on
my first dive at about 28 m.

Please note that these were casual observations; I was not collecting data.

Pamela Hallock
College of Marine Science
University of South Florida

Carolina Bastidas wrote:

> Dear coral-listers,
>
> Within the last two weeks we observed one third of the coral colonies pale
> and bleached at the venezuelan CARICOMP site of Parque Nacional Morrocoy.
> Affected colonies included species of Montrastea, Colpophyllia and Porites
> - the dominant genera in the area - between 4 and 12 meters depth.
>
> We were wondering if those observations could correspond to early signs of
> a widespread bleaching in the Caribbean or some localized phenomena. Any
> other observation?
>
> Thanks,
>
> ****************************************************
> Carolina Bastidas
> Depto. de Biologa de Organismos
> Universidad Simn Bolvar
> Apdo. 89000 Caracas 1080
> Venezuela
>
> Fax:    58-212-9063046
> Tel:    58-212-9063415
> cbastidas@usb.ve
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

~~~~~~~
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Subject:
Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 20:55:56 +1000 (EST)
From: Alison Green <alison@gbrmpa.gov.au>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: <a.green@gbrmpa.gov.au>

Dear Coral Listers
Chuck Birkeland, Dave Fisk and I completed an intensive survey of the reefs
on five islands in American Samoa (Tutuila, Aunu'u, and Manu'a Islands) for
the local Dept of Marine and Wildlife Resources in March. During the survey,
we assessed the level of coral bleaching at each of ~30 sites using a
standardised protocol developed by GBRMPA.  I haven't had a chance to work
up the data yet, but my impression was of low to moderate levels of
bleaching (with the most bleaching recorded on the north shore of Tutuila).
A more detailed report will be available in the next few months.
Alison Green

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Subject: Re: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 09:23:45 EDT
From: EricHugo@aol.com
To: rcarter@rsmas.miami.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Rob and list:

I had written back to Rupert privately, but thought would add my agreement
to
what you and others have said, and provide a photo of the fluorescing
proteins in a coral following bleaching for an article on coral (Euphyllia
parancora) bleaching I wrote for an aquarium publication.
http://www.advancedaquarist.com/issues/feb2002/cw.htm

The retention of fluorescing proteins is quite common, although seem to
vanish over time, as you mention.  Likewise, I suspect metabolism for one of
the two reasons you mention, and also suspect the latter one.

Eric Hugo Borneman
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Division in Ecology and Evolution
258, SR II
University of Houston
Houston, TX 77204

EBorneman@uh.edu or EricHugo@aol.com


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Subject: Re: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 19:25:06 +0600 (GMT)
From: Prasanna Weerakkody <firefish@sltnet.lk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

One thing that I found very interesting at the onset of the 1998 bleaching
monitoring in Sri Lanka was that some corals took on a brilliant ultramarine
blue for a couple of days before bleaching into blue. this was mostly
observed on colonies of Acropora formosa and couple of Montipora species.
I'm talking about whole colonies (2-3meters across) going deep blue. I sure
would like to have an explanation for this if there is one.

An additional note that there was a mild bleaching event that we were
observing on several south coast reefs in Sri Lanka during April. The corals
had become significantly paler overall, (60-70% of colonies) but none had
bleached into pure white except for development of completely bleached spots
ranging from 5-15 cm across on some colonies. I have not been able to
monitor for the last month but the indications were that things would be
easing up with the arrival of the Indian Ocean monsoon.

Prasanna

At 10:48 AM 28-05-02 +0100, you wrote:
>Dear Coral Listers
>
>I would be grateful if any of the coral physiologists involved in bleaching
>work could offer any details on a question that's been put to me a couple
>of times.
>
>The colourful pigments (blues, pinks etc.) that are charateristic of many
>shallow water corals (Acropora etc.) are, as I understand it, located in
>the coral tissue itself.  Whereas the pigments present in the zooxanthellae
>are more or less brown in colour.  If coral bleaching (due to elevated
>SSTs) is principally the result of expulsion or loss of zooxanthellae, then
>why do the corals go completely white.  i.e. what happens to the more
>colourful coral pigments? Are they damaged as well but independently by
>temperature induced failure of protective systems?
>
>sincerely,
>
>Rupert Ormond
>
>
>
>
>Dr. Rupert Ormond
>Director,
>University Marine Biological Station Millport,
>Isle of Cumbrae,
>SCOTLAND
>UK  KA28 0EG
>
>email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
>tel: (44)-01475-530581
>fax: (44)-01475-530601
>web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/
>
>
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
>
Prasanna Weerakkody
Nature Conservation Group
No.9, Balapokuna place,
Colombo 6.
Sri Lanka

E-mail: firefish@sltnet.lk
Ph:     941-856041

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Subject: Re: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Wed, 29 May 2002 15:31:06 +0000
From: Alex Mustard <atmu@soc.soton.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

To Prasanna & rest of the list,

I have observed similar pastel pink and blue coloured corals both in the
Maldives in May 1998 (at the onset of the severe bleaching event) and in
Thailand in May 2002.

Follow this link for a recent image from Thailand:
http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/GDD/hydro/atmu/ecology/chapter7/bleach.jpg

To my mind, these pastel colours are not (only) fluorescent because it is
possible to photograph them with a standard underwater flash, which usually
overpowers coral fluorescence.

I have been told (by two independent people working on bleaching) that these
colourful pigments are actually different strains of zooxanthellae that are
more resistant to bleaching. These pastel colours seem to be a transition
stage in bleaching?

For those who are interested, I observed the recent bleaching event in
Thailand while on vacation in the Similan Islands. While corals were paler
than "normal" for at least 10 days prior (start of my holiday), I observed
very dramatic changes in colour on the 5th & 6th May. On those 2 days, I
spent about 7 hours in the water and subjectively felt I was seeing
noticeable changes in colony colour on a time scale of hours. The most
extensive bleaching was at depths between 3-6m on the reef flat, and 5-8m on
the fore reef. Acropora and Pocillopora were most bleached ~70% of colonies,
others much less ~20%. Acropora, Pocillopora, Fungia and Porites all showed
the "pastel colours". Bleaching intensified right up until my last dive of
my trip (06 May 2002).

These observations are backed up by photographs, which I am happy to share
on request, but no data (holiday!). Dive computers indicated water
temperatures between 30-32C above a thermocline at 15-25m (27-28C below).
Comparable temps to those reported by Brown et al. (2000) Nature. 404:
142-143.

Regards

Alex

> One thing that I found very interesting at the onset of the 1998 bleaching
> monitoring in Sri Lanka was that some corals took on a brilliant
> ultramarine
> blue for a couple of days before bleaching into blue. this was mostly
> observed on colonies of Acropora formosa and couple of Montipora species.
> I'm talking about whole colonies (2-3meters across) going deep blue. I
> sure
> would like to have an explanation for this if there is one.
>
> An additional note that there was a mild bleaching event that we were
> observing on several south coast reefs in Sri Lanka during April. The
> corals
> had become significantly paler overall, (60-70% of colonies) but none had
> bleached into pure white except for development of completely bleached
> spots
> ranging from 5-15 cm across on some colonies. I have not been able to
> monitor for the last month but the indications were that things would be
> easing up with the arrival of the Indian Ocean monsoon.
>
> Prasanna

--

Dr Alexander Mustard               T +44 (0)23 80 59 60 16
George Deacon Division             F +44 (0)23 80 59 62 47
Southampton Oceanography Centre    M +44 (0)78 76 52 31 10
European Way, Southampton          E atmu@soc.soton.ac.uk
SO14 3ZH, UK

Subject: Coral bleaching
Date: Thu, 30 May 2002 09:35:50 +1000
From: imiller <imiller@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers

If you have a look at our last survey update from the AIMS Long Term
Monitoring Program there is a photo of partially bleached corals.

http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/ltm/ltm20020205-gbr.html
  One of the major findings of this survey was that the vast majority of
corals off-shore were partially bleached with only a relatively small
proportion bleached totally white.

Cheers Ian

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Subject: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching
Date: Thu, 30 May 2002 09:34:14 +0100
From: Rupert Ormond <rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers,

many THANKS to all those who reponded to my enquiry.  I'll try and
summarise the various information in due course, but meanwhile a few points
seem to have emerged strongly.
a) some corals have their own pigments in the ectodermal tissue, and some
apparently in the endoderm
b) it's generally presumed that the endodermal pigments can be lost along
with the zoox as the endodermal cells that carry them break down
c) clearly loss of these pigments doesn't always coincide with loss zoox,
since with mild bleaching partially bleached coral can be seen which may be
have lost one but not the other
d) in particular the flourescent pigments in some corals (especially
Acropora) may survive bleaching, giving them that "psychodelic glow" that
observers have described.

sincerely,

Rupert

Dr. Rupert Ormond
Director,
University Marine Biological Station Millport,
Isle of Cumbrae,
SCOTLAND
UK  KA28 0EG

email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
tel: (44)-01475-530581
fax: (44)-01475-530601
web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/

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Subject: Shark Finning
Date: Thu, 30 May 2002 07:08:26 -0400
From: Charles Frew <cfrew@asiaticmarine.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear All,

    I was very kindly given your contact details by Mike Ross (Cebu,
Philippines) in hope that you might be able to assist me.  I have
recently returned from Shark Conference 2002: Sustainable Utilization
and Conservation of Sharks which was held in Taipei during May.   As
expected shark fin traders were there in numbers listening to what we
had to say. One or two were concerned about diminishing shark
populations.  At the end of the conference, one of the traders told me
that they were now going to target the shark stocks of East Timor,
especially the prized fins of Hammerheads. You might also like to know
that Indonesia is the highest exporter (globally) of shark fins, with
India coming 2 nd.

Therefore I would be grateful if this email could be forwarded to (a)
the dive shops, FreeFlow -Luke Jones, Dive Timor Lorasae and any other
establishments with a vested marine interest within East Timor, and to
(b) an official linked to fisheries in East Timor.

I hope that something can be done, but I fear that 'finning' will be too
much of an economic incentive for both local and 'other' archipelago
fishermen.

Please keep me informed if you have or hear any news.

Regards, Charles Frew

*************************************************
Charles Frew, MSc
Director
Asiatic Marine Limited
Hong Kong SAR Tel/Fax: (852) 2104 2297
Mobile: (852) 9831 5410
email: cfrew@asiaticmarine.com
http://www.asiaticmarine.com
Marine Surveys     Underwater Filming     Shark Diving Expeditions
***************************************************
This e-mail, and any attachment, is confidential. If you have received
it in error, please delete it from your system, do not use or disclose
the information in any way, and notify me immediately. The contents of
this message may contain personal views which are not the views of
Asiatic Marine Limited, unless specifically stated.

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Coloured Pigments and Coral Bleaching?
Date: Fri, 31 May 2002 16:20:46 +1000
From: Anya Salih <anya@emu.usyd.edu.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi everyone,

For the last 6 yrs or so I've studied fluorescent pigments in corals
on the Great Barrier Reef, ecology and biology as well as
microstructure. I agree with Rob that during bleaching, not all
corals loose fluorescent pigments. Severely bleached or otherwise
stressed corals loose much fluorescent pigmentation as a result of
tissue degradation. When green fluorescent corals bleach, the
yellow-green hue of fluorescent pigments is clearly visible in
daylight. Blue fluorescent pigments (as in picture 1-2 at
http://www.emu.usyd.edu.au/research/figures.html) with emissions
476-484 nm, are generally invisible in daylight and bleached corals
appear white. Yellow, orange and red fluorescent pigmentation is
quite apparent in bleached corals. Expression of both fluorescent and
the weakly fluorescent pink/blue pigments is triggered by sunlight
(visible spectrum). Pigment expression, at least in some corals, is
up-regulated during bleaching, but only in corals exposed to sunlight.

regards
Anya

>Dear Coral Listers
>
>I would be grateful if any of the coral physiologists involved in bleaching
>work could offer any details on a question that's been put to me a couple
>of times.
>
>The colourful pigments (blues, pinks etc.) that are charateristic of many
>shallow water corals (Acropora etc.) are, as I understand it, located in
>the coral tissue itself.  Whereas the pigments present in the zooxanthellae
>are more or less brown in colour.  If coral bleaching (due to elevated
>SSTs) is principally the result of expulsion or loss of zooxanthellae, then
>why do the corals go completely white.  i.e. what happens to the more
>colourful coral pigments? Are they damaged as well but independently by
>temperature induced failure of protective systems?
>
>sincerely,
>
>Rupert Ormond
>
>
>
>
>Dr. Rupert Ormond
>Director,
>University Marine Biological Station Millport,
>Isle of Cumbrae,
>SCOTLAND
>UK  KA28 0EG
>
>email: rupert.ormond@millport.gla.ac.uk
>tel: (44)-01475-530581
>fax: (44)-01475-530601
>web: http://www.gla.ac.uk/Acad/Marine/
>
>
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

--
Dr Anya Salih
APD(I) Research Fellow
Electron Microscope Unit
& The Australian Key Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis
Madsen Building FO9                     Email: anya@emu.usyd.edu.au
The University of Sydney                Telephone: 02-93517540
Sydney, 2006, AUSTRALIA                 Facsimile: 02-93517682
http://www.emu.usyd.edu.au/research/anya_research.html
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: any other signs of bleaching in the Caribbean?
Date: Mon, 3 Jun 2002 11:56:07 -0400 (Eastern Daylight Time)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
CC: Carolina Bastidas <cbastidas@usb.ve>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Pam,

I was next door at Little Cayman (Bloody Bay Wall) at the same time. I did
not look at any shallow sites; all were 15-30 m. Siderastrea siderea were
commonly paled and a number of Agaricia lamarcki under ledges had blotchy
bleaching. Temperatures according to my dive computer were about 27 C.

Also noticed some white plague affecting ten host species on virtually
every dive. The lesions were generally small indicating recent initiation
and/or slow progression speed.

Erich

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 745-2729
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 745-2730
Center for Tropical Research        Email: emueller@mote.org
24244 Overseas Highway (US 1)
Summerland Key, FL   33042

Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml

Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

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Subject: Coral Ecology and Health Course
Date: Mon, 03 Jun 2002 20:42:40 -0400
From: "Robert B Jonas" <rjonas@gmu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

George Mason University and The College of the Bahamas
offer an advanced undergraduate/graduate course on

CORAL ECOLOGY AND HEALTH (EVPP 490/505 and BIOL 440/505)
Aug 1-13, 2002
4 credits
at The Bahamas Environmental Research Center, Andros Island, The Bahamas

Summary:  Coral Ecology and (coral) Health will immerse the students in
study of Caribbean coral reefs and the threats to their health, with the
worlds third largest barrier reef as the living laboratory less than a mile
from the temperature controlled lecture and laboratory site at the Bahamas
Environmental Research Center in Staniard Creek on Andros Island, The
Bahamas.  The course consists of daily visits to various reef sites for
fins on observations, investigations and reef preservation activities.
These field activities will be combined with lectures focusing on coral reef
ecology, coral reef fisheries, associated marine enviornments, resource
utilization, coral diseases, coral bleaching, algal proliferation and other
stressors that are afflicting corals in the Caribbean and throughout the
world.  Laboratory work will include coral and microbial and molecular
biology.

Fee: $1300 (all inclusive from Ft. Lauderdale, Fl) plus George Mason
University tuition

The syllabus is available at http://mason.gmu.edu/~rjonas/

Contact - The Center for Field Studies (Dr. Julia Nord, Director,
jnord@gmu.edu)
at George Mason University for more information
    703-993-1740 (voice)
    703-993-1439 (fax)

or contact the instructors directly by email
Dr. Donald Kelso (dkelso@gmu.edu)
Dr. Robert B. Jonas (rjonas@gmu.edu)

  Robert B. Jonas <rjonas@gmu.edu>
  Associate Professor
  George Mason University
  Environmental Science and Policy

  Robert B. Jonas
  Associate Professor               <rjonas@gmu.edu>
  George Mason University
  Environmental Science and Policy
  4400 University Dr.               Fax: 703-9931066
  Fairfax                           Work: 703-993-1030
  VA
  22030
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Jonas
  First Name    Robert
  Version       2.1

Subject: Change of address
Date: Tue, 04 Jun 2002 08:23:42 -0500
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@oshadavidson.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-listers,

Please note new contact information (E-mail remains the same).

Cheers,
Osha

================================
Osha Gray Davidson          Home page: www.OshaDavidson.com
301 E. Maryland Ave         Phone: (602) 263-5582
Phoenix, AZ 85012           E-Mail: osha@oshadavidson.com
USA

www.turtlehousefoundation.org
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Subject: Hermodice
Date: Wed, 05 Jun 2002 21:41:21 +0000
From: "megan berkle" <zennnnwoman@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello Everyone:

I am trying to come up with a world-wide distribution for the fireworm,
Hermodice carunculata.    If you have seen this worm anywhere in the world
while diving or conducting coral reef surveys please let me know the
location, depth, and the most common corals seen at that particular site.
Also, if anyone has photos of this worm please let me know.  Thanks.

Megan Berkle
Graduate student
Nova Southeastern University

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: Click Here
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Subject: Progress on Madang Coastal Programme
Date: Thu, 6 Jun 2002 09:02:26 +1000
From: "Ariadna Benet" <abenet@wwfpacific.org.pg>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

I would like to brief you about the progress that the Madang Lagoon team
=
from WWF-PERC (Madang, PNG) has made so far on the Madang coastal =
programme.
=20
The Madang coastal programme has two components that are different but =
interelated. The technical component, that seeks to assess the water =
quality of the Madang Lagoon sea and the social component that aims to =
help the communities to look after their sea and corals.  Both of these
=
will provide the buidling blocks for a larger Integrated Coastal Zone =
Management process.

- Technical component: Two preliminary survey were done to identify and
=
GPS sampling points (December 2001 and April 2002 respectively). A =
complete water and sediment sampling along the Lagoon was completed in =
May 2002 over three consecutive days. Samples were sent to NAL (National
=
Analysis Laboratories) in Lae for analysis. Physical parameters will be
=
assessed on a regular basis, at least once a month and we will forward =
reports as they are prepared.
=20
GIS information: we had a two week GIS and a Landscape planning training
=
in March. We are compiling data (GIS data, diving sites, species, land =
use,...) about the Madang Lagoon to do a map with all this information.

- Social component: Madang harbours 6 of PNG's 17 MPAs.  We have begun =
work with three communities who have established these conservation =
areas and with two further communities who are in the process of =
developing them. =20
=20
We have begun work with three communities along Madang Lagoon and in the
=
Madang islands and with two further communities who are in the process =
of developing them.  A workshop was completed =
with Sinub WMA committee and Laugum WMA committee to discuss the WMA =
management and expectations.  An analysis of the =
support needs of Kau WMA is now close to completion and this will =
contribute to a national survey of MPAs that we are hosting. A first =
meeting with Siar people to set up the Tab WMA was done with the =
assistance of A. Jenkins.
=20

Other activities include=20
=20
    - Oct 2001 - Participation in the Madang Coastal clean up
    - 22nd January 2002 - Presentations to Madang District =
administrators as part of TNC land use planning workshop
    - 5 June 2002 - World Environment Day procession to reduce use of =
plastic bags
=20
The following reports and minutes for all meetings and workshops are =
available from myself or Ogano Jano ojano@wwfpacific.org.pg if required.
=

=20
    - Kananum meeting reports ...
    - Sinub WMA training and Sinub meeting report
    - Kau WMA assessment
    - Tab WMA meeting report=20

We would appreciate your help with any papers, information or GIS =
datasets relevant to Madang coastal and marine environments and =
communities.
=20
Thank you for your support.
=20
Regards,

Ariadna
___________________________
Ariadna Benet, PhD
Pacific Ecoregions Center (PERC)
Private Mail Bag
Madang, PNG

Ph: (675) 852 3720
FAX: (675) 852 37 21
e-mail: abenet@wwfpacific.org.pg
           abenet@pngimr.org.pg
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Subject: Aloha everyone!
Date: Wed, 05 Jun 2002 16:37:48 -1000
From: "Andy Collins" <Andy.Collins@noaa.gov>
Organization: NWHICRER
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Aloha,

I am new to this list and thought I would introduce myself.  I am the
Education and Outreach Coordinator for the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve.  Our reserve is a string of atolls,
volcanic islands, sea mounts and reefs that extend for 1200 miles North
and West of the main Hawaiian Islands.  It has been estimated that
nearly 70% of all coral reefs in the United States lie in these waters.

We are currently undergoing National Marine Sanctuary designation and
recently held public meetings throughout the State of Hawai'i and in
Washington D.C. to collect public comment about designating the Reserve
as a National Marine Sanctuary.  We received overwhelming response -
roughly 15,000 comments - most in favor of strong conservation in this
region.

Please visit our web site, listed below, or drop me a note if you would
like more information about the Reserve or just want to chat.

--
Andy Collins
Education and Outreach Coordinator/Webmaster
NOAA/NOS Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
6700 Kalaniana'ole Hwy. # 215
Honolulu, HI 96825
---------------------------
Ph: (808)397-2659
Cell (808)347-8144
Fx: (808)397-2662
http://hawaiireef.noaa.gov

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Andy Collins <andy.collins@noaa.gov>
  Education and Outreach Coordinator/Webmaster
  NOAA/NOS
  Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve

  Andy Collins
  Education and Outreach Coordinator/Webmaster <andy.collins@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS
  Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef
  Ecosystem Reserve
  6700 Kalaniana'ole Hwy. #215                 Cellular: (808)347-8144
  Honolulu                                     Fax: (808)397-2662
  HI                                           Home: (808)737-8437
  96825                                        Work: (808)397-2659
                                               Conference Software Address
                                               Specific Directory Server
  Specialist in: -education -web design -computer networking -computer
  based learning -natural resource management
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Collins
  First Name    Andy
  Version       2.1

Subject: underwater housings
Date: Thu, 06 Jun 2002 10:57:43 -1000
From: Eric Hochberg <hochberg@hawaii.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi all,

Can anyone recommend a manufacturer of custom underwater housings?
Please reply directly to me, not to the whole list.  Thanks.

Aloha,
Eric
--
Eric Hochberg
University of Hawaii
Department of Oceanography
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu, Hawaii  96822
USA

Tel: (808) 956-9108
Fax: (808) 956-7112
e-mail: hochberg@hawaii.edu
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/marlin/hochberg

"Never underestimate how much assistance, how much satisfaction,
how much comfort, how much soul and transcendence there might be
in a well-made taco and a cold bottle of beer."
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Talamanca's coral reefs
Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 08:00:56 -0400
From: BioGems Info <biogemsinfo@nrdc.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Costa Rican environmentalists celebrated a decisive victory last month
when their country's outgoing government rejected plans to open the lush
Caribbean coast to offshore oil drilling. The decision by former
Environment Minister Elizabeth Odio ensures the preservation of
Talamanca's fragile coral reefs and marine life -- including rare Tucuxi
dolphins and endangered sea turtles -- as well as the region's growing
ecotourism industry. The ruling, supported by recently elected President
Abel Pacheco, capped a two-year anti-drilling campaign led by community
leaders and activists, with strong support from BioGems Defenders who
sent more than 27,000 letters opposing the oil exploration plans of
U.S.-based Harken Energy and MKJ Xplorations.

More info:  http://www.savebiogems.org/talamanca/

~~~~~~~
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Subject: giant clam culture in Palau
Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 11:00:03 -0400
From: "Brust, Colleen J Ms USACHPPM" <Colleen.Brust@APG.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL>
To: "'coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear List,

Can anyone provide me with a contact at the Palau Mariculture Demonstration
Center, please?  We have successfully used transplanted juvenile Tridacna
maxima for biomonitoring, so while in Palau at the end of this month, I'd
like to take the opportunity to learn as much as possible from the experts.
Specifically, I am interested in potential sources of study clams and
reducing mortality during shipping, handling, and deployment.

Thanks in advance,

Colleen

Colleen J. Brust
U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine
Surface Water and Wastewater Program
5158 Blackhawk Rd.
ATTN: MCHB-TS-ESW
APG, MD  21010-5403
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: dying sponges
Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2002 15:14:34 -0400
From: "tara hackler" <divertara@hotmail.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello,
>
> My name is Tara Hackler and I am working in the Cayman Islands in the dive
industry.  I have
> notices a unhealthily pattern of barrel sponges dying off in the past
year
> and a half.  I think this is a serious issue but don't know how to go
about
> creating a research program or general tracking of this.
>
> Any info you could give me would be appreciated.
> Sincerely, Tara Hackler
>

Subject: Marine Ecologist Position
Date: Mon, 10 Jun 2002 08:29:15 -0400
From: Dennis Hanisak <Hanisak@HBOI.edu>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

> Marine Ecologist: The Division of Marine Science at Harbor Branch
> Oceanographic Institution invites applications for an Assistant Scientist
> (equivalent to Assistant Professor) to complement existing programs
> (www.hboi.edu).  We are seeking a marine ecologist with an established
> record of scientific productivity and a proven track record of external
> funding.  Respond by 1 July 2002 by submitting curriculum vitae, reprints
> of 5 important publications, outline of research interests, and names of 3
> references to: Personnel, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 N
> US Hwy 1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946; FAX: (772) 466-3644; e-mail:
> personnel@hboi.edu.  EOE/AAP, DFW.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coastal Zone '03
Date: Fri, 14 Jun 2002 13:49:28 -0400
From: "Rhonda Crawley" <Rhonda.Crawley@noaa.gov>
Organization: doc/noaa/nos/csc
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

************************************************
Coastal Zone '03
Coastal Zone Management Through Time

The largest conference for the world's coastal resource management
community will be held July 13 - 17, 2003 in Baltimore, Maryland.

Deadline for abstract submissions is September 16, 2002.

For more information, please visit
www.csc.noaa.gov/cz2003/

**************************************************

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: test of coral-list, please ignore
Date: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 10:30:25 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Checking coral-list configuration...please ignore....

Cheers,
Jim
coral-list admin

~~~~~~~
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Subject: 5th Int. SAMPAA Conference
Date: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:40:28 -0700
From: Tomas_Tomascik@pch.gc.ca
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello everyone:

Please note that  the Fifth International SAMPAA conference will be held
from May 11 to 16, 2003 at the University of Victoria,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Please visit SAMPAA's web site at: <
http://www.sampaa.org> for conference information. I would like to
encourage everyone who is doing research on Marine Protected Areas (natural
sciences, social sciences, culture and economics) to attend.

Cheers, Tom

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Subject: SAMPAA Conference follow-up
Date: Mon, 17 Jun 2002 14:56:09 -0700
From: Tomas_Tomascik@pch.gc.ca
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi everyone:

I neglected to stress in my earlier message that  we are interested in
temperate, subtropical and tropical MPA research, from both the science and
management perspectives. The theme of the conference is: Making Ecosystem
Based Management Work: Connecting Managers and Researchers.

Cheers, Tom

---------------------- Forwarded by Tomas Tomascik/West-Ouest/PCH/CA on
17/06/2002 02:58 PM ---------------------------

Tomas Tomascik
17/06/2002 02:40 PM

To:    coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
cc:

Subject:    5th Int. SAMPAA Conference

Hello everyone:

Please note that  the Fifth International SAMPAA conference will be held
from May 11 to 16, 2003 at the University of Victoria,
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Please visit SAMPAA's web site at: <
http://www.sampaa.org> for conference information. I would like to
encourage everyone who is doing research on Marine Protected Areas (natural
sciences, social sciences, culture and economics) to attend.

Cheers, Tom

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Discovery of the cause for white pox disease on elkhorn coral
Date: Tue, 18 Jun 2002 21:01:33 -0400
From: James Porter <jporter@arches.uga.edu>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

    Our paper demonstrating that a common fecal enteric bacterium is killing
coral in the Florida Keys has just been published in the Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences.  The web link to read the article is:

http:www//pnas.org

    This disease is called white pox, and is caused by the enterobacterium
Serratia marcescens, which is found in the intestines of animals, including
the human gut.  This is the first time that a common member of the human gut
microbiota has been shown to be a marine invertebrate pathogen.  This
disease is killing off much of the elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata) in the
Florida Keys.  Average loss rates throughout the Keys are near 85 percent.
On some reefs near Key West, however, the disease has already killed more
than 98 percent of the elkhorn coral.
    For this research, we satisfied Kochs postulates.  16s rDNA sequence
analysis of the white pox bacterium showed 100 percent identity to Serratia
marcescens.
    This finding demonstrates that we cannot blame global climate change as
the sole source of our problems on coral reefs.

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Subject: coral reefs and climate
Date: Wed, 19 Jun 2002 07:42:30 -0400
From: "Gene Buck" <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Web Service
Date: Wed, 19 Jun 2002 20:28:45 -0500
From: "Doug Kent" <dkent@austin.rr.com>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

I would like to create a .NET Framework Web Service to serve the coral reef
scientific and/or environmental conservation community.

As part of its function the service could serve up data on request, store
submitted data, and perform calculations with given parameters.

The functions of the service could be available to anyone on the Internet,
but could only be accessed directly by writing computer code.  Code written
to use the service could be made part of a web page or a conventional
computer application by anyone wishing to use the service.

I am hereby soliciting suggestions for what specifically this service might
do.

For example, do you know of:

*  databases whose content might usefully be made publicly accessable?
*  interesting computations or calculations that might yield beneficial
output when provided appropriate parameters?
*  data that might usefully be accumulated over time into a centralized
database?

Thanks for any suggestions!

Sincerely,
Doug Kent

Subject: Re: Web Service
Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 10:05:48 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: dkent@austin.rr.com
CC: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Doug Kent wrote:

> I would like to create a .NET Framework Web Service to serve the coral
> reef scientific and/or environmental conservation community.

Hi, Doug,

After speaking with our database and systems administration specialists
(Louis Florit and Clarke Jeffris), it appears that the .NET Framework is
still in beta and therefore may be in a transitory state and not
desirable for basing a large amount of work on at this time.

> As part of its function the service could serve up data on request,
> store submitted data, and perform calculations with given parameters.

As you begin to search the Web and follow existing coral-related links,
I think you will find that there are several good coral-related Web
pages that presently serve data on request, and store submitted data
(e.g., ReefBase, NOAA's CoRIS [open soon], CHAMP, etc.).  Performing
calculations with given parameters is probably something that might be
more efficacious within subgroups of coral researchers.  For instance,
carbon dioxide and light calculations might be handy, but I'm not sure
it would be of so much value to the entire coral reef community to the
point that you would like to base a large amount of your work on
developing this capability.  Your proposed work might require a more
formal systems analysis, I would think, before diving headlong into
this.  But that's just my feeling.

> The functions of the service could be available to anyone on the
> Internet, but could only be accessed directly by writing computer
> code.  Code written to use the service could be made part of a web
> page or a conventional computer application by anyone wishing to use
> the service.

I would take it from this that you mean you would write the code, or
would you ask that others do this?  For the most part, it is my
experience that not many coral researchers write computer code, but they
could contract someone to do so, of course.  If you are volunteering to
do this, you may get bombed with requests; if you are asking for
remuneration, it comes around to the same result; namely, the
researchers have to come up with the money, probably from funding that
is already hard to receive "just" for their basic research.  We are
developing api/j2ee application code for access to our Oracle database
to serve SEAKEYS, CREWS meteorological and oceanographic data, and
eventually coral disease data, over the Web, as well as expert system
software to utilize those data, and I can tell you that this is an
involved process requiring many frustrating hours of work.

> I am hereby soliciting suggestions for what specifically this service
> might do.

As alluded to above, there has already been a tremendous amount of
effort by that has gone into building Web pages and user-interfaces to
display research data, and I think after you look around you will see
that the salient needs are being met, or at least we're trying.  This is
not to say there are not areas for application development.  I hope you
receive some comments for work you can do that is not being done
elsewhere.

> For example, do you know of:  databases whose content might usefully
> be made publicly accessable?

Peruse the links referred to above and the CHAMP (and other)
coral-related Web pages and their links and I believe you'll find a
wealth of data.  My guess is that the data that would probably be most
useful to researchers, but that is not currently available, is grey
literature (especially older reports) and closely-circulated data
reports of the smaller countries where coral reefs are found.  Both
ReefBase and CHAMP have some attempts underway to make these reports
available, but it is a very time-consuming and potentially expensive
process.  If you want to take this step further, try coming up with a
character-recognition system that will glean the numbers from the
reports and place them into your proposed database.  I would warn you
that this would additionally entail having coral researchers
quality-control the data after you have done your translation to
digital, something that will cost you money to get their time, I would
hazard to guess.

> * interesting computations or calculations that might yield beneficial
> output when provided appropriate parameters?  * data that might
> usefully be accumulated over time into a centralized database?

I hope you are able to gain some input from researchers who can use your
expertise.  I look forward to hearing of your progress.

    Cheers,
    Jim

 ----------------------------------------------------
  James C. Hendee, Ph.D.
  Coral Health and Monitoring Program
  Ocean Chemistry Division
  Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
  Miami, FL  33149-1026

  Voice:  (305) 361-4396
  Fax:    (305) 361-4392
  Email:  jim.hendee@noaa.gov
  Web:    http://www.coral.noaa.gov

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: RE: Web Service
Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2002 11:08:46 -0500
From: "Doug Kent" <dkent@austin.rr.com>
To: "'Jim Hendee'" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
CC: "'coral-list'" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Jim, thanks for your response!  See my comments interspersed below.
There are several useful clarifications that you have suggested.

>
> After speaking with our database and systems administration
> specialists (Louis Florit and Clarke Jeffris), it appears
> that the .NET Framework is still in beta and therefore may be
> in a transitory state and not desirable for basing a large
> amount of work on at this time.

You correctly note that the .NET *Server* is still in beta.  However,
please be aware that Windows XP Server with .NET installed on it will
work fine *now* for the applications I envision.  The .NET Framework is
complete and available in final release form.  One can install it on
Windows XP and it works great.  .NET Server, the product that is still
in beta, will have .NET bundled into it, and will have new features
targeted to large-scale deployments.

> developing this capability.  Your proposed work might require
> a more formal systems analysis, I would think, before diving
> headlong into this.  But that's just my feeling.

Good suggestion, I think.  To the extent such research and analysis is
required, I'll hope to rely on you domain experts to do it.  And you can
leave the software engineering up to me.

>
> I would take it from this that you mean you would write the
> code, or would you ask that others do this?

I'm sorry I wasn't clear.  I absolutely intend to do the coding myself.
I would be happy to receive material compensation, but that would only
be gravy, and I do not intend to ask for it.  I am currently not fully
employed, and while I have the extra time, I want to apply my skills to
a fulfilling cause.

> As alluded to above, there has already been a tremendous
> amount of effort by that has gone into building Web pages and
> user-interfaces to display research data,

I need to be more clear about my proposal:  Take the CoRIS web site for
an example (www.coris.noaa.gov).  They have what to me is an impressive
new web site that intends to provide a wealth of data to the coral
research community.

Suppose I wanted to create my own web page or computer application that
could *programmatically* access CoRIS' data, bypassing the CoRIS web
site's GUI?  I would need NOAA to have wrapped the functionality of
their web site into a set of computer interfaces that I (or anyone else)
could use programmatically and remotely.

I propose to write those interfaces using the Web Services feature of
the .NET Framework.  Thereby those interfaces could be consumed by any
application written in any language running on any operating system
anywhere in the world that has Internet access.  Their functionality
would not be limited to that of the CoRIS web page GUI, but to the
limits of the imaginations and resources of researchers around the
world.

Let me know if that's still not complete or clear.

Thanks, Jim, for all your other suggestions and your expression of moral
support!

Sincerely,
Doug Kent

Subject: Re: coral reefs and climate
Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2002 14:44:38 +1000
From: hamnett@hawaii.edu
To: Gene Buck <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

You might want to look at Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs by
Wilkenson & Buddemeier (1994), a UNEP-IOC-IUCN Task Team report.

----- Original Message -----
From: Gene Buck <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
Date: Wednesday, June 19, 2002 9:42 pm
Subject: coral reefs and climate

> Colleagues:
>
>           I'm looking for either 1) a good bibliography on coral
> reefs and climate change or 2) citation to a farily comprehensive
> summary article discussing coral reefs and impacts of climate
> change.  Your suggestions, please.  Please respond directly to
> gbuck@crs.loc.gov or fax to (202) 707-7289.  Thanks much in advance.
>
>                                                 Gene Buck, senior
> analyst
> Congressional Research Service
>                                                 gbuck@crs.loc.gov
>

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Michael P. Hamnett <hamnett@hawaii.edu>
  Director
  University of Hawaii
  Social Science Research Institute

  Michael P. Hamnett
  Director                           <hamnett@hawaii.edu>
  University of Hawaii
  Social Science Research Institute
  Saunders Hall, Room 704            Fax: (808) 956-2884
  Honolulu                           Work: (808) 956-7469
  Hawaii
  96822
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Hamnett
  First Name    Michael
  Version       2.1

Subject: You've received an online postcard!
Date: Fri, 21 Jun 2002 22:38:28 +0000
From: nbood@hotmail.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Coral-list:

Nadia Bood has sent you an online postcard courtesy of World
Wildlife Fund (WWF). Come to http://www.worldwildlife.org to learn
more about what you can do to save endangered species and wild
places all over the world. Working together, we can leave our
children a living planet.

To pick up your postcard, cut and paste the address below into
your web browser:

http://www.worldwildlife.org/expeditions/reef/postcards/postcard_02062110382857303.html

Enjoy your postcard!

WORLD WILDLIFE FUND
http://www.worldwildlife.org
1-800-225-5993

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


Subject: Coral reefs and Climate - a summary of responses
Date: Mon, 24 Jun 2002 10:51:22 -0400
From: "Gene Buck" <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, "Gene Buck" <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
Subject: Reef Encounter - Final Call for Contributions
Date: Tue, 25 Jun 2002 11:01:58 +0100 (BST)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: marbio@mote.org

MAGAZINE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
News, Views and Reviews

REEF ENCOUNTER No. 32
FINAL CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Reef Encounter is looking for articles for the next issue (due out in
September 2002).  We welcome contributions from 300 - 1200 words on any
aspect of reef studies, including news, comments, short reviews (but not
original scientific data) and also illustrations/cartoons.

Our final deadline is 1st July, but we appreciate receiving early
contributions.

Please send your ideas for articles and the articles themselves to our
NEW email address:

editors@reefencounter.org

You will receive an email acknowledgment from one of the editors within a
couple of days (if you don't please check back!).

If you need style guidelines, take a look at recent back issues at the
society's webpage www.uncwil.edu/isrs.

Thank you!

Kristian Teleki
Maggie Watson
Maria Joao Rodrigues

If you are interested in joining the society and receiving Reef Encounter
and the journal Coral Reefs, you can find more details on the web page.

www.uncwil.edu/isrs


~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Trace metals in coral
Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2002 13:46:30 -0400
From: Katie Matthews <kam2@sas.upenn.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello list members,

I am interested in speaking with any labs that are currently analyzing coral
skeleton for trace metals, preferably with ICP-MS (ELEMENT 2 generation or
similar).  I am looking for the most up-to-date information on sample
preparation techniques, SRMs and detection limits (and other questions).
Many thanks in advance for your time and help.  You can contact me at
kam2@sas.upenn.edu.

Thank you,
Katie Matthews

Kathryn Matthews
Ph.D. Student
Department of Earth and Environmental Science
University of Pennsylvania
office: 215-573-8502 ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing
to coral-list or the digests, please see
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Subject: Bleaching, or lack of..
Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2002 14:17:02 -0400
From: "Ernesto Weil" <eweil@caribe.net>
To: "Corallist" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear colleagues,

I have been monitoring SWT in the southwest coast of Puerto Rico as well as
coral reefs around La Parguera for signs of bleaching. Since March, water
temperature rose a bit faster compared to last year, however, it has stayed
below 30 degrees (around 29) Celcius so far. No signs of bleaching (except
for the usual isolated, pale colony of Millepora and Palythoa) have been
observed in any reef in this area.

Saludos!

Ernesto Weil, Ph.D
Associate Professor
Dep. Marine Sciences
U. of Puerto Rico
PO BOX 908, Lajas PR 00667
Ph. (787) 899-2048 x. 241
Fax (787)899-5500/2630


Subject: Reef Awareness Week July 21-28, 2002
Date: Wed, 26 Jun 2002 20:21:32 -0400
From: Deevon Quirolo <deevon@bellsouth.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Reef Awareness Week Set for July 2127

Reef Awareness Week, Reef Reliefs annual celebration of coral reefs, will
be held the week of July 21-27th in the Florida Keys and online. This
years  theme is Celebrating the Key West Marine Park, a newly-established
area on the oceanside of Key West with no motor swim lanes and vessel access
lanes that provides a safe way to explore the nearshore waters of Key West.

Reef Awareness Week will  feature online events as well as activities
throughout the Florida Keys, including the Annual Reef Relief Membership
Meeting at the Casa Marina Resort on Tuesday, July 23 featuring Craig
Quirolos State of the Reef Address on the Bahamas Coral Nursery and a talk
on The Challenge to Elkhorn Coral Conservation in the Caribbean by Dr. James
Porter; a luncheon talk at Cheeca Lodge by Dr. Larry Brand on Black Water
event in the Keys:  Will it Happen Again? on Friday, July 26; a benefit
sunset sail hosted by Danger Charters; and the gala Jewel of the Sea Reef
Ball featuring music and dancing on Saturday, July 27th hosted by Kellys
Duval Beach Club in Key West.

The Florida Keys is home to the third longest coral barrier reef in the
world, and the most heavily-visited. Coral reefs are important for many
reasons beyond the fact that they are home to more kinds of life than any
other ocean environment.  In the Florida Keys, the coral reefs are essential
to our commercial fishing and tourism economy, they provide habitat for many
endangered species, are a barrier to storm surge  and improve quality of
life by providing an ocean wilderness experience.  Finding ways to keep our
coral reefs alive and healthy is essential to our way of life. noted DeeVon
Quirolo, Reef Reliefs Executive Director. Reef Awareness Week gives
everyone an opportunity to get involved and learn more about our coral
reefs.

Reef Awareness Week is sponsored by Gulfstream International Airlines, OMI,
Keys Federal Credit Union, Cove Point Foundation, Pier House, Wyndham Casa
Marina Resort, Cheeca Lodge, Solares Hill Newspaper, The Reporter, Keynoter,
Old Town Resorts, Banana Bay Resort, Hampton Inn Key West, Conch FM & US One
Radio, Clear Channel Radio, Keys Radio Group, Pikn 102.5, Sheraton Suites,
Conch House Heritage House, and Gingerbread Square Gallery.

For more information, to reserve space at the luncheon or Reef Ball,  or to
get involved as a volunteer or a sponsor, contact Reef Relief at (305)
294-3100, email reef@bellsouth.net or online at www.reefrelief.org.  Or drop
by the Reef Relief Environmental Center & Gift Shop at the Historic Seaport
at the foot of William Street in Key West, Fl.

DeeVon Quirolo, Executive Director, Reef Relief a non-profit grassroots
membership organization dedicated to Preserve and Protect Living Coral Reef
Ecosystems through local, regional and international efforts.  (305)
294-3100, P.O. Box 430, Key West, Fl. 33041
===========================================
Do you want to make a difference for coral reefs? With a stroke of your
keyboard, you can!
Join Reef Relief's E-list. It's free, it's easy. Go to our website to sign
onto our mailing list.
That's all it takes and you'll receive regular e-alerts with information
about coral reef issues,
opportunities to take action, and more.....
http://www.reefrelief.org

Subject: Email address of Dr. Mahmoudi
Date: Sat, 29 Jun 2002 12:46:40 +0330
From: "Mohammad Reza Shokri" <mrshokri@angelfire.com>
Organization: Angelfire (http://email.angelfire.mailcity.lycos.com:80)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: marbio@mote.org


Dear Listers,

I would appreciate it if anyone can inform me of the email address of Dr.
Behzad Mahmoudi probabely based in Florida Marine Research Institute.


Best regards
Mohamad
-------------
Mohammad Reza Shokri

Iranian National Center for Oceanography

Living Resources Department

#51, Bozorgmehr Ave., Tehran, 14168, Iran

Tel: +98-21-6419891

Fax: +98-21-6419978

Email: <mrshokri@angelfire.com> & <mrshok@hotmail.com>

Is your boss reading your email? ....Probably
Keep your messages private by using Lycos Mail.
Sign up today at http://mail.lycos.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: % of shorelines covered by coral reefs
Date: Mon, 01 Jul 2002 04:49:14 -0400
From: "Brice Quenoville" <quenovib@naos.si.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi all,

I have a question that I guess does not have a straightforward answer but I
will be happy even by a very gross estimation.

Of the total amount of shorelines where coral reefs could be potentially
found (i.e. probably the total amount of shorelines found in tropical
areas), what is the percentage actually covered by coral reefs (in modern
times)?

Thank you very much,
brice

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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Barbadian reef areas
Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2002 12:25:50 +0100 (BST)
From: "Heidi S. El-Hosaini" <H.El-hosaini@uea.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers,

I am currently writing a thesis on the recovery of Diadema
in the Caribbean (Barbados)... I cannot find data on the
individual reef areas though... If anyone has this data can
they please get in touch with me at:
h.el-hosaini@uea.ac.uk, it would be a great help!

I am looking for reef areas for the following reefs:
- Brighton reef
- Spring Garden reef
- Fitts Village reef
- South Bellairs reef
- Greensleaves reef
- Sandridge reef
Preferably areas of the crest zone and the spur-and-groove
zones for each of these reefs, but even the total area
would be a help.

Thank you!  Heidi El-Hosaini

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Subject: Coral Reefs in the Desert? Ocotillos and Salt Whips...
Date: Mon, 1 Jul 2002 16:01:52 -0700 (PDT)
From: Paula Morgan <thompaula_2000@yahoo.com>
To: Brice Quenoville <quenovib@naos.si.edu>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: quincy@unm.edu

 Greetings,

Teachers in New Mexico are studying watersheds in the mountains above
Albuquerque, which were once mostly covered by Oceans long ago.

We realized the limestone content in the creek was probably an ancient coral
reef at one time.

In the deserts below Albuquerque, out into the great Chihuahuan realm,
Ocotillo cactus looked like kin to soft corals.

Question: is there any possibility that corals and Ocotillos could be
related? Granted the Ocotillo is a plant, and the coral is a plant-like
animal. But maybe the Ocotillo adapted as the Ocean receded?

Thank you for any feedback, on behalf of interested teachers and students.

Sincerely,

Paula Morgan, Director, The Reef Ranger Project in the Virgin Islands, The
River Ranger Project in New Mexico



                       THE PLANET OCEAN RANGER PROJECT

   The River Rangers in New Mexico ><>  <><The Reef Rangers in the Virgin
                                   Islands

               "What goes in our rivers ends up in our Ocean"

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do You Yahoo!?
Sign-up for Video Highlights of 2002 FIFA World Cup

Subject: energy budget and stress
Date: Tue, 02 Jul 2002 19:16:15 +0100
From: Chris Schelten <cks102@york.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi corallist members,
I need some help to this question.
A 'healthy coral' has enough energy to support growth and reproductive
output. If the corals is now confronted by a stress (e.g. shading,
increased temperature - not including tissue damage!!!), which of the
processes would be cut off first due to reduced energy budget?
Reproductive output? Growth?
If you have any ideas, preferable with references, please, let me know!
Thanks a lot for your help (again).
Chris

--
><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>><>
Christiane K. Schelten
Environment Department
University of York
York YO10 5DD
England
Tel: 01904-434067
Fax: 01904-432998
e-mail: cks102@york.ac.uk
            chris_schelten@hotmail.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: MAAs
Date: Tue, 02 Jul 2002 14:04:08 -0500
From: Rogers.Johne@epamail.epa.gov
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I have begun some work with MAAs and coral symbiots and was wondering if
anyone has any comments on the stability of standards and sample
preparations stored in MeOH at -60 oC.

Thanks for any help in advance

John Rogers

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Subject:
Date: Wed, 3 Jul 2002 16:33:51 +0200
From: Denis Allemand <Denis.Allemand@unice.fr>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

        Our team is part of the UMR 1112 UNSA - INRA located in the
University of Nice - Sophia Antipolis (France). We are working on the
effect of environmental stress on symbiotic and non-symbiotic
Cnidarians. Our current efforts focused on i) molecular mechanisms of
Cnidarian resistance to oxidative stress; ii) interaction between
host and symbionts during the adaptative response; iii) coral
bleaching; iv) adaptation at the population level.

        A full position of Professor of Biology will be probably
available in our team within the next 3 years. We are seeking a
highly motivated scientist with practical experience in one of the
following fields: Marine invertebrates, Symbiosis, Molecular Biology,
Genetics, Cell physiology, Biochemistry of protein. This professor
will conduct interactive work with other fellows of our research
group and will teach in french General Biology and Population
Genetics.To postulate, candidates should have an experience in
research direction.

        Candidates are encouraged to send their curriculum vitae,
list of publications and 1 or  2 reference letters to:

Professor Denis Allemand
UMR 1112 INRA - Universit=E9 de Nice Sophia Antipolis
"R=E9ponse des Organismes aux Stress Environnementaux"
=46acult=E9 des Sciences - Parc Valrose
=46-06108 NICE Cedex 2

Tel. : (33) 04 92 07 68 43
=46ax. : (33) 04 92 07 65 63
E-mail: allemand@unice.fr
Web : www.unice.fr
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Bleaching: Alerts
Date: Wed, 03 Jul 2002 15:29:15 -0400
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Roger B. Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>,
     Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>,
     "Dr. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" <oveh@uq.edu.au>,
     Terry Done <TDone@aims.gov.au>,
     Ray Berkelmans <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>,
     Peter J Mumby <p.j.mumby@ncl.ac.uk>

NOTICE:

As we continue to move towards what is looking to be a weak El Nino,
there are two regions of the coral world that probably require our
attention regarding mass bleaching events:

NOTE:  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/coral_bleaching_index.html

The Gulf of Oman is very hot at present.  This hot water is mostly
centred near Muscat and those reefs within 100 km of Muscat are
currently experiencing a HotSpot of 2 deg C and a DHW or 8 to 9 (Degree
Heating Weeks).  This is DHW is second only to 1998 when it managed to
get up to 16 at the same time of the year.

The effect of the tongue of hot water extending westward along the
equator from South America (a typical ENSO signal) is creating a
potentially problematic situation in the western central Pacific, where
the lower half of the Kingsmill Group (south west of the Gilbert Islands

and in Kiribati) is currently experiencing a HotSpot of 1.25 deg C and
has already accumulated a DHW of 11.

This tongue of hot water is causing some concern for many reef regions
right along its path.  For example Howland and Baker Islands have a
HotSpot value of 1.25 deg C and have accumulated a DHW of 8, whereas
Kiritmati has a HotSpot value of 0.5 and has accumulated a DHW of 9.
These values are also repeated at various sites along the equator
between these locations.

Cheers/Regrets,
William Skirving
Al Strong
NOAA's Coral Reef Watch Program

--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 443-822-3668
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8108
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1

Subject: Work in Saudi Arabia
Date: Sun, 07 Jul 2002 12:52:07 +0300
From: "Yusef H. Fadlalla" <yfadlal@kfupm.edu.sa>
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Looking for a marine ecologist/coral reef specialists who may be
interested in
short-term (several months-2 years) contract work in Saudi Arabia,
specifically
in the Arabian Gulf but possibly in the Red Sea as well.   Candidates
should
have a PhD (preferable) in a related discipline.   Contract research and
project
management experience, including study design and technical proposal and
report
writing, is essential. Area of applied research preferred includes
marine habitat
(coral reefs, mangroves, seagrasses) monitoring,  baseline surveys, and
environmental impact assessment.  Diving experience is strongly
recommended.
Long-term employment for the same position will be considered.
Positions for
research technicians (BSc) in the same field are also available.

Please send correspondence and CV through email directly to:

Yusef Fadlallah, Ph.D.
Center for Environment and Water
Research Institute
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Dhahran 31261
Saudi Arabia

Email: yfadlal@kfupm.edu.sa

Tel: +966-3-860-3237
Fax: +966-3-860-3220

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Looking for Dr. John Miller & Coral Reef Movies for CIRCoP
Date: Sun, 7 Jul 2002 19:16:34 +0200
From: "Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert" <fpl@circop.com>
Organization: CIRCoP.com
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All

CIRCoP is looking for Underwater Movies to show, and especially Movies about
Coral Reefs.

We had the info about a stunning movie owned by Dr. John Miller. But we
don't know how to contact him (somewhere in Scrippts Institute of Oceanology
in California or at Florida University ?)

Thanks for any info about him.

By the way, if you have a movie about Coral Reefs that you would like to
show during CIRCoP (International Coral Reef Conferences of Paris), please
contact me.

Best Regards
Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert
CIRCoP Project Director
http://www.circop.com, to Enjoy Great Protected Coral Reefs
Official CIRCoP Partners : VediorBis - Paris Int'l Dive Show - Nicolas Hulot
Foundation - Playstation 2


Subject: NCORE Conference Open to All - July 23 & 24/02
Date: Mon, 8 Jul 2002 11:21:05 -0400
From: "Robin Fortuna" <rfortuna@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <repast-interest@lists.sourceforge.net>,
     <swarm@swarm.org>
Subject: ring-shaped lesions on A. palmata
Date: Mon, 08 Jul 2002 15:13:18 -0400
From: "Dana Williams" <Dana.Williams@noaa.gov>
Organization: RSMAS/CIMAS
To: coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: James D Williams <jim_williams@usgs.gov>,
     Strawn Toler <stoler@seas.marine.usf.edu>,
     Dan Davis <ddavis@aldenlab.com>

Coral-Listers,
At Molasses Reef in the Florida Keys, I recently observed a patch of
approximately 15 Acropora palmata colonies which had numerous
ring-shaped lesions, only 2 or 3 smaller colonies in this patch were
lacking these distinct rings.
Scars that were identical in appearance were photographed by Margaret
Miller on one or two A. palmata colonies as well as some Millepora
complanata in August 1999 at Pickles Reef (several miles south of
Molasses Reef).
Figures of these scars and additional observations can be viewed at:
http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/REEFNEW/coral_reef.htm (click on the link at
the top of the page, "ring-shaped scars on Acropora palmata from
Molasses Reef")

These colonies are being monitored to determine the fate of these
lesions but I would appreciate any insight into the cause of these marks
and the prognosis for the affected colonies.

Dana

--
Dana E. Williams, Ph.D.
Post Doctoral Associate
National Marine Fisheries Service
75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami FL 33149
(305) 361-4569

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: The Moonwrasse Program
Date: Tue, 9 Jul 2002 11:30:52 +0100
From: "William Templeman" <moonwrasse2001@yahoo.co.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I would like to announce the imminent launch of an environmental
organisation whose aim it is to protect the coral reef in areas where it is
under threat from intensive diving and tourism.

Moonwrasse will be encouraging dive operators to adopt an environmental code
of practice to prevent actions such as the use of anchors over reefs,
'curio' collecting and ensure proper streamlining and weighting of divers.

We will also be developing an educational programme aimed at fostering an
interest in ecology in those that already dive which will solicit support
for current environmental initiatives and hopefully lead to new ones being
developed.

We would be grateful for any input into this programme and if you would like
some further information please email moonwrasse2001@yahoo.co.uk

As we will be a membership organisation we hope to link those of our members
who wish to get involved with research programmes with institutions that
require voluntary support. If your organisation fits into this criteria
please let us know and we would be happy to act as a go-between.

Yours sincerely
William Templeman

Subject: C-NAV / AIMS
Date: Tue, 09 Jul 2002 21:26:18 +0800
From: donbjr <donbjr@tm.net.my>
To: Coral-L <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello Coral-L,

Anyone having problems in loading AIMS "C-NAV???"

I seem to be able to load on my reg. big PC..but not/nada my field notebook
PC.  I keep getting the "This program has performed an illegal operation and
will be shut down" on a Netscape mini-window.

Why on earth would AIMS decide to use 'Netscape' as a base ops program at
all?  Why not their own program?

If this is the case, perhaps I should simply write my own program then ...if
I have all the Photos, etc.?

Any thoughts about my useless "C-Nav?"   Sorry...not willing to lug my big
PC out to the field.................:)

And...I do not use Netscape as my dedicated Browser since MSN became so much
better.... Maybe MS has a way to cause problems with "C-NAV?"

And...I have eliminated ALL prior Netscape programs & Quicktime from my
notebook... The PC shop says to reformat my HD!!!!   No Way!!!!! Not for
50.00$AusD.....

Cheers,
Don

Subject: Environmental Specialist Position
Date: Tue, 9 Jul 2002 17:49:36 -0400
From: "Roberts, Stacy B." <Stacy.B.Roberts@dep.state.fl.us>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Florida Department of Environmental Protection is seeking applicants
for an Environmental Specialist III position in the Joint Coastal Permitting
Section of
the Bureau of Beaches and Wetland Resources.  The position description and
contact information is given below:

JOA #: 02- 239
Posting Date: July 8, 2002
24-Hour Job Line 850/487-0436
OPEN COMPETITIVE
TITLE: Environmental Specialist III (4812)
POSITION #: 10958
LOCATION: Tallahassee (LEON)
PAY GRADE: 024
PAY RANGE: $3,137.12 to $5,259.79 MONTHLY

MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS: A bachelor's degree from an accredited college or
university with a major in one of the physical or natural sciences or
engineering and three years of professional experience in environmental
protection, regulation or health; one of the physical or natural sciences;
or
engineering; or A master's degree from an accredited college or university
in
one of the physical or natural sciences or engineering and two years of
professional experience as described above; or A doctorate from an
accredited
college or university in one of the physical or natural sciences or
engineering; or Two years of experience as an Environmental Specialist I or
higher with the State of Florida. Professional experience in environmental
protection, regulation or health; one of the physical or natural sciences;
or
engineering can substitute on a year-for-year basis for the required college
education.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS: Maintain a valid driver's license, operate a vehicle
and open-water SCUBA certification.

SPECIAL NOTE: This is a time Limited position while the incumbent is on
active military duty.

APPLY TO:
Martin Seeling, Environmental Administrator
3900 Commonwealth Boulevard Room 192
Mail Station 300
Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3000
(850) 487-4471 ext 104 SunCom 277-4471 ext 104

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF JOB DUTIES: The primary responsibility of this position
is to conduct the review of applications for Joint Coastal Permits (JCP),
Environmental Resources Permits (ERP), Wetland Resource Permits (WRP), and
authorizations to use sovereign submerged lands for coastal construction
activities, including beach nourishment, maintenance dredging of shipping
channels, and public fishing piers. This requires a background in marine
biology and SCUBA certification. Experience in permit processing is
preferred.

REQUIRED-ENTRY LEVEL KNOWLEDGE, SKILL(s) & ABILITIES: Knowledge and skill in
marine or estuarine ecology. Ability to process permit applications
according
to statutes, rules, and procedures. Ability to meet statutory time clocks
and
internal deadlines. Ability to collect, analyze, evaluate, and interpret
scientific and technical data. Ability to deal with the public in a tactful
and courteous manner. Ability to effectively communicate verbally and in
writing. Ability to plan and conduct field inspections. Ability to prepare
technical reports. Knowledge of personal computers. Ability to use software
for word processing and GIS. Ability to travel, including single and
multi-day trips. Skill in driving a car and SCUBA diving; and ability to
maintain a valid driver's license and open-water SCUBA certification.
Ability
to understand and implement Florida's water quality standards.

*****************************************************************************
********************************************************

NOTE: Males 18-26 years of age who are or were required to register with the
U. S. Selective Service and have not done so are ineligible for employment
or
promotion.
NOTE: New hires are normally at base of salary range.
                To apply, submit a State of Florida Employment Application
to
the individual whose name appears above by the application deadline date of:
                JULY 22, 2002

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: CanAmerica'sGroupersBeSaved?
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2002 12:32:42 -0400
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
Reply-To: a_stone@reefkeeper.org
Organization: ReefKeeper International
To: info@reefguardian.org

******************************************
*        R E E F  D I S P A T C H        *
*               July, 2002               *
* _____________________________________  *
*          ARE WE GOING TO LET           *
*          AMERICA'S  GROUPERS           *
*        BE DRIVEN TO EXTINCTION?        *
******************************************

A Periodic Inside Look at a Coral Reef Issue from
Alexander Stone, ReefGuardian International Director
__________________________________________________

Dear Friend of Reef Fish:

America's groupers are in deep trouble.  And I'm writing to ask you to
help pull them out by signing on to ReefGuardian International's Save
Our Groupers petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html

Practically all grouper species for which usable data is available are
officially recognized to be in BIG trouble.  Three federal regional
fishery management councils are responsible for 15 grouper species in
the Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, and U.S. Caribbean.  Of those 15
managed species, TEN have been designated "vulnerable to extinction" by
the American Fisheries Society. And red grouper may not be considered
vulnerable to extinction (yet) but it IS classified in one or more
regions as overfished. In fact, ONLY 4 of the 15 managed grouper species
(misty grouper, yellowfin grouper, red hind and rock hind) are not known
to be in serious decline in one region or another -- and that may be
simply because enough data is not available yet!

Is it any wonder then that Goliath grouper and Nassau grouper stocks
show no signs of recovery after years of supposed "rebuilding"?  That
Gulf of Mexico male gag groupers are down to 1% of the population? Or
that grouper catches continue to plummet dramatically in the U.S.
Caribbean?

Bottom line, the future looks REALLY BLEAK for America's groupers --
unless something is done soon.  And that's where you and I come in by
signing on to ReefGuardian International's Save Our Groupers petition
at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html

The numbers of groupers being taken has got to be reduced -- so
ReefGuardian has formally asked for at least 10% to 20% reductions in
the Total Allowable Catch of these key reef fish.  Groupers have to be
given a chance to reproduce, or else their populations are never going
to recover -- so ReefGuardian has formally asked for 2-month spawning
season closures and site-specific spawning aggregation protection for
each grouper species.  And the most seriously depleted stocks need to be
left alone to recover -- so ReefGuardian has formally asked for
continuation of existing no-take protections for goliath groupers,
Nassau groupers, and Gulf male gag groupers.

Our formal requests are now before the Regional Fishery Management
Councils for the Gulf of Mexico, South Atlantic, and U.S. Caribbean. And
ReefGuardian Conservation Associates are working hard to convince
Council members to approve our requests. But those decision-makers also
need to hear from you.

If you believe, as we do, that there can be NO EXCUSE for driving
America's groupers to extinction, let federal regulators know by signing
on to ReefGuardian International's Save Our Groupers petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html

We'll submit your petition to all 3 Councils and keep the pressure on to
save America's groupers.  But please sign on to the petition now --
while we still have a chance to turn things around.

Thanks for caring,

Alexander Stone
Executive Director
ReefGuardian International
***************************
http://www.reefguardian.org
***************************
For more information on the status of America's groupers, go to:
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/MoreInfoGRP.html
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Postdoctoral Fellowships
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2002 12:33:20 -0400
From: Dennis Hanisak <Hanisak@HBOI.edu>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Postdoctoral Fellowships at Harbor Branch

Five eighteen-month postdoctoral fellowships are offered at Harbor Branch
Oceanographic Institution in the following areas:  aquaculture, biomedical
marine research, marine biology/biological oceanography, marine mammal
research, and ocean engineering.  Application deadline for the 2003-2004
fellowships is September 9, 2002. Positions start January 1, 2003.
Information and application material can be found at:
http://www.hbeducation.org/pro.html

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Zoanthid Taxonomic Keys
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2002 14:21:05 -0400
From: "Sam Jones" <sjones@wcs.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Colleagues,

        Can anyone recommend a taxonomic key or other sources for the
identification of zoanthids (Order Zoanthidea) ?  Despite several
literature searches, I have been unable to locate such a guide.

 Thank you in advance,
 Sam Jones

 Manager, Ex Situ Coral Conservation Research Laboratory
 Wildlife Conservation Society
 The New York Aquarium
 Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences
 Boardwalk at West 8th St.
 Brooklyn, NY 11224
~~~~~~~
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Subject: GBR Bleaching - final summary
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 01:00:50 +1000
From: Paul Marshall <p.marshall@gbrmpa.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, acrs-list@jcu.edu.au

Dear colleagues

Most of you will be aware the Great Barrier reef experienced a mass
coral bleaching event early this year. This event was more severe than
the event of 1998. This makes the bleaching event of 2002 the worst ever
recorded for the GBR.

In response to this event, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
implemented a comprehensive survey of coral bleaching in collaboration
with AIMS, CRC Reef and NOAA. A summary of this program and an overview
of the bleaching event is now available on the GBRMPA web site (under
"Hot Topics"):
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/

Below is a brief summary of the results of the program:

* Underwater surveys found that few reefs had completely escaped the
effects of coral bleaching. However, the majority of reefs appear likely
to survive the bleaching event with only minimal coral death. Extensive
mortality was recorded on only a few of the inshore reefs surveyed,
where up to 90% of corals were dead.

* The first signs of substantial bleaching were reported in January
2002. The worst of the bleaching event was over by April 2002.

* Aerial surveys found that coral bleaching was evident from the air at
almost 60% of the 641 reefs surveyed. Inshore reefs were more severely
affected by bleaching, as was the case in 1998. However, in 2002 many
offshore reefs were also affected.

* The effects of bleaching were highly variable, varying from negligible
to severe, even between reefs that were similar distances offshore.
Bleaching was generally most severe in shallower water, and strong
patterns of species susceptibilities were generally evident across the
sites surveyed.

* Further surveys are planned for later in 2002 when the fate of corals
that bleached during the Summer will be studied further.

* Should warm water events increase in severity, duration, or frequency
in the future, coral bleaching is likely to become increasingly severe
on the GBR.

We are continuing to analyse and interpret data collected from this
event and will add additional information as it becomes available.

We would like to offer special thanks to our partners in this monitoring
program, especially NOAA, AIMS and the CRC Reef, and to the many
individuals who submitted bleaching reports to our Online Bleaching
Reporting Program.

regards

Paul Marshall
Research & Monitoring Coordination
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: RE: ring-shaped lesions on A. palmata
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2002 10:56:38 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: "'Dana Williams'" <Dana.Williams@noaa.gov>,
     coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: James D Williams <jim_williams@usgs.gov>,
     Strawn Toler <stoler@seas.marine.usf.edu>,
     Dan Davis <ddavis@aldenlab.com>

Dana:

I cannot access the web page you posted and so I have not seen your photos,
but it sounds like the response to spot biting by the yellowtail damselfish
(Microspathodon chrysurus).  These are typically white in color, circular
and about the size of a US half dollar coin.  They generally heal with time.
You may want to contact Andy Bruckner for more info.

cheers,

Bill


William F. Precht, P.G.
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
2001 NW 107th Avenue
Miami, FL  33172
305-592-7275
fax:305-594-9574
1-800-597-7275
bprecht@pbsj.com

-----Original Message-----
From: Dana Williams [mailto:Dana.Williams@noaa.gov]
Sent: Monday, July 08, 2002 3:13 PM
To: coral list
Cc: James D Williams; Strawn Toler; Dan Davis
Subject: ring-shaped lesions on A. palmata

Coral-Listers,
At Molasses Reef in the Florida Keys, I recently observed a patch of
approximately 15 Acropora palmata colonies which had numerous
ring-shaped lesions, only 2 or 3 smaller colonies in this patch were
lacking these distinct "rings".
Scars that were identical in appearance were photographed by Margaret
Miller on one or two A. palmata colonies as well as some Millepora
complanata in August 1999 at Pickles Reef (several miles south of
Molasses Reef).
Figures of these scars and additional observations can be viewed at:
http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/REEFNEW/coral_reef.htm (click on the link at
the top of the page, "ring-shaped scars on Acropora palmata from
Molasses Reef")

These colonies are being monitored to determine the fate of these
lesions but I would appreciate any insight into the cause of these marks
and the prognosis for the affected colonies.

Dana

--
Dana E. Williams, Ph.D.
Post Doctoral Associate
National Marine Fisheries Service
75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami FL 33149
(305) 361-4569

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Subject: Sand Production on Carbonate Coasts
Date: Thu, 11 Jul 2002 11:55:41 -1000
From: Chip Fletcher <fletcher@soest.hawaii.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Aloha Reef Colleague,

The next "Coastal Sediments" research conference is scheduled for May, 2003
in Clearwater Beach, Florida. A number of significant technical sessions
are planned in all aspects of coastal sediment processes.

This is a special appeal to the small subset of you that study carbonate
sediment. Please consider submitting an abstract of your research for the
Technical Session "Sand Production on Carbonate Coasts". Papers covering
all aspects of carbonate sediment budgets a (sand production, flux, storage
and fate) are invited. Carbonate sand history is uniquely traceable through
various tools such as radiocarbon dating, isotopic measurements and of
course linkages to original biologic production rates. We would like to
hear about your research in these areas.

Abstracts are due September 01, 2002.
Details of the meeting can be found at http://www.coastalsediments.net/

Chip Fletcher
Professor
University of Hawaii
Department of Geology and Geophysics
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/coasts/cgg_main.html

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Subject: White pox disease
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 10:52:08 -0400
From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

For those of you interested in the recent media hoopla over the bacteria
Serratia marcescens causing white pox in Acropora palmata may enjoy the
background of this common microbe. It is described at the following
website. http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/microbes/serratia.html

------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
|
E. A. Shinn
email  eshinn@usgs.gov
USGS Center for Coastal Geology     |
600 4th St. South                   | voice  (727) 803-8747 x3030
St.Petersburg, FL  33701            | fax    (727) 803-2032
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------

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Subject: A palmata rings/new website
Date: Fri, 12 Jul 2002 11:36:59 -0400
From: "Dana Williams" <Dana.Williams@noaa.gov>
Organization: RSMAS/CIMAS
To: coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi all- The link to the images I mentioned before has changed:
http://199.242.233.4/HTMLdocs/MolassesReef.htm
The Southeast Fisheries Science Center launched its new website
(http://www.sefsc.noaa.gov/) yesterday making the old link invalid...
sorry for the inconvenience and hopefully there will be no difficulties
with the new link.
Also- a second survey of the rings on Wednesday showed that some seemed
to have disappeared (recovered normal color) and new ones have formed,
possibly supporting the diagnosis of "Ring-Bleaching" as suggested by
Andy Bruckner and Jaime Garzon Ferreria, and documented by Kobluk and
Lysenko (Bull Mar Sci, 541(1):142-150) in Bonaire 1992.

Dana

--
Dana E. Williams, Ph.D.
Post Doctoral Associate
National Marine Fisheries Service
75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami FL 33149
(305) 361-4569

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Subject: Microbial diseases of corals and global warming
Date: Sun, 14 Jul 2002 08:24:10 -0700 (PDT)
From: Yael Ben-Haim <yaelll@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers:

To those of you interested, our new minireview paper "Microbial diseases of
corals and global warming", by Eugene Rosenberg and Yael Ben-Haim has been
published (Environmental Microbiology 4(6):318-326), and can be read at the
following link:

http://www.blackwell-science.com/products/journals/freepdf/rosenberg.pdf

Best Regards,

Yael Ben-Haim

Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
Tel-Aviv University
Israel

Tel: (972) 3 6407627
Fax:(972) 3 6429377
additional e-mail: yaelbh@post.tau.ac.il



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Subject: Monitoring and management
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 2002 17:35:25 +1000
From: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

ITMEMS 2 - November 2002.

Dear Coralisters,

There will be a session on 'Monitoring to Facilitate Successful
Management'
at ITMEMS 2 (International Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium) 25 to
29
November 2002 in Manila.

Do you have any good case studies to discuss during a full day workshop.
We
are planning to discuss 2 sub-themes and also need people to serve on 2
panels for:

1. Case studies of coastal resource monitoring aiding resource
management
(both positive and negative examples would be valuable); and

2. Information and data provided to resource managers by different
methods
and protocols for coral reef monitoring.

Do you have any examples of 1. How your monitoring program has assisted
in
management of an MPA (or been ignored by the managers with possible poor
consequences); and for 2. What data the different methods of monitoring
provide e.g. levels of reliability, accuracy, costs and benefits, amount
of
training required etc.

Please provide a brief description to aid in setting up the programs. We
will be seeking funds to ensure that some people can attend.

Cheers

Clive

><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 7 4729 8452 or 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4729 8499
><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Position Available: NCORE Asst. Scientist
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 2002 15:29:47 -0400
From: "Cara Dickman" <cdickman@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Title:  Assistant Scientist, The National Center for Caribbean Coral
Reef Research (NCORE), Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric
Science, Univ. of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149

Qualifications:  Ph.D. in Earth Science and at least 1 year of work
experience. Field sampling experience required. Must have outstanding
communication skills.

Tasks:  Successful candidate will support research activities of NCORE
under the direction of the Center Director. S/He will assist the
Director with all aspects of Center operations including proposal
development for both governmental and non-governmental funding sources.
S/He will serve as Quality Assurance/ Quality Control (QA/QC) Officer
for all EPA funded Center research. Liaise with EPA Project Officer.
Draft and approve QA/QC Plans of principle investigators, conduct site
visits and reviews of on-going research to guarantee compliance with EPA
rules and regulations. Supervise Center employees. Write and/or compile
all reports and proposal addenda related to EPA funded research
projects. Coordinate with University officials to maintain the Centers
budget and ensure that stipulations controlling the allocation of funds
for research are satisfied. Plan and coordinate all aspects of
international coral reef science & management workshops hosted by the
center, including the production and distribution of meeting findings
and recommendations. Represent the Center at international meetings in
lieu of the Center Director.  Communicate the Centers positions on
coral reef science and management issues to funding and regulatory
agencies and the scientific community. Deliver lectures to scientific
audiences and the public on coral reef issues. Participate in occasional
field work. Successful candidate will be encouraged to author scientific
publications.

Salary: Commensurate with experience. Contact: Dr. John McManus,
305.361.4824, NCORE  The National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef
Research, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, Univ. of
Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149. Fax:
305.361.4910.  Email: cdickman@rsmas.miami.edu and
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu.

ANNOUNCEMENT PERIOD: 07/12/02 to 07/26/02.

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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Position Available: NCORE Asst. Scientist
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 02:26:11 -0700 (PDT)
From: Tom Williams <ctwiliams@yahoo.com>
To: Cara Dickman <cdickman@rsmas.miami.edu>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu

Ms. Dickman and J.McManus
I am responding to your advert. below for a position
in Florida.  I have attached my general resume and if
needed I can provide a more marine benthos oriented
resume, especially for Foraminifera.  I have no direct
experience in the Caribbean and most experience is in
California, Central/West Texas coast, SE Asia, Korea,
China/HK,Sri Lanka, Red Sea and now Arab/Persian Gulf
and Gulf of Oman.

I am presently employed in Dubai on the Palm Island
project.  I have been planning on returning to the US
for family reasons.

Thank You for your consideration.

Dr. Tom Williams
971-50-553-7217
971-4-399-1400
ctwiliams@yahoo.com

--- Cara Dickman <cdickman@rsmas.miami.edu> wrote:
Title:  Assistant Scientist, The National Center for
Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE), Rosenstiel
School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, Univ. of
Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149

Qualifications:  Ph.D. in Earth Science and at least
1 year of work experience. Field sampling experience
required. Must have outstanding communication skills.

 Tasks:  Successful candidate will support research
 activities of NCORE under the direction of the Center
Director. S/He will assist the Director with all
aspects of Center operations including proposal
development for both governmental and non-governmental
funding sources. S/He will serve as Quality Assurance/
Quality Control (QA/QC) Officer
 for all EPA funded Center research. Liaise with EPA
 Project Officer. Draft and approve QA/QC Plans of
principle investigators, conduct site visits and
reviews of on-going research to guarantee
 compliance with EPA rules and regulations. Supervise
Center employees.
Write and/or compile all reports and proposal addenda
related to EPA funded research projects. Coordinate
with University officials to maintain the Centers
budget and ensure that stipulations controlling the
allocation of funds for research are satisfied. Plan
and coordinate all aspects of international coral reef
science & management workshops hosted by the center,
including the production and distribution of
meeting findings and recommendations. Represent the
Center at international meetings in lieu of the Center
Director.  Communicate the Centers positions on
 coral reef science and management issues to funding
 and regulatory agencies and the scientific community.
Deliver lectures to scientific
 audiences and the public on coral reef issues.
Participate in occasional
field work. Successful candidate will be encouraged
to author scientific publications.
 Salary: Commensurate with experience. Contact: Dr.
John McManus, 305.361.4824, NCORE  The National
Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research, Rosenstiel
School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, Univ. of
Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida
33149. Fax: 305.361.4910            ANNOUNCEMENT
PERIOD: 07/12/02 to 07/26/02.

