Subject: RE: The Dust Hypothesis
Date: Wed, 1 Jan 2003 17:45:28 -0500
From: szmanta <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>,
     coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear All:
I have read several times the hypothesis that the Diadema die-off in
the  Caribbean was somehow caused by African dust.  Can someone explain
to me the logic behind this when the same species of sea urchin is doing
well, and matter of fact, has been a pest because of too high of
population densities on reefs just off the West coast of Africa (much
closer to the dust and potential  pathogen source)?
Happy New Year to all.
Alina Szmant
>===== Original Message From "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com> =====
>Dear Coral List:
>
>For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you might
>find these tidbits of interest.
>
>Have a great holiday!
>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
>
>The Dust Hypothesis
>
>Question:
>
>Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
>much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and near
>extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
>1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to coral
>reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
>factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is low.
>Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?
>
>(Contineud)
>
>http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
>
>
>   Online mini-movie
>
>      Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes, and
>      Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
>      Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"
>
>   http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/
>
>
>   National Public Radio interview
>
>      Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were interviewed
>      along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public Radio
>      station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
>      "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.
>
>   www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
>
>
>////////////////
>
>
>Mercury From China Rains Down on California
>
>   Environmental News Service (ENS)
>   http://ens-news.com/
>
>   December 20, 2002
>
>SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major source
>of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new study
>suggests.
>
>The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
>pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
>because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
>agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering the
>state's waters from various sources.
>
>It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
>pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
>Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed out
>in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can be
>captured by water droplets.
>
>Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role in
>this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
>published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
>Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers from
>the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
>print edition of the journal.
>
>"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere, and
>it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets deposited in
>rainfall," Steding said.
>
>Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
>burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many parts
>of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric mercury
>is coal combustion in China.
>
>China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
>total global industrial emissions of mercury.
>
>Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the winter
>due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury and
>ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
>incorporated into developing storms.
>
>"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of mercury
>emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
>storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
>said.
>
>Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California: on
>the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near San
>Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
>event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a national
>climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
>Asia.
>
>Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
>concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific Ocean.
>Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
>natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.
>
>Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
>higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference between
>the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
>mercury.
>
>"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation rate. We
>see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a local
>enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we want to
>reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions of
>mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in the
>atmosphere ends up in rainwater."
>
>Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the mercury
>in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the deposition
>in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the food
>chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.
>
>State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
>fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including San
>Francisco Bay.
>
>  #  #  #
>
>http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
>
>
>///////////////////
>
>
>Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell
>
>Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
>Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America
>
>10.1029/2002JD002081
>
>19 December 2002
>
>http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec
>
>
>////////////////
>
>
>Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...
>
>ScienceDaily News Release
>
>.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
>from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.
>
>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm
>
>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
>
>*****************************************
>Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!
>*****************************************
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Alina M. Szmant
UNCW Center for Marine Science
On travel from UNCW
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: URGENT - Looking for a small coral reef animals specialist for
Date: Wed, 1 Jan 2003 17:47:29 -0500
From: "Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert" <fpl@circop.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
a talk
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list
Dear All,
CIRCoP (International Coral Reef Conferences of Paris - 31st of Jan 1st
of Feb 2003) is a General Public dedicated event, created to communicate
about coral reefs (their status; what can be done and what is done to
protect & restore them; reef life and behavior, economy related to coral
reefs; Medicine and coral reefs; etc...).
We expect 3000 visitors during 2 days, to follow 16 talks and about 20
movies about all aspects of Coral Reefs (check web site : www.circop.com
for program, venue detail, etc...)
To replace a missing lecturer, we are looking for one or two 45' talks
about small reefs animals such as : shrimps, crabs, nudibranches, worms,
etc... and about their way of life, interaction, symbiosis with other
animals (such corals or other inverts), techniques of
camouflage/protection, etc...
If you would like to be candidate, please reply and suggest a tittle + 5
lines of description.
Best Regards
Fabrice Poiraud-Lambert
CIRCoP, Director
http://www.circop.com, to Enjoy Great Protected Coral Reefs
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Land Based Pollution
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 07:11:16 -0500
From: CSalt5@aol.com
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
CC: dmeyer@peer.org
     I received the email regarding Coral Reef Task Force Priorities
indirectly, through Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility.
Sand dredged from offshore may not be considered land based, but it is one
of the primary causes of coral reef degradation in south Florida.  As a
Fish and Wildlife Service biologist, I specialized in commenting on beach
restoration projects for over 10 years; I know beach projects and beach
project politics.  This controvercial area is not for the faint hearted.
     I was eventually forced into early retirement for proposing that the
FWS conduct surveys of the proposed Broward County beach project area (and
offshore dredge area) rather than Broward County's environmental
consultant.  This was in accordance with past procedures and consistent
with the Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act.  The Broward County project
will bury at least 36 acres of nearshore coral communities and degrade
uncalculated acreage just outside the proposed fill area due to the
settling of suspended sediment.  Unnumbered ancient star and brain corals
near the proposed dredge area will suffer the same fate.  These impacts
have been documented in numerous past projects.  How is it that this,
perhaps the number one cause of direct coral destruction, is not on the
Coral Reef Task Force's list of priorities?
     As for land based pollution, there are perhaps hundreds of acres of
coral community in Broward County that are either dead or nearly dead
because insufficiently treated sewage is being pumped just offshore of
Broward beaches.  The one outfall I know of runs east from Hollywood, Fl.
I would be happy to accompany you or any other Task Force member to see
the damage first hand.
                                  Chuck Sultzman
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: CIRCoP lecturer needed
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 07:13:05 -0500
From: Michael Janes <mjanes@aquatouch.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Fabrice,
Listed bellow are two possible talks I would be able to prepare and give
at your conference if invited. Please let me know if this is what you are
looking for.
Coral Reef Partnerships: Symbiosis, Commensalisms, and Parasitism
    A variety of tropical reef organisms rely on each other in intimate
ways for their survival. In many cases, both micro and macro life forms
are sustained through tight relationships that have developed over many
generations. This talk provides detailed examples of partnerships
occurring among different phyla (algae, worms, other invertebrates, and
fish) on the reef and defines both their similarities and differences.
The Coral / Algae Connection...Light is life
    For most corals light affords them a means to prosper through their
symbiotic relationship with single cell algae. Others lack this form of
partnership yet still thrive. My talk outlines the fundamental basis of
coral algae partnerships, examines how they function, and defines their
role on the coral reef. Further, the differences between photosynthetic
and non-photosynthetic corals are explored.
Best wishes for a successful conference.
Sincerely,
Michael.
Michael P. Janes
Senior Aquarist
AquaTouch, Inc.
12040 N. 32nd Street
Phoenix, Arizona 85028
USA
(602) 765-9058 phone
(602) 765-9044 fax
email: mjanes@aquatouch.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Landmark meeting
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 07:25:25 -0500
From: "N A J Graham" <N.A.J.Graham@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Time is running out to register for the 5th International Conference on
Environmental Future. This landmark conference on the 'environmental
future of aquatic ecosystems' (http://www.icef.eawag.ch) is to be held
in Zurich, Switzerland, 23-27 March 2003 and cheap registration is
available until January 15th only. Leading scientists from around the
world are to predict the potential alternative state(s) of each of the
21 marine and freshwater ecosystems by the year 2025 with respect, in
particular, to climate change, human population growth and fisheries
decline (see abstracts on website). Many of the reviews have been
published in the journal Environmental Conservation and the outputs of
the conference will be published by Cambridge University Press in a
2-volume book which each registrant will receive for free. Registration
fees for this significant venture are substantially reduced upto January
15th 2003 and student rates are also available
(http://www.icef.eawag.ch).
Best regards,
Nick Graham
Junior Research Associate
Marine Science & Technology
University of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne
Tel: +44 (0)191 222 5868
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RE: The Dust Hypothesis
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 07:31:26 -0500
From: lessiosh <lessiosh@naos.si.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, "'szmanta'" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
Alina and others
Happy new year.
"Diadema antillarum" on the African coast has the same name, but it is
not the same species.  Its mitochondrial DNA is as different from
Caribbean D. antillarum as that of D. paucispinum and D. savignyi.  See
Lessios, Kessing and Pearse, 2001, Population structure and speciation
in tropical seas: global phylogeography of the sea urchin Diadema.
Evolution, 55:955-975.
So, this may answer this particular objection, but there are additional
difficulties with the dust hypothesis to explain the Diadema mass
mortality:
1.  Why did it start at such a specific point at the mouth of the Panama
Canal? The data in "H.A. Lessios, D.R. Robertson, J.D. Cubit.  1984
Spread of Diadema mass mortality through the Caribbean. Science,
226:335-337" are good enough to conclude that it really did start at the
mouth of the canal, rather than first being noticed there.  Disease due
to dust traveling all the way from Africa and falling in the Caribbean
would be more likely to start at various places in a large area.  That
it only started in one location, and that this location is so close to
where ships discharge ballast water is more consistent with its having
come in ballast water from the Pacific.  Presumably, the pathogen is
benign for Pacific species of Diadema, but killed the Atlantic ones.
That it infected no other sea urchin species, not even the E. Atlantic
Diadema, suggests that it is very specific.
2.  Why did the mortality front travel by currents over large distances
of water?  If it came from the atmosphere, there should be no
correlation with water current direction in its spread.  The last
locations to be infected were Bermuda and the Virgin Islands, not
particularly consistent with dust coming from Africa.
3.  Why were Diadema in aquaria also infected?
4.  Why have there been subsequent local outbreaks at very specific
times?
I suppose that it can all be explained if one assumes that dust,
traveled high over most of the Atlantic and the Caribbean, fell in the
SE Caribbean and only what landed in Panama happened to contain a
pathogenic organism, which was then spread by the currents and
cross-infection.  We will never know for sure.  The dust hypothesis,
like any other, is speculation, with some things that fit and others
that don't.
Haris Lessios
H. A. Lessios
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Balboa, Panama
Telephone: +507/212-8708
Fax +507/212-8791
Telephone from the US (domestic call): 202/786-2099 x 8708
Mail address:
 From the USA:
Unit 0948
APO AA 34002-0948
 From elsewhere:
Box 2072
Balboa, Panama
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
>[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of szmanta
>Sent: Wednesday, January 01, 2003 5:45 PM
>To: Precht, Bill; coral-list
>Subject: RE: The Dust Hypothesis
>
>
>Dear All:
>
>I have read several times the hypothesis that the Diadema die-off in
>the  Caribbean was somehow caused by African dust.  Can someone explain
>to me the logic behind this when the same species of sea urchin is doing
>well, and matter of fact, has been a pest because of too high of
>population densities on reefs just off the West coast of Africa (much
>closer to the dust and potential  pathogen source)?
>
>Happy New Year to all.
>
>Alina Szmant
>
> >===== Original Message From "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com> =====
> >Dear Coral List:
> >
> >For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you
>might
> >find these tidbits of interest.
> >
> >Have a great holiday!
> >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> >
> >The Dust Hypothesis
> >
> >Question:
> >
> >Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
> >much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and
>near
> >extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
> >1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to
>coral
> >reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
> >factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is
>low.
> >Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?
> >
> >(Contineud)
> >
> >http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
> >
> >
> >   Online mini-movie
> >
> >      Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes,
>and
> >      Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
> >      Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"
> >
> >   http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/
> >
> >
> >   National Public Radio interview
> >
> >      Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were
>interviewed
> >      along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public
>Radio
> >      station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
> >      "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.
> >
> >
>www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
> >
> >
> >////////////////
> >
> >
> >Mercury From China Rains Down on California
> >
> >   Environmental News Service (ENS)
> >   http://ens-news.com/
> >
> >   December 20, 2002
> >
> >SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major
>source
> >of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new
>study
> >suggests.
> >
> >The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
> >pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
> >because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
> >agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering
>the
> >state's waters from various sources.
> >
> >It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
> >pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
> >Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed
>out
> >in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can
>be
> >captured by water droplets.
> >
> >Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role
>in
> >this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
> >published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
> >Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers
>from
> >the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
> >print edition of the journal.
> >
> >"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere,
>and
> >it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets
>deposited in
> >rainfall," Steding said.
> >
> >Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
> >burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many
>parts
> >of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric
>mercury
> >is coal combustion in China.
> >
> >China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
> >total global industrial emissions of mercury.
> >
> >Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the
>winter
> >due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury
>and
> >ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
> >incorporated into developing storms.
> >
> >"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of
>mercury
> >emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
> >storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
> >said.
> >
> >Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California:
>on
> >the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near
>San
> >Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
> >event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a
>national
> >climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
> >Asia.
> >
> >Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
> >concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific
>Ocean.
> >Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
> >natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.
> >
> >Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
> >higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference
>between
> >the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
> >mercury.
> >
> >"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation
>rate. We
> >see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a
>local
> >enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we
>want to
> >reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions
>of
> >mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in
>the
> >atmosphere ends up in rainwater."
> >
> >Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the
>mercury
> >in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the
>deposition
> >in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the
>food
> >chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.
> >
> >State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
> >fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including
>San
> >Francisco Bay.
> >
> >  #  #  #
> >
> >http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
> >
> >
> >///////////////////
> >
> >
> >Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell
> >
> >Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
> >Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America
> >
> >10.1029/2002JD002081
> >
> >19 December 2002
> >
> >http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec
> >
> >
> >////////////////
> >
> >
> >Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...
> >
> >ScienceDaily News Release
> >
> >.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
> >from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.
> >
> >http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm
> >
> >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> >
> >*****************************************
> >Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!
> >*****************************************
> >~~~~~~~
> >For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> >digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>Alina M. Szmant
>UNCW Center for Marine Science
>On travel from UNCW
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
*******************************************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
Professor of Biology
Center for Marine Science
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
5600  Marvin K. Moss Lane
Wilmington  NC  28409-5928
tel:  (910)962-2362  fax:  (910)962-2410
email:  szmanta@uncwil.edu
<http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/>http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
******************************************************************
--Boundary_(ID_LWPAmk1OzhYyaFAKJvhtSw)
Content-type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"
<html>
I think Haris meant to send this message out to all interested parties
by
hit the 'reply' instead of 'reply all' button.<br><br>
Alina Szmant<br><br>
<br><br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite>Date: Thu, 02 Jan 2003 10:35:35
-0500<br>
From: lessiosh &lt;lessiosh@naos.si.edu&gt;<br>
Subject: RE: The Dust Hypothesis<br>
To: 'szmanta' &lt;szmanta@uncwil.edu&gt;<br>
Reply-to: lessiosh@naos.si.edu<br>
X-VMS-To: IN%&quot;szmanta@uncwil.edu&quot;&nbsp;
&quot;'szmanta'&quot;<br>
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook, Build 10.0.4024<br>
Importance: Normal<br>
Original-recipient: rfc822;szmanta@uncwil.edu<br><br>
Alina and others<br><br>
Happy new year.<br><br>
&quot;Diadema antillarum&quot; on the African coast has the same name,
but it is<br>
not the same species.&nbsp; Its mitochondrial DNA is as different
from<br>
Caribbean D. antillarum as that of D. paucispinum and D. savignyi.&nbsp;
See<br>
Lessios, Kessing and Pearse, 2001, Population structure and
speciation<br>
in tropical seas: global phylogeography of the sea urchin Diadema.<br>
Evolution, 55:955-975.<br><br>
So, this may answer this particular objection, but there are
additional<br>
difficulties with the dust hypothesis to explain the Diadema mass<br>
mortality:<br><br>
1.&nbsp; Why did it start at such a specific point at the mouth of the
Panama<br>
Canal? The data in &quot;H.A. Lessios, D.R. Robertson, J.D. Cubit.&nbsp;
1984<br>
Spread of Diadema mass mortality through the Caribbean. Science,<br>
226:335-337&quot; are good enough to conclude that it really did start
at
the<br>
mouth of the canal, rather than first being noticed there.&nbsp; Disease
due<br>
to dust traveling all the way from Africa and falling in the
Caribbean<br>
would be more likely to start at various places in a large area.&nbsp;
That<br>
it only started in one location, and that this location is so close
to<br>
where ships discharge ballast water is more consistent with its
having<br>
come in ballast water from the Pacific.&nbsp; Presumably, the pathogen
is<br>
benign for Pacific species of Diadema, but killed the Atlantic
ones.<br>
That it infected no other sea urchin species, not even the E.
Atlantic<br>
Diadema, suggests that it is very specific.<br><br>
2.&nbsp; Why did the mortality front travel by currents over large
distances<br>
of water?&nbsp; If it came from the atmosphere, there should be no<br>
correlation with water current direction in its spread.&nbsp; The
last<br>
locations to be infected were Bermuda and the Virgin Islands, not<br>
particularly consistent with dust coming from Africa.<br><br>
3.&nbsp; Why were Diadema in aquaria also infected?<br><br>
4.&nbsp; Why have there been subsequent local outbreaks at very
specific<br>
times?<br><br>
I suppose that it can all be explained if one assumes that dust,<br>
traveled high over most of the Atlantic and the Caribbean, fell in
the<br>
SE Caribbean and only what landed in Panama happened to contain a<br>
pathogenic organism, which was then spread by the currents and<br>
cross-infection.&nbsp; We will never know for sure.&nbsp; The dust
hypothesis,<br>
like any other, is speculation, with some things that fit and
others<br>
that don't.<br><br>
Haris Lessios<br><br>
H. A. Lessios<br>
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute<br>
Balboa, Panama<br><br>
Telephone: +507/212-8708<br>
Fax +507/212-8791<br>
Telephone from the US (domestic call): 202/786-2099 x 8708<br><br>
Mail address:<br>
 From the USA:<br>
Unit 0948<br>
APO AA 34002-0948<br><br>
 From elsewhere:<br>
Box 2072<br>
Balboa, Panama<br><br>
<br><br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov<br>
[<a href="mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov"
eudora="autourl">mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov</a>]
On Behalf Of szmanta<br>
Sent: Wednesday, January 01, 2003 5:45 PM<br>
To: Precht, Bill; coral-list<br>
Subject: RE: The Dust Hypothesis<br><br>
<br>
Dear All:<br><br>
I have read several times the hypothesis that the Diadema die-off
in<br>
the&nbsp; Caribbean was somehow caused by African dust.&nbsp; Can
someone
explain<br>
to me the logic behind this when the same species of sea urchin is
doing<br>
well, and matter of fact, has been a pest because of too high of<br>
population densities on reefs just off the West coast of Africa
(much<br>
closer to the dust and potential&nbsp; pathogen source)?<br><br>
Happy New Year to all.<br><br>
Alina Szmant<br><br>
&gt;===== Original Message From &quot;Precht, Bill&quot;
&lt;Bprecht@pbsj.com&gt; =====<br>
&gt;Dear Coral List:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;For those following the &quot;dust&quot; for the past few years I
thought you<br>
might<br>
&gt;find these tidbits of interest.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Have a great holiday!<br>
&gt;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;The Dust Hypothesis<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Question:<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters
throughout<br>
&gt;much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases,
and<br>
near<br>
&gt;extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during
the<br>
&gt;1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental
to<br>
coral<br>
&gt;reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc.
These<br>
&gt;factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population
is<br>
low.<br>
&gt;Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;(Contineud)<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<a href="http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/"
eudora="autourl">http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; Online mini-movie<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Watch USGS scientists Ginger
Garrison,
Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes,<br>
and<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Dale Griffin in &quot;The Effects of
Globally Transported African and<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human
Health&quot;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/"
eudora="autourl">http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/
</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; National Public Radio interview<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Project scientists Gene Shinn and
Ginger Garrison were<br>
interviewed<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; along with geologist/novelist Sarah
Andrews on National Public<br>
Radio<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; station KQED in San Francisco on the
popular morning talk show<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &quot;Forum&quot; on January 15,
2002.
Listen to the interview.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
<a
href="
http://www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
"
eudora="autourl">www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;////////////////<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Mercury From China Rains Down on California<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; Environmental News Service (ENS)<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;
<a href="http://ens-news.com/"
eudora="autourl">http://ens-news.com/</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp; December 20, 2002<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a
major<br>
source<br>
&gt;of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a
new<br>
study<br>
&gt;suggests.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but
mercury<br>
&gt;pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California
waters<br>
&gt;because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State
regulatory<br>
&gt;agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury
entering<br>
the<br>
&gt;state's waters from various sources.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of
atmospheric<br>
&gt;pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in
rainfall.<br>
&gt;Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not
washed<br>
out<br>
&gt;in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that
can<br>
be<br>
&gt;captured by water droplets.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key
role<br>
in<br>
&gt;this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a
paper<br>
&gt;published Thursday in the online edition of the &quot;Journal of
Geophysical<br>
&gt;Research - Atmospheres.&quot; The report by Steding and other
researchers<br>
from<br>
&gt;the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a
later<br>
&gt;print edition of the journal.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&quot;There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the
atmosphere,<br>
and<br>
&gt;it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets<br>
deposited in<br>
&gt;rainfall,&quot; Steding said.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from
coal<br>
&gt;burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in
many<br>
parts<br>
&gt;of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of
atmospheric<br>
mercury<br>
&gt;is coal combustion in China.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of
the<br>
&gt;total global industrial emissions of mercury.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during
the<br>
winter<br>
&gt;due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with
mercury<br>
and<br>
&gt;ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it
is<br>
&gt;incorporated into developing storms.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&quot;The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a
combination
of<br>
mercury<br>
&gt;emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors -
the<br>
&gt;storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific,&quot;
Steding<br>
&gt;said.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central
California:<br>
on<br>
&gt;the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field
near<br>
San<br>
&gt;Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each
rainfall<br>
&gt;event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by
a<br>
national<br>
&gt;climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific
from<br>
&gt;Asia.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background<br>
&gt;concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the
Pacific<br>
Ocean.<br>
&gt;Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of
the<br>
&gt;natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44
percent<br>
&gt;higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the
difference<br>
between<br>
&gt;the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions
of<br>
&gt;mercury.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&quot;There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury
oxidation<br>
rate. We<br>
&gt;see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then
a<br>
local<br>
&gt;enrichment that's probably due to urban smog,&quot; Steding said.
&quot;If we<br>
want to<br>
&gt;reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local
emissions<br>
of<br>
&gt;mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury
in<br>
the<br>
&gt;atmosphere ends up in rainwater.&quot;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Steding said people should not worry about health effects from
the<br>
mercury<br>
&gt;in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the<br>
deposition<br>
&gt;in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters
the<br>
food<br>
&gt;chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to
eat<br>
&gt;fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California,
including<br>
San<br>
&gt;Francisco Bay.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;&nbsp; #&nbsp; #&nbsp; #<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<a href="http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1"
eudora="autourl">http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;///////////////////<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:<br>
&gt;Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North
America<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;10.1029/2002JD002081<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;19 December 2002<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<a href="http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec"
eudora="autourl">http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;////////////////<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;ScienceDaily News Release<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health
effects<br>
&gt;from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very
low.<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;<a
href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm"
eudora="autourl">
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm</a><br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt;*****************************************<br>
&gt;Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!<br>
&gt;*****************************************<br>
&gt;~~~~~~~<br>
&gt;For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
the<br>
&gt;digests, please see
<a href="http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html"
eudora="autourl">http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html</a>
.<br><br>
Alina M. Szmant<br>
UNCW Center for Marine Science<br>
On travel from UNCW<br><br>
~~~~~~~<br>
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the<br>
digests, please see <a
href="http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html"
eudora="autourl">http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html</a>
.</blockquote>
<x-sigsep><p></x-sigsep>
******************************************************************* <br>
Dr. Alina M. Szmant <br>
Coral Reef Research Group <br>
Professor of Biology <br>
Center for Marine Science <br>
University of North Carolina at Wilmington <br>
5600&nbsp; Marvin K. Moss Lane <br>
Wilmington&nbsp; NC&nbsp; 28409-5928 <br>
tel:&nbsp; (910)962-2362&nbsp; fax:&nbsp; (910)962-2410 <br>
email:&nbsp; szmanta@uncwil.edu <br>
<font color="#0000FF"><a
href="http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/">
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/</a>
<br>
</font>******************************************************************</html>
--Boundary_(ID_LWPAmk1OzhYyaFAKJvhtSw)--
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: The Dust Hypothesis
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 07:31:27 -0500
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: szmanta <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
CC: "Precht Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>,
     coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hi Alina,
...could have something to do with aerosol particle size and selective
settling as air trajectory carried dust westward...?
Just a thought....happy new year every one!
Cheers,
Al
szmanta wrote:
>Dear All:
>
>I have read several times the hypothesis that the Diadema die-off in
>the  Caribbean was somehow caused by African dust.  Can someone explain
>to me the logic behind this when the same species of sea urchin is doing
>well, and matter of fact, has been a pest because of too high of
>population densities on reefs just off the West coast of Africa (much
>closer to the dust and potential  pathogen source)?
>
>Happy New Year to all.
>
>Alina Szmant
>
>>===== Original Message From "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com> =====
>>Dear Coral List:
>>
>>For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you might
>>find these tidbits of interest.
>>
>>Have a great holiday!
>>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
>>
>>The Dust Hypothesis
>>
>>Question:
>>
>>Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
>>much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and near
>>extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
>>1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to coral
>>reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
>>factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is
low.
>>Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?
>>
>>(Contineud)
>>
>>http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
>>
>>
>>  Online mini-movie
>>
>>     Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes, and
>>     Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
>>     Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"
>>
>>  http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/
>>
>>
>>  National Public Radio interview
>>
>>     Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were interviewed
>>     along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public Radio
>>     station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
>>     "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.
>>
>>  www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
>>
>>
>>////////////////
>>
>>
>>Mercury From China Rains Down on California
>>
>>  Environmental News Service (ENS)
>>  http://ens-news.com/
>>
>>  December 20, 2002
>>
>>SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major source
>>of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new study
>>suggests.
>>
>>The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
>>pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
>>because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
>>agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering the
>>state's waters from various sources.
>>
>>It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
>>pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
>>Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed out
>>in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can be
>>captured by water droplets.
>>
>>Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role in
>>this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
>>published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
>>Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers from
>>the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
>>print edition of the journal.
>>
>>"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere, and
>>it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets deposited
in
>>rainfall," Steding said.
>>
>>Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
>>burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many parts
>>of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric mercury
>>is coal combustion in China.
>>
>>China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
>>total global industrial emissions of mercury.
>>
>>Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the winter
>>due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury and
>>ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
>>incorporated into developing storms.
>>
>>"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of
mercury
>>emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
>>storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
>>said.
>>
>>Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California: on
>>the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near San
>>Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
>>event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a national
>>climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
>>Asia.
>>
>>Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
>>concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific Ocean.
>>Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
>>natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.
>>
>>Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
>>higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference between
>>the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
>>mercury.
>>
>>"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation rate.
We
>>see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a local
>>enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we want
to
>>reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions of
>>mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in the
>>atmosphere ends up in rainwater."
>>
>>Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the mercury
>>in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the deposition
>>in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the
food
>>chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.
>>
>>State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
>>fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including San
>>Francisco Bay.
>>
>> #  #  #
>>
>>http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
>>
>>
>>///////////////////
>>
>>
>>Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell
>>
>>Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
>>Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America
>>
>>10.1029/2002JD002081
>>
>>19 December 2002
>>
>>http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec
>>
>>
>>////////////////
>>
>>
>>Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...
>>
>>ScienceDaily News Release
>>
>>.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
>>
>>from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.
>
>>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm
>>
>>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
>>
>>*****************************************
>>Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!
>>*****************************************
>>~~~~~~~
>>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>>
>
>Alina M. Szmant
>UNCW Center for Marine Science
>On travel from UNCW
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
  Alan E. Strong
   Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
          Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
    NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
    NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
    5200 Auth Road
    Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
          Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
               301-763-8102 x170
                FAX: 301-763-8572
    http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad
--------------050205080207060108010100
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
Hi Alina,<br>
<br>
...could have something to do with aerosol particle size and selective
settling
as air trajectory carried dust westward...?<br>
<br>
Just a thought....happy new year every one!<br>
<br>
Cheers,<br>
Al<br>
<br>
szmanta wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:200301012245.h01MjSQ5018547@coral.aoml.noaa.gov">
  <pre wrap="">Dear All:<br><br>I have read several times the hypothesis
that the Diadema die-off in<br>the  Caribbean was somehow caused by
African dust.  Can someone explain<br>to me the logic behind this when
the same species of sea urchin is doing<br>well, and matter of fact, has
been a pest because of too high of<br>population densities on reefs just
off the West coast of Africa (much<br>closer to the dust and potential
pathogen source)?<br><br>Happy New Year to all.<br><br>Alina
Szmant<br><br></pre>
  <blockquote type="cite">
    <pre wrap="">===== Original Message From "Precht, Bill" <a
class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E"
href="mailto:Bprecht@pbsj.com">&lt;Bprecht@pbsj.com&gt;</a>
=====<br>Dear Coral List:<br><br>For those following the "dust" for the
past few years I thought you might<br>find these tidbits of
interest.<br><br>Have a great holiday!<br>- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -<br><br>The Dust
Hypothesis<br><br>Question:<br><br>Why have coral reefs that are bathed
in clear oceanic waters throughout<br>much of the Caribbean suffered
algal infestation, coral diseases, and near<br>extinction of herbivorous
sea urchins almost simultaneously during the<br>1970s, 1980s, and early
1990s? The best known factors detrimental to coral<br>reefs include
sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These<br>factors do
not apply for many affected reefs where human population is low.<br>Is
there an alternative way to spread nutrients and
diseases?<br><br>(Contineud)<br><br><a cla
ss="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/">
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/</a><br><br><br>
Online mini-movie<br><br>     Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison,
Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes, and<br>     Dale Griffin in "The Effects of
Globally Transported African and<br>     Asian Dust on Coral Reef and
Human Health"<br><br>  <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/">
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/</a><br><br><br>
National Public Radio interview<br><br>     Project scientists Gene
Shinn and Ginger Garrison were interviewed<br>     along with
geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public Radio<br>
station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show<br>
"Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.<br><br>  <a
class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="
http://www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
">www.kqed.o
rg/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html</a><br><br><br>////////////////<br><br><br>Mercury
>From China Rains Down on California<br><br>  Environmental News Service
(ENS)<br>  <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://ens-news.com/">http://ens-news.com/</a><br><br>  December
20, 2002<br><br>SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia
are a major source<br>of mercury in rainwater that falls along the
California coast, a new study<br>suggests.<br><br>The mercury in
rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury<br>pollution is
a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters<br>because
the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State
regulatory<br>agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of
mercury entering the<br>state's waters from various sources.<br><br>It
is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of
atmospheric<br>pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury
in rainfall.<br>Elemental m
ercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed out<br>in
rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can
be<br>captured by water droplets.<br><br>Ozone, a major component of
urban and industrial smog, plays a key role in<br>this oxidation
process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper<br>published
Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of
Geophysical<br>Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other
researchers from<br>the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will
appear in a later<br>print edition of the journal.<br><br>"There is a
relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere, and<br>it's the
rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets deposited
in<br>rainfall," Steding said.<br><br>Mercury is a trace contaminant of
most coal, and emissions from coal<br>burning power plants are a major
source of mercury pollution in many parts<br>of the world. In the
Pacific Basin, the main source of atmosph
eric mercury<br>is coal combustion in China.<br><br>China relies on coal
as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the<br>total global
industrial emissions of mercury.<br><br>Air pollution in China also
generates ozone, which peaks during the winter<br>due to increased fuel
consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury and<br>ozone moves off
the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is<br>incorporated into
developing storms.<br><br>"The mercury we measured in rainwater results
from a combination of mercury<br>emissions and ozone production, as well
as meteorological factors - the<br>storm tracks that transport the
pollutants across the Pacific," Steding<br>said.<br><br>Steding
collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California:
on<br>the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field
near San<br>Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For
each rainfall<br>event, the researchers used air mass trajectories
calculated by a na
tional<br>climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the
Pacific from<br>Asia.<br><br>Rainwater collected at the coastal site
showed the background<br>concentrations of mercury in storms as they
arrived off the Pacific Ocean.<br>Those measurements were about three
times higher than estimates of the<br>natural, preindustrial level,
Steding said.<br><br>Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury
concentrations 44 percent<br>higher than at the coastal site. Steding
attributed the difference between<br>the two sites to ozone in Bay Area
smog, rather than local emissions of<br>mercury.<br><br>"There is a
local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation rate. We<br>see a
background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a
local<br>enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said.
"If we want to<br>reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut
down local emissions of<br>mercury, because other pollutants influence
how much of the mercury
in the<br>atmosphere ends up in rainwater."<br><br>Steding said people
should not worry about health effects from the mercury<br>in rainwater,
because the concentrations are very low. But the deposition<br>in rain
does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the
food<br>chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of
fish.<br><br>State health officials have issued advisories warning
people not to eat<br>fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in
California, including San<br>Francisco Bay.<br><br> #  #  #<br><br><a
class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1">
http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
</a><br><br><br>///////////////////<br><br><br>Steding,
Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell<br><br>Mercury concentrations in coastal
California precipitation:<br>Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes
of mercury to North America<br><br>10.1029/2002JD002081<br><br>19
December 2002<br><br><a cla
ss="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec">
http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec
</a><br><br><br>////////////////<br><br><br>Mercury
In California Rainwater Traced ...<br><br>ScienceDaily News
Release<br><br>.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about
health effects<br></pre>
    </blockquote>
    <pre wrap=""><!---->&gt;from the mercury in rainwater, because the
concentrations are very low.<br></pre>
    <blockquote type="cite">
      <pre wrap=""><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm">
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm</a><br><br>-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-<br><br>*****************************************<br>Season's Greetings
from NOAA's
CHAMP!<br>*****************************************<br>~~~~~~~<br>For
directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
the<br>digests, please see <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html">
http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html</a>
.<br></pre>
      </blockquote>
      <pre wrap=""><!----><br>Alina M. Szmant<br>UNCW Center for Marine
Science<br>On travel from UNCW<br><br>~~~~~~~<br>For directions on
subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the<br>digests, please
see <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html">
http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html</a>
.<br><br></pre>
      </blockquote>
      <br>
      <pre class="moz-signature" cols="$mailwrapcol">--
**** &lt;&gt;&lt; ******* &lt;&gt;&lt; ******* &lt;&gt;&lt; *******
&lt;&gt;&lt; *******
  Alan E. Strong
   Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
          Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
    NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
    NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
    5200 Auth Road
    Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
          <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov">Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov</a>
               301-763-8102 x170
                FAX: 301-763-8572
    <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad">
http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad</a>
    </pre>
      <br>
      </body>
      </html>
--------------050205080207060108010100--
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: African Dust: Experimental Approach?
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 10:02:49 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
I have tried to search the literature to see if any controlled
experiments have been conducted to ascertain whether pathogens on
African Dust have been implicated in the onset of sea urchin or coral
disease.  I searched Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts, Oceanic
Abstracts, Biosis, FirstSearch and the last couple of years of the Coral
Reefs journal, but could not find that any work that has been done with
controlled experiments and African Dust (AD).  I would be interested to
know if any work has been done, because we would be interested in using
any results in the development of a sensor for the Dust on our CREWS
environmental monitoring stations.
So, if no experimental work has been done, might I suggest the following
be considered by those of you who might have the resources.  My
apologies if this seems obvious, but it does appear the theory needs to
be further investigated.
Experimental Grid Utilizing Closed Aquaria
------------------------------------------
1)  Control tank with one or more species of corals and or urchins (with
appropriate permits, of course!).  Use the species of urchin that we
know gets infected (see Haris Lessios' last post).
2)  Tank with same critters, gets AD collected from USGS dust
collectors, at same theorized rate of introduction as through AD storms.
3)  Second control tank with "sanitized" AD.  Any change in animal
health in this tank might thus be due to the chemical properties of the
dust itself; or in some way stress the animal(s) to be more susceptible
to secondary infection by a pathogen.
4)  Third control tank innoculated with theorized pathogens (including
human ones) alone (i.e., no AD).  Obviously, this would have to be
closely controlled to prevent infecting the researcher!
Follow up with microbiological assay.  Continuously monitor the room(s)
where aquaria are kept to see if the AD "leaks" into the rooms.  All
temperatures, salinity, light, feeding, etc. controlled  to be same
across all tanks and to be the as close to nature as possible.  Future
or parallel experiment might be to raise sea temperature to near
bleaching threshold, thus seeing any possible correlations there.
That should help settle the question, I would think.  Sounds like a good
graduate student project to me.
    Cheers,
    Jim
szmanta wrote:
> Dear All:
>
> I have read several times the hypothesis that the Diadema die-off in
> the  Caribbean was somehow caused by African dust.  Can someone explain
> to me the logic behind this when the same species of sea urchin is doing
> well, and matter of fact, has been a pest because of too high of
> population densities on reefs just off the West coast of Africa (much
> closer to the dust and potential  pathogen source)?
>
> Happy New Year to all.
>
> Alina Szmant
>
> >===== Original Message From "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com> =====
> >Dear Coral List:
> >
> >For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you might
> >find these tidbits of interest.
> >
> >Have a great holiday!
> >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> >
> >The Dust Hypothesis
> >
> >Question:
> >
> >Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
> >much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and
near
> >extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
> >1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to
coral
> >reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
> >factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is
low.
> >Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?
> >
> >(Contineud)
> >
> >http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
> >
> >
> >   Online mini-movie
> >
> >      Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes,
and
> >      Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
> >      Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"
> >
> >   http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/
> >
> >
> >   National Public Radio interview
> >
> >      Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were interviewed
> >      along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public
Radio
> >      station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
> >      "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.
> >
> >
www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
> >
> >
> >////////////////
> >
> >
> >Mercury From China Rains Down on California
> >
> >   Environmental News Service (ENS)
> >   http://ens-news.com/
> >
> >   December 20, 2002
> >
> >SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major source
> >of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new
study
> >suggests.
> >
> >The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
> >pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
> >because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
> >agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering
the
> >state's waters from various sources.
> >
> >It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
> >pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
> >Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed
out
> >in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can be
> >captured by water droplets.
> >
> >Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role
in
> >this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
> >published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
> >Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers from
> >the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
> >print edition of the journal.
> >
> >"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere, and
> >it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets deposited
in
> >rainfall," Steding said.
> >
> >Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
> >burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many
parts
> >of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric
mercury
> >is coal combustion in China.
> >
> >China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
> >total global industrial emissions of mercury.
> >
> >Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the
winter
> >due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury
and
> >ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
> >incorporated into developing storms.
> >
> >"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of
mercury
> >emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
> >storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
> >said.
> >
> >Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California:
on
> >the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near San
> >Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
> >event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a
national
> >climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
> >Asia.
> >
> >Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
> >concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific
Ocean.
> >Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
> >natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.
> >
> >Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
> >higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference
between
> >the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
> >mercury.
> >
> >"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation rate.
We
> >see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a local
> >enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we want
to
> >reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions
of
> >mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in
the
> >atmosphere ends up in rainwater."
> >
> >Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the
mercury
> >in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the deposition
> >in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the
food
> >chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.
> >
> >State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
> >fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including San
> >Francisco Bay.
> >
> >  #  #  #
> >
> >http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
> >
> >
> >///////////////////
> >
> >
> >Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell
> >
> >Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
> >Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America
> >
> >10.1029/2002JD002081
> >
> >19 December 2002
> >
> >http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec
> >
> >
> >////////////////
> >
> >
> >Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...
> >
> >ScienceDaily News Release
> >
> >.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
> >from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.
> >
> >http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm
> >
> >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> >
> >*****************************************
> >Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!
> >*****************************************
> >~~~~~~~
> >For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> >digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> Alina M. Szmant
> UNCW Center for Marine Science
> On travel from UNCW
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: African Dust
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 14:43:28 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
I have subsequently heard that Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison have graduate
students working on this aspect, so I expect they will publish and/or
describe
something before too long. Sorry for the extra bandwidth...
    Cheers,
    Jim
Jim Hendee wrote:
> I have tried to search the literature to see if any controlled
> experiments have been conducted to ascertain whether pathogens on
> African Dust have been implicated in the onset of sea urchin or coral
> disease.  I searched Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts, Oceanic
> Abstracts, Biosis, FirstSearch and the last couple of years of the Coral
> Reefs journal, but could not find that any work that has been done with
> controlled experiments and African Dust (AD).  I would be interested to
> know if any work has been done, because we would be interested in using
> any results in the development of a sensor for the Dust on our CREWS
> environmental monitoring stations.
>
> So, if no experimental work has been done, might I suggest the following
> be considered by those of you who might have the resources.  My
> apologies if this seems obvious, but it does appear the theory needs to
> be further investigated.
>
> Experimental Grid Utilizing Closed Aquaria
> ------------------------------------------
>
> 1)  Control tank with one or more species of corals and or urchins (with
> appropriate permits, of course!).  Use the species of urchin that we
> know gets infected (see Haris Lessios' last post).
>
> 2)  Tank with same critters, gets AD collected from USGS dust
> collectors, at same theorized rate of introduction as through AD storms.
>
> 3)  Second control tank with "sanitized" AD.  Any change in animal
> health in this tank might thus be due to the chemical properties of the
> dust itself; or in some way stress the animal(s) to be more susceptible
> to secondary infection by a pathogen.
>
> 4)  Third control tank innoculated with theorized pathogens (including
> human ones) alone (i.e., no AD).  Obviously, this would have to be
> closely controlled to prevent infecting the researcher!
>
> Follow up with microbiological assay.  Continuously monitor the room(s)
> where aquaria are kept to see if the AD "leaks" into the rooms.  All
> temperatures, salinity, light, feeding, etc. controlled  to be same
> across all tanks and to be the as close to nature as possible.  Future
> or parallel experiment might be to raise sea temperature to near
> bleaching threshold, thus seeing any possible correlations there.
>
> That should help settle the question, I would think.  Sounds like a good
> graduate student project to me.
>
>     Cheers,
>     Jim
>
> szmanta wrote:
>
> > Dear All:
> >
> > I have read several times the hypothesis that the Diadema die-off in
> > the  Caribbean was somehow caused by African dust.  Can someone explain
> > to me the logic behind this when the same species of sea urchin is doing
> > well, and matter of fact, has been a pest because of too high of
> > population densities on reefs just off the West coast of Africa (much
> > closer to the dust and potential  pathogen source)?
> >
> > Happy New Year to all.
> >
> > Alina Szmant
> >
> > >===== Original Message From "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com> =====
> > >Dear Coral List:
> > >
> > >For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you
might
> > >find these tidbits of interest.
> > >
> > >Have a great holiday!
> > >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> > >
> > >The Dust Hypothesis
> > >
> > >Question:
> > >
> > >Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
> > >much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and
near
> > >extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
> > >1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to
coral
> > >reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
> > >factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is
low.
> > >Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?
> > >
> > >(Contineud)
> > >
> > >http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
> > >
> > >
> > >   Online mini-movie
> > >
> > >      Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes,
and
> > >      Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
> > >      Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"
> > >
> > >   http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/
> > >
> > >
> > >   National Public Radio interview
> > >
> > >      Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were
interviewed
> > >      along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public
Radio
> > >      station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
> > >      "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.
> > >
> > >
www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
> > >
> > >
> > >////////////////
> > >
> > >
> > >Mercury From China Rains Down on California
> > >
> > >   Environmental News Service (ENS)
> > >   http://ens-news.com/
> > >
> > >   December 20, 2002
> > >
> > >SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major
source
> > >of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new
study
> > >suggests.
> > >
> > >The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
> > >pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
> > >because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
> > >agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering
the
> > >state's waters from various sources.
> > >
> > >It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
> > >pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
> > >Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed
out
> > >in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can
be
> > >captured by water droplets.
> > >
> > >Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role
in
> > >this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
> > >published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
> > >Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers
from
> > >the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
> > >print edition of the journal.
> > >
> > >"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere,
and
> > >it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets
deposited in
> > >rainfall," Steding said.
> > >
> > >Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
> > >burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many
parts
> > >of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric
mercury
> > >is coal combustion in China.
> > >
> > >China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
> > >total global industrial emissions of mercury.
> > >
> > >Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the
winter
> > >due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury
and
> > >ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
> > >incorporated into developing storms.
> > >
> > >"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of
mercury
> > >emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
> > >storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
> > >said.
> > >
> > >Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California:
on
> > >the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near
San
> > >Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
> > >event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a
national
> > >climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
> > >Asia.
> > >
> > >Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
> > >concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific
Ocean.
> > >Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
> > >natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.
> > >
> > >Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
> > >higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference
between
> > >the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
> > >mercury.
> > >
> > >"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation
rate. We
> > >see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a
local
> > >enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we
want to
> > >reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions
of
> > >mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in
the
> > >atmosphere ends up in rainwater."
> > >
> > >Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the
mercury
> > >in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the
deposition
> > >in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the
food
> > >chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.
> > >
> > >State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
> > >fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including
San
> > >Francisco Bay.
> > >
> > >  #  #  #
> > >
> > >http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
> > >
> > >
> > >///////////////////
> > >
> > >
> > >Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell
> > >
> > >Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
> > >Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America
> > >
> > >10.1029/2002JD002081
> > >
> > >19 December 2002
> > >
> > >http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec
> > >
> > >
> > >////////////////
> > >
> > >
> > >Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...
> > >
> > >ScienceDaily News Release
> > >
> > >.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
> > >from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.
> > >
> > >http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm
> > >
> > >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> > >
> > >*****************************************
> > >Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!
> > >*****************************************
> > >~~~~~~~
> > >For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > >digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
> >
> > Alina M. Szmant
> > UNCW Center for Marine Science
> > On travel from UNCW
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: DUST BORNE VICE WATER BORNE PATHOGEN; BACTERIAL VS. VIRAL: CARIBBEAN DIADEMA
Date: Fri, 3 Jan 2003 17:33:59 -0500
From: "Keven Reed" <kevenreed@earthlink.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, "lessiosh" <lessiosh@naos.si.edu>,
     "szmanta" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
Dear all,
    Since the spread of the 1983 Diadema antillarum die off started on the
Caribbean end of the Panama canal and then moved across the Caribbean in a
typical epizootic fashion, and the surveys of fish predators such as
toadfishes stayed at preabundance levels (albeit with broader diets),
intuition (not data) makes me want to pin the etiology on a viral pathogen
that Pacific species of Diadema were immune to, then it was delivered in
ship's ballast after passage from West to East through the canal.
    I believe I once heard Chuck Birkeland lament that we didn't have
virologists on the field specimens twenty years ago to answer this medical
veterinary mystery. Respectfully, Keven
Keven Reed, O.D.
Joint Readiness Clinical Advisory Board
1423 Sultan Street
Fort Detrick, MD 21702
kevenreed@earthlink.net
Work (301) 619-2186
Work FAX (301) 619-2355
----- Original Message -----
From: "szmanta" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>; "coral-list"
<coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Wednesday, January 01, 2003 5:45 PM
Subject: RE: The Dust Hypothesis
> Dear All:
>
> I have read several times the hypothesis that the Diadema die-off in
> the  Caribbean was somehow caused by African dust.  Can someone explain
> to me the logic behind this when the same species of sea urchin is doing
> well, and matter of fact, has been a pest because of too high of
> population densities on reefs just off the West coast of Africa (much
> closer to the dust and potential  pathogen source)?
>
> Happy New Year to all.
>
> Alina Szmant
>
> >===== Original Message From "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com> =====
> >Dear Coral List:
> >
> >For those following the "dust" for the past few years I thought you might
> >find these tidbits of interest.
> >
> >Have a great holiday!
> >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> >
> >The Dust Hypothesis
> >
> >Question:
> >
> >Why have coral reefs that are bathed in clear oceanic waters throughout
> >much of the Caribbean suffered algal infestation, coral diseases, and
near
> >extinction of herbivorous sea urchins almost simultaneously during the
> >1970s, 1980s, and early 1990s? The best known factors detrimental to
coral
> >reefs include sewage, run-off from land, dredging, UV light, etc. These
> >factors do not apply for many affected reefs where human population is
low.
> >Is there an alternative way to spread nutrients and diseases?
> >
> >(Contineud)
> >
> >http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/
> >
> >
> >   Online mini-movie
> >
> >      Watch USGS scientists Ginger Garrison, Gene Shinn, Chuck Holmes,
and
> >      Dale Griffin in "The Effects of Globally Transported African and
> >      Asian Dust on Coral Reef and Human Health"
> >
> >   http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/documentary/
> >
> >
> >   National Public Radio interview
> >
> >      Project scientists Gene Shinn and Ginger Garrison were interviewed
> >      along with geologist/novelist Sarah Andrews on National Public
Radio
> >      station KQED in San Francisco on the popular morning talk show
> >      "Forum" on January 15, 2002. Listen to the interview.
> >
> >
www.kqed.org/audioarchive/frameset/forum/2002/01/2002-01-15b-forum.html
> >
> >
> >////////////////
> >
> >
> >Mercury From China Rains Down on California
> >
> >   Environmental News Service (ENS)
> >   http://ens-news.com/
> >
> >   December 20, 2002
> >
> >SANTA CRUZ, California, - Industrial emissions in Asia are a major source
> >of mercury in rainwater that falls along the California coast, a new
study
> >suggests.
> >
> >The mercury in rainwater is not in itself a health threat, but mercury
> >pollution is a problem in San Francisco Bay and other California waters
> >because the toxic element builds up in the food chain. State regulatory
> >agencies are looking for ways to reduce the amount of mercury entering
the
> >state's waters from various sources.
> >
> >It is not just the mercury itself but a whole cocktail of atmospheric
> >pollutants that contribute to the deposition of mercury in rainfall.
> >Elemental mercury behaves as a gas in the atmosphere and is not washed
out
> >in rain until it has been oxidized into a charged ionic form that can be
> >captured by water droplets.
> >
> >Ozone, a major component of urban and industrial smog, plays a key role
in
> >this oxidation process, said Douglas Steding, lead author of a paper
> >published Thursday in the online edition of the "Journal of Geophysical
> >Research - Atmospheres." The report by Steding and other researchers from
> >the University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC) will appear in a later
> >print edition of the journal.
> >
> >"There is a relatively large reservoir of mercury in the atmosphere, and
> >it's the rate of oxidation that determines how much of it gets deposited
in
> >rainfall," Steding said.
> >
> >Mercury is a trace contaminant of most coal, and emissions from coal
> >burning power plants are a major source of mercury pollution in many
parts
> >of the world. In the Pacific Basin, the main source of atmospheric
mercury
> >is coal combustion in China.
> >
> >China relies on coal as a fuel and accounts for about 10 percent of the
> >total global industrial emissions of mercury.
> >
> >Air pollution in China also generates ozone, which peaks during the
winter
> >due to increased fuel consumption for heating. Air loaded with mercury
and
> >ozone moves off the continent into the Western Pacific, where it is
> >incorporated into developing storms.
> >
> >"The mercury we measured in rainwater results from a combination of
mercury
> >emissions and ozone production, as well as meteorological factors - the
> >storm tracks that transport the pollutants across the Pacific," Steding
> >said.
> >
> >Steding collected rainwater samples at two sites in central California:
on
> >the coast at UCSC's Long Marine Laboratory and at Moffett Field near San
> >Jose, on the inland side of the Santa Cruz Mountains. For each rainfall
> >event, the researchers used air mass trajectories calculated by a
national
> >climate lab to trace the movement of the storms across the Pacific from
> >Asia.
> >
> >Rainwater collected at the coastal site showed the background
> >concentrations of mercury in storms as they arrived off the Pacific
Ocean.
> >Those measurements were about three times higher than estimates of the
> >natural, preindustrial level, Steding said.
> >
> >Rainwater from the inland site showed mercury concentrations 44 percent
> >higher than at the coastal site. Steding attributed the difference
between
> >the two sites to ozone in Bay Area smog, rather than local emissions of
> >mercury.
> >
> >"There is a local influence of urban smog on the mercury oxidation rate.
We
> >see a background signal of mercury blowing off the Pacific, then a local
> >enrichment that's probably due to urban smog," Steding said. "If we want
to
> >reduce mercury deposition, it's not enough to shut down local emissions
of
> >mercury, because other pollutants influence how much of the mercury in
the
> >atmosphere ends up in rainwater."