__________________________________________________
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Yahoo! Autos - Get free new car price quotes
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~~~~~~~
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Subject: rain tropical forest, mangrove, coral reef: productivity comparison
Date: Wed, 17 Jul 2002 20:16:05 +0200
From: "Salva" <salherra@ono.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral listers,

I am a Spanish zoologician currently preparing a divulgative conference
regarding my experience in 3 tropical fotosynthesis-fuelled ecosystems in
Chiapas (South Mexico): rain tropical forest, mangrove and coral reef.

In order to complement my talk I am searching for a paper comparing the
productivity and overall structure of the 3 ecosystems. Please any biblio
reference will be invaluable.

Many thanks. Salva

Salvador Herrando-Prez
Bilogo, MPhil BSc
Narrador literario

DOMICILIO
C/ Padre Jofre 19,piso 3, pta 7
12006 Castelln de la Plana
ESPAA

Telfonos: (34) 964 038845  / (34) 657 787340
Mail: salherra@ono.com / salherra@ctv.es / salherra@ull.es


Subject: Doctoral Fellowships at Lizard Island, Australia
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 14:41:42 +1000
From: "Lizard Island Research Station" <lirs@bigpond.com>
Reply-To: "Lizard Island Research Station" <lizard@austmus.gov.au>
To: "Coral - List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "ACRS- List" <ACRS-list@jcu.edu.au>

Lizard Island Doctoral Fellowships

Applications are invited for the 2003 Lizard Island Doctoral
Fellowships from people who are enrolled, or are about to become enrolled,

Subject: caribbean coral reefs locations
Date: Thu, 18 Jul 2002 09:13:09 +0200 (CEST)
From: Ivannah POTTIER <ivannahpottier@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral protein estimation
Date: Sat, 20 Jul 2002 16:56:30 +0300
From: Michal RARD <michael.rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

In Battey and Porter (1988) who work on Montastrea annularis protein
contents, B. Chalker suggests that the bovin serum albumin they have used as
standard underestimates protein per unit area by 33 %, but no other
explanations must be added.

Because I use the BSA as a standard too, any informations would be very
appreciated.
Many thanks for your help.
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm

Subject: Images for Reef Check's Five Year Report
Date: Tue, 23 Jul 2002 13:15:40 -0700
From: Reef Check Headquarters <rcheck@ucla.edu>
To: owner-coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov

Hello all,

Wondering if anyone happens to have the following images in a resolution of
at least 300dpi and larger then 2" x 2" in size??

Sea Cucumber
Flamingo Tongue
Triton

These will be used in Reef Check's five year report entitled "The Global
Coral Reef Crisis: Five Years of Reef Check." This will be released this
fall and distributed globally. Of course, the photographer will be credited
for their photo. These images are needed ASAP, so please contact me
immediately if you have images that we could use.

Hope you are having a great day!

Kelly
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Kelly McGee
Outreach Coordinator
Reef Check Headquarters
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall, Box 951496
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA
1-310-794-4985 (phone)
1-310-825-0758 (fax)
rcheck2@ucla.edu
www.reefcheck.org
Starfish are falling stars
who have landed in the sea

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Subject: Facilities Technician Position, Bahamas
Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 13:00:24 -0400
From: CMRC Human Resources <hr@cmrc.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Facilities Technician

Resident position for remote marine research center in Exuma, Bahamas,
operated by US non-profit
organization.  Responsible for facility maintenance, including
generators, electrical, HVAC, refrigeration,
R/O systems, small pumps & motors, heavy equipment and construction.
Boating, outboards, project
management and computer skills a plus. Competitive compensation package
includes housing, utilities,
travel, relocation, medical, retirement and other benefits. Submit
resume to: hr@cmrc.org, or fax to
561-741-0193

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Subject: A Possible Threat to the Marine Environment of Dominica
Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 22:48:07 EDT
From: MFrost9133@aol.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I have received permission from Alan Lowe to list this letter of concern
dated January 22, 2002.

I worked with Alan Lowe when I participated in a project in June of 2000 in
Dominica.  At that time he was leading the work at Applied Marine
Technologies.  I was a member of a project cosponsored by CEDAM and AMT.  We
placed two artificial reef balls offshore of Dominica and started 15 local
species of coral on one reef ball while leaving the other alone.  The coral
specimens had been propagated by a cloning procedure patented by Alan Lowe.

A year later, in June of 2001, there had been healthy growth of the
propagated corals.
I have been in correspondence with Alan Lowe during the past year and am
concerned about the conditions at AMT.  I am hoping that someone reading
this
notice can suggest some action which would check out the conditions at
present.

Mary Lou Frost

* * * * * * *
Notice of Environmental Concern
regarding
Applied Marine Technologies Limited
January 22, 2002
by
Alan Lowe

I Alan Lowe am the inventor of the technology used to propagate coral at
AMT.
I am also the architect for the pumping systems used at AMT. As inventor and
designer I have first hand knowledge of the proper method of operation of
the
environmental safety constraints at the facility. I am writing this letter
because I have great concerns about the current management at AMT with sole
respect to their ability to properly operate the systems while keeping the
environment the first and uttermost concern.

I traveled to the United States on December 21, 2001 and returned to
Dominica
on January 15, 2002. On the evening of January 15, 2002 a group of people
took control of the facility on the orders of the lead investor. I
personally
know the lead investor and I can attest that he has no knowledge of the
proper operation of the facility. Under his direction several former
employees were rehired to operate the farm. As I am familiar with all
employees I can state that I do not believe any of these employees have
adequate knowledge of the proper operation of the facility.

The equipment that guards the safety of the Dominican environment must be
kept in perfect working order to ensure no foreign corals or other organisms
are allowed to enter the natural environment. My observations of the
facility
lead me to believe that all of the environmental protection devices are not
in operation with the possible exception of the Ultra Violet light
sterilizers. (Please note that the UV sterilizers do not sterilize the
return
to the environment effluent water but only treat that water leaving the
propagation tanks and returning to the large pools.)

Not in operation according to my observations as of 1/27/2002 are:
1. The effluent water ozone device
2. The fresh water mixer that dramatically reduces the salinity of the
effluent water causing cellular osmotic shock to salt water creatures
3. The containment of the non-indigenous corals has been breech by
intermingled use of hoses and bucketing of water from the containment tanks
to the rest of the system.

Currently visible in the regular system is a flat worm that I believe is
known as Convolutriloba retrogemma. This I have strong belief is an
Indonesian flat worm. I have been told it is now throughout the system.
I Alan Lowe can no longer be affiliated with AMT. I essentially have not had
any say in the day to day operation of the facility since December 2001. At
this time I am unsure of the safety of the natural environment and as a
strong urgent suggestion and environmental precaution, I would suggest that
the entire system be shut down and all tanks, hoses, pipes and pools be
sterilized to ensure the containment of the flat worms and any other
non-indigenous but yet unseen creatures which may have been allowed to
contaminate the entire system. It should be noted that if my identification
of the flat worms is correct they can quickly bloom into tremendous numbers
a
nd they contain a chemical that makes them toxic to predators. Since they
may
be foreign to Dominica this should cause great environmental concern.

Signed

Alan Lowe
CDOM1@aol.com
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Subject: Re: A Possible Threat to the Marine Environment of Dominica
Date: Wed, 24 Jul 2002 23:26:44 EDT
From: EricHugo@aol.com
To: MFrost9133@aol.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, John_Field@FWS.GOV,
     Andy.Bruckner@noaa.gov

Mary Lou, Alan, and list:

Having just returned from Dominica and doing surveys in the field and
speaking with staff, governing bodies, and visiting the facility with John
Fields and Andy Bruckner, I can assure interested parties that we will be in
communication with each other about this post and will make another post to
the list very soon. A report to the facility and to the Dominican government
is in progress.

It should be noted, however, that there is apparently an extensive amount
of"bad blood" between Mr. Lowe and the current interested parties.  The
Indo-Pacific corals that remain at the facility were scheduled to be
exported
from Dominica, if they have not already been sent.  Those corals were also
in
separate systems from any Caribbean corals, all Dominican collected to our
knowledge, with no mixing of water to the other systems or the coastal area,
and there were no plans to continue any holding of I-P corals for any
purpose
in the future.

While our field surveys were not exhaustive, they were extensive around the
area, and we saw no evidence of I-P introductions, including flatworms.  C.
retrogramma was also not notably present in any of the systems, and we
examined many of the tanks closely, including substrates and corals. This
does not mean that they were not in the systems, nor does it mean
introduction of this organism, or any other, including microbes, has not
happened. But if any introductions have occurred, it would be nearly
impossible in my mind to assert responsibility to either Mr. Lowe's term
with
the facility or the current operating body.

The current owners and staff are eager to work with all appropriate bodies
in
its proper opertion, and I feel comfortable saying that all current and any
future efforts by that facility will hopefully address these issues of
concern.  We saw no evidence of any danger to the Dominican environment
resulting from the current operation of that facility, potential
improvements
notwithstanding.

Furthermore, we saw no evidence of any unique or special cloning procedure
that could be constured as advanced technology or proprietary, except
perhaps
for the X-shape of the substrate used for fragment attachement.  The corals
present in the systems, including ones that were "cloned" during Mr. Lowe's
tenure, and being propagated were simply mechanically fragmented and affixed
to an artifical substrate using glue or ties for grow out - the same method
that thousands of aquarists use on a daily basis.

Eric Hugo Borneman

University of Houston
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Division of Ecology and Evolution
Houston TX 77204
EBorneman@uh.edu
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Subject: tidal effects on nutrients in coral reefs ??
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 09:27:31 +0300
From: Michal RARD <michael.rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi coral-lister,

Sorry to disturb the unconcerned people.
One point of my thesis is to see the effect of the tide on the water
chemistry (pH, alkalinity, salinity, nutrients, organic matter content) in
our reefs in Reunion Island.

And the problem is that I have very difficuties to find some references on
this subject.
Any references or reprints on this kind would be very nice.

I hope you'l have a great nice day, and many thanks for your help.
Best regards,
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm

Subject: moray eels density
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 14:34:43 +0000
From: Marianne Gilbert <marianne2@ekno.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Hello listers,

I am currently writing up my Masters' project on moray eel ecology
and habitat use in Barbados.  I am trying to find more density
estimates for species of morays from the Caribbean and a description
of the habitat and how these densities were obtained for comparative
purposes.  Morays are often thought to be hard to census and when
they are, they usually appear to be underestimated.  For this reason,
many censuses that recorded several species tend to exclude morays
from papers or they are lumped with other species making it hard to
find density estimates from UVCs in the literature.  Also, rotenone
samples are often taken but without mention of the total area
sampled, therefore not providing density measures.  However, I would
still be interested in getting estimates of abundance from such
method, especially if the approximate area sampled is known.

Please reply to me directly at marianne2@ekno.com if you have such
data and would be willing to share them.  That would be a great help!

Thanks,

Marianne

Marianne Gilbert
MSc Student  ><>
Department of Biology
McGill University
Now back from Barbados! <>><
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Subject: Post-doc/research tech position at UVI
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 11:12:27 -0400
From: "Donna Nemeth" <dnemeth@coralworldvi.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Please reply directly to Dr. Richard Nemeth as indicated below:

Postdoctoral and Research Technician Positions Available with the
University of the Virgin Islands,
Center for Marine and Environmental Studies, St. Thomas, USVI

Project Description

The University of the Virgin Islands Center for Marine and
Environmental
Studies is conducting a study of grouper spawning aggregations around
the
Virgin Islands.  Spawning aggregation sites are typically located within
a
few kilometers of the southern or northern edge of the insular platform
along well-developed deep coral reefs (20 to 45 m). One aggregation site
under study has been protected from fishing for over 10 years and has
shown
dramatic improvement in the number and size of spawning red hind
(Epinephelus guttatus). A second spawning aggregation site to be
evaluated
is used by yellowfin (Mycteroperca venenosa) and possibly Nassau (E.
striatus) groupers. This site has been heavily fished but is being
considered for closure. The objectives of this research will be to: 1)
locate the primary spawning aggregation sites of several grouper species
inside and outside protected areas, 2) establish baseline breeding
population parameters (i.e. spawning density, breeding population size
structure, sex ratios), 3) document movement patterns of the breeding
population through telemetry and anchor tagging studies, 4) conduct a
tag
retention study, and 5) characterize the physical and biological
features of
primary grouper spawning habitats and other coral reef areas using video
transects and other methods.

Location: St. Thomas, USVI
Application Due: August 15, 2002
Start Date: September 1, 2002 or until filled
Duration: 18 months for post doc and 12 months for res. tech. (Both
positions may be extended depending upon the availability of funding).

Annual Compensation: Post-doc ($30,000), Research Technician ($24,000)

Qualifications
Post-doc: Completed Ph.D. in marine science or related field with a
minimum
of three years marine field research experience;
Research technician: Completed M.S. degree in marine science or related
field with a minimum of two years marine field research experience.
Both candidates must have knowledge of marine fauna and flora of the
Caribbean and experience with scientific lab and field operations.
Candidates must be certified SCUBA divers with training in research
diving
techniques; be comfortable handling boats, and have a valid drivers
license.
Candidates must have experience with tagging or telemetry studies and/or
coral reef ecology, have good writing skills and be familiar with common
word processing, spreadsheet, statistical, graphing and image analysis
programs (e.g. Word, Excel, Systat, Sigma Plot, Adobe Photoshop, Image
Pro).
Nitrox certification is required but successful candidates will be
trained
to use nitrox if not certified.

Duties
Successful candidates will work with Principal Investigators to assess
grouper spawning aggregations sites off the coast of St. Thomas USVI.
Primary responsibilities of Post-doc include supervising and working
with
research technicians during field operations and laboratory work.  Field
operations include long hours operating boats in waters 7-10 miles
off-shore, conducting visual counts of fish and benthic assessments on
SCUBA, conducting tag and release program using hook and line and fish
traps, tracking groupers using telemetry and conducting tag retention
study.
Laboratory work includes fecundity estimates using ovaries and
estimating
fish age using otoliths, data entry and analysis of statistical and
video
data and report preparation. Applicants must be willing to conduct
occasional decompression dives using nitrox at depths of 120-140 feet.

All interested applicants should send a cover letter and CV with three
references to: rnemeth@uvi.edu with JOB APPLICATION in the subject line.
Or
mail application to Richard S. Nemeth, Director, Center for Marine and
Environmental Studies, MacLean Marine Science Center, University of the
Virgin Islands, St. Thomas USVI 00802-9990.

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Subject: Alternatives to remove Oil from ship wreck
Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2002 20:20:09 +0100
From: "elizabeth taylor" <elizabetht@coralina.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coralisters,

Can someone help us come up with some alternatives or ideas to remove
aprox. 80 tons of fuel oil IFO 120 that remains on a salt cargo ship
(M/N CHIOS FIGHTER) that went  aground on a coral reef at the Queena
Bank, Archipelago of San Andres, Western Caribbean, Colombia in 1998.

The local and national authorities are discussing about how to remove
this fuel safely to avoid any additional damage to coral reefs. They
came up with three different alternatives:

1. In-Situ Burning
2. Biostimulation, using bacteria.
3. Mechanical Extraction by pumping the fuel to another vessel, which
seems very risky, if one consider the proximity to the reef and the wave
action.

Thanks for your help and recommendations,

Best regards,

Elizabeth Taylor
Chief Environmental Management
CORALINA
San Luis Road
San Andres Island
Colombia
Tel: 57-85128273
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Subject: artificial reef buildibg using electric
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 2002 13:06:53 +0200
From: Patrick Steinmann <patrick@access.unizh.ch>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral listers,

I'm looking for information and literature about artificial coral reefs
growing on electrified metal constructions.  Is there really a faster
stone coral recruitment and / or coral growth on such structures? If so,
what are the reasons for this? Are there differences in coral species
diversity between electrified and not electrified structures?

Many thanks!
Patrick
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Subject: Panama bleaching
Date: Mon, 29 Jul 2002 13:37:19 -0400
From: "Marilyn Brandt" <mbrandt@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

During the June 11-15th Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA)
expedition to the Archipilago de Bocas del Toro in northwestern Panam,
bleached stony corals were noted in shallow reefs near Islas Aqua,
Bastimentos and Popa, at Cayo Coral, Cayos Zapatilla and, most
dramatically, at Tobobo on the eastern side of the Pennsula Valiente.
(please see link for photos: http://www.coral.noaa.gov/agra/).  However,
we observed no bleaching from June 16-28 further east on reefs located
in the western area of the Kuna Yala.

The preliminary results of our quantitative assessments are as follows:
Cayos Zapatilla A (N 9 16.366', W 82 3.956'), depth 12 m., live stony
coral cover  ~28%; ~23% of the stony corals that were >10 cm in diameter
(including Acropora palmata and Porites astreoides) exhibited pale to
complete bleaching.

Cayos Zapatilla B (N 9 25.399', W 82 19.45') depth 0.52m, live stony
coral cover ~10%; ~22% of the >10 cm stony corals (including Montastrea
annularis, Millepora alcicornis, and P. astreoides) were pale to
completely bleached. A. palmata was present but no bleaching was noted;
approximately half of these colonies were "old standing dead."

Tobobo (N 9 6.454', W 81 49.351' and 9 6.374', W 81 49.245'), 1-4 m,
live stony coral cover ~25-40%;partial to complete bleaching affected
~50% of the >10 cm corals, primarily Acropora palmata and M. complanata,
and was particularly conspicuous at <2m.

Shallow reefs in the Bocas del Toro area experienced extremely low tides
in early June (from 12 cm on June 1 to 6 cm on June 4). Seawater
temperature was unusually warm and its salinity was unusually low at
permanent reef survey sites near the Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institutes Bocas del Toro research station on June 12 (Arturo Dominici,
pers. comm.). Hence bleaching may have been initiated by stresses
associated with high temperatures, low salinity and exposure. Enhanced
radiation might also have contributed offshore in the Cayos Zapatilla
and at Tobobo, but is less likely closer to Bocas del Toro where
seawater is routinely discolored by the presence of dissolved organic
molecules.

During the last month, bleaching has extended to depths of 5m (but no
deeper) and affected the giant anemone, Condylactis gigantea, in
addition to stony corals (Javier Jara, pers. comm.). A lens of fresh
water has been floating near the surface in the area of Bocas del Toro,
and extreme low tides (from -9 to -12 cm) occurred again from July 9 to
July 15th.

Marilyn Brandt, Judith Lang, Juan Mat, and Robert Ginsburg for the
PANAGRRA field team, which also included Jorge Andrve, Arcadio
Castillo, Cam Hernndez, Ken Marks and Ryan Moyer.

Sponsored by the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines Ocean Fund and the Ocean
Research and Education Foundation. We are grateful to the Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute, in particular the Caption and crew of the
RV Urraca and the staff at the Bocas del Toro research, station for
assistance in the field.

Marilyn E. Brandt
National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, FL 33149

Ph. 305.361.4827     Fx. 305.361.4910
website: www.NCOREmiami.org

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Subject: ARKive/CITES online Guide to CITES-listed corals
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 08:27:01 -0400
From: "Becky Seeley" <Becky.Seeley@wildscreen.org.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral-listers,
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

I am working on a project called ARKive. This is an initiative of The
Wildscreen Trust, an educational charity based in England, which aims to
create the world's first digital library of endangered species. It will
be accessible via the internet for educational and scientific purposes,
helping raise public awareness about the value of biodiversity and the
need to conserve it. The current holding page is www.arkive.org.uk for
more information about the project.

I am responsible for the research and development of a pilot project
regarding CITES-listed corals between DEFRA (The Department of
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) and ARKive. This  aims to improve
public understanding regarding the CITES convention and coral species in
international trade, and also to provide an online identification
resource for customs officers.

I am currently looking images of live, dead, wild or captive specimens
and particularly images of coral artefacts such as jewellery, carving
and curios, or coral trade. I am particularly keen to find images of
Heliopora coerulea, Nemenzophyllia turbida, Heliofungia, Catalaphyllia
jardinei and Seriatopora spp.  I am also hoping to find experts who are
willing to referee text (2-3 A4 pages per taxa)and/or verify images of
the following Genera; Pocillopora, Goniopora, Seriatopora,
Nemenzophyllia, Catalaphyllia, Porites, and Millepora.

Any help would be most appreciated, please do not hesitate to contact me
if you require further information regarding either ARKive or the coral
project.

I would like to take this opportunity thank all those who have already
kindly supported this project by donating their images or time.

Regards

Becky Seeley

ARKive Researcher
The Wildscreen Trust
Anchor Road, Bristol BS1 5TT, UK
Direct line: +44 (0)117 915 7236
Fax: +44 (0)117 915 7105

The Wildscreen Trust manages the Wildscreen Festival of Moving Images
from the Natural World and is developing ARKive, a digital library of
images of the world's endangered species.
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Subject: Re: Panama bleaching
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 12:56:47 -0400
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Marilyn Brandt <mbrandt@rsmas.miami.edu>
CC: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Marilyn et al.,

NOAA's Coral Reef Watch Program shows "degree heating weeks" reached
levels of barely "3" in the Atlantic off Panama this past
June...certainly
enough for some spotty bleaching but hopefully not enough accumulation
of thermal
stress for significant mortality....

http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhwa.7.30.2002.gif

Our first hint of HotSpots in the Atlantic off Panama begin June 10th!:

http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotw.6.10.2002.gif

One piece of GOOD news is that much the tropical Atlantic is cooler this
summer:

http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html

Cheers,
Al

Marilyn Brandt wrote:

> During the June 11-15th Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA)
> expedition to the Archipilago de Bocas del Toro in northwestern Panam,
> bleached stony corals were noted in shallow reefs near Islas Aqua,
> Bastimentos and Popa, at Cayo Coral, Cayos Zapatilla and, most
> dramatically, at Tobobo on the eastern side of the Pennsula Valiente.
> (please see link for photos: http://www.coral.noaa.gov/agra/).  However,
> we observed no bleaching from June 16-28 further east on reefs located
> in the western area of the Kuna Yala.
>
> The preliminary results of our quantitative assessments are as follows:
> Cayos Zapatilla A (N 9 16.366', W 82 3.956'), depth 12 m., live stony
> coral cover  ~28%; ~23% of the stony corals that were >10 cm in diameter
> (including Acropora palmata and Porites astreoides) exhibited pale to
> complete bleaching.
>
> Cayos Zapatilla B (N 9 25.399', W 82 19.45') depth 0.52m, live stony
> coral cover ~10%; ~22% of the >10 cm stony corals (including Montastrea
> annularis, Millepora alcicornis, and P. astreoides) were pale to
> completely bleached. A. palmata was present but no bleaching was noted;
> approximately half of these colonies were "old standing dead."
>
> Tobobo (N 9 6.454', W 81 49.351' and 9 6.374', W 81 49.245'), 1-4 m,
> live stony coral cover ~25-40%;partial to complete bleaching affected
> ~50% of the >10 cm corals, primarily Acropora palmata and M. complanata,
> and was particularly conspicuous at <2m.
>
> Shallow reefs in the Bocas del Toro area experienced extremely low tides
> in early June (from 12 cm on June 1 to 6 cm on June 4). Seawater
> temperature was unusually warm and its salinity was unusually low at
> permanent reef survey sites near the Smithsonian Tropical Research
> Institutes Bocas del Toro research station on June 12 (Arturo Dominici,
> pers. comm.). Hence bleaching may have been initiated by stresses
> associated with high temperatures, low salinity and exposure. Enhanced
> radiation might also have contributed offshore in the Cayos Zapatilla
> and at Tobobo, but is less likely closer to Bocas del Toro where
> seawater is routinely discolored by the presence of dissolved organic
> molecules.
>
> During the last month, bleaching has extended to depths of 5m (but no
> deeper) and affected the giant anemone, Condylactis gigantea, in
> addition to stony corals (Javier Jara, pers. comm.). A lens of fresh
> water has been floating near the surface in the area of Bocas del Toro,
> and extreme low tides (from -9 to -12 cm) occurred again from July 9 to
> July 15th.
>
> Marilyn Brandt, Judith Lang, Juan Mat, and Robert Ginsburg for the
> PANAGRRA field team, which also included Jorge Andrve, Arcadio
> Castillo, Cam Hernndez, Ken Marks and Ryan Moyer.
>
> Sponsored by the Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines Ocean Fund and the Ocean
> Research and Education Foundation. We are grateful to the Smithsonian
> Tropical Research Institute, in particular the Caption and crew of the
> RV Urraca and the staff at the Bocas del Toro research, station for
> assistance in the field.
>
> Marilyn E. Brandt
> National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)
> University of Miami
> 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
> Miami, FL 33149
>
> Ph. 305.361.4827     Fx. 305.361.4910
> website: www.NCOREmiami.org
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad

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--------------377F0BD8FA8A73ED73AD2663--

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Subject: Use of massive Porites
Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 12:05:29 +1200
From: "Ron Devine Vave" <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>
To: "coral list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Bula (hello) coral listers!

Something that has been happening in Fiji for quite some time now (order
of years) is the use of massive Porites colonies in soakage pits or septic
tanks, with the idea that the longevity of the septic tank life increases
significantly, because the porous skeleton of the massive corals sucks in
the fluids and leaves dry matter.

As a budding marine biologist, I am always saddened by this activity,
which is a result of the removal of dead (before) and now live massive
Porites (long lived) colonies for this purpose.

Is there any truth in this?
Any scientific studies to this effect, in comparison to other materials?
Are there any alternatives to the use of massive, long lived porites?

one such suggestion that I've been told of is the use of grass that have
been cut from the gardens or compound, to be placed at the bottom of the
septic tank or soakage pits after mixing with rubble/gravel?

Thank you all in advance for your help.

Cheers,

Ron Devine Vave
Postgraduate student
C/-Marine Studies Program,
University of the South Pacific,
Suva, Fiji Islands.
------------------
MSP: (679) 3212871
Cellular: (679) 9974313
Fax: (679) 3301490
------------------

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Subject: Re: Use of massive Porites
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 03:06:20 +0100 (BST)
From: Abigail Moore <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>
To: Ron Devine Vave <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>,
     coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

 Dear Ron and coral-listers
I do not have the answer to your question, but would
like to say that the practice of using massive corals
for sceptic tanks is not limited to Fiji.

In Sulawesi, Indonesia it is also a common practice,
both because the material is free or very cheap
compared to alternatives (such as red brick), and
because people really do believe it is more effective
due to it's structure/porosity.

It is sad that increased awareness of sanitation
should lead to increased destruction of coral reefs.

We also would be very interested to hear of any data
on the truth of it's effectiveness and of reasonably
priced/easily available alternatives which have been
proved to be as good or better.

All the best

Abigail

Abigail Moore MSc
Yayasan Adi Citra Lestari
Jl Setia Budi 14D
Palu 94111
Sulteng (Central Sulawesi)
Indonesia
tel/fax: +62 451 425284
email: abigailyacl@yahoo.com

--- Ron Devine Vave <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>
wrote: > Bula (hello) coral listers!
>
> Something that has been happening in Fiji for quite
> some time now (order
> of years) is the use of massive Porites colonies in
> soakage pits or septic
> tanks, with the idea that the longevity of the
> septic tank life increases
> significantly, because the porous skeleton of the
> massive corals sucks in
> the fluids and leaves dry matter.
>
> As a budding marine biologist, I am always saddened
> by this activity,
> which is a result of the removal of dead (before)
> and now live massive
> Porites (long lived) colonies for this purpose.
>
> Is there any truth in this?
> Any scientific studies to this effect, in comparison
> to other materials?
> Are there any alternatives to the use of massive,
> long lived porites?
>
> one such suggestion that I've been told of is the
> use of grass that have
> been cut from the gardens or compound, to be placed
> at the bottom of the
> septic tank or soakage pits after mixing with
> rubble/gravel?
>
> Thank you all in advance for your help.
>
> Cheers,
>
> Ron Devine Vave
> Postgraduate student
> C/-Marine Studies Program,
> University of the South Pacific,
> Suva, Fiji Islands.
> ------------------
> MSP: (679) 3212871
> Cellular: (679) 9974313
> Fax: (679) 3301490
> ------------------
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to
> coral-list or the
> digests, please see
> http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Health - Feel better, live better
http://health.yahoo.com
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Subject: Re: Use of massive Porites
Date: Wed, 31 Jul 2002 22:58:37 -0400 (EDT)
From: Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: Abigail Moore <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>
CC: Ron Devine Vave <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>,
     coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I have already replied privately to Ron; your wider inquiry prompts this
response.

Surely the wharf- and sea-wall building activities of the Bugis and Badjo
have already cleared more corals from those shores than could possibly be
used in septic tanks...

1. Porites is the most "porous" of the Scleractinians, hence its name. It
would make superbly absorbent tank-linings: but the stuff is going to
leach right through.

2. It is against the law, throughout Indonesia, to collect live corals for
this or any other purpose-so there is an enforcement problem.

3. because the septic waste itself will leach right through a Porites
wall/lining, there will be all sorts of public health implications. It
will be an educational problem, but: light-aggregate (coral rubble)
concrete tanks make excellent holding vessels.

I agree that this is a problem, but the reefs of Sulawesi face larger
challenges than being used as septic tank materials-most of them receive
the same material, in somewhat more dilute form, whilst still
alive...check out the extent of damage of the raw sewage plume from
Manado.

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Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 1

Subject: Porites - coral as building material
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 08:06:51 +0100 (BST)
From: Abigail Moore <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>
To: Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
CC: Ron Devine Vave <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>,
     coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Michael and other coral-listers
I only replied swiftly to Ron with a very brief input
in order to provoke comments!
I would like to add input to your reply, and see what
other people have to say. In paticular I would like to
invite members who have experience with or contructive
thoughts about  the problem of the use of corals as
building materials  and related matters to contribute
their thoughts to this list.

1. SCALE and SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM:
 ?Surely the wharf- and sea-wall building activities
of the Bugis and Badjo have already cleared more
corals from those shores than could possibly be used
in septic tanks...?

True, the activities of the Bugis and Bajo, plus many
other ethnic groups and a number of government
projects have indeed used much coral for building
purposes ? and thereby degraded or destroyed vast
areas of reef. Indeed, the volume used is probably
much greater than that used for sceptic tanks.
However, the fact that much coral has already been
destroyed is not really a reason for being ?blas?
about current and future destruction ? or is it? And
are large-scale destructions a reason for ignoring
other, smaller impacts? If we look at it this way, we
should only concentrate on, say, bombing and allow all
other destructive practices to go on unchecked.
Conditions now are such that any extra pressure could
be ?the straw that breaks the camel?s back? for corals
in a particular area, if not world-wide.
In areas where public health campaigns focus on
sanitation, or re-building is in progress, amounts
used only for this purpose can be significant in
relation to the remaining living coral reef area. If
the corals taken (usually at the same time) for
foundations are added to those used in the sceptic
tanks, in some locations we are talking about amounts
definitely capable of significant impact.
I feel we should widen this issue to the use of coral
as a building material more widely, an area which is
often given little attention in comparison say to
destructive fishing, but is often very significant
locally.

2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS:
?Porites is the most "porous" of the Scleractinians,
hence its name. It would make superbly absorbent
tank-linings: but the stuff is going to leach right
through. Because the septic waste itself will leach
right through a Porites wall/lining, there will be all
sorts of public health implications. It will be an
educational problem, but: light-aggregate (coral
rubble) concrete tanks make excellent holding
vessels?.. I agree that this is a problem, but the
reefs of Sulawesi face larger challenges than being
used as septic tank materials-most of them receive the
same material, in somewhat more dilute form, whilst
still alive...check out the extent of damage of the
raw sewage plume from Manado.?

Actually I am not at all sure all coral used is
porites, people here take whatever there is! However,
this technical information is most interesting, and it
points out that the very reason people like the stuff
is the reason why it is NOT suitable! I am not a
sceptic tank engineer, nor are the people using the
stuff. They only know that they want ?modern?
faciltities and do not want over-flowing tanks.
Generally there are no sceptic tank emptying services,
so that when a tank is full, people will build another
if there is avaialable land. Main drains and waste
collection are still a ?pipe dream?, litterally!

No-one I have seen uses concrete, as it does indeed
?hold?  the waste, which is just what no-one wants! I
have to say I thought that the sewage would probably
ferment and leach out in at least ?semi-treated? form,
but maybe we do need specialist information on what
really happens.. and what impacts it has for health
and nutrification etc. I would imagine that even leaky
sceptic tanks are likely to provide more of a buffer
than the prevalent discharge of raw sewage, not just
in Manado! But at what cost to the reef?

If people could be persuaded that tanks should ?hold?,
is use of coral rubble as an aggregate a good idea?
For sure, there is plenty available, but is it a good
idea to have people collect it, or will this also
increase the often already serious coastal abrasion
problems? I don?t know the answers.

3. LEGAL IMPLICATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT:
?It is against the law, throughout Indonesia, to
collect live corals for this or any other purpose-so
there is an enforcement problem?.

Too right, I agree! What can we do about it?

There are so many ?good? laws to protect the
environment, but so little enforcement. Few people are
aware of the actual law, even fewer have any idea why
there is a law, and most who are aware know that ?the
law is for sale?, usually quite  cheaply compared to
the costs of legal alternatives. That goes for most
ilegal activities, not just ?coral mining?.

No one guards the sea. Coral is there for the taking,
all you nened is a crowbar and small sampan canoe, and
safe. If people want to take from a quarry on land,
they will have to get permission and pay, plus
delivery can be a problem. In some cases conflicts (eg
Poso) even make access to quarries life-threatening
for coastal people. Most often those in a position to
prevent or at least discourage such activities ?turn a
blind eye?, afraid of being seen as
?anti-development?, even if in some cases they are
?aware?.

VERY few people at any level actually know that coral,
especially massive coral, is alive - to them it is a
rock like any other. So to them, what is the problem?
Only afterwards they find out about abrasion, loss of
fisheries etc. Both are very real problems in parts of
the Bay of Palu area for example, in some locations
largely due to coral mining, a not-insignificant
portion for sceptic tanks for houses in and around the
city.

Now, the use of corals in building may be relatively
minor overall compared to some issues, but is of real
significance in certain areas, and is likely to
continue to increase in scale as people?s expectations
rise. Not just for sceptic tanks, but as more and more
people transfer from wooden to more permanent
structures, coral, however illegal, is actually
increasingly used.

So, should we be working on the authorities to enforce
the rules they make, or building ?awareness? in the
minds and hearts of coastal people (village and city
dwellers), or both? What information and advice should
we be giving them?

OK, we need enforcement. And awareness. Both to
back-up lobbying for enforcement, and in the meanwhile
to attempt to influence the users, for each use we
need to know answers to at leat two questions: why not
(from their viewpoint ? not the legal one)? and what
can be (realistically) substituted?

Best regards

Abigail

Abigail Moore MSc
Yayasan Adi Citra Lestari
Palu, Central Sulawesi

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Subject: Re: Porites - coral as building material
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 00:38:10 -0700 (PDT)
From: Tom Williams <ctwiliams@yahoo.com>
To: Abigail Moore <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>,
     Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
CC: Ron Devine Vave <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>,
     coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

To All

Having read alot about septic tanks and sceptic tanks
I would like to note that the use of septic tanks - no
matter whether with or without porites or any other
coral, brick or concrete depends on leaching of the
effluent into the groundwater table and requires
distance between water wells and leach field in order
to filter out the bad things..which will be done in
most island areas...the leachate being rich in
nitrates will eventually get to the shore - and white
sands may turn green and black.

Pit Privy in coralline sand are as useful as septic
tanks - but in dense urban areas without groundwater
uses septic tank are common.

Uses of coral also include burning the coral for lime
for plaster work in buildings.

Tom Williams
Dubai

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Subject: Re: Use of massive Porites
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 12:49:15 +0500
From: "William Allison" <wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv>
To: "Michael Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>,
     "Abigail Moore" <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>
CC: "Ron Devine Vave" <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>,
     "coral list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Illustrating Mike's Porites porosity point,
slabs of Porites were the preferred material for
constructing well liners in some parts of Maldives.

William (Bill) Allison
Coral Reef Research and Management
Rangas, Violet Magu
Male
Maldives
(960) 32 9667
wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv
----- Original Message -----
From: Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: Abigail Moore <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>
Cc: Ron Devine Vave <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>; coral list
<coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Thursday, August 01, 2002 7:58 AM
Subject: Re: Use of massive Porites

> I have already replied privately to Ron; your wider inquiry prompts this
> response.
>
> Surely the wharf- and sea-wall building activities of the Bugis and Badjo
> have already cleared more corals from those shores than could possibly be
> used in septic tanks...
>
> 1. Porites is the most "porous" of the Scleractinians, hence its name. It
> would make superbly absorbent tank-linings: but the stuff is going to
> leach right through.
>
> 2. It is against the law, throughout Indonesia, to collect live corals for
> this or any other purpose-so there is an enforcement problem.
>
> 3. because the septic waste itself will leach right through a Porites
> wall/lining, there will be all sorts of public health implications. It
> will be an educational problem, but: light-aggregate (coral rubble)
> concrete tanks make excellent holding vessels.
>
> I agree that this is a problem, but the reefs of Sulawesi face larger
> challenges than being used as septic tank materials-most of them receive
> the same material, in somewhat more dilute form, whilst still
> alive...check out the extent of damage of the raw sewage plume from
> Manado.
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
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> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>

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Subject: Dynamics of Coral Communities
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 09:24:41 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ron Karlson <rkarlson@UDel.Edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I am posting this information because Kluwer has given an August 30th
deadline for responses to their offer to publish a paperback edition of my
book, Dynamics of Coral Communities.  They are offering an 80% discount!
Ron Karlson
...........................................................................
Now in Paperback:
Dynamics of Coral Communities

Order your copy now at the special pre-publication price:
US dollars 29.95 per copy

Dynamics of Coral Communities by Ronald H. Karlson, Department of
Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware,
U.S.A.

This book focuses on the dynamical processes influencing the
structure of coral communities, some of the most biologically
diverse communities on earth. A variety of biological and physical
processes operating across an enormous range of spatiotemporal
scales are highlighted (e.g., niche partitioning, biological
interactions, disturbance phenomena, large-scale tectonic,
eustatic, climatic, and oceanographic processes). The focus on the
community provides a framework for presenting some of the best
examples from the literature using multiple taxonomic groups (e.g.,
corals, fishes, encrusting invertebrates). The theoretical
background and relevant evidence is provided for several important
processes: the influence of keystone species on community
stability, ecological succession, interspecific competition,
consumer-resource interactions, disturbance-mediated species
coexistence, saturation, limited membership, and regional
enrichment. The merits of integrating the local perspective,
emphasizing niche theory and biological interactions, with a larger
historical-geographical perspective are discusses for coral
communities in a biogeographical context.

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction. 2. Diversity. 3. Stability. 4. Succession. 5.
Interspecific competition. 6. Consumer-resource interactions. 7.
Disturbance. 8. Large-scale perspectives. 9. Integration across
scales.

Kluwer Academic Publishers would like to give you the opportunity
to order this book at a special pre-publication price of US dollars
$29.95 / Euro 32.50 (excluding tax and shipping costs).

Please note the paperback will only be published with enough
interest.

Please return this order form before 31 August 2002 if you wish to
order this book against the low introduction price.

Information on other related books can be found through Kluwer
Academic Publishers' homepage at the following URL: www.wkap.nl

     PRE-PUBLICATION ORDER FORM

Please send me ___ paperback copy(ies) of "Dynamics of Coral
Communities", by Ronald H. Karlson. Paperback US dollars $ 29.95 /
Euro 32.50 excluding tax (see below) and shipping costs (approx.
Euro 6.00).

Please return this form before 31 August 2002. Offer expires on 31
August  2002.

Please note the paperback will only be published with enough
interest.

To be sent to:
Kluwer Academic Publishers
Martine van Bezooijen
PO Box 17
3300 AA Dordrecht
The Netherlands
Fax: +31 78 657 6388
Phone: +31 78 657 6164
Email: martine.vanbezooijen@wkap.nl

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Please note these prices are not recorded in our data system, to
take advantage of this offer please use this order form only. For
queries please contact the Publishing Editor Suzanne Mekking
Suzanne.mekking@wkap.nl

Information on other related books can be found through Kluwer
Academic Publishers' homepage on the Internet at the following URL:
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Payment will be accepted in any convertible currency. Please check
the rate of exchange with your bank. Prices are subject to change
without notice. All prices are exclusive of Value Added Tax (VAT).
Customers in The Netherlands please add 6% VAT. Customers from
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* Fill in the VAT number of your institute/company in the
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Mexico only.

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Subject: Re: Porites - coral as building material
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 10:12:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: Abigail Moore <abigailyacl@yahoo.com>
CC: Ron Devine Vave <S96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>,
     coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I think the responses to date have pointed up two aspects:
        -there is a need for local education, and
        -there is a large amount of ignorance as to what really happens
with human waste.

My original posting was NOT in any way intended to imply that we should
ignore the use of corals in septic tanks. I do believe, however, that "we"
(coral reef scientists) need to prioritize impacts, otherwise we will be
ineffective. There is a lot of that going on right now, as "managers" tend
to blame global change for what clearly are local impacts. (The fecal
bacteria findings in Florida are good examples.)

BTW: a septic system includes an effective leach field. Reading between
the lines of your posting, it is apparent that you are really dealing with
latrines, with hunks of coral chucked down them...argh...So here I urge a
set of priorities:  it will be less damaging to the reef to use coarse
rubble than live coral.

The other take-home message is that, at the local level, laws are usually
ineffective. We should push for policy that combines lots of carrots
and a few sticks. $10 subsidy for lining septic tanks with rubble-double
that for a leach field.

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Subject: Fish behaviour on artificial reefs
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 15:36:24 +0100
From: "Karen Cheney" <k.cheney@uea.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-listers,

        In the literature there appears to be numerous examples of
differences in
fish composition between artificial reefs and natural reefs. However, I have
also noticed behavioural differences in reef fish, especially in the
reproductive activities and egg predation rates in damselfish spawning on
wrecks. I was wondering whether anyone knows of other examples of
differences in fish behaviour on artificial reefs compared to natural reefs,
either in the literature or from personal observations,

Any information would be grateful,
Please reply to me directly (k.cheney@uea.ac.uk)

Regards
Karen Cheney

********************************************
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation
School of Biological Sciences
University of East Anglia
Norwich, UK
NR4 7TJ
*******************************************

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Subject: Coral Spawning in Broward Co. USA
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 17:13:29 -0400
From: "Bernardo Vargas-Angel" <vargasb@nova.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

For those following the coral spawning season in the Caribbean, we have
tissue samples indicating that Acropora cerviornis spawned last night here
in Broward County, Florida, USA.

Best, Bernardo

========================
Bernardo Vargas-Angel, Ph.D.
Research Scientist
National Coral Reef Institute
NSU Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Drive
Dania Beach, FL 33004
Phone: (954) 262-3677
Fax: (954) 262-4027

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Subject: spawning archives
Date: Thu, 01 Aug 2002 22:14:21 -0400
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Greetings, Coral-Listers,

    I'm afraid I haven't kept up with our coral spawning archives on the
CHAMP Page, but I intend to catch up shortly.  Since spawning season is
upon us, it might be helpful if any of you out there witnessing spawning
this year could report it to coral-list so that we can all get some
feedback on expected and observed spawns.  This will help us to see any
changes over the years, and any possible correlation with environmental
changes.

    Thanks for your support.

    Cheers,
    Jim
    coral-list admin

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Subject: American Samoa CRI Coordinator Position Available
Date: Thu, 1 Aug 2002 20:04:19 -0700 (PDT)
From: Flinn Curren <flinncurren@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Note:Please send responses to this announcement to
beeching@blueskynet.as

Vacancy: American Samoan Coral Reef Advisory Group
(CRAG) Coordinator

General Description:
CRAG, the Coral Reef Advisory Group to the Governor,
comprises 5 agencies in American Samoa, Department of
Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR), Department of
Commerce (DOC), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA),
National Parks Service (NPS), and the American Samoan
Community College (ASCC). As its title suggests, the
primary role of the group is to provide specialized
informed advice to the Governor of Samoa and his
government. However the role of the group has expanded
somewhat, and it currently prioritises projects for
funding under Coral Reef Initiative Grants.

The CRAG coordinator post was established to assist in
the administration of the group, to coordinate the
various programs and projects developed by CRAG and to
play an active role in managing selected projects. A
major initiative in American Samoa is the development
of Marine Protected Areas, to meet President Clintons
Executive Order requiring the establishment of  MPAs
in 20% of all US coral reef areas.

This position is located in the Department of Marine
and Wildlife Resources (DMWR) and the employee will
report to the CRAG, with the DMWR Chief Biologist as
supervisor.

Duties and Responsibilities
The duties and responsibilities of this position are:
1.      To become familiar with, and administer and
coordinate, as appropriate, CRI funded projects in
American Samoa as well as others that are critical to
coral reef protection. Projects will be tracked to
ensure timeliness, adherence to project goals and
technical soundness.
2.      To coordinate and organize the process of funding
proposals in terms of identifying available funds,
evaluating existing and new projects, and compiling
these into coherent final proposals. The CRI
coordinator is also responsible for ensuring that
semi-annual reporting requirements to funding bodies
in the US are met.
3.      To provide written and verbal feedback on a
periodic basis to CRAG on the progress of CRI
projects, mandates, new initiatives etc. Meetings will
be called to allow for this feedback and to discuss
other relevant activities and issues.
4.      Become and remain familiar with the activities of
the US and International Coral Reef Initiatives.
5.      Inform and advise CRAG on the activities of the CRI
that will affect them, that require action, and that
can be of benefit to them. This includes identifying
new funding sources.
6.      To implement MPA development plans in a program
developed from the A.S. Marine Protected Areas
workshop.
7.      To manage individual projects as assigned by CRAG.
In 2002/3 these are likely to include, i) seeking
proposals from contractors for the design of the
territorys first marine laboratory, ii) coordinating
the ReefCheck global reef monitoring program locally,
iii) organizing an award program for an annual series
of grants to selected local schools for the marine
science projects and, iv) organizing the visit of a
bio-statistician to the territory.
8.      Other duties as assigned by the Chief Biologist.

The CRAG coordinator will devote an estimated 30% of
his/her time to CRAG administration and 70% of his/her
time to MPA programs

Qualifications
This position requires an individual with a minimum of
a Masters Degree in biological science with an
emphasis on fisheries, marine science or oceanography.
It is preferred that the persons background include
tropical ecosystems and particularly, coral reefs.
Previous administration experience would also be
preferable. Candidates must be well organized, and
have excellent communication skills in English.
Preference will be given to applicants from the USA
and/or within the Pacific Rim

Salary
$30,000 p.a. Two-year contract, renewable by mutual
consent. Travel expenses and shipment of effects.
Annual and sick leave accumulate at 8 hours and 4
hours respectively every fortnight pay period.
Subsidized housing (80% subsidy) on rental of a
government house. Subsidized medical care.

Application
Deadline for applications: 1 September 2002

Mail, fax or email c.v. publication list, contact
details for 3 references and a covering letter
addressing the qualifications and responsibilities
indicated above.

The Director,
Ray Tulafono,
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources,
PO Box 3730,Pago Pago,
American Samoa 96799,
USA.

Fax: (684) 633-5944
Email applications may be routed via Tony Beeching at:
beeching@blueskynet.as

__________________________________________________
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Subject: DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 2002 10:45:55 -0400 (EDT)
From: Mail System Internal Data <MAILER-DAEMON@aoml.noaa.gov>

This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not
a real message.  It is created automatically by the mail system software.
If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created
with the data reset to initial values.

Subject:
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 11:22:09 -0400
From: "alphonso craig" <zocraig@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello my name is Alphonso Craig and I am doing research on Coral Reef Injury
assessment methods. I was wondering if you knew of any articles, books or
other information on the methodology used in coral reef injury assessment or
any standard protocol that is used in assessing coral reef injury. Any
sources you can provide would be an enormous help.  I look forward to your
response. Thanks a bunch.

Alphonso

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: Click Here
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Subject: Anchors
Date: Fri, 02 Aug 2002 11:06:44 -1000
From: "Sean Corson" <Sean.Corson@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I am working on determining the impacts of anchor and fishing weight
damage in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.  I am specifically looking
for a simple computer model that could provide probability of impact
based on a known density and distribution of sessile organisms, and a
known amount of anchor and weight "drops".  Any suggestions?

Thanks,
Sean
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Subject: RE: Anchors
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 12:56:26 -0400
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "'Sean Corson'" <Sean.Corson@noaa.gov>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

There was a little work on anchor damage estimation in:

McManus, J.W., Naola, C.L., and Reyes, R.B. 1997. Effects of some
destructive fishing methods on coral cover and potential rates of
recovery. Environmental Management. 21(1): 69-78.

Perhaps you could plug the tables and short formulas there back into a
spreadsheet and adjust the estimated variables to your situation.

Cheers!

John

        _________________________________________________________

        John W. McManus, PhD
        Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research
(NCORE)
        Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
        University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
        Miami, Florida 33149.
        jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
        Tel. (305) 361-4814
        Fax (305) 361-4910
        www.ncoremiami.org


-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Sean Corson
Sent: Friday, August 02, 2002 5:07 PM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Anchors

I am working on determining the impacts of anchor and fishing weight
damage in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.  I am specifically looking
for a simple computer model that could provide probability of impact
based on a known density and distribution of sessile organisms, and a
known amount of anchor and weight "drops".  Any suggestions?

Thanks,
Sean
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Subject: TELEVISION SERIES ON CORAL REEFS
Date: Mon, 5 Aug 2002 13:37:00 EDT
From: Prezelin@aol.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Santa Barbara July 31, 2002

Hello everyone,

My name is Louis Prezelin. I have had the privilege of spending many years
documenting the undersea world with the Cousteau expeditions and work on
programs with National Geographic, The Discovery Channel, The Travel Channel
and others.

I am presently involved in the writing of a proposal for a series of one
hours television specials on the subject of coral reefs of the world.

Considering the number of shows produced on this subject, I am focusing on
innovative angles to this broad topic, such as:

- Human stories illustrating the interaction of humans and reefs throughout
the world in the past and present time. This includes the good, the bad and
the ugly. I wish to inspire but also offer striking reality checks.

- Research programs with a potential for an attractive visual story such as
extraordinary behaviors and aspects of the reef ecosystem which have not yet
been documented on television.

- Reef studies pushing the conventional envelop and including the use of
exotic undersea devices such as subs, ROVs or other intriguing "toys".

- … Anything else which, in your opinion, would make a good story for the
general public!

I look forward to your thoughts on creative reef stories. I also welcome the
opportunity to discuss featuring you or your work as part of this series
which will offer significant opportunity for exposure.

Thank you for your interest.

Cordially,

Louis Prezelin
Director
PACIFIC VISIONS  INC.
Phone/fax: 805 966 9819

Subject: Midway Island NOTICE - Bleaching?
Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 16:49:09 -0400
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Rusty Brainard <Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov>,
     Tom Hourigan <Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov>,
     Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>,
     Robert Smith <robert.smith@noaa.gov>,
     Dave Foley <dfoley@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu>,
     Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>,
     William Skirving <william.skirving@noaa.gov>,
     Gang Liu <Gang.Liu@noaa.gov>
CC: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

>From this week's SSTs it appears that Midway has seen some rather
significantly high values: 28.3 C at the moment.

        http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html

Since this exceeds our bleaching threshold of 27.9C, thermal stress is
accumulating that might lead to a bleaching event.  What appears most
significant is that over the last 17 years this appears to be a record
high SST for this early in the season:

    http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/sub/sst_series_midway_cur.html
and
    http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/sub/sst_series_midwaypath.html

Only twice before, in our records, have we seen these extreme levels
during the summer, 1987 and 19888 - but those events occurred in
late-August!

Hopefully, surface winds will increase and keep conditions mixed:
        http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/icg/midw0wind.htm

Anyone with in-situ observations please advise us/and or ReefBase:
        http://www.reefbase.org/input/bleachingreport/index.asp

Cheers,
Al
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch - Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad

Subject: spawning Southern Caribbean
Date: Wed, 07 Aug 2002 19:11:18 -0400
From: "Mark Vermeij" <Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

Recently I got more then a few requests regarding the dates for coral
spawning on Curacao (12N69W). Based on the previous five years the predicted
dates and times are as follows:

Acropora palmata:
September 25-26 between 21h15 and 21h45

Acropora cervicornis:
September 25-26 between 21h00 and 21h00

Diploria strigosa:
September 28 around 20h45

Montastraea cavernosa:
September 26-27 between 21h30 and 22h30
October 26-27 between 21h30 and 22h30

Montastraea annularis complex:
September 27-28 between 21h30 and 22h30
October 27-28 between 21h30 and 22h30

Eusmilia fastigiata:
eggs are visible in tentacles throughout late  September and October
Larval release occurs September 27-29 between 21h15 and 22h30 and October
27-29 between 21h15 and 22h30

Madracis senaria:
Larval release: September 29 -30 and October 29-30 at an unknown time

Agaricia humilis and A. agaricites:
These corals are already "busy" and release planulae during most part of the
year. You might be lucky to see a few small orange "balls" being released.

Stephanocoenia michelini:
October 25-29 between 21h00 and 22h00, these colonies are hermaphroditic
which is quite a spectacular sight: one part releasing sperm, the other
eggs.

What else to expect?
Ophiuridae can spawn in early evening (around 20h00), Diadema, Hermodice and
Holothuridae during the day, some gorgonians release planulae in the early
evening (around 19h00). Neofibrularia during the day from 24-26 September
and same dates for October.

Please keep in mind that these dates are expectations. Have fun!

Mark

--
Dr. Mark Vermeij
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies
NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Science Center
75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA
Tel: +1 305-361-4230,
Fax: +1 305-361-4562
E-mail: Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov

http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/groups/cimas/
http://www.noaa.gov


Subject: Announcement: U.S. Coral Reef Task Force meeting October 2-3, 2002
Date: Thu, 08 Aug 2002 21:55:01 -0400
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>, Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>,
     corallist <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Preliminary Announcement - Meeting of the United States Coral Reef Task
Force October 2-3, 2003

The United States Coral Reef Task Force will meet October 2-3, 2002 in
San Juan, Puerto Rico.  The meeting is open to the public and
opportunity for public comment will be provided.  Additional information
on agenda, location etc will be available on or before September 1 on
the Task Force web site http://coralreef.gov/ or from
roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: Ocean Policy and Re: Announcement: U.S. Coral Reef Task Force
     meeting October 2-3, 2002
Date: Sat, 10 Aug 2002 10:03:09 -0400 (EDT)
From: Frank Muller-Karger <carib@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
CC: coral-list <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Roger et al.:

As you know, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy has been meeting around
the country over the past 9 months collecting input from the public,
academia, industry, and government on issues that need to be considered
in
updating our country's ocean policy. We have had meetings in Puerto
Rico,
Florida, Hawaii, and the Gulf area, and have heard substantial testimony
on tropical coral reef issues from these areas and from representatives
from the Virgin Islands and Guam, and from many public speakers.

An important objective of this public Commission is to study direct
recommendations for policy options in the process in drafting the report
due to the President and Congress in the first half of 2003. To date, we
have had very few explicit, direct, concrete recommendations for policy
directions for the Federal Government on the wide range of issues that
affect or are related to coral reefs.

As a member of the Commission's Stewardship Working Group, I would like
to
request that the Coral Reef Task Force provide the Commission with a
list
of specific policy recommendations that we should consider in developing
policy regarding coral reef environments. The more specific the
recommendations, the better and more valuable to the Commission they
will
be. The Stewardship Working Group will be working with the other working
groups in defining policy recommendations, including in areas relevant
to
"governance", "research, education, monitoring, and operations", and
"investment and implementation", which are the focus of the other
working groups of the Commission with those names.

As you know, background on our goals and mandate, background on
Commissioners, and copies of testimony submitted to the Commission to
date
may be found on our web page:

http://oceancommission.gov

I would urge you, others on the Task force, and any of our colleagues
interested in providing input to the Commission, to review our draft
"issues"  and questions, posted on the web, and provide us with
feedback.
The feedback may come as comments on the document, or, again, as
specific
recommendations for policy options.

This is a process in which we all have a chance to participate, and I
welcome as much interaction with you and others interested as is
possible.

Best regards, Frank

Frank Muller-Karger
U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy
and
University of South Florida
College of Marine Science
140 7th Ave. S.
St. Petersburg, FL 33701

On Thu, 8 Aug 2002, Roger B Griffis wrote:

> Preliminary Announcement - Meeting of the United States Coral Reef Task
> Force October 2-3, 2003
>
> The United States Coral Reef Task Force will meet October 2-3, 2002 in
> San Juan, Puerto Rico.  The meeting is open to the public and
> opportunity for public comment will be provided.  Additional information
> on agenda, location etc will be available on or before September 1 on
> the Task Force web site http://coralreef.gov/ or from
> roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov.
>
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Reef fish in the Persian Gulf
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:37:32 +1000
From: Angus Thompson <athompso@aims.gov.au>
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Listers

I'm looking to undertake fish visual census surveys in the Persian Gulf and
am having difficulty obtaining a comprehensive list of reef associated
species. I've tried FishBase however there are some obvious omissions to the
searches it allows. Anyone know of a good source?

Cheers

Angus Thompson
Reef Ecologist - Long Term Monitoring Project
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB # 3 Townsville MC. 4810
Queensland Australia
Phone: 07 4753 4329
Fax 07 4753 4288
email: a.thompson@aims.gov.au ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and
unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please see
http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Ocean Policy and Re: Announcement: U.S. Coral Reef Task
     Force meeting October 2-3, 2002
Date: Sun, 11 Aug 2002 19:10:59 -1000
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
To: Frank Muller-Karger <carib@seas.marine.usf.edu>
CC: coral-list <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dr. Muller-Karger,

Thank you for your recent message and invitation for recommendations
from the United States Coral Reef Task Force.  I will forward your
request to the Task Force for action.  Look forward to working with
you.

Roger Griffis

----- Original Message -----
From: Frank Muller-Karger <carib@seas.marine.usf.edu>
Date: Saturday, August 10, 2002 4:03 am
Subject: Ocean Policy and Re: Announcement:  U.S. Coral Reef Task
Force meeting October 2-3, 2002

> Dear Roger et al.:
>
> As you know, the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy has been meeting
> aroundthe country over the past 9 months collecting input from the
> public,academia, industry, and government on issues that need to
> be considered
> in
> updating our country's ocean policy. We have had meetings in Puerto
> Rico,
> Florida, Hawaii, and the Gulf area, and have heard substantial
> testimonyon tropical coral reef issues from these areas and from
> representativesfrom the Virgin Islands and Guam, and from many
> public speakers.
>
> An important objective of this public Commission is to study direct
> recommendations for policy options in the process in drafting the
> reportdue to the President and Congress in the first half of 2003.
> To date, we
> have had very few explicit, direct, concrete recommendations for
> policydirections for the Federal Government on the wide range of
> issues that
> affect or are related to coral reefs.
>
> As a member of the Commission's Stewardship Working Group, I would
> liketo
> request that the Coral Reef Task Force provide the Commission with a
> list
> of specific policy recommendations that we should consider in
> developingpolicy regarding coral reef environments. The more
> specific the
> recommendations, the better and more valuable to the Commission they
> will
> be. The Stewardship Working Group will be working with the other
> workinggroups in defining policy recommendations, including in
> areas relevant
> to
> "governance", "research, education, monitoring, and operations", and
> "investment and implementation", which are the focus of the other
> working groups of the Commission with those names.
>
> As you know, background on our goals and mandate, background on
> Commissioners, and copies of testimony submitted to the Commission to
> date
> may be found on our web page:
>
> http://oceancommission.gov
>
> I would urge you, others on the Task force, and any of our colleagues
> interested in providing input to the Commission, to review our draft
> "issues"  and questions, posted on the web, and provide us with
> feedback.
> The feedback may come as comments on the document, or, again, as
> specific
> recommendations for policy options.
>
> This is a process in which we all have a chance to participate,
> and I
> welcome as much interaction with you and others interested as is
> possible.
>
>
> Best regards, Frank
>
>
> Frank Muller-Karger
> U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy
> and
> University of South Florida
> College of Marine Science
> 140 7th Ave. S.
> St. Petersburg, FL 33701
>
>
> On Thu, 8 Aug 2002, Roger B Griffis wrote:
>
> > Preliminary Announcement - Meeting of the United States Coral
> Reef Task
> > Force October 2-3, 2003
> >
> > The United States Coral Reef Task Force will meet October 2-3,
> 2002 in
> > San Juan, Puerto Rico.  The meeting is open to the public and
> > opportunity for public comment will be provided.  Additional
> information> on agenda, location etc will be available on or
> before September 1 on
> > the Task Force web site http://coralreef.gov/ or from
> > roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov.
> >
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-
> list.html .
>
>

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


Subject: RE: Reef fish in the Persian Gulf
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 00:38:20 -0700
From: "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>
To: "Angus Thompson" <athompso@aims.gov.au>, <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Subject: RE: Reef fish in the Persian Gulf
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 06:53:41 -0500
From: "Tarr, Bradley A SAJ" <Bradley.A.Tarr@saj02.usace.army.mil>
To: "'Gregor Hodgson'" <gregorh@ucla.edu>,
     Angus Thompson <athompso@aims.gov.au>, Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

In addition to Gregor's reference, I suggest you contact the Research
Institute of the King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. Coral reef
data, including fish diversity and abundance, have been collected on a
quarterly basis on nearshore patch reefs and the offshore islands in the
Arabian (Persian) Gulf since 1982. Please contact me directly if you are
interested in obtaining a data base of reef fishes for that area.


Brad Tarr
U.S.Army Corps of Engineers
Planning Division, Environmental Branch
P.O. Box 4970
Jacksonville, FL 32232-0019
(904) 232-3582

 -----Original Message-----
From: Gregor Hodgson [mailto:gregorh@ucla.edu]
Sent: Monday, August 12, 2002 3:38 AM
To: Angus Thompson; Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RE: Reef fish in the Persian Gulf
Subject: Black Water Kills Coral
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 09:41:49 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: corallist <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

To All:

This is a follow-up to the numerous Black Water posts on the list from March
2002. It seems as though predictions of coral mortality have followed the
passing of the recent Black Water Event as it did in 1878 for the Dry
Tortugas.

- The last quote by Porter (see below) regarding the fact that this has
never happened before is contrary to reports from A.G. Mayer dating back to
1902.

However, questions remain?

Bill

William F. Precht, P.G.
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
2001 NW 107th Avenue
Miami, FL  33172
305-592-7275
fax:305-594-9574
1-800-597-7275
bprecht@pbsj.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Black water devastates coral in Keys
A new area of black water has formed off Sanibel Island

Sunday, August 11, 2002    Naples Daily News
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/08/naples/d789340a.htm

By CATHY ZOLLO, crzollo@naplesnews.com
and JEREMY COX, jgcox@naplesnews.com

More than half of the coral on the north side of the Florida Keys was
destroyed in the past 12 months, and researchers who've been monitoring Keys
coral since 1996 say the black water event from last spring is to blame.

"I'm sure that's what caused it," said James Porter, a leading coral expert
who heads the research team. "It's something to do with the water chemistry,
but it's beyond anything we know about."

Porter said his team of researchers measured a 60 percent loss of over one
year, "which is the highest rate of loss we have ever seen anywhere in the
Florida Keys in a single year," he said. "Even Hurricane Georges did not do
this kind of damage."

Five coral species were completely wiped out in areas Porter monitors in the
content Keys, a crowd of patch reefs and mangrove islands just north of the
island chain. He noted the demise of centuries-old boulder corals, and large
numbers of other bottom dwellers such as sea squirts, sea biscuits and
sponges.

Joining Porter in his assessment of the area's sea life is marine collector
Ken Nedimyer.

"Most of the brain corals in the Northwest Channel are dead," Nedimyer said.
"I could go on. The Middle and upper Keys look good, but the Lower Keys and
Key West were hammered. But we're not supposed to worry because this is a
natural phenomenon."

Officials in the spring characterized the event as naturally occurring and
similar to a 100 years flood.

No assessment is yet in on the area hundreds of square miles in size and
farther north where satellite pictures showed the water pooled for months
beginning in November 2001 and then washed over the Keys.

New concerns

What worries some environmentalists and others along the Southwest Florida
coast is the appearance in recent weeks of another mass of black water that
formed off Sanibel Island near where the Caloosahatchee River - an outlet
for Lake Okeechobee - empties into the Gulf of Mexico.

Jim Anderson, a Sanibel pilot, said he at first thought the water was oil.
Others who live along the Caloosahatchee River say they've seen a drop in
water quality there over recent weeks.

"I noticed when waves come on shore, the water is thick and black," said
Mitrah Bakhtian, who's lived along the river for seven years.

Satellite pictures show a cloud of dark water hugging the Florida coast and
concentrating south of Cape Romano, though this water mass isn't as large as
the one in the spring.

"The images are a bit similar to what we saw in the winter black water
event, but they are less dark and appear more brownish and they cover less
(area) and are closer to the coast," said Chuanmin Hu, a researcher at the
University of South Florida's Institute for Marine Remote Sensing. "This may
or may not be the same thing we observed in the winter."

Hu checked the satellite data after hearing reports of black water, but he
said there is no ongoing monitoring and interpreting program in place.

Scott Willis, spokesman for the Florida Marine Research Institute, said
scientists are collecting water samples from the current mass of water and
will be looking at those this week. Fishermen spotted the first event in
January when it had become a mass bigger than Lake Okeechobee occupying the
area between Cape Romano and the Florida Keys. It slowly moved south across
the Keys by April.

Satellite pictures at the time showed the water had trailed along the west
coast of Florida from the Caloosahatchee and intensified when it reached
western Florida Bay off the Shark River just below Marco Island and Naples.

Researchers concluded later that the black water was a complex interaction
among red tide and other algae blooms mixing with river runoff, said Beverly
Roberts of FMRI.

Few in the scientific community would say if they think July's dark water is
a repeat event, and Roberts said it could just as likely be normal river
runoff.

Fresh water is much darker than sea water and would float along the surface
of the gulf.

"That can extend miles into the gulf," she said.

Water from Lake Okeechobee

Whether or not this black water is a repeat of the spring, it comes as
Florida water officials seek to manage water levels in Lake Okeechobee, an
increasingly complicated task in recent years.

Water managers have three choices when it comes to draining the lake: they
can send it east to the St. Lucie River, west to the Caloosahatchee or south
through the Everglades. Complicating matters is the fact that the lake water
is rich in nutrients and causes problems no matter which way they send it.

The lake's level peaked above 18 feet in October 1999, a level U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers feared would cause the dike surrounding the lake to fail.
In response, water managers flung open the spillways leading into the
Caloosahatchee and St. Lucie rivers.

The district released about 2 million gallons of lake water per minute into
the Caloosahatchee over roughly a month.

By June 2000, the lake was lowered to 13 feet.

The district and Army Corps were forced to re-examine their water-management
policies for the lake after public outcry arose over algae blooms and fish
kills in the Caloosahatchee.

Today, water managers try to keep the lake between 13 1/2 and 15 1/2 feet to
avoid major releases such as those in 2000, said Karen Estock, head of the
Army Corps South Florida Operations office in Clewiston.

Water management officials also use so-called "pulse releases," 10-day-long
periods in which they keep spillways open. And releases don't happen unless
scientists, local and state politicians and concerned citizen groups give
their blessing.

"That's always our goal- let people know what we're going to do, get some
feedback and them make our decision," Estock said. "It's science and
politics."

There have been two recent "pulse releases." One ran from July 15 to July
25. Another began Aug. 1 and will continue until Aug. 10.

In both cases, the decision to let the water out of the lake came after its
level jumped above 14 1/2 feet. Water management officials try to keep
levels lower during the rainy season, Estock said.

The release's intensity reached a peak a week ago, when nearly 3,500 cubic
feet per second of water rushed into the Caloosahatchee through the Moore
Haven lock, where the river meets Lake Okeechobee.

However, the lake's level has increased slightly due to rainfall.

Lake water quality

The amount of fresh water directed down the Caloosahatchee is a problem,
environmentalists and the state agree, and most people also agree it's a
combination of lake releases, farm and urban runoff.

What worries people like David Guest, an attorney for the environmental law
firm Earth Justice, is what's in the water.

Lake Okeechobee is more than just a place to fish. It's also where
agricultural interests around the lake pump excess water to keep farm fields
dry. What comes with the water is loads of nitrogen and, to a lesser degree,
phosphorus, according to the water district's own reports.

Together, they're food for a host of organisms that, though generally
harmless, can choke waterways when they can grow out of control.

Guest said the water backpumped from farms is bad for creatures in the
Caloosahatchee and could just as well be bad for the Gulf.

"When you have algae or maybe the black tide and when that arrives and finds
nutrient-rich water, is it a surprise that it grows out of control?" he
asked.

Porter, whose team recently identified a new disease decimating elkhorn
coral in waters up and down the Keys, said the black water is a mystery and
that research and monitoring needs to go on.

"I'm deeply concerned by that event," he said, "as much because I don't know
what it means as I know what it did. I don't think anyone knew how important
this was because it had never happened before."

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: job position available
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 16:34:09 +0100
From: "JeanLuc Solandt" <jls@coralcay.org>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear listers,

Coral Cay Conservation seeks a new Marine Science Co-ordinator for overall
management of CCC marine project science activities. The role involve
considerable data and personnel management of four tropical field bases,
management and recruitment of volunteer field science staff, and preparation
of technical reports and papers related to the marine scientific data
collected by CCC volunteers.

The position is permanent, salary range is 16000-18000 (dependent on
experience), is London based with intermittent international and national
travel (for conferencing, field site visits etc.).

Qualifications needed - at least PADI AOW or equivalent, 2 years experience
working on scientific aspects of coral reefs, considerable teaching
experience, and at least a masters degree (PhD preferred).

Please check the CCC web site (www.coralcay.org) for detailed terms of
reference for the position. Send a CV and covering letter to Peter Raines
(psr@coralcay.org - 0208 545 7712). Deadline for applications is August
30th. Interviews will be held in early September.

Regards,

Jean-Luc Solandt, PhD
Indo Pacific Marine Scientist, Coral Cay Conservation
The Tower, 125 High St., Colliers Wood, London SW19 2JG,
phone: +44 (0)208 545 7721, fax: +44 (0)870 750 0667

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: evolutionary genetics senior research technician
Date: Mon, 12 Aug 2002 16:09:19 -0400
From: Paul Barber <pbarber@bu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

>Date: Wed, 7 Aug 2002 16:51:23 -0400
>To: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca
>From: Paul Barber <pbarber@bu.edu>
>Subject: evolutionary genetics senior research technician
>Cc:
>Bcc:
>X-Attachments:
>
>Dear Colleagues,
>
>We have secured funding and university approval to hire a research
>assistant to work in an evolutionary genetics laboratory. Below is a
>description of this position. Please pass this announcement to any
>that may be interested. Interested applicants should visit the web
>site for the Boston University Department of personel
>(http://www.bu.edu/personnel/employment/jobs/jobs.shtml), job
>tracking code "0386/H062"
>
>Sincerely
>
>Paul Barber
>
>
>
>SENIOR RESEARCH TECHNICIAN
>Supervisor: Dr. Paul Barber
>Location:  Boston University Marine Program, Woods Hole, Massachusetts
>
>Duties
>A Research Assistant position is available in a laboratory that uses
>molecular genetic techniques to investigate evolutionary processes
>in marine environments. Duties will primarily consist of routine
>molecular genetic techniques (including, but not limited to, DNA
>extraction, PCR, Cloning, and DNA sequencing) and data analysis
>(e.g. sequence alignment, phylogenetic and population genetic
>analysis). Some general lab maintenance (e.g. ordering, collection
>management) and library research will also be expected.
>
>Preference will be given to candidates with molecular genetic
>laboratory experience and who have a demonstrated interest in
>pursuing scientific research. Further preference will be given to
>candidates who are interested in becoming intellectually as well as
>technically involved in the research
>
>Minimum skills
>Bachelor's or Master's degree in Molecular and Cellular Biology,
>Genetics, Organismal Biology or related field. Basic computer skills
>including word processing (Microsoft Word) spreadsheets (Microsoft
>Excel), and graphics (Photoshop and Illustrator). Knowledge of
>phylogenetic software a plus. Ability to work independently on
>assigned tasks, work on multiple assignments with overlapping
>timelines, and meet schedules and timelines. Knowledge of basic
>research methods.
>
>Contact: All applications must be through the BU dept. of Personnel
>((http://www.bu.edu/personnel/employment/jobs/jobs.shtml). The
>tracking code for this position is  "0386/H062"
>
>Questions should be addressed to Paul Barber at: pbarber@bu.edu.
>Further information on the laboratory and it's activities can be
>found at: ww.bu.edu/biology/Faculty_Staff/barber.html

--
Dr. Paul H. Barber
Boston University
Boston University Marine Program
7 MBL Street
Woods Hole, MA  02543
(508)289-7685 phone
(508)289-7950 FAX
pbarber@bu.edu
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: platypodiella picta
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 12:51:01 +0200
From: Jenny Krutschinna <jenny@krutschinna.de>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

dear all,

I hope anyone can help with the english and/or german as well as
spanish names for the canarian crab Platypodiella picta!?

thanks in advance and best regards,

Jenny Krutschinna

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Subject: Of interest
Date: Tue, 13 Aug 2002 09:10:37 -0400
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear friends of coral reefs,

        We'd like to let you know that the Global Coral Reef Alliance
web page is now back on the WEB, at http://www.globalcoral.org. There
is much new, but still much more to add.  We have put together a list
of key associates who are major advisors or partners in field
projects. We hope that you will be as happy to be listed as we are
honored to work with you, but if there is any conflict, please let us
know and we will change it as you see fit.

        Best wishes,

        Tom Goreau
--

************************************
James M. Cervino
PhD. Program
Marine Science Program
University of South Carolina
e-mail:cnidaria@earthlink.net
*************************************
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Subject: Editorial: Black Water
Date: Wed, 14 Aug 2002 10:00:08 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: corallist <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

More on Black Water in Florida.

William F. Precht, P.G.
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
2001 NW 107th Avenue
Miami, FL  33172
305-592-7275
fax:305-594-9574
1-800-597-7275
bprecht@pbsj.com

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Editorial: Black water
Officials should be alarmed by return of phenomenon

Wednesday, August 14, 2002
http://www.naplesnews.com/02/08/perspective/d807135a.htm

The Naples Daily News

Black water is hitting home.

Readers who may remain ambivalent about mysterious happenings in the distant
gulf this past winter and reported by this newspaper now have added reason
to take notice. The color photos on our front page on Sunday showed
unexplainably dark water along the entire Southwest Florida coast, with an
especially large and ominous blob at Sanibel Island on Aug. 1.

Is it the same phenomenon first reported by fishermen as "dead zones"
between Marco Island and the Dry Tortugas devoid of any sign of life?

In view of scientific assessments citing severe damage to Florida Keys coral
from the first bout of black water, now more than ever we need to know what
is going on.

Simply put, we need to know where it is coming from and what is causing it.

Amid a seeming lack of concern or even acquiescence by public health or
environmental agencies, private research teams are taking up the slack.

There is nothing to gain from an official wait-and-see attitude. The fact
that this has not happened before and there are more questions than answers
is more cause for concern than casual dismissal.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Middle East, East Africa, Indian Ocean
Date: Thu, 15 Aug 2002 12:56:01 +1000
From: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

To coral reef workers

Do you have any coral reef status or monitoring data and information for
reefs in:

The Arabian (Persian) Gulf, Arabian Sea, Red Sea, Eastern Africa, Southern
Indian Ocean Islands or South Asia?

The regional coordinators for the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network are
compiling the latest information on the status of their reefs for
publishing in Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 due for release in
November. There are often huge gaps in their information.

They would like to hear from you on where and when you visited their
regions and if possible get access to any data you have on the status of
the reefs and fish populations. We would particularly like to get
information on reefs before and after the massive 1998 bleaching event to
document the extent of losses and subsequent recovery.  Any data or
anecdotal accounts will be useful.

Also if you are launching major initiatives in any parts of this region,
maybe we can include a Box in the next report.

Please send these to the GCRMN Node Coordinators:

Hassan Mohammadi <ropme@qualitynet.net> and  Fareed Krupp
<fareedk@sol.net.sa> for the Arabian (Persian) Gulf, Arabian Sea,

Abdullah Alsuhaibany <abdullah.alsuhaibany@persga.org> for the Red Sea,

Nyawira Muthiga <nmuthiga@AfricaOnline.Co.Ke> and David Obura
<dobura@africaonline.co.ke> for Eastern Africa,

Lionel Bigot <lbigot.arvam@wanadoo.fr> for Southern Indian Ocean Islands,

Ben Cattermoul <reefmonitor@eureka.lk> for South Asia?

Thank you

Clive Wilkinson


><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 7 4729 8452 or 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4729 8499
><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Southeast and East Asia
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:25:38 +1000
From: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Second call to coral reef workers

Do you have any coral reef status or monitoring data and information for
reefs in:

Southeast Asia (the ASEAN countries) and East Asia up to Japan

The regional coordinators for the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
are compiling the latest information on the status of their reefs for
publishing in Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 due for release in
November. There are often huge gaps in their information.

They would like to hear from you on where and when you visited their
regions and if possible get access to any data you have on the status of
the reefs and fish populations. We would particularly like to get
information on reefs before and after the massive 1998 bleaching event to
document the extent of losses and subsequent recovery.  Any data or
anecdotal accounts will be useful.

Also if you are launching major initiatives in any parts of this region,
maybe we can include a Box in the next report.

Please send these to the GCRMN Node Coordinators:

ASEAN countries "Chou Loke Ming" <dbsclm@nus.edu.sg>

East Asia Tadashi Kimura <BXQ02107@nifty.ne.jp> or  <KEI_OSADA@env.go.jp>,

UNEP offices in Bangkok are also helping -    "Connie Chiang"
<connie@un.org>,

And remember keep data flowing to ReefBase -  Jamie Oliver
<j.oliver@cgiar.org>

Thank you

Clive Wilkinson


><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 7 4729 8452 or 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4729 8499
><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Baker/Howland bleaching event - severe??
Date: Fri, 16 Aug 2002 11:11:07 -0400
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>,
     Marco Noordeloos <M.NOORDELOOS@CGIAR.ORG>,
     Dail Brown <Dail.Brown@noaa.gov>,
     Rusty Brainard <Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov>, Gang Liu <Gang.Liu@noaa.gov>,
     Ingrid Guch <Ingrid.Guch@noaa.gov>,
     "Dr. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" <oveh@uq.edu.au>,
     Andy Hooten <AHooten@worldbank.org>,
     Nancy Daschbach <Nancy.Daschbach@noaa.gov>

NOTICE -- BLEACHING ALERT

Howland and Baker Islands -- 0-1N; 176W

HotSpots have occupied these location along the
Equator from this year's El Nino as it continues to
remain parked over the central equatorial Pacific
since mid-May!  Degree Heating Weeks [accumulations
of excessive thermal stress - Hotspots] are presently
in excess of 12 DHWs...nearly 15 at the slightly more
southern Baker Island!!  Since we have been collecting
HotSpots and DHWs [beginning 1998] we have never
seen much of any accumulation of thermal stress at this
location (near the International Dateline)....even the El
Nino of 1998, with its associated bleaching events
bypassed Howland and Baker .  Reports needed.

DHWs:
   http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhww.8.12.2002.gif

Two white dots (land) are Howland/Baker:
   http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotwsw.gif

AE Strong
Coral Reef Watch

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 443-822-3668
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8108
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1

Subject: THe Wider Pacific
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 13:32:26 +1000
From: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Third call to coral reef workers

Do you have any coral reef status or monitoring data and information for
reefs in:

The Pacific - Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia

The regional coordinators for the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
are compiling the latest information on the status of their reefs for
publishing in Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 due for release in
November. There are often huge gaps in their information.

They would like to hear from you on where and when you visited their
regions and if possible get access to any data you have on the status of
the reefs and fish populations. We would particularly like to get
information on reefs before and after the massive 1998 bleaching event to
document the extent of losses and subsequent recovery.  Any data or
anecdotal accounts will be useful.

Also if you are launching major initiatives in any parts of this region,
maybe we can include a Box in the next report.

Please send these to the GCRMN Node Coordinators:

Micronesia, NW Pacific - Palau, The Marshalls, FSM, Northern Marianas, Guam
- Carol Emaurois <emaurois2000@yahoo.com>

Polynesia SE Pacific- French Polynesia, Cook Islands, Tonga, Kiribati,
Tokelau, Niue, Wallis & Futuna - Bernard SALVAT <bsalvat@univ-perp.fr>

Melanesia SW Pacific- Fiji, New Caledonia, Nauru, Tuvalu, Solomon Ids,
Vanuatu - "Reuben Sulu" <sulu_r@usp.ac.fj> and Cameron Hay
 Hay_C@usp.ac.fj,

The report on the Northwest and High Hawaiian Islands is being coordinated
by NOAA in Washington.

Thank you

Clive Wilkinson


><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 7 4729 8452 or 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4729 8499
><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Bleaching, Phoenix Islands, Kiribati
Date: Sat, 17 Aug 2002 13:10:27 +0400
From: David Obura <dobura@africaonline.co.ke>
Organization: CORDIO East Africa
To: Coral List <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Al,

We were in the Phoenix Islands, Kiribati, at about 4 S and 173 W, part
of the same island group as Baker and Howland.  At the time of our
surveys, June 10 to July 5, there was minor bleaching, or rather paling,
of some corals in the lagoons of the two largest islands, Kanton and
Orona.  Both islands were surveyed towards the end of the period.  Once
back in the 'real world', I saw that this corresponded with 2-3 weeks of
DHWs on the NOAA maps, hence too early to make any conclusion on the
role of temperature.  Corals affected were principally Acropora spp. and
Echinopora,with less than 5-10% of colonies affected in some patches. At
the time I thought it looked more like 'normal' paling of lagoon corals
due to turbidity or lack of circulation.

Putting together Samasoni Sauni's report of bleaching in Tuvalu at the
same time as these observations, and Al's hotspot warnings further north
now (6 weeks later), it looks like a warm water pool may have moved
north.

Water temperatures were measured at just under 30C the entire trip,
using a temperature logger carried by a diver (the detailed data is
still being analyzed), and we placed 7 loggers at various depths and
reef zones (5/15/35m, leeward/windward/lagoon) for collection in the
future.

On an expedition in 2000 in the same months we did not notice any
obvious signal of coral bleaching or mortality.  We don't know if
temperatures measured were higher in 2002 than usual, though it was our
impression that the water was warmer than in 2000.

We will try and obtain reports of any current bleaching from the islands
from the i-Kiribati residents, and report those ASAP.

regards,

David Obura

Some info on the expedition can be found at http://www.neaq.org/phoenix

<+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+>

David Obura
CORDIO-East Africa
P.O.BOX 10135, Mombasa, Kenya
Tel/fax: +254-11-486473; Home: 474582; 0733-851656
Email: dobura@africaonline.co.ke Web: http://www.cordio.org

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Subject: RE: Cook Island SST's during 1998
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 18:03:34 +0800
From: Jamie Oliver <J.Oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "'Darrin Drumm'" <druda019@student.otago.ac.nz>,
     "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi Darrin

ReefBase has a comprehensive database on coral bleaching (including all
coral-list and NOAA records), which includes some records for the Cook
Islands, and 2 records for Rarotonga (in1999, 2000) but nothing for 1998.
Here is the link to Cook Island records on ReefBase:
http://www.reefbase.org/threats/thr_bleaching.asp?country=COK&display=bleach
ing

If you find any bleaching reports for 1998, I would greatly appreciate it if
you could send me the info so I can put it on ReefBase.

Regards

Jamie

===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
ICLARM - The World Fish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670

Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530

email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org

visit ReefBase on:  www.reefbase.org
===============================

 -----Original Message-----
From:   Darrin Drumm [mailto:druda019@student.otago.ac.nz]
Sent:   Tuesday, 20 August 2002 11:07 AM
To:     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:        Cook Island SST's during 1998

I am investigating sea cucumber gametogenic development for Rarotonga,
Cook Islands (LAT=21 12S, LONG=159 46W)with respect to environmental
triggers.  The montly mean sea temperature data (available through
Flinders University Tidal Facility) during 1998 shows a curious sudden
increase from 23.9C in October 1998 to 27.5 C in November 1998.   I am
aware that there was a massive global coral bleaching event in 1998 that
coincided with a strong El Nino/La Nina event.  I presume that the SST
data I have reflects this event.  I have found some anecdotal reports on
bleaching for Fiji and Samoa on the NOAA website, but I have been having
difficulty finding information regarding the El Nino for Rarotonga.  If
anybody could direct me to information on the 1998 El Nino and its
influence in the Cook Islands I would be very appreciative.  Thanks

Regards,
Darrin Drumm

Darrin Drumm
PhD Candidate
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago
P.O. Box 56
Dunedin, New Zealand
ph:  64 3 479-8306
fax: 64 3 479-8336

~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
the digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html
.

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Subject: Coral Reefs Special Issue
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 14:09:49 GMT
From: "Chris T Perry" <C.T.Perry@mmu.ac.uk>
Organization: Manchester Metropolitan University
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,
A reminder that the deadline for submission of manuscripts for a Special
Issue of Coral Reefs on Marginal and Non Reef-Building Coral Environments is
Sept. 1st 2002. Please see below for further details. Following discussions
with Elsevier it is intended that this issue will now form part of Volume 22
(published late 2003).

Volume 22 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue entitled Marginal and
Non Reef-Building Coral Environments. The aim of this thematic issue is to
highlight the varied character, processes, and issues relevant to more
marginal coral-dominated settings, including high- latitude environments,
high-turbidity sites, fluvially influenced sites, upwelling-influenced
areas, and high-salinity settings. Under varied marginal conditions, reef
framework is often either restricted or, in extreme cases, entirely absent.
These settings are of significant interest from both biological and
geological perspectives because they emphasize the highly variable nature of
reef and coral community structure, may still harbour an important array of
tropical coral-related species, and are often locally important from socio-
economic perspectives. In addition, their marginal nature (perhaps close to
the environmental thresholds for coral survival) may make them particularly
susceptible to environmental disturbance and climatic change. From the
geological perspective, there are interesting questions relating to the
nature of marginal reef growth, their accumulation potential, and the
processes of carbonate cycling (e.g., bioerosion, encrustation). Marginal
sites may also have potential as analogues for the highly diverse coral-
dominated settings that are preserved in the fossil record. Potential topics
might include (but are not limited to) geological evolution and
significance, sedimentary settings, species assemblages and ecological
significance, coral physiology, environmental disturbance, management, and
conservation.

The issue (approximately 100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers
have been accepted; additional submissions will be considered for
publication in subsequent issues. Reviews and Reef Sites on an appropriate
theme are also welcome.

Papers should be submitted no later than 1st September 2002. Papers should
follow the guidelines for Coral Reefs and may be submitted to the Guest
Editors in pdf format (they will also be accepted by the Guest Editors at
the ISRS Meeting in Cambridge at which there is a related thematic session
running). To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as
soon as possible.

Prospective authors should first contact the Guest Editors, Chris Perry or
Piers Larcombe.

Dr Chris Perry
Dept. of Environmental & Geographical Sciences,  Manchester Metropolitan
University, John Dalton Building  Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD U.K.
Tel: +44 (0) 161 247 6210  Fax: +44 (0) 161 247 6318
E-mail: { HYPERLINK "mailto:c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk" }c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk

Dr Piers Larcombe
Marine Geophysical Laboratory,
James Cook University, Townsville,
4811Australia.
Tel. +61 7 47815056
Fax. +61 7 47814334
E-mail: { HYPERLINK "mailto:piers.larcombe@jcu.edu.au"
}piers.larcombe@jcu.edu.au
Dr. Chris Perry Dept. of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD. U.K.
Tel: (0161) 247 6210 Fax: (0161) 247 6318 E-mail: C.T.Perry@mmu.ac.uk ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Cook Island SST's during 1998
Date: Mon, 19 Aug 2002 17:07:05 -1000
From: Darrin Drumm <druda019@student.otago.ac.nz>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I am investigating sea cucumber gametogenic development for Rarotonga, Cook
Islands (LAT=21 12S, LONG=159 46W)with respect to environmental triggers.
The montly mean sea temperature data (available through Flinders University
Tidal Facility) during 1998 shows a curious sudden increase from 23.9C in
October 1998 to 27.5 C in November 1998. I am aware that there was a massive
global coral bleaching event in 1998 that coincided with a strong El Nino/La
Nina event. I presume that the SST data I have reflects this event. I have
found some anecdotal reports on bleaching for Fiji and Samoa on the NOAA
website, but I have been having difficulty finding information regarding the
El Nino for Rarotonga. If anybody could direct me to information on the 1998
El Nino and its influence in the Cook Islands I would be very appreciative.
Thanks

Regards,
Darrin Drumm

Darrin Drumm
PhD Candidate
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago
P.O. Box 56
Dunedin, New Zealand
ph: 64 3 479-8306
fax: 64 3 479-8336

~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: The Wider Caribbean and Atlantic
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 15:41:04 +1000
From: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Fourth call to coral reef workers

Do you have any coral reef status or monitoring data and information for
reefs in:

The Caribbean - Atlantic Reef areas (from Brazil to Bermuda; Barbados to
Ecuador and Mexico).

The regional coordinators for the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network are
compiling the latest information on the status of their reefs for
publishing in Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 due for release in
November. There are often huge gaps in their information.

They would like to hear from you on where and when you visited their
regions and if possible get access to any data you have on the status of
the reefs and fish populations. We would particularly like to get
information on reefs before and after the massive 1998 bleaching event to
document the extent of losses and subsequent recovery.  Any data or
anecdotal accounts will be useful.

Also if you are launching major initiatives in any parts of this region,
maybe we can include a Box in the next report.

Please send these to the GCRMN Node Coordinators:

South American States - Costa Rica to Brazil - Jaime Garzon Ferreira
(jgarzon@invemar.org.co) and Alberto Rodriguez (betorod@invemar.org.co);

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef countries of Central America - Mexico to
Nicaragua - Patricia Almada-Villela (palmadav@mbrs.org.bz), Ernesto Arias
(earias@mda.cinvestav.mx) and Melanie McField" <mcfield@btl.net>

Northern Caribbean Islands Jamaica to Dominican Rep. to Bermuda -  Dulcie
Linton (dmlinton@uwimona.edu.jm) and George Warner (gfwarner@uwimona.edu.jm)

Eastern Caribbean States - the Antilles Chain from Trinidad to Anguilla -
Allan Smith  <ahsmith@candw.lc>

Netherlands Antilles - send to Paul Hoetjes <milvomil@cura.net> and Allan
Smith  <ahsmith@candw.lc>

British Overseas Territories - Trish Bailey <ecosail@surfbvi.com> and
Dulcie Linton (dmlinton@uwimona.edu.jm)

US Caribbean reefs - Donna Turgeon  (Donna.Turgeon@noaa.gov), and  Mark
Monaco mark.monaco@noaa.gov  from NOAA in Washington.

Thank you

Clive Wilkinson


><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 7 4729 8452 or 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4729 8499
><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Porites branneri
Date: Tue, 20 Aug 2002 16:11:02 -0400
From: "Greenforce Andros" <greenforce@mail.batelnet.bs>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I have an enquiry about the coral Porites branneri and its distribution. Is
it found as far north as the Bahamas as I have a possible ID on Andros
Island, Bahamas?

Many thanks
Adam Hughes
Research Co-ordinator

Greenforce Research Station
Blanket Sound
Andros
Tel:  1-242-368-6288
Email: greenforce@batelnet.bs

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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Reef fish in the Persian Gulf
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 15:41:28 +0200
From: Marc Kochzius <kochzius@biotec.uni-bremen.de>
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, athompso@aims.gov.au

Hi Angus,

here are some references:
Carpenter KE, Krupp F, Jones DA, Zajonz U (1997) Living marine resources of
Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.
FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes, Rome, FAO
Coles SL, Tarr AB (1990) Reef fish assemblages in the western Arabian Gulf:
a geographically isolated population in an extreme environment. Bull Mar
Sci 47(3): 696-720
Krupp F, Mller T, Al-Sanaa M, Al-Marri M (1994) Survey of fishes and fish
assemblages in Dawhat ad-Dafi, Dawhat al-Musallamiya and the Gulf Coral
Islands. In:  Feltkamp E, Krupp F (eds) Establishment of a marine habitat
and wildlife sanctuary for the Gulf region. Final report for phase II.
Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt, p 537-558
Krupp F, Almarri, MA (1996) Fishes and fish assemblages of the Jubail
marine wildlife sanctuary. In:  Krupp R, Abuzinada AH, Nader IA (eds) A
marine wildlife sanctuary for the Arabian Gulf. Environmental research and
conservation following the 1991 Gulf war oil spill. NCWCD, Riyadh and
Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, p 339-350

Best fishes
Marc

At 09:37 12.08.2002 +1000, you wrote:
>Dear Listers
>
>I'm looking to undertake fish visual census surveys in the Persian Gulf
>and am having difficulty obtaining a comprehensive list of reef associated
>species. I've tried FishBase however there are some obvious omissions to
>the searches it allows. Anyone know of a good source?
>
>Cheers

 ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
Marc Kochzius
Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics
Centre for Environmental Research and Technology (UFT)
University of Bremen
Leobener Strasse
28359 Bremen
Germany

Phone: +49 (0) 421-218-7225 (office)
        +49 (0) 421-218-7679 (Lab)
Fax:   +49 (0) 421-218-7578

Biotechnology: www.uft.uni-bremen.de/biotech/english/bmg_main.html
Coral Reef Webpage: www.oceanium.de
<>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <><

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Porites branneri
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 08:48:14 -0500
From: Joshua Feingold <joshua@nova.edu>
To: "Greenforce Andros" <greenforce@mail.batelnet.bs>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Be careful about casual reports of Porites branneri. This species is very
difficult to identify in the field. It is my understanding that there are
subtle differences in calicular structure that distinguish it from other
Porites species. Indeed, there is controversy about the Porites porites /
P. furcata / P. divaricata series as well. One thing IS clear - color is a
poor diagnostic tool. Many forms of Porites can be found with
tan/beige/blue/purple/lavendar color varieties. I've heard that Ernesto
Weil has done some work on the taxonomy of Porites branneri. Ernesto, any
feedback?

Cheers,

Joshua Feingold

At 04:11 PM 08/20/2002 -0400, Greenforce Andros wrote:
>I have an enquiry about the coral Porites branneri and its distribution. Is
>it found as far north as the Bahamas as I have a possible ID on Andros
>Island, Bahamas?
>
>Many thanks
>Adam Hughes
>Research Co-ordinator
>
>Greenforce Research Station
>Blanket Sound
>Andros
>Tel:  1-242-368-6288
>Email: greenforce@batelnet.bs
>
>~~~~~~~
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>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Fw: [campam] Blanqueamiento en Cozumel...bleaching in Cozumel
Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2002 11:04:13 -0500
From: "Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri" <avk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com>
Organization: United Nations Environment Programme
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

----- Original Message -----
From: "Jos Juan Domnguez Caldern" <pmnczm@cozumel.com.mx>
To: "campam" <campam@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, August 20, 2002 10:13 AM
Subject: [campam] Blanqueamiento en Cozumel...bleaching in Cozumel

Estimados:
 estamos registrando en Cozumel, balnqueamiento en Montastrea anularis y
acropora cervicornis....alguien tiene informacion al respecto o estan en
alguna situacion similar?....gracias....desde cuando, en cozumel se hizo
bastante evidente desde la semana pasada....

Jos Juan Domnguez Caldern
Subdirector
Parque Nacional Arrecifes de Cozumel
Plaza del Sol Altos, Cozumel, Q. Roo, Mxico. 77600
Tel: +52 (987) 8724689, Fax: + 52 (987) 8724275
E-Mail: pmnczm@cozumel.com.mx , explorer1043@hotmail.com

[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]

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Subject: Special Issue of Coral Reefs
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 10:13:06 GMT
From: "Chris T Perry" <C.T.Perry@mmu.ac.uk>
Organization: Manchester Metropolitan University
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,
A reminder that the deadline for submission of manuscripts for a Special
Issue of Coral Reefs on Marginal and Non Reef-Building Coral Environments is
Sept. 1st 2002 or in person at the ISRS meeting in Cambridge . Please see
below for further details. Following discussions with Springer it is
intended that this issue will now form part of Volume 22 (published late
2003)

Special Issue of Coral Reefs, on Marginal and Non Reef-Building Coral
Environments

Volume 22 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue entitled Marginal and
Non Reef-Building Coral Environments. The aim of this thematic issue is to
highlight the varied character, processes, and issues relevant to more
marginal coral-dominated settings, including high- latitude environments,
high-turbidity sites, fluvially influenced sites, upwelling-influenced
areas, and high-salinity settings. Under varied marginal conditions, reef
framework is often either restricted or, in extreme cases, entirely absent.
These settings are of significant interest from both biological and
geological perspectives because they emphasize the highly variable nature of
reef and coral community structure, may still harbour an important array of
tropical coral-related species, and are often locally important from socio-
economic perspectives. In addition, their marginal nature (perhaps close to
the environmental thresholds for coral survival) may make them particularly
susceptible to environmental disturbance and climatic change. From the
geological perspective, there are interesting questions relating to the
nature of marginal reef growth, their accumulation potential, and the
processes of carbonate cycling (e.g., bioerosion, encrustation). Marginal
sites may also have potential as analogues for the highly diverse coral-
dominated settings that are preserved in the fossil record. Potential topics
might include (but are not limited to) geological evolution and
significance, sedimentary settings, species assemblages and ecological
significance, coral physiology, environmental disturbance, management, and
conservation.

The issue (approximately 100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers
have been accepted; additional submissions will be considered for
publication in subsequent issues. Reviews and Reef Sites on an appropriate
theme are also welcome.

Papers should be submitted no later than 1st September 2002. Papers should
follow the guidelines for Coral Reefs and may be submitted to the Guest
Editors in pdf format (they will also be accepted by the Guest Editors at
the ISRS Meeting in Cambridge at which there is a related thematic session
running). To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as
soon as possible.

Prospective authors should first contact the Guest Editors, Chris Perry or
Piers Larcombe.

Dr Chris Perry
Dept. of Environmental & Geographical Sciences,  Manchester Metropolitan
University, John Dalton Building  Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD U.K.
Tel: +44 (0) 161 247 6210  Fax: +44 (0) 161 247 6318
E-mail: { HYPERLINK "mailto:c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk" }c.t.perry@mmu.ac.uk

Dr Piers Larcombe
Marine Geophysical Laboratory,
James Cook University, Townsville,
4811Australia.
Tel. +61 7 47815056
Fax. +61 7 47814334
E-mail: { HYPERLINK "mailto:piers.larcombe@jcu.edu.au"
}piers.larcombe@jcu.edu.au
Dr. Chris Perry Dept. of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD. U.K.
Tel: (0161) 247 6210 Fax: (0161) 247 6318 E-mail: C.T.Perry@mmu.ac.uk ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Southeastern Phycological Colloquy
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 2002 15:18:02 -0400
From: Dennis Hanisak <Hanisak@HBOI.edu>
To: "'psa@colostate.edu'" <psa@colostate.edu>,
     "'ALGAE-L'" <algae-l@listserv.heanet.ie>,
     "'Seagrass Forum'" <seagrass_forum@essun1.murdoch.edu.au>,
     "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

24th Annual
Southeastern Phycological Colloquy
November 1-3, 2002

J. Seward Johnson Marine Education and Conference Center
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution
Fort Pierce, Florida

        It's that time of the year -- colloquy time!  For twenty-four years,
professionals and students who study algae (freshwater or marine),
seagrasses, or other marine plants have gathered together, from all over the
southeastern United States (and beyond), to share their research activities
and ideas.

        According to Webster, a colloquy is "a high-level serious
discussion".  Don't let the name fool you!  We'll have plenty of serious
discussion at this year's colloquy, but we plan to have some fun, too.  The
meeting is open to anyone interested; student contributions are especially
encouraged.  So bring all your colleagues, students, and friends!

        Contributed paper and poster sessions are planned for the full day
of Saturday, November 2.  Film/video presentations will also be welcomed.
If participants wish, tours of Harbor Branch and/or field trips to local
habitats will be held.

Pre-Registration

        A registration fee of $40 for students and $75 for other
participants will cover the cost of the meeting.  Payment includes a Friday
night cook-out and buffet breakfast, lunch, dinner, and coffee breaks on
Saturday.  Tickets for Saturday's dinner can be purchased separately for
accompanying (unregistered) spouses or guests.

Airports and Accommodations

        Harbor Branch is centrally located between the cities of Fort Pierce
and Vero Beach, a 1-2-hour drive from 3 national airports (Melbourne, 45
miles; West Palm Beach, 75 miles; and Orlando, 110 miles).  The best fares
are most often into Orlando.

        There is a wide choice of hotels within 10 miles of the Conference
Center.  Hotel rooms may be reserved at a conference rate of $79 at the
Radisson Beach Resort North Hutchinson Island on the ocean in Fort Pierce.
Participants should book hotel rooms directly with the Radisson at (800)
333-3333 or (772) 465-5544 and reference the "Harbor Branch corporate rate".

        Dorm rooms are available adjacent to the Conference Center at $30
per night (students will have first priority for dorm rooms, through October
1).  Dorm rooms may be reserved on the registration form.

        Additional details on the meeting schedule will be sent to all who
send in the registration form.  Please reply by October 1 to: M. Dennis
Hanisak, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort
Pierce, FL 34946; Tel: (772) 465-2400, x306; e-mail: hanisak@hboi.edu.

MEETING REGISTRATION FORM
Return by October 1, 2002

NAME:


ADDRESS:





PHONE:  (      )                                     E-MAIL:

TITLE OF TALK (  ) OR POSTER (  ):



AUTHOR(S):

PRESENTER:
(  ) STUDENT?

REGISTRATION PAYMENT (Payment includes the Friday night cook-out and buffet
breakfast, lunch, dinner, and coffee breaks on Saturday):

             PARTICIPANT ($75.00)
             STUDENT ($40.00)

             DORM BED FOR FRIDAY NIGHT ($30.00 PER PERSON, all taxes
included)
             DORM BED FOR SATURDAY NIGHT ($30.00 PER PERSON, all taxes
included)

             SATURDAY DINNER FOR ACCOMPANYING PERSONS ($25.00 PER PERSON)
          Name(s) of accompanying persons:

             TOTAL REMITTED

Send your check, payable to Harbor Branch Institution, with this form to: M.
Dennis Hanisak, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 U.S. 1 North,
Fort Pierce, FL 34946.

Make hotel reservations directly with the Radisson Beach Resort North
Hutchinson Island (2600 North A-1A, Fort Pierce) at (800) 333-3333 or (772)
465-5544.  Reference the "Harbor Branch corporate rate".

A limited number of dorm rooms (bunk beds) are available at $30.00/night
(all taxes included).  If interested, please reserve a bed above.

A Quick Poll (Optional)

I will be arriving at the Colloquy (please check one):

                        On Friday in time for the cook-out (by 7:00 p.m.)

                        On Friday night after the cook-out

                        On Saturday

I am interested in (please check any that apply):


WHEN?

                                                Friday
Sunday
                                                 p.m.                   a.m.
p.m.

        A tour of Harbor Branch

        Collections from local habitats

OTHER COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS:
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Scientist claims Naples Daily News Report Incorrect (Solares Hill
     weekly)
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2002 10:29:39 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: corallist <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

William F. Precht, P.G.
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
2001 NW 107th Avenue
Miami, FL  33172
305-592-7275
fax:305-594-9574
1-800-597-7275
bprecht@pbsj.com

-----Original Message-----
From: Nancy Klingener [mailto:nklingener@psinet.com]
Sent: Friday, August 16, 2002 4:10 PM
To: FL-ENVIRONEWSCLIPS@LISTS.SIERRACLUB.ORG
Subject: [FL-ENVIRO-NEWS] Scientist claims Naples Daily News Report
Incorrect (Solares Hill weekly)

Environmental News Clippings of Interest to South Florida
NOTE: Your replies default to the Commons-Everglades list
For those following the Black Water thread on the list, please note the
following
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

>From Solares Hill, a weekly newspaper based in Key West. It is not
available
online. The following appeared in the column titled Editor's Notes:

"The report this week in The Naples Daily News that last year's black water
phenomenon had killed half of the corals north of the Keys was incorrect,
according to Dr. James Porter, a leading coral researcher who was quoted
extensively in the story. Porter is mystified and quite upset and says he
has no idea where the quotes attributed to him came from. This story caused
a considerable stir, as folks bemoaned the huge loss on the reef. Of course
most of those bemoaning were those who continue to think the Keys run north
and south instead of east and west. That puts the die-off in Florida Bay,
not on the reef -- still a loss, but not as dire as some first imagined."

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Scientist claims Naples Daily News Report Incorrect (Solares Hill weekly)
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2002 16:19:28 EDT
From: ZolloCR@aol.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Regarding an editorial in Key West's free, weekly newspaper Solares Hill
that
was distributed on this list serve, I stand by my reporting of quotes by Dr.
James Porter about the coral die off north of the Keys. The story ran Aug.
11
in the Naples Daily News. Porter told others of these findings prior to the
publication of my story. Several of them told me, and I corroborated these
reports with him during a lengthy telephone interview. His only complaint to
me came a week after publication. He was upset because some people,
including
major news outlets, had confused "north" of the Keys to be the upper
two-thirds of the Keys, including, he said at the time, Key Largo and Key
Biscayne. I was upset as well at this confusion and ran a clarification that
I emailed to Porter a week ago. I await publication of his data.

Cathy Zollo
Staff Writer
Naples Daily News
(239) 263-4764
crzollo@naplesnews.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Scientist claims Naples Daily News Report Incorrect (Solares Hill
     weekly)
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 2002 19:39:58 -0400
From: "Billy Causey" <Billy.Causey@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA FKNMS
To: ZolloCR@aol.com
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings Cathy,
I am going to attempt to interpret some of the reaction to Jim Porter's
report
of the decline of coral cover at the location of the "Rock Pile" north of
the
Content Keys in the Gulf of Mexico.  This is in an area where the Keys run
east
to west and north is towards the Gulf and south is towards the Atlantic.
Now,
having given the coral list a geography lesson on the Florida Keys, another
issue relates to the level of coral loss over the past year (during the
Blackwater Event of the winter).  The area Porter described is one of the 43
permanent, long-term monitoring stations in the Florida Keys National marine
Sanctuary.  Porter and his colleagues (other PIs on the project Walt Jaap
and
Jennifer Wheaton - FWCC) reported alarming decline in the coral cover at
this
same site in the 1996-99 timeframe.  I recall some of the reports as being
quite
alarming at the time.  While I am not claiming the corals aren't dead, I
feel
compelled to sort out (using the long-term monitoring data) the level of
loss
then as opposed to this year.  Again, I am not saying the corals haven't
died
.... I am merely attempting to let the data help our scientific
investigators
interpret some of the answers to the questions: what? when? where? why? and
how
much.

Clearly, if anything this unfortunate set of circumstances has pointed out,
there is not simply a single factor or stressor affecting the health of
coral
reefs, whether it is in the Florida Keys, the Lower Caribbean or in the
Indo-west Pacific.

I recall specifically receiving a call in the 1997-98 timeframe,  where one
of
our investigators told me about the rate of decline recorded in 1997-98 on
the
"Rock Pile" and now I hear it second-hand (through the press) again this
year.
There was not a Blackwater Event in 1997-98 .... but it was the first year
in
recorded time in the Florida Keys that we had back to back annual coral
bleaching events.  This year we had a massive Diatom bloom that was part of
what
we called Blackwater that had a devastating impact on the north (Gulf) side
of
the Keys.  There's is no denying the level of impact this year due to the
Blackwater.  I spent 30 minutes on the phone with a 5th generation Conch
yesterday who said he had never witnessed anything like it in his life.
Soft
corals are dead, small solitary corals are dead .... and some of the massive
coral colonies are dead.

What's happening to our coral reefs is complicated and is occurring at
local,
regional and global scales.  Those scientists who continually look for THE
"smoking gun" regarding the impacts to coral reefs, I am afraid, are going
to be
frustrated for a long time to come.  I had rather see us collectively sort
out
or tease out the things management can directly focus effort on and search
for
ways to address the impacts whose solutions are currently out of the reach
of us
managers.

Like coral reefs located near populated centers around the world, the coral
reefs in the Florida Keys are in a state of decline.  However, that decline
(except for what is reported in the Gulf) has leveled off for the past two
years
in a row.  I wonder if this has anything to do with the fact that we have
not
had any coral bleaching of major significance since 1998?

I could keep writing ..... but realize I am going to generate enough
response to
keep me busy responding with what I have already written.

Take care, Billy

ZolloCR@aol.com wrote:

> Regarding an editorial in Key West's free, weekly newspaper Solares Hill
that
> was distributed on this list serve, I stand by my reporting of quotes by
Dr.
> James Porter about the coral die off north of the Keys. The story ran Aug.
11
> in the Naples Daily News. Porter told others of these findings prior to
the
> publication of my story. Several of them told me, and I corroborated these
> reports with him during a lengthy telephone interview. His only complaint
to
> me came a week after publication. He was upset because some people,
including
> major news outlets, had confused "north" of the Keys to be the upper
> two-thirds of the Keys, including, he said at the time, Key Largo and Key
> Biscayne. I was upset as well at this confusion and ran a clarification
that
> I emailed to Porter a week ago. I await publication of his data.
>
> Cathy Zollo
> Staff Writer
> Naples Daily News
> (239) 263-4764
> crzollo@naplesnews.com
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

--
Billy D. Causey, Superintendent
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
PO Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
(305) 743-2437 phone
(305) 743-2357 Fax
billy.causey@noaa.gov
http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Reef fish in the Persian Gulf
Date: Sat, 24 Aug 2002 08:54:34 +0500
From: Michel Claereboudt <michelc@squ.edu.om>
To: Marc Kochzius <kochzius@biotec.uni-bremen.de>,
     <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <athompso@aims.gov.au>

On 8/21/02 6:41 PM, "Marc Kochzius" <kochzius@biotec.uni-bremen.de> wrote:

> Hi Angus,
>
> here are some references:
> Carpenter KE, Krupp F, Jones DA, Zajonz U (1997) Living marine resources
of
> Kuwait, Eastern Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab
Emirates.
> FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes, Rome, FAO
> Coles SL, Tarr AB (1990) Reef fish assemblages in the western Arabian
Gulf:
> a geographically isolated population in an extreme environment. Bull Mar
> Sci 47(3): 696-720
> Krupp F, Mller T, Al-Sanaa M, Al-Marri M (1994) Survey of fishes and
fish
> assemblages in Dawhat ad-Dafi, Dawhat al-Musallamiya and the Gulf Coral
> Islands. In:  Feltkamp E, Krupp F (eds) Establishment of a marine habitat
> and wildlife sanctuary for the Gulf region. Final report for phase II.
> Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt, p 537-558
> Krupp F, Almarri, MA (1996) Fishes and fish assemblages of the Jubail
> marine wildlife sanctuary. In:  Krupp R, Abuzinada AH, Nader IA (eds) A
> marine wildlife sanctuary for the Arabian Gulf. Environmental research and
> conservation following the 1991 Gulf war oil spill. NCWCD, Riyadh and
> Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt, p 339-350
>
> Best fishes
> Marc
>
>
>
> At 09:37 12.08.2002 +1000, you wrote:
>> Dear Listers
>>
>> I'm looking to undertake fish visual census surveys in the Persian Gulf
>> and am having difficulty obtaining a comprehensive list of reef
associated
>> species. I've tried FishBase however there are some obvious omissions to
>> the searches it allows. Anyone know of a good source?
>>
>> Cheers
>
>> <> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
> Marc Kochzius
> Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Genetics
> Centre for Environmental Research and Technology (UFT)
> University of Bremen
> Leobener Strasse
> 28359 Bremen
> Germany
>
> Phone: +49 (0) 421-218-7225 (office)
>       +49 (0) 421-218-7679 (Lab)
> Fax:   +49 (0) 421-218-7578
>
> Biotechnology: www.uft.uni-bremen.de/biotech/english/bmg_main.html
> Coral Reef Webpage: www.oceanium.de
> <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <>< <><
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
John Randall's Book: Coastal fishes of Oman (Crawford house publishing) 1995
probably covers most of the reef fishes of the Arabian Gulf.

There is also a small booklet by Carpenter et al. And published by the
Kuwait institute of Scienctific Research (KISR). Corals and coral reef
fishes of Kuwait.

Cheers,

--
Michel Claereboudt
Sultan Qaboos University
College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences (BOX 34)
Dpt. Marine Science and Fisheries
Al-Khod 123
Sultanate of Oman
Tel (968) 515 249
Fax (968) 513 418

Email; michelc@squ.edu.om

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Call for submission of manuscripts: Special Issue of Coral
Date: Mon, 26 Aug 2002 14:06:45 -0400
From: "Richard E. Dodge" <dodge@nova.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Reefs, on Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Call for submission of manuscripts

Special Issue of Coral Reefs, on Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs Volume 23
of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue entitled Remote Sensing of
Coral Reefs.

The aim of this thematic issue is to present and discuss the potential
of remote sensing data to increase the understanding of coral reef
processes at various temporal and spatial scales. Integration of remote
sensing data in coral reef studies is a very fast-moving domain, boosted
by multidisciplinary research, continuous technological development,
increased numbers of platforms, and increased availability of calibrated
digital data providing repetitive synoptic coverage. In many aspects,
remote sensing of reefs is still in its infancy and is still poorly used
for scientific/management purposes, despite its potential. Innovative
research suggests that space-borne, airborne, and shipborne passive or
active data can provide substantial input in numerous studies on reef
ecosystem processes such as: refining hydrodynamic models by
assimilation of remote sensing data; characterization of reef growth
patterns; assessment of the influence of climate/weather on reef growth
patterns; design and calibration/validation of bio-optical models;
biogeochemical budgets; assessment of biodiversity spatial patterns;
connection between land and reef changes; import and export of materials
via oceanic currents, rivers or sediment plumes; design of
bleaching/disease/turbidity risk maps; change detection; fusion of
active and passive data for high resolution 2D or 3D mapping;
optimization approach for mapping bottom types/bathymetry/water quality;
fusion of multi-scale data; and innovative spectral unmixing or
classification algorithms. These are some of the topics where remote
sensing combined with modeling are or in the near future will be key to
understanding processes between reefs, land, ocean, atmosphere, and
human communities.

Potential topics for this Special Issue are not limited to the above
subjects. A mapping exercise without significant methodological novelty
would not be considered except in the form of one- or two-page "Reef
Sites" communications for sites of particular interest where
classification
schemes, accuracy assessment protocol, error matrix, and surface areas
of each class will be required. Reviews on an appropriate theme are also
welcome.

The issue (approximately 100 pages) will be published as soon as 12
papers have been accepted; additional submissions will be considered for
publication in subsequent issues.

Papers should be submitted no later than the end of February 2003.
Papers should follow the guidelines for Coral Reefs and may be submitted
to either of the Guest Editors in pdf or regular format. To ensure a
speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as possible
to compile the volume for a publication anticipated for 2004 in Vol. 23.

Prospective authors should first contact Guest Editor Serge Andrfout
or Bernhard Riegl:
Dr. Serge Andrfout
College of Marine Science, Institute for Marine Remote Sensing
University of South Florida
140 7th Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
USA
Tel: +1-727-553-3987/ +1-727-553-1186
Fax: +1-727-553-1103
Email: serge@seas.marine.usf.edu

Dr. Bernhard Riegl
National Coral Reef Institute
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 North Ocean Drive
Dania Beach, FL 33004
USA
Tel: +1-954-262-3671
Fax: +1-954-262-4027
Email: rieglb@nova.edu

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Porites branneri
Date: Mon, 26 Aug 02 14:51:19 -0400
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "Joshua Feingold" <joshua@nova.edu>,
     "Greenforce Andros" <greenforce@mail.batelnet.bs>,
     "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Adam,

Porites branneri is distinguished morphologically by the presence of pali
and the absence of a columella tubercle.

For quantitative and qualitative keys to distinguishing western Atlantic
and Caribbean Porites species using morphological characters see:

Jameson SC (1997) Morphometric analysis of the Poritidae (Anthozoa:
Scleractinia) off Belize. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium,
Panama 2:1591-1596

(If anyone would like a reprint just send me a stamped self addressed
envelope and I'll pass one along.)

Regarding the species controversy:  Using electrophoresis, fixed allel
differences were found among P. astreoides, P. porites, P. furcata, P.
divaricata, P. colonensis and P. branneri off Panama by Weil (1992)
confiming they are distinct species.

Using the genetic results of Weil (1992), Jameson (1997) shows these
valid species can be distinguished using various
morphological/morphometric techniques and discusses what characters are
reliable in morphological analysis.

>Be careful about casual reports of Porites branneri. This species is very
>difficult to identify in the field. It is my understanding that there are
>subtle differences in calicular structure that distinguish it from other
>Porites species. Indeed, there is controversy about the Porites porites /
>P. furcata / P. divaricata series as well. One thing IS clear - color is a
>poor diagnostic tool. Many forms of Porites can be found with
>tan/beige/blue/purple/lavendar color varieties. I've heard that Ernesto
>Weil has done some work on the taxonomy of Porites branneri. Ernesto, any
>feedback?
>
>Cheers,
>
>Joshua Feingold
>
>At 04:11 PM 08/20/2002 -0400, Greenforce Andros wrote:
>>I have an enquiry about the coral Porites branneri and its distribution.
Is
>>it found as far north as the Bahamas as I have a possible ID on Andros
>>Island, Bahamas?
>>
>>Many thanks
>>Adam Hughes
>>Research Co-ordinator
>>
>>Greenforce Research Station
>>Blanket Sound
>>Andros
>>Tel:  1-242-368-6288
>>Email: greenforce@batelnet.bs

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com

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Subject: New CHAMP Coral Disease Page
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 08:53:41 -0400
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings, Coral-Listers!

    It is our pleasure to announce NOAA/CHAMP's new Coral Disease
Identification and Information Web Page at:

        http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease/

We have endeavored to review other coral disease pages on the Web and to
make this one unique and modern, utilizing input from many of our coral
disease colleagues.

This new page:

*  Emphasizes coral diseases which have enjoyed peer review
("Characterized Diseases").

*  Includes a "Literature" section to have up-to-date peer-reviewed
publications.  (We earnestly seek any additions you may wish us to
include.)

*  Showcases NOAA's new Coral Disease & Health Consortium (CDHC),
organized in January, 2002.  The CDHC seeks to "...organize and
coordinate the scientific resources of the U.S. and its territories to
meet the challenge of globally declining coral reefs."

*  Supplies good descriptive photographs of described coral diseases.
We very much enjoin you to offer other good quality photos which may
display the diseases in a suitably diagnostic fashion.

    We very much look forward to your input and hope that it will help
all of us come to a consensus on coral disease identification and
nomenclature.

    Sincerely yours,

    Jim Hendee, NOAA
       Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
    Laurie Richardson, Florida International University
    Monika Gurnee, NOAA
        Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
    Cheryl Woodley, NOAA
        Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular
Research
    Laura Kracker, NOAA
        Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular
Research
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Position available
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 15:42:56 -0700
From: "Reef Check Headquarters" <rcheck@ucla.edu>
To: <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>

Please circulate, far and wide...

The Los Angeles-based Reef Check Foundation is seeking to hire a mid-level
coral reef fisheries scientist (Masters Degree or higher) to carry out
field monitoring of both fin-fish and invertebrates targeted by the marine
aquarium trade to start as soon as possible. The primary task will be to
gather population data on coral reef fish and invertebrates, and to test a
new stock assessment monitoring protocol (MAQTRAC) specially designed for
marine aquarium trade organisms. The scientist will be based almost entirely
in the field and will carry out the work primarily in the Philippines,
Indonesia and Fiji. The scientist will be supported by a field network of
Reef Check, Marine Aquarium Council and IMA scientists and managers and will
collaborate with other partners including WWF and US NOAA. The position is
funded for one year with possibility of renewal for a longer period.

Applicants should have:
1)      Excellent species-level taxonomic skills with Indo-pacific coral
reef
fish and a good knowledge of coral reef invertebrate taxonomy;
2)      At least two years experience field monitoring coral reef fish using
underwater visual census methods in the Indo-pacific region;
3)      Solid understanding of and ability to work with multivariate
statistics
and standard fisheries models including surplus production and
yield-per-recruit models;
4)      Ability to work independently and for long periods in remote
locations
where English is not commonly spoken;
5)      Excellent health and be willing to spend at least 50% of the work
days
underwater;
6)      Fluency in spoken English and demonstrated ability to write high
quality
technical reports;
7)      A valid passport and ability to travel to and from the three target
countries.
8)      Certified diver (200+ dives).

For the right person, this will be a dream position to work in exotic
locations and to carry out ground-breaking, much-needed research on a highly
controversial fishery. This is an opportunity to develop the basic science
needed to determine whether it is possible to sustainably manage the
collection of coral reef fish and invertebrates for the marine aquarium
trade.

Applicants should send their CV, a list of three references (with email
address and telephone numbers), previous salary history and expected salary
for this position in US$, and a cover letter providing further details about
how the applicants experience matches the requirements to Program Manager
Lena Maun at <rcheck@ucla.edu> Tel: (1) 310-794-4985 Fax: (1)
310-825-0758. The position will be open until filled and is open to citizens
of any country. The applicant should be prepared to start field work by
January 1, 2002 at the latest.

Hope you are having a great day!

Kelly
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Kelly McGee
Outreach Coordinator
Reef Check Headquarters
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall, Box 951496
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA
1-310-794-4985 (phone)
1-310-825-0758 (fax)
rcheck2@ucla.edu
www.reefcheck.org
Starfish are falling stars
who have landed in the sea

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Job Position available - please ignore
Date: Tue, 27 Aug 2002 16:33:52 -0700
From: "Reef Check Headquarters" <rcheck@ucla.edu>
To: <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>

Please ignore the past email sent out for mid-level coral reef fisheries
scientist. This was a mistake. I am truly sorry for any inconvenience.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Coral Reefs vol. 21 no. 2 (2002)
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2002 08:08:48 -0400
From: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The following articles in the latest Coral Reefs journal may be of use
to coral-listers:

Record 1.
TI: Experience shapes the susceptibility of a reef coral to bleaching
AU: Brown, BE; Dunne, RP; Goodson, MS; Douglas, AE
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 119-126
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 2.
TI: A cnidarian neuropeptide of the GLWamide family induces
metamorphosis of reef-building corals in the genus Acropora
AU: Iwao, K; Fujisawa, T; Hatta, M
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 127-130
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 3.
TI: Do sponges exchange secondary metabolites?
AU: Schaft, D; Mebs, D
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 130-159
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 4.
TI: Responses of coral and fish assemblages to a severe but short-lived
tropical cyclone on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia
AU: Cheal, AJ; Coleman, G; Delean, S; Miller, I; Osborne, K; Sweatman, H
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 131-146
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 5.
TI: Genetic evidence for a protozoan (phylum Apicomplexa) associated
with corals of the Montastraea annularis species complex
AU: Toller, WW; Rowan, R; Knowlton, N
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 143-154
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 6.
TI: Choosing the appropriate spatial resolution for monitoring coral
bleaching events using remote sensing
AU: Andrefouet, S; Berkelmans, R; Odriozola, L; Done, T; Oliver, J;
MullerKarger, F
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 147-160
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 7.
TI: Large-scale surveys on the Florida Reef Tract indicate poor recovery
of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema antillarum
AU: Chiappone, M; Swanson, DW; Miller, SL; Smith, SG
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 155-178
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 8.
TI: Occurrence of Trapezia associated with Acropora: on the "wrong" host
coral?
AU: Tsuchiya, M; Nojima, S
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 160-190
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 9.
TI: Sexual reproduction of Brazilian coral Mussismilia hispida (Verrill,
1902)
AU: Neves, EG; Pires, DO
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 161-168
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 10.
TI: Evaluation of the fidelity of isotope records as an environmental
proxy in the coral Montastraea
AU: Watanabe, T; Winter, A; Oba, T; Anzai, R; Ishioroshi, H
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 169-204
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 11.
TI: An analysis of the loss of acroporid corals at Looe Key, Florida,
USA: 1983-2000
AU: Miller, MW; Bourque, AS; Bohnsack, JA
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 179-182
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 12.
TI: Tidal current orientation of Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae)
AU: Zeller, DC
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 183-187
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 13.
TI: Fishes other than anemonefishes that associate with sea anemones
AU: Randall, JE; Fautin, DG
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 188-192
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 14.
TI: Intertidal reefs under extreme tidal flux in Buccaneer Archipelago,
Western Australia
AU: Purcell, SW
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 191-223
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 15.
TI: Normalizing physiological data for scleractinian corals
AU: Edmunds, PJ; Gates, RD
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 193-197
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 16.
TI: Observations on a new two-sponge symbiosis from the Florida Keys
AU: Wilcox, TP; Hill, M; DeMeo, K
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 198-225
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 17.
TI: Gorgonian distribution patterns in coral reef environments of the
Gulf of Mexico: evidence of sporadic ecological connectivity?
AU: JordanDahlgren, E
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 205-215
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 18.
TI: Evaluating the use of roving diver and transect surveys to assess
the coral reef fish assemblage off southeastern Hispaniola
AU: Schmitt, EF; Sluka, RD; SullivanSealey, KM
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 216
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 19.
TI: Cryptic species of Acropora digitifera
AU: Hayashibara, T; Shimoike, K
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 224
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028
URL: http://www.ingenta.com/isis/searching/Expand/ingenta?unc=1023494136
Click on the URL to purchase the article or to link to other issues of
the publication.

Record 20.
TI: Book review of Committee on the Evaluation, Design, and Monitoring
of Marine Reserves and Protected Areas in the United States; Ocean
Studies Board; Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources;
National Research Council (2001) Marine Protected Areas: Tools for
Sustaining Ocean Ecosystems
AU: Thomas, JD
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 226-228
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028

Record 21.
TI: Eberhard Gischler (ed): Mojsisovics on the Triassic Reefs of the
Dolomites (1879). University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and
Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, 2001
AU: Stanley, GD
JN: Coral Reefs
PD: 2002
VO: 21
NO: 2
PG: 229-230
PB: SPRINGER VERLAG KG
IS: 0722-4028
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: assistance in Jordan
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2002 10:40:16 EDT
From: Brylske@aol.com
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Might anyone with experience in the region be able to help this guy? (See
message below.) I'd me happy to act as go-between.

Alex F. Brylske, Ph.D.
Marine Conservation & Education Specialist
Project AWARE Foundation

Please respond to:
3324 SW 8th Court
Cape Coral, Florida 33914
USA
800-729-7234, ext. 2675 (phone-US toll free)
239-945-1987 (phone)
239-945-1926 (fax)
alexb@projectaware.org (Email)

To learn more about Project AWARE, log on to: www.projectaware.org

-----------------------
I'm work in Jordan Royal Ecological Diving Society(JREDS).

I've heard about you from Ms.Domino PADI AWARE coordinator.

Now we face some problem.

We are looking for the agency that can analize dead sea coral.

For example, when was this coral dead?
             how was this coral dead?
             what kind of coral is this?

If possible, we would like to find nearer agency  from Jordan.

Do you have any information about it?

Please give me any comment.
It's urgent matter.