> >
> >Steding said people should not worry about health effects from the
mercury
> >in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low. But the deposition
> >in rain does add mercury to surface waters, where the toxin enters the
food
> >chain and builds up to high levels in certain kinds of fish.
> >
> >State health officials have issued advisories warning people not to eat
> >fish from more than a dozen bodies of water in California, including San
> >Francisco Bay.
> >
> >  #  #  #
> >
> >http://ens-news.com/ens/dec2002/2002-12-20-09.asp#anchor1
> >
> >
> >///////////////////
> >
> >
> >Steding, Douglas J.; Flegal, A. Russell
> >
> >Mercury concentrations in coastal California precipitation:
> >Evidence of local and trans-Pacific fluxes of mercury to North America
> >
> >10.1029/2002JD002081
> >
> >19 December 2002
> >
> >http://www.agu.org/pubs/toc2002/jd.shtml#dec
> >
> >
> >////////////////
> >
> >
> >Mercury In California Rainwater Traced ...
> >
> >ScienceDaily News Release
> >
> >.. Steding emphasized that people should not worry about health effects
> >from the mercury in rainwater, because the concentrations are very low.
> >
> >http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2002/12/021220075156.htm
> >
> >- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
> >
> >*****************************************
> >Season's Greetings from NOAA's CHAMP!
> >*****************************************
> >~~~~~~~
> >For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> >digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> Alina M. Szmant
> UNCW Center for Marine Science
> On travel from UNCW
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Announcement: MARINE PROTECTED AREA FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE (USA)
Date: Mon, 06 Jan 2003 13:45:15 -0500
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
FYI Coral listers -
Note there are several members named to this new U.S. Federal Advisory
Committee on marine protected areas that are active in coral reef issues
(e.g., Mark Hixon, Tundi Agardi, Ernesto Diaz, Lelei Peau (Chair of the
All-Islands Coral Reef Initiative)).
________________________
NOAA 2003-001
 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
 Contact: Glenda Tyson
 1/3/03
NOAA News Releases 2003
NOAA Home Page
NOAA Public Affairs
COMMERCE AND INTERIOR DEPARTMENTS SELECT CANDIDATES FOR NATIONAL MARINE
                   PROTECTED AREA FEDERAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE
 Today, the Department of Commerce, with assistance from the Department
of the Interior,
 named final candidates for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
 National Marine Protected Area Federal Advisory Committee. Required as
part of Presidential
 Executive Order 13158 dealing with Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), the
30-person committee
 represents a broad stakeholder community, including scientists,
academia, commercial and
 recreational fishermen, resource users and managers, and
environmentalists.
 The advisory committees duties include providing advice and
recommendations to the
 Secretaries of Commerce and the Interior on implementation of aspects
of the MPA Executive
 Order. The members may establish working groups, subcommittees, or task
forces as needed
 to fulfill the committees goals. They also will create a scientific
working group of experts in
 marine and ocean science fields, which will assess the conditions of
natural and submerged
 cultural resources within the nations MPAs. The members will serve for
two or three-year
 terms, and will elect a chairperson from the group.
 Marine protected areas are important resource management tools, said
Commerce Secretary
 Don Evans. We look forward to strong leadership from these individuals
in helping us determine
 how best to continue our efforts, balancing conservation needs with
commercial and
 recreational interests as we move forward to protect the marine
environment for present and
 future generations.
 The committee will be supported by the National Marine Protected Areas
Center, established
 by NOAA in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, as required
by Executive Order.
 The MPA Center is charged with providing federal, state, territorial,
tribal and local
 governments with the information, technologies, training and strategies
to coordinate federal
 activities related to MPAs.
 Final candidates for the MPA Federal Advisory Committee are:
      Dr. Tundi Agardy, Sound Seas; Bethesda, Md.
      Mr. Robert Bendick, Jr., The Nature Conservancy; Altamonte
Springs, Fla.
      Mr. David Benton, North Pacific Fishery Management Council;
Anchorage, Alaska
      Dr. Daniel Bromley, University of Wisconsin; Madison, Wis.
      Dr. Anthony Chatwin, Conservation Law Foundation; Boston, Mass.
      Dr. Michael Cruickshank, Marine Minerals, Technology Center
Associates; Honolulu,
      Hawaii
      Mr. Ernesto Diaz, Puerto Rico Coastal Zone Mgmt. Program; San
Juan, Puerto Rico
      Ms. Carol Dinkins, Vinson & Elkins Attorneys At Law; Houston,
Texas
      Dr. Rodney Fujita, Environmental Defense; Oakland, Calif.
      Dr. Dolores Garza, University of Alaska; Ketchikan, Alaska
      Mr. Eric Gilman, National Audubon Society; Honolulu, Hawaii
      Dr. Mark Hixon, Oregon State University; Corvallis, Ore.
      Mr. George Lapointe, Maine Department of Marine Resources;
Augusta, Maine
      Dr. Bonnie McCay, Rutgers University; New Brunswick, N.J.
      Mr. Melvin E. Moon, Jr., Quileute Natural Resources Department;
LaPush, Wash.
      Mr. Robert Moran, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, D.C.
      Dr. Steven Murray, California State University; Fullerton, Calif.
      Mr. Michael Nussman, American Sportfishing Association;
Alexandria, Va.
      Dr. John Ogden, Florida Institute of Oceanography; St. Petersburg,
Fla.
      Mr. Terry OHalloran, hulaRez Inc.; Kalaheo, Hawaii
      Mr. Lelei Peau, Dept. of Commerce of American Samoa Pago Pago;
American Samoa
      Dr. Walter Pereyra, Arctic Storm Management Group, Inc.; Seattle,
Wash.
      Mr. Max Peterson, International Assoc. of Fish and Wildlife
Agencies; Washington, D.C.
      Mr. Gilbert Radonski, Sport Fishing Institute; Cape Carteret, N.C.
      Mr. James Ray, Environmental Ecology and Response Shell Global
Solutions (U.S.)Inc.;
      Houston, Texas
      Ms. Barbara Stevenson, Portland Fish Exchange; Portland, Maine
      Dr. Daniel Suman, University of Miami; Miami, Fla.
      Capt. Thomas E. Thompson, USCG (Ret.), International Council of
Cruise Lines; Arlington,
      Va.
      Ms. H. Kay Williams, Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council;
Vancleave, Miss.
      Mr. Robert Zales, II, Bob Zales Charters; Panama City, Fla.
 Committee members were nominated by organizations and individuals.
Potential members are
 offered membership into the committee and then must undergo a
background check. These
 candidates were selected by a panel of experts from both agencies
seeking to ensure that the
 committees membership represented the broad spectrum of interested
parties throughout the
 nation.
 NOAA is dedicated to exploring, understanding, conserving and restoring
the nations coasts
 and oceans. NOAA Ocean Service balances environmental protection with
economic prosperity
 in fulfilling its mission of promoting safe navigation, supporting
coastal communities, sustaining
 coastal habitats and mitigating coastal hazards. NOAA Fisheries ensures
the sustainable use of
 marine fishery resources, protects marine mammal and sea turtle
populations, and promotes
 the health of coastal and offshore marine habitats.
 Marine protected areas are one of several management tools NOAA
Fisheries uses to prevent
 decline and promote recovery of marine fish, mammal and sea turtle
species that fall under the
 agency's stewardship responsibilities. In partnership with the eight
regional fishery
 management councils, NOAA Ocean Service, states, fishermen, and coastal
communities,
 NOAA Fisheries combines protected areas with other marine resource
management tools to
 ensure a healthy and bountiful ocean for all Americans.
 The Department of the Interior is the nations principal conservation
agency. Interior serves as
 the steward for approximately 426 million acres of Americas public
land, representing about 19
 percent of the U.S. land surface and 66 percent of all federally owned
land. Interior also
 manages mineral development on the 1.48 billion acre U.S. outer
continental shelf. Interiors
 National Park Service currently manages 385 parks and serves about 285
million visitors.
 Interiors Fish and Wildlife Service is the primary federal agency
responsible for the protection,
 conservation, and renewal of fish, wildlife, plants and their habitats,
and manages 538 refuges
 and 37 wetland management districts throughout the U.S.
 For more information online:
 Department of Commerce - http://www.commerce.gov
 NOAA - http://www.noaa.gov
 NOAA Ocean Service - http://www.nos.noaa.gov
 NOAA Fisheries - http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov
 National Marine Protected Areas Center - http://www.mpa.gov
 Department of the Interior - http://www.doi.gov
 National Park Service - http://www.nps.gov
 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - http://www.fws.gov
 Minerals Management Service - http://www.mms.gov
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: the pollution word
Date: Tue, 7 Jan 2003 09:54:49 -0500
From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Jim, Thank you for having the fortitude to point it out the problem
with the word "pollution." As you know one persons food (or funding) is
another's poison. We should as you say, "identify what the anthropogenic
factors are that influence reefs" In the rush to save reefs it appears we
have skipped over the basic research needed to quantify these factors and/or
ignored those results that do not support legal and sociopolitical leanings.
Pollution means many thing$ to many people. Thanks for broaching the
subject. Gene
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/ |
E. A. Shinn
email eshinn@usgs.gov
USGS Center for Coastal Geology |
600 4th St. South | voice (727) 803-8747 x3030
St.Petersburg, FL 33701 | fax (727) 803-2032
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: the pollution word
Date: Tue, 7 Jan 2003 13:01:49 -0500
From: "Michael Risk" <riskmj@univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hi Gene.
I think this may be another semantic problem.
Friend of mine, one of the finest environmental geochemists to walk the
earth, had couple simple definitions. (Yeah, I know, we all hate
definitions.)
Contamination is when you can measure it.
Pollution is when it hurts something.
Happy Hogmanay.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: CREI Vacancy Oceanographer/Marine Biologist
Date: Tue, 7 Jan 2003 19:46:13 -0500
From: "Rusty Brainard" <Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>, David.Gulko@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
<david_a_gulko@exec.state.hi.us>
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list
Aloha,
Please see the following vacancy for Oceanographer or Marine Biologist:
https://www.jobs.doc.gov/cool/doc/APP_VAC_VIEW?F_USERNAME=&F_ANN_NO=84181&F_AG_ID=11&SK=
Thanks, Rusty
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: New Caledonia project
Date: Wed, 8 Jan 2003 03:38:42 -0500
From: "sebastien sarramegna" <SSarramegna@falconbridge.nc>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hello,
       I am working on an environmental monitoring program in Tropical
reef ecosystem, and I am interesting in methods used to determine the
stress level or the health of the corals. I am aware of the standard
methods used in ecosystem environments (LIT,  Quadrats etc).   I would
like to have information on methods that could detect changing more
precociously. For example, to detect stress on coral due to high
turbidity it is possible to use the living coral tissue thickness.
    Thank you for all information
Sbastien Sarramegna
Biologiste/Service Environnement
Falonbridge NC SAS
9, rue d'Austerlitz
B.P. MGA08 98802
Noum Cedex
Nouvelle-Caldonie/New Caledonia
Tel : (687) 24 60 40
Fax : (687) 24 60 49
Email : ssarramegna@falconbridge.nc
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Director Vacancy Announcement
Date: Wed, 8 Jan 2003 10:48:26 -0500
From: John Wickham <John.Wickham@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Colleague,
The following announcement opened January 6, 2003.   The position will
serve as the Center Director of the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal
Ocean Research/Coastal Ocean Program (CSCOR/COP).
Interdisciplinary Supervisory Ecologist, GS-408-15 OR Oceanographer,
GS-1360-15, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)/National Ocean Service (NOS)/National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science (NCCOS)/Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, Coastal
Ocean Program
NOAAs Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research (CSCOR) / Coastal
Ocean Program (COP) seeks a Interdisciplinary Supervisory Ecologist,
GS-408-15 OR Oceanographer, GS-1360-15. The employee of this position
will serve as the Center Director with oversight responsibility for all
the research, programmatic, administrative and operational
responsibility supporting the Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean
Research (CSCOR). He/she oversees the overall planning, direction and
timely execution of the programs of CSCOR. The Center Director's
oversight includes development, assignment and higher level clearance of
goals and objectives for CSCOR; approving multi-year and longer range
work plans developed by the staff and management of the overall work to
enhance achievement of the goals and objectives; overseeing the revision
of long range plans, goals and objectives for the work directed;
managing the development of policy changes in response to changes in
levels of appropriations or other legislated changes; managing
organizational changes and major change to the structure and content of
the program; and exercising discretionary authority to approve the
allocation and distribution of CSCOR budgeted funds.  He/she will
promote the mission of CSCOR and foster collaborations and utilize
CSCOR's unique capabilities to establish national and international
research. Strong management and technical skills are required to lead
programs aimed at ensuring sponsored research is of impeccable quality,
addresses national needs, and identifies coastal environmental problems
of the future. These capabilities are intended to help provide NOAA with
a sound scientific basis to achieve its strategic goals of sustaining
healthy coastal areas and to augment related coastal assessment and
forecasting activities within NCCOS and other parts of NOAA.
The salary range for this position is $92,060-$119,682.  To apply,
please visit:
https://www.jobs.doc.gov/cool/doc/APP_VAC_VIEW?F_USERNAME=&F_ANN_NO=85408&F_AG_ID=11&SK=
and submit your application via NOAAs Commerce Opportunities On-Line
(COOL) system. Please respond to vacancy number HNOS03.037JMM.  The
closing date is midnight, EST, February 28, 2003. Only United States
citizens may apply.  NOAA is an equal opportunity employer.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: uw-paper
Date: Wed, 8 Jan 2003 13:28:59 -0500
From: "Saba National Marine Park" <smp@unspoiledqueen.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Does anyone know a supplier of underwater paper, preferably in Florida?
David Kooistra
Manager Saba Marine Park/Saba Hyperbaric Facility
PO Box 18, The Bottom
Saba, Netherlands Antilles
Phone: 599 416 3295
Fax: 599 416 3435
Cellular: (5990) 522 5168
Web-site: www.sabapark.org
E-mail: smp@unspoiledqueen.com
Subject: Re: Diagnostic Monitoring/New Caledonia project
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 03 10:00:29 -0500
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "sebastien sarramegna" <SSarramegna@falconbridge.nc>,
     "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Ken Potts" <Potts.Kennard@epamail.epa.gov>
Dear Sebastien,
Regarding:
>Hello,
>
>       I am working on an environmental monitoring program in Tropical
>reef ecosystem, and I am interesting in methods used to determine the
>stress level or the health of the corals. I am aware of the standard
>methods used in ecosystem environments (LIT,  Quadrats etc).   I would
>like to have information on methods that could detect changing more
>precociously. For example, to detect stress on coral due to high
>turbidity it is possible to use the living coral tissue thickness.
>
>    Thank you for all information
>
>Sbastien Sarramegna
>Biologiste/Service Environnement
>Falonbridge NC SAS
>9, rue d'Austerlitz
>B.P. MGA08 98802
>Noum Cedex
>Nouvelle-Caldonie/New Caledonia
>Tel : (687) 24 60 40
>Fax : (687) 24 60 49
>Email : ssarramegna@falconbridge.nc
Ken Potts (USEPA) and I have proposed to Chair (waiting for
approval) a Mini-Symposium on:
"Diagnostic Monitoring & Assessment of Coral Reefs: Studies
from Around the World"
at the 10th ISRS Symposium in Okinawa.
Aim and scope of the mini-symposium:
The aim of this mini-symposium is to report progress on developing a
new paradigm for coral reef monitoring and assessment - that is, one
with an early warning and diagnostic capability.
The scope of the mini-symposium will focus on the development of coral
reef indexes of biotic integrity and biocriteria, dose-response metrics,
studies on bioindicators, and other diagnostic monitoring tools.  The
mini-symposium will also focus on classifying coral reefs for diagnostic
monitoring and assessment and establishing reference conditions. All
papers presented in this mini-symposium will be placed on the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency coral reef web site
(www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral) to build the Diagnostic Monitoring and
Assessment Data Base and provide information to others working in this
field.
Also at  <www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral> see:
Jameson SC, Erdmann MV, Gibson Jr GR, Potts KW (1998) Development of
biological criteria for         coral reef ecosystem assessment.  Atoll Res
Bull,
September 1998, No. 450, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 102 pp
and
Jameson SC, Erdmann MV, Karr JR, Potts KW (2001) Charting a course toward
diagnostic monitoring: A continuing review of coral reef attributes and a
research strategy for creating coral reef indexes of biotic integrity.
Bull Mar Sci 69(2):701-744
Best regards,
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RE: ARMS: Artificial Reef Matrix Systems
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2003 12:39:08 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: <tawake_a@usp.ac.fj>, "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Alifereti,
I found this on website:
http://www.nhm.org/marcom/news/voyages/research.htm.
"ARMS-Artificial Reef Matrix Structure - Because it is so difficult to
capture small creatures that live within the coral heads themselves without
actually destroying parts of the reef, the research team invented structures
that would mimic the various habitats provided by coral."
Cheers!
 John
_________________________________________________________
John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
Sent: Thursday, January 09, 2003 11:59 PM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: rqauqau@fisheries.gov.fj; sqalovaki@govnet.gov.fj; samasoni Sauni;
etika Rupeni
Subject: ARMS: Artificial Reef Matrix Systems
Dear Coral Listers,
A team is coming to do a survey here in Fiji and they are proposing this
ARMS:
Artificial Reef Matrix Systems technique.
I and most of my colleages here in Fiji have not used it let alone hear it.
We are
only farmiliar with other standard reef monitoring methods.
Can anyone please direct us to where we can find more infor on this
technique or
how different it is from Belt or LIT methods commonly used?
Look forward to your response.
_____________________________
Alifereti Tawake, Scientific Officer,
Institute of Applied Science (IAS),
University of the South Pacific (USP), Private Mail Bag, Suva Fiji.
Ph: (679) 3212653(W), (679) 3391339 (H)
Fax: (679) 3300373    Email: Tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
****************************************************************************
*********
Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network Project Liaison Officer
(PLO)
****************************************************************************
*********
LMMA Network: a FOS Learning Portfolio Coordination Team (PCT) Member
*********************************************************************
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RFP for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Date: Thu, 09 Jan 2003 17:14:55 -0500
From: "Brian Keller" <Brian.Keller@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA FKNMS
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Please note the following request for preproposals for research in the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Posted at:
http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/research_monitoring/rfp2003fin.pdf
Please also note that the contact person is Dr. Bill Kruczynski
(kruczynski.bill@epamail.epa.gov; 850-934-9298).
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
REQUEST FOR PREPROPOSALS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY- REGION 4
 WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PROGRAM
 FOR THE
 FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY
NOAAS UNDERSEA RESEARCH PROGRAM
AND THE
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT WILMINGTONS
NATIONAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH CENTER
NOAA CORAL REEF CONSERVATION PROGRAM
SANCTUARY FRIENDS OF THE FLORIDA KEYS
Summary:  The purpose of this notice is to advise the public that The
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 4, the
National Undersea Research Center NOAAs Undersea Research Program
(NURP) and the University of North Carolinas National Undersea Center,
the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NCRCP), and Sanctuary Friends
of the Florida Keys announces opportunities for special studies in the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  Funding is contingent upon the
availability of federal appropriations.  It is anticipated that projects
funded under this announcement will have an October 1, 2003 start date.
Preproposals are requested for the following priority topics:
1.  Factors affecting recruitment and survival of marine species
2.  Triggering mechanisms and causative agents and/or processes that
 result in declines of coral abundance, coverage and species richness
3.  Factors affecting the distribution, abundance, and virulence of
pathogenic bacteria,
 viruses, or other pathogenic organisms
4.  Affects of management measures on abundance and distribution of
marine organisms
BACKGROUND
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) was created by Public
Law 101-605, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection
Act of 1990.  Included in the Sanctuary are 2900 square nautical miles
of nearshore waters extending from Biscayne Bay to the Dry Tortugas.
The 1990 Act directed EPA and the State of Florida, in consultation with
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), to develop a
Water Quality Protection Program (WQPP) for the Sanctuary.  This is the
first designated marine sanctuary required to have a WQPP.
The purpose of the WQPP is to recommend priority corrective actions and
compliance schedules addressing point and nonpoint sources of pollution
to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity
of the Sanctuary.  This includes restoration and maintenance of a
balanced, indigenous population of corals, shellfish, fish and wildlife,
and recreational activities in and on the water.  In addition, the Act
requires the development of a comprehensive water quality monitoring
program.  This announcement concerns the Research/Special Studies
Component of the WQPP that has been incorporated into the FKNMS Draft
Science Plan.
Since 1991, EPA and the State of Florida have worked with NOAA and other
federal, state, and local governmental agencies, university scientists,
environmental groups, and the public to develop a WQPP for the
Sanctuary.  The National Marine Sanctuaries Program Amendments Act of
1992 requires that EPA and the State implement the WQPP in cooperation
with NOAA.  A "Final Water Quality Protection Program Document" was
approved by the WQPP Steering Committee and contains the rationale and
strategies to achieve the goals of the WQPP.
The Draft FKNMS Science Plan identifies priority research areas that
include the four topic areas for this request for preproposals.  These
topic areas have been reviewed by the FKNMS Technical Advisory Committee
(TAC).   The Draft Science Plan includes short- and long-term data
collection, to understand causal linkages between pollution sources and
ecological problems.  This understanding will be used to develop
predictive models, evaluate management alternatives, devise corrective
actions, and improve the monitoring program.
The overall objective of the Special Studies Program is to identify and
understand cause and effect relationships among pollutants, transport
pathways, and the biological communities of the Sanctuary.  Specific
objectives are to: 1) identify and document cause and effect linkages
between specific pollutants, water quality problems, and ecological
impacts; 2) improve understanding of Sanctuary ecosystems, and develop
predictive capabilities based on that understanding; and, 3) develop
monitoring and research tools to detect pollutants, provide early
warning of widespread ecological problems, and identify cause and effect
relationships.
 PRIORITY TOPICS FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
Recruitment and Survival of Marine Species
Monitoring activities have documented the declines of corals and other
important marine species in the Florida Keys.  Research is needed to
assess the recruitment and survival of stony coral populations
(particularly reef-building species) throughout the Keys, the potential
effects of ecological parameters on the recovery of benthic communities,
and evaluation of factors responsible for the declines.  Two examples of
non-coral species are given below, but research proposals need not be
limited to these two example species.
The long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) virtually disappeared
from waters surrounding the Florida Keys and much of the Caribbean basin
in 1983-84, and has only recently re-appeared in a few areas.  The cause
of the decline was never definitively established.  Research is needed
to assess natural recruitment rates and factors affecting survivorship.
The effectiveness of efforts (laboratory culturing and/or
transplantation/translocation experiments) to reintroduce urchins and
their subsequent effect on community structure need to be evaluated.
The queen conch has been protected from collection in waters of the
Florida Keys since 1986 because of severely diminished numbers.  Even
with protection, numbers of queen conch remain very low.  Recent
research suggests that some environmental factor(s) may prevent
successful gonad development in conchs found in nearshore waters while
those found offshore have mature gonads.  Research is needed to
determine factors controlling the population size of queen conch and
methods to maximize the successful re-establishment of this important
species.
Decline in Coral Abundance, Coverage, and Species Diversity
Monitoring at fixed stations throughout the Keys since 1996 has
documented a 37% decline in living coral coverage within spur and groove
habitats.     Multiple stressors have been proposed for the loss of
living coral, including nutrient addition to waters, coral diseases and
bleaching, global climate change, and other human impacts.  The
etiologies of coral diseases in general, and the newly discovered
diseases in particular, and the effects of disease on coral populations
in terms of prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates are largely
unknown.  Also, the role of environmental factors, such as degraded
water quality, in the onset and development of the diseases is not
understood.  Research is required to identify local, regional, and
global causative factors and processes that cause coral decline in the
Florida Keys.  Research is needed to understand the short and long-term
impacts of diseases, such as the impact of partial mortality on
reproduction and other functions.  Long-term studies of individual coral
colonies are needed to assess the effects of coral bleaching, disease,
mortality from various other sources, and potential for recovery.
Distribution and Abundance of Pathogenic Bacteria, Viruses, and other
Pathogens
Previous research in the Florida Keys identified pathogenic viruses in
69% of nearshore sampling stations.  Viruses were found to be infectious
at some stations during winter months.  Other research has documented
the concentration of human bacteria and viruses in coral mucus and the
identification of a potential coral disease organism as a widespread
bacterium that may be found in the human intestine and other
vertebrates.  Research is required to assess the distribution and
abundance of pathogens in waters of the Florida Keys, their sources and
impacts to human health, and their role in the continued survival of the
coral reef community.
Effects of Management Actions on Abundance and Distribution of Marine
Organisms
Preliminary research on the effects of established fully protected
(no-take) zones in the Florida Keys has demonstrated positive
increases in population size and average size of several commercially
and recreationally important fish species.  Also,  numbers and sizes of
spiny lobsters have increased in areas closed to fishing and other
extractive activities.  Research is required to understand and assess
the impacts of existing fully protected zones, including the recently
implemented Tortugas Ecological Reserve, on community interactions,
including commercially important fish and invertebrate species, as well
as non-commercially important organisms, such as algae, corals and
sponges.  Also, research is required to understand siting and sizing
requirements of protected areas to maximize their environmental
benefits.
 REQUEST FOR PREPROPOSALS
Investigators interested in submitting a preproposal in response to this
announcement should immediately fill out the Notice-of-Interest form
(Attachment A) attached to this announcement and send it to the address
or FAX number given on the form.
EPA has secured approximately $300,000 and Sanctuary Friends of the
Florida Keys has secured $100,000 to fund the special studies discussed
above.  In addition, it is anticipated that NURP/NCRCP will contribute
$150,000 in NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program funds, for total amount
of approximately $550,000 for this announcement.  Accepted proposals
will be eligible to receive funds via a grant, cooperative agreement, or
interagency agreement (federal agencies).  Proposals may be written for
one or two years.  Individual grants/cooperative agreements/interagency
agreements should not exceed a total of $100,000 per proposal.  A
minimum of 5% non-federal match is required for research projects funded
by EPA and Sanctuary Friends; a minimum of 50% non-federal match is
required for research projects funded by NURP/NCRCP.  Non-federal
matching funds may be comprised of a variety of public and private
sources and may include in-kind contributions and other non-cash
support.  For further guidance on the matching requirement, please refer
to Section 6403(b)(1) of the Coral Conservation Act of 2000.  Projects
with fieldwork in the upper Keys may be eligible to receive logistical
support through NURC/UNCW in Key Largo.