Thanks,                        JREDS Research coordinator
                                 Tom Miyamoto


~~~~~~~
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Subject: Reef Check Five Year Report
Date: Wed, 28 Aug 2002 16:56:59 -0700
From: "Lena Maun" <lmaun@ucla.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Reef Check Foundation proudly reports our 5-year report:

5 Years of Reef Check: The Global Coral Reef Crisis, Trends and Solutions

is now available.

Reef Check was developed in 1996 as a volunteer, community-based monitoring
protocol designed to measure the health of coral reefs on a global scale.
Now in its sixth year of operation, Reef Check is active in over 60
countries and territories throughout the tropical world.

The report is a culmination of standardized data recorded between 1997 and
2001 at over 1500 reefs in the Atlantic, Indo-pacific and Red Sea. Following
quality assurance procedures, 1107 sites were accepted for analysis.

Key findings included:
 At the global scale, zero spiny lobster were recorded at 83% of shallow
reefs indicating severe overfishing; there was a significant decline in
lobster abundance in the Atlantic;

 The mean abundance of Diadema sea urchins decreased significantly in the
Indo-Pacific from 1998 to 2000, approaching levels similar to those found in
the Atlantic and possibly indicating ecological destabilization;

 Four species of fish are in critical condition: Nassau grouper were absent
from 82% of shallow Caribbean reefs  only eight reefs had more than one
fish. Barramundi cod, bumphead parrotfish and humphead wrasse were missing
from 95%, 89% and 88% of Indo-pacific reefs respectively;

 The 1997-98 bleaching event reduced live coral cover by 10% globally,
indicating that coral reefs are a sensitive indicator of global warming;

 Marine protected areas (MPAs) in developing countries are showing some
success. Five of ten fish and one of ten invertebrate indicators were
significantly more abundant inside than outside MPAs.

The Executive Summary is now online at www.reefcheck.org

Full Reports, in both print and CD format, are available to order. Ordering
information can be found on our website at www.reefcheck.org

Please contact rcheck@ucla.edu or 310 794-4985 for more information. Thanks!

--------------------------------------------
Lena Maun, Program Manager
Reef Check
Institute of the Environment
1652 Hershey Hall, UCLA
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496
Tel: 310-794-4985
Fax: 310-825-0758

><((((>`..`..`...><((((>.
`.. , . .`.. ><((((>`..`..`...><((((>

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Systema Porifera
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2002 14:10:38 +0100
From: "Lawrence, Joanna" <jlawrence@plenum.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Marine Scientists!

Please see the email contact below for a PDF announcement and order form
for the forthcoming classification guide Systema Porifera, edited by
John Hooper of Queensland Museum, Brisbane, and Rob van Soest of the
University of Amsterdam. I am sending this to you in the hope that it
may be of interest to you or to your colleagues.

This book provides a tool for biologists to document the rich
biodiversity of the phylum porifera. It provides a unified
classification for this phylum, and serves as a sound platform to build
on sponge systematics in the future. It is an essential reference for
anyone working on marine biodiversity.

The coverage is truly food for thought: 680 genera of living sponges (in
127 families, 25 orders and three classes) and 1,000 genera of fossil
sponges (245 families, 30 orders and six classes). These genera have
all been revised and refined, as have all families and orders. They are
illustrated by 1,200 figures, many of which are full page and all of top
quality. The mass of information is staggering.

I am pleased to be offering a special prepublication discount of
USD$99.95 or Euro 105 valid until 5th October.  The list price due to be
set by the end of September will be substantially higher so I urge you
to take advantage of this short term special offer and order your copy
now. Both volumes will then be shipped direct to your address upon
publication.

Please also feel free to circulate this announcement to any of your
colleagues who may be interested in this comprehensive new guide.

Joanna Lawrence
Senior Publishing Editor (Biosciences)
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
London Office
241 Borough High Street
London SE1 1GB, UK

Tel: +44 20 7940 7492
Fax: +44 20 7940 7495
Email: Jo@plenum.co.uk
http://www.wkap.nl

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Tortugas shining light in Florida's damaged reefs (Environmental
     News Network / Reuters, 8/28/02)
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2002 10:19:55 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tortugas shining light in Florida's damaged reefs

   By Jim Loney , Reuters

   Environmental News Network
   http://www.enn.com

   Wednesday, August 28, 2002

http://www.enn.com/news/wire-stories/2002/08/08282002/reu_48276.asp

SHERWOOD FOREST, Dry Tortugas, Fla. - In this fecund forest, multihued
toadstool shapes rise from a bountiful floor where strange things jostle
for space, feathery boughs dance on a soft current, and wary eyes glint
from a thousand dark crevasses.

The pale light that filters from above reveals scaly plates creeping over a
stony plateau and downy fingers reaching skyward. Crimson boulders glow,
lit by some internal fire.

Unlike the legendary Nottinghamshire lair of Robin Hood, this fantasy land
called Sherwood Forest is not a royal hunting ground and hideout for wily
outlaws but a real and rare tract of pristine coral reef under 80 feet of
subtropical Florida waters forbidden to maritime hunters.

Some scientists see it as a refuge of hope in a spiraling undersea crisis.

"This is one of the best remaining coral reef habitats in the United States
and the best nursery habitat in the United States," said Billy Causey, a
marine biologist who as superintendent of the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary is chief guardian of the Dry Tortugas reefs.

A tiny cluster of sand and coral islands, the remote Dry Tortugas - a
discovery credited to Ponce de Leon in 1513 - host perhaps the United
States' best-protected coral reefs.

While technically part of the Florida Keys, the Tortugas are 70 miles of
open water from the rest of the Keys, a 100-mile-long chain of islands
connected by bridges off the southern tip of the Florida peninsula.

The barrier reef that lies about 6 miles seaward of the Keys has
deteriorated badly in the last two decades, suffering the ravages of global
climate change, polluted water running off the Florida mainland and damage
from scuba divers and fishermen who are part of a booming Keys tourist
economy welcoming more than 2.5 million people a year.

TEEMING WITH LIFE

In contrast to the patchy coral at most of the Florida Keys barrier reef,
the Dry Tortugas are teeming with life.

Florida Keys charter boat captain Tim Taylor is generally credited with
naming Sherwood Forest.

"After 20 years of diving down here, the formations are different than
anywhere I've ever seen," he said. "It looks like the floor of a forest, a
giant forest, with the ground cover spreading out and the light filtering
down from above."

Sherwood Forest is largely flat, like a vast coral plain, contrasting
sharply with the canyons and mounds of most reefs. It is probably the
oldest, and possibly the largest coral reef tract in the Florida Keys, said
Walt Jaap, a research scientist at the Florida Marine Research Institute.

"It goes back over 9,000 years," Jaap said. "It's a huge reef, one of the
largest expanses of reef we know of, miles long and a mile in width."

Coral reefs are fragile geological marvels constructed by tiny creatures
called polyps, which grow on a limestone base. Ornate and visually
stunning, they are often compared to flower gardens and are considered
vital to the health of surrounding water, hosting microscopic organisms on
which larger creatures feed and providing shelter for fish, lobster, and
other life.

Reefs grow slowly, as little as half an inch per year, and polyps need the
right combination of light, warmth, and pure water to survive.

At Sherwood Forest and nearby spots with names like Gary's Grotto and
Anne's Rolling Hills, leafy lettuce corals and scroll corals abound. Tube
sponges appear in amber and pale green. Great star coral boulders shine
crimson and orange, their fluorescent pigments emitting color even at
depths where reddish tints normally disappear.

At 80 feet, rare black corals appear. Cherished as jewelry in some parts of
the world, they are more beautiful still in their natural state, with
slender branches like conifer boughs coated in filaments of emerald and
aqua.

"We're seeing 40 to 60 percent coral cover here," Causey said. "Up the Keys
our scientists are seeing 5 percent up to 15 percent, but mostly 5
percent."

MAN ON A MISSION

A graying, stocky marine biologist who began diving in the '50s and once
collected tropical fish for a living, Causey, 58, speaks zealously about
the need for "marine zoning," similar to landside development zoning, as a
way to guard dwindling fish stocks and corals.

"We've already seen 30 percent of the coral reefs on this planet decline to
the point where they may not survive. We've seen systems that have been on
Earth for 400 million years decline to the point where they may not
survive."

"It's almost like seeing a great forest clear-cut. We've seen coral heads
two and three hundred years old die."

Causey's domain is a 2,900-square-nautical-mile area designated by the U.S.
Congress for special protection in 1990. Within that vast area - from the
Dry Tortugas to just south of Miami - lie a series of more rigidly
protected zones, some of which allow no fishing, no discharge of waste,
literally no touching of any marine plant or animal.

That protection is showing results, scientists said.

"I couldn't believe the number of yellowtail on that reef," Causey said. He
said stocks of tiny, colorful tropical fish, larger food fish, lobster and
other creatures pushed to perilous lows by commercial and recreational
fishers, are reappearing.

"The schools of yellowtail were simply not here before. Black grouper were
not here. Those are signs of health."

The isolated Tortugas reefs are cleaner, devoid of the algae that can serve
as a harbinger of trouble. There are only sporadic signs of coral bleaching
or disease.

Along the underwater foundation of Fort Jefferson, the six-sided Civil War-
era fort in the Dry Tortugas, long-spined sea urchins, which suffered a
massive die-off in the 1980s, are plentiful, another good sign.

Corals grow vigorously along the fort wall. When a shrimp boat ran aground
there in January, sanctuary workers cemented brain and other damaged corals
back into place and already they are showing signs of regeneration.

"The corals are looking good," said Steve Baumgartner, a sanctuary
operations manager. "They are getting their color back."

 # # #

http://www.enn.com/news/wire-stories/2002/08/08282002/reu_48276.asp

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Subject: "Hexacoral'" on-line database upgrade
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2002 14:42:00 -0500
From: "Robert W. Buddemeier" <buddrw@ku.edu>
Organization: KGS
To: coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

BIOLOGICAL/ENVIRONMENTAL DATABASE UPGRADE

New and expanded data, search capabilities, and tools have been added to
"Biogeoinformatics of Hexacorallia"
(http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Hexacoral). "Hexacoral" is part of the Ocean
Biogeographic Information System (OBIS: http://www.iobis.org/), and has
been jointly sponsored by NSF and the Land-Ocean Interactions in the
Coastal Zone (LOICZ:  http://www.nioz.nl/loicz) project of the IGBP.

Taxonomic enhancements include several thousand more georeferenced
occurrence records, and continued addition of taxa.  Mapping tools show
locations with associated precision and the environmental
characteristics of the georeferenced points. For scleractinian taxa of
common interest, there is now an interoperable dynamic search and data
link between "Hexacoral" and the NMITA database (Neogene Marine Biota of
Tropical America;  http://porites.geology.uiowa.edu/).

The 30' environmental database, now available without password control,
has more environmental variables and a revised 'selected' database of
the most widely used variables.  Location selection options have been
expanded to include 'zoom and click' map entry, manual entry forms for
point locations or ranges, or upload of range or point location files.
Database output can be viewed, filtered, recalculated, or examined for
correlations and statistical characteristics online; it can then be
downloaded or transmitted to the associated LOICZView geospatial
clustering tool (password required but available on request).

In addition to interoperability with NMITA, searches of Hexacoral as
well as other OBIS sites can be initiated from the OBIS portal.   Obis
partners Fishbase (http://www.fishbase.org/) and Cephbase
(http://cephbase.nrcc.utmb.edu/) now use remote environmental database
and/or mapping tool links to Hexacoral to provide location visualization
and environmental information on their holdings.

Daphne G. Fautin, PI
Robert W. Buddemeier, Co-I

--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Avenue
Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
e-mail: buddrw@ku.edu
ph (1) (785) 864-2112
fax (1) (785) 864-5317

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Subject: Job Announcement: Florida Keys
Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2002 16:13:56 -0400
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net>
To: NOAA Coral List <noaa.coral@noaa.gov>

POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT: Research Associate for Coral Reef Rapid
Assessment and Monitoring Program in the Florida Keys
University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW)

(position is located in Key Largo, Florida)

DESCRIPTION

One person will be hired to work full time as part of UNCW's coral reef
rapid assessment and monitoring program in the Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary.  The program focus includes marine protected areas and
also addresses community structure and condition at multiple spatial
scales in nearshore to offshore habitats.  The position involves
extensive fieldwork using scuba diving and rapid turn-around of data for
analysis and publications.  Every year, there are 3-5 extended field
trips that average 7 to 14 days throughout the Keys, as well as periodic
daily excursions from Key Largo and other locations.  Fieldwork includes
scuba diving to 35 m.  Underwater tasks include in situ assessments of
species richness, density, and other ecological parameters.  Taxonomic
expertise - at the species level for Caribbean/Florida fauna - in two of
the following groups is required: gorgonians, sponges, corals.
Demonstrated ability to work efficiently and accurately underwater is
required. The position also requires: a B.S. (M.S. or Ph.D. preferred)
in biology or marine science; at least three years of field experience;
dive and small boat experience; familiarity with computers and GIS; and
experience managing large data sets.  Experience organizing and
conducting extended field operations is desirable as is statistical
expertise using SAS.  The position will be hired at the Research
Associate level through UNCW's Center for Marine Science, with
responsibilities including the field work described above, and
laboratory work related to data management, statistical analysis, and
writing.  The position is for one year with the possibility of
additional support for several years.

HIRING RANGE:  $28,000 - $36,000:  commensurate with experience.
DEADLINE TO APPLY:  Applications received before September 18, 2002,
will receive priority.
START DATE:  Negotiable, but not sooner than October 7, 2002.

Applicants should send a letter that outlines experience related to the
above description, a resume, and names of three people for letters of
reference to:

Dr. Steven L. Miller, University of North Carolina at Wilmington,
National Undersea Research Center, 515 Caribbean Drive, Key Largo,
Florida 33037.

For questions or further information please contact Steven Miller (Tel:
305 451 0233, email: millers@uncwil.edu).

"UNCW is an equal opportunity, affirmative action employer."
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Nomination for U.S. Coral Reef Task Force awards
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 2002 19:33:35 -0400
From: "Heidi Schuttenberg" <Heidi.Schuttenberg@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The next meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force is
taking place October 2-3, 2002, in San Juan, Puerto Rico.  At this
meeting, the Task Force will continue its "tradition" of presenting
awards to individuals and organizations in recognition of their
contributions to coral reef conservation and management.  This email is
a call for nominations for the '02 CRTF awards in the following
categories:

- Outstanding Management
- Outstanding Scientific Advancement of Knowledge
- Outstanding Public Awareness and Education
- Outstanding Community-Level Participation

In addition, we are adding a category of award to recognize an
outstanding effort in the host location - Puerto Rico in the case of
this call for nominations.

Nominations are due no later than Friday, September 6 to Macara Lousberg

at the U.S. EPA (contact information appears below).  Nominations are
open to individuals and organizations in all categories for both
domestic and international activities.  Each nomination should provide
the following information:

1. Award category proposed for nominee:

2. Name of Nominee (individual or organization):

3. Phone:

4. Email:

5. Fax:

6. Address:

7. Justification for Award Recognition: Description of significant
contributions to coral reef conservation and management over the past
year (1 paragraph).

8. Nomination submitted by: (include name and contact information

FYI - the following individuals and organizations have been recognized
by the CRTF at past awards ceremonies:

* Reef Check Foundation, in recognition of significant education and
outreach efforts for coral reef conservation
* Virgin Islands Coastal Zone Management Program, in recognition of
significant U.S. efforts for coral reef conservation
* Guam Division of Aquatic and Wildlife Resources, in recognition of
significant U.S. efforts for coral reef conservation
* The Nature Conservancy, award for significant International

Contributions to coral reef conservation:
* Rafe Pomerance, for initiating the GCRMN to monitor global change
impacts

* The Government of the Bahamas, for establishing a national network of
coral reef MPAs

Nominations will be reviewed by an awards evaluation team, which will
make recomendations to the TF for its consideration, and awards will be
presented at the meeting in October.  If you have any questions, please
feel free to contact Macara Lousberg or any of the other members of the
organizing committee:

Roger Griffis with NOAA at:  Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov
Heidi Schuttenberg with NOAA at: Heidi.Schuttenberg@noaa.gov
Arthur Patterson with NOAA at: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov
Karen Koltes with DOI at: karen_koltes@ios.doi.gov
Randy Bowman with DOI at:  Randal_Bowman@ios.doi.gov
Barbara Best with AID at: BBest@usaid.gov
Damaris Delgado with the Puerto Rico CZMP at: PRCZMP@CARIBE.NET

Please forward this email to your coral networks and contacts so that we

can get a wide distribution.  Thanks, and we look forward to receiving
some great nominations!

Macara

Macara Lousberg
email: lousberg.macara@epa.gov
Phone: 202-566-1308
Fax: 202-566-1544

Mailing address:
U.S. EPA (4501T)
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC  20460

Street address for meetings and deliveries:
1301 Constitution Avenue, NW
Room 7136G
Washington, DC  20004

--
Heidi Schuttenberg
Environmental Policy Specialist
NOAA Ocean Service
Office of Response and Restoration

ph:  301-713-2989 x224
fx:  301-713-4389

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Subject: Coral Mass Spawning in Puerto Rico
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 2002 10:33:48 -0700 (PDT)
From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-listers.

Saludos desde Puerto Rico. This is to provide a
summary report of our observations during the 2002
coral mass spawning event which occurred on the
evening of last Thursday Aug. 29.

Anyone interested in some digital images of the
spawning activities may answer directly to me. Any
other observations from the Caribbean will be
appreaciated.

Cheers,

Edwin A. Hernandez, Ph.D.
UPR-Biology
coral_giac@yahoo.com
__________________________________

Summary report of the 2002 coral mass spawning event
at the Luis Pea Channel Marine Fishery Reserve,
Culebra Island, Puerto Rico.

Edwin A. Hernndez-Delgado 1
Mary Ann Lucking 2

1 University of Puerto Rico, Department of Biology,
Coral Reef Research Group, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan,
Puerto Rico 00931-3360. coral_giac@yahoo.com

2 Coralations, P.O. Box 750, Culebra, Puerto Rico
00775. corals@caribe.net

The following is a brief summary of our observations
during the coral mass spawning event documented during
the evening of Thursday August 29, 2002 (7th evening
after the full moon) at Carlos Rosario Beach, within
the Luis Pea Channel Marine Fishery Reserve, Culebra
Island.  The MFR is located at approximately 28 km off
Northeastern Puerto Rico.  Observations were made
between 20:30 and 23:10.  Tide was high, very calm
seas with excellent visibility.

No information is available of spawning activities in
Culebra during the 5th and 6th evenings after the full
moon.  But continuous routine diving during August
27-29, 2002 showed no evidence of coral gamete bundles
in the water.  No spawning was observed during the 5th
or 6th evenings (August 27-28, 2002) at La Parguera,
P.R. (Hctor Ruz, pers. com., UPR-Dept. Marine
Sciences, Mayaguez), or during the 5th evening at St.
Thomas (Sandra Romano, pers. com., UVI, St. Thomas).

Species                 Hour

Acropora palmata        21:30-21:40

Isolated polyps from a single colony spawned at 15-30
second intervals (1 m depth).  To our knowledge, this
is the first time that we have seen this species
spawning on the 7th evening after the full moon.

Diploria strigosa       22:05-22:20

Most of the colonies present spawned simultaneously.
Not all polyps spawned. (0.5-5 m).

Diploria clivosa        21:55-22:00

Several colonies spawned simultaneously. Not all
polyps spawned (0.5-5 m).

Montastrea annularis (columnar) 22:15-22:45

Most, but not all of the colonies spawned (0.5-5 m).
Most of the polyps of the spawning colonies released
gamete bundles, first those from the top of the
colonies, then those from the side, and finally those
from the bottom. Large (>2 m) and small (<20 cm)
colonies were observed spawning.  Spawning was
preceded by crawling brittle stars (Ophiocoma) and
Fireworm, Hermodice carunculata, approximately 2-3
minutes before spawning.  These species were observed
atop living surfaces of the corals when polyps were
fully distended and ready to release egg-sperm
bundles.

In addition, several colonies were observed to be
fully distended but did not release the gamete
bundles. It is suspected that the extremely high
density of plaktonic creatures just atop the surface
of the coral due to the attraction by the dive and
video-camera lights might have been factors that might
have prevented these few colonies to spawn.  They are
expected to spawn during the next evening.

It is interesting to point out that several colonies
of this species never showed signs of spawning,
suggesting the possibility that spawning might have
occurred during the 6th evening after the full moon
(Aug. 28, 20002), or they might have occurred on the
8th evening (Aug. 30, 2002).

Montastrea faveolata (platy)            22:00-22:15

Most, but not all of the colonies spawned (0.5-5 m).
Most of the polyps of the spawning colonies released
gamete bundles, first those from the top of the
colonies, then those from the side, and finally those
from the bottom. Large (>3 m) and small (<50 cm)
colonies were observed spawning.  Spawning was
preceded by crawling brittle stars (Ophiocoma)
approximately 2-3 minutes before spawning.  This
species was observed atop living surfaces of the
corals when polyps were fully distended and ready to
release egg-sperm bundles.  Polyp distension was
documented since approximately 20:45.

It is interesting to point out that several colonies
of this species never showed signs of spawning,
suggesting the possibility that spawning might have
occurred during the 6th evening after the full moon
(Aug. 28, 20002), or they might have occurred on the
8th evening (Aug. 30, 2002).

Montastrea franksi (massive)            22:00-22:10

Most, but not all of the colonies spawned (3-5 m).
Most of the polyps of the spawning colonies released
gamete bundles, first those from the top of the
colonies, then those from the side, and finally those
from the bottom. Large (>1 m) and small (<20 cm)
colonies were observed spawning.  Spawning was
preceded by crawling brittle stars (Ophiocoma)
approximately 2-3 minutes before spawning.  This
species was observed atop living surfaces of the
corals when polyps were fully distended and ready to
release egg-sperm bundles.  Polyp distension was
documented since approximately 21:30.

It is interesting to point out that several colonies
of this species never showed signs of spawning,
suggesting the possibility that spawning might have
occurred during the 6th evening after the full moon
(Aug. 28, 20002), or they might have occurred on the
8th evening (Aug. 30, 2002).

Porites porites (f. porites)            21:00-21:05

One colony was observed spawning in a single burst by
one of the crew members (2.5 m).

Other species documented during the dive, but not
observed spawning:

Acropora cervicornis
Agaricia agaricites (f. agaricites)
Agaricia agaricites (f. purpurea)
Agaricia agaricites (f. danai)
Agaricia agaricites (f. carinata)
Leptoseris cucullata
Diploria labyrinthiformis
Favia fragum
Siderastrea siderea
Siderastrea radians
Dendrogyra cylindrus
Isophyllastrea rigida
Isophyllia sinuosa
Tubastrea aurea
Millepora alcicornis
Millepora complanata
Millepora squarrosa

Acknowledgements

This survey trip was made possible by the grateful
collaboration of Elam Rico Rossy from Villa Boheme,
Culebra, who provided all the logistical support and
transportation to the Reserve.  Also, thanks to Mary
Ann Lucking, from Coralations, who also collaborated
with all the logistical support in Culebra.  Many
thanks to all of the other diving crew members, which
included Carlos Carrin, Jovino Mrquez, Robert Matos,
Rico Rossy, Edgardo, Waleska, Paloma, and Yari.

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Finance - Get real-time stock quotes
http://finance.yahoo.com
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Subject: Red Sea CR Management
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2002 11:26:40 +0100
From: "William Templeman" <moonwrasse2001@yahoo.co.uk>
Reply-To: "William Templeman" <will@moonwrasse.org>
Organization: Moonwrasse
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

We would be very keen to here from anyone working in the Red Sea region
either as an NGO, EEAA associate or individual who is involved in the
implementation of CR resource management initiatives or local community
workshops. We would like to assist where possible through our volunteer
programme.

Grateful for your response

William Templeman
Moonwrasse

Subject: Re: Red Sea CR Management
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2002 14:21:32 +0300
From: "Hanneke VanLavieren" <Hanneke.VanLavieren@unep.org>
To: will@moonwrasse.org, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The  UNEP - Regional Organization for the Conservation of the Environment
of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden is an official regional organization based
in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, responsible for the development and implementation
of regional programmes for the protection and conservation of the
marine environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden.

http://www.unep.ch/seas/main/persga/red.html

PERSGA
P.O. Box 53662
Jeddah 21583
Saudi Arabia
Tel.: 02-657-3224; 02-657-3228; 02-653-4563.
 Fax: 02-651-4472.
Email: persga@persga.org

I am sure they will be able to give you more information on the
organizations etc. working on CRM in the region.

regards

Hanneke van Lavieren (Ms)
Junior Programme Officer
Regional Seas and Coral Reef Unit
Division of Environmental Conventions
UNEP
P.O.Box 30552      Room T-217
Nairobi, Kenya
Tel: (254) 2 624052   Fax: (254) 2 624 618
Mobile: ++ (254) 722 222 285

                    "William Templeman"
                    <moonwrasse2001@yaho       To:
<coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
                    o.co.uk>                   cc:
                    Sent by:                   Subject:     Red Sea CR
Management
                    owner-coral-list@aom
                    l.noaa.gov


                    09/02/02 01:26 PM
                    Please respond to
                    "William Templeman"


We would be very keen to here from anyone working in the Red Sea region
either as an NGO, EEAA associate or individual who is involved in the
implementation of CR resource management initiatives or local community
workshops. We would like to assist where possible through our volunteer
programme.

Grateful for your response

William Templeman
Moonwrasse

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Citation
Date: Wed, 04 Sep 2002 16:14:51 -0500
From: "Omar J. Guerra" <neptunes_nrg@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hola Coral Reefers,

I'm trying to read the reference decal on my "CARIBBEAN CORAL DISEASE (a
submersible identification reference)" so that I can cite it in my thesis,
but since I put it in the water, it's no longer legible.  Oops.

Is there anyone out there who can send me the citation for the guide?

More info:

-Photos by Raymond Hayes, Marshall Hayes, James Cervino, Laurie Richardson

-Spanish and english text

-Funded by HEED Global Change program (I originally sent an email to
coral@heed.harvard.edu, but it said the server would't respond)

NOAA/OGP, NASA and Harvard

-Copyright, Assoc. of Marine Labs of the Caribbean and the Global Coral Reef
Alliance.  1997.

Thanks for your time and help.

--------------

<'//><     <'//><     <'//><     <'//><     <'//><     <'//><

Omar J. Guerra
Graduate Research Assistant
Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies
Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi
(361)825-5869

<'//><     <'//><     <'//><     <'//><     <'//><     <'//><


  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: Click Here
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Subject: growth rates for Paragorgia arborea
Date: Thu, 5 Sep 2002 10:15:41 -0700
From: "dave fraser" <dfraser@olympus.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

i am searching for information on age and growth rates for Paragorgia =
arborea or ''bubblegum coral." =20

i wonder if some of you might have some personal knowledge you could =
pass on to me regarding typical ages and growth rates for bubblegum =
coral in northern latitudes (50-60 degrees north)  in the 100-200 meter
=
depth range.=20

thanks

dave fraser
dfraser@olympus.net
~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: Coral Mass Spawning in Puerto Rico and Veracruz(new)
Date: Mon, 9 Sep 2002 09:01:44 -0500
From: "Wes Tunnell" <jtunnell@falcon.tamucc.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, "Hernandez Edwin" <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
CC: "Dr. Sylvia Earle" <saearle@aol.com>, "Kip Evans" <kelpcat@aol.com>,
     "Dr. Alberto Vazquez de la Cer" <albertomvc@yahoo.com>

Dear Coral-Listers,

As an addition to Edwin's list and that of others, I would like to briefly
mention that we have just returned from a research cruise to the Veracruz,
Mexico, reef system and observed coral mass spawning there for the first
time.  The cruise was a collaborative effort between the new Harte Research
Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, the National Geographic Society's
Sustainable Seas Expeditions, and the Mexican Navy's Oceanographic
Institute.  We were aboard the R/V Antares, belonging to the Mexican Navy's
Oceanographic Institute, and were using SCUBA and the mini-submersibles,
DeepWorker and DeepRover, to document the status and trends of the Veracruz
Reef System.  The coral mass spawning that we observed on Santiaguillo Reef,
and we assume was occurring on the other 20 plus reefs in the immediate
area, started around 2130hrs and was in full swing between 2145hrs and at
least 2215hrs, when the divers had to surface. The primary spawning species
was Montastraea faveolata, which occurs commonly on the leeward side of many
of the reefs of this region.  National Geographic Photographer Kip Evans
documented the spawning event on video and still camera.  A forth-coming
short note with photographs will give more details.

Regards,
Wes

John W. (Wes) Tunnell, Jr., Ph.D.

Associate Director, Harte Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies and Harte
Research Scientist

Director, Center for Coastal Studies and Professor of Biology

Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
6300 Ocean Drive NRC 3200
Corpus Christi, Texas 78412

Phone: 361.825.2736
Fax: 361.825.2770

jtunnell@falcon.tamucc.edu
www.sci.tamucc.edu/ccs/welcome.htm

"Life is a journey that's measured not in miles or years but in experiences"
Jimmy Buffett, A Pirate Looks at Fifty, 1998

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Hernandez Edwin
Sent: Saturday, August 31, 2002 12:34
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Mass Spawning in Puerto Rico

Dear coral-listers.

Saludos desde Puerto Rico. This is to provide a
summary report of our observations during the 2002
coral mass spawning event which occurred on the
evening of last Thursday Aug. 29.

Anyone interested in some digital images of the
spawning activities may answer directly to me. Any
other observations from the Caribbean will be
appreaciated.

Cheers,

Edwin A. Hernandez, Ph.D.
UPR-Biology
coral_giac@yahoo.com
__________________________________

Summary report of the 2002 coral mass spawning event
at the Luis Peqa Channel Marine Fishery Reserve,
Culebra Island, Puerto Rico.

Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado 1
Mary Ann Lucking 2

1 University of Puerto Rico, Department of Biology,
Coral Reef Research Group, P.O. Box 23360, San Juan,
Puerto Rico 00931-3360. coral_giac@yahoo.com

2 Coralations, P.O. Box 750, Culebra, Puerto Rico
00775. corals@caribe.net

The following is a brief summary of our observations
during the coral mass spawning event documented during
the evening of Thursday August 29, 2002 (7th evening
after the full moon) at Carlos Rosario Beach, within
the Luis Peqa Channel Marine Fishery Reserve, Culebra
Island.  The MFR is located at approximately 28 km off
Northeastern Puerto Rico.  Observations were made
between 20:30 and 23:10.  Tide was high, very calm
seas with excellent visibility.

No information is available of spawning activities in
Culebra during the 5th and 6th evenings after the full
moon.  But continuous routine diving during August
27-29, 2002 showed no evidence of coral gamete bundles
in the water.  No spawning was observed during the 5th
or 6th evenings (August 27-28, 2002) at La Parguera,
P.R. (Hictor Rumz, pers. com., UPR-Dept. Marine
Sciences, Mayaguez), or during the 5th evening at St.
Thomas (Sandra Romano, pers. com., UVI, St. Thomas).

Species                 Hour

Acropora palmata        21:30-21:40

Isolated polyps from a single colony spawned at 15-30
second intervals (1 m depth).  To our knowledge, this
is the first time that we have seen this species
spawning on the 7th evening after the full moon.

Diploria strigosa       22:05-22:20

Most of the colonies present spawned simultaneously.
Not all polyps spawned. (0.5-5 m).

Diploria clivosa        21:55-22:00

Several colonies spawned simultaneously. Not all
polyps spawned (0.5-5 m).

Montastrea annularis (columnar) 22:15-22:45

Most, but not all of the colonies spawned (0.5-5 m).
Most of the polyps of the spawning colonies released
gamete bundles, first those from the top of the
colonies, then those from the side, and finally those
from the bottom. Large (>2 m) and small (<20 cm)
colonies were observed spawning.  Spawning was
preceded by crawling brittle stars (Ophiocoma) and
Fireworm, Hermodice carunculata, approximately 2-3
minutes before spawning.  These species were observed
atop living surfaces of the corals when polyps were
fully distended and ready to release egg-sperm
bundles.

In addition, several colonies were observed to be
fully distended but did not release the gamete
bundles. It is suspected that the extremely high
density of plaktonic creatures just atop the surface
of the coral due to the attraction by the dive and
video-camera lights might have been factors that might
have prevented these few colonies to spawn.  They are
expected to spawn during the next evening.

It is interesting to point out that several colonies
of this species never showed signs of spawning,
suggesting the possibility that spawning might have
occurred during the 6th evening after the full moon
(Aug. 28, 20002), or they might have occurred on the
8th evening (Aug. 30, 2002).

Montastrea faveolata (platy)            22:00-22:15

Most, but not all of the colonies spawned (0.5-5 m).
Most of the polyps of the spawning colonies released
gamete bundles, first those from the top of the
colonies, then those from the side, and finally those
from the bottom. Large (>3 m) and small (<50 cm)
colonies were observed spawning.  Spawning was
preceded by crawling brittle stars (Ophiocoma)
approximately 2-3 minutes before spawning.  This
species was observed atop living surfaces of the
corals when polyps were fully distended and ready to
release egg-sperm bundles.  Polyp distension was
documented since approximately 20:45.

It is interesting to point out that several colonies
of this species never showed signs of spawning,
suggesting the possibility that spawning might have
occurred during the 6th evening after the full moon
(Aug. 28, 20002), or they might have occurred on the
8th evening (Aug. 30, 2002).

Montastrea franksi (massive)            22:00-22:10

Most, but not all of the colonies spawned (3-5 m).
Most of the polyps of the spawning colonies released
gamete bundles, first those from the top of the
colonies, then those from the side, and finally those
from the bottom. Large (>1 m) and small (<20 cm)
colonies were observed spawning.  Spawning was
preceded by crawling brittle stars (Ophiocoma)
approximately 2-3 minutes before spawning.  This
species was observed atop living surfaces of the
corals when polyps were fully distended and ready to
release egg-sperm bundles.  Polyp distension was
documented since approximately 21:30.

It is interesting to point out that several colonies
of this species never showed signs of spawning,
suggesting the possibility that spawning might have
occurred during the 6th evening after the full moon
(Aug. 28, 20002), or they might have occurred on the
8th evening (Aug. 30, 2002).

Porites porites (f. porites)            21:00-21:05

One colony was observed spawning in a single burst by
one of the crew members (2.5 m).

Other species documented during the dive, but not
observed spawning:

Acropora cervicornis
Agaricia agaricites (f. agaricites)
Agaricia agaricites (f. purpurea)
Agaricia agaricites (f. danai)
Agaricia agaricites (f. carinata)
Leptoseris cucullata
Diploria labyrinthiformis
Favia fragum
Siderastrea siderea
Siderastrea radians
Dendrogyra cylindrus
Isophyllastrea rigida
Isophyllia sinuosa
Tubastrea aurea
Millepora alcicornis
Millepora complanata
Millepora squarrosa

Acknowledgements

This survey trip was made possible by the grateful
collaboration of Elam Rico Rossy from Villa Boheme,
Culebra, who provided all the logistical support and
transportation to the Reserve.  Also, thanks to Mary
Ann Lucking, from Coralations, who also collaborated
with all the logistical support in Culebra.  Many
thanks to all of the other diving crew members, which
included Carlos Carrisn, Jovino Marquez, Robert Matos,
Rico Rossy, Edgardo, Waleska, Paloma, and Yari.

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Finance - Get real-time stock quotes
http://finance.yahoo.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Spawning
Date: Mon, 9 Sep 2002 14:35:03 -0400
From: "Ernesto Weil" <eweil@caribe.net>
To: "Corallist" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi everyone. Here I have included observations on the spawning event
of August in La Parguera, sothwest of PRico to complement the information
posted by Edwin for Culebra, in the eastern coast of PRico.

A gradaute student and I started our observations in the field on the
evening of August 27th. We placed spawn collectors (new design using large,
plastic funnels, with a collector bottle at the tip, placed on top of the
colony surface and tied down with nylon rope and nails so they did not move
at all). These collectos were left in the field until early the next
morning.

We got in the water in the shallow back reef area of San Cristobal reef in
La Parguera right after the sunset (19:30 h) and got out at 22:15 h. This
site was selected because there are several very large colonies of Diploria
strigosa and D. clivosa. which we were most interested in seing spawning
this time around. There are also many colonies of the three Montastraea spp.
and other important Caribbean corals.

On the evening of the 27th, only a few colonies of the octocoral P. porosa
spawned at 20:30 h. The spawn appeared to be individual eggs (no eg bundles)
released by the extended polyps. Many eggs were released by the same polyp
over a period of 15-20 min. Nothing was found in the collectors left on top
of the coral colonies the next day. On the evening of the 28th, most
colonies of the octocoral P.porosa spawned at 20:30 h and lasted about 20
minutes. Again it appeaded to individual eggs being released. Montastraea
franksi spawned at 21:30 h and the other two (M.annularis and
M.faveolata) after 23:00 h. Nothing happened with the Diplorias. The
collectors were left over night in the field on colonies of Diploria
spp. No spawnimg  that night. Observations in the bay of Mayaguez during the
early morning hours of the next day indicate that the water was full of
pink eggs, presumably released the night before by the Montastraea sp and
other species.

We did not dive on the evening of the 29th but we placed the collectors and
checked them the next day.  We got a substantial amount of spawn in
collectors placed on M.annularis, Mfranksi, Mfaveolata, and D.clivosa, but
nothing was found in those from D.strigosa.

Saludos!

EW

Ernesto Weil, Ph.D
Associate Professor
Dep. Marine Sciences
U. of Puerto Rico
PO BOX 908, Lajas PR 00667
Ph. (787) 899-2048 x. 241
Fax (787)899-5500/2630


Subject: Reef Check 5 Year Report
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 04:37:12 -0700
From: Jamie Oliver <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

The full text of the Reef Check 5 Year report is now online and available
for download on ReefBase. You can download the entire report as a single
file (14Mb) or as 4 separate files.

Thanks to Reef Check for making this available.

The document can be found in the literature section of ReefBase
(http://www.reefbase.org/references/ref_literature.asp
<http://www.reefbase.org/references/ref_literature.asp> )
Then search for author= Hodgson and year=2002

There is also a link to it in the "What's New" section and the "latest
additions" box on the home page

Regards

Jamie Oliver

===================================================================
ReefBase is a project of the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN)
www.icran.org <http://www.icran.org>
===================================================================
===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
ICLARM - The World Fish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670

Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530

email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org

visit ReefBase on:  www.reefbase.org
===============================

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Job Position available - Grants Officer
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 12:50:13 -0700
From: "Reef Check Headquarters" <rcheck@ucla.edu>
To: <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>

Reef Check Foundation, a global volunteer program dedicated to coral reef
education, monitoring and management, is seeking a part-time grant officer
to prospect, research and submit grant proposals in order to secure
financing for several ambitious new projects. The grant officer will be the
lead person in developing communication with fundraising sources and must
therefore be familiar with both the private foundation and federal grant
application process. This includes being abreast of changing grant standards
and proposal guidelines.

Position Title: Grant Officer

Requirements:  The ideal candidate will have:
1.      minimum of 5 years foundation, corporation and government grant
writing
experience;
2.      successful grant writing track record;
3.      ability to prospect, research, and submit grant proposals;
4.      ability to turn out high-quality work on tight deadlines;
5.      energetic, well-organized, self-motivated, creative, hard working,
and
positive personality;
6.      dedication to marine conservation and protection.

Duties:

1.      Identify potential funding sources;

2.      Work with the executive director and board of directors to create
proposals to identified funding sources, including private foundations,
corporations, and government organizations;

3.      Successful candidate will have flexible schedule work of
approximately 20
hours per week, and the option of working from home.

Reef Check is part of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network and is
supported by both private foundations and international NGOs such as the
United Nations Environment Program. At present, Reef Checks work involves
organizing and overseeing training and coral reef monitoring in about sixty
countries and territories. The ultimate goal is to give people the tools to
monitor and manage their own reefs.

Salary will be commensurate with experience. All applications must be
received by Monday, September 30, 2002.

Applicants should send their CV and to Kelly McGee, Outreach Coordinator at
<rcheck2@ucla.edu>:

Office Tel: 310-794-4985
Fax: 310-825-0758
Web: www.ReefCheck.org

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Information re: U.S. Coral Reef Task Force meeting, Oct 2-3, San Juan,
     PR
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 18:54:48 -0400
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

ANNOUNCEMENT - U.S. Coral Reef Task Force meeting October 2-3, San Juan,
Puerto Rico

The United States Coral Reef Task Force will meet in San Juan, Puerto
Rico, October 2-3, 2002.  The meeting is open to the pubic and
opportunity will be provided during the meeting for comments from the
public.  Limited space is also available for exhibits and/or materials
related to coral reef conservation and management.  Registration is
required to give public comment and reserve exhibit space (registration
information below).  No registration is necessary to attend the
meeting.  Additional information on the meeting is provided below.

The meeting agenda and other information will be available on the Task
Force web site (http://coralreef.gov/) before the meeting.

General Meeting Information:

TIME AND DATE: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST, October 2 and 3, 2002

PLACE: Las Olas Room, Caribe Hilton Hotel, San Juan, Puerto Rico

STATUS: The Department of the Interior, as co-chair with the Department
of Commerce, on behalf of the U.S. Coral  Reef Task Force (CRTF),
announces a public meeting of the Task Force.  Composed of the heads of
eleven federal agencies and the Governors of seven states, territories,
and commonwealths, the Task Force has helped lead U.S. efforts to
address the coral reef crisis and sustainably manage the nation's
valuable coral reef ecosystems.

MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED: The CRTF will discuss implementation of the
U.S. National Action Plan for Coral Reef Conservation, honor local and
other organizations for coral reef conservation activities, and accept
public comments.  The agenda will be available from the contact persons
below and published on the web at http://coralreef.gov/ when finalized.

REGISTRATION FOR PUBLIC COMMENT OR EXHIBITS:  Individuals and
organizations will have opportunities to register for exhibit space and
register to provide public comments limited to less that 5 minutes.
Wherever possible, those with similar viewpoints or messages are
encouraged to make joint statements.  The public comment period will be
during the afternoon of October 2.  Statements may be in English or
Spanish. Written statements may also be submitted to the Task Force up
to October 10, 2002.

IF OUTSIDE PUERTO RICO, to register to speak during the public comment
period or reserve exhibit space (or to get other information) please
contact:

CRTF Meeting Office
 c/o the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife Parks Department of
the Interior
 1849 C Street NW, MS-MIB-3156
 Attn: CRTF, Washington, D.C. 20240
 Telephone 202-208-6211
 Email CRTF@ios.doi.gov.

IN PUERTO RICO, to register to speak during the public comment period or
reserve exhibit space (or to get other information) please contact:

Ms. Astrid Green
Community Affairs Division
Department of Natural Resources
Telephone 787-724-8773/8774 x2258.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: Marshall Island Bleaching
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 22:07:50 +1000
From: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

>Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 17:23:07 -0700 (PDT)
>From: Dean Jacobson <atolldino@yahoo.com>
>Subject: Marshall Island Bleaching
>To: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au
>X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.6 (www dot roaringpenguin dot com slash
mimedefang)
>
>Greetings:
>I tried to submit a report to the NOAA website, but no
>joy.  Perhaps you could forward this report to any
>other interested parties.
>
>Coral bleaching, appears to have occured in Majuro,
>the capital of the Marshall Islands, for the first
>time.  This is of consern since the coral reefs here
>are very healthy (except where pollution is
>concentrated) and previously unaffected by bleaching.
>This event is restricted to a very shallow
>near-surface layer, and was first noticed on Sept 6
>(it probably appeared a few days earlier)following the
>observation of an unusually warm surface layer (only a
>meter or less deep)in the Majuro lagoon on Sept 4 (at
>which time no bleaching was yet observed). This
>surface water felt unconfrontably warm, almost hot, to
>an acclimated swimer.
>Later during the weekend I explored Majuro's SE ocean
>shore, and again found bleaching only of the most
>shallow corals (and intertidal zooanthids), along an 8
>mile stretch.  I would guess the entire atoll has
>experienced bleaching (the northern shore has not been
>sampled).  Local residents who were gleaning during
>the low tide report that they have never before
>witnessed this phenomenona.
>Much of the bleached coral emerged during the
>unusually low tides of Sept 9 and 10, but the
>bleaching clearly appears to have begun earlier, while
>completely emmersed.  We had very still, hot weather
>on Sept 1.  Further, the easterlies have been more
>active and consistant then the year earlier.  I
>suspect that a warm water mass was advected into our
>region during this event.
>
>Species affected include the uppermost intertidal
>Acropora (blue axial tips, A. seriata?) comingled with
>a rose-colored pocillopora, which also has bleached.
>Tip bleaching, marking the shallow thermocline below
>the shallow layer of warm water was found in Acropora
>nobilis and our large pale-margined Pocillopora sp.
>
>I am photo-documenting selected colonies at a site in
>my back yard (ocean side rock quarry pool), and will
>be monitoring their progress in coming weeks.
>
>Cheers,
>Dean Jacobson, Ph.D., instructor of Marine Science at
>the College of the Marshall Islands and
>Board member of a new NGO: NCCMI, Nature Conservation
>Communities of the Marshall Islands.
>
>__________________________________________________
>Yahoo! - We Remember
>9-11: A tribute to the more than 3,000 lives lost
>http://dir.remember.yahoo.com/tribute
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: ADDRESS CHANGE - The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 14:19:09 -0700
From: Sherry Flumerfelt <sflumerfelt@coral.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) is relocating to San Francisco this week.
As of Monday, September 16, CORAL will have new contact information
including new telephone and fax numbers (e-mail and Web site addresses will
not change).  Please update your records:

The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, California 94105 USA
Tel: (415) 834-0900
Fax: (415) 834-0999
Web site:  http://www.coral.org/

The office will be closed on Friday September 13 and Monday September 16th.
Our apologies for cross postings.

Kind regards,

Sherry Flumerfelt
Program Coordinator
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Have you added your organization to the Coral Reef Directory yet?
Go to http://directory.coralreef.org/

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: RE: Marshall Island Bleaching
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 02:08:36 -0700
From: Jamie Oliver <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Dean & Clive

Thanks for submitting this bleaching report to the list. For your
information, and for coral- listers generally, ReefBase keeps an up-to date
database of all bleaching records submitted to us via our on-line report or
to the coral-list. We usually put any new records up within a day or so of
the report being posted and the Marshall Island data is now online.  You can
get a list of bleaching reports by country, or by selecting specific
criteria using a query box
-(http://www.reefbase.org/threats/thr_bleaching.asp).
 All new records are also made available in map format on our online GIS
(updated every Friday). We now have over 2,600 bleaching records online.

In submitting a report we ask that people provide as much information as
possible. Our online report form prompts users for basic data on the first
page, and more details (optional) on subsequent pages. If you post your
report to the list, we will extract the relevant information and put in onto
ReefBase, but we would appreciate it if people can provide the minimum data
listed below.

Date: date bleaching was observed, or time of peak bleaching if observed
over a period of time
Location:  place name of the observation- if you don't have lat / long data
(see below) then please provide sufficient details for us to find the place
on a map and insert approximate lat and long
Country:  country name
Lat and Long: - if available, in decimal degrees (this is essential in order
for us to plot the observation on our GIS maps. If you don't supply this, we
will create an approximate lat/long based on the place name you provide
above
Bleaching Severity: overall intensity of bleaching in the area surveyed
(this can be an estimate). We code all observations into 4 categories - No
Bleaching, Low Bleaching, Moderate Bleaching, High Bleaching
Bleaching Notes:  Any comments on the bleaching not included in other
fields.

Additional, highly desirable information which we put on the summary
database includes:

Depth: depth (or depth range) of observations
Temperature: any temperature information, including qualitative notes on
unusually warm conditions
% affected:  estimated (or measured) % of all coral cover in the area that
was bleached - can be a range estimate
Species and Families affected:  list the top 5 or so species or groups which
were most affected by bleaching
Duration: Time period over which bleaching has been observed
Other factors:  Any other factors which may have induced bleaching (e.g.
high light, freshwater, calm weather etc)
Mortality Extent: level of mortality due to bleaching (0=none;1=low;
2=medium; 3=high)
Mortality Notes: general observation on mortality associated with bleaching
event
Recovery Extent: level of recovery of bleached corals (0=none;1=low;
2=medium; 3=high)
Recovery Notes: general notes on the degree and pattern of recovery of
bleached corals

We have also recently uploaded 27 new records on coral bleaching (or absence
of bleaching) for American Samoa from March this year.  Thanks to Alison
Green for providing this data.

In addition to bleaching data, we welcome images of bleached reefs and
bleached corals - they can be uploaded directly from our user-input area.

Best Regards

Jamie Oliver

===================================================================
ReefBase is a project of the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN)
www.icran.org
===================================================================
===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
ICLARM - The World Fish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670

Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530

email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org

visit ReefBase on:  www.reefbase.org
===============================

 -----Original Message-----
From:   owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]  On Behalf Of Clive Wilkinson
Sent:   Wednesday, 11 September 2002 8:08 PM
To:     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:        Marshall Island Bleaching

>Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 17:23:07 -0700 (PDT)
>From: Dean Jacobson <atolldino@yahoo.com>
>Subject: Marshall Island Bleaching
>To: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au
>X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.6 (www dot roaringpenguin dot com slash
mimedefang)
>
>Greetings:
>I tried to submit a report to the NOAA website, but no
>joy.  Perhaps you could forward this report to any
>other interested parties.
>
>Coral bleaching, appears to have occured in Majuro,
>the capital of the Marshall Islands, for the first
>time.  This is of consern since the coral reefs here
>are very healthy (except where pollution is
>concentrated) and previously unaffected by bleaching.
>This event is restricted to a very shallow
>near-surface layer, and was first noticed on Sept 6
>(it probably appeared a few days earlier)following the
>observation of an unusually warm surface layer (only a
>meter or less deep)in the Majuro lagoon on Sept 4 (at
>which time no bleaching was yet observed). This
>surface water felt unconfrontably warm, almost hot, to
>an acclimated swimer.
>Later during the weekend I explored Majuro's SE ocean
>shore, and again found bleaching only of the most
>shallow corals (and intertidal zooanthids), along an 8
>mile stretch.  I would guess the entire atoll has
>experienced bleaching (the northern shore has not been
>sampled).  Local residents who were gleaning during
>the low tide report that they have never before
>witnessed this phenomenona.
>Much of the bleached coral emerged during the
>unusually low tides of Sept 9 and 10, but the
>bleaching clearly appears to have begun earlier, while
>completely emmersed.  We had very still, hot weather
>on Sept 1.  Further, the easterlies have been more
>active and consistant then the year earlier.  I
>suspect that a warm water mass was advected into our
>region during this event.
>
>Species affected include the uppermost intertidal
>Acropora (blue axial tips, A. seriata?) comingled with
>a rose-colored pocillopora, which also has bleached.
>Tip bleaching, marking the shallow thermocline below
>the shallow layer of warm water was found in Acropora
>nobilis and our large pale-margined Pocillopora sp.
>
>I am photo-documenting selected colonies at a site in
>my back yard (ocean side rock quarry pool), and will
>be monitoring their progress in coming weeks.
>
>Cheers,
>Dean Jacobson, Ph.D., instructor of Marine Science at
>the College of the Marshall Islands and
>Board member of a new NGO: NCCMI, Nature Conservation
>Communities of the Marshall Islands.
>
>__________________________________________________
>Yahoo! - We Remember
>9-11: A tribute to the more than 3,000 lives lost
>http://dir.remember.yahoo.com/tribute
>
~~~~~~~
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Subject: coral-list test: disregard
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 13:47:19 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Test of coral-list to clean-out garbage emails...sorry for the
inconvenience...

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Subject: Fwd: Re: Fwd: Invitation Caribbean Coral Reef Conference
     October 24th - 29th 2002
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 16:18:00 -0400
From: Deevon Quirolo <deevon@bellsouth.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

> > Reef Care and the NACRI (Netherlands Antilles Coral Reef Initiative) are
> > very proud to invite you to the Caribbean Coral Reef Conference, which
> will
> > take place in Curaao from the 24th to 29th of October 2002.
> >
> > We have the honor to organize this Conference with the collaboration of
> > Reef Relief of the Florida Keys and the hospitality of the prestigious
> > Institute Kura Hulanda. For Reef Care it is also the opportunity for us
> to
> > celebrate 10 years of actions protecting our coral reefs in the
> Caribbean.
> >
> > The Conference will feature presentations relating to scientific
> > information and program experience on the part of participating
> countries
> > and organizations. A meeting of the NACRI will also take place during
> the
> > conference, and the participation of  ICRI members will be greatly
> > appreciated- especially relating to discussions of conservation action
> that
> > is needed (and even urgent) regarding the protection of our coral reefs.
> >
> > The provisional agenda is as follows. Of course we will send you in due
> > time the definitive program.
> >
> > Thursday 24th:          Welcome and Opening Remarks
> >                                  Introduction of Participants
> >                                  State of Caribbean Reefs 2002
> >
> >                  Evening: free presentation for the public of Curaao
> (see
> > below*)
> >
> > Friday 25th:                    Morning Session: What Must be Done?
> >                                  Afternoon Session: What Can be Done?
> >
> >                  Evening: free presentation for the public of Curaao
> (see
> > below*)
> > Saturday 26th:          Working Groups
> >                                  NACRI Meeting
> >
> > Sunday 27th:                    Free: excursions program (including
> diving)
> >
> > Monday 28th:                    Finance and Fund-raising issues (General
> > Presentation and
> >                                  Working Groups)
> >
> > Tuesday 29th:           General Conclusion and Recommendations of
> > the Working Groups
> >                                  Closing Remarks
> >                                  Cocktail Party
> >
> >
> > Accommodation and transportation:
> >
> > Reef Care Curacao is a 100% volunteer and non-profit organization  and
> > depends on donations for all aspects of her work. For this reason, all
> > expenses will be yours. However, the organizing committee is very
> willing
> > to assist you in any way that we can in order to make your participation
> > possible. Please let us know as soon as possible if you are able to
> > participate, and whether or not you need any specific help from us.
> Please,
> > as soon as possible, send  your name, the name of your organization,
> your
> > contact numbers (telephone, fax, e-mail), and the number of participants
> to
> > velde@cura.net .
> >
> > Presentations:
> >
> > It would be useful if participating countries, individually or together
> > (for example, the Caribbean Dutch territories might prepare a joint
> > presentation), could share their experiences. Every presentation should
> > include an overview of the following elements:
> > -       public awareness;
> > -       sustainable use;
> > -       success stories.
> >
> > Duration: 20  30 minutes maximum
> >
> > (*) We would like to feature presentations for the public of Curaao on
> > Thursday and Friday evenings. The length of your presentation is not
> > limited and can include videos or 35 mm slides. Anything is possible as
> > long as it concerns Caribbean underwater life. Please share with us your
> > comments and ideas as soon as possible! One conference room and two
> > expositions rooms are available. We would like residents and tourists
> alike
> > to participate in these events, so your videos, project folders,
> posters,
> > stickers, and other outreach materials are welcome.
> >
> > Your participation is welcome and greatly appreciated. Please, dont
> > hesitate to contact us if you have any questions or if you know some
> people
> > or organization who might be interested to attend the conference.
> >
> > We hope to see you soon!
> >
> > Best regards,
> >
> >
> > Menno van der Velde                             Paul Hoetjes
> > Reef Care Curaao                               Netherlands Antilles
> Coral
> > Reef Initiative
>
> >

DeeVon Quirolo, Executive Director, Reef Relief a non-profit grassroots
membership organization dedicated to Preserve and Protect Living Coral Reef
Ecosystems through local, regional and international efforts.  (305)
294-3100, P.O. Box 430, Key West, Fl. 33041
===========================================
Do you want to make a difference for coral reefs? With a stroke of your
keyboard, you can!
Join Reef Relief's E-list. It's free, it's easy. Go to our website to sign
onto our mailing list.
That's all it takes and you'll receive regular e-alerts with information
about coral reef issues,
opportunities to take action, and more.....
http://www.reefrelief.org

Subject: Chlorophyll extraction
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2002 11:39:25 -0400
From: "cmackich@email.gasou.edu" <cmackich@eagle4.cc.gasou.edu>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Has anyone tried or know of any literature where chlorophyll was
extracted from coral tissue using methanol to get relative or absolute
comparisons?  If so what were the absorbance wavelengths used?  I
have looked extensively through the coral literature and would greatly
appreciate any help.
Thank you for your time.

Carrie MacKichan
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University

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Subject: Re: Marshall Island Bleaching
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2002 07:49:12 -1000
From: "John Naughton" <John.Naughton@noaa.gov>
To: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I just returned from two weeks of extensive coral reef surveys at
Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.  Our surveys concentrated in the
northern part of the atoll (basing out of Roi-Namur) and the eastern or
windward reefs.  We also recorded extensive bleaching of the top 8 to10
inches of many species in shallow water.  However, we believe the
bleaching was due to a series of very low tides coupled with light winds
and periods of heavy rain.  Hopefully most colonies will recover rapidly
with the return of more normal conditions.

Aloha,       John

John Naughton
Pacific Islands Environmental Coordinator
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
Honolulu, Hawaii

Clive Wilkinson wrote:

> >Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 17:23:07 -0700 (PDT)
> >From: Dean Jacobson <atolldino@yahoo.com>
> >Subject: Marshall Island Bleaching
> >To: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au
> >X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.6 (www dot roaringpenguin dot com slash
> mimedefang)
> >
> >Greetings:
> >I tried to submit a report to the NOAA website, but no
> >joy.  Perhaps you could forward this report to any
> >other interested parties.
> >
> >Coral bleaching, appears to have occured in Majuro,
> >the capital of the Marshall Islands, for the first
> >time.  This is of consern since the coral reefs here
> >are very healthy (except where pollution is
> >concentrated) and previously unaffected by bleaching.
> >This event is restricted to a very shallow
> >near-surface layer, and was first noticed on Sept 6
> >(it probably appeared a few days earlier)following the
> >observation of an unusually warm surface layer (only a
> >meter or less deep)in the Majuro lagoon on Sept 4 (at
> >which time no bleaching was yet observed). This
> >surface water felt unconfrontably warm, almost hot, to
> >an acclimated swimer.
> >Later during the weekend I explored Majuro's SE ocean
> >shore, and again found bleaching only of the most
> >shallow corals (and intertidal zooanthids), along an 8
> >mile stretch.  I would guess the entire atoll has
> >experienced bleaching (the northern shore has not been
> >sampled).  Local residents who were gleaning during
> >the low tide report that they have never before
> >witnessed this phenomenona.
> >Much of the bleached coral emerged during the
> >unusually low tides of Sept 9 and 10, but the
> >bleaching clearly appears to have begun earlier, while
> >completely emmersed.  We had very still, hot weather
> >on Sept 1.  Further, the easterlies have been more
> >active and consistant then the year earlier.  I
> >suspect that a warm water mass was advected into our
> >region during this event.
> >
> >Species affected include the uppermost intertidal
> >Acropora (blue axial tips, A. seriata?) comingled with
> >a rose-colored pocillopora, which also has bleached.
> >Tip bleaching, marking the shallow thermocline below
> >the shallow layer of warm water was found in Acropora
> >nobilis and our large pale-margined Pocillopora sp.
> >
> >I am photo-documenting selected colonies at a site in
> >my back yard (ocean side rock quarry pool), and will
> >be monitoring their progress in coming weeks.
> >
> >Cheers,
> >Dean Jacobson, Ph.D., instructor of Marine Science at
> >the College of the Marshall Islands and
> >Board member of a new NGO: NCCMI, Nature Conservation
> >Communities of the Marshall Islands.
> >
> >__________________________________________________
> >Yahoo! - We Remember
> >9-11: A tribute to the more than 3,000 lives lost
> >http://dir.remember.yahoo.com/tribute
> >
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

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Subject: Re: Chlorophyll extraction
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2002 17:28:29 -0500
From: Joshua Feingold <joshua@nova.edu>
To: "cmackich@email.gasou.edu" <cmackich@eagle4.cc.gasou.edu>,
     coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Carrie - I've not used methanol, but I did use 95% acetone for chlorophyll
extractions directly from coral tissues without preliminary extraction of
the zooxanthellae. Obviously, this method would only allow correction for
coral surface area and reveal nothing about chlorophyll/zoox. Extraction is
performed in the dark following methods of Jeffrey & Haxo 1968 (in
Biological Bulletin). Wavelengths of 480, 630, 665 and 750 nm were used.
Results were corrected for extract volume and coral surface area to yield
amount of pigment per cm^2. The equation for Chlorophyll a (ug cm^2) =
((11.43 x E665 - 0.40 x E630) x volume of extract) / area of coral. The
equation for Chlorophyll c (ug cm^2) = ((27.09 x E630 - 3.63 x E665) x
volume of extract) / area of coral.

Check that reference for information on Methanol extraction.

Cheers,

Joshua Feingold

At 11:39 AM 09/16/2002 -0400, cmackich@email.gasou.edu wrote:
>Has anyone tried or know of any literature where chlorophyll was
>extracted from coral tissue using methanol to get relative or absolute
>comparisons?  If so what were the absorbance wavelengths used?  I
>have looked extensively through the coral literature and would greatly
>appreciate any help.
>Thank you for your time.
>
>Carrie MacKichan
>Department of Biology
>Georgia Southern University
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------
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>http://mail2web.com/ .
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Subject: Job Opening: Marine Education
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2002 14:24:52 -1000
From: Dwayne Meadows <dwayne@pacificwhale.org>
To: <SHARK-L@RAVEN.UTC.EDU>, <MARMAM@UVVM.UVIC.CA>, <FISHFOLK@MITVMA.MIT.EDU>,
     <CTURTLE@LISTS.UFL.EDU>, <marbio@mote.org>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <mfcn-fishlink@igc.topica.com>

please respond to email below, not my email.

Executive Director
Ocean Science and Discovery Center of Maui

We are currently accepting applications for Executive Director of the Ocean
Science and Discovery Center of Maui. This new facility will open in
November, 2002 overlooking Maalaea Harbor on Maui. Programs combine field
based experiential learning, on-site classroom programs, community outreach
and production of educational materials.

The Executive Director will be the lead administrator of the Ocean Science
and Discovery Center. You will manage and direct our award-winning education
team; develop, oversee and conduct educational programs for adults and
children; oversee the development of our physical facility; coordinate
creation of educational materials; oversee budgeting, financial management
and fundraising of the facility and coordinating with our public relations
and marketing team.

The ideal Director candidate will have minimum five years of direct
experience in science education, preferably marine education; a Masters or
Ph.D. in marine science or ecology, marine biology or science education; and
a proven track record in managing a successful science education facility.

The Ocean Science Discovery Center is a project of the nonprofit Pacific
Whale Foundation, Hawaii's oldest and largest marine research, education and
conservation organization. Please apply to education@pacificwhale.org or to
Ocean Science and Discovery Center, c/o Pacific Whale Foundation, 300
Maalaea Drive, Wailuku, HI 96793.

--
Dwayne Meadows, Ph.D.
Director of Research
Pacific Whale Foundation
300 Ma'alaea Road
Ma'alaea, HI 96793
(808) 249-8811
FAX: (808) 243-9021
dwayne@pacificwhale.org

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Subject: Re: Marshall Island Bleaching
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 00:16:58 -0400
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: John Naughton <John.Naughton@noaa.gov>
CC: Clive Wilkinson <cwilkins@aims.gov.au>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

John,
Now that would seem to make sense...we have no active HotSpots in the
Marshall Islands as of this time...close...but not there.  Low tides would
be
our next suspicion ..due to nearby excessive heat anomaly and unusual El
Nino??

Cheers,
Al Strong
NOAA's Coral Reef Watch Program

John Naughton wrote:

> I just returned from two weeks of extensive coral reef surveys at
> Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands.  Our surveys concentrated in the
> northern part of the atoll (basing out of Roi-Namur) and the eastern or
> windward reefs.  We also recorded extensive bleaching of the top 8 to10
> inches of many species in shallow water.  However, we believe the
> bleaching was due to a series of very low tides coupled with light winds
> and periods of heavy rain.  Hopefully most colonies will recover rapidly
> with the return of more normal conditions.
>
> Aloha,       John
>
> John Naughton
> Pacific Islands Environmental Coordinator
> National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
> Honolulu, Hawaii
>
> Clive Wilkinson wrote:
>
> > >Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 17:23:07 -0700 (PDT)
> > >From: Dean Jacobson <atolldino@yahoo.com>
> > >Subject: Marshall Island Bleaching
> > >To: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au
> > >X-Scanned-By: MIMEDefang 2.6 (www dot roaringpenguin dot com slash
> > mimedefang)
> > >
> > >Greetings:
> > >I tried to submit a report to the NOAA website, but no
> > >joy.  Perhaps you could forward this report to any
> > >other interested parties.
> > >
> > >Coral bleaching, appears to have occured in Majuro,
> > >the capital of the Marshall Islands, for the first
> > >time.  This is of consern since the coral reefs here
> > >are very healthy (except where pollution is
> > >concentrated) and previously unaffected by bleaching.
> > >This event is restricted to a very shallow
> > >near-surface layer, and was first noticed on Sept 6
> > >(it probably appeared a few days earlier)following the
> > >observation of an unusually warm surface layer (only a
> > >meter or less deep)in the Majuro lagoon on Sept 4 (at
> > >which time no bleaching was yet observed). This
> > >surface water felt unconfrontably warm, almost hot, to
> > >an acclimated swimer.
> > >Later during the weekend I explored Majuro's SE ocean
> > >shore, and again found bleaching only of the most
> > >shallow corals (and intertidal zooanthids), along an 8
> > >mile stretch.  I would guess the entire atoll has
> > >experienced bleaching (the northern shore has not been
> > >sampled).  Local residents who were gleaning during
> > >the low tide report that they have never before
> > >witnessed this phenomenona.
> > >Much of the bleached coral emerged during the
> > >unusually low tides of Sept 9 and 10, but the
> > >bleaching clearly appears to have begun earlier, while
> > >completely emmersed.  We had very still, hot weather
> > >on Sept 1.  Further, the easterlies have been more
> > >active and consistant then the year earlier.  I
> > >suspect that a warm water mass was advected into our
> > >region during this event.
> > >
> > >Species affected include the uppermost intertidal
> > >Acropora (blue axial tips, A. seriata?) comingled with
> > >a rose-colored pocillopora, which also has bleached.
> > >Tip bleaching, marking the shallow thermocline below
> > >the shallow layer of warm water was found in Acropora
> > >nobilis and our large pale-margined Pocillopora sp.
> > >
> > >I am photo-documenting selected colonies at a site in
> > >my back yard (ocean side rock quarry pool), and will
> > >be monitoring their progress in coming weeks.
> > >
> > >Cheers,
> > >Dean Jacobson, Ph.D., instructor of Marine Science at
> > >the College of the Marshall Islands and
> > >Board member of a new NGO: NCCMI, Nature Conservation
> > >Communities of the Marshall Islands.
> > >
> > >__________________________________________________
> > >Yahoo! - We Remember
> > >9-11: A tribute to the more than 3,000 lives lost
> > >http://dir.remember.yahoo.com/tribute
> > >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division

  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 443-822-3668
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8108
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1

Subject: Re: Chlorophyll extraction
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 08:30:51 +0300
From: Michal RARD <Michael.Rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "cmackich@email.gasou.edu" <cmackich@eagle4.cc.gasou.edu>,
     <coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Joshua Feingold" <joshua@nova.edu>

Dear all,

Many thanks to Carrie and Joshua to speak about coral pigments extraction.

* I'm studying coral pigments too, but I would be very thanksfull if
somebody could give me some references about coral pigments contents, in
order to compare with my values.

* From my part, to do my PhD studies, I extract coral pigments with 100%
Acetone, with JEFFREY et HUMPHREY (1975) wavelenghts and equations :
Concentration of Chl a (g/l) = 11.43 * E663 - 0.64 * E630
Concentration of Chl c2 (g/l) = 27.09 * E630 - 3.63 * E663

Of course, you need to correct values with volume solution and coral surface

Many thanks for all, and have a nice day
Best regards
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm

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Subject: Re: Chlorophyll extraction
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 10:19:19 +0200
From: Christine Schoenberg <cschoenb@mpi-bremen.de>
To: "cmackich@email.gasou.edu" <cmackich@eagle4.cc.gasou.edu>,
     coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Carrie,

>Has anyone tried or know of any literature where chlorophyll...

I found the following quite useful to methanol-extract zooxanthellar
chlorophyll from sponges:

LJ Stal, H van Gemerden, WE Krumbein 1984. J Microbiol Meth 2: 295-306.

Cheers, Christine

Dr. Christine Schoenberg
Microsensor Research Group
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology
Celsiusstr. 1
D- 28359 Bremen
Germany
ph +49-421-2028-832
fax +49-421-2028-690
email cschoenb@mpi-bremen.de

The above address is only valid til 30. Sept. 2002.
>From mid of October onwards I will have a NEW ADDRESS as follows:

The University of Queensland
Centre for Marine Studies
St. Lucia, Brisbane
QLD 4072
Australia

Until I will know my new ph, fax and work email, you will be able to
contact me through: christineaway@gmx.net

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Subject: cultured reef fishes?
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 17:25:10 -0400
From: Kathryn Kavanagh <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE

Hello,

I am seeking a current list of coral-reef fishes that can be produced
reliably through aquaculture (from fertilized egg to juvenile).   I
haven't had luck with fishbase or reefbase.   I also would like to
know suppliers, if there are any.  Thanks for the help!

Kathy

--
************************************************************************

Kathryn Kavanagh, PhD
Museum of Comparative Zoology
Harvard University
28 Oxford St.                           phone: 617-496-4632
Cambridge  MA  02138  USA               Email: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu

************************************************************************
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Subject: Re: cultured reef fishes?
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 19:08:57 -0400
From: UMusBKidN@aol.com
To: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu (Kathryn Kavanagh)
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Kathryn,

You might try "Oceans Reefs and Aquariums" at:

http://www.orafarm.com/

According to their website,

"To date ORA has cultured ten species of clownfish, seven species of
dottybacks, one cardinal, two gobies and peppermint shrimp. Three of the
dottyback species were aquacultured for the first time in the ORA hatchery.
In addition, we carry aquacultured species from other hatcheries including
Angels, Batfish and Queen Conch. All of our fish are exceptionally hardy,
grown to an aquarium sellable size, have fully developed color, acclimate
easily and will eat a variety of prepared foods."

-UMus B. KidN

In a message dated Tue, 17 Sep 2002 4:25:10 PM Eastern Standard Time,
Kathryn Kavanagh <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu> writes:

>Hello,
>
>I am seeking a current list of coral-reef fishes that can be produced
>reliably through aquaculture (from fertilized egg to juvenile).   I
>haven't had luck with fishbase or reefbase.   I also would like to
>know suppliers, if there are any.  Thanks for the help!
>
>Kathy
>
>--
>************************************************************************
>
>Kathryn Kavanagh, PhD
>Museum of Comparative Zoology
>Harvard University
>28 Oxford St.               phone: 617-496-4632
>Cambridge  MA  02138  USA               Email: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu
>
>************************************************************************
>~~~~~~~
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>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
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Subject: Re: cultured reef fishes?
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 21:42:04 -0500
From: capman@augsburg.edu
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Another excellent source of information would be Morgan Lidster at
Inland Aquatics in Terre Haute, Indiana.  You can get contact
information at Inland's web site:  http://www.inlandaquatics.com

Bill Capman

*********************
Bill Capman
Associate Professor
Biology Department
Campus Box 117
Augsburg College
2211 Riverside Ave.
Minneapolis, MN 55454  USA
612/330-1072
FAX: 612/330-1649
capman@augsburg.edu
*********************

>Hi Kathryn,
>
>You might try "Oceans Reefs and Aquariums" at:
>
>http://www.orafarm.com/
>
>According to their website,
>
>"To date ORA has cultured ten species of clownfish, seven species of
>dottybacks, one cardinal, two gobies and peppermint shrimp. Three of
>the dottyback species were aquacultured for the first time in the
>ORA hatchery. In addition, we carry aquacultured species from other
>hatcheries including Angels, Batfish and Queen Conch. All of our
>fish are exceptionally hardy, grown to an aquarium sellable size,
>have fully developed color, acclimate easily and will eat a variety
>of prepared foods."
>
>-UMus B. KidN
>
>
>In a message dated Tue, 17 Sep 2002 4:25:10 PM Eastern Standard
>Time, Kathryn Kavanagh <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu> writes:
>
>>Hello,
>>
>>I am seeking a current list of coral-reef fishes that can be produced
>>reliably through aquaculture (from fertilized egg to juvenile).  I
>>haven't had luck with fishbase or reefbase.  I also would like to
>>know suppliers, if there are any. Thanks for the help!
>>
>>Kathy
>>
>>--
>>************************************************************************
>>
>>Kathryn Kavanagh, PhD
>>Museum of Comparative Zoology
>>Harvard University
>>28 Oxford St.        phone: 617-496-4632
>>Cambridge MA 02138 USA        Email: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu
>>
>>************************************************************************
>>~~~~~~~
>>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>>
>>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Seeking Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan Contractor for Hawaii
Date: Tue, 17 Sep 2002 17:36:57 -1000
From: "Scott Atkinson" <satkinson@TNC.ORG>
To: "Kathryn Kavanagh" <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE>

Dear Coral Listers -

I sent this message earlier but am resending to hopefully encourage more
folks to apply for the position described below.

Best,

Scott Atkinson

CONTRACTOR NEEDED TO PREPARE COMPREHENSIVE AQUATIC NUISANCE SPECIES
MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR THE STATE OF HAWAII.

The Nature Conservancy Hawaii Field Office (TNCHFO) is seeking a Contractor
to prepare a Comprehensive Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan for the
State of Hawaii.  This contractor will be hired by TNCHFO under a
partnership effort between the State Division of Aquatic Resources and
TNCHFO.

Contract Details:

1. Compensation will be $ 55,000 total.  The contract will be based on
deliverables as described below; however, applicants should be aware that it
is anticipated that the work will require approximately 35 hours per week
over a 12 month period.  Taxes, insurance, and other benefits will be
covered by the contractor.
2. The position will be based in Honolulu, Hawaii at the TNC office and the
contractor will be expected to report to this office regularly.
3. The contractor will be supervised by the Director of Marine Conservation
for the TNCHFO.
4. Additional funding will be made available to the contractor for travel,
workshops, and meetings as relevant and with advanced approval..

Requirements:

A successful applicant for this contract will have:

1. An advanced degree in marine biology, policy, law or a similar field that
has equipped them with the knowledge necessary to manage complex
multi-stakeholder processes, prepare marine management plans, and make
appropriate policy recommendations.
2. Demonstrated success in facilitating complex multi-stakeholder processes,
preparing marine management plans, and making appropriate policy
recommendations.
3. Familiarity with Aquatic Nuisance Species Issues, Policies, and
Management Plans.
4. Familiarity with Hawaiian Marine Ecosystems and Marine Ecology in General
5. A demonstrated ability to work independently, meet deadlines, and
facilitate  large numbers of science, policy, and industry experts.

Start Date:

Immediately.

Contact Details:

Please carefully review the Program Description below to assess your
qualifications relative to the requirements of this contract and the
expected deliverables.

If you feel you have the qualifications necessary to undertake this work,
please IMMEDIATELY contact, Scott Atkinson, Director of Marine Conservation,
The Nature Conservancy Hawaii Field Office .  satkinson@tnc.org.  Send a
brief email outlining your qualifications and attach a C.V.

APPLICATION CLOSING DATE: SEPTEMBER 25, 2002

 Program Description.

There is an immediate and critical need to address the introduction and
spread of alien nuisance or nonindigenous species throughout the Hawaiian
islands.  Step one in this process is to develop a comprehensive management
plan and to focus efforts and resources to better understand the problem and
raise awareness to limit the spread of nuisance species.  This program will
supply the foundations to accomplish these tasks by creating a
comprehensive management plan, and providing the needed elements for future
implementation and mitigation measures.

Background:

Aquatic nuisance species (ANS) are causing adverse ecological and economic
effects throughout the country.  To address these issues, Congress passed
the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990, which
among other actions, authorized and provided guidance for the development of
State management plans.  States are authorized and encouraged to submit
comprehensive management plans for up to 75 percent of the cost incurred to
implement such programs.

As is outlined in the national ANS guidelines, the management plan must
identify technical, enforcement, or financial assistance for activities
needed to eliminate or reduce the environment, public health and safety
risks associated with ANS.  The content of the plan will focus on the
identification of feasible, cost effective management practices and measures
that will be undertaken by agencies and their partners to prevent and
control aquatic nuisance species infestations in an environmentally sound
manner.

In partnership with the Division of Aquatic Resources, TNCHFO is seeking a
qualified person who will work with staff, representatives from state and
federal agencies, the University of Hawaii, Bishop Museum, and others to
develop a comprehensive alien aquatic organism prevention and management
program, beginning with the creation of a management plan.

Tasks for this Contractor will include:

1. Formation of an Advisory Committee:  To ensure that this management plan
is developed based on the best available science and policy, TNCHFO and our
partners will create an aquatic alien species advisory group to assist in
the drafting of the plan. This group will consist of relevant stakeholders
from the Division of Aquatic Resources, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the
University of Hawaii, the Bishop Museum, The Nature Conservancy, Relevant
Industry Partners such as the shipping and aquaculture industries, and
others.

2. Preparation of a Draft Aquatic Nuisance Species Management Plan for the
State of Hawaii: With the guidance of this group and the assistance of
relevant experts in this field, a Draft Aquatic Nuisance Species Management
Plan for the State of Hawaii will be drafted by the fourth quarter of this
project.  This plan will meet all requirements of the Aquatic Nuisance Task
Force and will be sufficient in scope and detail to enable the immediate
approval of federal funding for its implementation.

3. Initial Identification of Possible Vectors for Introductions and the
Development of Preliminary Outreach and Education Materials to Address this
Issue.  The project will also identify the possible vectors both for
introduction and spread of Aquatic Nuisance Species.  Depending on the
vectors identified, recommendations may be needed regarding regulatory
measures that should be implemented to mitigate introductions.  Additional
regulatory or agency constraints to effective management will also be
identified and recommendations on how to reduce or eliminate these
constraints will be developed.  In addition the development of a brochure or
other outreach materials will be undertaken to raise awareness of possible
vectors.

4. Identification of Additional Research Needs:  Limited studies have been
funded by DAR, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the University of Hawaii,
Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Research Program, and others to identify the
spread of alien marine organisms statewide, to understand how some of the
species spread and the nutrients or other terrestrial influences that
increase growth rates.  Other funds have been allocated to look into the
feasibility of mitigation efforts.  Significant funding has been allocated
to study the impacts of non-indigenous fresh water species on the native
stream species.  These studies have included looking at the effects of the
species on the stream habitats, and have also looked at how alien species
have become the vectors for the introductions of harmful parasites and
diseases to native freshwater organisms.  However, significant additional
studies are needed.  In year one DAR will work with researchers to begin to
identify additional research and mitigation measures that are needed. This
will lead to the hosting of a workshop for experts to collectively identify
major gaps in research and the types of studies that are needed.

5. Identification of Additional Sources of Funding:  In order to implement
the management plan and fund both additional research and mitigation
studies, identification of additional sources of funding will be necessary.
The final component of the first year of this program will be to identify
additional possible sources of funding.

Based on successful completion of Year One activities and the securing of
additional funding, a second year contract may be offered to the contractor
to:

1. Obtain Approval for the Draft Management Plan: The Non-indigenous Aquatic
Nuisance Prevention and Control Act created a Task Force to address aquatic
alien introductions and develop a national policy for the prevention and
spread of these species.  Under the requirements of the Act, the Task Force
must review submitted plans submitted by the States and either approve them
or return the plans with recommended modifications.  The initial focus of
year 2 will be to obtain approval of the management plan and to initiate the
application process to apply for the federal funding that will implement the
management plan.

2. Develop Outreach Materials to Raise Awareness of Nuisance Species Issues:
There is an active invasive species committee in each state(?) that is
working to raise awareness, initiate mitigation measures and limit the
spread of alien species.  However the bulk of their focus to date has been
on terrestrial species.  Most of these committees have active list severs,
web pages and are linked to several important subject sites.  In year two a
concentrated focus of the program will to be to link to these other
organizations and to develop outreach materials that raise the awareness
among targeted sectors of the community.  This outreach campaign will build
on the work that has been undertaken by U.S Fish and Wildlife Service,
University of Hawaii Botany Department, Bishop Museum, and DAR.  The Nature
Conservancy Hawaii Field Office  has played a key role in raising awareness
of terrestrial non-indigenous species and as a key partner, will also be
heavily involved in the development of the outreach plan.

3. Address Both Recommendations for Changes to Regulations and Agency
Constraints That Were Identified in Year One:  During the second year of the
project, efforts to create or change existing regulatory structures and
address agency constraints will be undertaken.  However, it is likely to
take more than one year to achieve significant results on these issues.  As
a result, these issues will continue to be addressed during the
implementation of the Management Plan.

 Deliverables for Year One of the Project:

 An Established Advisory Committee.

 A Framework for the Plan Outlining All Sections to Be Addressed.

 A Workshop and Printing of the Proceedings Including Expert Opinion on
Management Plan Elements and Recommendations for Further Studies.

 Report of Possible Vectors for Introductions of Aquatic Nuisance Species
to be Included in the Management Plan.

 Preliminary Outreach and Education Materials to Address the Issue of
Aquatic Nuisance Species.

 A Final Report Including the Draft Plan that will be Submitted to the
Aquatic Nuisance Task Force for Approval.

If a Second Year Contract is Offered and Accepted by the Contractor,
Deliverables Will Include:

 Printing of the Management Plan and Adoption of the Plan by The National
Aquatic Nuisance Task Force.

 A Full Outreach Campaign Plan Including Links to Local and National
Invasive Species Web Sites.

 Introduction Of Appropriate Legislation Or Adoption Of New/Revised
Regulations To Address Regulatory and Agency Constraints to Implementing
Effective Management.

 Approval of Grant Application For Access To Federal Funds To Implement
Management Plan.

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Kathryn Kavanagh
Sent: September 17, 2002 11:25 AM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE
Subject: cultured reef fishes?

Hello,

I am seeking a current list of coral-reef fishes that can be produced
reliably through aquaculture (from fertilized egg to juvenile).   I
haven't had luck with fishbase or reefbase.   I also would like to
know suppliers, if there are any.  Thanks for the help!

Kathy

--
************************************************************************

Kathryn Kavanagh, PhD
Museum of Comparative Zoology
Harvard University
28 Oxford St.                           phone: 617-496-4632
Cambridge  MA  02138  USA               Email: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu

************************************************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Chlorophyll extraction using methanol
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 13:41:56 +1000
From: Tony Larkum <alark@mail.usyd.edu.au>
To: "cmackich@email.gasou.edu" <cmackich@eagle4.cc.gasou.edu>,
     coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

The most comprehensive work on methanol extraction of chlorophyll has
been done by Bob Porra in Canberra.  A summary of this work is in:

Porra RJ 1991. Recent advances and re-assessments in chlorophyll
extraction and assay procedures for terrestrial, aquatic and marine
organisms including recalcitrant algae.  In "The Chlorophylls"  H.
Scheer, ed., pp 31-57 CRC Press, Boca Raton.

This lists all the absorption coefficients and equations for
chlorophyll determination.  Up to that time, and as far as I know
since, there are no trichromatic equations for determining Chls a+b+c
in methanol (or for determing Chl a+c).  The only equations available
are those of Jeffrey and Humphrey, for 90% acetone.

Tony Larkum

>Has anyone tried or know of any literature where chlorophyll was
>extracted from coral tissue using methanol to get relative or absolute
>comparisons?  If so what were the absorbance wavelengths used?  I
>have looked extensively through the coral literature and would greatly
>appreciate any help.
>Thank you for your time.
>
>Carrie MacKichan
>Department of Biology
>Georgia Southern University
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------
>mail2web - Check your email from the web at
>http://mail2web.com/ .
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Prof. A.W.D. Larkum
Acting Director, Sydney University Biological Informatics and
Technology Centre (SUBIT)
School of Biological Sciences
Heydon-Laurence Building (A08)
University of Sydney
NSW 2006
Australia

Tel 61 2 9351 2069
Fax 61 2 9351 4119

http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SUBIT/
http://www-personal.usyd.edu.au/~alark
http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/admin/staff/larkum.html
http://www.com.univ-mrs.fr/IRD/cyano
http://www.larkumnet.freeserve.co.uk/
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Subject: Cultured reef fishes
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 07:45:21 -0400
From: "Julian Sprung" <julian@twolittlefishies.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Have a look at the Breeders' Registry

http://www.breeders-registry.gen.ca.us/

Cheers,

Julian Sprung

-------------------------------

Hello,

I am seeking a current list of coral-reef fishes that can be produced
reliably through aquaculture (from fertilized egg to juvenile).   I
haven't had luck with fishbase or reefbase.   I also would like to
know suppliers, if there are any.  Thanks for the help!

Kathy

--
************************************************************************

Kathryn Kavanagh, PhD
Museum of Comparative Zoology
Harvard University
28 Oxford St.      phone: 617-496-4632
Cambridge  MA  02138  USA               Email: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu

************************************************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: RE: cultured reef fishes?
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 12:59:52 +0100
From: Colette Wabnitz <C.C.C.Wabnitz@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     FISH-SCI <FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE>,
     Kathryn Kavanagh <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu>

Kathryn,

Here's a list of marine fishes that have been reproduced in captivity (taken
from Hydra 14, Luglio/Agosto 2002):
APOGONIDAE
Apogon Cyanosoma
A. COmpressus
Sphaeramia nematoptera
Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus
Apopgonichthys nigripinnis
Pterapogon kauderni
BATRACHOIDIDAE
Opsanus tau
BLENNIDAE
Blennius pavo
CARANGIDAE
Trachinotus carolinus
CALLIONYMIDAE
Synchiropus splendidus
EPHIPPIDAE
Chaetodipterus faber
GOBIESOCIDAE
Gobiesox strumosus
GOBIIDAE
Gobiosoma multifasciatum
Gobiosoma evelynae
Gobiosoma oceanops
Elactinus xanthipora
Gobiodon citrinus
Gobiosoma prochilus
Gobiosoma genie
Goryphopterus personatus
Gobiosoma okinawae
LUTJANIDAE
Lutjanus griseus
Ocyurus chrysurus
OPISTOGNATHIDAE
Opistognathus aurifrons
PLESIOPIDAE
Calloplesiops altivelis
POMACANTHIDAE
Centropyge argi
C. ferrugatus
C. loriculus
C. resplendens
Pomacanthus arcuatus
P. paru
POMACENTRIDAE
Amphiprion akallopisos
A. allardi
A. bicinctus
A. chrysogaster
A. clarkii
A. ephippium
A. frenatus
A. lalezonatus
A. leucokranus
A. melanopus
A. ocellaris
A. percula
A. perideraion
A. polymnus
A. rubrocinctus
A. sandaracinbos
A. tricinctus
Premnas biaculatus
Abudefduf saxitilis
Dascyllus albisella
Dascyllus aruanus
Hypsypops rubicundus
Microspathodon chrysurus
Neopomacentrus bankieri
Pomacentrus amboinensis
POMADASYIDAE
Anisotremus virginicus
Haemulon plumieri
PSEUDOCHROMIDAE
Labracinus cyclophtalmus
Ogylbilna novaehollandiae
Pseudochromis aldabrensis
P. flavivertex
P. fridmani
P. fuscus
P. olivaceous
P. saneky
P. springeri
SCIAENIDAE
Equetus acuminatus
E. lanceolatus
E. punctatus
E. umbrosus
SERRANIDAE
Gramma loreto
G. malacara
Hyplopectrus unicolor
SYNGNATHYDAE
Doryrhamphus dactyliophorus
H. erectus
H. hippocampus
H. kuda
H. punctulatus
H. reidi
H. zosterae
Syngnathoides biaculeatus
TETRAODONTIDAE
Sphoeroides maculatus
LABRIDAE
Lachnolaimus maximus

Various Amphiprion(s) are being cultured at the Tropical Marine Centre
(http://www.tmc-ltd.co.uk/) or Meerwasser Centre Menzel
(http://www.meerwasser-center-menzel.de/chronik.htm) (or as suggested in an
earlier reply ORA -http://www.orafarm.com/).
Aquafish technology are rearing various species from post larval stages
onwards (more info under: http://www.aqua-fish.com/)

Good luck!
Colette
************************************
Colette Wabnitz
Marine Programme Officer
UNEP - World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road
Cambridge
CB3 0DL
Tel: 01223 277 314
Fax: 01223 277 136
Email: colette.wabnitz@unep-wcmc.org

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Subject: reef-fish culture replies
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 11:28:50 -0400
From: Kathryn Kavanagh <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE

Hello again,

Thanks very much for all the replies to my request about aquaculture
of reef fishes.  If anyone would like a summary, send me a note and
I'll send back an attachment with all the replies.

Regards,

Kathy

--
************************************************************************

Kathryn Kavanagh, PhD
Museum of Comparative Zoology
Harvard University
28 Oxford St.                           phone: 617-496-4632
Cambridge  MA  02138  USA               Email: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu

************************************************************************
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Subject: Palmyra NOTICE - Bleaching?
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 12:30:51 -0400
From: "Gang Liu" <Gang.Liu@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA NESDIS/ORA
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Our satellite sea surface temperatures (SSTs) show that during the past
few days, SST at Palmyra has increased significantly and reached 30.6
deg C (about 2 deg C above the expected maximum monthly mean SST at
Palmyra).
http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/sub/sst_series_palmyra_cur.html
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html

Our global SST and coral bleaching HotSpot animations show that the
center of an area of abnormally warm SSTs which has been lingering
around the equator just to the east of the International Dateline, has
expanded and moved eastward to cover the northern Line Islands,
including Palmyra.
http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/sub/sst_hl_2m.html
http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/sub/sst_50km_2m.html

At Palmyra, thermal stress is accumulating that might lead to a
bleaching event.
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhwp.9.16.2002.gif

-------------

NOAA's Coral Reef Watch Project
NOAA/NESDIS

--
============================
 Gang Liu, Ph.D.
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA E/RA3
 NOAA Science Center, Rm 711
 5200 Auth Road
 Camp Springs, MD 20746

 Tel: 301-763-8176 ext 30
 Fax: 301-763-8108
 Email: Gang.Liu@noaa.gov
============================

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Subject: BIG reef fish
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 13:37:23 -0400
From: Kathryn Kavanagh <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE

Hello again,

I would like to expand my inquiry -- does anyone have a list of
larger, non-ornamental, reef-associated fishes that have been
reliably reared from eggs?  Information on  commercial suppliers
would be useful.  Thanks again.

Kathy

--
************************************************************************

Kathryn Kavanagh, PhD
Museum of Comparative Zoology
Harvard University
28 Oxford St.                           phone: 617-496-4632
Cambridge  MA  02138  USA               Email: kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu

************************************************************************
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Post-Doctoral Researcher
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 12:45:42 -0500
From: "John F. Valentine" <jvalentine@disl.org>
Organization: Dauphin Island Sea Lab
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Coastal Marine Scholar
Post-Doctoral Researcher

Dauphin Island Sea Lab (DISL), the marine research facility for 22
colleges and universities in the State of Alabama, is seeking a
postdoctoral marine scientist with experience in mathematical modeling
of coastal ecosystems. This position will be funded for two years with
the possibility of a one-year renewal.  Relevant experience could
include, for example, research on nutrient or energy flux through marine
or estuarine food webs, but other areas will also be considered.  The
successful applicant will pursue independent research but will also be
expected to conduct collaborative research with one or more members of
the DISL faculty. The position comes with a competitive salary and
benefits package along with institutional support for travel and other
essential research requirements. For additional details on DISL, its
academic programs and faculty research interests see
http://www.disl.org.

Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a brief statement of research
interests, 2-3 selected reprints, and the names and contact information
(including email addresses) for three references to: Dr. John F.
Valentine, Marine Scientist Search Committee, Dauphin Island Sea Lab,
101 Bienville Boulevard, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528. Review of
applicants will begin December 1, 2002 and will continue until the
position is filled. The DISL is an EOE/AA/M/F/D employer.
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Subject: coral bleaching in the PAcific
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 14:52:30 -0700 (PDT)
From: Silvia Pinca <milviapin@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

We experienced coral bleaching in the Marhsall
islands, observations in both JAluit and MAjuro
are documented with photos.
Shallow water, shelf reef on both ocean and
lagoon side have bleached (Acropora and
Pocillopora) and certain colonies of Acroporas
have been colonized by green filamentous algae
afer a week. The bleaching event occurred 2 days
after the spring tide when there was no wind.
Unfortunately we do not have any reading of
temperature for those days, but water temperature
on the shelf at 1 m was 31.5.
For further inforamtion contact me or Dean
Jacobson at atolldino@yahoo.com
Thank you

=====
Silvia Pinca, Ph.D.
Marine Science Program Coordinator
College of the Marshall Islands
P.O. Box 1258, Majuro, MH 96960
ph. (692)-625-5903
milviapin@yahoo.com
www.geocities.com/milviapin

__________________________________________________
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Yahoo! News - Today's headlines
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Subject: GBR monitoring - latest update
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2002 14:26:09 +1000
From: Kate Osborne <kosborne@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The latest monitoring survey update for the Northern Great Barrier Reef can
be accessed from
www.aims.gov.au/reef-monitoring.
For each reef visited there is also a reef community description and
photographs.
 From this page you can also access the Mariners Journal which gives a day
by day account of the survey trip with lots of extra photographs.

Kate Osborne
Reef Monitoring
A.I.M.S
P.M.B 3, Townsville MC, 4810
ph 61 7 47534354
fax 61 7 47534288
www.aims.gov.au/reef-monitoring

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Subject: re: Flower Garden Banks NMS coral spawn report
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2002 12:49:20 -0500
From: "Emma Hickerson" <Emma.Hickerson@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Marine Sanctuary
To: coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral-listers,

Below is a record of the observations during the annual  coral spawning
cruise at the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, located in the
northwest Gulf of Mexico.  Apologies for the delay in posting this
information.

Please forward any questions or comments to Emma Hickerson, Research
Coordinator, FGBNMS:  emma.hickerson@noaa.gov

Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
Northwest Gulf of Mexico
Annual Coral Spawning Cruise Report
August 27 to September 1, 2002

Report compiled by Emma L. Hickerson,
Research Coordinator, FGBNMS
Input provided by Dr. Peter Vize,  University of Calgary

Coral Spawning

8/28/02
21:00 to 22:00  Montastraea franksi  minimal spawning event.  Observers
commented on general diminished size of gamete bundles that appeared to be
staying in stringy masses in water column.  One observer documented up to 20
heads releasing gametes.
21:00 Diploria strigosa. Up to five colonies releasing gametes.

8/29/02
21:35 to 21:40  M. cavernosa one female observed releasing eggs
20:50 to 22:00 (sparse after 21:45) D. strigosa  Mass spawning event.  One
observer reported approx. 40 heads releasing gamete bundles.
21:20 to 22:45 M. franksi .  Mass spawning event.  One observer reported
approx. 50 heads releasing gamete bundles.
22:19 to 22:45 Stephanocoenia intercepta. Up to 10 male heads were observed
releasing sperm
22:25 to 22:45  S. intercepta.  Approx. 5 female heads were observed
releasing eggs.
22:55 to later than 23:05 M. faveolata.  Approx. 4 heads were observed
releasing gamete bundles prior to diver leaving bottom.

8/30/02
2100 Colpophylia natans  one head observed releasing gamete bundles
22:10 to 22:40 S. intercepta.  Approx. 10 males observed releasing sperm
22:30 to 22:40 S. intercepta.  Approx. 4 females were observed releasing
eggs

8/31/02
20:47 to 21:00 C. natans   mass spawning event.  One observer reported
approx. 20 colonies releasing gamete bundles
22:15 to 22:45 S. intercepta  mass spawning event.  Majority of observations
were males

N.B.  Additional coral spawning (unidentified species) were observed during
the period 7-10 days after the full moon in July at the Flower Garden Banks
National Marine Sanctuary by recreational divers.

Other invertebrate spawning

8/28/02
09:00 creamy/pinkish finger sponge (Aplysilla sulfuria?) under coral ledges
releasing sperm
22:10 Spirobranchus giganteus  (Christmas tree worm) one male observed
releasing sperm

8/29/02
Eunicid polychaete worm (Lysidice ninetta) observed spawning.
21:35 to 22:00  S. giganteus between 30 and 50 individual males observed
releasing sperm
21:35 to 21:15 Ophioderma rubicundum  one ruby brittle star female observed
releasing eggs

8/30/02
prior to 20:30 to and later than 2130 O. squamossisimum  red brittle star
males observed in aggregations of up to 6 individuals, releasing sperm and
at least one female observed releasing eggs.
21:00 O. rubicundum  at least one ruby brittle star female observed
releasing eggs

During the dive period, large numbers of both O. rubicundum (~100) and O.
squamossisimum  (~30) were observed, but not releasing gametes.

8/31/02
11:00 Ectyoplysia ferox (volcano sponge) females observed with extruded eggs
hanging off sponge.

Fish spawning activity

8/28/02
09:00 Acanthurus coeruleus  (blue tang) displaying courtship behavior
8/30/02
12:00  Thalassoma bifasciatum (bluehead wrasse) observed spawning
17:30  Holocentrus rufus  (longspine squirrelfish) observed displaying
spawning behavior
9/1/02
0700  Cryptotomus roseus (bluelip parrotfish) observed displaying courtship
behavior


--
`````````````````````````````````````````````````
Emma L. Hickerson
Research Coordinator
emma.hickerson@noaa.gov

Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
216 W. 26th St.  Suite 104
Bryan, Texas 77803
979-779-2705 ph
979-779-2334 fax
www.flowergarden.nos.noaa.gov
www.sanctuaries.nos.noaa.gov

`````````````````````````````````````````````````


Subject: Information sought on reef fish spawning aggregations
Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2002 19:44:40 -0700 (PDT)
From: andy cornish <andy_cornish@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear All,

The Society for the Conservation of Reef Fish
Aggregations (SCRFA) would like to enlist the help of
coral reef researchers in collating information on
spawning aggregations.

Many reef fishes aggregate in large numbers at
specific times and places to reproduce, particularly
on the outer reef edge or reef passes.  Some sites may
be used by many species, either simultaneously or at
different times of day, month or year. Once they have
been discovered, their predictable nature makes them
extremely vulnerable to overexploitation. Overfishing
has already depleted a substantial number of such
reproductive gatherings in the Caribbean and
considerable anecdotal evidence also suggests that
many spawning aggregations of groupers are
systematically being destroyed by the live reef food
fish trade, especially in Indonesia and the western
Pacific.

SCRFA strives to promote and facilitate the
international conservation and management of reef fish
spawning aggregations and has initiated a global
database to document aggregation history and status
throughout the tropics to facilitate sound
science-based development of appropriate
fishery-specific management and conservation and to
provide supporting information to stakeholders.

However, spawning aggregation sites are often poorly
documented and we are lacking information from many
areas of the Pacific, Indian Ocean and Caribbean.

We would like to hear from you if you aware of
aggregations that have not been reported in the
published literature, whether you know personally of
such sites, or are aware of grey literature that may
have contain relevant information. Also if you have
conducted recent assessments of aggregations
previously reported. Those contributing can be assured
that the precise locations of spawning sites will not
be released, unless there is specific reason to do so
and after consultation with both the SCRFA Board and
the contributor, to avoid the possible abuse of this
information.

Apologies for the cross posting and thanks,

Andy Cornish

=====
Andy Cornish Ph.D,
Teaching Consultant,
Department of Ecology & Biodiversity,
The University of Hong Kong,
Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong

__________________________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
New DSL Internet Access from SBC & Yahoo!
http://sbc.yahoo.com
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Subject: Re: Information sought on reef fish spawning aggregations
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2002 07:54:30 -1000
From: "John Naughton" <John.Naughton@noaa.gov>
To: andy cornish <andy_cornish@yahoo.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Andy:

NMFS/NOAA has been involved recently in the environmental aspects of a
large road project being built in Palau under treaty between the U.S. and
the Republic of Palau.
Because of some potentially substantial impacts on marine systems (i.e.,
dredging for road aggregate, causeway construction), we have developed a
compensatory mitigation package for the project, including the
establishment of the 30,000 acre Ngaremeduu Conservation Area.  One of
the major reasons for designating this particular marine protected area
(including a huge mangrove embayment, lagoon patch reefs, and large
section of barrier reef) off the west coast of Palau, is that it includes
a major grouper spawning channel through the barrier reef.

There are a number of these very important grouper spawning channels in
Palau, particularly in the western barrier reef.  I'm somewhat hesitant
to name the ones known to me (for obvious reasons) without the permission
of appropriate people in Palau. Hopefully, via this e-mail to the list,
someone in Palau can respond to you directly with this important
information.  Protection of these channels in Palau and elsewhere is
critical.  Well enforced MPAs, in my opinion, is the most appropriate
tool for insuring this protection.

Aloha,          John

John Naughton
Pacific Islands Environmental Coordinator
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
Honolulu, Hawaii

andy cornish wrote:

> Dear All,
>
> The Society for the Conservation of Reef Fish
> Aggregations (SCRFA) would like to enlist the help of
> coral reef researchers in collating information on
> spawning aggregations.
>
> Many reef fishes aggregate in large numbers at
> specific times and places to reproduce, particularly
> on the outer reef edge or reef passes.  Some sites may
> be used by many species, either simultaneously or at
> different times of day, month or year. Once they have
> been discovered, their predictable nature makes them
> extremely vulnerable to overexploitation. Overfishing
> has already depleted a substantial number of such
> reproductive gatherings in the Caribbean and
> considerable anecdotal evidence also suggests that
> many spawning aggregations of groupers are
> systematically being destroyed by the live reef food
> fish trade, especially in Indonesia and the western
> Pacific.
>
> SCRFA strives to promote and facilitate the
> international conservation and management of reef fish
> spawning aggregations and has initiated a global
> database to document aggregation history and status
> throughout the tropics to facilitate sound
> science-based development of appropriate
> fishery-specific management and conservation and to
> provide supporting information to stakeholders.
>
> However, spawning aggregation sites are often poorly
> documented and we are lacking information from many
> areas of the Pacific, Indian Ocean and Caribbean.
>
> We would like to hear from you if you aware of
> aggregations that have not been reported in the
> published literature, whether you know personally of
> such sites, or are aware of grey literature that may
> have contain relevant information. Also if you have
> conducted recent assessments of aggregations
> previously reported. Those contributing can be assured
> that the precise locations of spawning sites will not
> be released, unless there is specific reason to do so
> and after consultation with both the SCRFA Board and
> the contributor, to avoid the possible abuse of this
> information.
>
> Apologies for the cross posting and thanks,
>
> Andy Cornish
>
> =====
> Andy Cornish Ph.D,
> Teaching Consultant,
> Department of Ecology & Biodiversity,
> The University of Hong Kong,
> Pokfulam Rd., Hong Kong
>
> __________________________________________________
> Do you Yahoo!?
> New DSL Internet Access from SBC & Yahoo!
> http://sbc.yahoo.com
> ~~~~~~~
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> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

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Subject: Whoops: Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel]
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2002 20:26:23 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Sorry folks, you weren't supposed to see that that was forwaded by me
for Kimberly.  PLEASE reply directly to her instead of me.

Sorry about that...

        Jim

Jim Hendee wrote:

> From:  kerlinge@ngs.org
> To: coral-list
> Subject:  Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel
>
> Hello,
>
> I'm a researcher at the National Geographic Channels International. On
> reviewing
> a script, I found a claim that the "big mushroom" coral off Green Island
> in
> Taiwan is possibly considered the largest and oldest independent coral.
> Is this
> true? Can someone confirm this for me? I haven't been able to confirm
> this via
> the internet.
>
> Thank you very much for your time--
>
> Kimberly White Erlinger
> Researcher, NGCI
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Subject: Re: Re: Information sought on reef fish spawning aggregations
Date: Sat, 21 Sep 2002 10:43:46 +1000
From: "Mark Tupper" <mtupper@guam.uog.edu>
To: "John Naughton" <John.Naughton@noaa.gov>,
     andy cornish <andy_cornish@yahoo.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings Andy, John, and listers

"John Naughton"  wrote:
>---------------------------------------------------
>There are a number of these very important grouper >spawning channels
in Palau, particularly in the >western barrier reef.  I'm somewhat
hesitant
>to name the ones known to me (for obvious reasons) >without the
permission of appropriate people in >Palau. Hopefully, via this e-mail
to the list,
>someone in Palau can respond to you directly with >this important
information.  Protection of these >channels in Palau and elsewhere is
critical.  Well >enforced MPAs, in my opinion, is the most appropriate
>tool for insuring this protection.

The Marine Protected Areas Research Group (based at U. of Guam) will be
leading a NOAA-funded project to test indicators of MPA management
effectiveness in Guam, Palau, and the CNMI.  Our test sites include a
couple of MPAs on the western barrier reef of Palau.  The study will
include data collection on focal species (including grouper) abundance
and location/timing of spawning aggregations in MPAs and adjacent fished
 sites.  In the meantime, Pat Colin of the Coral Reef Research
Foundation is the person to talk to regarding reef fish spawning in
Palau.

One last comment on John's post.  I would not necessarily count on MPAs
as the single most appropriate tool for conserving grouper spawning
aggregations.  Several Pacific islands have implemented seasonal
commercial trade bans on groupers and other aggregating species.  These
bans make it illegal to buy or sell grouper during the spawning season,
which makes fishing aggregations much less attractive to fishermen from
an economic standpoint.

In my opinion, a combination of MPAs and seasonal trade bans (which are
currently used in Palau and Kosrare) might be the best way to conserve
aggregations - or at least better than MPAs alone.

Cheers,
Mark

PS: Andy, contact me directly for info on grouper spawning aggregations
in the Turks & Caicos Islands.

Dr. Mark H Tupper, Assistant Professor
University of Guam Marine Laboratory
UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923
tel. 671-735-2185; fax 671-734-6767
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/tupper/index.html

Coordinator, Marine Protected Areas Research Group
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/mpa/index.html

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Subject: Bleaching in the Southern Arabian Gulf
Date: Mon, 23 Sep 2002 16:57:18 -0400
From: "Monika Gurnee" <Monika.Gurnee@noaa.gov>
Reply-To: <dodge@nova.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: <dodge@nova.edu>, <rieglb@nova.edu>

2002 Coral Bleaching Event in the Southern Arabian Gulf (United Arab
Emirates)

A research team consisting of scientists from the Dubai
Municipality/National Coral Reef Institute (Nova Southeastern University,
Fort Lauderdale, USA)/UAE Environmental Research and Wildlife Development
Agency/Karl-Franzens- University Graz/Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam found
significant bleaching on coral reefs in the Arabian Gulf at the nearshore
site of Jebel Ali (Dubai, between Jebel Ali port and Ras Hasyan) and the
offshore island Sir Abu Nuair.

In Jebel Ali all corals were bleached white, with only few individuals
(among them Acropora downingi recruits) partially bleached or unbleached.
According to reports by DM and ERWDA, the bleaching started during the last
week of August when sea surface temperatures reached up to 37 degrees near
Dubai. In Sir Abu Nuair, the bleaching was more patchy and heaviest among
massive corals, less among Acropora spp. No significant mortality was found
yet, and recovery is still possible. Over 90% of bleached corals still had
tissues and had not yet incurred even partial mortality. At the same time,
no bleaching was observed on reefs at the same latitude in the Arabian Sea
on Oman's Musandam Peninsula near Ras Lima and Geziret Lima.

The team was led by Mohammed Abdelrahman Hassan Deshgooni of Dubai
Municipality, Nasser Shadoor of ERWDA, and Bernhard Riegl of the National
Coral Reef Institute of Nova Southeastern University. For further inquiries,
please contact Bernhard Riegl at rieglb@nova.edu.

Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D.
Dean
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Drive
Dania, FL 33004

NSUOC http://www.nova.edu/ocean/
NCRI http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/index.html

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Subject: NOAA Website Accesses 150 Years of Hurricane Data
Date: Mon, 23 Sep 2002 16:02:30 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral-List:  FYI

Website Accesses 150 Years of Hurricane Data

http://ens-news.com/ens/sep2002/2002-09-19-09.asp#anchor7

SILVER SPRING, Maryland - A new Internet based application allows the
search and display of detailed tropical cyclone data and coastal population
trends.

Emergency preparedness managers, meteorologists and the general public can
use the Historical Hurricane Tracks tool to explore more than 150 years of
information about tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico
and the Caribbean Sea.

Searches can be made using criteria such as storm name, U.S. ZIP code, U.S.
state, county, or latitude and longitude. Tropical cyclone activity is
archived as far back as 1851. The site also provides a searchable database
of population changes from 1900 to 2000 for U.S. coastal counties affected
by hurricanes and detailed text reports on the life history and impact of
Atlantic tropical cyclones from 1958 to 2001.

This is the first site developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) that provides storm and population data side by side.

"To make informed decisions, emergency managers need to know how many
people live, work and vacation in coastal areas," said Margaret Davidson,
acting assistant administrator for NOAA's National Ocean Service. "Having
simultaneous access to population figures and storm data is a significant
improvement, since the more you know about past tropical cyclones the
better you can prepare for the future."

NOAA National Hurricane Center Director, Max Mayfield, praised the
initiative for bringing together useful information to a wide range of
users, from professional hurricane watchers to retirees planning to move to
the coast.

"Now that the Historical Hurricane Tracks tool is available you have one,
easy to navigate site that can answer many questions about tropical cyclone
history," Mayfield said.

Historical Hurricane Tracks is available at:
http://hurricane.csc.noaa.gov/hurricanes/

 # # #

http://ens-news.com/ens/sep2002/2002-09-19-09.asp#anchor7

NOAA CREATES ATLANTIC HURRICANES DATABASE

Emergency preparedness managers, meteorologists and the general public now
have a powerful new instrument to explore more than 150 years of
information about tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico
and the Caribbean Sea.

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s1006.htm

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

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Subject: Bleaching in the Gulf of Oman
Date: Tue, 24 Sep 2002 10:35:48 +0500
From: Michel Claereboudt <michelc@squ.edu.om>
To: <dodge@nova.edu>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <rieglb@nova.edu>

BLEACHING: RECENT EVENTS AND RECOVERY FOLLOWING THE 1998 EVENT

A bleaching hot spot alert was posted on the coral list at the beginning of
July when a pool of water 2C above the long-term monthly average was
centred near Muscat. Subsequently, some paling of Goniopora colonies was
reported by divers at the Daymaniyat National Nature Reserve, 40km off the
coast of Muscat in early August that had worsened by late August.
Observations at Kharabah Island (Most eastern Daymaniyat Island) made in
late August showed that the most affected corals were in water less than 6m
depth. The most severely affected species were Astreopora (100% of colonies
totally bleached), Symphyllia recta (60-70%), Goniopora species (50%),
Platygyra (20% of colonies partially bleached), and soft corals (25% of
colonies bleached). Together the hard coral species make up a coral cover of
20% out of a total hard coral cover of approximately 85%.
Coral communities in deeper water, 6-20m appeared unaffected.
Corals along the mainland coast of Muscat appear also to be largely
unaffected, and intermittent monitoring for bleached corals continues.

The bleaching event that occurred in southern Oman in 1998 only affected
very shallow corals along a relatively short stretch of coast near Mirbat,
and had a minor impact on the marine ecosystem there. A survey in several
coral-rich coves in January 2002 (5-10% coral cover) showed that hard coral
cover had fallen compared to observations made in 1996 (20-30% cover). The
decline cannot be solely attributable to the effects of bleaching in 1998
but is more likely to be the result of a range of natural factors including
the natural stress associated with summer upwellings, COTS, etc as well as
the effects of abalone fishing and SCUBA diving activity. The density of
coral recruits was low compared to other sites in Southern Arabia (e.g.
Socotra), indicating that recovery will be slow.

Michel Claereboudt and Simon Wilson

--
Michel Claereboudt
Sultan Qaboos University
College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences (BOX 34)
Dpt. Marine Science and Fisheries
Al-Khod 123
Sultanate of Oman
Tel (968) 515 249
Fax (968) 513 418

Email; michelc@squ.edu.om

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Subject: Re: cultured reef fishes?
Date: Tue, 24 Sep 2002 19:48:57 -0500
From: "stevekolian" <stevekolian@cox.net>
To: "Colette Wabnitz" <C.C.C.Wabnitz@newcastle.ac.uk>,
     "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "FISH-SCI" <FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE>,
     "Kathryn Kavanagh" <kkavanag@oeb.harvard.edu>

Could anyone direct me to publications or NOAA funded research that
quantifies reef fish population densities by unit area of habitat?

Best Regards,

Steve Kolian
Environmental Scientist Rm 5514
Louisiana Dept of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82178
Baton Rouge, Louisiana  70884-2178
225-765-0339 work
225-292-9514 home
steve_k@deq.state.la.us
stevekolian@cox.net

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Subject: Population desities of reef fish per unit area?
Date: Tue, 24 Sep 2002 22:11:39 -0500
From: "stevekolian" <stevekolian@cox.net>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "FISH-SCI" <FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE>

Dear List serve,

Could anyone direct me to publications or NOAA funded research that
quantifies reef fish population densities by unit area of habitat?


Best Regards,


Steve Kolian
Environmental Scientist Rm 5514
Louisiana Dept of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82178
Baton Rouge, Louisiana  70884-2178
225-765-0339 work
225-292-9514 home
steve_k@deq.state.la.us
stevekolian@cox.net

Subject: Reef HQ - Curatorial Internships 2003 available
Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2002 14:37:36 +1000
From: Kirstenm <kirstenm@gbrmpa.gov.au>
To: aquaticinfo@neaq.org, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Hi there,

I would like to advertise the following internship positions:

ReefHQ Curatorial internships 2003

As part of its education and outreach role, reefHQ offers two curatorial
internship positions to suitable applicants for 2003. Each internship
position carries one specialist research and development project, which
will be the core duty of the candidate. For the 2003 intake we seek
responsible individuals with an interest in developing techniques for
the culture of reef fish and gastropods respectively. However, interns
may also assist reefHQ staff with animal husbandry responsibilities of
all exhibits, including feeding of fish, turtles, corals, maintenance of
aquariums systems and other routine duties related to animal care This
program is designed for individuals intending to undertake a technical
or professional career in marine science, aquaculture or a closely
related discipline. Many of the skills acquired will have application in
a range of marine scientific disciplines and will be an advantage to
recent graduates seeking industry experience.

The ReefHQ work environment

Reef HQ, formerly the Great Barrier Reef Aquarium, is the aquarium and
education section of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, which
is a statutory department of the Australian Government empowered with
the task to care for the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. Reef HQ
consists of a 2.5 million litre living coral reef exhibit, the largest
in the world, a 750,000 litre predator exhibit, 34 smaller aquaria, an
extensive interpretative facility including a 200 seat theatre and a
classroom for school groups, a large mechanical workshop, display
preparation areas, support aquaria, turtle research and rehabilitation
centre and diverse marine research facilities, laboratory, staff offices
and a gift shop.

Internship specifics

Interns will work in the Curatorial Unit at the Reef HQ, which is
responsible for maintaining the live exhibits at the aquarium. Interns
will be exposed to practical and theoretical marine biology areas and
fields. Interns will assist in current research involving specimen
handling and collection, coral reproduction, physiology and
identification, experimental design, sampling techniques, data analysis
and basic laboratory techniques. Interns will also acquire aquarist
experience by assisting trained aquarists in animal husbandry
techniques, feeding, water quality analysis and more.
Daily duties to be performed include preparing animals' diets, feeding
animals, maintaining water quality in aquaria and holding tanks,
recording animal health and water quality data in logbooks, and routine
cleaning and upkeep of equipment and husbandry areas.

Eligibility for Curatorial Internships

A background in university-level science at Bachelor level (3 years) in
the field of aquaculture, marine biology or related fields and previous
experience with marine animal care and handling is a must. Familiarity
with wet lab, water testing, and microscopy procedures are highly
desirable. Experience at a marine lab or with home aquaria would also be
of value. Interns must be able to work 3 consecutive months with a
possibility of extending the internship to 6 months (if agreeable to
reefHQ and the candidate).  Interns must be in good physical condition
and able to commit to 5 full days (generally Monday to Friday 9am-5pm),
however, must also work on weekends if required. Interns must provide
their own housing and transportation while participating in the program.
While the internships are unpaid, the opportunity for skill and
knowledge development is unparalleled. Moreover, where possible reefHQ
is willing to cooperate with colleges and universities to obtain course
credit for each student.

There is a two-phase application process: a mail-in application and an
interview. To apply for the two available positions, please provide the
following materials:

1. Cover letter including:

 Name and contact information (address, email, phone)
 University name, address, and your academic program
 Previous experience in fish/ and or gastropod culture or marine
biology
 Your specific interests in marine biology and aquaria in particular
 Tentative schedule of availability

2. Current resume including three academic or professional references
with contact information

3. A letter of support from a current faculty member who is familiar
with your internship related interests

Please note that applications will be evaluated based on academic
skills, experience, motivation, and relevance of the applicants
interests to our focus program.
Candidates successfully reaching phase two will be notified within one
month of the application reaching reefHQ and a (phone) interview will be
scheduled.

Applications close on 31 October 2002 and a start of the program is
envisaged for between March and June 2003.

Please email info@reefhq.gov.au to determine the status of your
application.

For more information about reefHQ and the internship program please see
our web site http://www.reefhq.org.au

Regards,

Kirsten

Dr. Kirsten Michalek-Wagner
Biologist Coral Reef Ecosystems
ReefHQ
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
2-68 Flinders Street, Townsville, Qld. 4810
Australia

phone: 07 4750 0876
fax:   07 4772 5281
email: kirstenm@gbrmpa.gov.au

"For myself, I am an optimist.  It does not seem to be much use being
anything else." Sir Winston Churchill

http://www.reefhq.org.au

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Subject: Coral spawning at Cozumel
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2002 11:04:16 +1000
From: "Jose M. Castello" <picoczml@cozumel.com.mx> (by way of Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Coralisters:
   On August 29, 2002, Jose Castello observed 25 colonies of Montastrea
annularis and one of Dichocoenia stokesii spawn at 2200 hr on Paradise
Reef, Cozumel, Mexico.  No spawning was observed on the 26th, 27th, 28th,
30th and 31st at the same time.
   Any questions should go to Jose at picoczml@cozumel.com.mx
   -Doug

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Subject: 10ICRS Okinawa, 2004
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2002 11:27:05 +0900
From: Hajime Kayanne <kayanne@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-List,

The 10th International Coral Reef Symposium will be held in Okinawa from
28 June to 2 July, 2004 being coordinated by International/Local
Organizing
committees and the Japanese Coral Reef Society.

The first circular has just been issued, which announces the general
information of the symposium with a pre registration card and call for
proposals of mini-symposium responding to four sub-themes under the main
theme "Stability and Degradation of Coral Reef Ecosystems" selected by
the Organizing Committee.

The first circular is enclosed with the next issue of "Coral Reefs", and
you can find the same contents  at http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004.
Those who wish to convene a mini-symposium should submit the theme
through
this web site by 30 January 2003.

Call for individual papers will be announced in the second circular
(around July 2003) after the content of mini-symposiums fixes.

Please visit the web site or you may contact to "icrs@plando.co.jp" for
further information.

We are pleased to invite you to participate in the Symposium.

Best wishes,
Hajime Kayanne
(Secretariat General, LOC/JCRS)

---- Hajime KAYANNE ----
Department of Earth & Planetary Science,
University of Tokyo
Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
Tel: 81-3-5841-4573
Tel & Fax: 81-3-3814-6358
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel]
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2002 11:19:51 -0400
From: "Keven Reed" <kevenreed@earthlink.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Kimberly White Erlinger,
    In 1992 the Guinness Book of Records had published the largest,
discrete, stony coral colony (corals in the order Scleractinia) to be
Galaxea fascicularis at Iriomote island in Okinawa, the southern
prefecture of Japan.  Okinawa, Japan is by the way, closer to Taiwan
than Tokyo.
    Knowing this, when I dove on a much larger discrete colony of coral,
Porites lutea, off the north shore of Ie Shima, Okinawa, Japan, I
returned with cameras, measuring line, etc. and my dive partner, Russell
Gilbert,
and sent the documentation into Guinness with the following details:
    At approximately 17 meters depth (55 fsw), 26 degrees 44' N, 127
degrees 46.8 E in Okinawa is a high raised dome pinnacle of one solid
colony of
encrusting Porites lutea.  The colony is undercut so on approach
underwater from the east, swimming west, it appears in profile as a
giant mushroom
as big as a small house.  The colony was photographed with a 20 mm lens
on
a Nikonos III and the circumference of the colony was 31 meters (100
feet)
which definitely exceeded the 59+ feet circumference of Dr. Shirai's
Galaxea at Iriomote.
    I transmitted this information electronically to Dr. "Charlie" Veron
and Dr. Peter Isdale in Australia in 1995, and learned that they had
almost
simultaneously measured and reported to Guinness a Porites coral colony
measuring almost eleven meters in diameter and over 7.5 meters in height
on the GBR.
    So, I'm naturally curious what species of coral the Chinese are
referring to and if its dimensions exceed that of the Porites I reported
in Okinawa or the one the Australians reported from the GBR.??
    Another interesting sidebar about what constitutes a 'discreet'
colony can develop when one notes that some stony corals can use
fragmentation
and asexual cloning as well as sexual reproduction to proliferate.  Is a
'discrete colony' the result of one sexually produced planula (larvum)
settling on the substrate, or do asexual clones count as the same colony
in your definition?  Sincerely, Keven Reed, OD (ISRS member)

Joint Readiness Clinical Advisory Board:  (301) 619-2186
FAX:  (301) 619-2355
1014 Mercer Place
Frederick, MD 21701

----- Original Message -----
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Friday, September 20, 2002 4:44 PM
Subject: [Fwd: Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel]

> From:  kerlinge@ngs.org
> To: coral-list
> Subject:  Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel
>
> Hello,
>
> I'm a researcher at the National Geographic Channels International. On
> reviewing
> a script, I found a claim that the "big mushroom" coral off Green Island
> in
> Taiwan is possibly considered the largest and oldest independent coral.
> Is this
> true? Can someone confirm this for me? I haven't been able to confirm
> this via
> the internet.
>
> Thank you very much for your time--
>
> Kimberly White Erlinger
> Researcher, NGCI
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Five Faculty Positions and One Postdoc
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2002 12:08:55 -0400
From: Danny Gleason <dgleason@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, invites
applications for five tenure-track Assistant Professor positions and a
postdoctoral visiting assistant professor position. Requirements for
tenure-track positions: proficiency in English, ability to work with
diverse populations. Ph.D. required at the time of application,
postdoctoral experience preferred. We seek applicants who can collaborate
with our faculty, secure external funding and contribute to
the  department's broad research emphasis on coastal biology. In addition
to specific courses listed below, positions require participation in
introductory courses and upper level courses in applicant's area of
expertise. Starting date is 1 August 2003. Salary commensurate with
qualifications.

Vector Ecology: Research should emphasize medical/veterinary entomology.
The individual should be able to collaborate with members of the
University's Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology. The IAP
undertakes projects on tick systematics, vector biology,
arthropod-borne  diseases, and zoonoses. Search Chair: Dr. William Irby.

Microbiologist: Research area within microbiology is open. Teaching duties
will include microbiology for health professional students. Search Chair:
Dr. Oscar Pung.

Molecular Physiologist: Research area is open but preference may be given
to individuals working with estuarine/marine systems. Teaching duties
include Cellular Biology. Search Chair: Dr. Jonathan Copeland.

Vertebrate Biologist: Research area is open. Applicant should have some
experience curating collections of lower vertebrates. Part of the
assignment for this position will be the curation of the Savannah Science
Museum Herpetological Collection of approximately 35,000 specimens. Search
Chair: Dr. David Rostal.

Plant Biologist: Research area is open. Applicants should be capable of the
field identification of southeastern flora. Teaching duties include plant
taxonomy and possibly plant physiology. Search Chair: Dr. John Averett.

Post-Doctoral Visiting Assistant Professor: Research on function of Na+/H+
exchanger (NHE) function in transporting epithelia. Project focuses on
molecular physiology and expression of NHE in lower vertebrates. This NSF
funded work will be carried out at our home institution and during summers
at The Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory (http://www.mdibl.org/).
Candidate must have background in immunological and immunohistochemical
approaches and organismal physiology. Training in molecular biology
techniques is desirable but not required. Graduate teaching opportunities
possible. Position is currently funded for up to 3 years. Please send CV, a
recent publication, and contact information for 3 references. Screening
begins immediately and continues until position is filled. Search Chair:
Dr. James Claiborne (http://www.bio.gasou.edu/claiborne/).

THE DEPARTMENT AND THE UNIVERSITY
The Department of Biology has a commitment to teaching and research
excellence and provides an integrative biology program leading to B.A.,
B.S., and M.S. degrees. The Department has 29 faculty members, 600
undergraduate majors, and 40 M.S. degree
students  (http://www.bio.gasou.edu/). Department affiliations include the
Institute for Arthropodology and Parasitology, Smithsonian Institution's
National Tick Collection, Savannah Science Museum Herpetological
Collection, Georgia Southern Botanical Garden and Herbarium, and Applied
Coastal Research Laboratory on Skidaway Island. Georgia Southern
University, is the largest
center of higher education in the southern half of
Georgia  (http://chronicle.com/jobs/profiles/911.htm).

APPLICATION INFORMATION
Send letter of application, curriculum vitae, statements of teaching and
research interests, and contact information for three references to the
Search Chair (shown above), Department of Biology, Georgia Southern
University, P.O. Box 8042, Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA. Application
postmark deadline is 1 November 2002. Georgia is an open records state.
Individuals who need reasonable accommodations under the ADA in order to
participate in the search process should notify the search chair. Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution.

**************************************
"Heck, we're invertebrates, my boy!  As a whole, we're
the movers and shakers on this planet!  Spineless
superheroes, that's what we are!"
Father Worm to his son in "There's a Hair in My Dirt -
A Worm Story" by Gary Larson
**************************************
Daniel Gleason
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University
P.O. Box 8042
Statesboro, GA  30460-8042

Phone: 912-681-5957
FAX: 912-681-0845
E-mail: dgleason@gasou.edu
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Gleason-home.html
**************************************

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


Subject: Reproductive biology of Tubastraea
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 2002 21:56:49 -0300
From: "Alline Figueira de Paula" <alline@cosmevelho.com.br>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-List,

We have been studying the Dendrophylliid genus Tubastraea in southeastern
Brazil. I would be grateful to know whether anyone has data, observations or
publications on the reproductive biology of Tubastraea coccinea (or T.
aurea) or T. tagusensis in other parts of the world.

Thanks in advance, Alline

Alline Figueira de Paula
Subject: RE: Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel]
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 13:36:40 +1000
From: "Dave Barnes" <d.barnes@aims.gov.au>
To: "Keven Reed" <kevenreed@earthlink.net>, <kerlinge@ngs.org>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Kevin and Kimberly,

We have dated a 6.2 m core collected by Peter Isdale from a massive colony
of Porites growing on Abraham Reef, which lies towards the southern end of
the Great Barrier Reef.  We have reliable dating (say plus/minus 3 years) to
1479.  We dated with reasonable confidence additional growth back to 1330.
The colony from which the core was removed was 7.5 m high and about 31m in
circumference.  We estimate that at least a further 100 years growth was not
cored.

Size and age do not necessarily equate.  Porites extension rate increases
with water temperature (Lough & Barnes, 2000, JEMBE).  Thus large colonies
in warmer waters are likely to be younger than similar sized colonies
growing in cooler water.  There is also considerable natural variability.
For example, a core from an 8m high colony with a circumference of 25m
growing at Sanctuary Reef, which is nearby Abraham Reef, was reliably dated
back to 1501.  In recent years this colony grew at 9.4mm per year whereas
the colony at Abraham Reef grew at 13.0 mm per year over the same time
period. Average annual water temperature for this region is 24.5 degC.

Researchers at the Australian National University are using colonies of
Diploastrea heliopora.  These extend about 3.5mm per year in Indonesian
waters, where we would expect massive Porites to grow at about 20mm per
year.  They have a core from a 1.5m high colony that they have dated back to
about 1550.  Colonies of D. heliopora up to 3m high have been described.

Cheers - Janice Lough & Dave Barnes.

Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB 3, Mail Centre
Townsville  Qld  4810
Australia

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Keven Reed
Sent: Friday, 27 September 2002 01:20
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel]

Dear Kimberly White Erlinger,
    In 1992 the Guinness Book of Records had published the largest,
discrete, stony coral colony (corals in the order Scleractinia) to be
Galaxea fascicularis at Iriomote island in Okinawa, the southern
prefecture of Japan.  Okinawa, Japan is by the way, closer to Taiwan
than Tokyo.
    Knowing this, when I dove on a much larger discrete colony of coral,
Porites lutea, off the north shore of Ie Shima, Okinawa, Japan, I
returned with cameras, measuring line, etc. and my dive partner, Russell
Gilbert,
and sent the documentation into Guinness with the following details:
    At approximately 17 meters depth (55 fsw), 26 degrees 44' N, 127
degrees 46.8 E in Okinawa is a high raised dome pinnacle of one solid
colony of
encrusting Porites lutea.  The colony is undercut so on approach
underwater from the east, swimming west, it appears in profile as a
giant mushroom
as big as a small house.  The colony was photographed with a 20 mm lens
on
a Nikonos III and the circumference of the colony was 31 meters (100
feet)
which definitely exceeded the 59+ feet circumference of Dr. Shirai's
Galaxea at Iriomote.
    I transmitted this information electronically to Dr. "Charlie" Veron
and Dr. Peter Isdale in Australia in 1995, and learned that they had
almost
simultaneously measured and reported to Guinness a Porites coral colony
measuring almost eleven meters in diameter and over 7.5 meters in height
on the GBR.
    So, I'm naturally curious what species of coral the Chinese are
referring to and if its dimensions exceed that of the Porites I reported
in Okinawa or the one the Australians reported from the GBR.??
    Another interesting sidebar about what constitutes a 'discreet'
colony can develop when one notes that some stony corals can use
fragmentation
and asexual cloning as well as sexual reproduction to proliferate.  Is a
'discrete colony' the result of one sexually produced planula (larvum)
settling on the substrate, or do asexual clones count as the same colony
in your definition?  Sincerely, Keven Reed, OD (ISRS member)

Joint Readiness Clinical Advisory Board:  (301) 619-2186
FAX:  (301) 619-2355
1014 Mercer Place
Frederick, MD 21701

----- Original Message -----
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Friday, September 20, 2002 4:44 PM
Subject: [Fwd: Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel]

> From:  kerlinge@ngs.org
> To: coral-list
> Subject:  Coral Reef question for National Geo Channel
>
> Hello,
>
> I'm a researcher at the National Geographic Channels International. On
> reviewing
> a script, I found a claim that the "big mushroom" coral off Green Island
> in
> Taiwan is possibly considered the largest and oldest independent coral.
> Is this
> true? Can someone confirm this for me? I haven't been able to confirm
> this via
> the internet.
>
> Thank you very much for your time--
>
> Kimberly White Erlinger
> Researcher, NGCI
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Caribbean bleaching 1982/83 vs. 1987
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 10:47:35 +0000
From: "John McWilliams" <john_mcwilliams@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral list
Can anyone tell me (or suggest a reference) why the first major coral
bleaching event in the Caribbean was in 1987, whereas the 1982/83 ENSO was
stronger? Several references state that the 1982/83 episode as being the
second strongest in the 20th century, after 1997/98.

Thanks,

John McWilliams
School of Biological Sciences
University of East Anglia
Norwich
UK

_________________________________________________________________
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Caribbean bleaching 1982/83 vs. 1987
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 10:47:35 +0000
From: "John McWilliams" <john_mcwilliams@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral list
Can anyone tell me (or suggest a reference) why the first major coral
bleaching event in the Caribbean was in 1987, whereas the 1982/83 ENSO was
stronger? Several references state that the 1982/83 episode as being the
second strongest in the 20th century, after 1997/98.

Thanks,

John McWilliams
School of Biological Sciences
University of East Anglia
Norwich
UK

_________________________________________________________________
Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Caribbean bleaching 1982/83 vs. 1987
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 08:26:39 -0400
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: John McWilliams <john_mcwilliams@hotmail.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

John,

A major mitigating factor in any event during 1982/83 throughout the
tropics was the massive aerosol veil from the Mexican volcanic eruption
of El Chichon (16n)....keeping the insolation down especially between
the latitudes of 10n and 25n.....sounds like the Caribbean...

Cheers,
Al Strong

John McWilliams wrote:

> Dear coral list
> Can anyone tell me (or suggest a reference) why the first major coral
> bleaching event in the Caribbean was in 1987, whereas the 1982/83 ENSO
> was stronger? Several references state that the 1982/83 episode as
> being the second strongest in the 20th century, after 1997/98.
>
> Thanks,
>
> John McWilliams
> School of Biological Sciences
> University of East Anglia
> Norwich
> UK
>
>
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>

--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
  Alan E. Strong
   Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
          Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
    NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
    NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
    5200 Auth Road
    Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
          Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
               301-763-8102 x170
                FAX: 301-763-8572
    http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad


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Subject: NOAA RELEASES FIRST NATIONAL STUDY OF U.S. CORAL REEFS
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:11:14 -0400
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>, Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE     September 26, 2002
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 02-125
CONTACT:  David Miller, NOAA  (202) 482-6090

NOAA RELEASES FIRST NATIONAL STUDY OF U.S. CORAL REEFS
New Report Highlights Key Actions and Addresses Threats

The first-ever national assessment of the condition of U.S. coral reefs
was released today by the U.S. Department of Commerces National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The report identifies the
pressures that pose increasing risks to reefs, particularly in certain
hot spots located near population centers.  The report also assesses
the health of reef resources, ranks threats in 13 geographic areas, and
details mitigation efforts.
Led by NOAAs National Ocean Service, the 265-page report, The State of
Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated

States, was developed by 38 coral reef experts and 79 expert
contributors. Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Coral Reef Task
Force, the report establishes a baseline that will now be used for
biennial reports on the health of U.S. coral reefs.  NOAA has also
released A National Coral Reef Strategy, a report to Congress outlining
specific action to address 13 major goals, including continuing mapping
and monitoring, to safeguard reefs. The reports will be highlighted when

the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force meets on October 2-3, in San Juan, Puerto

Rico.

Co-chaired by the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the
Interior, the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force was established in 1998 to help

lead U.S. efforts to address the coral reef crisis.  It includes the
heads of 11 federal agencies and governors of seven states, territories
and commonwealths.

NOAA scientists have already achieved a scientific milestone in mapping
coral reefs.  Working with public and private partners in Puerto Rico
and the U.S. Virgin Islands, they successfully mapped coral ecosystems
around those islands using a novel 26-category classification system and

mapping process.
-more-

- 2 -

The new classification is a vital management tool that tells us where
the reefs are, what lives on them, and what relationships may be to
neighboring habitats and human activities, said retired Navy Vice Adm.
Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Ph.D., undersecretary of commerce for oceans and

atmosphere and NOAA administrator.  We now have a complete snapshot of
the U.S. Caribbean region, a clear, consistent baseline for future
mapping, and a solid model to implement good management in other
regions.

The mapping process developed in the U.S. Caribbean is currently being
applied in Hawaii, and then Guam, American Samoa and other U.S.
territories with coral reefs.

Clear action is needed because an estimated 27 percent of the worlds
shallow water coral reefs may already be beyond recovery.  An estimated
66 percent are now severely degraded.  Craig Manson, assistant secretary

for fish and wildlife and parks, Department of the Interior, called
release of the first national study of U.S. coral reefs an important
first report card on the health of U.S. reefs.  Its a valuable tool for

raising public awareness about the global decline of these unique
treasures, he said.

The report indicates that, in all areas, some U.S. reefs are in good to
excellent health.  But it also states that every U.S. reef system is
suffering from both human and natural disturbances.  U.S. reefs share
problems with reefs globally, especially the effects of rapidly growing
coastal populations. Over 10.5 million people now live in U.S. coastal
areas adjacent to shallow coral reefs. Every year, 45 million people
visit these areas.

While natural environmental pressures such as temperature, sea-level
changes, diseases and storms have shaped coral reefs for at least
thousands of years, human-induced pressures are now also taking their
toll.  Coastal pollution, coastal development and runoff, and
destructive fishing practices are among the top-ranked threats.  These
are followed by ship groundings, diseases, changing climate, trade in
coral and live reef species, alien species, marine debris, harmful
tourist activity and tropical storms.

Overall, Florida and the U.S. Caribbean were found to be in the poorest
condition, mainly because of nearby dense populations and the effects of

hurricanes, disease, overfishing and a proliferation of algae.  Live
coral cover in the Florida Keys has declined 37 percent over the past
five years.  Of 31 coral reef fishery stocks in federal waters, 23 are
overfished in the U.S. Caribbean. Coral disease is especially high in
the Caribbean, where over 90 percent of the once abundant longspine sea
urchins died in the early 1980s.  Vital in keeping coral from being
overgrown and killed by algae, they have since recovered to just 10
percent of their original numbers off the coasts of Florida, Puerto Rico

and the U.S. Virgin Islands.  In 20 years, white-band disease has killed

nearly all the elkhorn and staghorn corals off the coasts of St. Croix,
Puerto Rico and southeast Florida.
- more -

-3-

The report also details coral reef conditions in the Flower Garden Banks

of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, Nassau, the Hawaiian Archipelago,
American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana islands
and the Pacific Freely Associated States (Republic of the Marshall
Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau).

As ancient animals, corals evolved into modern reef-building forms over
the last 25 million years. Today these living forms are earths largest
biological structures. They are essential sources of food, jobs,
chemicals, shoreline protection and life-saving pharmaceuticals.
Tourism in U.S. coral reef areas generates over $17 billion annually.
Commercial fishing generates an additional $246.9 million annually.  In
South Florida alone, reefs support 44,500 jobs, providing a total annual

income of $1.2 billion.

Data and other information derived from NOAAs coral reef efforts are
now available at CoRIS, a new Coral Reef Information System Web site
that provides a single point of access for nearly 20,000 aerial photos,
navigational charts, photo mosaics, monitoring reports, professional
exchanges and much more.

The Commerce Departments National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration  (NOAA) is dedicated to enhancing economic security and
national safety through the prediction and research of weather and
climate-related events and providing environmental stewardship of our
nations coastal and marine resources. To learn more about NOAA please
visit http://www.noaa.gov The new reports and CoRIS Web site are
available at http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov. Digital map products are
available on CD-ROM and at http://biogeo.nos.noaa.gov.

-3-

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: NOAA UNVEILS COMPREHENSIVE WEB SITE ON CORAL REEFS
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:14:10 -0400
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>, Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 02-126
CONTACT:  Patricia Viets, NOAA   (301) 457-5005
September 27, 2002

 NOAA UNVEILS COMPREHENSIVE WEB SITE ON CORAL REEFS

 A new Internet site designed as a single point of access for information on
coral
reefs is now online, the Commerce Departments National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced today.  The site, the Coral Reef
Information System, or CoRIS, provides data and information
derived from NOAA programs and projects. The site provides access to 19,000
aerial photos, 400 preview navigational
charts, tide stations, paleoclimatological studies, photo mosaics, coral
reef monitoring, bleaching reports,
and other information. Before CoRIS, users faced an array of more than 50
NOAA coral reef Web sites.

 CoRIS, backed by powerful search engines, offers a Web-enabled,
GIS-enhanced,
state-of-the-art information system using a single Web portal to gain easy
access to NOAAs coral reef resources. By
cataloging and indexing metadata summarizing the actual data holdings, CoRIS
easily guides the user to the desired data
and information. CoRIS supports NOAAs activities on the National Coral Reef
Task Force and NOAAs implementation of the National Action Plan to Conserve
Coral Reefs.

 Corals are ancient animals that date back 400 million years. Over the past
25 million
years they have evolved into modern reef-building forms. Coral reefs are one
of the most diverse habitats in the
world and are considered the largest structures on Earth of biological
origin, rivaling old-growth forests in their
longevity. Reefs can be many hundreds of years old. Reefs provide important
protection for coastal communities from
storms, wave damage and erosion, as well as homes and nurseries for almost a
million species of plants, animals
and other organisms, including many that we rely on for food.

-more-

-2-

 Corals are now a cross-cutting theme throughout NOAA, and the recent
National Action
Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs
calls on NOAA and its Coral Reef Task Force partners to reduce or eliminate
the most
destructive human-derived threats
to coral reefs. The plan describes nine long-range, far-reaching strategies
to address
these threats:

 Expand and strengthen the network of coral reef marine protected areas and
reserves;
 Reduce the adverse impacts of extractive uses such as overfishing;
 Reduce habitat destruction;
 Reduce pollution such as marine debris;
 Restore damaged reefs;
 Reduce global threats to reefs;
 Reduce impacts of international trade of coral reef resources;
 Improve interagency accountability and coordination; and
 Inform the public.

 The Coral Reef Information System Web site (CoRIS) is located at:
http://www.coris.noaa.gov/

 NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety
through the
prediction and research of weather and climate-related events and providing
environmental stewardship of our nations coastal and marine resources. To
learn more about NOAA, please visit http://www.noaa.gov.

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: New NOAA Coral web site (CORIS)!
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:14:27 -0400
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

NOAA 02-126
CONTACT: =20
Patricia Viets, NOAA
(301) 457-5005

~~~ FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE ~~~

 NOAA UNVEILS COMPREHENSIVE WEB SITE ON CORAL REEFS

 A new Internet site designed as a single point of access for
information on coral reefs is now online, the Commerce Department's
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced today.

 The site, the Coral Reef Information System, or CoRIS, provides data
and information derived from NOAA programs and projects. The site
provides access to 19,000 aerial photos, 400 preview navigational
charts, tide stations, paleoclimatological studies, photo mosaics, coral
reef monitoring, bleaching reports, and other information. Before CoRIS,
users faced an array of more than 50 NOAA coral reef Web sites.

 CoRIS, backed by powerful search engines, offers a Web-enabled,
GIS-enhanced, state-of-the-art information system using a single Web
portal to gain easy access to NOAA's coral reef resources. By cataloging
and indexing metadata summarizing the actual data holdings, CoRIS easily
guides the user to the desired data and information. CoRIS supports
NOAA's activities on the National Coral Reef Task Force and NOAA's
implementation of the National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs.

 Corals are ancient animals that date back 400 million years. Over the
past 25 million years they have evolved into modern reef-building forms.
Coral reefs are one of the most diverse habitats in the world and are
considered the largest structures on Earth of biological origin,
rivaling old-growth forests in their longevity. Reefs can be many
hundreds of years old. Reefs provide important protection for coastal
communities from storms, wave damage and erosion, as well as homes and
nurseries for almost a million species of plants, animals and other
organisms, including many that we rely on for food.

 Corals are now a cross-cutting theme throughout NOAA, and the recent
"National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs" calls on NOAA and its
Coral Reef Task Force partners to reduce or eliminate the most
destructive human-derived threats to coral reefs. The plan describes
nine long-range, far-reaching strategies to address these threats:

*  Expand and strengthen the network of coral reef marine protected
areas
and reserves;
*  Reduce the adverse impacts of extractive uses such as overfishing;
*  Reduce habitat destruction;
*  Reduce pollution such as marine debris;
*  Restore damaged reefs;
*  Reduce global threats to reefs;
*  Reduce impacts of international trade of coral reef resources;
*  Improve interagency accountability and coordination; and
*  Inform the public.

 The Coral Reef Information System Web site (CoRIS) is located at:

      http://www.coris.noaa.gov/

 NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety
through the prediction and research of weather and climate-related
events and providing environmental stewardship of our nation's coastal
and marine resources. To learn more about NOAA, please visit
http://www.noaa.gov.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: New NOAA coral reef reports
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 12:14:53 -0400
From: Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

NOAA 02-125
CONTACT:  David Miller, NOAA    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
(202) 482-6090    September 26, 2002

NOAA RELEASES FIRST NATIONAL STUDY OF U.S. CORAL REEFS
New Report Highlights Key Actions and Addresses Threats

The first-ever national assessment of the condition of U.S. coral reefs
was released today by the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The report identifies the
pressures that pose increasing risks to reefs, particularly in certain
"hot spots" located near population centers.  The report also assesses
the health of reef resources, ranks threats in 13 geographic areas, and
details mitigation efforts.
Led by NOAA's National Ocean Service, the 265-page report, The State of
Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and Pacific Freely Associated
States, was developed by 38 coral reef experts and 79 expert
contributors. Prepared under the auspices of the U.S. Coral Reef Task
Force, the report establishes a baseline that will now be used for
biennial reports on the health of U.S. coral reefs.  NOAA has also
released A National Coral Reef Strategy, a report to Congress outlining
specific action to address 13 major goals, including continuing mapping
and monitoring, to safeguard reefs. The reports will be highlighted when
the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force meets on October 2-3, in San Juan, Puerto
Rico.

Co-chaired by the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of the
Interior, the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force was established in 1998 to help
lead U.S. efforts to address the coral reef crisis.  It includes the
heads of 11 federal agencies and governors of seven states, territories
and commonwealths.

NOAA scientists have already achieved a scientific milestone in mapping
coral reefs.  Working with public and private partners in Puerto Rico
and the U.S. Virgin Islands, they successfully mapped coral ecosystems
around those islands using a novel 26-category classification system and
mapping process.

"The new classification is a vital management tool that tells us where
the reefs are, what lives on them, and what relationships may be to
neighboring habitats and human activities," said retired Navy Vice Adm.
Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Ph.D., undersecretary of commerce for oceans and
atmosphere and NOAA administrator.  'We now have a complete snapshot of
the U.S. Caribbean region, a clear, consistent baseline for future
mapping, and a solid model to implement good management in other
regions."

The mapping process developed in the U.S. Caribbean is currently being
applied in Hawaii, and then Guam, American Samoa and other U.S.
territories with coral reefs.

Clear action is needed because an estimated 27 percent of the world's
shallow water coral reefs may already be beyond recovery.  An estimated
66 percent are now severely degraded.  Craig Manson, assistant secretary
for fish and wildlife and parks, Department of the Interior, called
release of the first national study of U.S. coral reefs "an important
first report card on the health of U.S. reefs.  It's a valuable tool for
raising public awareness about the global decline of these unique
treasures," he said.

The report indicates that, in all areas, some U.S. reefs are in good to
excellent health.  But it also states that every U.S. reef system is
suffering from both human and natural disturbances.  U.S. reefs share
problems with reefs globally, especially the effects of rapidly growing
coastal populations. Over 10.5 million people now live in U.S. coastal
areas adjacent to shallow coral reefs. Every year, 45 million people
visit these areas.

While natural environmental pressures such as temperature, sea-level
changes, diseases and storms have shaped coral reefs for at least
thousands of years, human-induced pressures are now also taking their
toll.  Coastal pollution, coastal development and runoff, and
destructive fishing practices are among the top-ranked threats.  These
are followed by ship groundings, diseases, changing climate, trade in
coral and live reef species, alien species, marine debris, harmful
tourist activity and tropical storms.

Overall, Florida and the U.S. Caribbean were found to be in the poorest
condition, mainly because of nearby dense populations and the effects of
hurricanes, disease, overfishing and a proliferation of algae.  Live
coral cover in the Florida Keys has declined 37 percent over the past
five years.  Of 31 coral reef fishery stocks in federal waters, 23 are
overfished in the U.S. Caribbean. Coral disease is especially high in
the Caribbean, where over 90 percent of the once abundant longspine sea
urchins died in the early 1980s.  Vital in keeping coral from being
overgrown and killed by algae, they have since recovered to just 10
percent of their original numbers off the coasts of Florida, Puerto Rico
and the U.S. Virgin Islands.  In 20 years, white-band disease has killed
nearly all the elkhorn and staghorn corals off the coasts of St. Croix,
Puerto Rico and southeast Florida.

The report also details coral reef conditions in the Flower Garden Banks
of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, Nassau, the Hawaiian Archipelago,
American Samoa, Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana islands
and the Pacific Freely Associated States (Republic of the Marshall
Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of Palau).

As ancient animals, corals evolved into modern reef-building forms over
the last 25 million years. Today these living forms are earth's largest
biological structures. They are essential sources of food, jobs,
chemicals, shoreline protection and life-saving pharmaceuticals.
Tourism in U.S. coral reef areas generates over $17 billion annually.
Commercial fishing generates an additional $246.9 million annually.  In
South Florida alone, reefs support 44,500 jobs, providing a total annual
income of $1.2 billion.

Data and other information derived from NOAA's coral reef efforts are
now available at CoRIS, a new Coral Reef Information System Web site
that provides a single point of access for nearly 20,000 aerial photos,
navigational charts, photo mosaics, monitoring reports, professional
exchanges and much more.  The CoRIS Web site is at
http://www.coris.noaa.gov.

The Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration  (NOAA) is dedicated to enhancing economic security and
national safety through the prediction and research of weather and
climate-related events and providing environmental stewardship of our
nation's coastal and marine resources. To learn more about NOAA please
visit http://www.noaa.gov. The new reports are available at
http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov and through CoRIS.  Digital map products
are
available on CD-ROM and at http://biogeo.nos.noaa.gov.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Pelagic Fishery Biologist, American Samoa
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 14:23:36 -0400
From: "Emmanuel COUTURES" <manu@blueskynet.as>
To: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>

Application Deadline: October 11, 2002

General Description

The Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR) is recruiting a
pelagic fisheries biologist to give oversight on all aspects of the
American
Samoan Pelagic Fishery. The successful applicant will manage existing
projects and initiate new research on Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs)
and
recreational & subsistence fisheries.

Main Responsibilities:

 Pelagic Data Management.
 Pelagic Research.
 FAD Research.
 Baseline studies of Recreational and Subsistence fishery.
 Supervise staff.
 Write proposals, progress reports and a final report analyzing data,
formulating recommendations for further management.
 Represent DMWR at national, regional and international technical
meetings
where appropriate.
 Perform other duties as assigned by the Chief Biologist.

Minimum Qualifications

 MSc. from accredited institution(s) with a major in Fisheries Science
and/or Management, Marine Biology, Marine Resource Science/Management.
 Experience of 2 or more years working in tropical pelagic fisheries
with a
good understanding of commercial operations.
 Demonstrated competency at statistical analyses techniques.
 Computer and data base management.
 Good communication and writing skills are essential.
 Driving license
 Seagoing experience an advantage

Salary

Starting at $28,000 p.a. Two-year contract, renewable by mutual consent.
Travel expenses and shipment of effects.  Annual and sick leave
accumulate
at 8 hours and 4 hours respectively every 2-week pay period.  Subsidized
housing (80% subsidy) on rental of a government house.  Subsidized
medical
care.

Application

Mail, fax or email c.v., publication list and contact details for 3
references and a covering letter addressing the qualifications and
responsibilities indicated above to:

Ray Tulafono, Director
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources
P.O. Box 3730
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
USA

Fax: (684) 633-5944

Email applications may be routed via Emmanuel COUTURES at:
manu@blueskynet.as

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Caribbean bleaching 1982/83 vs. 1987
Date: Sun, 29 Sep 2002 23:07:51 -0400
From: "Billy Causey" <Billy.Causey@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA FKNMS
To: John McWilliams <john_mcwilliams@hotmail.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

John,
The coral reefs in the lower Florida Keys did bleach in 1983 from Looe Key
Reef to Western Dry Rocks off Key West which is a distance of about 25
miles.
(check out the map on the FKNMS web site listed below).  Only the outer,
shallow bank reefs bleached that year.  It wasn't until years later that I
learned from Dr. Peter Glynn that the corals had bleached on the Pacific
side
of Panama during the same time frame.  I did not receive reports of coral
bleaching from other areas that year.

This was the first time we had observed wide scale coral bleaching in the
Florida Keys.  Scattered, patchy bleaching had been observed in the 1970's
due to cold water events and some bleaching during warm water events
associated with doldrum-weather patterns in June and July 1980 had been
previously observed.

Hope this helps some.  Billy Causey

I have written this historical perspective in the following paper:

Causey, B.D. (2001).  Lessons Learned from the Intensification of Coral
Bleaching from 1980-2000 in the Florida Keys, USA.  Edited by Salm, R.V. and
S.L. Coles.  Proceedings of the Workshop on Mitigating Coral Bleaching
Impact
Through MPA Design. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI. May 29-31, 2001.

John McWilliams wrote:

> Dear coral list
> Can anyone tell me (or suggest a reference) why the first major coral
> bleaching event in the Caribbean was in 1987, whereas the 1982/83 ENSO was
> stronger? Several references state that the 1982/83 episode as being the
> second strongest in the 20th century, after 1997/98.
>
> Thanks,
>
> John McWilliams
> School of Biological Sciences
> University of East Anglia
> Norwich
> UK
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Send and receive Hotmail on your mobile device: http://mobile.msn.com
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

--
Billy D. Causey, Superintendent
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
PO Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
(305) 743-2437 phone
(305) 743-2357 Fax
billy.causey@noaa.gov
http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Coral Reef question: size doesn't matter.
Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 09:08:07 +0500
From: Michel Claereboudt <michelc@squ.edu.om>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

In Eastern Oman, a reef at Bar al-Hikman is some 15km long and consisted
almost exclusively of a single species of Montipora. No genetic work has
been done there, however, it is not impossible that, because of the tendency
of Montipora to fragment easily, a significant portion of that reef shares
the same genetic makeup, hence possibly a very large and very old colony!

--
Michel Claereboudt
Sultan Qaboos University
College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences (BOX 34)
Dpt. Marine Science and Fisheries
Al-Khod 123
Sultanate of Oman
Tel (968) 515 249
Fax (968) 513 418

Email; michelc@squ.edu.om

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: notable quote
Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 12:25:09 -0700 (PDT)
From: Paula Morgan <thompaula_2000@yahoo.com>
To: Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>,
     CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>, Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>

Greetings Coral List:

My students are and I are looking for the exact quote (and its author) of a
statement paraphrased below:

"Never underestimate the impact of a small group of committed citizens to
change an outcome."

Does this sound famliar to anyone? Please help if you know.

Paula Morgan, The Planet Ocean Ranger Project

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
New DSL Internet Access from SBC & Yahoo!

Subject: Re: notable quote
Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 15:55:13 EDT
From: SMHoke@aol.com
To: thompaula_2000@yahoo.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: hokes@nova.edu

Hello:

      If I am not mistaken, it was Margaret Mead who once said:

 "Never doubt that a small group of committed people can change the world;
                indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
                      --Margaret Mead, anthropologist



Best Regards,
S. Michael Hoke
Graduate Student
NSU Oceanographic Ctr.
hokes@nova.edu

Subject: Re: notable quote
Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 13:02:59 -0700
From: Tracy Grogan <tgrogan@cisco.com>
To: Paula Morgan <thompaula_2000@yahoo.com>
CC: Roger B Griffis <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>,
     CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>, Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>

Attributed to Margaret Mead, but not part of her writings:

Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change
the world; indeed, it's the only thing that ever has.

Tracy Grogan
Marketing Program Manager
Customer Advocacy
Cisco Systems, Inc.
phone:408-526-4396
fax:408:527.0735
email:tgrogan@cisco.com

~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject:
Date: Tue, 01 Oct 2002 08:19:21 -0400
From: Alexander Stone <a_stone@reefkeeper.org>

******************************************
*        R E E F  D I S P A T C H        *
*             October, 2002              *
* _____________________________________  *
*     WILL YELLOWFIN GROUPERS SURVIVE    *
*       IN THE U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS?      *
*                                        *
******************************************

A Periodic Inside Look at a Coral Reef Issue from
Alexander Stone, ReefGuardian International Director
__________________________________________________

Dear Friend of Reef Fish:

A yellowfin grouper spawning aggregation in the U.S. Virgin Islands is
in danger.  It is at risk of being fished to extinction -- as has
happened to many other spawning aggregations throughout the Caribbean.
I am writing to ask your help in preventing this avoidable tragedy by
signing onto ReefGuardian International's Save America's Groupers
petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html.

Each year, from February to May, large numbers of yellowfin grouper
migrate to a small area of the Grammanic Bank in the U.S. Virgin Islands
to reproduce. This is a critical event, as it is the only time that
these grouper spawn.  Unfortunately for the groupers and us, having such
large numbers of fish packed together in such a small area makes them an
easy target that lures fishers from far and wide.  If spawning yellowfin
groupers continue to be killed this way while they're trying to
reproduce, the future of the species in the U.S. Virgin Islands may be
jeopardized.

Once a spawning aggregation is fished out, it most likely will not
recover. It is gone forever.  That is why we have to make sure that this
does NOT happen to the Grammanic Bank yellowfin grouper aggregation.
Without protection, mounting fishing pressure could endanger the fate of
the yellowfin grouper in the Virgin Islands.  But you can help save this
yellowfin grouper spawning aggregation by simply signing on to
ReefGuardian International's Save America's Groupers petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html.

ReefGuardian International has formally requested that the U.S.
Caribbean Fishery Management Council close this spawning aggregation to
fishing during the yellowfin grouper's entire February-through-May
spawning season.  This will allow yellowfin groupers to spawn and
prevent the untimely loss of sexually mature fish.

Our request for full spawning season protection of the Grammanic Bank
yellowfin grouper aggregation will be considered by the Council in
December.  ReefGuardian Conservation Associates are working hard to
convince voting Council members to implement this full protection.  But
this is not enough.  The decision-makers also need to hear from you.

If you believe, as we do, that there can be NO EXCUSE for destroying any
grouper spawning aggregation, let these federal regulators know by
signing on to ReefGuardian International's Save Our Groupers petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html.

We'll submit your petition to the U.S. Caribbean Fishery Management
Council and keep the pressure on to win full spawning season protection
for the Grammanic Bank yellowfin grouper aggregation.  But please sign
on to the petition now -- while Grammanic Bank's groupers still have a
fighting chance.

Thanks for caring,

Alexander Stone
Executive Director
ReefGuardian International
***************************
http://www.reefguardian.org
***************************
For more information on yellowfin groupers and all of America's
groupers, go to:
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/MoreInfoGRP.html



~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: RE: coral-list-daily V2 #495
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2002 10:27:19 -0400
From: Melissa Salmon <msalmon@riverbanks.org>
To: "'coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>

The quote is from a wonderful feminist that lead the fight for access to
birth control for women.

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change
the world.  Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has."  - Margaret Mead

It is one of my favorites!

-Melissa Salmon
Riverbanks Zoological Park - Aquarium
Columbia, South Carolina, USA

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov]
Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 1:05 AM
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral-list-daily V2 #495

coral-list-daily       Tuesday, October 1 2002       Volume 02 : Number 495

notable quote
Re: notable quote
Re: notable quote

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 12:25:09 -0700 (PDT)
From: Paula Morgan <thompaula_2000@yahoo.com>
Subject: notable quote

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Greetings Coral List:

My students are and I are looking for the exact quote (and its author) of a
statement paraphrased below:

"Never underestimate the impact of a small group of committed citizens to
change an outcome."

Does this sound famliar to anyone? Please help if you know.

Paula Morgan, The Planet Ocean Ranger Project

- ---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
New DSL Internet Access from SBC & Yahoo!
- --0-672232641-1033413909=:18093
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<P>Greetings Coral List:</P>
<P>My students are and I are looking for the exact quote (and its author) of
a statement paraphrased below:</P>
<P>"Never underestimate the&nbsp;impact of a small group of committed
citizens to change an outcome."</P>
<P>Does this sound famliar to anyone? Please help if you know.</P>
<P>Paula Morgan, The Planet Ocean Ranger Project</P><p><br><hr size=1>Do you
Yahoo!?<br>
New <a href="http://rd.yahoo.com/evt=1207/*http://sbc.yahoo.com/">DSL
Internet Access</a> from SBC & Yahoo!</a>
- --0-672232641-1033413909=:18093--
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 15:55:13 EDT
From: SMHoke@aol.com
Subject: Re: notable quote

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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hello:

       If I am not mistaken, it was Margaret Mead who once said:

"Never doubt that a small group of committed people can change the world;
indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
- --Margaret Mead, anthropologist




Best Regards,
S. Michael Hoke
Graduate Student
NSU Oceanographic Ctr.
hokes@nova.edu

- --part1_157.15033905.2aca0621_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"
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<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=3>
<BR>Hello:
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If I am not mistaken, it was
Margaret Mead who once said:
<BR>
<BR><P ALIGN=CENTER><I>"</I>Never doubt that a small group of committed
people can change the world;
<BR>indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."<I>
<BR>--Margaret Mead, anthropologist
<BR>
<BR><P ALIGN=LEFT> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<BR><P ALIGN=CENTER></I>
<BR><P ALIGN=LEFT>
<BR>Best Regards,
<BR>S. Michael Hoke
<BR>Graduate Student
<BR>NSU Oceanographic Ctr.
<BR>hokes@nova.edu</P></P></P></P></FONT></HTML>

- --part1_157.15033905.2aca0621_boundary--
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 13:02:59 -0700
From: Tracy Grogan <tgrogan@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: notable quote

<html>
Attributed to Margaret Mead, but not part of her writings:<br>
<br>
<font face="Times, Times" size=4>Never doubt that a small group of
thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the
only thing that ever has.<br>
</font><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div>Tracy Grogan</div>
<div>Marketing Program Manager</div>
<div>Customer Advocacy</div>
<div>Cisco Systems, Inc.</div>
<div>phone:408-526-4396</div>
<div>fax:408:527.0735</div>
<div>email:tgrogan@cisco.com</div>
<br>
<br>
</html>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------------------------------

End of coral-list-daily V2 #495
*******************************

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
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Subject: RE: coral-list-daily V2 #495
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2002 11:09:21 -0400
From: "Nancy Klingener" <nklingener@bellsouth.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I think you're mixing up Margaret Mead (anthropologist, author of Coming Of
Age In Samoa) and Margaret Sanger (birth control advocate). Both pioneering
women in their fields for sure.

Nancy Klingener

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Melissa Salmon
Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 10:27 AM
To: 'coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov'
Subject: RE: coral-list-daily V2 #495

The quote is from a wonderful feminist that lead the fight for access to
birth control for women.

"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful committed citizens can change
the world.  Indeed, it's the only thing that ever has."  - Margaret Mead

It is one of my favorites!

-Melissa Salmon
Riverbanks Zoological Park - Aquarium
Columbia, South Carolina, USA

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov]
Sent: Tuesday, October 01, 2002 1:05 AM
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral-list-daily V2 #495

coral-list-daily       Tuesday, October 1 2002       Volume 02 : Number 495

notable quote
Re: notable quote
Re: notable quote

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 12:25:09 -0700 (PDT)
From: Paula Morgan <thompaula_2000@yahoo.com>
Subject: notable quote

- --0-672232641-1033413909=:18093
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

Greetings Coral List:

My students are and I are looking for the exact quote (and its author) of a
statement paraphrased below:

"Never underestimate the impact of a small group of committed citizens to
change an outcome."

Does this sound famliar to anyone? Please help if you know.

Paula Morgan, The Planet Ocean Ranger Project

- ---------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
New DSL Internet Access from SBC & Yahoo!
- --0-672232641-1033413909=:18093
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii

<P>Greetings Coral List:</P>
<P>My students are and I are looking for the exact quote (and its author) of
a statement paraphrased below:</P>
<P>"Never underestimate the&nbsp;impact of a small group of committed
citizens to change an outcome."</P>
<P>Does this sound famliar to anyone? Please help if you know.</P>
<P>Paula Morgan, The Planet Ocean Ranger Project</P><p><br><hr size=1>Do you
Yahoo!?<br>
New <a href="http://rd.yahoo.com/evt=1207/*http://sbc.yahoo.com/">DSL
Internet Access</a> from SBC & Yahoo!</a>
- --0-672232641-1033413909=:18093--
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 15:55:13 EDT
From: SMHoke@aol.com
Subject: Re: notable quote

- --part1_157.15033905.2aca0621_boundary
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hello:

       If I am not mistaken, it was Margaret Mead who once said:

"Never doubt that a small group of committed people can change the world;
indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
- --Margaret Mead, anthropologist

Best Regards,
S. Michael Hoke
Graduate Student
NSU Oceanographic Ctr.
hokes@nova.edu

- --part1_157.15033905.2aca0621_boundary
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<HTML><FONT FACE=arial,helvetica><FONT  SIZE=3>
<BR>Hello:
<BR>
<BR> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If I am not mistaken, it was
Margaret Mead who once said:
<BR>
<BR><P ALIGN=CENTER><I>"</I>Never doubt that a small group of committed
people can change the world;
<BR>indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."<I>
<BR>--Margaret Mead, anthropologist
<BR>
<BR><P ALIGN=LEFT> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<BR><P ALIGN=CENTER></I>
<BR><P ALIGN=LEFT>
<BR>Best Regards,
<BR>S. Michael Hoke
<BR>Graduate Student
<BR>NSU Oceanographic Ctr.
<BR>hokes@nova.edu</P></P></P></P></FONT></HTML>

- --part1_157.15033905.2aca0621_boundary--
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 30 Sep 2002 13:02:59 -0700
From: Tracy Grogan <tgrogan@cisco.com>
Subject: Re: notable quote

<html>
Attributed to Margaret Mead, but not part of her writings:<br>
<br>
<font face="Times, Times" size=4>Never doubt that a small group of
thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, it's the
only thing that ever has.<br>
</font><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<div>Tracy Grogan</div>
<div>Marketing Program Manager</div>
<div>Customer Advocacy</div>
<div>Cisco Systems, Inc.</div>
<div>phone:408-526-4396</div>
<div>fax:408:527.0735</div>
<div>email:tgrogan@cisco.com</div>
<br>
<br>
</html>

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------------------------------

End of coral-list-daily V2 #495
*******************************

~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~
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~~~~~~~
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Subject: View the latest edition of The Transect Line, Reef Check's Newsletter!
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 2002 14:17:21 -0700
From: "Reef Check Headquarters" <rcheck@ucla.edu>
To: <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>

Please take the time to stop by and view the latest issue of The Transect
Line, News from the Reef Check Global Network, at http://www.reefcheck.org.
This new issue features:

Reef Check Teams in Action
- Mexico
- South Africa
- Florida

Spotlight on Reef Check Site  - Egypt

Trainings, Workshops, and Meetings
- WSSD
- ISRS
- National Academy of Science
- Coral Reef Task Force
- CWWA/CEF Conference
- CEA Members Day
- DEMA
- Caribbean Coral Reef Conference
- Itmems II

Reef Check Champions - UN Awards

Methods Check - Rock vs. Dead Coral

Other Reef Check News
- RC Philippines receives grant
- RC training video update
- Ocean Nomads
- Reef Check at Jean-Michel Cousteau Resort
- Join Reef Check
- Send us your updates

Coral Reefs  in the News
- Coastal Sprawl
- AMCA

Happy Reading,

Kelly McGee
Editor
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Outreach Coordinator
Reef Check Headquarters
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall, Box 951496
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA
1-310-794-4985 (phone)
1-310-825-0758 (fax)
rcheck2@ucla.edu
www.reefcheck.org
Starfish are falling stars
who have landed in the sea

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Conservation of marine inverts
Date: Wed, 02 Oct 2002 17:23:13 +1000
From: Pat Hutchings <path@austmus.gov.au>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Recently an extensive review of the Conservation Status of marine
invertebrates in Australia's EEZ has been undertaken by Ponder et al-
for Environment Australia- and it is now on the Australian Museum web
site- it has an extensive coral reef section- as well as a large
bibliography-

Cheers- by the way it is 600pp. and will also go on as a pdf file
shortly

--
Dr Pat Hutchings
Principal Research Scientist
Marine Invertebrates
Australian Museum
6 College Street
Sydney 2010 Australia

PH:     61-2-9320 6243
FAX:    61-2-9320 6042
path@austmus.gov.au
Visit the Australian Museum on-line at http://www.austmus.gov.au
Just released the Catalogue of Australian Polychaetes- an update of Day
and Hutchings (1979). You can find it at
http://www.environment.gov.au/abrs/abif-fauna/volswww.htm.
Polychaete & Allies, Fauna of Australia Vol 4a- 2000-for sales see
sales@publish.csiro.au

    ---------------------------------------------------------------------

  Dr Pat Hutchings <path@austmus.gov.au>
  Dr
  The Australian Museum
  Marine Invertebrates

  Dr Pat Hutchings
  Dr                     <path@austmus.gov.au>
  The Australian Museum
  Marine Invertebrates
  6, College Street      Fax: 61 (0)2 9320 6042
  Sydney                 Work: 61 (0)2 9320 6243
  NSW
  2010
  Australia
  Additional Information:
  Last Name   Hutchings
  First Name  Dr Pat
  Version     2.1

                               Name: InterScan_Disclaimer.txt
   InterScan_Disclaimer.txt    Type: Plain Text (text/plain)
                           Encoding: 7bit

Subject: estimation of atoll formation
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 2002 16:23:13 +0300
From: Michal RARD <Michael.Rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi all coral-listers,

I'm searching any informations about the necessary time (millions of years
?) for corals to build an atoll structure.

Many thanks for any informations.
Best regards
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm

Subject: Another Margaret Mead quote
Date: Wed, 02 Oct 2002 07:41:48 -0700
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@oshadavidson.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

At the risk of starting a "Margaret Mead Quote-athon" (perhaps not so bad
an idea), I did want to post another relevant Mead quote -- and my personal
favorite:

"I truly believe that we in this generation must come to terms with nature,
and I think we're challenged as mankind has never been challenged before to
prove our maturity and our mastery, not of nature, but of ourselves." --
"CBS Reports: The Silent Spring of Rachel Carson," March 1963.

The passing of nearly two generations since her observation, and the
environmental decline during the intervening years, has made it all the
more imperative that we heed her advice, IMHO.
Cheers,
Osha

At 10:05 PM 10/1/2002, you wrote:
>Hello:
>
>        If I am not mistaken, it was Margaret Mead who once said:
>
>"Never doubt that a small group of committed people can change the world;
>indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
>- - --Margaret Mead, anthropologist

================================
Osha Gray Davidson          Home page: www.OshaDavidson.com
301 E. Maryland Ave         Phone: (602) 263-5582
Phoenix, AZ 85012           E-Mail: osha@oshadavidson.com
USA

www.turtlehousefoundation.org

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Subject: Oops!
Date: Wed, 02 Oct 2002 14:10:47 -0700
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@oshadavidson.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

In an earlier posting, I incorrectly attributed the quote below to Margaret
Mead when it should be, of course, attributed to Rachel Carson. Apologies
for the mix-up!
Osha

"I truly believe that we in this generation must come to terms with nature,
and I think we're challenged as mankind has never been challenged before to
prove our maturity and our mastery, not of nature, but of ourselves." --
"CBS Reports: The Silent Spring of Rachel Carson," March 1963.

================================
Osha Gray Davidson          Home page: www.OshaDavidson.com
301 E. Maryland Ave         Phone: (602) 263-5582
Phoenix, AZ 85012           E-Mail: osha@oshadavidson.com
USA

www.turtlehousefoundation.org

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Subject: Kenyan Coral Disease Update - First Fungus
Date: Thu, 03 Oct 2002 13:22:40 +0800
From: crcp <crcp@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Listers

I reported a coral disease or syndrome in Kenya in late February of this
year.  As an update Willie Wilson <whw@mba.ac.uk> has made nice electron
microscope images of the infected and normal tissue which you can see at
different magnifications at

http://www.k.p.ryan.btinternet.co.uk/Joanne

The images suggest a fungus, which I believe is the first record of a fungus
infecting hard corals. You are welcome to send us comments, but we would
like to ask those listers that have experience in identifying fungi to take
a look and send us any information that might help us to identifying this
fungus.  Can one tell if this primarily a marine or terrestrial fungus? etc.

The disease disappeared with the changing monsoon in April so we can not get
more samples or undertake experiments until it returns.

Thanks

Tim McClanahan, PhD
The Wildlife Conservation Society
Coral Reef Conservation Project
Kibaki Flats #12
Bamburi, Kenyatta Beach
P.O. Box 99470
Mombasa, Kenya
Tel: 254 11 485570, 486549
Fax: 254 11 475157
web site: www.wcs.org/marine

and

---------------------------------
Dr Willie Wilson
Marine Biological Association
Citadel Hill
Plymouth, PL1 2PB
UK
Tel: +44 1752 633356
Fax: +44 1752 633102
email: whw@mba.ac.uk
---------------------------------

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Subject: Virus stuff, again
Date: Fri, 04 Oct 2002 05:19:52 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Ladies & Gents,

    Apparently, a virus has spread through some users of coral-list.
However, let me assure you that coral-list was not the mechanism for
spreading this virus.  It appears that some coral-list subscribers had
the virus and their email address book was used as the lookup table for
the virus for the spreading of the virus to their personal
correspondents.  Unfortunately, you/we as contributors to coral-list may
be in some of the address books where the virus has landed.

    Having said that, I still can't guarantee that at some time in the
future coral-list won't be a vector for a virus.  Please keep your
computers up-to-date with the latest, appropriate virus detection
sofware.  This protects you as well as the rest of us.

    Finally, let me say that behind the scenes, I intercept junk-mail
and viruses sent to coral-list nearly every day, so at least we've got
some level of protection.  One thing that helps me is in keeping
messages down to 30K in size (by configuration of the listsever, not
through moderation of the list), because most viruses are larger than
this.  SO, please remember not to attach large documents or pictures in
your postings to coral-list; I'll just have to through them back at
you..  Better to post a URL to those items in a message to the list.

    Y'all have a good time now, y'hear?

    Cheers,
    Jim
    coral-list administrator

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Subject: Management papers at ICRS meetings
Date: Fri, 4 Oct 2002 11:28:46 -0500
From: "Dr. Carl R. Beaver" <cbeaver@falcon.tamucc.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Greetings All;
    I seem to recall a note recently posted to the Coral-list describing
the increase in "Reef Management" papers presented at past ICRS meetings.
I've searched recent postings but have found nothing.  Does anyone recall
this information or whom might have posted it?

Carl Beaver Ph.D.
Harte Research Institute
for Gulf of Mexico Studies
NRC 2300, 6300 Ocean Dr.
Corpus Christi, Texas  78412
Ph. 361-825-5795  Fx. 361-825-2770
E-mail: cbeaver@falcon.tamucc.edu

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Subject: Coral Bleaching in the NW Hawaiian Islands
Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 08:31:14 -0400
From: "Gang Liu" <Gang.Liu@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA NESDIS/ORA
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

We have learned that coral bleaching was observed the NW Hawaiian
Islands from a sustained period of hot water and calm winds!

Based on NOAA satellite monitoring, the furthest reaches of the NW
Hawaiian Islands, including Midway Atoll, experienced rather
significantly high SSTs from early August through early September this
year. Sea surface temperature at Midway reached up to 28.9 deg C in
August, which is 1 deg C above our bleaching threshold of 27.9 deg C:
http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/sub/sst_series_midway_cur.html
Only twice before, in our records, have we seen these extreme levels
during the summer, 1987 and 1988 - but those events occurred in
late-August (not so early in the season)!

Our DHW charts show an accumulation of 9.6 DHWs at Midway Atoll over the

summer season:
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/data2/dhwp.10.4.2002.gif

In early August, we (NOAA Coral Reef Watch) sent out an early warning
based on NOAA satellite coral bleaching HotSpot products to the
coral-list for potential bleaching in the area.

Anyone with in-situ observations please advise us/and or ReefBase in
details:
http://www.reefbase.org/input/bleachingreport/index.asp

NOAA Coral Reef Watch

--
============================
 Gang Liu, Ph.D.
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA E/RA3
 NOAA Science Center, Rm 711
 5200 Auth Road
 Camp Springs, MD 20746

 Tel: 301-763-8176 ext 30
 Fax: 301-763-8108
 Email: Gang.Liu@noaa.gov
============================

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Subject: Virus fix?
Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 11:49:39 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral-Listers,

PLEASE do not hold me accountable for this, but this little application
may be of help to those of you who suspect you may have a virus:

    http://vil.nai.com/vil/stinger/

CONSIDER using it even if you don't think you have a virus.  I offer no
guarantees and can not and will not advise you on how to use it, but I
can tell you this:  it is pretty simple.  READ the entire page before
you attempt to use the application.  Once again, please don't ask me how
it works, etc.; I'm only offering this information to those out there
who are totally clueless about virus protection and also may be
unwittingly helping to spread this virus everywhere.

    cheers,
    Jim

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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: [Fwd: Re: Virus stuff, again]
Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 13:09:56 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

The following may be of help:

-------- Original Message --------
     Subject: Re: Virus stuff, again
        Date: Mon, 07 Oct 2002 10:14:18 -0600
        From: "Mark Eakin" <Mark.Eakin@noaa.gov>
    Reply-To: mark.eakin@noaa.gov
Organization: NOAA/NGDC Paleoclimatology
          To: Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
  References: <3D9D5D38.7035030@noaa.gov>

Jim,

I've gotten a half dozen more of these over the weekend.  Perhaps you
could post the information on the virus itself so that people have a
better chance of eliminating it.

Virus name: W32/Bugbear@MM
Information about this virus may be found here, or you can search for it
at http://vil.nai.com/VIL/default.asp.

Have fun!
Mark

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Subject: Trouble in submisssion forms,10ICRS site
Date: Mon, 7 Oct 2002 09:17:39 -0800
From: Hajime Kayanne <kayanne@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-list,

The submission forms for pre-registration and mini-symposium proposal in
the
10th International Coral Reef Symposium web site had not been worked
when I
announced it in this list.

Now it is working. And we, Organizing Committee of 10ICRS, wait for your
submission.

I apologize for this inconvenience and wish you to visit the site again
http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2
and to join the symposium also!

Hajime Kayanne
Secretariat General

--------------------
Hajime Kayanne
(Fieldwork in Seychelles, Kenya and Egypt
 from 29 September to 19 October: now at Kenya)
Department of Earth & Planetary Science
University of Tokyo
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Subject: listserver was down
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 11:16:36 -0400
From: coral-list admin <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers,

  Unfortunately, the mail servers here at NOAA/AOML were down for most of
yesterday, hence some coral-list mail may have gotten lost in the shuffle.
We are stil working on sorting things out.  If you posted something but it
still hasn't shown up, please try again later today; or, if it is urgent,
send it directly to me at jim.hendee@noaa.gov.

  Sorry for the inconvenience...

        Cheers,
        jim

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Subject: Position Available
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 11:48:37 -0400
From: "Simon Harding" <sph@coralcay.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear list members,

Position available: Director - Science Department for Coral Cay
Conservation
(CCC) Ltd.

Coral Cay Conservation Ltd. is an award winning not-for-profit NGO that
currently runs terrestrial and marine conservation projects in Fiji,
Honduras and The Philippines. We are seeking an experienced postgraduate
(with PhD preferred) to manage the CCC Science Department. The successful
applicant will have a background in management and research of both marine
and terrestrial science based projects, with proven experience of over 12
months fieldwork. The position is at director level, thus a considerable
amount of management experience will be needed. Terms of Reference are
attached.

Applications: Letter/ CV (email only) to: Mr. Peter Raines, Managing
Director, Coral Cay Conservation psr@coralcay.org, /www.coralcay.org/

Work is London-based with international travel.

Closing date for applications is October 30th 2002.

More information is provided below.

Thank you.

Simon Harding  Ph.D.
Marine Science Co-ordinator
--
Coral Cay Conservation,
13th Floor,
The Tower,
125 High Street,
Colliers Wood,
London,
SW19 2JG,
UK.

Direct dial: +44-(0)20-8545-7721
General switchboard: +44 (0)870-750-0668
Fax: +44 (0)870-750-0667
www.coralcay.org

"Providing resources to help sustain livelihoods and alleviate poverty
through the protection, restoration and management of coral reefs and
tropical forests."

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
TERMS OF REFERENCE

Director of Science

QUANTITATIVE INFORMATION

Position:               Director of Science
Line Manager:           Managing Director
Department:             Science
Principal place of work:                CCC Head Office (London SW19),
with international travel
Salary:         17,000-20,000 (dependent upon qualifications/experience)
Closing date for applications:  30 October 2002 (re-advertisement of post)

SUMMARY OF POSITION

The Director of Science is a full member of the Board of Directors of
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd (CCC) with senior management responsibility for
the CCC Science Department. Key areas of responsibility include: Project
development, planning, finance, personnel recruitment and management, and
logistics and coordination of scientific programmes run by CCC. The
Director of Science will ensure that the aims and objectives of the
scientific components of CCC projects are achieved safely, efficiently and
within agreed policies, budgets and schedules.

DECISION MAKING AUTHORITY

 Improving efficiency and effectiveness of the scientific objectives of
CCC expeditions within agreed guidelines and budgets.
 Line-management of Science Department staff and expedition field
scientists.
 Recruitment, selection and training of expedition science staff.
 Direct reporting to the Board of Directors.

PRINCIPAL RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Departmental Review
 Review, evaluate and advise upon current operational policies within the
Science Department.
 Review and evaluation of current Science Department staff and
facilities.
 Periodic review the relationship between the Science Department and the
rest of CCC.
 Develop a consultancy group within the Science Department.
 Develop scientifically recognized postgraduate course structure within
CCC projects.
 Establish departmental GIS and remote sensing capability.

2. Departmental Management
 Facilitate good communication within the Science Department, and with
other CCC departments, ensuring that line management is made aware of the
needs of the science department in terms of time/equipment/personnel
resources.
 Assist in the development of new CCC projects.
 Ensure timely delivery of scientific outputs.
 Establish and maintain collaborations with third party scientific
institutions and persons.
 Organise conferencing and paper writing outputs with the rest of the
department.

3. Funding
 Establish a database of potential sources of funding and prepare funding
applications.
 Seek full financial independence of the science department within 18
months from the date of appointment.

4. Staff Recruitment, Selection and Training
 Review and evaluate current and future staffing level requirements.
 Co-ordination and development of staff selection procedures.
 Pre-departure staff administration and briefing.
 Maintenance of staff records.
 Oversee the development of training materials for staff and volunteers.
 Assist with volunteer recruitment strategies.

5. Data analysis and report writing
 Write and partake in development of key scientific outputs of the
department including:
 Scientific peer reviewed papers;
 Educational materials;
 Posters and other publicity information (e.g. newsletters);
 Maintenance and update of web-based science outputs;
 Analysis of data from CCC field projects and consultancy contracts.

6. Internal co-ordination, liaison and day to day office tasks
 Dissemination of relevant information to other departments regarding the
planning and management of projects.
 General enquiries and departmental administration as part of the day to
day running of the department will be required.
 Recruitment, coordination and supervision of departmental interns and
work placement students.
 Answering scientific correspondence
 Coordinating undergraduate and postgraduate theses produced in
collaboration with CCC.

7. Company Director Responsibilities
The Director of Science will be appointed a full director of CCC, with the
full statutory responsibilities of a company director.

REQUIREMENTS - ESSENTIAL

 Proven ability to produce good written and presentation materials.
 Competent in time and risk management.
 Proven practical leadership ability.
 Excellent written and oral communication skills.
 Excellent administrative/organisational skills with a methodical
approach to work.
 Proven ability to effectively network and collaborate with other
colleagues and institutions within a similar field.
 Computer literate - competent in word processing, spreadsheet use and
database management.
 Ability to undertake analysis of large environmental data sets. Working
knowledge of univariate and multivariate techniques and packages (eg.
SPSS, PRIMER, MINITAB).
 Experience of GIS and remote sensing.
 Considerable knowledge of international scientific environment and
development issues.
 Understanding of up to date tropical coral reef and rainforest research
and management issues and community based conservation programmes.
 Minimum three years experience in management of projects in the
development/science sector with extensive (24 months) tropical fieldwork
experience.
 12 months experience of personnel management within a field relevant to
the post.
 Hold a completed Msc (minimum)/PhD (preferred) in relevant academic
field.
 A proven track record of successful grant applications.
 Experience in the production of scientific reports, papers, and
environmental management plans/EIA.

REQUIREMENTS - DESIRABLE

 Advanced scuba-diving qualification.
 Mountain leadership qualifications (e.g. MLTB Summer Mountain Leader
Award).
 Other relevant outdoor qualifications (e.g. First Aid; VHF radio).
 Human resources management.
 Financial planning, management and accounting.
 Ability to write business plans.
 Full, clean drivers license
 Involvement in a development and/or environmental project as a leader or
project manager.
 Management of scuba diving and/or mountain trekking activities.
 Database design.
 Qualifications and/or experience in Business Management.

APPLICATIONS

Please send CV (with two referees) and covering letter BY EMAIL ONLY to:

Peter Raines
Managing Director
Email: psr@coralcay.org

END

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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: test of coral-list, please ignore
Date: Wed, 9 Oct 2002 21:21:54 -0400
From: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

test of new coral-list alias config...please ignore...

  coral-list admin

...
Daly, R.A. 1910. Pleistocene glaciation and the coral reef problem.  Amer.
Jour. Sci. 30(4): 297-308.

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Job Advert
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 09:20:07 +0300
From: Sue Wells <SMW@iucnearo.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

>
> PLEASE DO NOT SEND APPLICATIONS TO ME - NOTE THE CORRECT PROCEDURE AT THE
> END OF THE ADVERT.  THANKS.
>
> IUCN - The World Conservation Union has a worldwide membership of states,
> government agencies and NGOs, which together with its Commission and
> Secretariat, work towards the conservation and wise use of natural
> resources.  In Eastern Africa, the Union implements a regional programme
> of conservation with members and partners through the Eastern Africa
> Regional Office based in Nairobi, Kenya.  The region comprises East
> Africa, the Horn of Africa as well as Seychelles and Comores.
>
> The Eastern Africa Regional Office of IUCN takes responsibility for the
> implementation of the regional component of an integrated global
> programme, based on key ecosystems and including cross cutting areas of
> social aspects, biodiversity economics, environmental planning, convention
> support and invasive species.
>
> IUCN EARO has a senior technical vacancy for a Regional Programme
> Coordinator for the Marine and Costal Ecosystems thematic area.
> Key areas of responsibility will include:
> 1.    Technical input through project development and design and proposal
> writing and fundraising; guidance and support to existing conservation
> projects; promotion and facilitation of resource conservation and
> management activities, in conjunction with implementing partners and/or
> member organizations.
> 2.    Networking and communication with local and national governments,
> intergovernmental organizations and partner agencies as a representative
> of IUCN.
> 3.    Management responsibilities through quarterly and annual workplans,
> monitoring and evaluation, capacity building and mentoring of secretariat
> and project staff.
> 4.    Integration of social concerns, gender issues, invasive species and
> biodiversity economics in marine and coastal situations and with
> integration with the regional and the global programmes of IUCN.
>
> The successful candidate will have:
> -     A second degree in Marine Biology/Integrated Coastal Zone
> Management/Ecosystem Management with emphasis on the marine environment. A
> third degree would be preferable.
> -     Not less than 7 years practical experience in planning and
> development of projects and programmes in marine/coastal biodiversity
> conservation/management, marine protected areas and/or integrated coastal
> management; experience in the Eastern Africa region and other
> international experience being an added advantage
> -     Demonstrated skills in programme and project development and
> implementation, communication, and leadership
> -     Demonstrated skills in a range of development issues and their
> relationship to marine and coastal resource management, especially in the
> East Africa Region
> -     Management experience, excellent interpersonal skills and an ability
> to work with many kinds of institutions at different levels, including
> governments
> -     Ability to work as a member of a team
> -     Fluency in Kiswahili is a distinct advantage
> -     The position is stationed at the IUCN Regional Office in Nairobi and
> requires frequent travel
>
> Applications clearly marked "Marine Coordinator " should be addressed to:
>       The Human Resources Officer
>       IUCN - Eastern Africa Regional Office
>       P. O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya, 00200
> Or by email to: mail@iucnearo.org <mailto:mail@iucnearo.org>, Subject -
> Marine Coordinator
>       No later than October 22nd, 2002.
> Only shortlisted candidates will be contacted. If you do not hear from us
> by November 30th, 2002, consider your application unsuccessful.
>
> IUCN strives to be an equal opportunity employer and
> Qualified men and women are encouraged to apply
>
>
> Sue Wells
> Co-ordinator, Marine and Coastal Programme
> IUCN Eastern African Regional Office
> P.O. Box 68200, Nairobi, Kenya
> Tel. (254) 2 890606; Fax (254) 2 890615
> e-mail: smw@iucnearo.org
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: condolences to Australians and Indonesians
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 10:18:11 -0400
From: Judith Lang/Lynton Land <JandL@rivnet.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear colleagues--especially any who lost lost loved ones in Bali,
Please accept my deep sorrow; we share your grief.
Judy

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Two Masters Assistantships in Marine Biology
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 16:42:01 -0400
From: Danny Gleason <dgleason@gasou.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Two M.S. Assistantships in Marine Biology

Funding is available at Georgia Southern University starting January
2003
to support two Master's students to study benthic invertebrates and
cryptic
fishes of Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. Students will be
expected
to assist in the development of a comprehensive web-based field guide
for
these groups of organisms, but will also be expected to develop a
hypothesis-driven research project based on organisms in the Sanctuary.
Scuba diving certification is required and an ability to pilot boats
offshore and work in rough sea conditions is preferred. Successful
applicants will receive a research assistantship for the spring and
summer
and a teaching assistantship for the fall. Total annual stipend will be
approximately $11,500 with a tuition waiver.

Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary is one of the largest near shore
live-bottom reefs off the coast of Georgia and is a popular recreational
fishing and sport diving destination. It is located 17.5 nautical miles
off
Sapelo Island, Georgia, is in the 60-90' depth range, and encompasses 17
square nautical miles. Gray's Reef contains a complex habitat of caves,
burrows, troughs, and overhangs that house invertebrates, such as
sponges,
barnacles, sea fans, hard coral, sea stars, crabs, lobsters, snails, and
shrimp. This rocky platform also attracts numerous species of fishes,
including black sea bass, snapper, grouper, and mackerel.

Interested students should contact either Alan Harvey (912-681-5784;
aharvey@gasou.edu), Danny Gleason (912-681-5957; dgleason@gasou.edu), or
Steve Vives (912-681-5954; svives@gasou.edu). Information about the
Department of Biology at GSU can be found at
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/

**************************************
Daniel Gleason
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University
P.O. Box 8042
Statesboro, GA  30460-8042

Phone: 912-681-5957
FAX: 912-681-0845
E-mail: dgleason@gasou.edu
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Gleason-home.html
**************************************
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Anemonefish length-weight parameters?
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 2002 16:17:13 -0700
From: Craig Shuman <cshuman@ucla.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral-listers,

Can anybody direct me to literature or provide me with the length-weight
parameters for the following anemonefish:

Amphiprion clarkii
Amphiprion perideraion
Amphiprion frenatus
Premnas biaculeatus

The parameters are not listed in FishBase and I have not been able to find
them in the literature.

Thank you,
Craig Shuman

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Craig Shuman
Environmental Science & Engineering Program
Department of Environmental Health Sciences
Rm 46-081 CHS                                          310-302-1973
Los Angeles, CA   90095-1772                     cshuman@ucla.edu
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>

Subject: Mail of Oliver J.K.
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:23:10 +0300
From: Michal RARD <Michael.Rard@univ-reunion.fr>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all Coral-lister,

Sorry to disturb who are not interested by this mail.

Have anybody the mail or the adresse of Oliver J.K. who has worked in GBR on
the growth of the staghorn coral Acropora formosa in 1979 ?

Many thanks in advance.
Best regards and have a nice day
Michal
--
                          Michal RARD
Laboratoire d'Ecologie Marine, Universit de la Runion
   97715 Saint Denis messag CEDEX 9, France
Tel : (262) 262-93-81-57, Fax : (262) 262-93-86-85
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/mika.dit.kl/html/ContactsMika.htm

Subject: Fwd: Marine ecology position
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 10:03:56 +0200
From: Gert Wrheide@aoml.noaa.gov
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

<gert.woerheide@geo.uni-goettingen.de>
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Hi all,
Bernie Degnan asked to distribute the following job ad to coral list.
cheers
Gert

Begin forwarded message:

> From: Bernie Degnan <bdegnan@zen.uq.edu.au>
> Date: Mo Okt 14, 2002  4:52:10  Uhr Europe/Berlin
> Subject: Marine ecology position
>
> Hello
>
> Attached is an advertisement for a continuing academic appointment
> (i.e. tenure-track position) in marine ecology at The University of
> Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. We are looking for someone with
> experience in either (i) zooplankton/larval ecology, (ii) invertebrate
> dispersal and recruitment processes in coastal and estuarine
> environments or (iii) marine biogeography and molecular ecology.
> Please promulgate this advert as you see fit.
>
> A full position description and selection criteria can be obtained at
> www.jobsatUQ.net or by contacting Mrs Susan Sellar +61 7 3365 7946 or
> s.sellar@mailbox.uq.edu.au.  Further information regarding the
> position and the marine ecology program may be obtained by contacting
> the Head of the School of Life Sciences, Professor Scott O'Neill by
> email soneill@uq.edu.au. Closing date: 29 November 2002.
>
> Cheers
>
> Bernie
>
>
> --
>
> Bernie Degnan
> Department of Zoology & Entomology
> University of Queensland
> Brisbane, Qld 4072
> Australia
>
> Ph   +61 7 3365 2467
> Fax     +61 7 3365 1655

> Lecturer in Marine Ecology
> School of Life Sciences (70%) and Centre for Marine Studies (30%)
> UQ, St Lucia Campus
>  Develop high quality marine biology programs
>  World class aquatic facilities
> The University of Queensland conducts comprehensive research and
> teaching programs in coastal and oceanic ecosystems. Located in
> Brisbane in SE Queensland, University staff have access to pristine
> coral reefs (Great Barrier Reef), sea grass, mangrove and rocky
> shores. The University runs three world-class research stations on
> Heron Island, Stradbroke Island and on Low Isles. The University also
> owns a suite of vessels of various capacities and runs an aquaculture
> facility located a few kilometers from the main University campus.
> The School of Life Sciences and the Centre of Marine Studies are key
> contributors to the Universitys marine research and teaching program
> and together invite applications for a Lectureship in Marine Ecology.
> In the role of Lecturer in Marine Ecology you will be involved in
> undergraduate teaching and postgraduate supervision, and will play an
> active part in the development of programs in marine invertebrate
> biology and ecology. You will be expected to develop a vibrant
> research program in a relevant area, and to develop and maintain links
> with industry. You will also be expected to contribute to the
> administrative and committee processes in the School and Centre.
> Applicants must possess a PhD in the area of marine invertebrate
> ecology and an outstanding research record. Excellent communication
> skills are required together with evidence of tertiary teaching
> ability. Demonstrated success in attracting external research funds is
> essential.
> This is a continuing, full-time appointment at Academic Level B, and
> will be funded 70/30% by the School of Life Sciences and the Centre
> for Marine Studies. The remuneration package will be in the range of
> $64,285 to $76,338 per annum, including employer superannuation
> contributions of 17%.
> Obtain the position description and selection criteria at
> www.jobsatUQ.net or by contacting Mrs Susan Sellar +61 7 3365 7946 or
> s.sellar@mailbox.uq.edu.au
> Further information regarding the position and the marine ecology
> program may be obtained by contacting the Head of the School of Life
> Sciences, Professor Scott ONeill by email soneill@uq.edu.au
> Applications, including a full curriculum vitae, statement addressing
> the selection criteria as well as the contact details of three
> academic referees, should be forwarded to the Human Resource
> Coordinator, Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University
> of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072.
> Closing date for applications: 29 November 2002
> Reference Number: 3006821

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Call for proposals: Coral Reef Conservation Fund
Resent-From: noaa.coral@noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 11:47:57 -0400
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: CMPAN <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>,
     CORAL Announce <CORAL-Announce@lists.coralreefalliance.org>,
     Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Coral Reefs Egroup <coralreefs@egroups.com>,
     Michelle Pico <pico@nfwf.org>,
     _NOAA Coral <noaa.coral@noaa.gov>,
     _NOAA MPA All <noaa.mpa.all@noaa.gov>

** For distribution **

CALL FOR PROPOSALS
CORAL REEF CONSERVATION FUND
http://www.nfwf.org/programs/coralreef.htm

The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF), in cooperation with the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation
Program, is accepting proposals for projects that build public-private
partnerships to reduce and prevent degradation of coral reefs and associated
reef habitats (e.g. seagrass beds, mangroves etc.). Projects may address
causes of coral reef degradation wherever they occur, from inland areas to
coastal watersheds to the reefs and surrounding marine environment.
Proposals should support partnerships that provide solutions to specific
problems to help prevent coral reef degradation through one or more of the
following activities:

     Reducing impacts from pollution and sedimentation;
     Reducing impacts from over-harvesting and other fishing activities;
     Reducing impacts of tourism and boating;
     Restoring damaged reefs;
     Increasing community awareness through education and stewardship
activities.

Proposals are due January 31, 2003 (no exceptions).

Background
Coral reefs and their associated habitats are among the most biologically
diverse and complex ecosystems in the world. This incredible diversity
supports economies through activities such as tourism, fishing, and
pharmaceutical production. Despite their importance, coral reefs are rapidly
being degraded and destroyed by a variety of human impacts such as
pollution, overfishing, and physical disturbance to the reefs.

Priority projects will include those that:

1.  Build public-private partnerships, develop innovative partnerships, are
community-based, involve multiple stakeholders;
2.  Provide solutions to specific problems to reduce and prevent degradation
of coral reefs in the above listed areas;
3.  Are coordinated and consistent with on-going coral reef conservation
initiatives such as International Coral Reef Initiative's Framework for
Action and Renewed Call to Action , the U.S. National Action Plan (U.S.
Coral Reef Task Force, State and Territorial coral reef management programs,
and U.S. All Islands Coral Reef Initiative, as appropriate;
4.  Are focused on U.S. domestic, U.S. insular (territorial, commonwealth),
Freely Associated States (Micronesia, Marshall Islands and Palau), Caribbean
or Mesoamerican coral reef ecosystems;
5.  Address an unmet need that will provide direct benefits to coral reefs;
6.  Target a specific audience and address specific threats with a hands-on
approach.

Awards and Matching Funds
Most grants will be between $10,000 and $50,000. The average grant will be
approximately $25,000. Proposals should describe projects or progress that
can be achieved in a 12 month time period but may be part of a long-term
effort. All projects should include matching funding from project partners
at a minimum ratio of 1:1 - although leverage ratios of 2:1 are preferred.
As most of the grant dollars available for coral conservation will be
federal (e.g., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef
Conservation Program), the federal funds available for projects is
contingent on federal budget approvals, and matching contributions must be
from non-federal sources.

Eligible Applicants
Applications will be accepted from U.S. or international non-profit
organizations, academic institutions and government agencies (except U.S.
federal agencies). U.S. federal agencies are encouraged to work
collaboratively with non-federal project partners.

To Apply:
Electronic versions of the application form (in English and Spanish) are
available at www.nfwf.org.  Applicants will be notified after June 1st as to
the status of their proposal. The National Fish and Wildlife Foundation does
not anticipate another call for coral reef conservation proposals before
October of 2003.   If you have any questions about the
program or other opportunities through the National Fish and Wildlife
Foundation, please contact Michelle Pico (pico@nfwf.org).

Other Information:
For more information on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program, please contact Roger
Griffis (roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov) or visit the web site
www.coralreef.noaa.gov.



  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: In Situ PAR Measurements on a Coral Reef
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2002 19:27:56 -0000
From: <delbeek@waquarium.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

I would appreciate it if anyone can provide me with a reference or two that
contains PAR measurements from just below the surface to a depth of say 100-
150' taken on a south Pacific coral reef. I'd like to compare these values
to
those obtained from closed systems.

Aloha!

--
J. Charles Delbeek
Aquarium Biologist III
Waikiki Aquarium
2777 Kalakaua Ave.
Honolulu, HI, 96815

(808)923-9741