Eligibility criteria for the NURP/NCRCP funds:
Eligible applicants are U.S. institutions of higher education,
not-for-profit institutions, and state, local, and Indian tribal
governments.  Proposals may include federal researchers as collaborators
with a researcher who is affiliated with a U.S. academic institution,
non-federal agency, or any other non-profit organization.  Federal
organizations may not charge federal salary or overhead, but other
categories are appropriate.  Non-NOAA or EPA federal applicants must
demonstrate legal authority to receive funds from another federal agency
in excess of their appropriation.  Proposals selected for funding from
non-federal applicants will be funded through a cost-reimbursable or
cooperative agreement.  For proposals with a federal partner, the
federal partner will receive funds through an inter-agency transfer (or
intra-agency in the Case of a NOAA or EPA partner) from the national
NURP office.
Submission of a preproposal is required.  Five copies of a preproposal
must be submitted no later than February 3, 2003.  Preproposals should
consist of a Preproposal Title Page (Attachment B) and no greater than
three pages of text (12 point/10 pitch type).  Preproposals will be
evaluated and ranked by the Management Committee of the WQPP and
NURP/NCRCP staff.  Evaluation of preproposals will be based upon
conformance with this request and the goals and objectives of the FKNMS
Draft Science Plan.   A Draft Science Plan will be e-mailed upon
request.
Investigators will be notified by February 10, 2003 whether a full
proposal should be submitted for review.  At that time, detailed
instructions for the preparation and submission of the full proposal
will be sent to authors submitting successful preproposals.  The
deadline for receipt of a full proposal is March 10, 2003.  Full
proposals must be no greater than fifteen pages of text.
Full proposals will be peer reviewed by an external review panel and
ranked according to scientific merit and feasibility.  Highly ranked
proposals will be presented to the FKNMS TAC for review.  The TAC will
rank proposals with high scientific merit based upon relevance to the
goals and objectives of the Draft Science Plan.  The Management
Committee will give great weight to the recommendations of the TAC in
making their final selection of proposals for funding.  The Management
Committee will present their top candidates for funding to the Special
Studies Subcommittee of the Steering Committee for final approval.
Grants will be awarded no later than September 30, 2003.
If you have any questions concerning the Water Quality Protection
Program or this request for preproposals, please call Bill Kruczynski at
850-934-9298 or e-mail kruczynski.bill@epa.gov.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
 ATTACHMENT A
 NOTICE OF INTEREST
 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PROGRAM
 FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT WILMINGTONS
 NATIONAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH CENTER
 SANCTUARY FRIENDS OF THE FLORIDA KEYS
Investigators interested in submitting a preproposal for special studies
in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary should complete this form
and send it by mail or FAX to:
Dr. Bill Kruczynski, Program Scientist
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Gulf Ecology Laboratory
1 Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL  32561
FAX 850 934-9201
E-mail:  kruczynski.bill@epa.gov
Please Note:  Preproposals (5 copies) must be received no later than
February 3, 2003.
Name:______________________________________
Title:____________________________
Affiliation:___________________________________________________________________
Department:__________________________________________________________________
Mailing Address:_____________________________
City:____________________________
State:_______________________________________
Zip:_____________________________
Telephone Number:___________________________
FAX:____________________________
Email:_______________________________________________________________________
Your topic(s) of interest:
Recruitment and Survival               Coral Decline
Pathogens                 Management Effects
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
ATTACHMENT B
PREPROPOSAL TITLE PAGE
TO BE SUBMITTED WITH FIVE COPIES OF THREE PAGE MAXIMUM PREPROPOSAL NO
LATER THAN FEBRUARY 3, 2003
PROJECT
TITLE______________________________________________________________________--
____________________________________________________________________________
PROJECT LEADER   OTHER INVESTIGATORS
_______________________________   _____________________________
Name
_______________________________   _____________________________
Affiliation
_______________________________   _____________________________
Address
_______________________________   _____________________________
_______________________________   _____________________________
_______________________________   _____________________________
Telephone
_______________________________   _____________________________
E-mail
Co-Funding from an agency other than EPA is_____ is not_____ required to
support the proposed special study.  If co-funding is available, please
indicate the amount of the expected non-federal match and percentage of
match in relation to expected total request:__________.
SUBMITTED BY__________________________  DATE_______________________
Signature_________________________________
--
Brian D. Keller
Science Coordinator
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
P.O. Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
305-743-2437 x25 fax 2357
brian.keller@noaa.gov
http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RFP for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Date: Thu, 09 Jan 2003 17:14:55 -0500
From: "Brian Keller" <Brian.Keller@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA FKNMS
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Please note the following request for preproposals for research in the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. Posted at:
http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/research_monitoring/rfp2003fin.pdf
Please also note that the contact person is Dr. Bill Kruczynski
(kruczynski.bill@epamail.epa.gov; 850-934-9298).
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
REQUEST FOR PREPROPOSALS
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY- REGION 4
 WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PROGRAM
 FOR THE
 FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY
NOAAS UNDERSEA RESEARCH PROGRAM
AND THE
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT WILMINGTONS
NATIONAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH CENTER
NOAA CORAL REEF CONSERVATION PROGRAM
SANCTUARY FRIENDS OF THE FLORIDA KEYS
Summary:  The purpose of this notice is to advise the public that The
United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 4, the
National Undersea Research Center NOAAs Undersea Research Program
(NURP) and the University of North Carolinas National Undersea Center,
the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NCRCP), and Sanctuary Friends
of the Florida Keys announces opportunities for special studies in the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  Funding is contingent upon the
availability of federal appropriations.  It is anticipated that projects
funded under this announcement will have an October 1, 2003 start date.
Preproposals are requested for the following priority topics:
1.  Factors affecting recruitment and survival of marine species
2.  Triggering mechanisms and causative agents and/or processes that
 result in declines of coral abundance, coverage and species richness
3.  Factors affecting the distribution, abundance, and virulence of
pathogenic bacteria,
 viruses, or other pathogenic organisms
4.  Affects of management measures on abundance and distribution of
marine organisms
BACKGROUND
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) was created by Public
Law 101-605, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection
Act of 1990.  Included in the Sanctuary are 2900 square nautical miles
of nearshore waters extending from Biscayne Bay to the Dry Tortugas.
The 1990 Act directed EPA and the State of Florida, in consultation with
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), to develop a
Water Quality Protection Program (WQPP) for the Sanctuary.  This is the
first designated marine sanctuary required to have a WQPP.
The purpose of the WQPP is to recommend priority corrective actions and
compliance schedules addressing point and nonpoint sources of pollution
to restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity
of the Sanctuary.  This includes restoration and maintenance of a
balanced, indigenous population of corals, shellfish, fish and wildlife,
and recreational activities in and on the water.  In addition, the Act
requires the development of a comprehensive water quality monitoring
program.  This announcement concerns the Research/Special Studies
Component of the WQPP that has been incorporated into the FKNMS Draft
Science Plan.
Since 1991, EPA and the State of Florida have worked with NOAA and other
federal, state, and local governmental agencies, university scientists,
environmental groups, and the public to develop a WQPP for the
Sanctuary.  The National Marine Sanctuaries Program Amendments Act of
1992 requires that EPA and the State implement the WQPP in cooperation
with NOAA.  A "Final Water Quality Protection Program Document" was
approved by the WQPP Steering Committee and contains the rationale and
strategies to achieve the goals of the WQPP.
The Draft FKNMS Science Plan identifies priority research areas that
include the four topic areas for this request for preproposals.  These
topic areas have been reviewed by the FKNMS Technical Advisory Committee
(TAC).   The Draft Science Plan includes short- and long-term data
collection, to understand causal linkages between pollution sources and
ecological problems.  This understanding will be used to develop
predictive models, evaluate management alternatives, devise corrective
actions, and improve the monitoring program.
The overall objective of the Special Studies Program is to identify and
understand cause and effect relationships among pollutants, transport
pathways, and the biological communities of the Sanctuary.  Specific
objectives are to: 1) identify and document cause and effect linkages
between specific pollutants, water quality problems, and ecological
impacts; 2) improve understanding of Sanctuary ecosystems, and develop
predictive capabilities based on that understanding; and, 3) develop
monitoring and research tools to detect pollutants, provide early
warning of widespread ecological problems, and identify cause and effect
relationships.
 PRIORITY TOPICS FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
Recruitment and Survival of Marine Species
Monitoring activities have documented the declines of corals and other
important marine species in the Florida Keys.  Research is needed to
assess the recruitment and survival of stony coral populations
(particularly reef-building species) throughout the Keys, the potential
effects of ecological parameters on the recovery of benthic communities,
and evaluation of factors responsible for the declines.  Two examples of
non-coral species are given below, but research proposals need not be
limited to these two example species.
The long-spined sea urchin (Diadema antillarum) virtually disappeared
from waters surrounding the Florida Keys and much of the Caribbean basin
in 1983-84, and has only recently re-appeared in a few areas.  The cause
of the decline was never definitively established.  Research is needed
to assess natural recruitment rates and factors affecting survivorship.
The effectiveness of efforts (laboratory culturing and/or
transplantation/translocation experiments) to reintroduce urchins and
their subsequent effect on community structure need to be evaluated.
The queen conch has been protected from collection in waters of the
Florida Keys since 1986 because of severely diminished numbers.  Even
with protection, numbers of queen conch remain very low.  Recent
research suggests that some environmental factor(s) may prevent
successful gonad development in conchs found in nearshore waters while
those found offshore have mature gonads.  Research is needed to
determine factors controlling the population size of queen conch and
methods to maximize the successful re-establishment of this important
species.
Decline in Coral Abundance, Coverage, and Species Diversity
Monitoring at fixed stations throughout the Keys since 1996 has
documented a 37% decline in living coral coverage within spur and groove
habitats.     Multiple stressors have been proposed for the loss of
living coral, including nutrient addition to waters, coral diseases and
bleaching, global climate change, and other human impacts.  The
etiologies of coral diseases in general, and the newly discovered
diseases in particular, and the effects of disease on coral populations
in terms of prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates are largely
unknown.  Also, the role of environmental factors, such as degraded
water quality, in the onset and development of the diseases is not
understood.  Research is required to identify local, regional, and
global causative factors and processes that cause coral decline in the
Florida Keys.  Research is needed to understand the short and long-term
impacts of diseases, such as the impact of partial mortality on
reproduction and other functions.  Long-term studies of individual coral
colonies are needed to assess the effects of coral bleaching, disease,
mortality from various other sources, and potential for recovery.
Distribution and Abundance of Pathogenic Bacteria, Viruses, and other
Pathogens
Previous research in the Florida Keys identified pathogenic viruses in
69% of nearshore sampling stations.  Viruses were found to be infectious
at some stations during winter months.  Other research has documented
the concentration of human bacteria and viruses in coral mucus and the
identification of a potential coral disease organism as a widespread
bacterium that may be found in the human intestine and other
vertebrates.  Research is required to assess the distribution and
abundance of pathogens in waters of the Florida Keys, their sources and
impacts to human health, and their role in the continued survival of the
coral reef community.
Effects of Management Actions on Abundance and Distribution of Marine
Organisms
Preliminary research on the effects of established fully protected
(no-take) zones in the Florida Keys has demonstrated positive
increases in population size and average size of several commercially
and recreationally important fish species.  Also,  numbers and sizes of
spiny lobsters have increased in areas closed to fishing and other
extractive activities.  Research is required to understand and assess
the impacts of existing fully protected zones, including the recently
implemented Tortugas Ecological Reserve, on community interactions,
including commercially important fish and invertebrate species, as well
as non-commercially important organisms, such as algae, corals and
sponges.  Also, research is required to understand siting and sizing
requirements of protected areas to maximize their environmental
benefits.
 REQUEST FOR PREPROPOSALS
Investigators interested in submitting a preproposal in response to this
announcement should immediately fill out the Notice-of-Interest form
(Attachment A) attached to this announcement and send it to the address
or FAX number given on the form.
EPA has secured approximately $300,000 and Sanctuary Friends of the
Florida Keys has secured $100,000 to fund the special studies discussed
above.  In addition, it is anticipated that NURP/NCRCP will contribute
$150,000 in NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program funds, for total amount
of approximately $550,000 for this announcement.  Accepted proposals
will be eligible to receive funds via a grant, cooperative agreement, or
interagency agreement (federal agencies).  Proposals may be written for
one or two years.  Individual grants/cooperative agreements/interagency
agreements should not exceed a total of $100,000 per proposal.  A
minimum of 5% non-federal match is required for research projects funded
by EPA and Sanctuary Friends; a minimum of 50% non-federal match is
required for research projects funded by NURP/NCRCP.  Non-federal
matching funds may be comprised of a variety of public and private
sources and may include in-kind contributions and other non-cash
support.  For further guidance on the matching requirement, please refer
to Section 6403(b)(1) of the Coral Conservation Act of 2000.  Projects
with fieldwork in the upper Keys may be eligible to receive logistical
support through NURC/UNCW in Key Largo.
Eligibility criteria for the NURP/NCRCP funds:
Eligible applicants are U.S. institutions of higher education,
not-for-profit institutions, and state, local, and Indian tribal
governments.  Proposals may include federal researchers as collaborators
with a researcher who is affiliated with a U.S. academic institution,
non-federal agency, or any other non-profit organization.  Federal
organizations may not charge federal salary or overhead, but other
categories are appropriate.  Non-NOAA or EPA federal applicants must
demonstrate legal authority to receive funds from another federal agency
in excess of their appropriation.  Proposals selected for funding from
non-federal applicants will be funded through a cost-reimbursable or
cooperative agreement.  For proposals with a federal partner, the
federal partner will receive funds through an inter-agency transfer (or
intra-agency in the Case of a NOAA or EPA partner) from the national
NURP office.
Submission of a preproposal is required.  Five copies of a preproposal
must be submitted no later than February 3, 2003.  Preproposals should
consist of a Preproposal Title Page (Attachment B) and no greater than
three pages of text (12 point/10 pitch type).  Preproposals will be
evaluated and ranked by the Management Committee of the WQPP and
NURP/NCRCP staff.  Evaluation of preproposals will be based upon
conformance with this request and the goals and objectives of the FKNMS
Draft Science Plan.   A Draft Science Plan will be e-mailed upon
request.
Investigators will be notified by February 10, 2003 whether a full
proposal should be submitted for review.  At that time, detailed
instructions for the preparation and submission of the full proposal
will be sent to authors submitting successful preproposals.  The
deadline for receipt of a full proposal is March 10, 2003.  Full
proposals must be no greater than fifteen pages of text.
Full proposals will be peer reviewed by an external review panel and
ranked according to scientific merit and feasibility.  Highly ranked
proposals will be presented to the FKNMS TAC for review.  The TAC will
rank proposals with high scientific merit based upon relevance to the
goals and objectives of the Draft Science Plan.  The Management
Committee will give great weight to the recommendations of the TAC in
making their final selection of proposals for funding.  The Management
Committee will present their top candidates for funding to the Special
Studies Subcommittee of the Steering Committee for final approval.
Grants will be awarded no later than September 30, 2003.
If you have any questions concerning the Water Quality Protection
Program or this request for preproposals, please call Bill Kruczynski at
850-934-9298 or e-mail kruczynski.bill@epa.gov.
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
  OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
 ATTACHMENT A
 NOTICE OF INTEREST
 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
 WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PROGRAM
 FOR THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT WILMINGTONS
 NATIONAL UNDERSEA RESEARCH CENTER
 SANCTUARY FRIENDS OF THE FLORIDA KEYS
Investigators interested in submitting a preproposal for special studies
in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary should complete this form
and send it by mail or FAX to:
Dr. Bill Kruczynski, Program Scientist
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Gulf Ecology Laboratory
1 Sabine Island
Gulf Breeze, FL  32561
FAX 850 934-9201
E-mail:  kruczynski.bill@epa.gov
Please Note:  Preproposals (5 copies) must be received no later than
February 3, 2003.
Name:______________________________________
Title:____________________________
Affiliation:___________________________________________________________________
Department:__________________________________________________________________
Mailing Address:_____________________________
City:____________________________
State:_______________________________________
Zip:_____________________________
Telephone Number:___________________________
FAX:____________________________
Email:_______________________________________________________________________
Your topic(s) of interest:
Recruitment and Survival               Coral Decline
Pathogens                 Management Effects
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES
ATTACHMENT B
PREPROPOSAL TITLE PAGE
TO BE SUBMITTED WITH FIVE COPIES OF THREE PAGE MAXIMUM PREPROPOSAL NO
LATER THAN FEBRUARY 3, 2003
PROJECT
TITLE______________________________________________________________________--
____________________________________________________________________________
PROJECT LEADER   OTHER INVESTIGATORS
_______________________________   _____________________________
Name
_______________________________   _____________________________
Affiliation
_______________________________   _____________________________
Address
_______________________________   _____________________________
_______________________________   _____________________________
_______________________________   _____________________________
Telephone
_______________________________   _____________________________
E-mail
Co-Funding from an agency other than EPA is_____ is not_____ required to
support the proposed special study.  If co-funding is available, please
indicate the amount of the expected non-federal match and percentage of
match in relation to expected total request:__________.
SUBMITTED BY__________________________  DATE_______________________
Signature_________________________________
--
Brian D. Keller
Science Coordinator
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
P.O. Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
305-743-2437 x25 fax 2357
brian.keller@noaa.gov
http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov/
~~~~~~~
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Subject: ARMS: Artificial Reef Matrix Systems
Date: Thu, 9 Jan 2003 16:59:08 -1200
From: tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: rqauqau@fisheries.gov.fj, sqalovaki@govnet.gov.fj,
     samasoni Sauni <SamasoniS@spc.int>,
     etika Rupeni <ERupeni@wwfpacific.org.fj>
Dear Coral Listers,
A team is coming to do a survey here in Fiji and they are proposing this
ARMS:
Artificial Reef Matrix Systems technique.
I and most of my colleages here in Fiji have not used it let alone hear it.
We are
only farmiliar with other standard reef monitoring methods.
Can anyone please direct us to where we can find more infor on this
technique or
how different it is from Belt or LIT methods commonly used?
Look forward to your response.
_____________________________
Alifereti Tawake, Scientific Officer,
Institute of Applied Science (IAS),
University of the South Pacific (USP), Private Mail Bag, Suva Fiji.
Ph: (679) 3212653(W), (679) 3391339 (H)
Fax: (679) 3300373    Email: Tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
*************************************************************************************
Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network Project Liaison Officer
(PLO)
*************************************************************************************
LMMA Network: a FOS Learning Portfolio Coordination Team (PCT) Member
*********************************************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Mooring systems in reef areas
Date: Fri, 10 Jan 2003 06:57:37 -0500
From: Garnier - ARVAM <rgarnier.arvam@wanadoo.fr>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hello,
I try to fit methods for an environmental study of boat mooring systems
in Reunion Island, Indian Ocean.
So I'm looking for documents or experiences about boat mooring systems
in coral reef aeras or in protected aeras. Any comparison of reef state
before and after mooring systems will interest me (coral communities and
fish studies).
I also try to collect informations about anchor effets on coral reefs.
Any answer or new contact could help me.
Best regards,
________________________________________________
R=E9mi GARNIER
E-mail : rgarnier.arvam@wanadoo.fr
ARVAM (Agence pour la Recherche et la Valorisation Marine)
14, Rue du Stade de l'Est
97490 Sainte Clotilde
La R=E9union - France
Tel : 02 62 28 39 08 (int. : (262) 262 28 39 08)
Fax : 02 62 28 08 81 (int. : (262) 262 28 08 81)
E-mail : arvam@wanadoo.fr
URL : http://www.arvam.com
________________________________________________
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Subject: spiculae / crystals in slceractinian soft tissue ?
Date: Fri, 10 Jan 2003 16:36:58 +0100
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: "Gittenberger A." <GittenbergerA@naturalis.nnm.nl>
Dear All,
This is a forwarded question / request:
> Does anyone know of scleractinian corals that have spiculae/crystal-like
structures inside their tentacles, looking like the ones on the SEM
photographs on the webpage
http://home.hetnet.nl/~ascidians/website/webpagespic.htm ? Could anyone tell
me what these structures are?
>
> many thanks,
> kind regards,
>
> Adriaan
>
> A. Gittenberger
> PhD-student National Natural History Museum Naturalis
> Leiden, The  Netherlands
> email: gittenbergera@naturalis.nnm.nl
~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: ARMS: Artificial Reef Matrix Systems
Date: Fri, 10 Jan 2003 09:47:43 -1200
From: tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: rqauqau@fisheries.gov.fj, sqalovaki@govnet.gov.fj,
     s97007992@student.usp.ac.fj, erupeni@wwfpacific.org.fj
Dear John
Thank you for the information. Ive looked through the web site and has
helped me alot in
understanding this ARMS method.
Cheers
alifereti
On 9 Jan 2003 at 12:39, John McManus wrote:
Date sent:              Thu, 09 Jan 2003 12:39:08 -0500
From:                   John McManus <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject:                RE: ARMS: Artificial Reef Matrix Systems
To:                     tawake_a@usp.ac.fj, Coral List
<coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Send reply to:          jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
> Dear Alifereti,
>
> I found this on website:
> http://www.nhm.org/marcom/news/voyages/research.htm.
>
> "ARMS-Artificial Reef Matrix Structure - Because it is so difficult to
> capture small creatures that live within the coral heads themselves
> without actually destroying parts of the reef, the research team
> invented structures that would mimic the various habitats provided by
> coral."
>
> Cheers!
>
>  John
>
> _________________________________________________________
>
> John W. McManus, PhD
> Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
> Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
> University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, Florida 33149.
> jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu Tel. (305) 361-4814 Fax (305) 361-4910
> www.ncoremiami.org
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
> [mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
> Sent: Thursday, January 09, 2003 11:59 PM To:
> coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov Cc: rqauqau@fisheries.gov.fj;
> sqalovaki@govnet.gov.fj; samasoni Sauni; etika Rupeni Subject: ARMS:
> Artificial Reef Matrix Systems
>
>
> Dear Coral Listers,
> A team is coming to do a survey here in Fiji and they are proposing
> this ARMS: Artificial Reef Matrix Systems technique.
>
> I and most of my colleages here in Fiji have not used it let alone
> hear it. We are only farmiliar with other standard reef monitoring
> methods.
>
> Can anyone please direct us to where we can find more infor on this
> technique or how different it is from Belt or LIT methods commonly
> used?
>
>
> Look forward to your response.
>
>
> _____________________________
> Alifereti Tawake, Scientific Officer,
> Institute of Applied Science (IAS),
> University of the South Pacific (USP), Private Mail Bag, Suva Fiji.
> Ph: (679) 3212653(W), (679) 3391339 (H) Fax: (679) 3300373    Email:
> Tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
> **********************************************************************
> ****** ********* Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network
> Project Liaison Officer (PLO)
> **********************************************************************
> ****** ********* LMMA Network: a FOS Learning Portfolio Coordination
> Team (PCT) Member
> *********************************************************************
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
_____________________________
Alifereti Tawake, Scientific Officer,
Institute of Applied Science (IAS),
University of the South Pacific (USP), Private Mail Bag, Suva Fiji.
Ph: (679) 3212653(W), (679) 3391339 (H)
Fax: (679) 3300373    Email: Tawake_a@usp.ac.fj
*************************************************************************************
Fiji Locally-Managed Marine Area (FLMMA) Network Project Liaison Officer
(PLO)
*************************************************************************************
LMMA Network: a FOS Learning Portfolio Coordination Team (PCT) Member
*********************************************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Inshore Ecology Biologist wanted
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 07:03:10 -0500
From: "Will White" <will@blueskynet.as>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear List
This is a re-advertisement, please note the new application deadline.
Please feel free to email me any queries regarding the position.
Kind regards
Will White
Will White
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR)
P.O. Box 3730
Pago Pago
American Samoa
96799
Tel: (684) 633-4456
Fax: (684) 633-5944
Vacancy: Inshore Ecology Biologist, American Samoa
Application Deadline: February 7th, 2003
General Description
The Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR) is recruiting an
Inshore Ecology Biologist. Whilst the successful applicant will focus on
his own research (Biology of key reef fishes), he/she will also give
oversight on all aspects of DMWRs' Inshore Research and Management
programs.
Main Responsibilities:
.       Research into the Biology of Key Reef Species.
.       Supervise the Inshore Creel-Survey.
.       Coordinate inshore research by DMWR and other agencies,
including
invertebrate, coral and phycological studies.
.       Support DMWR's Community Based Monitoring Program
.       Liaise closely with the department's GIS staff to ensure that
all data
is GIS compatible.
.       Supervise technicians and other staff biologists.
.       Write proposals, progress reports and a final report analyzing
data,
formulating recommendations for further management.
.       Represent DMWR at regional, national and international technical
meetings where appropriate.
.       Perform other duties as assigned by the Chief Biologist.
Minimum Qualifications
.       MSc. from accredited institution(s) with a major in Fisheries
Science
and/or Management, Marine Biology, Marine Resource Science/Management.
.       Experience of 2 or more years working on reef fish surveys and
reef
ecology.
.       Knowledge of fisheries management and conservation issues,
tropical
fisheries,
.       Demonstrated competency at statistical analyses techniques.
.       Computer and data base management.
.       Good communication and writing skills are essential.
.       Physically fit and able to work independently in remote
locations
under challenging and often harsh conditions.
.       Current SCUBA certification.
.       Driving license
.       Small boat-handling skills an advantage
Salary
Starting at $28,000 p.a. Two-year contract, renewable by mutual consent.
Travel expenses and shipment of effects.  Annual and sick leave
accumulate at 8 hours and 4 hours respectively every 2-week pay period.