~~~~~~~
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Subject: ITMEMS2 Awards for Management Effectiveness
Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 17:33:43 +0800
From: "Andre Jon Uychiaoco" <andreu@upmsi.ph>
To: "coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

The Evaluating Management Effectiveness Session (Theme 14) would like to
sponsor the ITMEMS Awards for Tropical Marine Ecosystem Management.  The
Awards aim to encourage, recognize/honor and publicize particularly
innovative, effective and efficient management practices.  Nominations in
the form of a poster may be submitted by anyone prior to ITMEMS.
Nominations may win in more than one category.  Awarding will be based on
votes submitted by attendees of the ITMEMS to practices in particular sites.
Attendees may not vote for their own sites.

Interested people and all those already planning to presenting case studies
at ITMEMS2 please take note of the criteria below.  You may send in comments
on how to improve the criteria as well as make sure to prepare your
nominations such that it can be evaluated on the basis of the specified
criteria.

AWARDS
"Polyps" in honor of the humble coral polyps that build the largest
structures made by living organisms are awarded to excellent collaborations
or other foundational management practices. "Dugongs" in honor of the docile
seagrass-feeding mammals that represent how easily nature and some marginal
sectors give in to human attack are awarded to management that protects the
weak. "Fireflies" in honor of the fireflies that once lit-up the mangroves
of the mystical isle of Siquijor (Philippines) are awarded to particularly
sharp/astute management practices.  (Adapted from the Academy Awards for
Motion Pictures also known as the "Oscar" awards)

1. The "Polyp" for Most Participatory Management (care of Theme 1 & 3)
Criteria: Level of involvement (e.g. percentages) of each sector of
stakeholders (government, local community, private sector, academe/research,
NGO, indigenous peoples, etc.) involved in management; Level of
accountability each sector actually has relative to the other sectors.
2. The "Dugong" for Most Equitable Benefits from Management (care of Theme
2)
Criteria: Level of present socio-economic benefit; Equitability of
distribution of such benefits with preference for marginal sectors.
3. The "Firefly" for Most Financially Sustainable Management (care of Theme
9)
Criteria: How closely financial input matches or exceeds financial expenses
for management; Diversity of financial sources (not including foreign
funding assistance); Subsidy of other areas (if applicable, for example a
tourism area subsidizing the management of a non-tourism area); Speed of
delivery of revenues to management use.
4. The "Polyp" for Best Information/Education/Communication or Capability
Building Practice (care of Theme 7)
Criteria: Greatest (number of persons and change per person) demonstrated
increase in environmental awareness or management capacity; Relative cost of
IEC/Capability Building program; Type of target audience.
5. The "Dugong" for Most Efficient Law Enforcement (care of Theme 12)
Criteria: Effectiveness of law enforcement (apprehension, prosecution and
sentencing) against practices that destroy tropical marine ecosystems; Cost
of law enforcement relative to its effectiveness, the size of the area and
level of threat (e.g. the number of fishers/km2).
6. The "Firefly" for Most Innovative Management Practice, Policy or
Institutional Arrangement (care of Theme 14)
Criteria: Originality of management practice/policy/institutional
arrangement; Effectiveness of management practice/policy/institutional
arrangement; Cost of management practice or Degree of acceptability of
policy/institutional arrangement (e.g. whether it has been legislated).
7. The "Polyp" for Best Management of Pollution or Fishing (care of Theme 6,
11, 13)
Criteria: Degree to which pollution/fishing pressure was minimized or
avoided or stopped; Degree to which the source(s) of pollution or fishers
were still able to gain benefits given the lower pollution/fishing levels.
8. The "Dugong" for Best Enhancement or Rehabilitative Practice (care of
Theme 10)
Criteria: Degree to which a habitat or species was brought back relative to
original levels; Cost of enhancement/rehabilitation.
9. The "Firefly" for Most Replicated Practice (care of Theme 4 & 14)
Criteria: Degree to which a management practice has been
replicated/multiplied relative to the input of resources (information,
financial resources, etc.) from the site where such management practice was
demonstrated.
10. Most Useful Monitoring and Evaluation or Research (care of Theme 5 & 8)
Criteria: How well monitoring and evaluation results or research results
have been understood and used for actual management decision-making;
Closeness/speed of feedback from M&E/Research to management decision-makers;
Degree to which both scientific and local knowledge have been used (if
applicable).
11. The "Dugong" for Most Ecologically Sustainable Mix (care of Session
Organizers)
Criteria: How well a particular site is able implement a mix of the various
management practices in order to achieve a particular demonstrated level of
ecological sustainability.  (This award may perhaps not yet been given this
year due to the difficulty in selecting a winner.)

Thank you,

Andre Jon Uychiaoco, Marine Science Institute, University of the
Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. Tel. 63-2-922-3959,
Fax. 63-2-924-7678, E-mail andreu@upmsi.ph

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: [Fwd: Oak Chair Position Description (fwd)]
Date: Wed, 16 Oct 2002 10:18:18 -0400
From: "Gregory Piniak" <Gregory.Piniak@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Please forward the job announcement below to any interested parties.
Thanks.

Greg Piniak

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gregory Andrew Piniak, Ph.D.
NOAA/NOS Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research
101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA
email: gregory.piniak@noaa.gov or gap1@duke.edu
phone: 252-728-8796               fax: 252-728-8784
------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------- Forwarded message ----------
2002/3 Position Description for a Candidate for the Rachel Carson
Professorship in Marine Affairs and Policy in the Nicholas School of
Environment and Earth Sciences

The Nicholas School of Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke
University, a
multi-disciplinary School with undergraduate, professional masters and
Ph.D. programs, invites applications for the Rachel Carson Chair in
Marine
Affairs and Policy, a tenure-track position. This position, to be based
at
the Duke University Marine Laboratory in Beaufort, NC, is open to
candidates with a Ph.D. in one of the environmental social sciences or a
Ph.D. in any conservation field with a strong background in social
science
theory and methodology, with a preference for assistant or associate
level
candidates. Applicants should have an extramurally funded research
program;
strong background in the application of both quantitative and
qualitative
social science research methods; teaching ability at both the
undergraduate
and graduate levels; and a strong field research orientation. Research
themes could include, but are not limited to, resource management, the
policy-making process, socio-cultural aspects of coastal constituencies,
or
comparative policy regimes. In addition, candidates should have a
demonstrated interest in applications of social science to contemporary
coastal and marine issues.

It is our intention to fill this position for the fall of 2003, and we
will
begin reviewing applications on November 15, 2002. A letter of interest,
curriculum vitae, and the names of three references should be sent to:
Dr. Michael K. Orbach
Chair, Rachel Carson Chair Search Committee
Duke University Marine Laboratory
135 Duke Marine Lab Road
Beaufort, NC 28516-9721
Duke University is an equal opportunity employer. For more information
about the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences and the
Duke University Marine Laboratory, please see our website at
www.env.duke.edu.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


Subject: Searching for fish survey method reference
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2002 14:14:55 -0500
From: "Roshan Roy" <roshanr@mail.utexas.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral listers,
I adapted and used the following fish survey method from one that I believe
was developed in Australia.

Subject: RE: Fish survey method reference
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 17:43:35 -0500
From: "Roshan Roy" <roshanr@mail.utexas.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral Listers,

Thanks for all your help.  For any others who are interested, here is the
reference.

 English, S, C. Wilkinson & V. Baker. 1997. Survey Manual for Tropical
Marine Resources, Australian Marine Science Institute (2nd edition).

Cheers,
Roshan

Subject: Fellowships
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2002 20:22:05 -0400
From: "Harilaos Lessios" <Lessiosh@naos.si.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), a division of the
Smithsonian Institution headquartered in the Republic of Panama, offers
fellowships for research based at its facilities.  Disciplines include
ecology, anthropology, paleontology, conservation biology, evolution,
systematics, behavior and physiology of tropical plants and animals.

*       Earl S. Tupper 3-year postdoctoral fellowship (deadline: Jan15).
Applications should include detailed research proposal with budget,
curriculum vitae, 2 letters of reference, names and telephone numbers of
3 additional references and reprints of most important papers.
Applicants should consult with STRI scientists who will serve as advisor
before submitting final application.  Annual stipend up to $30,000 with
yearly travel and research allotments.  Research should be based at a
STRI facility; proposals that include comparative research in other
tropical countries will be considered. Send inquiries and application to
STRI.

*       Predoctoral, postdoctoral, senior postdoctoral (up to 1 year)
and 10-week fellowships are available through the Smithsonian's Office
of Fellowships, Washington, DC.  Deadline: Jan15.  For information:
Office of Fellowships & Grants at 955 L'Enfant Plaza, Suite 7000,
Washington DC 20560, e-mail siofg@ofg.si.edu,
http://www.si.edu/research+study.

*       Three-month fellowships (deadline: Feb15, May15, Aug15 and
Nov15) thru STRI.

        For information: Smithsonian Institution, Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute, Office of Education, Washington DC 20560-0580 or
e-mail fellows@tivoli.si.edu or http://www.stri.org

Awards are based upon merit, without regard to race, color, religion,
sex, national origin, age or condition of handicap of the applicant.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Coral settlement in relation to flow
Date: Sun, 20 Oct 2002 16:29:22 +0200
From: "Shimrit Perkol" <sperkol@post.tau.ac.il>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

 Dear coral list members,
I am looking for papers dealing with coral settlement in relation to flow,
including lab and field experiments. All I came up with are papers dealing
with fouling communities (bivalves, barnacles, bryozoans etc.).  I am trying
to locate studies relating to current regime on settlement plates, or
artificial reefs, in regards to stony and soft corals. Id appreciate any
help with finding references in the subject.

Cheers!

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Fake E-Cards
Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2002 12:23:45 -0400
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Greetings, Coral-Listers,

    I am sorry to post a non-coral related message, but since the last
spate of viruses attacked coral-list members, I thought maybe a
pre-emptive strike against the bums spreading these things might help
coral-listers before the virus spreads.

    The latest warning concerns fake E-cards being sent.  Please review
this site for more info:

    http://vil.nai.com/vil/content/v_99732.htm

    I hope this helps!

    Cheers,
    Jim

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Coral settlement in relation to flow
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 14:16:53 +0900
From: Hajime Kayanne <kayanne@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, "Shimrit Perkol" <sperkol@post.tau.ac.il>
CC: harii@wv.mei.titech.ac.jp

Dear Shimrit, coral-list,

Our recent paper examined settlement of coral larvae in flow water in lab,
which used a racetrack flume.

Harii, S. and Kayanne, H. (2002): Larval settlement of corals in flowing
water using a racetrack flume. Mar. Tech. Soc. J, 36, 76-79.

As far as we know, no studies published had examined coral larvae
settlement in different flow regimes in lab experiment. We also would like
to appreciate the information on this issue.

Best wishes,
Hajime

>I am looking for papers dealing with coral settlement in relation to flow,
>including lab and field experiments. All I came up with are papers dealing
>with fouling communities (bivalves, barnacles, bryozoans etc.).  I am
trying
>to locate studies relating to current regime on settlement plates, or
>artificial reefs, in regards to stony and soft corals. I$B!G(Bd
appreciate any
>help with finding references in the subject.
--
---- Hajime KAYANNE ----
Department of Earth & Planetary Science,
University of Tokyo
Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
Tel: 81-3-5841-4573
Tel & Fax: 81-3-3814-6358
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Landmark Conference
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 12:07:07 +0100
From: "N A J Graham" <N.A.J.Graham@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

A landmark conference on the 'environmental future of aquatic
ecosystems' (http://www.icef.eawag.ch) is to be held in Zurich,
Switzerland, 23-27 March 2003. Leading scientists from around the world
are to predict the potential alternative state(s) of each of the 21
marine and freshwater ecosystems by the year 2025 with respect, in
particular, to climate change, human population growth and fisheries
decline (see abstracts on website). We anticipate substantial attendance
by governmental departments, international agencies and NGO's.
Registration fees for this significant venture are substantially reduced
upto December 1st 2002 and student rates are also available
(http://www.icef.eawag.ch).

Nick Graham

Junior Research Associate
Marine Science & Technology
University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne
Tel: +44 (0)191 222 5868

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Seeking Contact Information
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 09:14:36 -0400 (EDT)
From: Linda Pikula <linda.pikula@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

   Coral Listers,

         We are trying to locate the following authors for our
   CREWS literature web project.  If you know of their email
   address or any contact information: mailing address,phone number,
   affiliation, please contact me.  Thanks for your help.

        Charlotte Anne Kesling

        Kenneth A. Rasmussen

        S. Neudecker

        C. Wahle and E.A. Chornesky

        M.R. Patterson

   Linda Pikula,Regional Librarian


   email:linda.pikula@noaa.gov
   NOAA Miami Regional Library              Phone/Fax:  305-361-4429
   4301 Rickenbacker Causeway               Library Internet Homepage:
   Miami, Florida 33149
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Contact Information Thanks/Need Neudecker and Rasmussen
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2002 15:46:41 -0400 (EDT)
From: Linda Pikula <linda.pikula@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

  Thank you all for helping me locate the addresses of:
     Charles Wahle
     Chornesky
     Patterson

  I am still in need of the addresses of Kenneth A. Rasmussen and S.
Neudecker.

   Linda Pikula,Regional Librarian


   email:linda.pikula@noaa.gov
   NOAA Miami Regional Library              Phone/Fax:  305-361-4429
   4301 Rickenbacker Causeway               Library Internet Homepage:
   Miami, Florida 33149
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Tenure-track positions in marine science available
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 12:13:04 +1000
From: "Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" <oveh@uq.edu.au>
To: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Centre for Marine Studies is the focal point for marine research and
teaching at the University of Queensland, Australia.  In addition to an
academic unit at St Lucia in Brisbane, the Centre also runs three
prominent research stations on the Great Barrier Reef and surrounds.
These are:  Heron Island Research Station, Moreton Bay Research Station
and the Low Isles Research Station.  Information on the Centre for
Marine Studies can be gained from the web site: www.marine.uq.edu.au.

In conjunction with the School of Life Sciences and School of Physical
Sciences, the Centre has advertised tenure-track positions in:

Marine Botany (page 1)
Aquaculture (page 2)
Marine Ecology (page 2)
Clastic sedimentology (page 2)
Isotope or sedimentary Geochemistry (Page 2)

Note - these are generally equivalent to assistant and associate
professorial appointments in the US.

For further details, follow links from:
http://www.seek.com.au/advhomes/uqadvertisements/852832_1.htm

Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Director, Centre for Marine Studies

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: BISC Marine Biologist Vacancy Announcement
Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 09:17:06 -0400
From: Matt_Patterson@nps.gov
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
CC: rick_clark@nps.gov

This is a permanent GS-9/11 marine biologist/ecologist position currently
being advertised at Biscayne National Park.  For more information go to:

www.usajobs.opm.gov/ and search  with  AT153970



Matt

Matt Patterson
South Florida / Caribbean Network Coordinator
National Park Service
9700 SW 328th Street, Homestead, FL 33033
(305) 230-1144 x3082
(305) 230-1190 fax
matt_patterson@nps.gov
----- Forwarded by Matt Patterson/BISC/NPS on 10/25/2002 09:03 AM -----

                      Rick Clark
                                               To:       Matt
Patterson/BISC/NPS@NPS
                      10/11/2002 04:43         cc:
                      PM EDT                   Subject:  BISC Marine
Biologist Vacancy Announcement



Matt:  F.Y.I.

Not being sure if you receive messages addressed to BISC All Employees, I
am also sending information about the GS-09/11 Marine Biologist/Ecologist
vacancy announcement as provided in my message below to you under separate
cover.  As discussed, please feel free to notify any of your sources about
this opportunity.  Notification about the vacancy announcement has also
gone to all major universities in Florida, FMRI and other agencies.
Thanks,

Rick

----- Forwarded by Rick Clark/BISC/NPS on 10/11/2002 04:28 PM -----

                      Rick Clark
                                               To:       BISC All Employees
                      10/11/2002 04:07         cc:       Jim
Tilmant/FTCOLLINS/NPS@NPS, William B Perry/EVER/NPS@NPS,
                      PM EDT                    gdhickman@tva.gov,
mlbrown3@tva.gov, joe.serafy@noaa.gov, jim.bohnsack@noaa.gov,
                                                todd_kellison@ncsu.edu,
ault@shark.rsmas.miami.edu, sgsmith@rsmas.miami.edu,
                                                amouldin@rsmas.miami.edu,
kolsen@fwenc.com, robert4843@aol.com, bgrahamm@aol.com,
                                                bob.palmer@fwc.state.fl.us,
andy.strelcheck@fwc.state.fl.us, john.hunt@fwc.fl.us,
                                                Sonny Bass/EVER/NPS@NPS,
Skip Snow/EVER/NPS@NPS
                                               Subject:  BISC Marine
Biologist Vacancy Announcement

F.Y.I.

A vacancy announcement for a permanent full-time, GS-09/11 Marine
Biologist/Ecologist position within the Biscayne National Park (BISC)
Resource Management Division opened October 7 and closes November 6.  The
vacancy announcement can be viewed by accessing the DOI, NPS employment
website at www.usajobs.opm.gov.  The announcement is also posted on the
BISC RM bulletin board and break room in the BISC headquarters building.
The position will be recruited through merit promotion and OPM, so those
with and without Federal career/career conditional status will be eligible
to apply.  The position is wide open for consideration by all eligible and
qualified individuals, so please feel free to distribute this announcement
broadly to any potential candidates who you think may be interested in
applying for the position.  I'd also be happy to field any inquiries by you
or any prospective candidates who may be interested to learn more about the
position.

Thanks,

Rick

Rick Clark
Chief, Resource Management
Biscayne National Park
9700 SW 328th Street
Homestead, FL  33033
Voice:  305-230-1144, x3007
Fax:  305-230-1190
email:  rick_clark@nps.gov

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Fungal Disease WebSite
Date: Sun, 27 Oct 2002 22:37:47 +0800
From: coralReef Conservation <crcp@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Coral Folks,

Last month I sent out a message with a link to a web site to be able to view
the fungal disease that killed many corals in Kenya early this year.  Many
people had problems accessing the web site and we have, therefore, put it on
another web site.  If you would like to view the fungus please visit the
following:

http://www.mba.ac.uk/research/Current%20Fellows/wilson/wilson_coral.htm

We would be like to receive help with the id of the fungus or any leads on
how to classify it.

Thanks

Tim McClanahan, PhD
The Wildlife Conservation Society
Coral Reef Conservation Project
Kibaki Flats #12
Bamburi, Kenyatta Beach
P.O. Box 99470
Mombasa, Kenya
Tel: 254 11 548 5570, 548 6549
Fax: 254 11 475157
web site: www.wcs.org/marine

and

---------------------------------
>> Dr Willie Wilson
>> Marine Biological Association
>> Citadel Hill
>> Plymouth, PL1 2PB
>> UK
>> Tel: +44 1752 633356
>> Fax: +44 1752 633102
>> email: whw@mba.ac.uk

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: separation of host and zoox
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 09:25:08 -0500
From: "Mike Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>


Hi all,

I would greatly appreciate if you could direct me to method(s) for
separating host coral tissue from zoox  for molecular work. I need to have
[more or less] intact RNA from the host tissue, with as little zoox RNA as
possible.

thanks in advance

Mike Matz
Whitney lab, University of Florida


Subject: JUVENILE PARROT FISH IDENTIFICATION
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 2002 10:22:25 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: "coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Listers::  I am currently going through fish samples from Puerto Rico,
trying to make positive ids down to the species level.  For the  most part
everything is going good, but I do have some questions about some of the
juvenile parrot fish that are in the collections.  Does anyone know of
someone who could help me with the identification of some of these,
especially those in the genus Sparisoma.  Im having some trouble with S.
radians; S. chrysopterum; and S. rubripinne.  For example, do all radians
have lateral canines after say 30mm?  Is it possible for these canines not
to form until later, or is it possible for them to break off? Many thanks to
anyone that can help.

Subject: GBR latest survey update
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 2002 14:41:31 +1000
From: Kate Osborne <kosborne@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Annual surveys of the Southern section of the GBR were completed in
September, 2002.

Please go to www.aims.gov.au/reef-monitoring to read the latest survey
update. A brief summary of the main findings is:

Active outbreaks of Crown of Thorns starfish (COTS) were observed on four of
seven survey reefs in the Swain sector: Gannet Cay, Horseshoe Reef, Chinaman
Reef and Turner Cay. In each case the outbreaks have been underway for
several years and have resulted in declines in reef wide live coral cover.
Small numbers of COTS, below outbreak levels, were also observed on East
Cay. No COTS were observed in the Capricorn/Bunker sector. In the Pompey
sector small numbers of COTS, below outbreak levels, were observed on
Credlin (North) Reef. Reef wide live coral cover has declined on this reef
since the last survey. This decline is likely due more to the effects of
bleaching in 2001/02 than low-level COTS predation.

SCUBA searches showed a substantial increase in numbers of diseased coral
colonies on all reefs in Capricorn / Bunker sector and several reefs in the
Swain sector.

Kate Osborne
Reef Monitoring
A.I.M.S
P.M.B 3, Townsville MC, 4810
ph 61 7 47534354
www.aims.gov.au/reef-monitoring ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and
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Subject: RE: eating damselfish ...
Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2002 11:54:31 +0400
From: David Obura <dobura@africaonline.co.ke>
Organization: CORDIO East Africa
To: coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov

.. and in the artisanal fishery in Diani, Kenya, which is also strongly
overfished, damselfish make up 0.41% (by number, or a total of 236 fish)
of the overall catch recorded (1998-2001).  91% of these are caught in
traditional basket-traps, 7% by spearguns, 1% by handlines.  The
proportion would be considerably less by weight ... as in Jamaica,
perhaps more would be caught by spearguns, but they are undersampled
here as well.

David

--
<+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+><+>

David Obura
CORDIO-East Africa P.O.BOX 10135, Mombasa, Kenya
Tel/fax: +254-11-548 6473; 0733-851656
Email: dobura@africaonline.co.ke Web: http://www.cordio.org

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: FW: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2002 08:38:23 -0500
From: "Julian Sprung" <julian@twolittlefishies.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Thanks for the article and links Gene. For what its worth, white
syndrome-like outbreaks in Acropora in aquariums are often associated with
pathogenic bacteria, and their occurrence and rate of damage is affected by
temperature (high temps promote them).

Slow-progressing bottom-up tissue loss is sometimes not caused by disease
but by predators instead. Reasearchers who study Caribbean Acropora are
familiar with the coral eating snails Coralliophila, whose affect on the
corals is often mistaken by casual observers for disease. In aquariums with
Indo-Pacific Acropora there are occasionally similar snails such as
Drupella, which fortunately don't reproduce and can be removed fairly
easily. There are also nudibranchs such as Cuthona that leave dead white
patches on coral, but these affect mainly Montipora and Porites.

There is one predator of Indo-Pacific corals in aquariums (and presumably in
the wild too) that often goes unnoticed, though its affect can be dramatic.
The beast is Scutus cf. unguis, a black limpet that I'm sure occurs on the
Great Barrier Reef. These limpets are active at night only and do not stay
near the coral during the day, so researchers diving during the day wouldn't
ever associate it with the dying coral. In aquariums Scutus has the
unfortunate habit of reproducing prolifically, so its effect can blossom,
and result in the loss of all small polyped corals.

I mention this here because the comment in the article, "it takes months to
kill a large colony" sounds like it may be a predator. It may also be a
disease, but the researchers involved should check the corals at night just
to rule out Scutus.

Sincerely,

Julian Sprung
----------
>From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
>To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
>Subject: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
>Date: Fri, Oct 25, 2002, 9:09 AM
>

> Is everyone watching what is happening in Australia as we speak? Check
> out
> these images and read the press releases. Note the statement, "White
> Syndrome outbreaks are happening in pristine areas of the Great Barrier
> Reef, the AIMS teams says, on outer reefs untouched by coastal
> development
> and tourism. This means the reef diseases are not linked to pollution,
> as
> are other coral diseases around the world."
>
> Gene
>
>
http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/satellite/seawifs/australia/200210/200210
2300_aust
> ralia.jpg
>
>
http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002296-1023/Australia2.A2002296
.2355.1km
> .jpgIs
>
>
http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002296-1023/Australia2.A2002296
.2355.1km
> .jpg
>
> http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,5357841%255E1702,00.html
>
> http://news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,5357418%255E1702,00.html
>
>>CORAL REEF KILLS, UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY - AUSTRALIA
>
>>------------------
>>Scientists at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) have
>>confirmed the existence of coral disease on the world's longest reef,
>>the Great Barrier Reef, which stretches along Australia's east coast.
>>
>>Researchers at the government institute do not have to travel far to
>>see the giant reef (they just glance out their front door) but they
>>have searched the world for a clue to the cause of the disease they
>>have observed.  AIMS scientists working in the long-term monitoring
>>program say the disease they have documented is in a broad category
>>known as White Syndrome. Soon they hope to learn exactly what White
>>Syndrome is.
>>
>>Cathie Page, a deep ocean ecologist on the AIMS long term monitoring
>>team, says, "It's more common on table corals. It starts at the base
>>and works its way up. The disease breaks the coral tissue down,
>>eventually killing it."
>>
>>"It doesn't fit the description of diseases found anywhere else in
>>the world, so it might be specific to the Pacific," she says.  In the
>>3 years Page has been on the monitoring team, she has logged about
>>450 dives spanning 48 reefs.  She has seen White Syndrome kill at
>>varying rates.
>>
>>"It could kill a colony of 2 metres (6.5 feet) in diameter in 2 weeks
>>but in some other cases, it takes months to kill a large colony," she
>>said.
>>
>>The first record of coral diseases came from reefs off Belize and
>>Florida in 1973. In 1993 coral diseases were noticed on the Great
>>Barrier Reef. When the diseases worsened in the late 1990s, the
>>long-term monitoring team started documenting their activity.  In
>>1999 only 7 reefs were  infected with White Syndrome; in 2002 33
>>reefs were affected out of the 48 studied by the AIMS long-term
>>monitoring team.
>>
>>The highest number of infected colonies within one reef was 101 in a
>>1500-square-meter area. That was on Carter Reef, an outer shelf reef
>>in the Cooktown/Lizard Island sector. The syndrome killed those
>>colonies infected and caused a decline in hard coral cover on this
>>reef.
>>
>>AIMS scientists together with researchers from James Cook University
>>who are collaborating on the project have recorded the disease in
>>northern waters during the winter months.  Outer-shelf reefs near
>>Lizard Island off Cooktown in the northern Great Barrier Reef and the
>>Capricorn Bunker reefs in the southern Great Barrier Reef are the
>>worst affected areas.
>>
>>White Syndrome outbreaks are happening in pristine areas of the Great
>>Barrier Reef, the AIMS teams says, on outer reefs untouched by
>>coastal development and tourism. This means the reef diseases are not
>>linked to pollution, as are other coral diseases around the world.
>>Coral bleaching is also affecting the great reef, and scientists fear
>>White Syndrome could be spreading more quickly in corals weakened by
>>bleaching.
>>
>>Coral bleaching is the name given to an event in which coral expel
>>their symbiotic algae due to extreme stress, such as unusually hot
>>water, according to AIMS bleaching expert Dr. Terry Done.
>>
>>The bleached corals die if the stress is extreme or prolonged.  With
>>rising water temperatures over the tropical summers, coral bleaching
>>events are more widespread and happening more often, leaving little
>>time for coral to recover.
>>
>>"Bleached coral is not healthy and potentially more susceptible to
>>diseases," said Page. "We don't know  what's causing this disease.
>>It's microscopic; it could be a range of things."
>>
>>AIMS has sent samples of corals affected by White Syndrome away for
>>testing. When the results come back, AIMS will search for solutions
>>that might save the corals of the Great Bar
>
> ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
>
> http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
> |
> E. A. Shinn
> email  eshinn@usgs.gov
> USGS Center for Coastal Geology     |
> 600 4th St. South                   | voice  (727) 803-8747 x3030
> St.Petersburg, FL  33701            | fax    (727) 803-2032
> ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: FW: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
Date: Wed, 30 Oct 2002 11:29:02 -0500
From: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: Julian Sprung <julian@twolittlefishies.com>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Hi Julian and others:

We have come across a small flatworm in our aquaria that we suspect of
having eaten many of our juvenile corals.  They are only a mm or so in
length and would not be noticeable to the un-aided eye of a diver.  We found
them with high quality dissecting scopes.  They are full of zooxanthellae,
and we found them crawling over our settlement plates with empty coral spat
calices.  We've also seem nematodes feeding on coral tissues.  There are a
lot of microscopic things out there killing corals, it appears!   If any of
you know what some of these tiny critters are, I'd appreciate help in IDing
them.  I do have some photographs.

Alina Szmant

At 08:38 AM 10/30/02 -0500, Julian Sprung wrote:

> Thanks for the article and links Gene. For what its worth, white
> syndrome-like outbreaks in Acropora in aquariums are often associated with
> pathogenic bacteria, and their occurrence and rate of damage is affected
> by
> temperature (high temps promote them).
>
> Slow-progressing bottom-up tissue loss is sometimes not caused by disease
> but by predators instead. Reasearchers who study Caribbean Acropora are
> familiar with the coral eating snails Coralliophila, whose affect on the
> corals is often mistaken by casual observers for disease. In aquariums
> with
> Indo-Pacific Acropora there are occasionally similar snails such as
> Drupella, which fortunately don't reproduce and can be removed fairly
> easily. There are also nudibranchs such as Cuthona that leave dead white
> patches on coral, but these affect mainly Montipora and Porites.
>
> There is one predator of Indo-Pacific corals in aquariums (and presumably
> in
> the wild too) that often goes unnoticed, though its affect can be
> dramatic.
> The beast is Scutus cf. unguis, a black limpet that I'm sure occurs on the
> Great Barrier Reef. These limpets are active at night only and do not stay
> near the coral during the day, so researchers diving during the day
> wouldn't
> ever associate it with the dying coral. In aquariums Scutus has the
> unfortunate habit of reproducing prolifically, so its effect can blossom,
> and result in the loss of all small polyped corals.
>
> I mention this here because the comment in the article, "it takes months
> to
> kill a large colony" sounds like it may be a predator. It may also be a
> disease, but the researchers involved should check the corals at night
> just
> to rule out Scutus.
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Julian Sprung
> ----------
> >From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
> >To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
> >Subject: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
> >Date: Fri, Oct 25, 2002, 9:09 AM
> >
>
> > Is everyone watching what is happening in Australia as we speak? Check
> > out
> > these images and read the press releases. Note the statement, "White
> > Syndrome outbreaks are happening in pristine areas of the Great Barrier
> > Reef, the AIMS teams says, on outer reefs untouched by coastal
> > development
> > and tourism. This means the reef diseases are not linked to pollution,
> > as
> > are other coral diseases around the world."
> >
> > Gene
> >
> >
> h
> tp://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/satellite/seawifs/australia/200210/200210
> 2300_aust
> > ralia.jpg
> >
> >
> h
> tp://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002296-1023/Australia2.A2002296
> .2355.1km
> > .jpgIs
> >
> >
> h
> tp://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002296-1023/Australia2.A2002296
> .2355.1km
> > .jpg
> >
> > http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,5357841%255E1702,00.html
> >
> > http://news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,5357418%255E1702,00.html
> >
> >>CORAL REEF KILLS, UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY - AUSTRALIA
> >
> >>------------------
> >>Scientists at the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) have
> >>confirmed the existence of coral disease on the world's longest reef,
> >>the Great Barrier Reef, which stretches along Australia's east coast.
> >>
> >>Researchers at the government institute do not have to travel far to
> >>see the giant reef (they just glance out their front door) but they
> >>have searched the world for a clue to the cause of the disease they
> >>have observed.  AIMS scientists working in the long-term monitoring
> >>program say the disease they have documented is in a broad category
> >>known as White Syndrome. Soon they hope to learn exactly what White
> >>Syndrome is.
> >>
> >>Cathie Page, a deep ocean ecologist on the AIMS long term monitoring
> >>team, says, "It's more common on table corals. It starts at the base
> >>and works its way up. The disease breaks the coral tissue down,
> >>eventually killing it."
> >>
> >>"It doesn't fit the description of diseases found anywhere else in
> >>the world, so it might be specific to the Pacific," she says.  In the
> >>3 years Page has been on the monitoring team, she has logged about
> >>450 dives spanning 48 reefs.  She has seen White Syndrome kill at
> >>varying rates.
> >>
> >>"It could kill a colony of 2 metres (6.5 feet) in diameter in 2 weeks
> >>but in some other cases, it takes months to kill a large colony," she
> >>said.
> >>
> >>The first record of coral diseases came from reefs off Belize and
> >>Florida in 1973. In 1993 coral diseases were noticed on the Great
> >>Barrier Reef. When the diseases worsened in the late 1990s, the
> >>long-term monitoring team started documenting their activity.  In
> >>1999 only 7 reefs were  infected with White Syndrome; in 2002 33
> >>reefs were affected out of the 48 studied by the AIMS long-term
> >>monitoring team.
> >>
> >>The highest number of infected colonies within one reef was 101 in a
> >>1500-square-meter area. That was on Carter Reef, an outer shelf reef
> >>in the Cooktown/Lizard Island sector. The syndrome killed those
> >>colonies infected and caused a decline in hard coral cover on this
> >>reef.
> >>
> >>AIMS scientists together with researchers from James Cook University
> >>who are collaborating on the project have recorded the disease in
> >>northern waters during the winter months.  Outer-shelf reefs near
> >>Lizard Island off Cooktown in the northern Great Barrier Reef and the
> >>Capricorn Bunker reefs in the southern Great Barrier Reef are the
> >>worst affected areas.
> >>
> >>White Syndrome outbreaks are happening in pristine areas of the Great
> >>Barrier Reef, the AIMS teams says, on outer reefs untouched by
> >>coastal development and tourism. This means the reef diseases are not
> >>linked to pollution, as are other coral diseases around the world.
> >>Coral bleaching is also affecting the great reef, and scientists fear
> >>White Syndrome could be spreading more quickly in corals weakened by
> >>bleaching.
> >>
> >>Coral bleaching is the name given to an event in which coral expel
> >>their symbiotic algae due to extreme stress, such as unusually hot
> >>water, according to AIMS bleaching expert Dr. Terry Done.
> >>
> >>The bleached corals die if the stress is extreme or prolonged.  With
> >>rising water temperatures over the tropical summers, coral bleaching
> >>events are more widespread and happening more often, leaving little
> >>time for coral to recover.
> >>
> >>"Bleached coral is not healthy and potentially more susceptible to
> >>diseases," said Page. "We don't know  what's causing this disease.
> >>It's microscopic; it could be a range of things."
> >>
> >>AIMS has sent samples of corals affected by White Syndrome away for
> >>testing. When the results come back, AIMS will search for solutions
> >>that might save the corals of the Great Bar
> >
> > ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
> >
> > http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
> > |
> > E. A. Shinn
> > email  eshinn@usgs.gov
> > USGS Center for Coastal Geology     |
> > 600 4th St. South                   | voice  (727) 803-8747 x3030
> > St.Petersburg, FL  33701            | fax    (727) 803-2032
> > ------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
> >
> >
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
> >
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

*******************************************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
Professor of Biology
Center for Marine Science
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
5600  Marvin K. Moss Lane
Wilmington  NC  28409-5928
tel:  (910)962-2362  fax:  (910)962-2410
email:  szmanta@uncwil.edu
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
******************************************************************

Subject: Postponement of ITMEMS 2
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 07:53:26 -0500
From: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

    SECOND INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL MARINE ECOSYSTEM
    MANAGEMENT SYMPOSIUM MOVED TO MARCH 24-27, 2003

    In view of the heightened security concern in the Philippines and
    after careful deliberation by the ICRI Joint Philippine-Sweden
    Secretariat and the Organizing Committee has decided to
    reschedule the Second International Tropical Marine Ecosystem
    Management Symposium (ITMEMS 2) from November 25-28, 2002
    to March 24-27, 2003 in Manila, Philippines.

    The decision to reschedule ITMEMS 2 is being made in
    consideration of requests and recommendations expressed by
    major partners in ICRI and ITMEMS that may affect their
    participation and other participants. In the interest of achieving
an
    excellent global representation and participation, the symposium is
    rescheduled to March 24-27, 2003 as the most convenient and
    manageable time.

    We would like to offer our sincere apologies for any inconvenience
    the re-scheduling may have caused and hope for your continued
    support. We look forward to see you next year.

    Olof LINDEN
    Robert JARA
    Richard Kenchington
    Angel ALCALA

    ICRI Joint Philippine-Sweden Secretariat
    ITMEMS 2 Program and Organizing Committee

    Please note that there will be some adjustments on the
    deadline set by the Organizers and case studies are still very
    much welcome.  Should there be anymore questions, please
    do not hesitate to email us. Please acknowledge receipt of this
document.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject:
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 09:39:43 -0500
From: "Todd R. Barber" <reefball@reefball.com>
To: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>,
     "Julian Sprung" <julian@twolittlefishies.com>

<coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
References: <5.1.0.14.2.20021030112325.02734540@pop.uncwil.edu>
Subject: FW: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 09:16:19 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Hi Alina (and others),

John Walch and I discovered a white nudibranch in Malaysia that also =
eats coral and using its gills to look like bleached coral polyps.  So =
check to make sure they are flatworms because these looked like =
flatworms when their gills were not extended.  They were tiny, but you =
could barely see them with the naked eye when they were forced out of =
the corals on the walls of the research aquariums we were working in.  I
=
have photos if anyone is interested.

Thanks,

Todd R. Barber
Chairman, Reef Ball Foundation
CEO, Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd.
6916 22nd Street West
Bradenton, FL 34207
941-752-0169 (Office)
941-752-0338 (Direct Line)
941-752-1033 Fax
941-720-7549 Cell
reefball@reefball.com
http://www.artificialreefs.org
http://www.reefball.com
http://www.reefball.org

  ----- Original Message -----=20
  From: Alina M. Szmant=20
  To: Julian Sprung ; coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov=20
  Sent: Wednesday, October 30, 2002 11:29 AM
  Subject: Re: FW: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef

  Hi Julian and others:

  We have come across a small flatworm in our aquaria that we suspect of
=
having eaten many of our juvenile corals.  They are only a mm or so in =
length and would not be noticeable to the un-aided eye of a diver.  We =
found them with high quality dissecting scopes.  They are full of =
zooxanthellae, and we found them crawling over our settlement plates =
with empty coral spat calices.  We've also seem nematodes feeding on =
coral tissues.  There are a lot of microscopic things out there killing
=
corals, it appears!   If any of you know what some of these tiny =
critters are, I'd appreciate help in IDing them.  I do have some =
photographs.

  Alina Szmant

  At 08:38 AM 10/30/02 -0500, Julian Sprung wrote:

    Thanks for the article and links Gene. For what its worth, white=20
    syndrome-like outbreaks in Acropora in aquariums are often =
associated with
    pathogenic bacteria, and their occurrence and rate of damage is =
affected by
    temperature (high temps promote them).

    Slow-progressing bottom-up tissue loss is sometimes not caused by =
disease
    but by predators instead. Reasearchers who study Caribbean Acropora
=
are
    familiar with the coral eating snails Coralliophila, whose affect on
=
the
    corals is often mistaken by casual observers for disease. In =
aquariums with
    Indo-Pacific Acropora there are occasionally similar snails such as
    Drupella, which fortunately don't reproduce and can be removed =
fairly
    easily. There are also nudibranchs such as Cuthona that leave dead =
white
    patches on coral, but these affect mainly Montipora and Porites.

    There is one predator of Indo-Pacific corals in aquariums (and =
presumably in
    the wild too) that often goes unnoticed, though its affect can be =
dramatic.
    The beast is Scutus cf. unguis, a black limpet that I'm sure occurs
=
on the
    Great Barrier Reef. These limpets are active at night only and do =
not stay
    near the coral during the day, so researchers diving during the day
=
wouldn't
    ever associate it with the dying coral. In aquariums Scutus has the
    unfortunate habit of reproducing prolifically, so its effect can =
blossom,
    and result in the loss of all small polyped corals.

    I mention this here because the comment in the article, "it takes =
months to
    kill a large colony" sounds like it may be a predator. It may also =
be a
    disease, but the researchers involved should check the corals at =
night just
    to rule out Scutus.

    Sincerely,

    Julian Sprung
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Winter Sessioin Coral Reef Ecology
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 12:34:01 -0400
From: "Coral Reef" <info@reefresearch.org>
To: "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Please post the following Central Caribbean Marine Institute program:
Rutgers University WINTER SESSION course for undergraduate and graduate
students:
> WINTERSESSION - CORAL REEF ECOLOGY & BIOLOGY   January 2 - 9, 2003. Little
> Cayman Island.
> Registration is open - Visit the website:
http://Wintersession.rutgersonline.net
> For Information Contact: Graduate Assistant: David Gruber 932 732-6555
x534
> gruber@imcs.rutgers.edu   OR Instructor: Dr. Carrie Manfrino 908- 737-3697
rutgersinfo@reefresearch.org

CCMI
"Sustaining the Earth's Resources for Future Generations through
Education,
Research, and Community Outreach"

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dr. Carrie Manfrino
Central Caribbean Marine Institute - USA
P.O. Box 1461
Princeton, NJ 08540
(609) 921-3590

CCMI - Cayman
PO Box 37
Little Cayman, Cayman Islands
(345) 948-0107
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .


Subject: Pelagic Fishery Biologist Position - American Samoa
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 2002 08:08:25 -1100
From: "Emmanuel Coutures" <manu@blueskynet.as>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Subject: Re: FW: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 2002 08:04:21 EST
From: EricHugo@aol.com
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Subject: Re: FW: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
Date: Fri, 1 Nov 2002 08:31:02 -0500
From: "Todd R. Barber" <reefball@reefball.com>
To: <EricHugo@aol.com>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi Eric,

Good points.  However, in realtion to the nudibranch infection, it was on
freshly obtained corals in a bare sided quarantine tank.  There was an
infection of at least 40% of the coral upon collection.  However, in the
wild, we observed butterfly fish "feeding" on the "bleached" polyops which
means that in reality they were "cleaning" the corals of the nudibranches so
there may be some natural balance.  Note that most nudibranches feed on a
single food source...so it is unlikely that they have other food
preferences.

Thanks,

Todd R. Barber
Chairman, Reef Ball Foundation
CEO, Reef Ball Development Group, Ltd.
6916 22nd Street West
Bradenton, FL 34207
941-752-0169 (Office)
941-752-0338 (Direct Line)
941-752-1033 Fax
941-720-7549 Cell
reefball@reefball.com
http://www.artificialreefs.org
http://www.reefball.com
http://www.reefball.org
Subject: Coral Calcium supplements
Date: Fri, 01 Nov 2002 10:20:07 -0500
From: "Eileen Alicea" <Eileen.Alicea@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Would anyone care to comment on the environmental impact of mining Sango
(non-living) coral to make calcium supplements?  The following are
claims of the distributors of these supplements:

"Barefoot Coral Calcium Plus is marine sango coral mined freshly from
the sea bed (ocean floor) and has the same nutrients that is found in
the living coral.  Ocean bed coral is mined by an underwater vacuuming
operation that is closely monitored by the Japanese Government to insure
that the living coral reefs are not harmed in any way. Damaging the
coral reef in any way leads to criminal prosecution.  The coral mined
for our product is mined at least one mile away from the living coral. "

and
"This seabed coral is the coral that has dropped from the reef or is
processed by reef inhabitants. This type of "coral sand" has been washed
to the ocean floor by wave actions. Marine coral is closer in
composition to the living forms of corals, because many minerals and
organic elements are retained, in comparison to fossilized, land-based
coral."
Thank you,
Eileen

~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Email address of Dr. Martin Pecheux
Date: Sat, 02 Nov 2002 15:25:37 +0330
From: "Mohammad Reza Shokri" <mrshokri@angelfire.com>
Organization: Angelfire (http://email.angelfire.mailcity.lycos.com:80)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

Could any one provide me with the email addess of Dr. Martin Pecheux who is
based in Nice Universiy in France.

I tried to contact him with two following email addresses but it didnot work
out.
E-mail : pecheux@eureka.meta.fr
E-mail :martinpecheux@minitel.net

Thank you very much.

Mohammad Reza Shokri
Iranian National Center for Oceanography
Living Resources Department
#51, Bozorgmehr Ave., Tehran, 14168, Iran
Tel: +98-21-6419891
Fax: +98-21-6419978
Email: mrshok@hotmail.com

____________________________________________________________
Get 25MB of email storage with Lycos Mail Plus!
Sign up today -- http://www.mail.lycos.com/brandPage.shtml?pageId=plus
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Significant New Actions Adopted by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force
Date: Sun, 03 Nov 2002 12:45:58 -0500
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Announcement:   Significant New Actions Adopted by the U.S. Coral Reef Task
Force at October 2-3 Meeting
        ** See HTTP://CORALREEF.GOV/ for meeting summary **

Dear Colleagues,

The United States Coral Reef Task Force took action on a number of
significant resolutions at its October 2-3 meeting in Puerto Rico.  A
summary of the meeting and resolutions is now available at the Task Force
web site
http://coralreef.gov/

Some highlights of the historic meeting are provided below.  If you need
additional information, please contact me at roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov.
Thank you.

Roger Griffis
_______________
Highlights:  U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Meeting
October 2-3, 2002  San Juan, Puerto Rico
[for more information and complete meeting summary see
http://coralreef.gov/]

1.  TASK FORCE ADOPTS NEW STRUCTURE, PRIORITIZES ACTION AREAS:
The 8th meeting of the United States Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF) was marked
by significant new commitments for strategically implementing the United
States National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs. These commitments
include the adoption of a resolution improving the capacity of the Task
Force to advance implementation by:

    1. Endorsing six focus areas for priority action: land-based sources of
pollution, overfishing, lack of public
      awareness (with a focus on user groups), recreational overuse and
misuse, climate change and coral
      bleaching, and disease.
    2. Establishing two regional subcommittees to support local action
    3. Identifying methods for tracking progress toward national goals
    4. Highlighting needs and opportunities to strengthen human resources
for reef conservation

2.  USDA AND EPA COMMIT TO LEADING EFFORT TO REDUCE IMPACTS OF LAND-BASED
POLLUTION:
The United States Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection
Agency offered to co-lead an effort  to address the CRTF focus area of
land-based sources of pollution and invited all interested members of the
Task  Force to join in this effort.

3.  NEW INITIATIVE TO ADDRESS CLIMATE IMPACTS ON REEFS:
The Department of the Interior, Department of Commerce, and Environmental
Protection Agency offered to co-lead
 an effort to address the CRTF focus area of climate change and coral reefs
. The Task Force passed a resolution
 on coral reefs and climate change calling for an interagency,
public/private partnership to advance understanding
 and management.

4.  PUERTO RICO ANNOUNCES NEW EFFORTS TO CONSERVE REEFS:
Puerto Rico, the meeting's host, made historic commitments to advancing
coral reef management, with
support from NOAA, including:

    1.  Strengthening enforcement
    2.  Expanding and strengthening nature reserves
    3.  Improving understanding and management of recreational fisheries
    4.  Developing amendments to fisheries regulations
    5.  Convening a coral reef advisory committee for strategic planning

5.  STUDY LOOKING AT EFFECTIVENESS OF RESTORATION/MITIGATION EFFORTS:
In response to a presentation by the Department of the Interior, Fish and
Wildlife Service (FWS), the CRTF
 adopted a resolution directing applicable agencies to continue gathering
data on the effectiveness of compensatory
 mitigation effecting coral reef ecosystems. The initial findings presented
by FWS suggest that less than 1% of the
 compensation for loss of coral reef ecosystems was successfully implemented
in the cases examined.

6.  TASK FORCE HIGHLIGHTS CONCERNS ON TRADE IN CORAL REEF SPECIES:
A resolution on the international trade in coral and coral reef animals
restated the Task Force's suggestion that
 there is a need to reduce the adverse impacts of trade by encouraging more
responsible trade and improved coral
 reef management. The resolution further charges the Trade subgroup of the
International Working Group to provide
 further recommendations on key issues, especially in conjunction with
upcoming CITES meeting.

7.  EFFORT TO INCREASE OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVOLVEMENT IN TASK FORCE:
The Task Force also adopted resolutions to explore options for increasing
stakeholder engagement, endorsing a
study proposal by the National Academy of Sciences, and providing testimony
to the U.S. Commission on Ocean
Policy.

8.  PROGRESS AND NEW REPORTS:
Reports following-up on previous task force decisions were presented on
vessel groundings, fisheries, and other topics.  Two new reports were
released as part of CRTF efforts:

       1.  The State of Coral Reef Ecosystems of the United States and
Pacific Freely Associated States:  2002
            (http://www.nccos.noaa.gov/library/notables.html)
       2.  A National Coral Reef Action Strategy:
            Report to Congress on Implementation of the Coral Reef
Conservation Act of 2000 and the National Action
            Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs
            (http://http://coris.noaa.gov/)

 9.  HOT TOPIC PRESENTATIONS:
Presentations to the Task Force highlighted a number of issues and
initiatives.  See meeting summary (http://coralreef.gov/) for presentations
and authors.  Topics included:

*  update on the incidence and distribution of coral diseases;
*  the impacts of water quality and climate in the Florida Keys;
*  status of effort to map and characterize all U.S. reefs
(http://coralreef.gov/mapping/mpwg.cfm)
*  release of new U.S. public opinion poll on reefs
(http://www.coralreeffoundation.org/);
*  a regional threats analysis in the Caribbean
(http://www.wri.org/wri/reefsatrisk/reefriskcaribbean.html)
*  results of a REEFCHECK global volunteer monitoring study
(http://www.reefcheck.org/)
*  results of new coral reef expeditions in Florida and the Northwest
Hawaiian Islands (http://www.nccos.noaa.gov/library/notables.html)

10.  TASK FORCE AWARDS:
The  Task Force presented a number of awards in recognition of significant
activities supporting conservation and management of coral reef ecosystems.

  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce

  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1

Subject: bleaching and blasting in RMI
Date: Sun, 3 Nov 2002 16:05:38 -0800 (PST)
From: Silvia Pinca <milviapin@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Helloa ll,

just a quick sad note about corals in the Marshalls. We now witnessed at
least two bleaching events (a third one is probably happening now) off the
shores of MAjuro atoll (7 degree N), both lagoon and ocean side, attacking
Acroporas (at least cerealis and robusta and maybe nana) on the reef shelf.
These corals are briefly exposed at low tide (new moon) when we experienced
very high atmospheric temperatures coincident with  lack of trade winds.

The corals that belached in September are now dead and covered with a green
film of algae.

Some of the recently bleached ones are sometimes britteling down into
pieces.

Evidence of bleaching in another atoll (Jaluit, south west of Majuro)
induces us to think this is a spread out event.

We also found evidence of blast-fishing on the ocean side.

All these news are recent and quite shocking for this country.

Thank you,

Silvia Pinca and Dean Jacobson

Silvia Pinca, Ph.D.
Marine Science Program Coordinator
College of the Marshall Islands
P.O. Box 1258, Majuro, MH 96960
ph. (692)-625-5903
milviapin@yahoo.com
www.geocities.com/milviapin

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Subject: New Chairs & Lectureships at Plymouth University
Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2002 13:32:51 -0000
From: "Martin Attrill" <M.Attrill@plymouth.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all

Please find below details of 4 new posts in the School of Biological
Sciences here at the University of Plymouth. These include a chair and
lectureship in Marine Biology.

Yours

Martin
_______________

University of Plymouth, School of Biological Sciences

2 Professorial appointments: Marine Biology and Biomedical Sciences
2 Lecturers/Senior Lecturers in above fields

The University of Plymouth is developing its international research
strengths. As a part of this strategic investment, it wishes to make 4
appointments to the School of Biological Sciences.  These will be in the
areas of Marine Biology and Biomedical Sciences (including
Neuroscience). For all posts, we are looking for applicants who apply
cellular and molecular biological techniques to fundamental questions
related to the understanding of biological function and evolution.
Potential for establishing research links with the Peninsula Medical
School is particularly desirable, as is an interest in collaborating
with environmental scientists.

Candidates for the Chairs will be of international standing, as
evidenced by their  record of published  work and research funding
obtained. They must also show evidence of the ability to motivate and
lead other researchers.  Applicants for the Lectureships need to have a
PhD, at least 2-3 years post-doctoral experience, a strong publication
record relative to experience and must show clear evidence of potential
to develop independent research programmes funded from external
grant-awarding bodies. You must also be committed to research-informed
teaching.  Interviews will be held in January 2003 with the expectation
that successful candidates will be in post by August/September 2003.

For informal discussion of the posts, contact:
Professor Malcolm B Jones, email: mjones@plymouth.ac.uk or
Professor Roddy Williamson, email: rwilliamson@plymouth.ac.uk

Closing date: December 19th 2002
Application forms and further details available from: Personnel Office,
University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, U.K.

_________________________________________

Dr Martin J Attrill
Reader in Marine Ecology

Marine Biology and Ecology Research Group
School of Biological Sciences
University of Plymouth
Drake Circus,  Plymouth
PL4 8AA, U.K.

Tel: +44 (0)1752 232916
Fax: +44 (0)1752 232970
http://www.biology.plymouth.ac.uk/staff/Attrill/Mattrill.htm
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Vibrio coralliilyticus sp. nov
Date: Mon, 4 Nov 2002 10:58:23 -0500
From: Yael Ben-Haim <yaelll@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi coral listers,

To anyone it may concern, our new publication :

"Vibrio coralliilyticus sp. nov., a temperature-dependent pathogen of the
coral Pocillopora damicornis "

Ben-Haim Y. et al

Has been published online in Int J Sys Evol Microb

It can be downloaded at this link:

http://www.sgm.ac.uk/IJSEM/PiP/ijsem02402.pdf

Best regards,

Yael

Yael Ben-Haim
Dept of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
Tel Aviv University
Israel
Tel: (972) 3 6407627
e-mail: yaelbh@post.tau.ac.il

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: red tide around Sydney
Date: Tue, 05 Nov 2002 12:05:18 +1100
From: Nerilie Abram <nerilie.abram@anu.edu.au>
To: eshinn@usgs.gov, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Dr Shinn,

I was very interested in the note that you sent to coral list last week. I
thought that you might like to know that since your note was posted a red
tide has broken out on the coast around Sydney, and as far north as Foster
(about 300kms north of Sydney). Red tides are very unusual in this area and
the media reports are drawing the link between the Sydney red tide and
nutrients from the dust storm that went through the region on 23rd October.
Another contributing factor could be from the nutrients in the smoke from
numerous bush fires that have been burning in this area since early
September - the smoke from these fires was particularly thick in Sydney
around 25th October.