Subsidized housing (80% subsidy) on rental of a government house.
Subsidized medical care. Point of hiring must be from the USA or Pacific
region.
Application
Mail, fax or email c.v., publication list and contact details for 3
references and a covering letter addressing the qualifications and
responsibilities indicated above to:
Ray Tulafono, Director
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources
P.O. Box 3730
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
USA
Fax: (684) 633-5944
Email applications may be routed via Will White at: will@blueskynet.as
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 07:05:09 -0500
From: scrfa <scrfa@hkucc.hku.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Coral-listers,
The Society for the Conservation of Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations is
pleased to announce that it has updated its web-site at
www.scrfa.org
The site contains information on the Society itself, the phenomenon of
spawning aggregations of reef fish and issues related to their
conservation  (including a  recent case study of the Nassau grouper), a
newsletter and updates of ongoing  projects, most notably the
development of a Global Database of spawning  aggregations. We will also
shortly be adding a Methods Manual on how to  assess, research and
monitor such aggregations.
Those of you who host web-sites on coral reefs etc. may like to add a
link to  the site.
All the best,
Andy Cornish
~~~~~~~
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Subject: siltation or low salinity?
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 13:45:56 +0100
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: "Dr.R. Jayabaskaran" <jaybas@darya.nio.org>,
     <coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In reply to the message of Dr.R. Jayabaskaran:
In Indonesia, relatively dense populations of Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yabe
and Sugiyama, 1935
may co-occur with abundant Oulastrea crispata (Lamarck, 1816) corals.
This this is likely the case on reefs near river outlets with much siltation
(e.g. in Jakarta Bay, off Jakarta, and in the Makassar Strait off Makassar).
However, there are also reefs with freshwater inflow (e.g. at Tulamben,
Bali) where both species can be found in very clear water. Siltation may not
be the key-factor determining the occurrence of these species, but low
salinity.
Best regards,
Bert Hoeksema
Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema
Head, Department of Invertebrates
Coordinator Marine Research
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
P.O. Box 9517
2300 RA  Leiden
The Netherlands
Tel. +31.71.5687631
Fax +31.71.5687666
E-mail: Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl
> -----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
> Van:  Dr.R. Jayabaskaran [SMTP:jaybas@darya.nio.org]
> Verzonden:    dinsdag 14 januari 2003 2:05
> Aan:  coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Onderwerp:    Coral
>
> Dear All,
>
>         Recently I surveyed the coral reefs of Gulf of Kachchh, India.
> During my survey I observed that the coral Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yabe
> and Sugiyama, 1935 was commonly distributed in shallow areas near
> mangroves where the silting rate was very high. I would like to know "
> Which coral species in the world has high survival rate in muddy
> environment?"
>
> Kind regards,
> R. Jeyabaskaran
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Dr. R. Jeyabaskaran
> Research Associate
> Biological Oceanography Division
> National Institute of Oceanography
> Dona-Paula
> Goa 403 004, India
> Phone: 91(0)832 2456700,2456701 Ext No-4252
> Fax  : 91(0)832 2456703
> e-mail:jaybas@darya.nio.org
>        jeybas@hotmail.com
>        jeybas1@rediffmail.com
> URL   :www.nio.org
>
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
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> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
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Subject: photos on coral reef degradation
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 07:59:13 -0500
From: "Herman Cesar" <herman.cesar@ivm.vu.nl>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hello
I am currently working on a report for WWF on the economics of coral
reef degradation. What I could really use are some good pictures for the
report on impacts of sedimentation, bleaching (ideally some comparable
pre and post pictures), tourism impacts, and poverty aspects of coral
reef degradation.
If you have any of this, I would really like to hear and if possible use
it in the report. Of course your name will be mentioned and you will get
a complementary copy (what other positive incentives can an economist
build in?). It would be great if you have things in electronic format.
I look forward to hearing from you
Best regards
Herman Cesar
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Subject: carrying capacity
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 10:12:08 -0500
From: "Leandra Cho-Ricketts" <wata_gial@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hello all,
I have been searching the literature on carrying capacity of small offshore
islands and cays, particularly in reference to tourism.  SO far I have only
come across studies on diver impacts.  Can anyone give me some leads?  We
have a growing problem in Belize of overcrowding of small islands especially
with a boom in cruise tourism and need some visitor limits based on
scientific data.
Any assistance would be much appreciated.
Leandra Cho-Ricketts
_________________________________________________________________
Protect your PC - get McAfee.com VirusScan Online
http://clinic.mcafee.com/clinic/ibuy/campaign.asp?cid=3963
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Subject: RE: Coral
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 16:03:47 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "Dr.R. Jayabaskaran" <jaybas@darya.nio.org>,
     <coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Dr. Jeyabaskaran;
There is a very muddy cove in Puerto Galera, Mindoro, Philippines that had
(about 20 years ago) Acropora aspera or a similar species growing in broadly
explanate fashion, apparently to avoid silt buildup. There was an unusally
large mound of Physogyra (2-3 feet high). Other silty coves in the
Philippines tend to have large-polyped Goniopora. Silty portions of Ambon
Bay typically supported large beds of Euphyllia spp. Some foliose corals
grow particularly explanate, narrower than normal "fronds" that seem to trap
less sediment. Usually one finds corals that can rise above floculant silt
or that can expell it with large polyps. However, much depends on whether or
not the conditions lead to accumulation or not. Large mounds of Porites spp
in the Philippines can tolerate considerable silt as long as there is a
current strong enough to carry away the silt-laden mucous sheet they
exude -- otherwise selective death and regrowth amid periodic siltation
leads to a "pile of pancakes" effect.  Several forms of Millepora (large
mounds of fine branching forms) were found in another silty Puerto Galera
cove -- though less silty.  Most areas I've seen near mangroves have silt
running across them periodically, but it does not stay long enough for
long-term burial or submersion in a floculant layer to be a problem. That is
where I have seen Pseudosiderastrea and Oulastrea.
Cheers!
John
John W. McManus, PhD.
Director
National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Fl. 33149
Phone: 305-361-4814
Fax:   305-361-4910
Email: jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Website: www.ncoremiami.edu
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Dr.R. Jayabaskaran
Sent: Monday, January 13, 2003 8:05 PM
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral
Dear All,
        Recently I surveyed the coral reefs of Gulf of Kachchh, India.
During my survey I observed that the coral Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yabe
and Sugiyama, 1935 was commonly distributed in shallow areas near
mangroves where the silting rate was very high. I would like to know "
Which coral species in the world has high survival rate in muddy
environment?"
Kind regards,
R. Jeyabaskaran
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. R. Jeyabaskaran
Research Associate
Biological Oceanography Division
National Institute of Oceanography
Dona-Paula
Goa 403 004, India
Phone: 91(0)832 2456700,2456701 Ext No-4252
Fax  : 91(0)832 2456703
e-mail:jaybas@darya.nio.org
       jeybas@hotmail.com
       jeybas1@rediffmail.com
URL   :www.nio.org
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: silt-loving coral
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 19:56:50 EST
From: EricHugo@aol.com
To: jaybas@darya.nio.org, coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Also, while doing surveys off Makkasar, Sulawesi, we ran into nearshore
areas with considerable riverine discharge and heavy silt with nearly 100%
coral coverage, mostly by Galaxea, with quite a few Trachyphyllia.
Best,
Eric Borneman
Department of Biology and Biochemistry
Program in Ecology and Evolution
University of Houston
Science and Research Building II
Houston, TX 77252
email: eborneman@uh.edu
Subject: Coral
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 17:05:00 -0800 (PST)
From: "Dr.R. Jayabaskaran" <jaybas@darya.nio.org>
To: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear All,
        Recently I surveyed the coral reefs of Gulf of Kachchh, India.
During my survey I observed that the coral Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yabe
and Sugiyama, 1935 was commonly distributed in shallow areas near
mangroves where the silting rate was very high. I would like to know "
Which coral species in the world has high survival rate in muddy
environment?"
Kind regards,
R. Jeyabaskaran
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. R. Jeyabaskaran
Research Associate
Biological Oceanography Division
National Institute of Oceanography
Dona-Paula
Goa 403 004, India
Phone: 91(0)832 2456700,2456701 Ext No-4252
Fax  : 91(0)832 2456703
e-mail:jaybas@darya.nio.org
       jeybas@hotmail.com
       jeybas1@rediffmail.com
URL   :www.nio.org
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: photos on coral reef degradation
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2003 00:57:34 -0500
From: <stephen@shulwell.com>
To: Herman Cesar <herman.cesar@ivm.vu.nl>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Herman (and others looking for similar images of degraded
reefs)
The Marine Photobank (www.marinephotobank.org) has images
available to non-profits for conservation/educational
purposes. You need to sign up and give a summary of how you
would use the images - the process is painless.
For those of you u/w photographers who already have good
images of degraded reefs, please consider adding them to
those on the marinephotobank site.
Best,
Stephen Colwell
The Coral Reef Foundation
---- Original message ----
>Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 07:59:13 -0500
>From: "Herman Cesar" <herman.cesar@ivm.vu.nl>
>Subject: photos on coral reef degradation
>To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
>
>Hello
>
>I am currently working on a report for WWF on the economics
of coral
>reef degradation. What I could really use are some good
pictures for the
>report on impacts of sedimentation, bleaching (ideally some
comparable
>pre and post pictures), tourism impacts, and poverty
aspects of coral
>reef degradation.
>
>If you have any of this, I would really like to hear and if
possible use
>it in the report. Of course your name will be mentioned and
you will get
>a complementary copy (what other positive incentives can an
economist
>build in?). It would be great if you have things in
electronic format.
>
>I look forward to hearing from you
>
>Best regards
>
>Herman Cesar
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-
list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-
list.html .
>
Stephen Colwell
Philanthropy Associates
510-525-4990
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: GCRMN Status Report available on ReefBase
Date: Mon, 13 Jan 2003 22:12:39 -0800
From: "Oliver, Jamie (WorldFish)" <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Coral-Listers
Following the recent launch of the 2002 Global Coral Reef Status Report in
December, the full text of the report is now available for download on
ReefBase.  It has also been broken down into separate chapters (regional
reports)  for individual download.  The reports can be accessed either from
the Status/Status Reports menu area (enter GCRMN in the source Field and
2002 in the year field), or in the References area where you can search by
any of the chapter authors as well as by title and source.
In the next few months we will be extracting text from these reports to
include in our text database on status, management and threats to coral
reefs by country.
Best Regards
Jamie Oliver
====================================================
                 ReefBase www.reefbase.org
ReefBase is developed by the WorldFish Center.
It is a product of the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN).
It is supported by the United Nations Foundation (UNF)
and the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida)
====================================================
===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
WorldFish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670
Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530
email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org
visit ReefBase on:  www.reefbase.org
===============================
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Fwd: GCRMN Status Report available on ReefBase
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2003 16:39:07 +1000
From: Theresa Millard <t.millard@aims.gov.au>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 2002, edited by AIMS scientist Clive
Wilkinson, has been available on the AIMS website since early December,
under e-books. It can be found in very accessible format at:
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/coral-bleaching/scr2002/scr-00.html
Cheers, Theresa
><>><>><>><> <><<><<><<><
Theresa Millard
Science Communication Manager
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No.3 Townsville Mail Centre Qld 4810
Ph 61 7 47534250 Fax 61 7 47716138
Mobile 0409 596 271
><>><>><>><> <><<><<><<><
Begin forwarded message:
     From: "Oliver, Jamie (WorldFish)" <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
     Date: Tue Jan 14, 2003 4:12:39 PM Australia/Brisbane
     To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
     Subject: GCRMN Status Report available on ReefBase
     Dear Coral-Listers
     Following the recent launch of the 2002 Global Coral Reef Status
     Report in
     December, the full text of the report is now available for
     download on
     ReefBase. It has also been broken down into separate chapters
     (regional
     reports) for individual download. The reports can be accessed
     either from
     the Status/Status Reports menu area (enter GCRMN in the source
     Field and
     2002 in the year field), or in the References area where you can
     search by
     any of the chapter authors as well as by title and source.
     In the next few months we will be extracting text from these
     reports to
     include in our text database on status, management and threats to
     coral
     reefs by country.
     Best Regards
     Jamie Oliver
     ====================================================
     ReefBase www.reefbase.org
     ReefBase is developed by the WorldFish Center.
     It is a product of the International Coral Reef Action Network
     (ICRAN).
     It is supported by the United Nations Foundation (UNF)
     and the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida)
     ====================================================
     ===============================
     Jamie Oliver
     Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
     WorldFish Center
     PO Box 500, Penang 10670
     Phone: (604) 626 1606
     Fax: (604) 626 5530
     email: J.Oliver@cgiar.org
     visit ReefBase on: www.reefbase.org
     ===============================
     ~~~~~~~
     For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
     the
     digests, please see
     http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Silicate uptake rates
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2003 13:12:45 +0100
From: Scheffers@t-online.de (Sander Scheffers)
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hi,
Did anybody of you work on silicate uptake by sponges? What are the fluxes?
What is their affinity, in other words, at what concentration is it still
possible for them to take up dissolved silicate? Is there a relationship
between uptake rates and growth rates?
Thanks in advance,
Sander Scheffers
---------------------------------------------------------------
Sander Scheffers
PhD Candidate
Department of Marine Ecology
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research &
University of Amsterdam
Ph: 0049- 2129377942 / 0049-179 7924367
Fax: 0031 222 319674
E-mail: Scheffers@t-online.de
Homepage: www.nioz.nl
---------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: silt-loving coral
Date: Tue, 14 Jan 2003 17:12:05 -0800 (PST)
From: "Dr.R. Jayabaskaran" <jaybas@darya.nio.org>
To: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
CC: coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In reply to the message of Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema
The climate of Gulf of Kachchh, India is dry and has low rainfall, high
salinity, temperature and tidal amplitude.
The average annual rainfall is about 400mm.
Tidal amplitude varies from 3.0 to 6.0 meter.
Surface salinities vary from 35.2 to 39.4 ppt.
The water temperature exceeds 35 degree centigrade in extreme summer and
drops below 15 in extreme winter.
Hence, Low salinity may not be the key factor in determining the
occurrence of Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yabe and Sugiyama, 1935
Kind regards,
R. Jeyabaskaran
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. R. Jeyabaskaran
Research Associate
Biological Oceanography Division
National Institute of Oceanography
Dona-Paula
Goa 403 004, India
Phone: 91(0)832 2456700,2456701 Ext No-4252
Fax  : 91(0)832 2456703
e-mail:jaybas@darya.nio.org
       jeybas@hotmail.com
       jeybas1@rediffmail.com
URL   :www.nio.org
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On Mon, 13 Jan 2003, Hoeksema, B.W. wrote:
 In reply to the message of Dr.R. Jayabaskaran:
 In Indonesia, relatively dense populations of Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yabe
and Sugiyama, 1935
 may co-occur with abundant Oulastrea crispata (Lamarck, 1816) corals.
 This this is likely the case on reefs near river outlets with much
 siltation (e.g. in Jakarta Bay, off Jakarta, and in the Makassar Strait
 off Makassar). However, there are also reefs with freshwater inflow (e.g.
 at Tulamben, Bali) where both species can be found in very clear water.
 Siltation may not be the key-factor determining the occurrence of these
 species, but low salinity.
 Best regards,
 Bert Hoeksema
 Dear All,
         Recently I surveyed the coral reefs of Gulf of Kachchh, India.
 During my survey I observed that the coral Pseudosiderastrea tayami Yabe
 and Sugiyama, 1935 was commonly distributed in shallow areas near
 mangroves where the silting rate was very high. I would like to know "
 Which coral species in the world has high survival rate in muddy
 environment?"
 Kind regards,
 R. Jeyabaskaran
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Slide Inquiry
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2003 09:13:13 -0500
From: "REEF Intern" <intern@reef.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
 > Hi Herman,
 >
 > We have a number of appropriate images in our slide archives here at
REEF.  If you would like to receive an attachment of these, please
respond with the e-mail address you would like me to send them to.
 >
 > Thanks,
 > Kayte
 >
 > --
 > Kayte and Laura
 > REEF Spring Interns
 > 98300 Overseas Highway
 > (305)852-0030
 > (305)852-0301 fax
 >
 > --
 >
--
Kayte and Laura
REEF Spring Interns
98300 Overseas Highway
(305)852-0030
(305)852-0301 fax
--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Reef Check at ITMEMS 2
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2003 17:59:25 -0800
From: Craig Shuman <cshuman@ucla.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Coral-Listers,
Reef Check will be hosting an informal meeting on the second day of ITMEMS
2,  March 25, 2003  5:30 - 7:00 pm, location TBA.  All current and
interested Reef Check coordinators and participants are encouraged to attend
to compare notes from the field and discuss changes to the new 2003 Reef
Check protocol.
I apologize to those listers to whom this message does not apply.
Thank you,
Craig Shuman
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Craig Shuman
Reef Check Scientist
Reef Check-UCLA
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall Box 95-1496
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095-1496 USA
Tel: 310-869-6574               Fax: 310-825-0758
Email: cshuman@ucla.edu   Web: www.ReefCheck.org
Subject: Summer Courses in Bermuda
Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2003 12:23:18 -0400
From: Fred Lipschultz <fred@bbsr.edu>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>
CC: hpatt@sargasso.bbsr.edu
Dear Colleague,
The Bermuda Biological Station for Research is pleased to announce its 2003
Summer Course offerings.  These courses are for advanced undergraduates and
beginning graduate students.  The courses are all field intensive and
participation is limited to maximize interaction with the instructors.
Please review the course offerings and forward the information to any
interested students or colleagues.
Significant scholarship awards are available to qualified applicants.
The deadline for application is March 15, 2003.  Please alert your students
to these courses by directing them to our website
(http://www.bbsr.edu/Education/summercourses/summercourses.html) for
application details or by forwarding this email to them.
For more information, contact education@bbsr.edu .
Thank you for your attention and I apologize if you receive multiple copies
of this message.
Fred Lipschultz
Bermuda Biological Station for Research
******************************************************************
Coral Reef Ecology              June 8 - 28
Marine Ecotoxicology            June 8 - 28
Microbial Physiology            June 29 - July 19
Marine Genomics         July 20 - 26
Human Health and Oceans         July 6 - 26
Tropical Marine Invertebrates   July 27 - August 23
Molecular Ecology &
Physiology of Marine Symbioses  July 27 - August 16
******************************************************************
Coral Reef Ecology. June 8 - 28, 2003
Dr. Fred Lipschultz; Dr. Sam de Putron, BBSR
  An integrated introduction and exposure to active areas of research
covering physiology, photosynthesis, population biology, competition,
ecosystems and human impacts.  Field measurements and subsequent lab
analyses provide practical training in common methods of reef studies such
as photosynthesis, calcification, species surveys, fish behavior, larval
recruitment and algal growth.  The course requires SCUBA certification.
Marine Ecotoxicology. June 8 - 28, 2003
Dr. Jack Manock, University of North Carolina; Dr. Peter Wells, Environment
Canada; Dr. Richard Owen, BBSR; Dr. Michael  Depledge, University of
Plymouth
  The three-week course focuses on current issues in marine ecotoxicology,
assessing the impacts of anthropogenic substances using a wide range of
chemical and bioassay analyses.  Students perform chemical analyses and
marine microscale bioassays on samples they collect from three near-shore
environments.  Results are reported and discussed in the overall context of
performing ecological risk management decisions and assessing the biological
effects resulting from organisms exposed to anthropogenic compounds.
Microbial Physiology. June 29 - July 19, 2003
Dr. Craig Carlson, University of California, Santa Barbara; Dr. Stephen
Giovannoni, Oregon State University
  Traditional microbiology to the most recent molecular approaches will be
considered within the context of biogeochemical processes.  Field trips and
laboratory experiments in the open ocean and coral reef rich waters
surrounding Bermuda.
Marine Genomics. July 20 - 26, 2003
Dr. John Heidelberg, The Institute for Genomics Research (TIGR); Dr. Stephen
Giovannoni, Oregon State University
  A brief introduction to genomic tools and the computational approaches
useful in the analysis of high-throughput sequencing data to address
specific hypothesis relevant to marine microbial ecology.  A one week
course.
Human Health and the Ocean. July 6 - 26, 2003
Dr. Eric Dewailly, MD, Laval University and WHO/PAHO Collaborating Center on
Environmental and Occupational Health, Qubec; Dr. Clare Morrall, St.
George's University, Grenada
  The ocean is a major source of food, yet food chain contaminants represent
a public health risk. Ocean biodiversity is the source of new medical
treatments, yet waterborne diseases and marine toxin poisining is increasing
as global climate affects the emergence of infectious diseases. This course
addresses these issues.
Molecular Ecology and Physiology of Marine Symbioses. July 27 - August 16,
2003
Dr. Hank Trapido-Rosenthal, BBSR; Dr. Andrew Baker, Columbia University
  The course will uncover techniques of molecular biology, which can be used
to address previously intractable physiological, ecological and evolutionary
questions regarding symbioses in marine environments
Tropical Marine Invertebrates. July 27 - August 23, 2003
Dr. Kathryn A. Coates, BBSR;  Dr. Clayton Cook, Harbor Branch Oceanographic
Institution; Dr. Penelope Barnes, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
  Invertebrate diversity of Bermuda's reefs, seagrass and mangrove habitats
is examined systematically and in relation to biological associations,
behaviors, body forms and habitats.
--
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
                        Dr.Fredric Lipschultz
                      Senior Research Scientist
                 Head of Academic Affairs
              Bermuda Biological Station for Research
                     Ferry Reach, GE01,  BERMUDA
Phone:  (441) 297-1880 x217             internet:  fred@bbsr.edu
FAX:    (441) 297-8143                  BBSR Homepage http://www.bbsr.edu/
 <><         <><           <><           <><           <><
<><
Subject: Morse e-mail
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 09:56:11 +1200
From: "Ron Devine Vave" <s96007966@student.usp.ac.fj>
Organization: Institute of Applied Science
To: "Coral List Server" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hi Coral-listers,
Does anyone know of the e-mail addresses of A.N.C. Morse and D.E. Morse?
they wrote 2 papers (to my knowledge) relating to coral recruitment.
thanks in advance.
Ron Devine Vave,
C/-Institute of Applied Science,
University of the South Pacific,
Suva, Fiji.
--------------------------
MSP: 3212871
Mobile: 9235741
--------------------------
Subject: (Fwd) Net closing on coral reef bombers
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 11:12:00 +0100
From: "GJ Gast" <gjgast@ams.greenpeace.org>
Organization: Greenpeace
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
FYI. Text continued below links. Cheers, GJ.
Net closing on coral reef bombers
09:30 13 January 03
Exclusive from New Scientist Print Edition
<http://www.newscientist.com/inprint>
Coastguards will soon be hot on the trail of fishermen who are
illegally blasting many coral reefs to rubble as they use bombs to
increase their catch.
F1
    Up come the fish, as more coral turns to rubble (Image: HKUST)
<http://www.newscientist.com/ns_images/9999/99993237F1.JPG>
  <http://www.newscientist.com/img/shim.gif>    Up come the fish, as
  more
coral turns to rubble (Image: HKUST)
Blast fishing is a problem in many places throughout South-East Asia
and along Africa's east coast. Although it is illegal, efforts to
stop
it are hampered by poor detection rates.
"Blast fishing is often known to occur in a region through sporadic
arrests and anecdotal observations, yet the scale of the problem is
often not appreciated as most blasts go undetected," says George
Woodman, who works on the listening project led by the marine sensors
group at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
One problem that has hampered development of a detection system for
underwater explosions is the cacophony produced by the claw-clicking
"pistol" shrimp that live on reefs. Pistol shrimp near the detection
system can generate short-range shock waves that are bigger than the
signal from a distant bomb. But now the Hong Kong team has solved the
problem.
The researchers use underwater microphones, or hydrophones, to pick
up
the noise from blasts. The detection range for each hydrophone is
around 30 kilometres and the team has developed software to calculate
the direction of a blast from the slight time difference between the
noise reaching each of three hydrophones. Two such sets of
hydrophones
could be used to triangulate the position of an explosion to within
30
metres over a 10-kilometre range.
Fertiliser and fuel
 More on this story
 <http://www.newscientist.com/img/bx/moreonstory.gif>
Related Stories
'Wonky holes' blamed for coral death
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99993049>
15 November 2002
Massive coral bleaching strikes Great Barrier Reef
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99992164>
12 April 2002
European corals hit hard by fishing
<http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99991970>
26 February 2002
For more related stories
search the print edition Archive <http://archive.newscientist.com/>
  <http://www.newscientist.com/img/shim.gif>
Weblinks
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
<http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/>
Coral reefs in Sabah
<http://www.tracc.org.my/Borneocoast/CORAL_REEFS/REEFS_IN_SABAH.html>
Reef  <http://www.reefimages.com/Shrimp/Shrimp22.htm> shrimp
  <http://www.newscientist.com/img/shim.gif>
Woodman and his team first had to make sure they could reliably
recognise the sound generated by home-made bombs in the shallow
waters
where reef-smashing fishermen operate. They set off controlled
explosions using bombs made from a mix of fertiliser and fuel oil -
using sandy areas of the seabed to minimise ecological impact.
Their system distinguishes the noise of an underwater explosion from
that of the shrimps' clicking by recognising differences in the
energy
of the sound produced. An explosion contains more energy overall and
lasts longer than the clicks. In contrast, the noise from an outboard
motor is more prolonged, but its peak signal is smaller. Their system
will be described in a future issue of Marine Pollution Bulletin.
The team has already tested one of their hydrophones in a survey for
the Sabah Parks Authority in Tunku Abdul Rahman National Park, off
Kota Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysia.
"Over a 10-day stretch we picked up 15 blasts using one listening
station [hydrophone] and we are very confident we can determine the
direction of the blasts to within about 0.2 degrees," says Woodman.
They now hope to mount a trial with three hydrophones.
Michelle Knott
For more exclusive news and expert analysis every week subscribe
<http://www.newscientist.com/subscribe/subs_home.jsp?promcode=nstext>
to New Scientist print edition.
=========================================================
Dr Gert Jan Gast
Seas and Oceans Campaigner, Greenpeace Netherlands
Keizersgracht 174, 1016DW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Phone +31 20 5236655
Mobile +31 6 5206 2976
Fax +31 20 6221272
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: attaching files to your post
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 06:47:09 -0500
From: coral-list admin <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Remember, if you try to post an attached binary file (like a Word
document, or an image file, etc.) to a coral-list message, it will
probably not go through and will bounce to the administrator (me) and
get delayed or sent back to you.  If you must post or advise of such a
file, you must either a) post a link to the stuff on your Web Page, b)
make it ASCII instead, or, c) ask people to write to you directly for
the stuff.  The reasons for this are so that people's in-boxes don't get
bogged down with large files they might not necessarily want (remember,
many folks are dialing in instead of being on a T1 or better line), and
because this helps prevent the circulation of viruses, which are
typically moderate to large in file size.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Cheers,
    Jim
    coral-list admin
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Date: Wed, 15 Jan 2003 15:33:23 -0800 (PST)
From: Dan Clark <reefteam2@yahoo.com>
Subject: Save Florida's Last Nearshore Reefs Petition
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Scientists and Divers Urgently Petition State of Florida and the Federal
Government to Save NORTH AMERICA'S last HEALTHY near shore CORAL Reefs
January 5, 2003
TO:
Jeb Bush, Governor of Florida
Charlie Crist, Florida Attorney General
Tom Gallagher, Chief Financial Officer
Charles H. Bronson, Agriculture Commissioner
David Struhs, Department of Environment Protection, Florida
Broward County Commissioners
Jim Naugle, Mayor, City of Fort Lauderdale
Oliver Parker, Mayor, Lauderdale by the Sea
Billy Causey, Superintendent, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Dan Basta, Director, National Marine Sanctuaries Program, NOAA
Roger Griffis, U.S.  Coral Reef Task Force
All Members, U.S.  Coral Reef Task Force:
Secretary of Commerce
Secretary of Interior
Environmental Protection Agency
National Marine Fisheries Service
NOAA
We, the undersigned coral reef scientists, conservationists, divers,
fishermen, and other concerned members of the public, urgently appeal to
the US Government, the State of Florida, and Governor Bush to
immediately designate the remaining healthy shallow coral reef in
Broward County as Outstanding Florida Waters, establish a management
plan, and provide the same level of protection as the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary.
This coral reef (lying between Lauderdale by the Sea to Port Everglades
in Broward County, Florida) is the last North American near shore coral
reef still in excellent condition. It is threatened with imminent
destruction by the effects of unnecessary dredging and beach filling.
The Segment II permit (Permit Authorization #0163435-005-JC) that will
allow the destruction of this reef is awaiting a final decision by
Governor Bush and the Cabinet of the State of Florida. A hearing is
scheduled for January 28 2003. We call for the permit to be denied
because it violates Executive Order 13089 (Coral Reef Protection), and
common sense.
These Florida coral reefs are a priceless national treasure. They are
the only healthy coral reefs in North America that one can swim to from
the beach, and the only coral reefs directly in front of a major urban
area. They represent the only place in Florida that corals and reef fish
can spread northward if global warming continues.
The Broward County reefs that lie closest to the beach are several miles
in length and, amazingly, are covered with between thirty and forty
percent of healthy, live coral, including many ancient corals up to a
thousand years old. They contain the largest forest of Staghorn coral (a
rare and rapidly vanishing species) known to remain in the entire
Caribbean reef region. Dense fish populations pack these reefs which are
essential habitat for juvenile fish. This nursery will surely perish
without protection.
These particular reefs are the last known of the once abundant shallow
reefs that bordered Southeast Florida. Only by accident have they
survived. They lie in front of the only large remaining stretch of
Southeast Florida beach not already filled with dredged materials, which
killed most of the other shallow reefs in the region.
Those old reefs were equally magnificent. But they remain only in the
memories of the oldest divers who watched them suffocate and die when
dredged mud and sediment washed over them. No assessment studies were
done until almost all of these old corals had been killed. It is
unthinkable that the State could allow history to repeat itself by
permitting the destruction of the last remaining stretch of healthy near
shore Florida corals.
Incredibly, these threatened Broward County reefs were unknown to
scientists until very recently, even though they have been the crown
jewel for local divers and fishermen for many years. Because they were
unknown, they were never identified as a coral reef habitat, or
designated as Outstanding Florida Waters, and have no protected status
of any kind.
This proposed dredging project is completely unnecessary. There is
little beach erosion taking place in the stretch still protected by the
living reef. By contrast, in all the areas where reefs were killed by
previous beach dredge-filling projects, there is strong beach erosion.
Those beaches can be more cheaply re-nourished by bypassing sand blocked
by jetties from reaching them than by dredging the last available
offshore sand supplies. Dredge fill material will directly bury some
13.6 acres of near shore hard-bottom that are feeding areas for
endangered Green Turtles.
Supporters of dredging point out that the dredge material will not be
deliberately dumped directly on the reefs. But because the reefs lie in
only 10-15 feet of water, 150 to 500 yards offshore, the pipelines from
the dredge boats must cross them to get to the beach. There have been
repeated and inevitable accidents in previous dredging projects as
barges, anchors, chains, pipes, and suction pumps have damaged corals,
despite the best of intentions. The mitigation plan requires 600 ton
capacity barges with a loaded draft of approximately 7 feet to go over
the reef to dump 152 million pounds of 4 to 6 foot boulders in the surf
zone near the inner edge of the reef.
Worse, the reefs will inevitably be smothered by mud plumes from the
dredged material that will be re-suspended by wave action for years to
come. Coral reefs are the most sediment-sensitive of all marine
ecosystems. Staghorn corals, which lie closest to the beach, are the
most sensitive species. The turbidity standard that is being applied (29
NTU) in the monitoring plan for this project is many times too high for
these corals.
This dredging project is as economically wasteful as it is
environmentally irresponsible. According to the recent (2001) NOAA
Socioeconomic Study of Reefs in Southeast Florida, Broward County earns
some 2.069 billion dollars per year from reef related diving, fishing,
and other marine activities that employ 36,000 people. This is more than
any other Florida county including Monroe County (the Keys) and Dade
County (Miami). Each dollar spent to destroy these reefs will eliminate
many more dollars per year of income to the people of Broward County.
Broward County is the shore diving capital of the continental United
States and the only place where healthy coral reefs can be dived or
snorkeled to from land. To allow this marvelous marine habitat to be
destroyed is unconscionable. To destroy it in the name of widening a
beach that is not eroding is like burning down the last Giant Redwood
forest in the process of roadside weed clearance.
Therefore, we appeal for immediate emergency action to save North
America's last healthy near shore coral reefs from imminent threatened
destruction. We call on all responsible Florida State, County, and
Municipal officials to reject the Segment II dredging permit application
and to fulfill the responsibilities designated under Coral Reef
Protection Executive Order 13089 to protect all coral reefs in US waters.
Further, we call on all responsible State and Federal Agencies to
immediately begin the process to designate these reefs as Outstanding
Florida Waters, to establish a proper management plan to ensure that
they receive the same level of protection as those in the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary, and to save them forever as a unique part of
the natural heritage of the American people.
For more information see the Cry of the Water and Global Coral Reef
Alliance report. "Broward County Reef Threatened by Dredging" at
www.cryofthewater.org and at www.globalcoral.org. For a video showing
the incredible corals and fish of this area contact: Dan and Stephanie
Clark at Reefteam2@yahoo.com or 954-753-9737 or 954-298-9737 For more
information on the scientific and environmental condition of these reefs
contact Dr. Thomas Goreau at goreau@bestweb.net or 617-864-0433.
SIGNATORIES:
Cry of the Water
Dan Clark, President, Cry of the Water, P.O. Box 8143, Coral Springs, FL
33075
Stephanie Clark, Treasurer, Cry of the Water, P.O. Box 8143, Coral
Springs, FL 33075
Global Coral Reef Alliance
Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D., President, Global Coral Reef Alliance, 37
Pleasant St., Cambridge, MA 02139
Jeff Houdret, Global Coral Reef Alliance, 324 Richardson Rd., Lansdale
PA 19446
James Cervino, Global Coral Reef Alliance, 117-20 5th Ave., College
Point NY 11356
Sierra Club National
Dave Raney, Chair, Sierra Club National Marine Wildlife and Habitat
Committee, 1621 Mikahala Way, Honolulu, HI 96816-3321
Sierra Club Florida and Broward
Richard Winn, Florida Sierra, Marine Issues Committee, 6305 S. A1A Hwy
#133, Melbourne Bech, FL  32951
Harold Hancock, Chair, Sierra Club Broward, 1500 SE 15th Street, Ft.
Lauderdale, FL  33316
Public Employees for Environmental ResponsibilityDan Meyer, General Counsel
Chuck Sultzman, Marine Biology Consultant
Save Our Shoreline
Brenda Lee Chalifour, Esq., Pro Bono for Save Our Shoreline, Inc.
Reef Relief
Dee Von Quirolo, Executive Director of Reef Relief, Key West, FL
Greater Ft. Lauderdale Dive Association  Jeff Torode, President, Greater
Ft. Lauderdale Dive Association, P.O. Box 460216Ft. Lauderdale, FL
33346
                                          PADI
Bob Harris, PADI  (Professional Association of Dive Instructors)
PADI Project AwareKristin Vallette, PADI Project Aware
Others
Les Kaufman, Boston University Marine Program, 5 Cummington Street,
Boston, MA  02215
Brian Lapointe, Senior Scientist, Division of Marine Science, Harbor
Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 US 1 North, Ft. Pierce, Fl  34946
Phillip Dustan, Ph.D., Department of Biology, College of Charleston,
Charleston, SC  29424
Heinrich Holland, H.C. Dudley Research Professor, Harvard University,
Cambridge, MA
James S. Wang, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA  02138
Please send names, affiliations, emails, and addresses of signatories to
Reefteam2@yahoo.com, or Cry of the Water, P.O. Box 8143 Coral Springs,
FL 33075
Cry of the Water,  P.O. Box 8143 Coral Springs, FL 33075
reefteam2@yahoo.com visit our web site at cryofthewater.org
---------------------------------
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Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
<B style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Scientists and Divers Urgently
Petition State of Florida and the Federal Government to Save NORTH
AMERICA'S last HEALTHY near shore CORAL Reefs<?xml:namespace prefix = o
ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">January 5, 2003<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">TO: <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Jeb Bush,
Governor of Florida<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Charlie Crist,
Florida Attorney General<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Tom Gallagher,
Chief Financial Officer<SPAN style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Charles H.
Bronson, Agriculture Commissioner</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">David Struhs,
Department of Environment Protection, Florida</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Broward County
Commissioners <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Jim Naugle,
Mayor, City of Fort Lauderdale</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica; FONT-SIZE: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Oliver Parker,
Mayor, Lauderdale by the Sea<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Billy Causey,
Superintendent, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Dan Basta,
Director, National Marine Sanctuaries Program, NOAA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Roger Griffis,
U.S.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Coral Reef Task
Force<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">All Members,
U.S.<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>Coral Reef Task
Force<SPAN class=msoDel><DEL cite="mailto:Compaq"
datetime="2003-01-06T16:09">:</DEL></SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Secretary of
Commerce<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Secretary of Interior<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Environmental
Protection Agency<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">National Marine
Fisheries Service<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">NOAA</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica"></SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">We, the undersigned coral reef
scientists, conservationists, divers, fishermen, and other concerned
members of the public, urgently appeal to the US Government, the State
of Florida, and Governor Bush to <U>immediately designate the remaining
healthy shallow coral reef in Broward County as Outstanding Florida
Waters</U>, establish a management plan, and provide the same level of
protection as the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">This coral reef (lying between Lauderdale by the Sea to Port
Everglades in Broward County, Florida) is the last North American near
shore coral reef still in excellent condition. It is threatened with
imminent destruction by the effects of unnecessary dredging and beach
filling.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">The Segment II permit (Permit Authorization #0163435-005-JC)
that will allow the destruction of this reef is awaiting a final
decision by Governor Bush and the Cabinet of the State of Florida. A
hearing is scheduled for January 28 2003. <U>We call for the permit to
be denied because it violates Executive Order 13089</U> (Coral Reef
Protection), and common sense.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">These Florida coral reefs are a priceless national treasure.
They are the only healthy coral reefs in North America that one can swim
to from the beach, and the only coral reefs directly in front of a major
urban area. They represent the only place in Florida that corals and
reef fish can spread northward if global warming continues.</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">The Broward County reefs that lie closest to the beach are
several miles in length and, amazingly, are covered with between thirty
and forty percent of healthy, live coral, including many ancient corals
up to a thousand years old. They contain the largest forest of Staghorn
coral (a rare and rapidly vanishing species) known to remain in the
entire Caribbean reef region. Dense fish populations pack these reefs
which are essential habitat for juvenile fish. This nursery will surely
perish without protection.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">These particular reefs are the last known of the once
abundant shallow reefs that bordered Southeast Florida. Only by accident
have they survived. They lie in front of the only large remaining
stretch of Southeast Florida beach not already filled with dredged
materials, which killed most of the other shallow reefs in the
region.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Those old reefs were equally magnificent. But they remain
only in the memories of the oldest divers who watched them suffocate and
die when dredged mud and sediment washed over them. No assessment
studies were done until almost all of these old corals had been killed.
It is unthinkable that the State could allow history to repeat itself by
permitting the destruction of the last remaining stretch of healthy near
shore Florida corals.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Incredibly, these threatened Broward County reefs were
unknown to scientists until very recently, even though they have been
the crown jewel for local divers and fishermen for many years. Because
they were unknown, they were never identified as a coral reef habitat,
or designated as Outstanding Florida Waters, and have no protected
status of any kind.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">This proposed dredging project is completely unnecessary.
There is little beach erosion taking place in the stretch still
protected by the living reef. By contrast, in all the areas where reefs
were killed by previous beach dredge-filling projects, there is strong
beach erosion. Those beaches can be more cheaply re-nourished by
bypassing sand blocked by jetties from reaching them than by dredging
the last available offshore sand supplies. Dredge fill material will
directly bury some 13.6 acres of near shore hard-bottom that are feeding
areas for endangered Green Turtles.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Supporters of dredging point out that the dredge material
will not be deliberately dumped directly on the reefs. But because the
reefs lie in only 10-15 feet of water, 150 to 500 yards offshore, the
pipelines from the dredge boats must cross them to get to the beach.
There have been repeated and inevitable accidents in previous dredging
projects as barges, anchors, chains, pipes, and suction pumps have
damaged corals, despite the best of intentions. The mitigation plan
requires 600 ton capacity barges with a loaded draft of approximately 7
feet to go over the reef to dump 152 million pounds of 4 to 6 foot
boulders in the surf zone near the inner edge of the
reef.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Worse, the reefs will inevitably be smothered by mud plumes
from the dredged material that will be re-suspended by wave action for
years to come. Coral reefs are the most sediment-sensitive of all marine
ecosystems. Staghorn corals, which lie closest to the beach, are the
most sensitive species. The turbidity standard that is being applied (29
NTU) in the monitoring plan for this project is many times too high for
these corals.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">This dredging project is as economically wasteful as it is
environmentally irresponsible. According to the recent (2001) NOAA
Socioeconomic Study of Reefs in Southeast Florida, Broward County earns
some 2.069 billion dollars per year from reef related diving, fishing,
and other marine activities that employ 36,000 people. This is more than
any other Florida county including Monroe County (the Keys) and Dade
County (Miami). Each dollar spent to destroy these reefs will eliminate
many more dollars per year of income to the people of Broward
County.</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Broward County is the shore diving capital of the continental
United States and the only place where healthy coral reefs can be dived
or snorkeled to from land. To allow this marvelous marine habitat to be
destroyed is unconscionable. To destroy it in the name of widening a
beach that is not eroding is like burning down the last Giant Redwood
forest in the process of roadside weed clearance.</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Therefore, we appeal for immediate emergency action to save
North America's last healthy near shore coral reefs from imminent
threatened destruction. <U>We call on all responsible Florida State,
County, and Municipal officials to reject the Segment II dredging permit
application</U> and to fulfill the responsibilities designated under
Coral Reef Protection Executive Order 13089 to protect all coral reefs
in US waters.&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Further, we call on all responsible State and Federal
Agencies to <U>immediately begin the process to designate these reefs as
Outstanding Florida Waters</U>, to establish a proper management plan to
ensure that they receive the same level of protection as those in the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and to save them forever as a
unique part of the natural heritage of the American people. </SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">For more information see the Cry of the Water and Global
Coral Reef Alliance report. "Broward County Reef Threatened by Dredging"
at <A href="http://www.cryofthewater.org/">www.cryofthewater.org</A> and
at <A href="http://www.globalcoral.org/">www.globalcoral.org</A>. For a
video showing the incredible corals and fish of this area contact: Dan
and Stephanie Clark at <A
href="mailto:Reefteam2@yahoo.com">Reefteam2@yahoo.com</A>&nbsp;or
954-753-9737 or 954-298-9737 For more information on the scientific and
environmental condition of these reefs contact Dr. Thomas Goreau at <A
href="mailto:goreau@bestweb.net">goreau@bestweb.net</A> or 617-864-0433.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">SIGNATORIES:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1><FONT size=2><U>Cry of the Water</U></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Dan Clark, President, Cry of the Water, P.O. Box 8143, Coral
Springs, FL 33075<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Stephanie Clark, Treasurer, Cry of the Water, P.O. Box 8143,
Coral Springs, FL 33075<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1><FONT size=2><U>Global Coral Reef Alliance</U></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D., President, Global Coral Reef
Alliance, 37 Pleasant St., Cambridge, MA 02139<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-list: none;
mso-list-ins: Unknown 19000000T0000"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Jeff Houdret, Global Coral Reef Alliance, 324 Richardson Rd.,
Lansdale PA 19446<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">James Cervino, Global Coral Reef Alliance, 117-20
5<SUP>th</SUP> Ave., College Point NY 11356<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1><FONT size=2><U>Sierra Club National </U></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Dave Raney, Chair, Sierra Club National Marine Wildlife and
Habitat Committee, 1621 Mikahala Way, Honolulu, HI 96816-3321</SPAN></P>
<H1><FONT size=2><U>Sierra Club Florida and Broward</U></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoFooter style="tab-stops: .5in"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Richard Winn, Florida Sierra, Marine Issues Committee, 6305
S. A1A Hwy #133, Melbourne Bech, FL&nbsp; 32951</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoFooter style="tab-stops: .5in"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Harold Hancock, Chair, Sierra Club Broward, 1500 SE 15th
Street, Ft. Lauderdale, FL&nbsp; 33316<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1><FONT size=2><U>Public Employees for Environmental
Responsibility</U></FONT></H1>
<H1><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION:
none; text-underline: none">Dan Meyer, General
Counsel<o:p></o:p></SPAN></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoFooter style="tab-stops: .5in">Chuck Sultzman, Marine
Biology Consultant</P>
<H1><FONT size=2><U>Save Our Shoreline</U></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Brenda Lee Chalifour, Esq., Pro Bono for Save Our Shoreline,
Inc.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1><FONT size=2><U>Reef Relief</U></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Dee Von Quirolo, Executive Director of Reef Relief, Key West,
FL<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1 style="mso-list: none; mso-list-ins: Unknown 19000000T0000"><FONT
size=2><U>Greater Ft. Lauderdale Dive Association<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN></U></FONT></H1>
<H1><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION:
none; text-underline: none">Jeff Torode, President, Greater Ft.
Lauderdale Dive Association, P.O. Box 460216</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline:
none">Ft. Lauderdale, FL<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</SPAN>33346</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs!
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style="mso-spacerun:
yes"></SPAN></FONT></H1>
<H1><FONT size=2><SPAN style="mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp;</SPAN><B><U><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">PADI<o:p></o:p></SPAN></U></B></FONT></H1>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Bob Harris, PADI<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</SPAN>(Professional Association of Dive Instructors)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<H1 style="mso-list: none; mso-list-ins: Unknown 19000000T0000"><FONT
size=2><U>PADI Project Aware</U></FONT></H1>
<H1><FONT size=2><SPAN style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION:
none; text-underline: none">Kristin Vallette, PADI Project
Aware</SPAN>&nbsp;</FONT></H1>
<P><U><STRONG>Others</STRONG></U></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Les Kaufman, Boston University Marine Program, 5 Cummington
Street, Boston, MA<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</SPAN>02215<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Brian Lapointe, Senior Scientist, Division of Marine Science,
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 US 1 North, Ft. Pierce,
Fl<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>34946<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Phillip Dustan, Ph.D., Department of Biology, College of
Charleston, Charleston, SC<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;
</SPAN>29424</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica"></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Heinrich Holland,
H.C. Dudley Research Professor, Harvard University, Cambridge,
MA<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">James S. Wang, Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard
University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA<SPAN
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>02138<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY:
Helvetica">Please send names, affiliations, emails, and addresses of
signatories to <A href="mailto:Reefteam2@yahoo.com"><SPAN
style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">Reefteam2@yahoo.com</SPAN></A>,
or </SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-FAMILY: Helvetica">Cry of the Water, P.O.
Box 8143 Coral Springs, FL 33075<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><BR><BR>Cry of the
Water,  P.O. Box 8143 Coral Springs, FL 33075 <A
href="mailto:reefteam2@yahoo.com"></A><A
href="mailto:reefteam2@yahoo.com">reefteam2@yahoo.com</A>&nbsp;visit our
web site at <A
href="http://www.cryofthewater.org">cryofthewater.org</A><p><br><hr
size=1>Do you Yahoo!?<br>
<a
href="http://rd.yahoo.com/mail/mailsig/*http://mailplus.yahoo.com">Yahoo!
Mail Plus</a> - Powerful. Affordable. <a
href="http://rd.yahoo.com/mail/mailsig/*http://mailplus.yahoo.com">Sign
up now</a>
--0-450043507-1042673603=:77911--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Dust and other Hypotheses
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 10:08:33 -0500
From: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Coral Listers,
Since there has been so much discussion of the African dust hypothesis on
the list in recent weeks, I could resist responding no longer. First, the
experiments proposed by Jim Hendee to test African dust effects on corals
are similar to ones I have been proposing for at least 5 years.
Unfortunately, there is little funding to do such work. In addition, the
USGS does not have in place the dust collectors you mention. We sample for
microbes using very small samples and collection requires only 10-to-15
minutes. We do no routine monitoring but would if we could. There is no
funding for the large expensive samplers needed to provide enough sample for
the experiments Jim proposed. Secondly, the major problem with finding the
Diadema pathogen is that the pathogen that first killed them has not been
identified so we do not know what to look for. It would be possible,
however, to test living Diadema against those microbes that have been
cultured from dust thus far.
I thank Lessios for answering Alina's question regarding survival of West
African Diadema. I did not have an answer as elegant as his. I could only
suggest that Diadema living so close to the source, like the humans and the
Siderastera sp. that survive there, long ago adapted and those that didn't
died. Lessios also makes some very valid points regarding water transport of
the unknown pathogen. We accept that the Diadema die-off began near the
Panama Canal (Lessios et al., 1984, Science, 226:335-337). We also point out
that the die-off began in winter when African dust impacts the southern
Caribbean, South America and the Panama region and it was also the dustiest
year since Prospero began monitoring dust in 1965. The upper Caribbean is
impacted later during the summer months. Like Lessios, we believe water
transport is very important. How else would it infect Diadema in aquaria (I
assume we are talking running seawater aquaria)? Once the Caribbean basin is
impacted as shown in the NOAA satellite image in our 4-page info sheet in
our website, water currents likely complete the distribution of any
pathogens delivered from the air. Areas downcurrent, such as, Belize and
Florida, were impacted by the disease after Panama. What has concerned us,
however, is how did the pathogen later move hundreds of miles against the
Caribbean Current to reach the Lesser Antilles? Dust contamination of the
Atlantic seaward of the Antilles and then transport downcurrent to the
Antilles seems a reasonable possibility. There is nothing between the
Antilles and Africa, and both the wind and the currents move toward the
Antilles. More recent studies conducted by microbiologists at our office
show that microbial species in dust can change drastically within 30
minutes. Don't expect a dust cloud to deliver the same microbes everywhere
at the same time.
My main point is that the dust hypothesis is just that, an hypothesis, as
are the other proposed causes of Diadema and coral death. The ballast-water
origin is an unproven hypothesis, as are the other "usual suspects" that
drive coral research funding. This latter point gets back to what Jim
pointed out a week earlier regarding the emotional "pollution" word. Where
is the original basic research demonstrating the degree of damage done to
corals by the "usual suspects," oil spills, sewage, sedimentation, and
mosquito spraying, to name a few? We seem to have skipped over the basics
and then let assumptions and emotion guide our research and funding
agencies.
Best Wishes, Gene
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/ |
E. A. Shinn
email eshinn@usgs.gov
USGS Center for Coastal Geology |
600 4th St. South | voice (727) 803-8747 x3030
St.Petersburg, FL 33701 | fax (727) 803-2032
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: 31st. AMLC Scientific Meeting
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 14:55:54 -0400
From: "Ernesto Weil" <eweil@caribe.net>
To: "Corallist" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coastal boundaries of marine climatic zones
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 19:41:41 -0000
From: "Simon Harding" <sph@coralcay.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear listers,
Can anyone recommend a reference which gives positions for the boundaries
between the major climatic marine regions of the world e.g the position of
the boundary between tropical and subtropical waters along the west African
coast. As there is some seasonal variation involved perhaps a range of
positions would be more useful.
Thanks,
Simon
Simon Harding
Marine Science Co-ordinator
--
Coral Cay Conservation
www.coralcay.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RE: coastal boundaries of marine climatic zones
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 15:15:45 -0500
From: "Kassem, Ken" <ken.Kassem@WWFUS.ORG>
To: "'sph@coralcay.org'" <sph@coralcay.org>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hi Simon,
I would suggest Robert Bailey's "Ecoregions: The Ecosystem Geography of the
Oceans and Continents" published by Springer and/or Longhurst's "Ecological
Geography of the Sea."
These both give a single line for the boundaries but recognize explicitly
that the boundary shifts on a variety of time-scales.