Here is the story in one of the Sydney newspapers today:

http://www.dailytelegraph.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,5422404%255E701,00.html

Incidentally, because of the El Nino drought in Australia at the moment
Sydney has had virtually no rain over the past couple of months and so it
would seen very unlikely that this red tide could have been driven by
nutrients entering the ocean via rivers and runoff.

Nerilie

Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2002 10:09:19 -0400
From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
Subject: Dust and Disease on the Great Barrier reef
Is everyone watching what is happening in Australia as we speak? Check
out
these images and read the press releases. Note the statement, "White
Syndrome outbreaks are happening in pristine areas of the Great Barrier
Reef, the AIMS teams says, on outer reefs untouched by coastal
development
and tourism. This means the reef diseases are not linked to pollution,
as
are other coral diseases around the world."
Gene

http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/satellite/seawifs/australia/200210/2002102300_australia.jpg

http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002296-1023/Australia2.A2002296.2355.1km.jpgIs

http://rapidfire.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/?2002296-1023/Australia2.A2002296.2355.1km.jpg

http://www.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,5357841%255E1702,00.html

http://news.com.au/common/story_page/0,4057,5357418%255E1702,00.html

------------------------------------------
Nerilie Abram

Research School of Earth Sciences
Australian National University
ACT     0200    Australia

nerilie.abram@anu.edu.au
Ph: +61 (2) 6125 5177
Fax: +61 (2) 6125 3683
-----------------------------------------------------

Subject: Bahamas Country Director position
Date: Tue, 5 Nov 2002 13:26:04 -0500
From: "Carol Hodge" <chodge@TNC.ORG>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

BAHAMAS COUNTRY DIRECTOR

The Nature Conservancy, the world's largest private conservation
organization, needs your leadership and vision to achieve its
conservation goals in the Bahamas.  Located in Nassau, the Country
Director develops staff and partnerships to build in-country capacity
and achieve conservation results at priority sites.  The Director
devises strategies and secures outcomes in habitat conservation,
economic development, public policy and gains community support for
these efforts.  Position fundraises from private, public, bilateral and
multilateral funding sources, designs and negotiates grants and
contracts, and forges new partnerships to accomplish ambitious goals.
Must be experienced in working with local government and non-US partner
organizations, and in financial/grant management.  Able to frequently
travel and work in remote areas with culturally diverse peoples.
Closing date November 15, 2002.

******************

CARIBBEAN MARINE PROGRAM DIRECTOR

The Nature Conservancy seeks Caribbean Marine Program Director to work
with partner organizations and international institutions/agencies to
develop & coordinate coastal and marine projects within the Bahamas,
Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Virgin Islands and Eastern Caribbean.
Provide strategic direction, financial resources for coastal marine
priorities, identify regional threats and cross-cutting marine
biodiversity conservation issues, design/develop region and site-based
strategies to prevent or abate threats. Advanced degree + 7 years
experience in biodiversity conservation, knowledge of Caribbean coastal
and marine conservation issues, extensive network of contacts,
partnership, team building, strategic planning and fundraising skills,
willingness to travel essential.  Proficiency in English required,
Spanish and/or French desirable. Closing date November 15, 2002.

*******************

PROJECT DIRECTOR, GREATER CARIBBEAN ECOREGIONAL PLAN
(Two-Year Term Limited Position)

Join The Nature Conservancy for an extraordinary opportunity to advance
effective conservation in one of the world's most ecologically diverse
regions.  This is a uniquely demanding project leadership position,
responsible for creating a unifying cross-boundary conservation vision
that involves five Conservancy divisions, multiple countries and
regional/local partners throughout the Greater Caribbean Basin.  Work
through a team of scientists and technical staff to coordinate
assessments of terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine ecosystems,
threats and abatement strategies.  Develop cross-boundary project mgmt.
mechanisms, identify and provide a plan for implementing prioritized
conservation actions at regionwide scale and at "site" or
"land/seascape" level.  Advanced degree in natural
resources/conservation biology/marine ecology or MBA with emphasis on
program mgmt.  Three+ years experience in conservation/natural resources
mgmt, including developing and implementing regional conservation
plans.  Partnership building, experience managing complex projects &
scientific/technical teams, and fundraising skills essential.  PMI
certification, knowledge of Caribbean culture, political institutions
and conservation issues desirable.  Ability to travel extensively.
Location is negotiable within Eastern US or Greater Caribbean Basin.
Application deadline:  December 1, 2002.
___________________________________________________
Send cover letter and resume in English to: The Nature Conservancy,
Dept. CH, 4245 N. Fairfax Dr., Arlington, VA 22203, USA.  Email:
jobs@tnc.org (please indicate job title in subject line).  Equal
Opportunity Employer.  The Nature Conservancy offers a rewarding work
environment, career advancement, competitive salaries and an excellent
benefits package.  For a complete job description, please visit
www.nature.org.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Trouble in submisssion forms,10ICRS site
Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2002 18:39:58 +0900
From: Hajime Kayanne <kayanne@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
To: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>

First, I am truly sorry for the wrong URL in the second announcement for
10ICRS.

The correct one, http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004, was missed from
the original announcement.

Please try registration through this URL and inform me whether you still
have
trouble or not. I appreciate any comments on our web site.

Sincerely,
Hajime

---- Hajime KAYANNE ----
Department of Earth & Planetary Science,
University of Tokyo
Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
Tel: 81-3-5841-4573
Tel & Fax: 81-3-3814-6358
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Coral List problems
Date: Wed, 06 Nov 2002 10:09:26 -0500
From: "Jim Hendee" <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
Organization: DOC/NOAA/AOML/OCD
To: Clare Bradshaw <clare.bradshaw@igbp.kva.se>
CC: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>

Clare,

    Somebody who is a coral-list subscriber has a virus and if you have
posted
to coral-list in the past and that peson saved your message, or you have
corresponded with the person who has the virus, you are receiving the virus
because of that person's infected computer.  This virus was not distributed
via
coral-list, as I can see it was trapped at our machine before it was
forwarded
to list members.

    Cheers,
    Jim

Clare Bradshaw wrote:

> Hi Jim
> Apologies if you have already got loads of similar messages from the Coral
> list today.
> There appears to be all sorts of anti-virus warfare going on in my Inbox
> (related to the Coral List) which originated with a email from «14Y
> (?!). It looks like it's got into a vicious circle, and I've had about 25
> messages relating to this so far today.
> I've copied the latest few emails below (most recent at the top) if it's
any
> use...
>
> Sorry again if you're already on top of this problem.
>
> Clare Bradshaw
> ----------------

~~~~~~~
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Subject: Position Announcement, State of Florida
Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2002 10:31:25 -0500
From: "Hackett, Keith" <Keith.Hackett@fwc.state.fl.us>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

coral-listers,

Please do not reply to me, I am merely the messenger.  An application
can be obtained at
        http://www.myflorida.com/dms/hrm/jobsdirect/app.pdf

The online announcement can be viewed at

http://www.myflorida.com/owa_jobs/owa/www_cv.jobvac.detail?pvac_key=3267&pregion=SW

Please be sure to include a CV with the application.  Note that
applications must be RECEIVED BY NOVEMBER 15, 2002.

Cheers,

Keith Hackett

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This position is being advertised "PENDING APPROVAL" of reclassification
from Select Exempt to the Career Service.

SUPERVISOR:     Jennifer Wheaton, Natural Science Manager-L2
SECTION:                Ecosystem Assessment & Restoration/Coral Reefs &
Hardbottoms

POSITION TITLE: BROADBAND TITLE: FISH & WILDLIFE BIOLOGISTS - L4
                        BROADBAND CODE: 19-1023-4
                        Associate Research Scientist (FLORIDA MARINE
RESEARCH INSTITUTE)
                        Class code: 5064

POSITION NUMBER:        70372, Career Service

SALARY RANGE:   $1,566.63 to $3,916.58 biweekly; $40,732.48 to $101,831.19
annually.  Starting rate is $1,730.77 biweekly; $45,000.02 annually.

DUTIES:
        Oversee and participate in activities of research group for coral
reefs
and hardbottoms.  Coordinate and participate in coral community field
research programs requiring extended travel.  Provide expertise in coral
community systematics and ecology including identification of marine
benthic taxa in underwater visual surveys. Supervise monitoring and
research staff.  Manage grants, contracts and budgets.  Compile,
analyze, and present project data in reports and peer reviewed journals

PREFERRED KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS & ABILITIES:
        Bachelor's degree in one of the physical or natural sciences plus 5
years experience in marine benthic ecology.  Knowledge of: marine
benthic ecology and systematics of reef organisms; principles of SCUBA
DIVING; data collection methods; word processing, spreadsheet, and
database software; terminology, principles, and techniques used in
ecological research, analysis, and reporting; management and supervisory
principles, practices, and procedures; principles and techniques related
to benthic resource management principles; and basic seamanship. Skill
in: use of scientific, laboratory, field and SCUBA equipment; seamanship
and safe operation of vehicles, trailers, and vessels; computer
operation and technical writing; and managing a field and laboratory
research team to conduct scientific research.  Ability to: plan,
organize, coordinate, and manage a program of scientific research;
collect, record, and analyze scientific data; perform strenuous field
duties in adverse conditions using SCUBA and advanced dive techniques;
effectively supervise people, foster teamwork, establish and maintain
effective working relationships; understand, apply and formulate rules,
regulations, policies, and procedures; prepare written reports, publish
scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals and present scientific
methods and results to non-scientific audiences; maintain AAUS
certification; and travel extensively for fieldwork.

JOB LOCATION:   St. Petersburg, Florida (Pinellas County)

JOB BENEFITS:   Paid annual and sick leave, 10 paid holidays, low cost
health and life insurance and an excellent deferred compensation and
retirement program

DEADLINE:               November 15, 2002.   Applications must be RECEIVED
by this
date.  Download a State Application from:
<http://www.myflorida.com/dms/hrm/jobsdirect/app.pdf>

HOW TO APPLY:   Submit a completed State of Florida Employment Application
Form to:
                        Florida Marine Research Institute
                        Personnel Office
                        100 8th Avenue S.E.
                        St Petersburg, FL  33701-5020

SPECIAL NOTE:   Must have SCUBA certification and be able to acquire a
valid State of Florida driver's license.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
Date: Wed, 06 Nov 2002 11:17:14 -0500
From: "Laura Kracker" <Laura.Kracker@noaa.gov>
To: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
CC: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Jim-
Don't let them get the better of you.  You always do a great job and we
appreciate your time and effort!!

Laura

ps. make sure this one gets posted -ok?

Jim Hendee wrote:

> Dear Coral-Listers,
>
>         For the time being, I'm going to have to moderate the list to make
> sure I can screen for any possible incidence of spreading computer
> viruses, worms, varmits, etc.  I apologize ahead of time if your message
> does not make it to the list in as timely a fashion as you might wish.
>
>         Cheers,
>         Jim Hendee
>         coral-list admin
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Laura M. Kracker, Ph.D.,  Geographer
NOAA National Ocean Service
Center for Coastal Environmental Health
       and Biomolecular Research
219 Fort Johnson Road
Charleston, SC 29412-9110
843-762-8640 Phone
843-762-8700 Fax
laura.kracker@noaa.gov
http://www.chbr.noaa.gov
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Subject: Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2002 11:50:17 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

        For the time being, I'm going to have to moderate the list to make
sure I can screen for any possible incidence of spreading computer
viruses, worms, varmits, etc.  I apologize ahead of time if your message
does not make it to the list in as timely a fashion as you might wish.

        Cheers,
        Jim Hendee
        coral-list admin

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Dirty Rotten Scoundrels
Date: Wed, 6 Nov 2002 12:27:21 -0500
From: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
CC: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Jim-
Don't let them get the better of you.  You always do a great job and we
appreciate your time and effort!!

Laura

ps. make sure this one gets posted -ok?

Jim Hendee wrote:

> Dear Coral-Listers,
>
>         For the time being, I'm going to have to moderate the list to make
> sure I can screen for any possible incidence of spreading computer
> viruses, worms, varmits, etc.  I apologize ahead of time if your message
> does not make it to the list in as timely a fashion as you might wish.
>
>         Cheers,
>         Jim Hendee
>         coral-list admin
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Laura M. Kracker, Ph.D.,  Geographer
NOAA National Ocean Service
Center for Coastal Environmental Health
       and Biomolecular Research
219 Fort Johnson Road
Charleston, SC 29412-9110
843-762-8640 Phone
843-762-8700 Fax
laura.kracker@noaa.gov
http://www.chbr.noaa.gov
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: virus got through
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 08:22:43 -0500
From: coral-list admin <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

My apologies, it does appear as though virus got through the backdoor.
However, since all messages to the list will now go through me, rather
than directly to coral-list, this should stop the problem for now (I
hope).  I should also mention that we are looking to install a new
listserver software that has better security features and better thread
and archiving utilities.

Take care...

        Cheers,
        Jim Hendee
        coral-list admin

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 14:26:51 -0600 (CST)
From: FAUTIN DAPHNE G <fautin@falcon.cc.ku.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Information, registration, and abstract submission are now available for
the Seventh International Conference on Coelenterate Biology (ICCB) at
www.nhm.ukans.edu/inverts/iccb/

ICCB7 will occur 6-11 July 2003 at the University of Kansas, Lawrence.
This will be the first ICCB to be held in the US, and one session (or
more)
will be the 2003 North American meeting of the International Society for
Reef Studies.

Themes of the meeting are "Biogeography and environmental biology of
coelenterates" (anticipated sessions include those on freshwater
biology,
bioinformatics, coral reefs, and deep-sea ecology), "Evolutionary and
developmental biology of coelenterates" (anticipated sessions include
those
on taxonomy and systematics, reproduction and development, and life
cycles), and "Coelenterate anatomy, physiology, and behavior"
(anticipated
sessions include those on neurobiology, cnidae, and gametogenesis).
Integration of presentations is an overarching goal of the meeting.
Workshops will follow the ICCB for 1-2 days, depending on topic and
number
of participants.  Those being planned include "Electronic sources of
information about anthozoans," and "Octocorallian systematics."

Graduate student members of ISRS who are citizens of a developing
country
and are enrolled in graduate study in a developing country are eligible
to
apply for a travel grant from ISRS and the ICCB7.

We hope to see you in Kansas in July!

Daphne G. Fautin
Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Curator, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
Haworth Hall
University of Kansas
1200 Sunnyside Avenue
Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7534  USA

telephone 1-785-864-3062
fax 1-785-864-5321
for e-mail, please use fautin@ku.edu
website www.nhm.ku.edu/~inverts

7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY 6-11 July 2003
for details, go to http://web.nhm.ukans.edu/inverts/iccb/index.html

      direct to database of hexacorals, including sea anemones
                 newest version released 15 July 2002
           *** http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Hexacoral/Biodata/ ***
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: The virus (help)
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 22:48:35 -0000
From: "David Nettleton" <david.nettleton@virgin.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

OK, now that we've all been infected with Win32.funlove or whatever, =
does anyone know of how I can get my WINDOWS/SYSTEM/msconfig.sys file =
out of quaranteen????

Help

Dave
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Virus attack
Date: Thu, 07 Nov 2002 21:15:06 -0500
From: "Louis Florit" <Louis.Florit@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Good evening coral-listers:

It would seem, unfortunately, that a computer virus has managed to
penetrate the list server and has probably been transmitted to many of
the list subscribers.  It appears the virus was delivered before our
virus scanners managed to update their virus definition files.

The virus is a particularly nasty version called 'Bridex', also known as
Bride or I-Worm.  It is a Windows based virus that has the ability to
execute itself when recieved by Microsoft Outlook through a
vulnerability in the operating system (usually you have to open the
attachment for infection to occur).  The program is called README.EXE
and once that is run it ties itself into various places in your system
and starts delivering copies of itself to all the email addresses in the
address book.  It has the nasty habit of crashing Windows if you try to
run antivirus programs after it has infected the system.

The following website has more details about the virus:
https://www.europe.f-secure.com/v-descs/bridex.shtml

I would advise you to have a virus scanner installed as a normal course
of operating your computer.  If you have any questions, please contact
me at this email address.

Louis Florit
Coral-List Tech Admin

--
  All programmers are optimists  -- Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: News
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 04:47:56 -0500
From: eric wolanski <e.wolanski@aims.gov.au>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The January-February 2003 issue of American Scientist will publish a
paper entitled Mud, marine snow and coral reefs, by Eric Wolanski,
Robert Richmond, Laurence McCook and Hugh Sweatman.  Eric, Laurence and
Hugh are at the Australian Institute of Marine Science, and Robert is at
the Marine Science Laboratory of the University of Guam.  The paper
builds up a predictive model of the impact of human activities on
adjoining river catchments on the health of coral reefs.  The model
combines hydrology, oceanography, meteorology, and reef ecology.  It
includes larval recruitment. It applies this model to the Great Barrier
Reef.  By using field data from the long-term monitoring study for model
calibration, it quantifies the impact of human activities on the health
of the Great Barrier Reef.  It concludes that the survival of coral
reefs requires integrated watershed-based management activities and
marine conservation.

Do not hesitate to contact me if you have any questions.

Kind regards,
Eric

Dr. Eric Wolanski, FTSE, ARSOM
Leading Scientist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No. 3, Townsville MC,  Qld. 4810, Australia
Web Page: http://www.aims.gov.au/ibm
Ph: 61-(0)7-47534243     Fax: 61-(0)7-47725852
E-mail:  e.wolanski@aims.gov.au

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: antivirus resources
Date: Fri, 8 Nov 2002 07:32:51 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

In answer to David Nettleton's query, there are several anti-virus sites
that allow you to try their downloads for evaluation purposes.  Here are
some sites:

        http://www.europe.f-secure.com/download-purchase/
        http://download.mcafee.com/
        http://www.symantec.com/downloads/

Or, you can even more through google.com.

        cheers,
        Jim

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: The virus (help)
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 2002 22:48:35 -0000
From: "David Nettleton" <david.nettleton@virgin.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

OK, now that we've all been infected with Win32.funlove or whatever, =
does anyone know of how I can get my WINDOWS/SYSTEM/msconfig.sys file =
out of quaranteen????

Help

Dave
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Virus Attack Follow Up
Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2002 12:16:01 -0500
From: "Louis Florit" <Louis.Florit@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral-listers:

I've recieved some questions regarding the nature of the virus and would
like to offer some more details:

The virus that was sent out over the list infects Windows operating
systems only; this includes Windows 95/98/2000/NT and XP.

If you use a Macintosh or UNIX based system you should not have an
infection, as this virus targets Windows only.

The virus automatically installs itself if loaded through an unpatched
version of Microsoft Outlook via the IFrame vulnerability; if you have
updated your system regularly it would have not infected your system
automatically.  The update from Microsoft can be found here:

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/downloads/critical/q323759ie/default.asp

If you use Eudora, Netscape, Pine, or any other email client, the only
way to be infected is by accidentally opening and excuting the attached
virus.  If you deleted the message, you should be ok.

Finally, this virus, and various others, forge the sender address.  This
means you may have recieved a notice (or several hundred) that you sent
someone a virus, when in fact you haven't.  If you start recieving a
multitude of messages rejecting infected email, and you have scanned
your system with the latest virus definitions, it is likely that this is
what occured and you are not infected.

If I can answer any further questions, please do not hesistate to
contact me at this email address.  Thank you.

Louis Florit
Coral-List Tech Admin

--
  All programmers are optimists  -- Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: faculty position in environmental geoscience
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 11:38:56 -0500
From: Andrea Grottoli <grottoli@sas.upenn.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOSCIENCE faculty position

         The Department of Earth and Environmental Science at the
University of Pennsylvania invites applications for an assistant
professorship in environmental geoscience.  The research interests of
the
candidate should complement and broaden established research programs in
the Department.  The successful candidate will be expected to maintain
an
active research program while teaching graduate courses in his/her
research
specialty, and undergraduate courses in environmental studies, geology,
paleobiology, and oceanography. Further information about programs in
the
Department of Earth and Environmental Science at the University of
Pennsylvania may be sought at <www.sas.upenn.edu/earth/>.  Applicants
should submit resumes, statements of research and teaching interests,
names
and contact information of three references, and a selection of
representative reprints to:  Robert Giegengack, Environmental Geoscience
Search Committee, Department of Earth and Environmental Science,
University
of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316
USA  (earth@sas.upenn.edu).  The Search Committee will begin to evaluate
applications in January 2003; the search will remain open until the
position is filled.  The University of Pennsylvania is an
equal-opportunity
employer.  Women and minorities are encouraged to apply.
*******************************************************
Andrea G. Grottoli, Assistant Professor
University of Pennsylvania
Department of Earth and Environmental Science
240 South 33rd Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316
tel: 215-898-9269 (office)
fax: 215-898-0964
email: grottoli@sas.upenn.edu
http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~grottoli/

and Woodland House Faculty Fellow
University of Pennsylvania
http://woodland.house.upenn.edu/
*******************************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Virus Attack Follow Up
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 11:39:57 -0500
From: "David Nettleton" <david.nettleton@virgin.net>
To: "Louis Florit" <Louis.Florit@noaa.gov>,
     "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

Following Louis's suggestions I have been able to eradicate the Bride
virus
manually by removing the mystey help and explorer files from my desktop,
regedit.exe from my windows/system folder and Bride.exe. It appears to
have
gone for now anyway, I think I was lucky in not having the funlove worm
spread (my anti-virus software caught it)- the funlove identifying
flcss.exe
never appeared.
In order to stop windows crashing i prevented certain software like
antivirus and norton software from booting up with windows ( switched
them
off in safe mode).  I hope this may help anyone in trouble.
I still need to find a backup copy of msconfig.exe, which does not
appear to
be on the windows cdrom, if anyone has the answer please let me know.

regards

David Nettleton

----- Original Message -----
From: "Louis Florit" <Louis.Florit@noaa.gov>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Friday, November 08, 2002 5:16 PM
Subject: Virus Attack Follow Up

> Dear coral-listers:
>
> I've recieved some questions regarding the nature of the virus and would
> like to offer some more details:
>
> The virus that was sent out over the list infects Windows operating
> systems only; this includes Windows 95/98/2000/NT and XP.
>
> If you use a Macintosh or UNIX based system you should not have an
> infection, as this virus targets Windows only.
>
> The virus automatically installs itself if loaded through an unpatched
> version of Microsoft Outlook via the IFrame vulnerability; if you have
> updated your system regularly it would have not infected your system
> automatically.  The update from Microsoft can be found here:
>
>
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/downloads/critical/q323759ie/default.asp
>
> If you use Eudora, Netscape, Pine, or any other email client, the only
> way to be infected is by accidentally opening and excuting the attached
> virus.  If you deleted the message, you should be ok.
>
> Finally, this virus, and various others, forge the sender address.  This
> means you may have recieved a notice (or several hundred) that you sent
> someone a virus, when in fact you haven't.  If you start recieving a
> multitude of messages rejecting infected email, and you have scanned
> your system with the latest virus definitions, it is likely that this is
> what occured and you are not infected.
>
> If I can answer any further questions, please do not hesistate to
> contact me at this email address.  Thank you.
>
> Louis Florit
> Coral-List Tech Admin
>
> --
>   All programmers are optimists  -- Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: ISRS abstracts available on ReefBase
Date: Tue, 12 Nov 2002 11:40:58 -0500
From: "Oliver, Jamie (WorldFish)" <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers

The volume of abstracts for the recent European Meeting of the
International
Society for Reef Studies held in Cambridge in September is now available
for
download on ReefBase.  Here is the direct link:
http://www.reefbase.org/pdf/Abstracts%20ISRS%20European%20mtg,%202002.pdf

You can also find the document by going to the References:Literature
section
and typing Brooks into the Author field and ISRS into the keywords
field.

Full Reference within ReefBase:
Brooks, S., T. Spencer, K. Teleki and M. Taylor (2002). Abstracts
Volume.
European Meeting of the International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS),
University of Cambridge, England, 4th-7th September 2002.

Best Wishes

Jamie Oliver

===================================================================
ReefBase is a project of the International Coral Reef Action Network
(ICRAN)
www.icran.org
===================================================================
===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
WorldFish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670

Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530

email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org

visit ReefBase on:  www.reefbase.org
===============================
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Faculty Position in Physiology
Date: Wed, 13 Nov 2002 12:14:41 -0500
From: Danny Gleason <dgleason@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Please note that our search for a physiologist has been extended to Dec.
2,
2002.

The Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, invites
applications for a tenure-track Assistant Professor position as outlined
below. Requirements for tenure-track positions: proficiency in English,
ability to work with diverse populations. Ph.D. required at the time of
application, postdoctoral experience preferred. We seek applicants who
can
collaborate with our faculty, secure external funding and contribute to
the  department's broad research emphasis on coastal biology. In
addition
to specific courses listed below, positions require participation in
introductory courses and upper level courses in applicant's area of
expertise. Starting date is 1 August 2003. Salary commensurate with
qualifications.

Molecular Physiologist: Comparative physiologist using modern molecular
methods to investigate the function and regulation of major organ
systems
in animals. Preference given to individuals working with
estuarine/marine
organisms, but will consider individuals concentrating on other groups
as
well. Teaching duties will include a freshman/sophomore Cellular Biology
class for biology majors equivalent to a one semester general biology
course. Search Chair: Dr. Jonathan Copeland.

THE DEPARTMENT AND THE UNIVERSITY
The Department of Biology has a commitment to teaching and research
excellence and provides an integrative biology program leading to B.A.,
B.S., and M.S. degrees. The Department has 29 faculty members, 600
undergraduate majors, and 40 M.S. degree
students  (http://www.bio.gasou.edu/). Department affiliations include
the
Institute for Arthropodology and Parasitology, Smithsonian Institution's
National Tick Collection, Savannah Science Museum Herpetological
Collection, Georgia Southern Botanical Garden and Herbarium, and Applied
Coastal Research Laboratory on Skidaway Island. Georgia Southern
University, is the largest
center of higher education in the southern half of
Georgia  (http://chronicle.com/jobs/profiles/911.htm).

APPLICATION INFORMATION
Send letter of application, curriculum vitae, statements of teaching and
research interests, and contact information for three references to the
Search Chair (shown above), Department of Biology, Georgia Southern
University, P.O. Box 8042, Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA. Application
postmark deadline is 1 November 2002 (has been extended to 2 December
2002). Georgia is an open records state. Individuals who need reasonable
accommodations under the ADA in order to participate in the search
process
should notify the search chair. Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action
Institution.

**************************************
Daniel Gleason
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University
P.O. Box 8042
Statesboro, GA  30460-8042

Phone: 912-681-5957
FAX: 912-681-0845
E-mail: dgleason@gasou.edu
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Gleason-home.html
**************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Keys' coral reefs gain protection [Becomes first
Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2002 10:02:33 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: "Gelber Adam" <agelber@pbsj.com>, "Zimmer Beth" <BZimmer@pbsj.com>,
     "Henry Mark" <mhenry@pbsj.com>, "Deis Don R." <DRDeis@pbsj.com>

internationall
        y protected nautical zone in the United States and only the fifth
worldwi
        de] (Palm Beach Post, 11/14/02).
Date: Thu, 14 Nov 2002 08:04:29 -0600
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Dear Coral-List:

FYI
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Keys' coral reefs gain protection

   By Larry Lipman
      Washington Bureau

   Palm Beach Post
   http://www.pbpost.com

Thursday, November 14, 2002

http://gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/thursday/news.html
www.gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/today/news_d33d0364b28a52c6009
7.html

WASHINGTON -- The delicate coral reefs around the Florida Keys have
become
the first internationally protected nautical zone in the United States
and
only the fifth worldwide.

The designation by the International Maritime Organization was announced
Wednesday.

The 3,000-square-nautical-mile zone is designed to protect the fragile
coral from anchors, groundings and collisions from large international
ships. The zone stretches from Biscayne National Park to the Dry
Tortugas
and encompasses all of the 2,500-square-nautical-mile Florida Keys
National
Marine Sanctuary, which was created a dozen years ago.

Gov. Jeb Bush called the zone's designation "yet another step to ensure
that our international shipping community is aware of the protections we
have put in place for this unique ecosystem. Florida has an important
natural resource that must be protected."

The waters around the Keys are among the world's most heavily trafficked
shipping areas, with more than 40 percent of the globe's commerce
passing
through the Florida Straits each year. Since 1984, 10 large ships have
run
aground in the zone, and large ships or freighters improperly anchoring
in
the zone have damaged coral 17 times since 1997.

Beginning Dec. 1, ships longer than 164 feet will be advised to avoid
four
areas along the Keys and prohibited from anchoring in three areas around
the Dry Tortugas. There are areas where large ships can approach reach
Key
West.

Future nautical charts are expected to show the zone -- known as the
Florida Keys' Particularly Sensitive Sea Area -- and include information
about the restrictions.

"This protective status makes the international shipping community aware
of
the coral reefs and increases compliance with domestic measures already
in
place to protect the area, while not hindering trade and commerce," said
Samuel Bodman, deputy secretary of the U.S. Commerce Department.

A Commerce Department agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, announced the designation made by the International
Maritime Organization. The organization, a U.N. agency, oversees
international shipping issues.

The American shipping industry hailed the designation as a balanced
approach to protecting nature while allowing continued commerce.

"It is imperative that the maritime industry support environmental
protection initiatives that maintain the ability to continue efficient,
effective and environmentally responsible marine transportation," said
Joe
Cox, president of the Chamber of Shipping of America, which represents
21
U.S.-based shipping companies.

The U.S. has declared no-anchoring areas in the Dry Tortugas since 1997,
but many foreign vessels traveling through the area do not carry
American-
made charts designating the zone. The new designation means the zone now
will appear on international navigation charts.

The four other particularly sensitive sea areas are: the Great Barrier
Reef, Australia; the Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba; Malpelo Island,
Colombia; and the Wadden Sea off Denmark, the Netherlands and Germany.

larryl@coxnews.com

http://gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/thursday/news.html
www.gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/today/news_d33d0364b28a52c6009
7.html

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Web Site: Scientific Center of Monaco
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 14:24:57 +0100
From: Allemand <allemand@centrescientifique.mc>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear All

I am pleased to announce the official release of the english version
of the website of the Scientific Center of Monaco.

See http://www.centrescientifique.mc

Happy surfing,

Denis Allemand
--
Professeur Denis Allemand
Directeur/Director
Centre Scientifique de Monaco
Avenue Saint Martin
MC-98000 Monaco
Principality of Monaco

Tel.: (377) 93 30 12 11
ou/or (377) 92 16 79 83
Fax.: (377) 93 50 52 97
E-Mail : allemand@centrescientifique.mc
Web : www.centrescientifique.mc
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Position Announcement, State of Florida
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 09:59:03 -0500
From: "Hackett, Keith" <Keith.Hackett@fwc.state.fl.us>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

coral-listers,

This announcement was originally posted on 11/6/02... the original
deadline of Nov. 15 has been extended to Nov. 22, 2002.

Please do not reply to me, I am merely the messenger.  An application
can be obtained at

        http://www.myflorida.com/dms/hrm/jobsdirect/app.pdf=20

The online announcement can be viewed at

http://www.myflorida.com/owa_jobs/owa/www_cv.jobvac.detail?pvac_key=3D326=
7&pregion=3DSW

Please be sure to include a CV with the application.  Note that
applications must be RECEIVED BY NOVEMBER 22, 2002.

Good luck,

Keith Hackett

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

This position is being advertised "PENDING APPROVAL" of reclassification
from Select Exempt to the Career Service.
=20
SUPERVISOR:     Jennifer Wheaton, Natural Science Manager-L2
SECTION:                Ecosystem Assessment & Restoration/Coral Reefs &
Hardbottoms
=20
POSITION TITLE: BROADBAND TITLE: FISH & WILDLIFE BIOLOGISTS - L4=20
                        BROADBAND CODE: 19-1023-4
                        Associate Research Scientist (FLORIDA MARINE
RESEARCH INSTITUTE) =20
                        Class code: 5064
                =09
POSITION NUMBER:        70372, Career Service     =20
=20
SALARY RANGE:   $1,566.63 to $3,916.58 biweekly; $40,732.48 to $101,831.19
annually.  Starting rate is $1,730.77 biweekly; $45,000.02 annually.
=20
DUTIES:         =09
        Oversee and participate in activities of research group for coral
reefs
and hardbottoms.  Coordinate and participate in coral community field
research programs requiring extended travel.  Provide expertise in coral
community systematics and ecology including identification of marine
benthic taxa in underwater visual surveys. Supervise monitoring and
research staff.  Manage grants, contracts and budgets.  Compile,
analyze, and present project data in reports and peer reviewed journals
=20
PREFERRED KNOWLEDGE, SKILLS & ABILITIES:=20
        Bachelor's degree in one of the physical or natural sciences plus 5
years experience in marine benthic ecology.  Knowledge of: marine
benthic ecology and systematics of reef organisms; principles of SCUBA
DIVING; data collection methods; word processing, spreadsheet, and
database software; terminology, principles, and techniques used in
ecological research, analysis, and reporting; management and supervisory
principles, practices, and procedures; principles and techniques related
to benthic resource management principles; and basic seamanship. Skill
in: use of scientific, laboratory, field and SCUBA equipment; seamanship
and safe operation of vehicles, trailers, and vessels; computer
operation and technical writing; and managing a field and laboratory
research team to conduct scientific research.  Ability to: plan,
organize, coordinate, and manage a program of scientific research;
collect, record, and analyze scientific data; perform strenuous field
duties in adverse conditions using SCUBA and advanced dive techniques;
effectively supervise people, foster teamwork, establish and maintain
effective working relationships; understand, apply and formulate rules,
regulations, policies, and procedures; prepare written reports, publish
scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals and present scientific
methods and results to non-scientific audiences; maintain AAUS
certification; and travel extensively for fieldwork.
=20
JOB LOCATION:   St. Petersburg, Florida (Pinellas County)
=20
JOB BENEFITS:   Paid annual and sick leave, 10 paid holidays, low cost
health and life insurance and an excellent deferred compensation and
retirement program
=20
DEADLINE:               November 22, 2002.   Applications must be RECEIVED
by this
date.  Download a State Application from:
<http://www.myflorida.com/dms/hrm/jobsdirect/app.pdf>=20
=20
HOW TO APPLY:   Submit a completed State of Florida Employment Application
Form to:=20
                        Florida Marine Research Institute=09
                        Personnel Office
                        100 8th Avenue S.E.=09
                        St Petersburg, FL  33701-5020
=20
SPECIAL NOTE:   Must have SCUBA certification and be able to acquire a
valid State of Florida driver's license.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Summer 03 Field Class in Coral Reef Ecology of the GBR
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2002 10:42:54 -0700
From: Phil Pepe <phil.pepe@pcmail.maricopa.edu>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

> Please post the following Phoenix College and Great Barrier Reef Institute
of
> TAFE program: Phoenix College course for undergraduate students:

> SUMMER SESSION - CORAL REEF ECOLOGY & MARINE PARKS MANAGEMENT  JUNE 16 -
30,
> 2003. CANNONVALE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA

> Registration is open.

> Prerequisites: Ability to swim.

> Visit our website:
> http://www.pc.maricopa.edu/departments/Biology/au/auweb.htm
> For More Information Contact: DR. PHILIP PEPE  (602) 285-7106
> <phil.pepe@pcmail.maricopa.edu>
>
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Paperback
Date: Wed, 20 Nov 2002 09:10:21 -0500 (EST)
From: Ron Karlson <rkarlson@UDel.Edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Coral listers and BEMers: Thanks to the many respondents expressing
interest in the paperback edition of Dynamics of Coral Communities.
This effort took 3 years to be successful.  Kluwer should be contacting
respondents shortly.  Other interested individuals can go to:
http://www.wkap.nl/prod/b/1-4020-1046-X for more information.  Ron
Karlson
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Looking for Dr. Salim M. Al-Moghrabi in Jordan
Date: Wed, 20 Nov 2002 13:03:58 -0500
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral Listers,

I am looking for the coordinates of Dr. Salim M. Al-Moghrabi in Jordan.

If anyone knows where he is working now I would greatly appreciate an
email.

Thanks!!

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
~~~~~~~
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Subject: sea urchin spine lengths
Date: Thu, 21 Nov 2002 07:54:51 +0800
From: "Laurie Raymundo" <lauriejr@dgte.mozcom.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello, all:

I have a student who has made an interesting observation regarding =
variation in spine length in two populations of Tripneustes sea urchins
=
in seagrass beds of varying plant density.  We would like to do a quick
=
study to see if the variation in spine length is significant and =
possibly correlated with seagrass density, but have heard of no =
references regarding environmental influences on, or natural variation =
in, spine length in urchins.  If anyone out there knows of references, =
or has done some work on the topic, we would deeply appreciate reprints
=
or citations. We are very far from a decent library!

Thank you.

Laurie Raymundo

-----------------------------------
Laurie J. Raymundo, Ph.D.
Silliman University Marine Laboratory
Dumaguete City  6200
Philippines
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Subject: Harvard Law Article on Coral Reefs
Date: Thu, 21 Nov 2002 09:45:26 -0800 (PST)
From: Mary Davidson <marygraydavidson@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I corresponded with many of you during my research on
legal protections for coral reefs.  The article was
published this summer by the Harvard Environmental Law
Review.  It is now available at
http://oshadavidson.com/coral_reef_laws.pdf

Thank you all for your responses to my queries for
information.

Mary Gray Davidson

301 E. Maryland Ave.
Phoenix, AZ 85012

Tel: 602.263.5582
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Fw: Reef Balls
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 2002 10:58:45 -0500
From: "Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri" <avk.uneprcuja@cwjamaica.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

> This message was originally submitted by Ron Goodridge
> [mailto:Coastal_Planner@coastal.gov.bb] to GCFINet.
>
> Colleagues,
>
> Has anyone come across any articles (peer-reviewed or otherwise) on the
> impact of Reef Balls on the marine environment.  I think their use as
> FADs has been well documented.  However, I have had a hard time finding
> any information on the impact of Reef Balls on other coastal processes.
>
> Please point me in the right direction.  Thanks in advance for your
> assistance.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Ron Goodridge
> Coastal Planner
> Coastal Zone Management Unit
> Bay Street, St. Michael
> Barbados, West Indies
> Tel. (246) 228-5950/1/2
> Fax. (246) 228-5956
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Subject: RE: Web site on Fungiidae and their gastropod associates
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 2002 17:51:47 +0100
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Due to an error in the web site address mentioned in the previous
message, not everyone may have been able to access the site. Underneath
is the corrected version. Sorry for the inconvenience.

Bert

>               http://home.hetnet.nl/%7Eascidians/oio/mainframe.htm
>
>
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Web site on Fungiidae and their gastropod associates
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 2002 16:02:24 -0500
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Zeeteam" <ZeeTeam@naturalis.nnm.nl>

                Dear coral-listers

                We are studying the evolutionary history of mushroom corals
(Fungiidae) and some of their associated symbionts, gastropods belonging
to Epitoniidae (wentletraps) & Leptoconchus spp.
                See: http://home.hetnet.nl/%7Eascidians/oio/mainframe.htm).

                Their DNA will be sequenced, using specimens from various
places
throughout the Indo-Pacific. We would appreciate help from people who
have access to living material and who are willing to send us samples in
ethanol 96%. The mollucs can be stored completely, whereas from the
corals we only need fragments or soft tissue samples. More information
on the animals and the sampling is given in the web site. In case you
can help, please let us know what you need from us (vials, ethanol,
etc.).

                Bert W. Hoeksema
            Adriaan Gittenberger

Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema
Head, Department of Invertebrates
Coordinator Marine Research
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
P.O. Box 9517
2300 RA  Leiden
The Netherlands
Tel. +31.71.5687631
Fax +31.71.5687666
E-mail: Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Ship accused of crushing coral [Cargo ship smashed more than
     1,000 rare corals by dropping its massive anchor in prohibited area]
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 2002 16:04:27 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

(Pal
        m Beach Post, 11/2202)
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 2002 13:46:29 -0600
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Ship accused of crushing coral

   By Marc Caputo
      Staff Writer

   Palm Beach Post
   http://www.pbpost.com

   Friday, November 22, 2002

http://gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/friday/news.html
www.gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/friday/news_d3dd8bda513960cd00
2e.html

KEY WEST -- A world-roaming cargo ship smashed more than 1,000 rare
corals
at one of Florida's most pristine dive spots when, officials say, it
dropped its massive anchor in a prohibited area.

A survey of the 6,500-square-foot damage site, completed last week,
stunned
researchers with the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. The 15-ton
anchor flipped over corals that weigh more than 1,000 pounds and began
forming their star-shaped clusters before explorer Ponce de Leon sailed
over them.

"This is some of the greatest destruction of living coral I've ever seen
in
my life," said Harold Hudson, a biologist who conducted the survey. "It
was
heartbreaking."

For two decades, Hudson has surveyed some of the worst ship groundings
along the Keys -- the world's third largest barrier reef, which was
placed
under federal protection in 1997.

Just last week, the 3,000-square-mile sanctuary received international
recognition as a no-anchor zone for large ships. So from now on, all new
charts printed anywhere in the world are supposed to list five no-anchor
zones around the globe -- including the waters around the Keys.

The designation was too late for the 853-foot-long MSC Diego.

Cargo vessel cited

On Oct. 2, a Coast Guard patrol saw a big blip on its radar screen smack
in
the middle of the Tortugas Ecological Reserve. The site, off the Dry
Tortugas 70 miles west of Key West, borders a sought-after dive spot
known
as Sherwood Forest, so named because the ancient corals look like
mushrooms
and leafy plants. It is considered so environmentally sensitive that
even
fishing is prohibited.

The Coast Guard crew boarded the MSC Diego and informed the captain that
the area was a no-anchor zone, according to a Coast Guard report.

The captain of the Panamanian-flagged vessel said he was "unaware" of
the
rule because the zone wasn't listed on his chart, according to the
report.

The vessel was then cited for anchoring in violation of federal law.

Mediterranean Shipping Co., the second-largest cargo shipping firm in
the
world, owns the MSC Diego. Officials with the Geneva-based company
declined
to comment. Its attorney did not return repeated calls.

The marine sanctuary's superintendent, Billy Causey, said the company
has
been cooperative, having hired divers to help right the corals
"jelly-side
up" to save them.

The damage at the Dry Tortugas was not publicized. Causey acknowledged
that
the sanctuary doesn't want to damage its good relations with
Mediterranean
Shipping.

The company faces two maximum penalties of $119,000 for anchoring
illegally
and ruining coral. However, it could be liable for millions of dollars
in
damages, Causey said.

"We don't try to crucify companies or people," Causey said. "Our job is
focusing on restoration as quick as we can for the U.S. public because
it's
their coral, their sanctuary, that we're talking about here."

Declared sensitive area

Causey said last week's international designation of the sanctuary as
a "Particularly Sensitive Sea Area" should help prevent damage like that
caused by the MSC Diego. The initiative was pushed by the International
Maritime Organization, a United Nations division.

"Now, there are really no excuses for things like this," Causey said.
"This
literally puts us on the global map."

It's a necessity, Causey said, considering that 40 percent of all global
shipping traffic flows through the Florida Straits between Key West and
Havana. In the case of the MSC Diego, the captain was heading to
Freeport,
Bahamas after departing New Orleans. Officials couldn't explain why the
ship was anchored for about three days before it was spotted by the
Coast
Guard.

All along, the anchor skipped along the bottom while the giant chain
links -
- weighing up to 100 pounds each -- swung in a windshield-wiper motion
as
wind and current shifted the boat.

The Dry Tortugas, instrumental in the Union's maritime strategy in the
Civil War, has long been a spot for container ships to anchor and await
instructions on how to proceed.

All along, the bordering reefs have been a nuisance for ships. But it's
only benefited Florida and the Keys. In the 19th century, Key West
became
one of the wealthiest cites in the nation by salvaging vessels wrecked
on
the reef.

Today, the reef provides a prime tourist destination for thousands of
divers flocking to the area known as the "rain forests of the ocean."
Corals, which are invertebrates, take years to grow, especially if they
form external skeletons as with brain, star and elkhorn corals. They can
only exist in warm, clean waters.

Those conditions don't always exist off the Keys, where scientists have
documented diseases linked to runoff from Palm Beach County sugar farms
and
Keys septic tanks. As a result, average coral cover decreased from 10
percent of the sanctuary to 6.5 percent from 1996 to 2000.

The spot where the MSC Diego dropped its anchor had up to 60 percent
coral
coverage. One reason: There's little pollution and fewer divers to step
on,
snap off and anchor to the coral.

The nonprofit environmental group Reef Relief, which led the charge to
save
the reef from anchor damage, says there's hope. Founder Craig Quirolo
says
coral stands off the Keys, decimated by the disease White Pox that he
discovered, are coming back.

Quirolo said the damage at the Dry Tortugas, however, might be
irreparable.

"We're talking about hundreds of years of life getting plowed up because
some captain wasn't paying attention or didn't know where he was,"
Quirolo
said.

Still, marine sanctuary biologist Hudson said all's not lost. Dive teams
began flipping the corals right-side-up almost immediately after
authorities learned of the damage. In some cases, divers had to inflate
giant plastic bags to help lift the heaviest corals.

Until the MSC Diego's anchoring, the worst destruction along the reef
happened off the Lower Keys in 1997, when the 600-foot container ship
Houston ran aground in stormy weather, gouging 7,600-square-feet of
bottom
habitat.

Hudson said corals there are starting to come back. But, he says, he
fears
more accidents on the horizon -- even with the new international maps
demarcating the no-anchor zone.

"In the end, people make mistakes," Hudson said. "And regulations, sad
to
say, aren't always going to stop that. Unfortunately, it will probably
happen again."

 # # #

marc_caputo@pbpost.com

http://gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/friday/news.html
www.gopbi.com/partners/pbpost/epaper/editions/friday/news_d3dd8bda513960cd00
2e.html

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Subject: Re: Reef Balls
Date: Sun, 24 Nov 2002 15:55:16 +0200
From: "Shimrit Perkol" <sperkol@post.tau.ac.il>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Are there any scientific papers on Reef Balls performance? I f there
are, I
would appreciate the references.

Cheers!

Shimrit Perkol
PhD Student
Faculty of Life Science
Department of Zoology
Tel - Aviv University
Ramat- Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Reef Balls
Date: Sun, 24 Nov 2002 12:01:05 -1100
From: "mikerking" <mike@corl.org>
To: "Shimrit Perkol" <sperkol@post.tau.ac.il>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Some papers and information on studies concerning Reef Balls can be
found
at: http://www.artificialreefs.org/ScientificReports/research.htm

Hope this helps
Mike King
CORL
www.corl.org

----- Original Message -----
From: "Shimrit Perkol" <sperkol@post.tau.ac.il>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Sunday, November 24, 2002 2:55 AM
Subject: Re: Reef Balls

> Are there any scientific papers on Reef Balls performance? I f there
> are, I
> would appreciate the references.
>
> Cheers!
>
> Shimrit Perkol
> PhD Student
> Faculty of Life Science
> Department of Zoology
> Tel - Aviv University
> Ramat- Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject:
Date: Mon, 25 Nov 2002 15:09:00 -0000
From: "Spencer Shute" <spencer.shute@emulimited.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello,

I am interested in any records of coral disease off the UAE (Dubai and
Abu Dhabi in particular). Does anyone know of any sources of such
information (I understand white, yellow and black band disease has been
identified in the area).

Thanks very much,

Spencer

Spencer Shute
Marine Ecologist
Emu Ltd
Head Office
1 Mill Court
The Sawmills
Durley
Southampton
Hants
SO32 2EJ
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Subject: Coral steroid extraction
Date: Mon, 25 Nov 2002 16:39:06 -0000
From: Katrien Van Look <Katrien.VanLook@ioz.ac.uk>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear all,

I was wondering if anyone could give me some advice/direct me to
publications concerning the extraction of steroids from corals.  I have
been trying to extract oestradiol from a soft coral (Sinularia sp.)
using methanol or diethyl ether.  I partly followed the method of Ann
Tarrant (Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A, 1999), but did not use the celite
columns - is this a critical step?  Any help would be greatly
appreciated.

Thank you,
Katrien

-------------------------------------------------
Dr. Katrien Van Look
Institute of Zoology
Zoological Society of London
Regent's Park
London NW1 4RY
United Kingdom

Tel.: 020-74496640
Fax: 020-75862870
E-mail: katrien.vanlook@ioz.ac.uk
~~~~~~~
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Subject: International Society for Reef Studies - Elections 2002
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 12:19:05 +1000
From: Terry Done <T.Done@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I am happy to announce the results of elections for The International
Society for Reef Studies, held in September 2002.  New officers and
council
members will take up duties on January 1st 2003.

President: Nicholas V. C. Polunin
Vice President: Richard B. Aronson
Corresponding Secretary: Peter J. Mumby

Councillors:

Katharina Fabricius
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Tim McClanahan
Michel Pichon
Helmut Schuhmacher
Makoto Tsuchiya

Continuing officers and council members (until Dec 31 2004)

Treasurer - John Ware
Recording Secretary - Peter Edmunds

Jaime Garzon-Ferreira
Hajime Kayanne
Lucien Montaggioni
Kathleen Sullivan-Sealey
Helge Peter Vogt
Robert Van Woesik

Dr Terry Done
President
International Society for Reef Studies
c/-
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB #3 Mail Centre,
Townsville Qld          4810
Australia

Phone 61 7 47 534 344
Fax   61 7 47 725 852
email: tdone@aims.gov.au

Society Website www.uncwil.edu/isrs.

WEBSITE for 9th International Coral Reef Symposium
www.nova.edu/ocean/9icrs
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Proceedings 9ICRS
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 15:28:50 +1000
From: Terry Done <T.Done@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral listers,

I am happy to announce that the Proceedings for the 9th International
Coral Reef Symposium will be printed in January 2003.  The Proceedings
will be  provided without extra cost to full registrants.  Other copies
will also be available for purchase, and for donation to institutions in
developing
countries.

Commencing December 2, 2002 please see www.aims.gov.au/9icrs for:

Online purchase
Change of address forms
Donation request form (developing countries)
Table of Contents

Proceedings of the Ninth International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali,
Indonesia, October 23-27 2000.
M.K. Kasim Moosa, S.Soemodihardjo, A.Nontji, A.Soegiarto, K.
Romimohtarto, Sukarno and Suharsono.
      (Editors) Published by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences in
cooperation with the State Ministry for Environment'.

The proceedings will be published in two volumes totaling around 1300
pages and 200 papers.  They are available from February for persons who
paid for full registration at the Symposium (at no extra cost), and for
sale at Aus$300. A limited number is also available for donation to
institutions in developing countries, through the generosity of the
Indonesian Organizing Committee, the Government of Indonesia, and the
International Society for Reef Studies.
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Subject: RE: Coral Diseases observed in the UAE
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 11:52:39 -0600
From: Bradley.A.Tarr@saj02.usace.army.mil
To: spencer.shute@emulimited.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Spencer,

We observed some black coral disease along with massive bleaching during
reef assessments off Abu Dhabi in September 1997. Some references that
might
be of assistance to you are listed below:

Korrubel, J. (1966) A New Coral Disease from the Southern Arabian Gulf.
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/korrubel.html.

Riegl, B. (2001) Effects of the 1996 and 1998 positive sea-surface
temperature anomalies on corals, coral diseases and fish in the Arabian
Gulf
(Dubai, UAE). Mar. Biol., vol. 140, pp. 29-40.

Antonius, A. (1988) Distribution and dynamics of coral diseases in the
eastern Red Sea. Proc. Sixth Int. Coral Reef Symposium, 8-12 August
1988,
Townsville, Australia, vol. 2, Contr. Papers Mini-Symposium, 1-10-14,
pp.
293-298.

Antonius, A. (1985) Coral diseases in the Indo-Pacific: A first record.
P.S.Z.N.I:-Mar.-Ecol.. vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 197-218.

Cooney, R. P., O. Pantos, M. D. A. Le Tissier, and J. C. Bythell (2002)
Characterisation of the bacterial consortium associated with Black Band
Disease in coral using molecular microbiological techniques. In: Brooks,
S.,
T. Spencer, K. Teleki, and M. Taylor (eds.), Abstract Volume, European
Meeting of the International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS), University
of
Cambridge, England, 4-7 September 2002, p. 20.

Kline, D. , M. Breitbart, N. Knowlton, and F. Rohwer (2002) Growth
characteristics of the coral associated bacterial community in healthy,
stressed, and diseased corals. In: Brooks, S., T. Spencer, K. Teleki,
and M.
Taylor (eds.), Abstract Volume, European Meeting of the International
Society for Reef Studies (ISRS), University of Cambridge, England, 4-7
September 2002, p. 54.

Brad Tarr
U.S.Army Corps of Engineers
Planning Division, Environmental Branch
P.O. Box 4970
Jacksonville, FL 32232-0019

-----Original Message-----
From: Spencer Shute [mailto:spencer.shute@emulimited.com]
Sent: Monday, November 25, 2002 10:09 AM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:

Hello,

I am interested in any records of coral disease off the UAE (Dubai and
Abu Dhabi in particular). Does anyone know of any sources of such
information (I understand white, yellow and black band disease has been
identified in the area).

Thanks very much,

Spencer

Spencer Shute
Marine Ecologist
Emu Ltd
Head Office
1 Mill Court
The Sawmills
Durley
Southampton
Hants
SO32 2EJ
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

------_=_NextPart_001_01C29574.9CB50850
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META HTTP-EQUIV=3D"Content-Type" CONTENT=3D"text/html; =
charset=3DUS-ASCII">
<META NAME=3D"Generator" CONTENT=3D"MS Exchange Server version =
5.5.2653.12">
<TITLE>RE: Coral Diseases observed in the UAE</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Spencer,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>We observed some black coral disease along with =
massive bleaching during reef assessments off Abu Dhabi in September =
1997. Some references that might be of assistance to you are listed =
below:</FONT></P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Korrubel, J. (1966) A New Coral Disease from the =
Southern Arabian Gulf.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2><A =
HREF=3D"http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/korrubel.html" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/korrubel.html</A>.</=
FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Riegl, B. (2001) Effects of the 1996 and 1998 =
positive sea-surface</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>temperature anomalies on corals, coral diseases and =
fish in the Arabian Gulf</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>(Dubai, UAE). Mar. Biol., vol. 140, pp. =
29-40.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Antonius, A. (1988) Distribution and dynamics of =
coral diseases in the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>eastern Red Sea. Proc. Sixth Int. Coral Reef =
Symposium, 8-12 August 1988,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Townsville, Australia, vol. 2, Contr. Papers =
Mini-Symposium, 1-10-14, pp.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>293-298.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Antonius, A. (1985) Coral diseases in the =
Indo-Pacific: A first record.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>P.S.Z.N.I:-Mar.-Ecol.. vol. 6, no. 3, pp. =
197-218.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Cooney, R. P., O. Pantos, M. D. A. Le Tissier, and J.
=
C. Bythell (2002)</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Characterisation of the bacterial consortium =
associated with Black Band</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Disease in coral using molecular microbiological =
techniques. In: Brooks, S.,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>T. Spencer, K. Teleki, and M. Taylor (eds.), =
Abstract Volume, European</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Meeting of the International Society for Reef =
Studies (ISRS), University of</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Cambridge, England, 4-7 September 2002, p. =
20.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Kline, D. , M. Breitbart, N. Knowlton, and F. Rohwer =
(2002) Growth</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>characteristics of the coral associated bacterial =
community in healthy,</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>stressed, and diseased corals. In: Brooks, S., T. =
Spencer, K. Teleki, and M.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Taylor (eds.), Abstract Volume, European Meeting of =
the International</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Society for Reef Studies (ISRS), University of =
Cambridge, England, 4-7</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>September 2002, p. 54.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Brad Tarr</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>U.S.Army Corps of Engineers</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Planning Division, Environmental Branch</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>P.O. Box 4970</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Jacksonville, FL 32232-0019</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>-----Original Message-----</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>From: Spencer Shute [<A =
HREF=3D"mailto:spencer.shute@emulimited.com">mailto:spencer.shute@emulim=
ited.com</A>]</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Sent: Monday, November 25, 2002 10:09 AM</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Subject: </FONT>
</P>
<BR>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hello,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>I am interested in any records of coral disease off =
the UAE (Dubai and</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Abu Dhabi in particular). Does anyone know of any =
sources of such</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>information (I understand white, yellow and black =
band disease has been</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>identified in the area).</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Thanks very much,</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Spencer </FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=3D2>Spencer Shute </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Marine Ecologist</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Emu Ltd</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Head Office</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>1 Mill Court</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>The Sawmills</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Durley</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Southampton</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>Hants</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>SO32 2EJ</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>~~~~~~~</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to =
coral-list or the</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=3D2>digests, please see <A =
HREF=3D"http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html" =
TARGET=3D"_blank">http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html</A> =
.</FONT>
</P>

</BODY>
</HTML>
------_=_NextPart_001_01C29574.9CB50850--
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Subject: Job posting: marine debris specialists
Date: Tue, 26 Nov 2002 09:59:24 -1000
From: "Kevin Wong" <Kevin.Wong@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii
JIMAR/NMFS CORAL REEF/MARINE DEBRIS SPECIALIST - ID# 22596
CG#-3888
Hawaii - Oahu - (Honolulu)
Close Date: 12/27/02

Job Summary:

School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), Joint
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR). Twelve (12)
Regular, Full-Time, limited term of approximately eight (8) months to
start approximately March 1, 2003, RCUH Non-Civil Service positions,
located at the National Marine Fisheries Service Honolulu Laboratory
(NMFS-HL) in Honolulu, Hawaii. Continuation of employment is dependent
upon program/operational needs, satisfactory work performance, and
availability of funds. Minimum Monthly Salary: $2,425.00. Duties:
Coordinates and plans logistics for field research and marine debris
removal activities of the Honolulu Laboratory's multi-agency program to
assess, monitor, restore and protect coral reef ecosystems of the U.S.
Pacific Islands. Prepares, maintains, and troubleshoots research
equipment including scuba diving gear, digital video cameras, small
boats and motors, and other scientific equipment needed for field
operations including oceanographic moorings. Conducts underwater surveys
of reef fish, benthic habitat, and marine debris using snorkeling and
SCUBA and towed diving sleds. Processes, scores and analyzes digital
video footage of underwater urveys and prepares summary reports. Assists
with marine debris removal activities and prepares and delivers
presentations for educational outreach.

Qualifications Required:

Bachelor's degree from an accredited four (4) year college or university
in Marine Science, Marine Biology, Zoology, Biology, Botany,
Oceanography, Geography (GIS), Computer Sciences, or related field
involving studies of marine science or coral reef ecosystems. At least
one (1) year of experience in marine research which included utilizing
marine underwater survey techniques. Previous experience at
sea for extended periods of time (2 weeks or more) aboard oceanographic
research or fisheries vessels. Working knowledge of and ability to
identify marine organisms and quantify abundances using underwater
survey techniques. Knowledge of routine statistical procedures to
perform data analyses. Knowledge of word processing, spreadsheet and
graphics programs. Must complete NOAA diver and NOAA working diver
certification which includes meeting the physical, watermanship,
academic, and experience requirements. Ability to work independently and
make decisions ensuring that dive operations are conducted safely.
Possess a valid driver's license. Must possess strong interpersonal
skills to work with research crews consisting of government and
non-government multi-agency employees and protocol. Must be able to pass
forklift and small boat operator training. Able to work long hours
outdoors at various captive facilities and remote locations, aboard
research vessels and aboard small boats (15-20') in coastal and oceanic
waters. Able to lift up to 50 pounds of scuba gear and equipment. Must
be able to obtain medical clearance for working on NOAA research vessels
or other appropriate vessels and for NOAA diving requirements.

Qualifications Desired:

Previous experience in small boat handling, maintenance, and repair.
Experience with outboard motors, SCUBA compressors, and repair of each.
Experience with underwater videography. Ability to assist in esigning
underwater biological and habitat surveys. Experience with identifying
marine reef fish underwater, particularly Indo-Pacific species. Working
knowledge of ArcView geographic information system (GIS), MS Word or
WordPerfect, Excel, and Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop. Experience with
Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and data.

Education:
College Degree.
Salary:
$2,425.00  Month
Position Type:
Full-time

Inquiries:

Kevin Higaki, 956-7729 (Oahu). Application Requirements:

Send cover letter (note ID#22596) and referral source with narrative on
your qualifications for the position, resume with salary history, the
names, phone numbers, and addresses of three supervisory references, and
copy(ies) of degree(s)/transcripts/certificate(s) used to qualify for
position via: 1) email: rcuhhrapply@rcuh.com 2) fax: (808) 956-5022 or
3) mail: Director of Human Resources, Research Corporation of the
University of Hawaii, 2530 Dole Street, Sakamaki Hall D-100, Honolulu,
HI 96822. See www.rcuh.com for additional information on employment.
Closing Date: December 27, 2002. EEO/AA
Employer.

Contact Information:

Research Corporation of the University of Hawaii2530 Dole Street,
Sakamaki Hall, D-100, Honolulu, Hawaii  96822, Phone: 808-956-3100, Fax:
808-956-5022, E-mail:  rcuhhrapply@rcuh.com
Web Site: http://www.rcuh.com

Apply on line:
http://www.careergiant.com
Job ID = 3888
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: ICRS 2004
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 16:37:20 +0800
From: 10th ICRS <icrs@plando.co.jp>
To: <icrs@plando.co.jp>

Dear Sir/Madam,

We are honored to be the host of 10th International Coral Reef
Symposium(ICRS).

The 10th ICRS is scheduled from June 28 to July 2, 2004 in Okinawa,
Japan.  We have the pleasure to invite you to participate in the
activities of the symposium.

You can find the details of this symposium at

        http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004.

Through this site, a pre-registration and a proposal for a
mini-symposium are being accepted.
Deadline on a proposal for a mini-symposium is on 30 January, 2003, and
the program of the symposium and call-for individual papers will be
shown around June 2003 at the same site.

Please visit our site and we are looking forward to receive your
participation at the 10th ICRS in Okinawa.

Thank you.

Sincerely yours,

----------------------------------------------------------
Secretariat for 10th ICRS
Plando Japan Inc.
401 Daimon Urbanist, 2-3-6 Shibadaimon, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 105-0012, Japan
Tel: 81-3-5470-4401@Fax: 81-3-5470-4410
e-mail: icrs@plando.co.jp
Web site: http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004
----------------------------------------------------------

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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: ReefDispatch: Protections Asked for Gulf of Mexico Groupers
Date: Wed, 27 Nov 2002 10:03:45 -0400
From: ReefKeeper International <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
To: List / Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

R E E F D I S P A T C H
-----------------------
For Immediate  Release:
  November 27, 2002

****************************************************************
* Protections Asked for Gulf of Mexico Groupers                *
* Conservation Group Requests Comprehensive Grouper Management *
****************************************************************

Miami, Florida -- Precautionary and comprehensive management for
groupers in the Gulf of Mexico is being called for by ReefKeeper
International, the coral reef conservation organization.  The public
interest group has formally petitioned the Gulf of Mexico Fishery
Management Council and the National Marine Fisheries Service for further
protection of these species, including spawning season fishing closures
and no-take zones.  "Groupers need enhanced and unified management now
in order to provide greater protection to species that are at risk of
becoming overfished or even endangered," stated ReefKeeper Director
Alexander Stone.  Action on the ReefKeeper requests is under
consideration by the Gulf Council, but their acceptance is uncertain.
To generate public support for protective grouper management, the
conservation group is hosting a Save America's Groupers internet
petition campaign at http://www.reefguardian.org.

According to a November 2000 study by the American Fisheries Society,
the country's oldest and largest fisheries science organization, 11 of
the 15 grouper species in the Gulf of Mexico are now vulnerable to
extinction.  "The best scientific information available indicates that
most grouper stocks in the Gulf of Mexico are at serious risk of
collapse," stated ReefKeeper's Stone.  "Precautionary fishery management
measures must be put in place now, before it is too late," he added.

ReefKeeper International has presented the Gulf of Mexico Fishery
Management Council with formal requests to implement a unified set of
precautionary  management measures for all grouper species until further
scientific information is available to manage each species
individually.  The conservation group has asked that all Gulf of Mexico
grouper species be provided with science-based overfishing limits,
partial spawning season fishing closures, no-take zones centered around
spawning aggregation sites, and scientific stock assessments to
determine the current condition of their populations.  In addition,
ReefKeeper has also asked for adoption of rebuilding plans for badly
overfished Nassau and Goliath grouper stocks.  The group's requests are
under consideration as part of the Gulf Council's present development of
Amendment 18 to its Reef Fish Fishery Management Plan.  "The federal
legal deadline for establishing overfishing limits and developing
rebuilding plans came and went four years ago," complained Stone. "No
further delays should be tolerated," he continued.

Out of the 15 grouper species fished in the Gulf of Mexico, only red
grouper, gag grouper and yellowedge grouper have ever had their
population conditions assessed.  The Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management
Council Council does not actually know the present condition of any
other grouper stocks under its jurisdiction.  Due to limited staff and
resources, it would take many years to close that information gap.   "To
compensate for the lack of stock information on individual grouper
species, we're asking that management measures be applied collectively
to all shallow-water groupers as one multi-species complex, and to
deep-water groupers as another," commented ReefKeepr Director Stone.
"Fishing quotas and management decisions for each of the 2 complexes
could then be based on the known population condition of an indicator
species in each of the 2 complexes," Stone explained.

Groupers tend to aggregate in large groups during spawning months, which
makes them easy targets for fishermen. There is concern that this
decreases the reproductive success of groupers each year, leading to
further annual declines in their populations. ReefKeeper has called for
complex-wide grouper fishing closures during part of the Spring
shallow-water grouper complex spawning season as well as part of the
Fall deep-water grouper complex spawning season.  "These closures would
protect each and every Gulf grouper species during some part of its
spawning season, leading to greater reproductive success and increases
in grouper populations," said the ReefKeeper spokesman.

In addition, ReefKeeper International has requested that no-take closed
areas be considered now as a complementary management tool for grouper
species in the Gulf of Mexico.  According to the group, precautionary
measures such as closed areas are needed to offset management risk for
the many grouper species with population condition assessments still
pending.

The ReefKeeper grouper management requests are being considered for
adoption under Amendment 18 to the Gulf of Mexico Reef Fish Fishery
Management Plan.  To generate public support for  the requests,
ReefKeeper is seeking sign-ons to a Save America's Groupers
petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html.
"America's groupers need greater protection now, before they are all
overfished or put at risk of extinction," ReefKeeper Director Alexander
Stone concluded.

                            #      #      #

Contacts:
ReefKeeper International / Alexander Stone, Director
(305) 358-4600 or a_stone@reefkeeper.org

Gulf of Mexico Fishery Mgmt Council / Wayne Swingle, Executive Director
(813) 228-2815 or Wayne.Swingle@gulfcouncil.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: New Member
Date: Thu, 28 Nov 2002 17:27:32 -0200
From: "Clauber Bonalume" <clauber@formulafoto.com.br>
To: "Lista Coral Reef" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hi, as a new member of this list I would like to introduce myself and =
ask some help, if available.

I'm an assistant (dive) instructor an also a Chemist. I just passed the
=
exams to master degree in one great university here in Campinas =
(Brazil), the UNICAMP.

My area is physical chemistry and I'd like to work with something =
related to the environment but in my area of expertise. I was told that
=
many of the members of this list are scientists so I'd like to ask if =
any of you have a suggestion for my tesis' subject. Is there anything =
that a physical chemist can do to help coral reef?

Appreciate any help.

Thank you,
Clauber Bonalume.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: coral tissue stainning
Date: Sun, 1 Dec 2002 16:10:24 -0500
From: "Juan Torres" <jltorres38@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello coral listers,

I would like to know if anyone have some information about how to stain
coral tissue (specially gonads) without going through the whole process
of  histology. The idea is to use a dissecting microscope instead of a
compound  one.  Any information will be appreciated.

Thanks,
Juan L. Torres
University of PR
Dept. Marine Sciences
~~~~~~~
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Subject: MANAGEMENT OF CORAL DISEASES
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:23:16 -0500
From: "Andy Bruckner" <Andy.Bruckner@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral List Readers,

NOAA Fisheries has published a NOAA Technical Memorandum on coral
diseases entitled Priorities for Effective Management of Coral
Diseases.  This paper was originally developed as a white paper was for
the Coral Disease and Health Consortium workshop held in Charleston last
January, and it is also available as a PDF file on the new CHAMP coral
disease website (http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease).

The paper summarizes much of the available information on coral disease
epizootiology, including a compilation of all disease names that have
appeared in the literature, information on the distribution and
prevalence of the major coral diseases affecting  Western Atlantic coral
reefs, rates of tissue loss reported for these coral diseases and
monitoring approaches that have been used to study disease
epizootiology.

The paper is divided into two sections: 1) Key priorities for effective
management;  and 2) proposed strategies to address management needs for
coral diseases.  Each of these sections is broken down into seven major
themes:

1) Early warning systems
2) The spatial distribution and temporal variations of coral disease
outbreaks
3) Relationships with environmental factors, anthropogenic stresses and
natural disturbances
4) Standardized nomenclature to describe, identify and differentiate
diseases
5) Factors that facilitate the occurrence, spread and transmission of
pathogens
6) Effects on population dynamics, community structure and ecosystem
function
7) Measures to mitigate disease impacts

Anyone that is interested in receiving a hard copy of the paper please
contact :

Andy Bruckner
NOAA/NMFS
Office of Protected Resources
1315 East West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910
andy.bruckner@noaa.gov

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Subject: Univ of Hawaii faculty position in marine resources and the
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:29:16 -0500
From: "Dr. Robert A. Kinzie III" <kinzie@hawaii.edu>

Pacific
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Dear coral list:

Please respond to the address in the ad not to me.

Aloha
Bob Kinzie
_________________________________________________________________________

The University of Hawaii Department of Geography seeks to fill a
full-time, 9-month, tenure-track faculty position in the area of marine
resources with a regional focus on the Pacific. The appointment is
expected to be at the level of assistant professor, is to start August
2003, and is contingent on position clearance and funding. Applicants
with any combination of interests and expertise consistent with the
foregoing will be viewed with great interest.  The Department is
particularly keen to receive applications from those working at the
interface of the natural and social sciences, or able to apply such
sciences to policy- or management-relevant questions.  Applicants are
expected to hold a doctorate in geography or a relevant field at the
time of appointment. Salary range: $36,720-54,336 per year, commensurate
with qualifications and experience.  Applications should include a
letter of introduction describing the candidate's research and teaching
interests, a CV, and the names and contact information of three
individuals who can provide references. Review of applications will
begin on January 20, 2003, and continue until the position is filled.

Applications should be addressed to:

        Chair of the Personnel Committee
        Dept. of Geography
        Saunders Hall 445
        Honolulu, HI 96822.

EEO/AA employer. Also posted at http://workatuh.hawaii.edu.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Allergy to corals?
Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:31:18 -0500
From: "Micky V. Schoelzke" <micky.schoelzke1@libertysurf.fr>
To: "coral list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello to the list,

I have a question that some people on the list may be able to answer. I
have, like all people
involved in coral physiology studies, been crushing up, boiling and
"water-picking" coral samples. Once, I have been stung by a jellyfish (A
mediterranean Noctiluca) and had a strong reaction to it (cold sweating,
shivering, headache, nausea). The next day, I cleaned the coral tanks I
was working on (Stylophora pistillata) and my arms became very swollen,
red and I felt I was going to pass out. After that, I had to wear gloves
to handle coral samples and crush them up for analysis. Only the smell
of broken corals made me sneeze and my eyes became irritated. I was
wondering if the jellyfish sting had something to do with the reaction:
if yes, it would be the Cnidarian venom that was the cause of the whole
thing. Maybe some researchers of the list would have details about the
physiological resaons for that or would have had the same problem. As
even a sting from a very small jellyfish triggers the reaction (and all
you people you have been night-diving know that it is not easy to avoid
small zooplancton jellys), I would be interested to know if there would
be a cure...

thanks for your answers, feedback and advices,

Micky Schoelzke
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Subject: Marine Biologist Position - Hawaii
Date: Wed, 04 Dec 2002 08:23:44 -1000
From: Robert Kinzie <kinzie@hawaii.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral list:

Please respond to the address in the ad not to me.

Aloha
Bob Kinzie
_________________________________________________________________________=

The Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii invites marine
biologists to apply for a tenure-track ASSISTANT PROFESSOR position.

Research interests and experience should include tropical marine
animals, and complement present departmental strengths; desirable areas
include community or population ecology and evolutionary biology.
Teaching responsibilities include a new undergraduate course in the
biology of marine organisms, an advanced course in the individual's
specialty and participation in a topics course in marine biology.
Applicants must have a Ph.D. in biological sciences, evidence of
significant research accomplishments, and commitment to quality teaching
in a new undergraduate marine biology degree program.

To apply send letter of application, curriculum vitae, statement of
research, statement of teaching philosophy and the names, addresses, and
email of three references to: Marine Biologist Search Committee,
Department of Zoology, 2538 McCarthy Mall; University of Hawaii,
Honolulu, HI  96822.

Direct inquiries to zoology@hawaii.edu.  To receive full consideration,
applications must be received by February 1, 2003; however, review of
applications will continue until position is filled.

EEO/AA Employer.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Ichthyology Position - Hawaii
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 07:01:33 -0500
From: Robert Kinzie <kinzie@hawaii.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

 Dear coral list:

 Please respond to the address in the ad not to me.

 Aloha

 Bob Kinzie

_________________________________________________________________________

The Department of Zoology at the University of Hawaii invites marine
ichthyologists to apply for a tenure-track ASSISTANT PROFESSOR position.

Research interests and experience should include tropical marine fishes
and complement existing department strengths; desirable areas include
community or population ecology, and evolutionary biology and
systematics.  Teaching responsibilities will include an introductory
undergraduate ichthyology course, and an advanced course in the
individual's specialty.

Applicants must have a Ph.D., evidence of significant research
accomplishments, and a commitment to teaching.

To apply send letter of application, curriculum vitae, statement of
research accomplishments and goals, statement of teaching philosophy and
the names, addresses, and email contacts of three references to:
Ichthyology Search Committee, Department of Zoology, 2538 McCarthy Mall;
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI  96822.

Direct inquiries to zoology@hawaii.edu.

To receive full consideration, applications must be received by February
1, 2003; however, review of applications will continue until position is
filled.

EEO/AA Employer.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: A. Bruckner's Disease Manuscript link
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 08:58:51 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers,

    Some of you have had trouble locating the exact link for Andrew W.
Bruckner's NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OPR-22, entitled "Priorities
for Effective Management of Coral Diseases."  Please be advised that the
more precise link is:

http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease/cdhc/man_priorities_coral_diseases.pdf

    I hope this helps.

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee

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Subject: Fluorescent organisms on reef - identification help needed
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 22:10:27 -0500
From: "Charles Mazel" <mazel@psicorp.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral List,

My group is engaged in research on fluorescence effects in marine
organisms.  As part of recent fieldwork we observed and photographed
several instances of fluorescence (or non-fluorescence) in various
sponges, crabs, shrimp, tunicates, etc. Some we have identified, but the
range of diversity puts many of the organisms outside our area of direct
expertise.  I would appreciate any help that any of you might be able to
offer in making better identifications.  You can find a list of the
specimens we need immediate help with, with links to pages with
photographs and location information, at
http://www.psicorp.com/mazel/database/helpsummary.htm. Please respond
directly to me so as not to burden the group.  I welcome any dialogue on
the sources or functions of fluorescence in any of these organisms.

Regards,

Charles Mazel

----------------------------------------------
Charles Mazel
Principal Research Scientist
Physical Sciences Inc.
20 New England Business Center
Andover, MA 01810
(978) 738-8227 (direct)
(978) 689-0003 (switchboard)
(978) 689-3232 (fax)
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Subject: Re: Allergy to corals?
Date: Thu, 5 Dec 2002 22:13:28 -0500
From: EricHugo@aol.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Apologies to the list if I am forgetting an earlier thread from
coral-list,  but I can't recall if it was posted or whether I got an
email directly on  this subject in the past.

I am responding to the list because this is the second time I have heard
of  what appears to be aerosolized antigens from corals inducing
allergic  response.   The first was from a gentleman who had boiled
corals to clean  their skeleton. I'm curious about others inputs here as
I did not initially  suspect that the first case could have been as was
described, but this post now gives me pause.