Best,  Ken
***********************
Kenneth Kassem
Conservation Specialist - marine/GIS
Conservation Science Program
World Wildlife Fund - US
1250 24th St NW
Washington DC 20037
tel: + (202) 778 9535
fax: + (202) 292 9211
-----Original Message-----
From: Simon Harding [mailto:sph@coralcay.org]
Sent: Friday, January 17, 2003 2:42 PM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coastal boundaries of marine climatic zones
Dear listers,
Can anyone recommend a reference which gives positions for the boundaries
between the major climatic marine regions of the world e.g the position of
the boundary between tropical and subtropical waters along the west African
coast. As there is some seasonal variation involved perhaps a range of
positions would be more useful.
Thanks,
Simon
Simon Harding
Marine Science Co-ordinator
--
Coral Cay Conservation
www.coralcay.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Bleaching Alert - Scott Reef
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 16:26:18 -0500
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: Ray Berkelmans <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>, Terry Done <TDone@aims.gov.au>,
     William Skirving <William.Skirving@noaa.gov>,
     Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>,
     Lindsey Williams <Lindsey.Williams@noaa.gov>
Bleaching Alert - 14.02S, 121.85E - Scott Reef
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Scott Reef off the northwest shelf of Australia was one of the hardest
hit reefs during the 1998 bleaching event, with reports of bleaching as
deep as 30 meters.
In our collaborations with the Australian Institute of Marine Science we
note that due to a significant SST anomaly off the NW Australia, Scott
Reef is once again (interestingly again during an El Nino) experiencing
potentially high stress due to very hot water.
It has currently accumulated 8.4 DHW (Degree Heating Weeks, see
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html).  This
compares to 8 DHW for 1998.  The big difference this year is that
the apparent center of the SST anomaly causing this severe thermal
stress is to the NW of Scott as opposed to the W and SW in 1998,
also the 2003 SST anomaly is significantly cooler, but obviously closer
to Scott Reef.  This may imply that the accumulated heat is shallower
than in 1998, but this can be only speculation at this stage.
A more troublesome aspect of this anomaly is that it is very close to
Ashmore Reef (approx. 10 km to the northeast) which is currently
experiencing a DHW of more than 8.  This compares to a maximum
DHW of 6.5 for 1998.
We expect that there has been significant bleaching on both reefs
to date.
AIMS plans a research cruise to Scott Reef mid-March 2003.
NOAA's Coral Reef Watch Team
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 410-490-6602
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8572
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1
Subject: Re: coastal boundaries of marine climatic zones
Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 15:41:31 -0600
From: "Robert W. Buddemeier" <buddrw@ku.edu>
Organization: KGS
CC: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
On zonation and its determination --
1.  For a web version, go to http://www.pml.ac.uk/globec/main.htm, click
the DATA link in the left margin menu, then click the GLOBEC Typology
link on the Data page.
2.  For a more do-it-yourself exploratory approach, you can use the
environmental database on the Hexacoral website
(www.kgs.ukans.edu/Hexacoral) to select and filter  the geographic and
value ranges for environmental variables of interest, and either
download them as files of values for half degree cells, or view them.
 We have prototype tools that allow a user to map individual variables
and to  'find similar areas' based on a range of values for a number of
variables.
 These are very much in development and not yet user-friendly enough for
instant point-and-click, but the capabilities are there and already
quite useful if you have some serious questions about environmental
geography that you want to explore rather than using canned answers.
    If anyone is sufficiently interested in this to want to spend some
time exploring and testing, we would be happy to welcome you to the team
of alpha/beta-testers (a.k.a. guinea pigs).  If interested, send me (not
necessarily the whole list)  an email indicating your questions/needs,
and I can tell you whether we can help, and give you a starter set of
instructions.  Plus, a free copy of the map image that I didn't attach
because I remembered the reminder.
Bob Buddemeier
Stephen C Jameson wrote:
>Dear Simon,
>
>Regarding:
>
>
>
>>Dear listers,
>>
>>Can anyone recommend a reference which gives positions for the boundaries
>>between the major climatic marine regions of the world e.g the position of
>>the boundary between tropical and subtropical waters along the west
African
>>coast. As there is some seasonal variation involved perhaps a range of
>>positions would be more useful.
>>
>>Thanks,
>>
>>Simon
>>
>>Simon Harding
>>Marine Science Co-ordinator
>>
>>
>
>See:
>
>Sullivan Sealey, K. Bustamante, G. 1999. Setting Geographic Priorities
>for Marine Conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Nature
>Conservancy, Arlington, VA.
>
>Call Eva Vilarrubi 703-841-4860 for a copy.
>
>
>Best regards,
>
>Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
>Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
>4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
>Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
>Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
>Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
>
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
>
--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Avenue
Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
e-mail: buddrw@ku.edu
ph (1) (785) 864-2112
fax (1) (785) 864-5317
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: coastal boundaries of marine climatic zones
Date: Sat, 18 Jan 03 15:32:51 -0500
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: <sph@coralcay.org>, "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Simon,
Regarding:
>Dear listers,
>
>Can anyone recommend a reference which gives positions for the boundaries
>between the major climatic marine regions of the world e.g the position of
>the boundary between tropical and subtropical waters along the west African
>coast. As there is some seasonal variation involved perhaps a range of
>positions would be more useful.
>
>Thanks,
>
>Simon
>
>Simon Harding
>Marine Science Co-ordinator
See:
Sullivan Sealey, K. Bustamante, G. 1999. Setting Geographic Priorities
for Marine Conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Nature
Conservancy, Arlington, VA.
Call Eva Vilarrubi 703-841-4860 for a copy.
Best regards,
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Sojourns In Nature
Date: Sun, 19 Jan 2003 06:19:35 -0500
From: "Gustav W. Verderber" <Sojourns@PShift.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
SOJOURNS IN NATURE, ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION
NATURAL HISTORY AND PHOTOGRAPHY PROGRAMS, 2003-2004
EMAIL:                  mailto:Sojourns@PShift.com
WEB SITE:                       www.SojournsInNature.com
FEATURED IMAGE:                 http://www.sojournsinnature.com/osprey.html
THE FOLLOWING ITINERARIES ARE CURRENTLY OPEN FOR ENROLLMENT.
Undergraduate credit* is available through Sterling College and students
should have no difficulty transferring these credits to their home
institutions.  All programs are organized and conducted by Gustav W.
Verderber, a nationally published, award-winning nature photojournalist and
naturalist.
We post these itineraries only twice a year.  If you feel that these
programs do not merit mention on this discussion list, then kindly let us
know by sending an email to mailto:Sojourns@Pshift.com.  However, we hope
that you find our offerings of sufficient merit to permit their announcement
on this listserv and that you will distribute them to fellow faculty and
students.
For further information, please visit http://SojournsInNature.com or click
the URL next to the program.  The link will take you directly to a detailed
program description at our web site.
Read what past participants have said about their Sojourns In Nature
experience at http://www.sojournsinnature.com/ecotours.html
and http://www.sojournsinnature.com/workshops.html.
THE GREEN MOUNTAIN NATURE PHOTOGRAPHY WORKSHOP & CAMP-IN
June 6 - June 12, 2003
This is a complete introduction to the professional field techniques of
nature photography.  Immerse yourself in your passion for one week and I
will help you take your photographic skills to the professional level as we
photograph the natural history of the Great Northern Forest.  This time of
year, the Northern Forest is vibrant with wildflowers, moose, nesting birds,
and amphibians.
VIEW A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/greenmountain.html
VISIT THE NORTHERN FOREST GALLERY AT:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/forestgallery.html
MASAI MARA SAFARI
July 19, 2003 - July 29, 2003
Scheduled to coincide with the Masai Mara's magnificent spectacle of the
annual Wildebeest Migration, this safari is designed for the serious
photographer interested in producing top quality images of African wildlife.
Local guides will put us in the right place at the right moment to capture
feeding lions, leopards, as well as elephants, buffalo, and rhinos.
VIEW A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/kenya.html#trip1
THE TOM JORDAN MEMORIAL BOREAL COAST TOUR
August 1 - 4, 2003
Seals, puffins, bald eagles, rugged seascapes, starfish, whales, and boreal
bogs characterize the thrilling diversity of the North Altantic coast.
Machias Seal Island is the only bird sanctuary in the world where visitors
can view nesting puffins from within a few feet to get that coveted shot of
a puffin with a beak full of fish!  This is my most popular tour so register
now and reserve your space on this maritime adventure.
VIEW A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/borealcoast.html
VISIT THE BOREAL COAST GALLERY AT:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/marinegallery.html
FALL FOLIAGE MAGICAL MYSTERY TOUR
October 3 - October 6, 2003
Hone your landscape photography skills by joining me during New Englands
resplendent fall foliage season.  I will be visiting my favorite locations
in the heart of Vermonts Green Mountains to photograph stock images for
Vermont Life, Yankee, and other regional magazines.
VIEW A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/fallfoliage.html
WILDLIFE OF COSTA RICA
December 1-6, 2003
Join me and wildlife photographer Roy Toft on the Osa peninsula.  Located on
Costa Rica's Pacific coast, the Osa peninsula is one of the most
biologically diverse places on the planet!  Together, we will photograph
monkeys, poison dart frogs, exotic plants, toucans, insects, and reptiles.
Well have to bring all of our professional field techniques to bear in
order to capture the remarkable diversity of subjects so this is an ideal
opportunity for you to learn how to photograph everything from leaf-cutter
ants to tropical sunsets like the pros.
VIEW A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/costarica.html
KENYA SAFARI
January 4, 2004 - January 14, 2004
Designed for the ambitious nature photographer, this photo safari will put
you where the action is and I will be there with you to help you take
professional quality photographs of Africas famed wildlife.  Well
photograph elephants in Kenyas famous Amboseli National Park and lions,
wildebeest, and rhinos in the fabulous Masai Mara.
VIEW A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/kenya.html#trip2
S.E. ALASKA WILDLIFE SAFARI
July 10 - 25, 2004
After leading 3 consecutive nature tours to Alaska, I collaborated with the
best outfitters and guides I met while in the country" to put together a
two-week itinerary that maximizes the photography and eliminates much of the
tedious, and costly travel between locations.  Based in the coastal town of
Petersburg in the biologically rich Tongass National Forest, we will have
easy access to bears, bald eagles, humpback whales, seals, icebergs,
glaciers, Sitka black-tailed deer, and old growth forest communities.  This
tour is limited to just five people so sign up now to reserve your place in
this unique Alaskan adventure.
VIEW A COMPLETE DESCRIPTION OF THIS PROGRAM:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/alaska.html
VISIT THE ALASKA GALLERY AT:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/alaskagallery.html
SOJOURNS IN THE WILD
This acclaimed multi-media natural history presentation has been hailed by
William H. Meadows, president of the Wilderness Society as a superb piece -
one I hope is shown frequently throughout the region.  Ideal for campuses,
nature centers, conferencesEarth Day.
Proceed to the program:
http://www.sojournsinnature.com/sojournsinthewild.html
FIELD BIOLOGISTS PLEASE TAKE NOTE
I am always interested in hearing from field biologists who would be
interested in collaborating on photo/text pieces for publication in Natural
History, Smithsonian, National Geographic, National/International
Wildlife, and other top natural history publications.
*@ $35.00/credit
Peace & may the light be with you,
Gustav W. Verderber
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
SOJOURNS IN NATURE - ENVIRONMENTAL INTERPRETATION
mailto:Sojourns@PShift.com
http://www.SojournsInNature.com
P.O. Box 153, Lowell, VT  05847  USA
Telephone: (802) 744-2392
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Dust and other Hypotheses
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2003 09:08:33 +0100
From: rbak@nioz.nl
To: Gene Shinn <eshinn@usgs.gov>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Gene,
As for how the Diadema pathogen reached the lesser Antilles against the
current:
We saw that in Curacao the disease clearly started at the harbour. The days
following the break out of the disease at the harbour it worked it's way
up- and down current over the reefs along the coast, away from the harbour.
The disease was moving swiftly with the current and slowly against it (Bak
et al. 1983, MEPS 17:105-108).
We always assumed the pathogen came to Curacao with ship(s), in bilgewater
or any other way a ship could transport the pathogen.
Rolf PM Bak
Prof. dr. Rolf P.M. Bak
rbak@nioz.nl
tel +31 222 369541
fax +31 222 319674
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59
1790 AB Den Burg, Texel
The Netherlands
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Bleaching Alert - Scott Reef
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2003 16:57:21 +0800
From: Luke Smith <l.smith@aims.gov.au>
To: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>,
     Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: Ray Berkelmans <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>, Terry Done <TDone@aims.gov.au>,
     William Skirving <William.Skirving@noaa.gov>,
     Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>,
     Lindsey Williams <Lindsey.Williams@noaa.gov>
Coral Listers
In response to Al Strong's bleaching alert, below is the latest bleaching
information from north Western Australia
Ashmore Reef
An Australian Customs Vessel is permanently based at Ashmore Reef. I have
spoken to the officers there, and after snorkeling at a number of locations
they cannot see any signs of bleaching at all. While they are generally
unfamiliar with coral reefs, I have sent them a number of photographs and a
report to indicate what to look for. Looking at the NOAA data it does
surprise me that there is not a relatively severe bleaching there. We have
two temperature loggers in the lagoon at Ashmore Reef which we will exchange
during an extensive survey we have planned for April.
Scott Reef
Scott Reef is very isolated reef, with few visitors. There is no one
currently at Scott Reef. We have asked Coastwatch (border patrol), who
frequently fly over Scott Reef to report back if they note anything unusual
(eg. a white reef). As of yet we have not received any reports back. Nine
temperature loggers are currently located in and around Scott Reef. I would
be surprised if the reef is not bleached at the moment.
We currently have a field trip to Scott Reef planned for March to survey
monitoring sites, census tagged juvenile and adult corals, assess coral
recruitment and exchange our temperature loggers.
To see a brief report on the recovery (or non-recovery) of Scott Reef coral
communities since the 1998 bleaching and potential reasons why there has
been no recovery, see:
Page 6 of the document
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/coral-bleaching/scr2002/pdf/scr2002-01.pdf
Obviously, more bleaching events at Scott Reef will further delay any
recovery of the coral communities at Scott Reef to their pre-1998 coverage
and diversity.
For people who have no idea where Ashmore and Scott Reefs are, see:
http://www.auslig.gov.au/facts/images/ashmap_large.jpg
Cheers
Luke
Luke Smith
Experimental Scientist
Exploring and Maintaining Marine Biodiversity
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PO BOX 83
Fremantle
Western Australia               6959
Ph      (08) 9 433 4440
Fax     (08) 9 433 4443
l.smith@aims.gov.au
At 04:26 PM 17/01/2003 -0500, you wrote:
Bleaching Alert - 14.02S, 121.85E - Scott Reef
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Scott Reef off the northwest shelf of Australia was one of the hardest
hit reefs during the 1998 bleaching event, with reports of bleaching as
deep as 30 meters.
In our collaborations with the Australian Institute of Marine Science we
note that due to a significant SST anomaly off the NW Australia, Scott
Reef is once again (interestingly again during an El Nino) experiencing
potentially high stress due to very hot water.
It has currently accumulated 8.4 DHW (Degree Heating Weeks, see
http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_news.html).  This
compares to 8 DHW for 1998.  The big difference this year is that
the apparent center of the SST anomaly causing this severe thermal
stress is to the NW of Scott as opposed to the W and SW in 1998,
also the 2003 SST anomaly is significantly cooler, but obviously closer
to Scott Reef.  This may imply that the accumulated heat is shallower
than in 1998, but this can be only speculation at this stage.
A more troublesome aspect of this anomaly is that it is very close to
Ashmore Reef (approx. 10 km to the northeast) which is currently
experiencing a DHW of more than 8.  This compares to a maximum
DHW of 6.5 for 1998.
We expect that there has been significant bleaching on both reefs
to date.
AIMS plans a research cruise to Scott Reef mid-March 2003.
NOAA's Coral Reef Watch Team
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad
Luke Smith
Experimental Scientist
Exploring and Maintaining Marine Biodiversity
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PO BOX 83
Fremantle
Western Australia               6959
Ph      (08) 9 433 4440
Fax     (08) 9 433 4443
l.smith@aims.gov.au ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing
to coral-list or the digests, please see
http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: library awards
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2003 16:05:03 -0000
From: "Peter J Mumby" <P.J.Mumby@exeter.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
> International Society for Reef Studies
> Library Awards 2003
>
> The International Society for Reef Studies invites any person involved
> with coral reef studies, management and conservation to nominate an
> institution for participation in their Library Awards scheme for 2003.
> The scheme is intended to recognize and support institutions in developing
> countries for their important contributions to coral reef studies,
> conservation and management.
>
> What will award winners receive?
>
> Thanks to the generosity of their authors and publishers and a subsidy by
> the Society, up to 10 institutions will receive copies of the following
> publications:
>
>      Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali,
> Indonesia, 2000
>      Corals of the world (3 volumes) By J.E.N. Veron and Mary
> Stafford-Smith.
>      Soft Corals and Sea Fans By K. Fabricius and P. Alderslade. A
> comprehensive guide to the tropical shallow-  water genera of the
> Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
>      Systema Porifera Edited by John Hooper and Rob van Soest.
>      Dynamics of Coral Communities By Ronald H. Karlson.
>      Perspectives on Coral Reefs By David Barnes (Editor).
>      Three-year subscription to Coral Reefs (2003-5 incl.)
>      Three-year subscription to Reef Encounter (2003-5 incl.)
>
> Who may nominate an institution for an award?
>
>      A member of the institute seeking an award
>      Any other person who can provide details
>
> How to make a nomination
>
> Nominate an institution in no more than 100 words, describing a) the
> mission of the institution and the numbers of people who use it or are
> part of it; b) the purpose for which the books would be used; and c)
> arrangements that will ensure broad access to the books within the
> institution for whom the books are requested.
>
> Send nominations to:
>
> ISRS Library Award Committee
> C/- Dr Peter J Mumby
> Corresponding Secretary, International Society for Reef Studies
>
> Marine Spatial Ecology Lab
> School of Biological Sciences
> Hatherly Laboratory
> Prince of Wales Road
> University of Exeter
> Exeter
> Devon
> EX4 4PS
> United Kingdom
>
> tel: + 44 (0)1392 263798
> fax: + 44 (0)1392 263700
> e-mail: p.j.mumby@exeter.ac.uk
>
>
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                  Name: winmail.dat
   winmail.dat    Type: Notepad
                        (application/x-unknown-content-type-Notepad.exe)
              Encoding: base64
Subject: 10 ICRS mini-symposia
Date: Mon, 20 Jan 2003 16:05:03 -0000
From: "Peter J Mumby" <P.J.Mumby@exeter.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear coral-listers
As you know, the 10th International Coral Reef Symposium is fast
approaching. The success of these symposia largely depends on the voluntary
efforts of ISRS members who  organise mini-symposia or provide presentations
within mini-symposia.
There are still opportunities to propose mini-symposia for Japan 2004 and on
behalf of the ISRS, I'd like to encourage people to consider submitting
mini-symposium titles and abstracts. Mini-symposia form the bulk of the
conference programme and provide a great opportunity to focus attention on
specific science and/or management themes relating to coral reefs.
The dead-line for proposals is 30 January 2003. Please view the following
website for further details and electronic submission or contact the
Secretariat General, Hajime Kayanne (see below).
http://www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004/
Hajime KAYANNE
Department of Earth & Planetary Science,
University of Tokyo
Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
Tel: 81-3-5841-4573
Tel & Fax: 81-3-3814-6358
With best wishes
Pete
Dr Peter J Mumby
Corresponding Secretary, ISRS
Marine Spatial Ecology Lab
School of Biological Sciences
Hatherly Laboratory
Prince of Wales Road
University of Exeter
Exeter
Devon
EX4 4PS
UK
tel: + 44 (0)1392 263798
fax: + 44 (0)1392 263700
e-mail: p.j.mumby@exeter.ac.uk
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Internat'l coral grants
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 09:56:36 -0500
From: "Eileen Alicea" <Eileen.Alicea@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
An opportunity for funding of international coral reef projects is now
available through NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program, which was
published in the Federal Register on Friday, January 17, 2003.  The
international grant information below is excerpted from the Federal
Register, Vol. 68, No. 12
The Program Guidelines provide a general overview of the program, while the
Fiscal Year 2003 Funding Guidance published in the Federal Register Vol. 68,
No. 12, January 17, 2003 provides specific information on the eligibility,
proposal content, etc., for each of the four international project
categories included in this years funding. Both of the documents may be
found at http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html. Applications for funding
are DUE TO NOAA on March 14, 2003.
Eligible Applicants
Eligible applicants include all international, governmental, and
non-governmental organizations, including the Federated States of
Micronesia, Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Eligibility is also contingent upon whether activities undertaken with
respect to the application would be consistent with any applicable
conditions or restrictions imposed by the U.S. government.
The International grant program has four project categories: (Please note
that there is no category for coral reef monitoring this year)
1. Promote Watershed Management in Wider Caribbean Island Nations: The U.S.
and its partners are launching the White Water to Blue Water Initiative
presented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development. It is intended to
help implement international agreements and programs, for example, the
Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States, The Convention for the Protection and Development of the
Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (the Cartagena Convention)
and its three protocols (including The Protocol concerning Pollution from
Land-based Sources and Activities), and the International Coral Reef
Initiative.  Therefore, IPO will fund activities that implement best
management practices that reduce or control runoff to near shore coral reef
ecosystems in the Wider Caribbean; assess effectiveness of these management
practices; engage stakeholders and government agencies in collaborative
partnerships to implement these practices; and recommend a set of best
management practices that can be applied to small island Caribbean systems.
2. Enhance Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): NOAA
has launched a strategic partnership with the World Conservation Unions
(IUCN) World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) and World Wildlife Fund
(WWF)International to improve the management of MPAs by providing managers,
planners and other decision makers with methods for assessing the
effectiveness of MPA sites.  Therefore, IPO will fund activities at coral
MPA sites that are building an adaptive management and evaluation program
and will conduct an assessment of management effectiveness in order to
strengthen and achieve the site goals and objectives.
3. Encourage Regional Approaches to Further No-Take Marine Reserves in the
Wider Caribbean and Southeast Asia: Through this program, IPO will fund
regional level activities that benefit existing marine reserves in the Wider
Caribbean and Southeast Asia.  Southeast Asia shall be defined by Brunei,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam.  Furthermore, proposed regional level activities must involve sites
in two or more countries and address the needs of no-take marine reserves in
the regions as identified in the WCPA - Marine Caribbean Regional
Coordination Plan and the WCPA-Marine Southeast Asia Regional Action Plan.
The plans with the priority themes can be found at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html.
4. Promote Socio-Economic Monitoring in Coral Reef Management: Recognizing
the importance of the human dimension, the GCRMN published The Socioeconomic
Manual for Coral Reef Management, in partnership with NOAA, WCPA, and the
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), a guide to conducting
socioeconomic assessments of reef user groups. As follow-up, the GCRMN,
WCPA-Marine and NOAA are working with ICLARM, the University of West Indies
and other partners in the regions to develop socioeconomic monitoring
programs specific to Southeast Asia and the Wider Caribbean.  These regional
programs include three key phases: (1) development of SocMon, i.e.,
standardized, simple socioeconomic monitoring guidelines for each region;
(2) socioeconomic training workshops for reef managers to learn how to
conduct SocMon, specifically how to establish socioeconomic monitoring
programs at their sites; and, (3) establishment of socioeconomic monitoring
programs at participants coral reef management programs. Under this project
category, IPO will fund phase three - the establishment of socioeconomic
monitoring programs at coral reef sites in Southeast Asia and the Wider
Caribbean.  Proposals for such work in the Wider Caribbean must utilize the
SocMon-Wider Caribbean Guidelines; and similarly, proposals for work in
Southeast Asia must utilize the SocMon-Southeast Asia Guidelines.  For the
purpose of this project category, Southeast Asia shall be defined as Brunei,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam.  Both sets of Guidelines can be found at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html.
Awards
Awards will be:
a.  Watershed Management: Up to $75,000
b.  Management Effectiveness: $20,000 - $40,000
c.  Marine Reserves: $25,000 - $40,000
d.  Socio-economic Monitoring: $15,000 - $25,000
Project start date should be Oct 1st 2003 with duration of 12-18 months.
Matching contributions should be from non-US Federal sources.  If an
organization has no reasonable means to provide a match, please refer to
Section VIII. Matching funds of the Program Guidelines Federal Register
Notice at  http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html for detailed
instructions
How to apply:
Initial applications may be submitted by surface mail, e-mail, or Fax
(301-713-4389).  Submissions by e-mail are preferred. If submitting by
surface mail, please include a copy of the initial application in electronic
format on disk or CD and mail both to: David Kennedy, NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program Coordinator, Office of Response and Restoration, N/ORR,
Room 10102, NOAA National Ocean Service, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver
Spring, MD 20910.  Applications submitted by e-mail must be sent to
coral.grants@noaa.gov with ATTENTION to International Coral Reef
Conservation.  Applications must be received by FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 2003. NOAA
will provide written notice of the final funding selection on or before
September 30, 2003
For complete details on project categories and requirements, please refer to
the 2003 Funding Guidance Federal Register Notice at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html. (Sections pertinent to the
International Coral Reef Conservation program are: pp.2513-14 up to Section
I, Section VII, and Section VIII).  For more information, please contact
Eileen Alicea at eileen.alicea@noaa.gov or 301-713-3078 x218.
  ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
the digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: job posting for marine and national parks manager
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 12:06:22 -0400
From: "St Eustatius Marine Park" <semp@goldenrock.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <GCFINET@listserv.tamu.edu>,
     <unep-cep@yahoogroups.com>, <caribbean-biodiversity@yahoogroups.com>,
     <campam@yahoogroups.com>, <NANCIweb@yahoogroups.com>
Apologies for cross-postings
Kay Lynn Plummer, Manager/Director
St. Eustatius National & Marine Parks
Gallows Bay
St. Eustatius
Netherlands Antilles
Office 599-318-2884
Fax 599-318-2913
semp@goldenrock.net
POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT:  National & Marine Parks Manager
DESCRIPTION:  The St. Eustatius National Parks Foundation (STENAPA) manages
the Statia Marine Park, the Quill National Park, and the Miriam C. Schmidt
Botanical Garden.  The Marine Park surrounds the island of St. Eustatius
from the high water mark to 30 meters (100ft.) in depth.  Two reserves
within the Marine Park function to restore depleted fish populations and to
protect marine biodiversity.  The Quill National Park is a dormant volcano.