Micky, I am aware of numerous people who have developed hypersensitivity
to cnidarians ad other marine venoms, including polychaetes. I don't
know if Meredith Peach is on this list, but I believe she stated in an
email she became hypersensitive to Goniopora toxin (secondary
metabolite, not nematocysts). Also, following fire coral envenomations,
type IV delayed  hypersensitivity reactions (poison oak-ish) seem pretty
common judging by the  number of emails I have gotten from people being
stung and having symptoms  months afterwards. Also, during a field trip
with a class to Belize, four of  about fifteen students were stung by
Cassiopeia (many had ripe gonads at the  time) and developed anaphylaxis
and were overnighted in a hospital.   That's a huge percentage.

What kind of therapy you would use depends on the hypersensitivity
reaction - some are IgE mediated, with antigen cross-linking IgE's bound
to mat cells and basophils   causing degranulation and setting off
cascades. Type II are IgG mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity where
antibody directed against cell surface antigens mediates cell
destruction   via complement or ADCC, but this is probaby not likely to
be what is happening in your case. Type III are immune complex mediated
hypersensitivities where antigen-antibody complexes are depostied in
tissues and induce complement activiation with an inflammatory response
characterized by large scale neutrophil invasion. Type IV are
cell-mediated hypersensitivities where special T cells release cytokines
activating macrophages or Tc cells that cause the response. Because
three of these may describe what you have, and each has its own
characterisitics, an hence different treatments, I'd probably visit an
immunologist and get some blood work done to determine the best course
of therapy.   Hopefully manageable without carrying epi-pens with you
from this point onward.

Hope this was of some help.   Good luck.

Eric Borneman
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Program in Ecology and Evolution
University of Houston
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Subject: Position for a Cell BIologist to work on Corals
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 08:12:16 -0500
From: Tony Larkum <alark@mail.usyd.edu.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Position announcement:  Cell Biologist to Work on Coral Symbiosis School
of Biological Sciences and Electron Microscope Unit,  University of
Sydney

We are seeking to fill a short-term graduate/postdoctoral position (6-12
months) in the area of marine cell biology. The project focuses on the
mechanisms of recognition and signaling between the membranes of
cnidarian hosts and their algal intracellular symbionts, as well as on
break-down in these mechanisms (coral bleaching).The position will be
offered, based on experience. A BS/BSc degree in marine biology, cell
biology or related fields is a minimum. Required: excellent experimental
skills in the preparation and handling of biological samples and
extensive experience in isolation and characterization of membrane
components,  particularly gel electrophoresis, immuno-labelling,
fluorescence-labelling, etc.  Also preferably experience with or
willingness to learn microarray and proteomic technologies, and light
(confocal) and TEM microscopy skills. Experience in field-work on coral
reefs and diving qualifications would be helpful but are not required.

Applicants with any combination of interests and expertise consistent
with theforegoing will be viewed with great interest.

Appointment will be for 6-12 months beginning Jan to Mar, 2003
Salary range:AU $30,000-45,000 per year, commensurate with
qualifications and experience.

Applications should include a letter of introduction describing the
candidate's research experience relevant to the project, interests, a
CV, and the names and contact information of at least two individuals
who can provide references.

Letters of application to:
Professor Anthony Larkum
Heydon-Laurence Building (A08)
School of Biological Sciences
University of Sydney
NSW 2006, Australia
Email: alark@mail.usyd.edu.au
Fax: +61 2 9351 4119

Prof. A.W.D. Larkum
Acting Director, Sydney University Biological Informatics and
Technology Centre (SUBIT)
School of Biological Sciences
Heydon-Laurence Building (A08)
University of Sydney
NSW 2006
Australia

Tel 61 2 9351 2069
Fax 61 2 9351 4119

http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SUBIT/
http://www-personal.usyd.edu.au/~alark
http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/admin/staff/larkum.html
http://www.com.univ-mrs.fr/IRD/cyano
http://www.larkumnet.freeserve.co.uk/
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Subject: Coral trade
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 08:14:15 -0500
From: "Ruby Moothien Pillay" <kamlaruby@intnet.mu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear coral list,

I know of a company eagerly wishing to take coral fragments (all
species)  from the wild and grow them for the export market.  Any
comments?  Examples of such activity elsewhere?  Does it work without
too much impacting on the reef?

Thanks

Ruby Moothien Pillay
Project Officer
Mauritius Oceanography Institute
4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433
~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: coral-list-digest V7 #99
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 10:27:23 -0500
From: Jack Sobel <jsobel@oceanconservancy.org>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

The announcement of the new CHAMP Coral Disease Web-site and NOAA
Fisheries publication of Andrew Bruckner's "Priorities for Effective
Management of Coral Reef Diseases" caught my eye and I was able to
locate both.  I gave both a quick look and they appear very worthwhile,
but raised a question in my mind.  Both the site's coverage (below) and
the report's coverage of Environment and Coral Diseases seemed to
recognize the potential linkage between anthropogenic impacts/decline in
environmental quality (especially water quality) and coral disease, list
a number of potential water quality stressors that may be responsible
and state limited data to support these, but fail to raise fishing or
overfishing impacts as having similar potential linkages to coral
disease outbreaks, although these too have been suggested in published
literature.  Shouldn't this potential linkage also be a priority for
research....especially for a fisheries agency?  If fishing impacts are
connected to coral disease outbreaks, either independently of or
synergistically with water quality, data may remain limited until they
are investigated.

>From CHAMP Coral Disease Site:

Environment and Coral Diseases
One of the most important, yet least understood, aspects of coral
disease is the relationship between disease incidence and the
environment. While it has been suggested that the recent increase in
coral diseases is associated with a decline in reef environmental
quality, very little quantitative work has been carried out in this
area. We now know that five coral diseases are positively correlated
with high water temperature - these are bacterial bleaching, black band
disease, plague, aspergillosis and dark spots disease.  Nutrient
(sewage) input, sedimentation, and runoff have all been cited as
correlated with disease incidence, however in almost all of these
reports no data are provided. Only two quantitative studies to date have
revealed statistical relationships between water quality factors and
disease prevalence. Kim and Harvell (2002) demonstrated positive
correlations between the prevalence of aspergillosis and both elevated
dissolved inorganic nitrogen and slightly lower water clarity. Kuta and
Richardson (in press) found that black band disease incidence was
correlated with elevated concentrations of nitrite (and lower
concentrations of soluble reactive phosphate). This research area is
critical.

A. Bruckner's Disease Manuscript link
------------------------------

Date: Wed, 4 Dec 2002 08:23:16 -0500
From: "Andy Bruckner" <Andy.Bruckner@noaa.gov>
Subject: MANAGEMENT OF CORAL DISEASES

Dear Coral List Readers,

NOAA Fisheries has published a NOAA Technical Memorandum on coral
diseases entitled "Priorities for Effective Management of Coral
Diseases".  This paper was originally developed as a white paper was for
the Coral Disease and Health Consortium workshop held in Charleston last
January, and it is also available as a PDF file on the new CHAMP coral
disease website (http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease).

The paper summarizes much of the available information on coral disease
epizootiology, including a compilation of all disease names that have
appeared in the literature, information on the distribution and
prevalence of the major coral diseases affecting  Western Atlantic coral
reefs, rates of tissue loss reported for these coral diseases and
monitoring approaches that have been used to study disease
epizootiology.

The paper is divided into two sections: 1) Key priorities for effective
management;  and 2) proposed strategies to address management needs for
coral diseases.  Each of these sections is broken down into seven major
themes:

1) Early warning systems
2) The spatial distribution and temporal variations of coral disease
outbreaks
3) Relationships with environmental factors, anthropogenic stresses and
natural disturbances
4) Standardized nomenclature to describe, identify and differentiate
diseases
5) Factors that facilitate the occurrence, spread and transmission of
pathogens
6) Effects on population dynamics, community structure and ecosystem
function
7) Measures to mitigate disease impacts

Anyone that is interested in receiving a hard copy of the paper please
contact :

Andy Bruckner
NOAA/NMFS
Office of Protected Resources
1315 East West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910
andy.bruckner@noaa.gov

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------------------------------
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Subject: Coral trade (cont)
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 11:59:09 -0500
From: "Ruby Moothien Pillay" <kamlaruby@intnet.mu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral list

Iam getting quite a lot of response from my posting on the coral trade
issue.  I am so very  concerned because Mauritius was one of the few
islands in the Indian Ocean that was mildly affected by the 1998
bleaching event.  If such kind of trade is now going to have huge
impacts on the corals, then not only the corals are going to be more
susceptible to all sorts of environmental perturbations , but would also
no longer be a potential source of larval supply to the region (if
Mauritius still escapes future bleaching episodes as it did last time).
Iam told that CITES does not permit trade in corals, so does this mean
that such kind of trade does not exist any where else in the world ?

Ruby Moothien Pillay
Project Officer
Mauritius Oceanography Institute=20
4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
Quatre Bornes, Mauritius=20
Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Central Pacific Coral Reef Sounds
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 2002 14:01:38 -1000
From: "Andy Collins" <Andy.Collins@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Aloha All,

I am looking for underwater recordings of Central Pacific coral reefs.
Preferrably on good recording media, without scuba or other external
sounds.  Basically the ambient sound of the reef, that kind of static
cacophany most of you probably are well familiar with.  If anyone has
recordings of this please contact me, we are looking to use this
material in a Coral Reef Learning Center we are building in Hilo,
Hawai`i.

Thanks,

--
Andy Collins
Education and Outreach Coordinator/Webmaster
NOAA/NOS Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve
6700 Kalaniana'ole Hwy. # 215
Honolulu, HI 96825
---------------------------
Ph: (808)397-2659
Cell (808)347-8144
Fx: (808)397-2662
http://hawaiireef.noaa.gov
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Subject: coral farms
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 21:03:16 -0500
From: "Janet Ley" <janet.ley@bigpond.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Ruby & coralisters,
    There was a demonstration coral farm set up in the Philippines, and
=
a
small book has been written about it.  It seems to me that the growing =
should be good
enough that after first getting fragments from the wild, they don't have
=
to
keep taking more from the wild.  Because that would be a coral fishery =
in
disguise, not a coral farm.  One problem is that any transplanting =
always
has a proportion of colonies die.  Anyhow, the reference to the booklet
=
is:
Heeger T, Sotto F  (2000)  Coral Farming: a tool for reef rehabilitation
=
and
community ecotourism.  German Ministry of Environment.  94 pages.
    CITIES doesn't forbid trade in corals, mainly because individual =
coral
species are by and large not endangered (reefs are, not most coral =
species, at least not yet).  So for instance,
Indonesia exports hundreds of tons of corals per year for use in =
aquariums in
the US and Europe.  However, CITIES permits are required from the =
governments of both
exporting and importing countries.  The idea was to support governments
=
in
their attempts to control the trade and keep it from destroying reefs.
If coral farms work as they are intended, they should be able to not =
take
anything but starting stock from the reefs, and even produce corals to
re-plant damaged reefs with.  As to whether anyone has been able to do =
that,
that may be an open question.
    An alternative for coral farming might be to put out objects such as
tiles or artificial reefs for coral larvae to settle on, then move them
=
to the farm.  This would
require no damage to existing corals and would add to the total living
corals, but would require more time and one could not pick which species
would settle.  A related strategy would be to harvest from the =
artificial reefs.  There is also the possiblity of using spawn slicks to
=
provide
large numbers of larvae, if there is mass spawning and spawn slicks can
=
be found.
-Doug Fenner
Australian Institute of Marine Science
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Subject: Re: Coral trade
Date: Fri, 6 Dec 2002 16:08:58 -1100
From: "mikerking" <mike@corl.org>
To: "Ruby Moothien Pillay" <kamlaruby@intnet.mu>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Ruby

 Have them give me a call at CORL's USA office 616-363-6991 our web site
is www.corl.org  We help many coral farms to get started and have been
developing a program that uses the marine ornamental industry to pay for
reef recovery projects and would be glad to lend them a hand if
possable.

Michael R. King
Director of CORL
The Coalition of Reef Lovers

----- Original Message -----
From: "Ruby Moothien Pillay" <kamlaruby@intnet.mu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Friday, December 06, 2002 2:14 AM
Subject: Coral trade

> Dear coral list,
>
> I know of a company eagerly wishing to take coral fragments (all
> species)  from the wild and grow them for the export market.  Any
> comments?  Examples of such activity elsewhere?  Does it work without
> too much impacting on the reef?
>
> Thanks
>
> Ruby Moothien Pillay
> Project Officer
> Mauritius Oceanography Institute
> 4th floor, France Centre, Victoria Avenue
> Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
> Tel:+427 4434  Fax: +427 4433
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
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Subject:
Date: Sat, 7 Dec 2002 08:52:53 -0500
From: "Mike Risk" <riskmj@mcmaster.ca>
To: "Janet Ley" <janet.ley@bigpond.com>

<coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: coral farms
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

There are coral farms and coral culture schemes all over the world now.
I worked with an ADB team in Indonesia on the COREMAP project in 1995.
When we worked out the economics of coral farming as an alternative
employment scheme for migratory tribes like the Bugis and Badjo, we
estimated that the rate of return on investment from a properly-run farm
(larvae on tiles) was 50% per annum. This is somewhat better than the
North American stock market has done, in recent times...

All the more reason to shut down illegal wild-harvesting. All the
Indonesian trade is illegal-plus ca change.
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Subject: Volunteer needed
Date: Sun, 8 Dec 2002 15:04:23 -0500
From: "David Zakai" <dudu.zakai@nature-parks.org.il>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Israel Nature & Parks Authority and the InterUniversity Institute for
Marine Sciences in Eilat are seeking for a volunteer to work on a coral
reproduction project and conservation. The project is involved
maintenance and measurements of coral reproduction output in the lab and
field (Northern Red-Sea/Gulf of Aqaba).

Qualifications needed:

Diving license with good buoyancy skills
Basic technical skills
Accuracy and diligence

The project is for 6 months period starting from end of December 2002
beginning of January 2003.

We cover: dormitory housing, insurance and transportation during the
work time.

We do not cover: Airfare in and out from Eilat or Israel and meals.

Academic internship credit is possible.

Please send your CV via email to D. Zakai dudu.zakai@nature-parks.org.il
ASAP.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: economic valuation coral reefs
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2002 10:59:32 -0500
From: Herman Cesar <herman.cesar@ivm.vu.nl>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear coral listers,

I am currently putting together a data-base with all the economic
valuation studies on coral reefs.  Below is a list of all the articles
we have collected so far. If you know of any other article, please let
me know. We will eventually put the data-base on the web (www.ceec.nl).
I am working with Bob Leeworthy at NOAA who has already a similar
data-base on the web (www.marineeconomics.noaa.gov/Reefs/reeflit1.html
<http://www.marineeconomics.noaa.gov> ) and who will expand this
database also based on this coral-list request. Here is the list. Thanks
for any additions (please send to herman.cesar@ivm.vu.nl).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1  Arin, T. (1998), Estimating the Tourist Demand………

2  Attzs, M. ( 2001), Economics and Coral Reef………..

3  Bappenas (1996), Recreation values of tourists………..

4  Barbier, E.B. (2000) The values of wetlands: ………

5  Bell, Bonn, Leeworthy (1998) Economic Impact and Importance ………

6 Berg, H.; Ohman, M.C. et al. (1998) Environmental Economics of Coral
……..

7 Brock, R.E. (1994) Beyond fisheries enhancement: …….

8 Brown, N. A. (1995) Revenue Generation for Marine ………

9 Bunce, L. Gustavson, K. R. (1998) Coral Reef Valuation: A Rapid
………..

10 Bunce, L, Gustavson, K., et al. (1999) The Human Side of Reef
Management:..

11 Car, L.//Mendelsohn, R. (2001) Valuing coral reefs: A travel cost
……….

12 Cartier, C. Ruitenbeek, J. (2000) Montego Bay Pharmaceutical
………

13 Cesar, Herman (1996) Economic Analysis of Indonesian……..

14 Davis, Derrin; Tisdell, Clem (1995) Recreational scuba diving ……

15 Davis, Derrin; Tisdell, Clem (1996) Economic Management of ………

16 Davis, Derrin; et al. (1995) Scuba divers, economics, ecology…….

17 de Groot, R.S. (1992) Functions of nature: evaluation of ………

18 Dharmaratne, Gerard., Brathwaite, A.E. (1998) Economic valuation of
the coastline…

19 Dixon, J. A., Scura, L. F., van't Hof, T. (1993) Meeting Ecological
and Economic…

20 Dixon, J. A. (1993) Economic Benefits of Marine Prot…..

21 Dixon, J.A.; Scura, L.F., et al.an't Hof (1995) "Ecology and
Microeconomics as….

22 Downie, D.L. et al. (1996) Protecting coral reefs in Aqaba: ….

23 Driml, S. (1999) Dollar Values and Trends of Major ….

24 Driml, Sally. (1994) Protection for Profit: Economic ….

25 English, D. B. K., Kriesel, et al. (1996) Economic Contribution of
Recreation..

26 Farrow, Scott (1996) Marine protected areas: emerging …

27 Fernandes (1995) Integrating economic, environmental ….

28 Font, Antoni Riera (2000) "Mass Tourism and the Demand …

29 GEF/UNDP/IMO (1999) Total economic valuation: coastal …

30 Goodman, S.L.,Seabrooke, W., et al. (1998) Considering Conservation
Value in …

30a Graham, T. (1998) The Value of Diving and the Impact of Coral
bleaching......

31 Gustavson, K. R. (2001) Economic Production from the …

32 Gustavson, K.R. (1998) Values Associated with the Local …

33 Gustavson, K., Richard, M. H., et al. (2000) Integrated Coastal Zone
…..

34 Hatcher, A.I., Wright,G.D.,Hatcher, B.G. (1990) Resolving the
conflict between ….

35 Hawkins, J.P.//Roberts, C.M. (1993) Effects of recreational scuba
diving….

36 Hoagland et al. (1995) A methodological review of net …

37 Hodgson, G.//Dixon, J. (1988) Logging Versus Fisheries and ….

38 Hodgson, Gregor and Dixon, John A. (1992) "Sedimentation Damage to
Marine ….

39 Hundloe, T.A, Vanclay, F.M., Carter, M. (1987) Economic and
Socio-Economic ….

40 Hundloe, Tor (1990) Measuring the Value of the Great ….

41 Johns, G. M, Leeworthy, V. R. et al. (2001) Socioeconomic Study of
Reefs in …

42 King, Kenneth//Giesen, Wim (1997) Incremental costs of wetland ….

43 King, Oliver (1995) Esimating the value of marine ….

44 Kinhill Economics (1997) Dollar Values and Trends of Major ….

45 Leeworthy, V. R.Vanasse, P. (1999) Economic Contribution of ….

46 Leeworthy, V. R. Wiley, P. C. (1997) A Socioeconomic Analysis of the
….

47 Leeworthy, V. R. Wiley, P. C. (2000) Proposed Tortugas 2000 ….

48 Leeworthy, V. R.//Wiley, P. C. (1996) Importance and satisfaction
ratings ….

49 Leeworthy, Vernon R. (1991) Recreational Use Value for John ….

50 Leeworthy, Vernon R. Bowker, J. M. (1997) Nonmarket Economic User
Values….

51 Lipton, D. W.Wellman, K. F. (1995) Economic valuation of natural ….

52 Mathieu, L. (1998) The economic value of marine ….

53 McAllister, Don E. (1988) Environmental, Economic and ….

54 McClanahan (1999) Is there a future for coral reef….

55 McManus, JW (1992) Social and Economic Aspects ….

56 McManus, JW (?) Future Prospects for Artificial ….

57 Medio, D.,Ormond, R.,Pearson, M. (?) Effect of briefings on rates of
….

58 Moberg, F.; Folke, C. (1999) "Ecological Goods and Services….

59 Moncur, J.E.T. (?) The value of recreation areas…

60 Ngazy, Z.M.  et al. (2001) Recreational coral bleaching and the …

61 Othman, J. (2001) Estimating the recreational benefits….

62 Peachy, A. (1998) An economic analysis of water….

63 Pendleton, L.H. (1995) Valuing coral reef protection

64 Pet, J.S. et al. (1997) Catch, effort and sampling strategies …

65 Pet-Soede, C., H.Cesar, J.S. Pet (1999) An economic analysis of bla
st fishing…

66 Pham, K.N.//Tran, T.H.S. (2001) Analysis of the recreational value
of…

67 Polunin, N.V.C, C.M. Roberts (1993) Greater biomass and value of
target….

68 Rijsberman, F. Westmacott, S. (2000) Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of
Coral ….

69 Riopelle, Mark (1995) The Economic Valuation of Coral ….

70 Rudd, M.A. Tupper, M.H. (2002) The impact of Nassau Grouper size….

71 Rudd, M.A. (2001) The non-extractive economic value….

72 Rudd, M.A. et al. (?) Are marine protected areas in the ….

73 Ruitenbeek, J. et al. (?) Interventions for coral reef….

74 Ruitenbeek, J. et al. (1999) Optimization of economic policies….

75 Sawyer, D. (1992) Taka Bone Rate: Management, …

76 SeenPrachawong, U. (2001) An economic analysis of coral …

77 SeenPrachawong, U. (?) Putting a price on paradise:…

78 Spash, Clive, et al. (2000) Lexicographic Preferences and …

79 Spurgeon, James P. G. (1992) The Economic Valuation of Coral Reefs

80 Spurgeon, James P. G. (1998) The socio-economic costs and….

81 Stoll, John R. Ditton, Robert B. (2002) Sport Diving and It's
Economic….

82 Subade, R.F. and W.L. Campos (1999) Valuation of coral reef systems:
….

83 Sudara, S. et al. (?) Tourism for economic gain in the ….

84 Tabata, R.S. Reynolds, E. (1995) Hawaii's recreational dive
industry:….

85 Usher, Gramham (1997) How much are Indonesia's reefs worth?

86 Vogt, H. (?) The economic benefits of tourism ….

87 Weber et al. (1996) Managing a coral reef ecosystem in ….

88 Westmacott, S//Rijsberman, F. (2000) Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of
Coral ….

89 White, Alan T., Barker, et al. (1997) Using Integrated Coastal
Management…

90 White, A.T.; Vogt, H.P. et al. (2000) "Philippine Coral Reefs Under
Threat:…

91 White, Alan (1989)Two community-based marine….

92 White, Alan (1987) Coral Reefs: Valuable resources….

93 Wilkinson et al. (1999) Ecological and socio-economic…

94 Wright, Matthew G. (1994) "An Economic Analysis of Coral ….

95 Yeo, B.H. (2001) The recreational benefits of coral….

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Best regards,

Herman Cesar

~~~~~~~
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Subject: The Three Screen Doors
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 2002 13:14:42 -0500
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-Listers,

Just a note to let you know the article:

Jameson SC, Tupper MH, Ridley J (2002) The three screen doors: can
marine
"protected" areas be effective? Marine Pollution Bulletin
44(11):1177-1183.

is now out in the November issue of the Marine Pollution Bulletin.

If you would like a reprint or PDF version via email please let me know.

Abstract

The great majority of marine protected areas (MPAs) fail to meet their
management objectives. So MPAs can be effective conservation tools, we
recommend two paradigm shifts, the first related to how they are located
and the second related to how they are managed. MPAs are unlikely to be
effective if they are located in areas that are subject to numerous, and
often uncontrollable, external stressors from atmospheric, terrestrial,
and oceanic sources, all of which can degrade the environment and
compromise protection. MPA effectiveness is also limited by low
institutional and community capacity for management and inappropriate
size with respect to ecological needs. In particular, the check list
approach to management does not ensure that key threats are dealt with,
or that management expenditures provide a quantifiable return. We
recommend a business planning approach to MPA management, in which
managers focus on the viability of the management system, i.e. the
ability of the MPA to provide ecological goods and services to its
target
users over the long term.

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
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Subject: Course Announcement
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2002 10:38:35 -0500
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Advanced Courses in Tropical Marine Sciences
Mote Marine Laboratory's Center for Tropical Research
12-20 July, 2003

The following course is being offered for advanced undergraduates and
graduate students. Working professionals desiring to gain current
information in these topic areas are also encouraged to apply. The
course will be limited to 12 students.

*************************************************************************

Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms

 Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., Tetra Tech, Inc.
 Robert B. Jonas, Ph.D.George Mason University

Description: During the last two decades, the potential for severe
impacts
to coral reef populations and communities from the effects of various
diseases has been recognized. Diseases have been described affecting
corals, fish, coralline algae, and sea urchins, sometimes with
wide-ranging effects. This course will introduce students to the field
of
pathobiology of marine organisms. The focus of lectures, dives and
laboratory sessions will be on diseases affecting hard corals, but
information will also be presented on diseases of other reef organisms.
Methods of studying diseases will include collection of field monitoring
data and physiological, histological and microbiological techniques. The
course will provide students with a state-of-the-art overview of reef
pathobiology, experience with relevant techniques, and an understanding
of
the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its study.

Prerequisites: College level biology courses and SCUBA certification are
required. Divers must meet AAUS standards for "Diver-in-Training"
status.
This includes medical clearance, completion of forms and acceptance by
the
Mote Marine Laboratory Diving Safety Officer. Divers coming from AAUS
institutions will need a letter of reciprocity from their Dive Safety
Officer attesting to their dive status. All divers will have an in-water
check-out prior to final approval for course diving. Courses in
invertebrate zoology, microbiology, ecology, chemistry, biochemistry,
physiology, histology or marine sciences will be very helpful.

Credit: Mote Marine Laboratory does not offer credit, however, it may be
possible to arrange credit through your home institution for directed
studies, research courses, etc. Consult your faculty advisor. It is also
possible to obtain 3 credit hours from George Mason University, Fairfax,
VA. For information on credit requirements, contact Dr. Peters
(epeters2@gmu.edu) and contact Dr. Jonas (rjonas@gmu.edu)concerning
registration procedures and tuition fees.

Costs: The course fee of $1,100.00 US includes all course materials,
accommodations, meals (dinner, 7/12 through breakfast on 7/20), SCUBA
costs
and weights. Participants should provide mask, fins and snorkel and, if
diving, their own regulator, BCD and weight belt (rentals can be
arranged
if required).

Key  Dates
 28 March, 2003 Application receipt deadline.
 18 April, 2003 Email notification of acceptance and packets, including
                dive forms, mailed out.
  2 May,   2003 Deposit ($300.00) receipt date.
 13 June,  2003 Last day to withdraw with deposit refund. Balance and
                dive forms due.
 12 July,  2003 Course starts.

The application form may be printed (or copied and emailed) from our
Website:

          http://www.mote.org/~emueller/ctrhome.phtml

For more information or to submit applications, contact:

        Course Director                 email: ctr-info@mote.org
        Mote Marine Laboratory
        Center for Tropical Research
        24244 Overseas Highway
        Summerland Key, FL 33042

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 745-2729
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 745-2730
Center for Tropical Research        Email: emueller@mote.org
24244 Overseas Highway (US 1)
Summerland Key, FL   33042

Center Website-> http://www.mote.org/~emueller/CTRHome.phtml

Mote Marine Laboratory Website-> http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Request for Photographs
Date: Tue, 10 Dec 2002 11:22:13 -0500
From: <moonwrasse2001@yahoo.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

We would be very grateful for any photographs on the following topics.
We are developing some public information materials for distribution to
our member dive centres so we would require permission by you to use
these photos. If you could attach low resolution images to an email and
then at a later date perhaps we could arrange transfer of a larger file
or negatives. Of course we would credit any pictures used.

Thanks in advance

Underwater pictures of snorkellers trampling on the reef or walking over
the reef table.
Pictures of Reef Fish and Invertebrates for Sale
Pictures of reef curios for sale
Beaches or underwater scene strewn with plastic rubbish
A beach or underwater clean-up group
Anchors on the reef
A cut open shark stuffed with plastic bags
A turtle eating a plastic bag
Any other amazing images you want exposure for.

William Templeman
The Moonwrasse Programme
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral mining in Okinawa, Japan
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 2002 10:34:17 -0500
From: Anita Daley <adaley@coral.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Hello Listers,

I am wondering if anyone has any environmental impact data on harvesting
coral from "above the sea" in Okinawa, Japan (also known as Sango
Coral).  More specifically, I am wondering if the process of mining
coral calcium from dead coral (that is harvested from the land) harms
the living reefs.

Data on the process of vacuuming broken off coral from the ground around
live reefs (below water) would be great as well.  There are a lot of
coral calcium retailer web sites that say this vacuuming process is
actually good for the reef, helping the reefs "grow faster" but I'm
picturing sediment issues, disturbance of habitat and other potential
side effects of this vacuuming.

I know the topic of coral mining went around a while ago and my
apologies if this is a revisited subject.  Any leads and/or contacts
would be much appreciated.

Thanks,

Anita Daley

Ps-  the Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002 was just released.
Here's
the link:
<http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/coral-bleaching/scr2002/scr-00.html>

___________________________________________________________

Anita Daley
International Coral Reef Information Network (ICRIN) Manager
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, California 94104 USA
Tel: (415) 834-0900, ext. 313
Fax: (415) 834-0999

"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."

CORAL site <http://www.coral.org>
ICRIN site: <http://www.coralreef.org>
___________________________________________________________

Have you updated your organization's information in our on-line
"International Directory of Coral Reef Organizations" database?  Please
do!
This is a free resource for non profit groups, scientists, international
institutions/agencies, funders and educators who work on coral reef (and
related ecosystems) issues.  Please visit:
http://directory.coralreef.org/
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Oil rigs produce fish, coral, live rock, and endangered species
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 08:09:45 -0500
From: "stevekolian" <stevekolian@cox.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

habitat
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Dear Listers,

We collected still photos from videos filmed below offshore oil and gas
=
platforms in Gulf of Mexico and put them on the website below. The =
videos contain many interesting events. We tried to pick some still =
photos from the video that represent our findings. Someday we'll post =
the videos on the site.=20

  http://www.towersoflife.com/ecorigs

The photos demonstrate that coral, protected invertebrates,  ~30 species
=
of federally managed fish, and endangered sea turtles colonize offshore
=
platforms in significant numbers. We have recorded 7 species of =
Damselfish Pomacentridae which are laying eggs on the platforms and =
because of the location of the platforms, the fish rely on the =
artificial structures for the duration of the lives.  We are observing a
=
large and diverse community of Caribbean fish and invertebrates.

The interesting point is that there are no natural reef recruitment =
areas near the platforms on film. They exist on thousands of sq miles of
=
turbid ocean floor.  Its possible that larvae may drift to the platforms
=
from the Flower Gardens, however it is unlikely that adult obligatory =
reef species are traveling 50-100 km to these platforms.=20

We are finding that platforms are serving as a surrogate nesting grounds
=
to the drifting larvae of several species of Wrasse Labridae, =
Parrotfishes Scaridae, Butterflyfish Chaetodontidae, Anglefish =
Pomacanthidae, and Surgeonfish Acanthuridae. We are recording =
post-larval, juveniles, and large populations of adults.

There is much more, please take a look and click on http://

www.towersoflife.com/ecorigs

If you have any questions or you see any mistakes, please inform me by =
email:

Best Regards,

Steve Kolian
Environmental Scientist Rm 5514
Louisiana Dept of Environmental Quality
P.O. Box 82178=20
Baton Rouge, Louisiana  70884-2178
225-765-0339 work
225-292-9514 home
steve_k@deq.state.la.us
stevekolian@cox.net
~~~~~~~
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Subject: NOAA Economic Statistics Book link
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 09:53:16 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Greetings,

    I thought you'd be interested in looking at the following
publication, the NOAA Economic Statistics Book, which has many useful
statistics that you can use in your research and publications:

    http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/worldsummit/pdfs/economicstats.pdf

    Cheers,
    Jim

~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: coral reef courses announcement
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 12:14:35 -0500
From: Richard Zingmark <zingmark@biol.sc.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

ANNOUNCEMENT!

CORAL REEF FIELD COURSES
OFFERED BY THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

SUMMER SESSION 1 (JUNE 3 - JULY 3, 2003)

MARINE SCIENCE (BIOLOGY) 577 - Ecology of Coral Reefs (4 hours)
                      Dick  Zingmark, Professor
(Prerequisite: consent of instructor). Structure, productivity,
biological diversity, and geographic distribution of coral reef,
seagrass, and mangrove communities, with emphasis on their sensitivity,
stability, and sustainability. Five lecture hours per week plus daily
field-laboratory exercises.

MARINE SCIENCE 585  - Coastal Tropical Oceanography (4 hours)
                    Bjorn  Kjerfve, Professor
(Prerequisite: consent of instructor).  Descriptive oceanography of
mangrove and coral reef coasts with emphasis on physical processes.

WANT A DIFFERENT KIND OF SUMMER SCHOOL EXPERIENCE?  HOW ABOUT A 8 HOURS
OF MAJOR CREDIT COURSES THAT COMBINE CLASSROOM LECTURES WITH FIELD
LABORATORY AND RESEARCH EXPERIENCES AT A PREMIER CARIBBEAN REEF
LOCATION?  SUCH EXPERIENCES ARE POSSIBLE, IF YOU REGISTER FOR BIOL OR
MSCI 577 AND MSCI 585 DURING SUMMER 1.  LECTURES WILL BE GIVEN ON CAMPUS
AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA, COLUMBIA FOR 2 WEEKS, FOLLOWED BY A
2 WEEK FIELD TRIP TO AKUMAL, MEXICO (YUCATAN PENNINSULA).

COSTS:  The cost for enrollment in this program is expected to be $1,500
plus University of South Carolina tuition and laboratory/technology
fees. The course fee covers round trip air travel from Columbia, local
transportation, room, board, diving and other course expenses at our
destination. All USC students, regardless of which campus they normally
attend, must register for these summer courses through the Columbia
campus. Currently, summer tuition for undergraduates at USC-Columbia is
$178 per credit hour for residents of South Carolina, $457 per credit
hour for non-residents and $244 per credit hour for non-resident
scholarship recipient. Current tuition for resident and non-resident
graduate students is $209 and $443 per credit hour respectively, and a
total per semester cost of $389 for graduate assistants. An additional
$41 will be assessed each student for each course to cover mandatory USC
laboratory and technology fees.

SCUBA AND SNORKELING OPPORTUNITIES:  SCUBA diving and snorkeling
opportunities will be part of the field experience.  SCUBA certification
is required for diving but is not a prerequisite for nor a requirement
of the courses.  Students interested in diving are urged to complete an
approved SCUBA certification course prior to 1 June.  Each snorkeling
participant is expected to bring a mask, snorkel, fins, and snorkeling
vest.  SCUBA participants must bring the above items plus regulator,
buoyancy compensator (BCD) weight belt, depth gauge, and underwater
watch.  Tanks, backpacks, and weights are furnished.

APPLICATION:  Participation in these courses is limited to 18 students;
thus, early application is urged. A check deposit of $500 must accompany
applications due on Friday, February 14, 2003. Space in the courses
cannot be guaranteed to late applicants, although late applications will
be considered until spaces are filled. Checks should be made payable to
the University of South Carolina and mailed/given to Ms Shannon Gilbert,
Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
29208. Deposits will be refunded if the course is canceled for some
unlikely, unforeseen reason. Deposits are otherwise not refundable if a
student at a later date decides not to enroll in the courses. The $1,000
balance of the enrollment fee is due on or before 3 May. In the unlikely
event that air fares or other field fees increase significantly before
our departure, a surcharge may be added. Tuition and lab fees will be
billed separately by the Office of Records and Registration at the
University of South Carolina.  Surplus funds remaining after course
expenditures are satisfied will be used to subsidize future coral reef
courses.

FURTHER INFORMATION: Contact Dr. Richard Zingmark at (803) 777-4873, his
office (EWS 601), or zingmark@sc.edu , or Dr. Bjorn Kjerfve at (803)
777-2572, his office (EWS 508), or bjorn@msci.sc.edu

WEB SITE:  http://www.msci.sc.edu/Classes/SumI2003.asp
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: White plague pathogen is a new genus
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 2002 14:01:10 -0500
From: Laurie Richardson <richardl@fiu.edu>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

> Dear coral listers - for those interested in coral diseases, we have
> a new paper out in IJSEM (International Journal of Systematic and
> Evolutionary Microbiology) in which we describe the pathogen of white
> plague as a new bacterial genus (and species).  The link (from the
> IJSEM homepage, and fully citeable) is below.  Please note that the
> pathogen, described earlier as "most closely related to the genus
> Sphingomonas", has now been fully characterized and is formally called
> Aurantimonas coralicida.  Laurie Richardson

> Aurantimonas coralicida gen. nov., sp. nov., the causative agent of
> white plague type II on Caribbean scleractinian corals, by E. B. M.
> Denner, G. Smith, H.-J. Busse, P. Schumann, T. Narzt, S. W. Polson, W.
> Lubitz & L. L. Richardson. IJSEM Papers in Press, published online 13
> December 2002. DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02359-0
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Coral Tissue Slide Reading Workshop
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 2002 10:52:56 -0500
From: McCarty and Peters <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>
To: Coral Reef List Server <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear All,

A 3-day workshop on reading histoslides of coral tissues will be
presented following the course "Diseases of Corals and Other Reef
Organisms."

The workshop will be held at Mote Marine Laboratory's Center for
Tropical Research (CTR), Summerland Key, Florida.  It will begin on
Monday, July 21, and end on Wednesday, July 23, 2003.  These dates were
selected to accommodate travel plans for those who might be attending
the 7th International Conference on Coelenterate Biology (July 7-11) and
the disease course (July 12-20), although slight shifts in scheduling
might be possible.

Based on availability of microscopes, at this time the session is
limited to five participants.  Students attending the disease course
will be accepted first, then others.

Lecture and slide-reading sessions will alternate, to cover the
following
topics:

        Introduction to histology and histopathology

        Techniques for the preparation of coral tissues for
                light and electron microscopic examination

        Coral anatomy and histology

        Histopathology of diseased corals

Participants are encouraged to bring their own histoslides for
discussion.  Scleractinian corals will be the primary focus, but other
tropical cnidarian groups could also be discussed.

Cost of the workshop will be $460 for professionals and $320 for
students (includes instructor fee, materials, CTR daily lab fee).  Rooms
will be available at CTR for an additional $30 per night plus taxes.
The participant will be responsible for paying for all meals and travel
expenses to/from CTR.

Please let me know if you would like to participate in this workshop.
(DO NOT REPLY TO THE CORAL-LIST, send to:

        mccarty_and_peters@compuserve.com)

Esther Peters, Ph.D.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Aquarium Trade Monitoring at ITMEMS 2
Date: Mon, 16 Dec 2002 13:19:18 -0500
From: Craig Shuman <cshuman@ucla.edu>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

The recent postponement of ITMEMS 2 till March has given us the
opportunity to change the session previously entitle "Collection
Fisheries" to one that is focused exclusively on monitoring for the
marine aquarium trade.  We would like to use this opportunity to discuss
the monitoring program that has been developed for MAC certification and
how it is being applied to ensure the sustainable extraction of marine
ornamentals.

We welcome all interested parties to take part in this session as we
feel there is much to be learned from the international application of
the monitoring methods.  Please let me know if you are interested in
participating in this case study so I can make the appropriate
arrangements with the ITMEMS 2 organizing committee.  In addition,
please help distribute this message to other interested parties.

Thank you,
Craig Shuman

<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Craig Shuman
Reef Check Scientist

Reef Check-UCLA
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall Box 95-1496
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA

Tel: 310-869-6574               Fax: 310-825-0758
Email: cshuman@ucla.edu   Web: www.ReefCheck.org
--=====================
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Tropical Biology Summer Field Course
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2002 11:07:47 -0500
From: Norman Quinn <nquinn@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I would like to invite list members wishing to learn more about tropical
invertebrates to consider participating in the course offered below. The
course is a 2nd year university level course.

                          Tropical Marine Invertebrate Biology

Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
University of the West Indies
29 June - 14 July 2003

Faculty:  Prof. Peter F. Newell, Former Head of Dept of Biology,
University of the South Pacific
          Dr. Barbara L. Kojis, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Virgin
Islands
          Dr. Norman J. Quinn, Discovery Bay Marine Lab, University of
the West Indies
          Dr. George F. Warner, Center for Marine Science, University of
the West Indies

Course Aims:

            To increase students' knowledge of the biology and
biodiversity of marine invertebrate animals and of methodologies for
marine biological fieldwork through intensive, direct experience. At the
end of the course the students will be able to identify marine species
within a range of invertebrate phyla. They will understand aspects of
the biological relationships between these species and their
environments and will be able to apply field and laboratory techniques
to study these relationships. They will become proficient at scientific
record keeping.

Instruction by a widely experienced faculty will be by extensive
fieldwork, lectures, and laboratory practicals. This is a 4 credit 2nd
year University of the West Indies course and may be transferable to
other universities.

Application:

            The course is open to undergraduates and graduates who have
taken at least one year of biology - invertebrate zoology and ecology
are recommended. All students must be confident of their swimming
skills. Students with scuba certification are encouraged to enroll and
will be able to utilize those skills in field activities. Applications
should include a cover letter with a paragraph describing why you are
interested in the course, transcripts, and two letters of
recommendation. Applications will be reviewed on 20 April 2003. Late
applications will be considered if space permits. Applications may
either be sent by post or email. Scholarships are available to assist
those who have trouble meeting the full tuition fees.

Facilities:

            The Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory is a research and
teaching institution of the University of the West Indies, ideally
located for studies of coral reef environments. It has easy access to a
shallow-water lagoon, rocky shores, shallow and deep coral reefs and
fossil Pleistocene coral reefs. Diving equipment includes scuba tanks,
several boats, compressors, a double lock hyperbaric chamber, digital
imaging lab, wet lab, several dry labs, library and workshops.
Accommodations include a 10 room dormitory and apartment block. Research
space is available to investigators, students and courses from other
institutions. For details of fees and space availability contact:

Norman J. Quinn, Ph.D.
Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
PO Box 35
Discovery Bay, St. Ann
Jamaica

phone + (876) 973-2241
fax   +(876) 973-3091

replay nquinn@uwimona.edu.jm
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Contact information for Cruz Matos
Date: Tue, 17 Dec 2002 11:49:25 -0500
From: "Lindsey C Williams" <Lindsey.C.Williams@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello-

I am currently trying to track down an address for Cruz Matos, one of
the authors of the Puerto Rico report in The State of Coral Reef
Ecosystems of the US and Pacific Freely Associated States: 2002.  I seem
to have exhausted all my leads so far.  Please contact me if you have a
mailing address or an e-mail address.  Thank you for your help.

Best,
Lindsey

Lindsey Williams
Coral Reef Conservation Program
NOAA's National Ocean Service
Lindsey.C.Williams@noaa.gov
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Subject: pelagic larval durations of reef fish
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 07:54:34 -0500
From: "Mark Tupper" <mtupper@guam.uog.edu>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>,
     "Scientific forum on fish and fisheries" <FISH-SCI@SEGATE.SUNET.SE>

Apologies for cross-postings.

Dear Listers,

I am looking for information on pelagic larval durations for the
following species.  Due to the passage of Supertyphoon Pongsona, our
library is currently closed, so any information you could provide would
be most helpful.

Mulloidichthys flavolineatus
Parupeneus multifasciatus
Acanthurus lineatus
Acanthurus triostegus
Naso lituratus


Also, if anyone has any information on the fecundity of the two
goatfishes, that would be useful as well.

Thanks for your time,

Mark Tupper

Dr. Mark Tupper, Assistant Professor
Chair, Graduate Program in Biology
University of Guam Marine Laboratory
UOG Station, Mangilao, Guam 96923, USA
tel (671) 735-2185; fax (671) 734-6767
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/tupper.html

Coordinator, Marine Protected Areas Research Group
http://www.uog.edu/marinelab/mpa/index.html
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Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 11:38:30 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers,

    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:

    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
    b. Overfishing
    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease

    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.

    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).

    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list admin
~~~~
*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
August 1999.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: RE: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 12:13:16 -0500
From: "Brad Rosov" <brosov@TNC.ORG>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

An obvious land based source of pollution would be poorly treated
sewage.  At least one previous study in the Florida Keys (Rose et al.,
1999) have cited high levels of enterococcus bacteria and viral
pathogens in canal waters.  It was strongly suspected that the source
stemmed from leaky septic tanks built upon the porous limestone
foundation of the Keys.  Preliminary results from a similar study was
released today (see keysnews.com) in local Florida Keys newspapers.
This study, conducted by The Nature Conservancy, showed that extremely
high levels of enterococcus bacteria were present in canals immediately
following a heavy rain event.  It is theorized that accumulated
wastewater can be flushed out following a heavy rain or high tidal
surge.  I do not know of any direct effects of sewage on the coral reef
tract, however there seems to be that possibility.

Brad Rosov
Marine Conservation Program Manager
The Nature Conservancy of the Florida Keys
brosov@tnc.org <mailto:brosov@tnc.org>
(305) 745-8402 office
(305) 304-6275 cell

-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Jim Hendee
Sent: Wednesday, December 18, 2002 11:38 AM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution

Dear Coral-Listers,

    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:

    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
    b. Overfishing
    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease

    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.

    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).

    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list admin
~~~~
*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
August 1999.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: FW: New study finds Keys canals polluted (two stories)
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 16:11:27 -0500
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: "'Brad Rosov'" <brosov@TNC.ORG>

Subject: New study finds Keys canals polluted (two stories).

Dear Coral- List:

Below are copies of the news articles that Brad mentioned in his earlier
email.

Happy holidays...

Bill

William F. Precht
Ecological Sciences Program Manager
PBS&J
Miami

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Key West Citizen, www.keysnews.com

Nature Conservancy study reveals contaminated Keys canals

BY MANDY BOLEN
keysnews.com

The idyllic scenario of a home on a canal became less than picture
perfect
this week when scientists from The Nature Conservancy released the
results
of water quality testing conducted on 17 canals from Boca Chica to Key
Largo.

The tests showed extremely high levels of enterococcus bacteria in 10 of
the
17 sites immediately after the heavy rains of Dec. 9 and 10.

The Environmental Protection Agency has established a guideline of 104
colony-forming units of enterococcus as an acceptable level in 100
milliliters of water.

Four Keys canals showed more than 2,000 CFUs, with the canal at
Saddlebunch
Keys in the Bay Point subdivision registering 9,139 CFUs.

The same sites averaged significantly less enterococcus bacteria in
August,
September and October when the highest reading of 384 CFUs was taken at
the
canal on Cudjoe Key at Cutthroat Estates. The 17 sites were selected to
provide a cross-section of various types of canal structures throughout
the
Keys.

"It is not surprising to see elevated bacterial levels after heavy
rains,
but the magnitude of contamination following last week's rainfall was
startling," said Brad Rosov, the marine conservation program manager for
The
Nature Conservancy.

Rosov also explained that enterococcus itself is not necessarily
harmful,
and is found in both humans and animals. It is, however, an indicator of
viral pathogens that are harmful.

The spike in contamination after rain has long been thought to be caused
by
an accumulation of wastewater in dry ground, which is then flushed out
into
the water by heavy rains, said Jody Thomas, director of the
conservancy's
South Florida and Florida Keys programs.

With the contamination identified, The Nature Conservancy will now work
to
locate its source and determine whether the contaminants are coming from
humans or animals as the next step of the testing program known as
Florida
Keys Watch.

It is very likely that the pollution could be coming from leaking sewer
pipes that allow the wastewater to seep into the ground, Rosov said.

The conservancy hopes to know the source of the contamination in
January,
Thomas said.

"And if it appears to be coming from human waste and wastewater, then
our
recommendation would be, as always, to have the county make significant
progress in infrastructure improvements," Thomas said, supporting the
installation of Advanced Wastewater Treatment to limit pollutants.

As for the safety of the contaminated canals, Dr. Jake Rutherford,
administrator of the Monroe County Health Department, said that his
agency
does not officially have jurisdiction over canals, and he cannot issue
advisories about areas that the health department did not test.

Rutherford did, however, commend The Nature Conservancy for its testing
initiatives, and said that he, as a private citizen, would not swim in
the
contaminated canals. He also applauded the conservancy for taking steps
to
inform residents of the areas near the canals of the test results and
their
implications.

mbolen@keysnews.com

The canals in the following locations were tested for bacteria last week
with the following results.

The EPA has set a guideline of 104 colony-forming units as an
acceptable,
although not perfect, level in 100 milliliters of water.

Boca Chica, Boca Chica Ocean Shores -- 8,527 CFUs

Big Coppitt, Porpoise Point -- 5,497 CFUs

Saddlebunch Keys, Bay Point Subdivision -- 9,139 CFUs

Sugarloaf Key, Sugarloaf Shores -- 3,282 CFUs

Cudjoe Key, Cudjoe Gardens -- 394 CFUs

Cudjoe Key, Cutthroat Estates -- 521 CFUs

Big Pine Key, Eden Pines -- 97 CFUs

Big Pine Key, Whispering Pines -- 140 CFUs

Marathon, 27th Avenue -- 10 CFUs

Marathon, Dolphin Drive -- 52 CFUs

Duck Key -- 10 CFUs

Conch Key -- 52 CFUs

Port Antigua -- 30 CFUs

Tavernier, Banyan Lane -- 412 CFUs

Key Largo, Rock Harbour -- 85 CFUs

Key Largo, Pimlico Lane -- 335 CFUs

Key Largo, Sexton Cove Estates -- 2,459 CFUs

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
This story published on Wed, Dec 18, 2002

http://www.keysnews.com/276577435031370.bsp.htm

Florida Keys Keynoter, www.keynoter.com

Publication Date: Wednesday, December 18, 2002

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----

Another study points to sewage in canals
More testing planned

A Nature Conservancy program designed to shed light on water quality in
Keys
canals shows extremely high levels of enterococcus bacteria in canals
after
recent rains, according to the environmental group.

Conservancy members said that since August, the group has been testing
canal
water every two weeks at 17 sites throughout the Keys. The program,
known as
Florida Keys Watch, calls for water samples to be measured for
enterococcus
bacteria, dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature levels.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set a recommended guideline
of
104 "colony forming units" of enterococci per 100 milliliters of water.
Samples taken after last week's heavy rains showed levels as high as
9,139
per 100 milliliters of water, according to the Conservancy.

During the first three months of sampling during the dry season, the
Nature
Conservancy found about 18 percent of the 17 sites averaged more than
104
CFU. Samples collected after last week's heavy rains showed 59 percent
were
above that level, some bacterial levels registering into the thousands.

"It is not surprising to see elevated bacterial levels after heavy
rains,
but the magnitude of contamination observed following last week's
rainfall
was startling," said Brad Rosov, marine conservation program manager for
The
Nature Conservancy.

Letters with the test results are being sent to residents who live where
the
samples were taken, the Monroe County Health Department, the EPA and the
state Department of Environmental Protection.

Florida Keys Watch is a two-part water quality testing program that was
started to determine the levels of bacteria in Keys canals and locate
the
source of the contamination through viral pathogen screening.

"People have asked legitimate questions about whether humans were part
of
the water-quality problem in the Keys. Florida Keys Watch was started to
answer those questions," said Jody Thomas, director of the South
Florida/Keys program of The Nature Conservancy.

In early January, the Conservancy will select the six sites that
demonstrate
the highest continuous levels of enterococcus bacteria to be screened
further for the presence of viral pathogens. By documenting the presence
of
viral pathogens, scientists can determine whether human waste is the
source
of the bacteria contamination, Thomas said.

The test results released this week are a follow-up to a 1999 University
of
South Florida study that found viral pathogens were linked to human
waste in
Keys canals.

About the canal program

Following are details about The Nature Conservancy's Florida Keys Watch
Program, provided by the group:

The Nature Conservancy tests water from canals throughout the Keys for
bacteria using Idexx Laboratory's Enterolert system. Results showing
consistently high levels of enterococci bacteria from an individual
canal
will serve as a red flag for poor canal water quality.
Canals that consistently contain high levels of enterococci will be
further
tested for the presence of viral pathogens and their source. Samples
will be
analyzed through the University of South Florida's independent testing
lab,
Biological Consulting Service of North Florida.
The Conservancy will sample canal water for one year at 17 fixed sites
throughout the Keys, from multiple sites within three neighborhoods, and
episodically following rainstorms.
Brad Rosov, the Conservancy's marine conservation program manager, is
administering the program. He has a bachelor's degree in neuroscience
from
the University of Delaware and a master's in marine biology from the
University of North Carolina at Wilmington. He will be advised by
scientists
at the University of South Florida.
The Conservancy will send a quarterly report to the University of South
Florida, the Biological Consulting Services lab, Monroe County Health
Department, the state Department of Environmental Protection, Technical
Advisory Committee of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the
EPA
and the public.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
~~~~~~~
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Subject: 10ICRS mini-symposium proposal
Date: Thu, 19 Dec 2002 05:43:53 -0500
From: Hajime Kayanne <kayanne@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: tsuchiya@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp, nadaoka@mei.titech.ac.jp,
     seysuzu@ipc.shizuoka.ac.jp, nakamori@dges.tohoku.ac.jp,
     tatsuo@mud.biglobe.ne.jp, kayanne@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp

icrs@plando.co.jp
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list

Dear coral-list,

The number of proposals for mini-symposiums at 10ICRS is not enough.
The dead-line date is 30 January 2003.
We welcome your participation in coordinating mini-symposium, which is
the
main body of the ICRS.

Please visit our web site  http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004/, through
which
you can submit.

All the proposals will be reviewed by Scientific Program subcommittee
under
International/Local Organizing Committee, 10ICRS, and the program will
be
shown in the second circular as well as the web site.

For those who wish to hold somewhat closed workshops or business
meetings,
please contact with the secretary at icrs@plando.co.jp.

Best wishes and see you at Okinawa
Hajime Kayanne (Secretariat General)
--
---- Hajime KAYANNE ----
Department of Earth & Planetary Science,
University of Tokyo
Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
Tel: 81-3-5841-4573
Tel & Fax: 81-3-3814-6358
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Lava flow & corals
Date: Thu, 19 Dec 2002 05:45:48 -0500
From: Jean Pascal QUOD <jpquod.arvam@wanadoo.fr>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear Coral-listers

Reunion Island (SW Indian Ocean) has an active volcano and lava flow
reaches the ocean twice this year.
Understanding the patterns that drive coral settlement and other
vertebrates/invertebrates appear an interesting and challenging deal for
us.

We are so looking for anyone who has been yet working on that item, who
is interested for a future collaboration. We have yet find references
dealing with Hawaii but more should have been done in other places.

Many thanks and merry Xmas,

Best regards,

_______________________________________________
Dr. Jean Pascal QUOD
E-mail : jpquod.arvam@wanadoo.fr
ARVAM (Agence pour la Recherche et la Valorisation Marines)
14, Rue du Stade de l'Est, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La R=E9union, France
Tel : 02 62 28 39 08 (int. : (262) 2 62 28 39 08)
Fax: 02 62 28 08 81 (int. : (262) 2 62 28 08 81)
Email: arvam@wanadoo.fr / URL: http://www.arvam.com
________________________________________________
CORDIO Indian Indian Ocean Islands co-ordinator
COral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean
Jeanpascalquod@cordio.org
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Subject: [Fwd: Land-Based Sources of Pollution]
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2002 13:17:36 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

It has come to my attention that the word "pollution" is most likely too
politically charged and would not help us to get to the underlying
problem.  (After all, what is an acceptable or legal definition of
"pollution" in this context?)  For instance, sewage and/or industrial
outfall may have been permitted by law many years ago and to now call it
"pollution" immediately throws fuel on a fire of controversy.  Our
purpose should perhaps be to identify what the anthropogenic factors are
that influence reefs, then let the chips fall where they may.  For
instance, have certain levels of nutrients been shown to affect coral
physiology or the reef ecosystem, and if so, where are those levels
found?  What is the minimum amount of light a coral reef needs to
sustain growth, and if that level is not being met, where in the world
is that happening and what is the cause?  Do certain levels of dissolved
pharmaceuticals affect, say, coral reproduction, and if so, where are
those levels found.  Do tons of lost and cast off fishing lines and nets
affect the well-being of a coral reef ecosystem, and if so where is that
happening (and is this what we traditionally call "pollution")?

In short, perhaps a better way to get at the problem is to seek "effects
of anthropogenic waste" in its form as a big relentless signal impacting
the coral reef ecosystem.

Then again, maybe this thread is trying to pull too much basic research
out of the literature for the purpose of a list-server.  Just a
thought...

        Cheers,
        Jim

-------- Original Message --------
Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 11:38:30 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-Listers,

    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:

    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
    b. Overfishing
    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease

    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.

    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).

    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!

    Cheers,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list admin
~~~~
*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
August 1999.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2002 16:49:32 -0500
From: "Michael Risk" <riskmj@univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: "Brad Rosov" <brosov@TNC.ORG>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hello Brad (-list).

The direct effects of sewage on reefs are well-known, and can be
assessed via bioindicators and measured via a variety of isotopic
techniques.

Some time ago, there was a meeting in the Florida Keys to evaluate the
various monitoring programs that were under way there. At that meeting,
there was some concern voiced about the lack of coverage of bioerosion:
bioerosion responds directly to nutrient loadings in sea water, and
accounts (on healthy reefs )for about 50% of the carbonate
budget-programs looking only at coral are missing the boat.

The FMRI monitoring program, an excellent one run by a troika of Jaap,
Porter and Wheaton, asked us if we could devise a rapid assessment
protocol they could fold into their program. This became the thesis
research of Christine Ward-Paige, and the rest is history.

We based the technique on results that date from the mid-1980's, notably
a paper by Rose and Risk on the effect of point-source fecal input
(turtle poop) on the reefs of Grand Cayman. That work showed that
amounts of Cliona delitrix, an aggressive, bright-orange boring sponge,
were related to % fecal bacteria in the water. As far as I am aware,
this is the only reef organism that has been shown to respond so
directly to sewage. (Why the reef community has been so slow to pick up
on the use of this bioindicator is yet another question.)

Christine's early results were presented this summer at the Victoria
ASLO meeting-the Abstract may be read on their website. By using
archival videos and recent surveys, she has shown that the amounts of C
delitrix have increased as the coral cover has dropped-most of the List
by now is probably aware that there is a regional mass extinction under
way in Florida. Analyses of 15-N ratios link the sponge nutrition to
terrestrial sources.

I also recommend the wonderful work Kate Holmes did in Barbados, which
she and Evan Edinger (and others) then applied in Indonesia. She found a
direct relationship between water quality and boring sponge abundance in
coral rubble. This is a field technique which can be taught to villagers
in about 2 hours.

As far as the broader question, the importance and assessment of
land-based sources: methods to asess sewage and sediment stress are
available, and in some cases have been known (but not generally applied)
for decades. The Toolbox paper in the Proc. Ft Lauderdale conf. outlines
some of the main techniques-also, in that same ASLO conference, I
present a way to assess the relative importance of sewage and sediment
stress on reefs.

The response of the coral reef research community to land-based threats
has not been salutory. I see resume-building at the expense of
ecosystem-saving; and I also see a near-fatal reluctance to adopt common
methodology, coupled with a lack of firm guidance from federal agencies.

It may not be too late. Some of the methods produce results in a few
days. What seems to be required are programs with firm political
backing, which are fundamentally interdisciplinary in scope and
composition. I recently was asked to evaluate reef proposals to an
un-named agency of an un-named nation, for an un-named but large amount
of money. I saw with amazement that, to some organisations, an
"interdisciplinary" team was 25 biologists-BUT all working in different
fields! Please. (I should point out here that I am a biologist, lest I
be accused of parochiality.) It is time to recognise that geochemistry
is capable of providing real answers.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: [Fwd: Land-Based Sources of Pollution]
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2002 16:53:35 -0500
From: "Mark Eakin" <Mark.Eakin@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

I agree with Jim that the term "pollution" is politically charged.
However, the Federal Administration representatives did adopt
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" as a focus area for 2003-2006.  Under
the "Joint USDA-EPA Proposal on Land Based Sources of Pollution", it was
announced that "Within 45 days, USDA and EPA will produce the framework
to more fully develop this proposal".

It sounds to me like the Administration is accepting this moniker for a
problem that needs to be addressed.  While I concur with Jim that the
basic science needs to address specific threats and potential solutions
for these, that should not mean that we abandon the broad issue of
"Land-based Sources of Pollution" as a political framework.  It is
usually most constructive to use a political banner that the
Administration has already accepted.  At least with "Land-based Sources
of Pollution", we have a moniker that is recognized and understood by
those in high political positions.

I guess what I am suggesting is that we should use the term "Land-based
Sources of Pollution" to promote a suite of activities that the
scientific issues such as nutrient increases and light reduction are a
part.

Just my humble opinion, which is not an official position of NOAA or the
U.S. government.

Cheers,
Mark

Jim Hendee wrote:

>It has come to my attention that the word "pollution" is most likely too
>politically charged and would not help us to get to the underlying
>problem.  (After all, what is an acceptable or legal definition of
>"pollution" in this context?)  For instance, sewage and/or industrial
>outfall may have been permitted by law many years ago and to now call it
>"pollution" immediately throws fuel on a fire of controversy.  Our
>purpose should perhaps be to identify what the anthropogenic factors are
>that influence reefs, then let the chips fall where they may.  For
>instance, have certain levels of nutrients been shown to affect coral
>physiology or the reef ecosystem, and if so, where are those levels
>found?  What is the minimum amount of light a coral reef needs to
>sustain growth, and if that level is not being met, where in the world
>is that happening and what is the cause?  Do certain levels of dissolved
>pharmaceuticals affect, say, coral reproduction, and if so, where are
>those levels found.  Do tons of lost and cast off fishing lines and nets
>affect the well-being of a coral reef ecosystem, and if so where is that
>happening (and is this what we traditionally call "pollution")?
>
>In short, perhaps a better way to get at the problem is to seek "effects
>of anthropogenic waste" in its form as a big relentless signal impacting
>the coral reef ecosystem.
>
>Then again, maybe this thread is trying to pull too much basic research
>out of the literature for the purpose of a list-server.  Just a
>thought...
>
>       Cheers,
>       Jim
>
>-------- Original Message --------
>Subject: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
>Date: Wed, 18 Dec 2002 11:38:30 -0500
>From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
>To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
>Dear Coral-Listers,
>
>    At the 8th Meeting of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (USCRTF),
>October 2-3, 2002 (San Juan, Puerto Rico), the USCRTF adopted seven
>resolutions (see http://coralreef.gov/dec2002.cfm), the first of which
>was "Improving Procedures of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force."  Realizing
>that one of the procedures was a need to prioritize the 13 goals
>originally stipulated in the Coral Reef National Action Plan (see
>http://coralreef.gov/CRTFAxnPlan9.PDF), they decided the following areas
>should be endorsed as Focus Areas for 2003-2006:
>
>    a. Land-based Sources of Pollution
>    b. Overfishing
>    c. Lack of Public Awareness (focus on user groups)
>    d. Recreational Overuse and Misuse
>    e-1. Climate Change and Coral Bleaching, and e-2. Disease
>
>    Considering more than half of the U.S. population (141 million
>people) resides within 50 miles of a coast*, it is obvious that
>"Land-based Sources of Pollution" is well-placed in this list.
>
>    As informed and concientious researchers and protectors of the coral
>reef environment, I am hoping that you can help to better identify these
>land-based sources of pollution and perhaps help to formulate means of
>correcting or identifying specific problem areas (but mainly US coral
>reefs).  Thus, with this message I am hoping to generate a thread that
>will be of use to those in the USCRTF that can draw upon your
>expertise.  Such a thread, if successful, will be posted on the CHAMP
>(http://www.coral.noaa.gov) and NOAA CoRIS (Coral Reef Information
>System, http://www.coris.noaa.gov) Web Pages.  Also, if these threads
>are successfully generated, perhaps we can continue on down the list
>with the other Focus Areas (but let's just stick to this one, for now).
>
>    Many thanks, and Happy Holidays!
>
>    Cheers,
>    Jim Hendee
>    coral-list admin
>~~~~
>*  Trends in U.S. Coastal Regions, 1970-1998: Addendum to the
>Proceedings, Trends and Future Challenges for U.S. National Ocean and
>Coastal Policy, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
>August 1999.
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
>

--
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
Chief of NOAA Paleoclimatology Program and
Director of the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology

NOAA/National Climatic Data Center
325 Broadway E/CC23
Boulder, CO 80305-3328
Voice: 303-497-6172                  Fax: 303-497-6513
Internet: mark.eakin@noaa.gov
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .

Subject: Re: Land-Based Sources of Pollution
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2002 10:57:25 -0500
From: "charles sheppard" <csheppard@bio.warwick.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Jim,

As an avid reader of coral-list, I was interested in your email just now
on  'Pollution'. You say "For instance, sewage and/or industrial outfall
may have been permitted by law many years ago and to now call it
"pollution" immediately throws fuel on a fire of controversy."  I don't
think that matters at all. Times change.  What a village beside the
estuary could do last century may not have mattered at all, but that
village then grew into a city, and...

You go on to say "Our purpose should perhaps be to identify what the
anthropogenic factors are that influence reefs, then let the chips fall
where they may."  I completely agree.

I am editor of "Marine Pollution Bulletin".  Now, ages ago I tried to
get that title changed to reflect the evolution of the subject, to
something like 'Marine Environmental Science', or something less
old-fashioned sounding, though I never gave it too much thought!  Many
associate 'pollution' with being a 70s subject: lead in tissues, or E.
coli in water, so that global climate change etc etc doesn't really fit
it.  But the publishers wouldn't let me - 'Never change the title of a
successful journal as libraries will happily drop a journal to save
costs but wont necessarily buy a new one'!  What I mean is:  we
shouldn't get bogged down in these definitions.  I'll publish what is
interesting and important to marine habitats etc.  If over-fishing
somewhere is a problem to the marine environment, then that counts.  A
boring account of lead in an urchin's gonads is not likely to get in,
even if it fits older definitions of 'pollution' better.  Actually, MPB
publishes quite a lot of papers on corals/reef, and more on associated
tropical systems too.

You do an excellent job with coral-list.  I (amongst many) am very
grateful!

Happy Christmas holidays

Charles Sheppard
~~~~~~~
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Subject: JOB: HI data analyst postition
Date: Sat, 21 Dec 2002 14:30:40 -1000
From: "HCRI Research Program" <HCRIResearchProgram@hawaii.rr.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

The Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Research Program (HCRI-RP) and the State of
Hawaii's Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) has just opened a data analyst
position to assist with upgrading DAR's coral reef ecosystem monitoring and
data handling capabilities and to develop and apply statistical analyses to
existing coral reef research and monitoring.

Closing date is January 22, 2002.

About HCRI-RP:  www.hawaii.edu/ssri/hcri
About DAR:  www.hawaii.gov/dlnr/dar/index.html

Kristine Davidson
Program Manager
HCRI-RP

>>>>>>>>>

Subject: e-mail contact?
Date: Sun, 22 Dec 2002 07:56:11 -0400
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear List,

Can anyone acknowledge this to be the correct e-mail for Dr. Steve
Oakley: tracc@tm.net.my

If not, can anyone provide the proper e-mail contact? Thanks James Cervino
--
************************************
James M. Cervino
PhD. Program
Marine Science Program
University of South Carolina
e-mail:cnidaria@earthlink.net
*************************************
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Subject: The Dust Hypothesis: Why Caribbean coral reefs have suffered dur
     ing the 1970's through the early 1990's
Date: Mon, 23 Dec 2002 10:01:05 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral List:

For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you might
find these tidbits of interest.

Have a great holiday!
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Dust Hypothesis

Question:

Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and near
extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to coral
reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is low.
Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?

(Contineud)

http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/

   Online mini-movie

      Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes, and
      Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
      Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"

   http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/

   National Public Radio interview

      Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were interviewed
      along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public Radio
      station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
      "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.

   www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html

////////////////

Mercury From China Rains Down on California

   Environmental News Service (ENS)
   http://ens-news.com/

   December 20, 2002

SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major source
of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new study
suggests.

The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering the
state's waters from various sources.

It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed out
in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can be
captured by water droplets.

Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role in
this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers from
the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
print edition of the journal.

"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere, and
it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets deposited in
rainfall," Steding said.

Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many parts
of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric mercury
is coal combustion in China.

China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
total global industrial emissions of mercury.

Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the winter
due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury and
ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
incorporated into developing storms.

"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of mercury
emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
said.

Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California: on
the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near San
Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a national
climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
Asia.

Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific Ocean.
Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.

Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference between
the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
mercury.

"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation rate. We
see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a local
enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we want to
reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions of
mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in the
atmosphere ends up in rainwater."

Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the mercury
in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the deposition
in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the food
chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.

State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including San
Francisco Bay.

  #  #  #

http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1

///////////////////

Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell

Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America

10.1029/2002JD002081

19 December 2002

http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec

////////////////

Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...

ScienceDaily News Release

... Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

*****************************************
Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!
*****************************************
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Subject: Keys marine sanctuary settles damage case for almost $1 million
Date: Mon, 23 Dec 2002 10:02:36 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear Coral-List:

Another news flash of interest.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

The Miami Herald, www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald

Posted on Sat, Dec. 21, 2002

Keys sanctuary case is settled for $969,000
Tug ran aground there in May '93
Associated Press

The nation's largest dredge company has agreed to pay a record $969,000 to
help restore coral and seagrass damaged when a tugboat ran aground in the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary nearly 10 years ago.

Money from the settlement announced Friday will cover reef repairs and help
reimburse government agencies for their response to the Florida Bay
grounding.

''This adds to our authority to collect damages in these cases, so it will
definitely help us in obtaining settlements in the future,'' said Cheva
Heck, spokeswoman for the sanctuary protecting the longest barrier reef
after Australia and Belize.

The Justice Department said in a release it was the largest settlement ever
negotiated for a grounding in the sanctuary.

Calls to the company and its lawyer were not returned.

A judge initially ordered Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co. to pay $368,797. But
both the company and the government appealed in a test of Commerce
Department powers under the 1972 National Marine Sanctuaries Act.

The appeals court voided the original amount and sided with the federal
agency, opening up Great Lakes to a potentially larger bill if the case were
retried.

Sharon Shutler, attorney for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, said she was ''thrilled'' with the agreement. ``Now we
finally have the means to restore these important sanctuary resources.''

The sanctuary plans to combine the money from Oak Brook, Ill.-based Great
Lakes with a $618,485 settlement reached with Coastal Marine Towing, a tug
company involved in the grounding in May 1993.

Great Lakes hired Coastal Marine Towing to carry 500-foot pipes around the
tip of Florida. One of the pipes came loose and left a 13-mile scar on the
bottom of the bay separating the Florida peninsula and the Keys.

The tug hauling the errant pipe was slowed by the drag. A second of four
tugs traveling together tried to pass but ran aground, damaging nearly two
acres of coral and grass.

The pipe track recovered naturally in three years. But experts estimated
damage from the grounding would take 70 years to heal with human
intervention and more than 100 years naturally.

The tug, Captain Joe, ran aground in water seven feet deep in a section of
the bay where the deepest water is 11 feet. Intermixed mud flats can be as
shallow as six inches.

''Groundings in the sanctuary are a huge problem. We have an average of 600
reported groundings per year,'' Heck said. ``It's everything from small
boats running aground in seagrass beds to major groundings in coral.''

The sanctuary plans to spend more than $1 million at the grounding site and
$405,000 at other damage sites in the 2,800-square mile sanctuary, which was
created in 1990.

Keys waters are popular with fishermen, divers and recreational boaters.

The reefs, perhaps the biggest draw, protect fish and other marine life.

http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/state/4786450.htm

NOAA Press Release on settlement:

NOAA 02-167
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
December 20, 2002
Charles Miller, ENRD
202.514.2007

Cheva Heck, NOAA
305.292.0311, x26
305.304.0179, cell

TUG COMPANY TO PAY NEARLY $1 MILLION FOR SEAGRASS DAMAGE
Settlement to Restore Seagrass & Coral in Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary

WASHINGTON, D.C.     Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company of Oak Brook, Ill.,
will pay nearly $1 million for damages to seagrass and other natural
resources in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the Justice
Department and the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) announced today.

The $969,000 settlement reached on behalf of NOAA and the State of Florida
is the largest ever obtained for damages to seagrass in the sanctuary.  The
funds, combined with an earlier $618,485 settlement obtained from
co-defendant Coastal Marine Towing, will help restore the injured areas and
reimburse NOAA for response costs.

"We are pleased with the settlement," said Sharon Shutler, attorney for the
NOAA General Counsel for Natural Resources.  "We have wanted to restore this
site since the groundings occurred in 1993.  After many years of litigation,
we finally have the means to restore these ecologically significant
sanctuary resources."

In May 1993, four tug boats owned by the two companies were transporting
heavy dredging equipment and dredge pipes from the Boca Grande Channel off
Florida's west coast to Green Cove Spring on the east coast.  Before the
flotilla reached Seven Mile Bridge off Marathon, Fla., one or more of the
dredge pipes being towed by one of the tugs came loose and dragged across
the bottom of Florida Bay, causing a scar 13 miles long and destroying
196,764 square feet of seagrass and other sanctuary resources.  The dragging
pipe caused the tug to slow, and another tug attempted to pass her.  The
other vessel ran hard aground, creating a massive hole and destroying 80,675
square feet of seagrass and coral, about one and a half times the size of a
football field, at an area called Red Bay Banks off Marathon.

While the coral reefs are the sanctuary's most famous resource, seagrass
meadows and other habitats, such as the mixed seagrass and finger coral
bottom at Red Bay Banks, are critical to fish and other marine life
populations.  Seagrass also filters and stabilizes sediments, helping to
create clear waters.

"One of our highest priorities is the restoration of our natural resources,
such as the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary," said Tom Sansonetti,
Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department's Environment and
Natural Resources Division.  "The funds provided as a result of today's
settlement will help us achieve that goal."

The National Marine Sanctuaries Act authorizes NOAA to seek damages from the
responsible party in a grounding to cover response costs, injury and damage
assessment costs, costs to restore or replace the damaged habitat or acquire
equivalent habitat, and costs to compensate the public for the value of the
damage resources until they fully recover.

NOAA developed a restoration strategy that involved stabilizing the blowhole
and transplanting seagrasses into off-site areas damaged by boats to
compensate for the lost services provided by the resources destroyed in the
incident.  NOAA sought the cost of the restoration and assessment costs from
the two companies, eventually filing suit in Federal District Court.  Both
the Federal District Court and the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals found Great
Lakes strictly liable for the injuries to sanctuary resources.  Both courts
upheld NOAA's methodologies for determining the appropriate amount of
compensatory restoration, however, the courts had not agreed on the proper
measure of damages necessary to restore the bank. As a result, a settlement
was reached with the two companies.

The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, designated in 1990, protects
2,896 square nautical miles of critical marine habitat, including coral
reef, hard bottom, seagrass meadows, mangrove communities and sand flats.
NOAA and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection manage the
sanctuary.  For more information about the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary, visit: http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

*****************************************
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*****************************************
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Subject: Bioeconomic model
Date: Mon, 30 Dec 2002 07:17:46 -0500
From: aharris@nimbus.geog.ox.ac.uk
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Dear all,

I am currently engaged in looking for a bioeconomic model that has been
successfully applied (in practice) to the economic analysis and
management of a coral reef fishery.

I would be very grateful if anyone with knowledge of a case where such a
model has been used - either for scenario-analyses or otherwise - could
forward to me details or references relating to the model.

Many thanks and happy hogmanay!

Al Harris.

*****************************************
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*****************************************
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Subject: Position available with Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.
Date: Mon, 30 Dec 2002 11:39:26 -0500
From: "Simon Harding" <sph@coralcay.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>

Dear list members,

Position available: Director - Science Department, Coral Cay
Conservation (CCC) Ltd.

Re-advertised post with amended Terms of Reference (AVAILABLE UPON
REQUEST)

Coral Cay Conservation Ltd. is an award winning not-for-profit NGO that
currently runs terrestrial and marine conservation projects in Fiji,
Honduras and The Philippines. We are seeking an experienced postgraduate
(PhD preferred) to manage the CCC Science Department. The successful
applicant will have a background in managing and research of both marine
and terrestrial science based projects, with proven experience of 24
months fieldwork. The position is at Director level, thus a considerable
amount of management experience will be needed.

Applications: Covering letter / CV (email only) to: Mr. Craig Turner,
Terrestrial Science Co-ordinator, Coral Cay Conservation:
ct@coralcay.org.

Work is London-based with international travel.

Closing date for applications is January 31st 2003. Previous applicants
need not apply. Only short-listed candidates will be contacted.

Thank you.

Simon Harding Ph.D.
Marine Science Co-ordinator
--
Coral Cay Conservation,
13th Floor,
The Tower,
125 High Street,
Colliers Wood,
London,
SW19 2JG,
UK

Direct dial: +44- (0) 208-545-7721
General switchboard: +44 (0) 870-750-0668
Fax: +44 (0) 870-750-0667
www.coralcay.org

~~~~~~~
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