The crater harbors an evergreen seasonal forest, which is similar to a
tropical rainforest.  The botanical garden is currently undergoing Phase One
operations of a four-phase master plan.  For more information about STENAPA
and its missions, please visit our website at www.statiapark.org.
QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS:  A minimum of a Bachelors degree (preferably a
Masters) in marine biology, marine management, wildlife management, or a
related field and at least two (2) years working experience in Marine
Protected Area Management, Natural Resource Management, or related field.
Excellent communicative skills required.  Open Water Diver certification
required.  At least three (3) years experience navigating marine vessels.
Must have a thorough command of the English language and some knowledge of
Dutch.
OTHER ASSETS:  Experience coordinating volunteer programs; advanced computer
skills; a working knowledge of botany and landscaping; trail
systems/management experience; fundraising capabilities; promotional
materials development experience.
DESCRIPTION OF DUTIES:  Participate in the design and implementation of
research activities within the Marine Park; find funding to represent
STENAPA, participate and deliver presentations at conferences and workshops
internationally concerning Gulf and Caribbean fisheries and MPA management;
provide advice to Government; supervise and manage a staff of three (3) and
all associated activities; recruit and supervise volunteers from around the
world; develop promotional materials for distribution; create management
plans, work plans and manuals; write proposals for grant funding; coordinate
work programs through local schools; coordinate and implement educational
activities for local children and the community;  establish and maintain all
infrastructure related to STENAPA; perform any other duties as directed by
the Board of STENAPA relevant to the management and development of the
Parks.
APPLICATION DETAILS:  Interested and qualified persons should submit a cover
letter, resume, and two (2) letters of reference (including contact
information) electronically to semp@goldenrock.net.  Interviews will be
conducted with the successful candidates.  Only successful applicants will
be contacted.  The deadline for receipt of all applications is Thursday,
February 13, 2003.  Correspondence must be addressed to:
Kay Lynn Plummer, Manager/Director
St. Eustatius National & Marine Parks
Gallows Bay
St. Eustatius, Netherlands Antilles
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: International Institute for Rural Reconstruction
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 08:33:44 -0800
From: Reef Check Headquarters <rcheck@ucla.edu>
To: coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov
Hello,
The International Institute for Rural Reconstruction in the Philippines has
a 3-book set called Participatory Methods in Community Based Coastal
Resource Management that they will sell
you for about 10 bucks. IIRR has a website where you can order their books,
and their email is iirr@cav.pworld.net.ph
i helped write the books so i know they are very user friendly, having been
written collectively by a group of people who use these methods all the
time, working with communities. They have a sound scientific base but are
geared / streamlined for community use.
mangrove methods are in volume 3 but there is stuff in the other volumes on
transect sampling methods that will be hopefully of use to you too. The
mangrove chapters are:
mangrove assessment and monitoring (using the transect plot technique)
mangrove reforestation monitoring and: mangrove reforestation
cheers, Irene Novaczek
Subject: International grants
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 17:42:09 +0100
From: "Virginie Fruh" <v_fruh@hotmail.com>
To: Eileen.Alicea@noaa.gov, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hi
I'm looking for grants to fund a phd based in Indonesia concerning
fangblennies as mimics of cleaner wrasse. Being a Swiss citizen (and
therefore non-EU) makes it difficult to be eligible to many grants, but
because I'll be enrolled in an English university, and that the project
concerns animal behaviour and conservation, there must be some foundations
out there for funding!  So, if anyone has useful addresses, it would be
delightfully appreciated!
Best wishes for the new year, and thank you for your time,
Virginie Fruh
Virginie Fruh
Ch. des Bruyres 14
1007 Lausanne
Switzerland
021 601.30.40
076 443.51.02
v_fruh@hotmail.com
Interested in marine biology?
Scarborough Centre for Coastal Studies (SCCS)
http://www.ccs.hull.ac.UK
----Original Message Follows----
From: "Eileen Alicea"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Internat'l coral grants
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 09:56:36 -0500
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
STOP MORE SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE*
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
Subject: Internat'l coral grants
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 09:56:36 -0500
From: "Eileen Alicea" <Eileen.Alicea@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
An opportunity for funding of international coral reef projects is now
available through NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program, which was
published in the Federal Register on Friday, January 17, 2003.  The
international grant information below is excerpted from the Federal
Register, Vol. 68, No. 12
The Program Guidelines provide a general overview of the program, while the
Fiscal Year 2003 Funding Guidance published in the Federal Register Vol. 68,
No. 12, January 17, 2003 provides specific information on the eligibility,
proposal content, etc., for each of the four international project
categories included in this years funding. Both of the documents may be
found at http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html. Applications for funding
are DUE TO NOAA on March 14, 2003.
Eligible Applicants
Eligible applicants include all international, governmental, and
non-governmental organizations, including the Federated States of
Micronesia, Republic of Palau, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands.
Eligibility is also contingent upon whether activities undertaken with
respect to the application would be consistent with any applicable
conditions or restrictions imposed by the U.S. government.
The International grant program has four project categories: (Please note
that there is no category for coral reef monitoring this year)
1. Promote Watershed Management in Wider Caribbean Island Nations: The U.S.
and its partners are launching the White Water to Blue Water Initiative
presented at the World Summit on Sustainable Development. It is intended to
help implement international agreements and programs, for example, the
Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island
Developing States, The Convention for the Protection and Development of the
Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (the Cartagena Convention)
and its three protocols (including The Protocol concerning Pollution from
Land-based Sources and Activities), and the International Coral Reef
Initiative.  Therefore, IPO will fund activities that implement best
management practices that reduce or control runoff to near shore coral reef
ecosystems in the Wider Caribbean; assess effectiveness of these management
practices; engage stakeholders and government agencies in collaborative
partnerships to implement these practices; and recommend a set of best
management practices that can be applied to small island Caribbean systems.
2. Enhance Management Effectiveness of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs): NOAA
has launched a strategic partnership with the World Conservation Unions
(IUCN) World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) and World Wildlife Fund
(WWF)International to improve the management of MPAs by providing managers,
planners and other decision makers with methods for assessing the
effectiveness of MPA sites.  Therefore, IPO will fund activities at coral
MPA sites that are building an adaptive management and evaluation program
and will conduct an assessment of management effectiveness in order to
strengthen and achieve the site goals and objectives.
3. Encourage Regional Approaches to Further No-Take Marine Reserves in the
Wider Caribbean and Southeast Asia: Through this program, IPO will fund
regional level activities that benefit existing marine reserves in the Wider
Caribbean and Southeast Asia.  Southeast Asia shall be defined by Brunei,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam.  Furthermore, proposed regional level activities must involve sites
in two or more countries and address the needs of no-take marine reserves in
the regions as identified in the WCPA - Marine Caribbean Regional
Coordination Plan and the WCPA-Marine Southeast Asia Regional Action Plan.
The plans with the priority themes can be found at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html.
4. Promote Socio-Economic Monitoring in Coral Reef Management: Recognizing
the importance of the human dimension, the GCRMN published The Socioeconomic
Manual for Coral Reef Management, in partnership with NOAA, WCPA, and the
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), a guide to conducting
socioeconomic assessments of reef user groups. As follow-up, the GCRMN,
WCPA-Marine and NOAA are working with ICLARM, the University of West Indies
and other partners in the regions to develop socioeconomic monitoring
programs specific to Southeast Asia and the Wider Caribbean.  These regional
programs include three key phases: (1) development of SocMon, i.e.,
standardized, simple socioeconomic monitoring guidelines for each region;
(2) socioeconomic training workshops for reef managers to learn how to
conduct SocMon, specifically how to establish socioeconomic monitoring
programs at their sites; and, (3) establishment of socioeconomic monitoring
programs at participants coral reef management programs. Under this project
category, IPO will fund phase three - the establishment of socioeconomic
monitoring programs at coral reef sites in Southeast Asia and the Wider
Caribbean.  Proposals for such work in the Wider Caribbean must utilize the
SocMon-Wider Caribbean Guidelines; and similarly, proposals for work in
Southeast Asia must utilize the SocMon-Southeast Asia Guidelines.  For the
purpose of this project category, Southeast Asia shall be defined as Brunei,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and
Vietnam.  Both sets of Guidelines can be found at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html.
Awards
Awards will be:
a.  Watershed Management: Up to $75,000
b.  Management Effectiveness: $20,000 - $40,000
c.  Marine Reserves: $25,000 - $40,000
d.  Socio-economic Monitoring: $15,000 - $25,000
Project start date should be Oct 1st 2003 with duration of 12-18 months.
Matching contributions should be from non-US Federal sources.  If an
organization has no reasonable means to provide a match, please refer to
Section VIII. Matching funds of the Program Guidelines Federal Register
Notice at  http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html for detailed
instructions
How to apply:
Initial applications may be submitted by surface mail, e-mail, or Fax
(301-713-4389).  Submissions by e-mail are preferred. If submitting by
surface mail, please include a copy of the initial application in electronic
format on disk or CD and mail both to: David Kennedy, NOAA Coral Reef
Conservation Program Coordinator, Office of Response and Restoration, N/ORR,
Room 10102, NOAA National Ocean Service, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver
Spring, MD 20910.  Applications submitted by e-mail must be sent to
coral.grants@noaa.gov with ATTENTION to International Coral Reef
Conservation.  Applications must be received by FRIDAY, MARCH 14, 2003. NOAA
will provide written notice of the final funding selection on or before
September 30, 2003
For complete details on project categories and requirements, please refer to
the 2003 Funding Guidance Federal Register Notice at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrants.html. (Sections pertinent to the
International Coral Reef Conservation program are: pp.2513-14 up to Section
I, Section VII, and Section VIII).  For more information, please contact
Eileen Alicea at eileen.alicea@noaa.gov or 301-713-3078 x218.
  ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or
the digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 15:34:52 -0500
From: "Bill Millhouser" <Bill.Millhouser@noaa.gov>
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
The Commerce Departments National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) is seeking proposals from a broad array of governmental and
non-governmental entities for projects that promote the conservation of
coral reefs, both in the United States and abroad.  Approximately $5.59
million ($5.24 million from NOAA, $350,000 from the Department of Interior)
may be available through NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program, as
authorized by the Coral Reef Conservation Act of 2000.
The Act authorizes the Secretary of Commerce, through the NOAA Administrator
and subject to the availability of funds, to issue matching grants of
financial assistance for broad-based coral reef conservation activities,
consistent with the purposes of the Act.  Pursuant to section 6403 of the
Act, which establishes the Coral Reef Conservation (Grant) Program, NOAA
published the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program Implementation
Guidelines (Guidelines) in the Federal Register on April 19, 2002 (67 FR
19396). The Guidelines provide general Program criteria pursuant to that
outlined in the Act and establish that specific funding guidance will be
published once each year.  The Guidelines can be found at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrantsdocs/CoralGuidelines02.pdf
FY 20003 Funding Guidance, which was published in the Federal Register on
January 17, 2003 (68 FR 2513), describes the specific Program categories for
which proposals are being solicited, and their respective eligibility,
evaluation, and selection criteria for both applicants and activities.  The
FY 03 Funding Guidance can be found at
http://ipo.nos.noaa.gov/coralgrantsdocs/2003CORALFRN.pdf.
In 2003, NOAAs Guidance provides instructions on how to apply for funding
under the following categories, each outlined with specific applicant and
activity eligibility criteria:
  State and Territory Coral Reef Ecosystem Management;
  State and Territory Coral Reef Ecosystem Monitoring;
  Coral Reef Ecosystem Research;
  Projects to Improve or Amend Coral Reef Fishery Management Plans;
  General Coral Reef Conservation; and
  International Coral Reef Conservation
Initial Applications are due to NOAA by March 14, 2003; please see the FY 03
Funding Guidance for specific application requirements.
For general information on NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Grant Program,
contact Bill Millhouser at bill.millhouser@noaa.gov.
For specific information on the requierments for each category, plese
consult the technical contacts listed on the first page of the FY 03 Funding
guidance.
For general information on NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Program, contact
Roger Griffis at roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov.
Subject: Request for PROPOSALS: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Research Program
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 23:21:55 -1000
From: "HCRI Research Program" <HCRIResearchProgram@hawaii.rr.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Glovers Reef Lab Director
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2003 16:53:11 +0300
From: coralReef Conservation <crcp@africaonline.co.ke>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY
POSITION DESCRIPTION
Station Manager, Contract Position
Glovers Reef Marine Research Station, Belize (www.wcs.org/gloversreef)
Position:
The Wildlife Conservation Society seeks a Station Manager for its marine
research station at Glovers Reef Atoll, Belize, Central America.  WCS and
the Government of Belize established the Glovers Reef Marine Research
Station in the early 1990s with the mission of promoting the long-term
conservation and management of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef through in-situ
research, cooperative management, training and education.  The station is
situated on Middle Cay on the southeastern edge of the Glovers Reef atoll in
the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. Research is conducted at the station by
visiting scientists throughout the year in disciplines as varied as marine
biology, marine ecology, social science, anthropology, botany, and
ornithology.  The Station Manager is responsible for all day-to-day
operations of the Glovers Reef Marine Research Station. This includes
oversight of the research program (with input from other WCS staff),
management of the station staff, hosting and scheduling researchers,
maintaining station equipment, and maintaining excellent communication with
the Marine Program Coordinator in Belize City, the central office of WCS,
fellow residents of Glovers Reef atoll, and representatives of the
Government of Belize and other organizations. The Station Manager reports to
the Marine Program Coordinator in Belize. S/he consults regularly with the
Director of WCS Marine Conservation Programs headquarters in New York and
works closely with WCS Regional Coordinator for Mesoamerica and the
Caribbean, located in Gainesville, Florida.
Qualifications:
As part of running a research station on a relatively remote island, it is
essential that the Station Manager have a good working knowledge of boat
operation, electrical systems, gas systems, motors, general mechanics,
marine weather, first aid, and safety. A background in marine science,
natural resource conservation and management, or natural sciences is
strongly preferred. Ideally, a candidate will have knowledge of coral reef
ecology and tropical marine fisheries science and an interest in marine or
environmental education. Excellent communication skills and the ability to
work with diverse groups of people in challenging situations required.  As
the Stations personnel manager, the Station Manager must be comfortable
supervising a small staff living in close quarters on a remote island. The
Manager should be comfortable communicating verbally and in writing via
phone, fax, and email with WCS staff in Belize City, New York and
Gainesville, Florida. Commitment to marine conservation required.
The position is open to expatriates and Belizeans. Send resume and salary
requirements via email to: rcerroni@wcs.org with subject heading: Station
Manager. Your resume must be written in English (in Word format) and be
attached to your email.
Deadline: April 1, 2003
Tim McClanahan, PhD
The Wildlife Conservation Society
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Corals for Kiddies?
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2003 19:39:17 -0500
From: coral-list admin <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Greetings, coralleros (as Judy Lang likes to say),
        I was thinking some of you might be able to help this lady's
request.
The answer would help me, too, because I don't often get a request
through our CHAMP page for children this young.
        Thanks!
        Cheers,
        Jim
-----Original Message-----
From: Lorraine Beato <ruinraine@aol.com>
Sent: Saturday, January 18, 2003 7:43 PM
Subject: CHAMP Comment Form Submission
I have a 3rd grade daughter who would like to get involved with the
coral reefs and marine biology.  Are there any kid friendly
organizations which she can join or volunteer?  We live in Georgia, but
do go to Florida quite often.  I would appreciate any suggestions you
may have.
Thanks!
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: GBR Bleaching Status Update
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2003 19:45:17 -0500
From: Paul Marshall <paulma@gbrmpa.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[Coral-List Admin Note: this message was unfortunately delayed.]
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, in conjunction with the
Australian Institute of Marine Science and NOAA, are once again closely
monitoring conditions on the Great Barrier Reef as summer progresses.
Below is a summary of the latest coral bleaching status report. The
full  status report can be found on the GBRMPA web site:
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/science/bleaching/conditions_report.html
********
GBR Coral Bleaching Status Update - 14 January 2002
The news continues to be good in terms of coral bleaching risk for the
Great Barrier Reef (GBR) this summer. Weather conditions remain
relatively mild, with good cloud cover and persistent winds keeping sea
temperatures at or below seasonal averages, despite El Nino conditions
over much of eastern Australia. No significant coral bleaching has been
reported to date from the Reef, and bleaching thresholds have not been
reached at any key monitoring sites.
This time last year, sea temperatures were 2-4 degrees C above current
temperatures, resulting in the worst coral bleaching event ever
recorded  for the GBR. While the milder conditions this year are cause
of some  optimism, hot conditions leading to widespread coral bleaching
in 1998  did not develop until the end of January. This suggests that
there is  still some potential for a coral bleaching event on the GBR in
the  months ahead, although the risk of an event as severe as last
summer is  now substantially reduced. A full report of the 2002
bleaching event can  also be found on the GBRMPA web site:
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au.
The GBRMPA, in conjunction with AIMS and NOAA, will continue to closely
monitor and report on conditions on the Reef throughout summer.
The GBRMPA welcomes any reports of coral bleaching. If you regularly
visit a reef site, or you have seen bleaching on the reef, we would be
grateful for your input to our Community Bleaching Assessment Program.
For more information see the GBRMPA website or contact Jessica Hoey
(jessicah@gbrmpa.gov.au).
--
Dr Paul Marshall
Research & Monitoring Co-ordination
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
PO Box 1379
Townsville QLD 4810
Australia
email: p.marshall@gbrmpa.gov.au
phone: 07 4750 0771
fax:   07 4772 6093
mobile:0428 889 812
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Mass coral spawning volunteers
Date: Fri, 24 Jan 2003 21:21:51 -0500
From: "Gast Family" <gast@characterlink.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Are there any volunteer opportunities for experienced divers and naturalists
during mass coral spawning events?
Valerie Gast
gast@characterlink.net
Subject: Re: Corals for Kiddies?
Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2003 09:10:46 EST
From: SeanMaia@aol.com
To: jch@aoml.noaa.gov, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Jim,
One possible resource for kids who are interested in environmental issues is
4-H.  Yes, that's the same 4-H that is generally known for teaching kids how
to raise cattle, chickens and hogs.  In Florida, and probably other states,
there are many counties that have 4-H marine clubs.  4-H is open to kids
aged 5 to 18.  Every county in Florida has a county extension office (often
called the Agricultural center) and the 4-H office is usually located
there.  The national 4-H program has an Eco-Adventures type curriculum with
projects and activities.  The Florida 4-H program has existing (older)
project books and resource guides; new ones are under development.  Most of
these project materials are geared towards ages 8+ (project books for the
5-7 age range are being developed in FL).
As a Sea Grant extension agent, I work closely with the 4-H program in NE
Florida and have been involved in revising some of their marine-related
materials.
4-H also typically offers summer camp programs that are educational in
nature.
Hope this gives folks one avenue to explore..
Maia McGuire
Sea Grant Extension Agent
3125 Agricultural Center Drive
St. Augustine, FL 32092
904-824-4564
In a message dated 1/24/2003 7:50:16 PM Eastern Standard Time,
jch@aoml.noaa.gov writes:
Subject: question nitrates phosphates
Date: Sat, 25 Jan 2003 18:42:28 -0400
From: "diannewilson" <dianne@vincysurf.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Anita at Noaa suggested a post this for consideration.
I live on a small island in the Grenadines in the Caribbean.  We are =
seeing long black stringy algae covering reefs and choking it out.  =
Hoping the answer was in water testing we bought LaMotte phosphate and =
nitrate test kits....our results are not as expected and we need help in =
interpreting the data.  Is there someone who would offer a little on =
line help?  We have the attention of the government and can likely stop =
the cause, but we need to have credible information.
Many thanks in advance,
Dianne Wilson
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Fwd: petition. important. sign.
Date: Mon, 27 Jan 2003 08:44:45 +0100
From: "Virginie Fruh" <v_fruh@hotmail.com>
To: alisonimms@yahoo.com, Benhaywood@hotmail.com, ChuaT@anz.com,
     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, crowbar@lords.com,
     Darren.Petherick@defence.gov.au, dharshko@yahoo.com,
     evaabdulla78@hotmail.com, fins!!@bukid.cvis.net.ph,
     heidiabraham@hotmail.com, macca32_2000@yahoo.com,
     hogaholics@hotmail.com, ines.beck@accenture.com, jdelapraz@yahoo.com,
     jeni_fyfe@hotmail.com, jahsa@hotmail.com, johnwee@attglobal.net,
     katia.dazzi@serono.com, kristel.wuersten@serono.com,
     zwahlaur@students.hevs.ch, laurence.martin@serono.com,
     regina_dancing_queen@yahoo.co.uk, lenasheh@sltnet.lk,
     marlonqui@hotmail.com, nitesh@eureka.lk,
     philippe.chatellard@serono.com, pyrexqueen@hotmail.com,
     rbowen13@yahoo.com, simon_parker80@hotmail.com,
     stephane.Busso@serono.com, vertretung@can.rep.admin.ch,
     thomas_heeger@yahoo.com
US Congress has authorized the President to go to war against Iraq. Please
consider this an urgent request. UN Petition for Peace. Stand for Peace.
Islam is not the Enemy. War is NOT the Answer.
Today we are at a point of imbalance in the world and are moving toward what
may be the beginning of a THIRD WORLD WAR. If you are against this
possibility, the UN is gathering signatures in an effort to avoid a tragic
world event.
Please COPY (rather than Forward) this e-mail in a new message, sign at the
end of the list, and send it to all the people whom you know. If you receive
this list with more than 500 names signed, please send a copy of the message
to: usa@un.int & president@whitehouse.gov
Even if you decide not to sign, please consider forwarding the petition on
instead of eliminating it.
1) Suzanne Dathe, Grenoble, France
2) Laurence COMPARAT, Grenoble, France
3) Philippe MOTTE, Grenoble, France
4) Jok FERRAND, Mont St. Martin, France
5) Emmanuelle PIGNOL, St Martin d'Heres, FRANCE
6) Marie GAUTHIER, Grenoble, FRANCE
7) Laurent VESCALO, Grenoble, FRANCE
8) Mathieu MOY, St Egreve, FRANCE
9) Bernard BLANCHET, Mont St Martin,FRANCE
10) Tassadite FAVRIE, Grenoble, FRANCE
11) Loic GODARD, St Ismier, FRANCE
12) Benedicte PASCAL, Grenoble, FRANCE
13) Khedaid! ja BENATIA, Grenoble, FRANCE
14) Marie-Therese LLORET, Grenoble,FRANCE
15) Benoit THEAU, Poitiers, FRANCE
16) Bruno CONSTANTIN, Poitiers, FRANCE
17) Christian COGNARD, Poitiers, FRANCE
18) Robert GARDETTE, Paris, FRANCE
19) Claude CHEVILLARD, Montpellier, FRANCE
20) gilles FREISS, Montpellier, FRANCE
21) Patrick AUGEREAU, Montpellier, FRANCE
22) Jean IMBERT, Marseille, FRANCE
23) Jean-Claude MURAT, Toulouse, France
24) Anna BASSOLS, Barcelona, Catalonia
25) Mireia DUNACH, Barcelona, Catalonia
26) Michel VILLAZ, Grenoble, France
27) Pages Frederique, Dijon, France
28) Rodolphe FISCHMEISTER,Chatenay-Malabry, France
29) Francois BOUTEAU, Paris, France
30) Patrick PETER, Paris, France
31) Lorenza RADICI, Paris, France
32) Monika Siegenthaler, Bern, Switzerland
33) Mark Philp, Glasgow, Scotland
34) Tomas Andersson, Stockholm, Sweden
35) Jonas Eriksson, Stockholm, Sweden
36) Karin Eriksson, Stockholm, Sweden
37) Ake Ljung, Stockholm, Sweden
38) Carina Sedlmayer, Stockholm, Sweden
39) Rebecca Uddman, Stockholm, Sweden
40) Lena Skog, Stockholm, Sweden
41) Micael Folke, Stockholm, Sweden
42) Britt-Marie Folke, Stockholm, Sweden
43) Birgitta Schuberth, Stockholm, Sweden
44) Lena Dahl, Stockholm, Sweden
45) Ebba Karlsson, Stockholm, Sweden
46) Jessica Carlsson, Vaxjo, Sweden
47) Sara Blomquist, Vaxjo, Sweden
48) Magdalena Fosseus, Vaxjo, Sweden
49) Charlotta Langner, Goteborg, Sweden
50) Andrea Egedal, Goteborg, Sweden
51) Lena Persson, Stockholm, Sweden
52) Magnus Linder, Umea ,Sweden
53) Petra Olofsson, Umea, Sweden
54) Caroline Evenbom, Vaxjo, Sweden
55) Asa Peterson, Grimes, Sweden
56) Jessica Bjork, Grimes, Sweden
57) Linda Ahlbom Goteborg, Sweden
58) Jenny Forsman, Boras, Sweden
59) Nina Gunnarson, Kinna, Sweden
60) Andrew Harrison, New Zealand
61) Bryre Murphy, New Zealand
62) Claire Lugton, New Zealand
63) Sara! h Thornton, New Zealand
64) Rachel Eade, New Zealand
65) Magnus Hjert, London, UK
67) Madeleine Stamvik, Hurley, UK
68) Susanne Nowlan, Vermont, USA
69) Lotta Svenby, Malmoe, Sweden
70) Adina Giselsson, Malmoe, Sweden
71) Anders Kullman, Stockholm, Sweden
72) Rebecka Swane, Stockholm, Sweden
73) Jens Venge, Stockholm, Sweden
74) Catharina Ekdahl, Stockholm, Sweden
75) Nina Fylkegard, Stockholm, Sweden
76) Therese Stedman, Malmoe, Sweden
77) Jannica Lund, Stockholm, Sweden
78) Douglas Bratt
79) Mats Lofstrom, Stockholm, Sweden
80) Li Lindstrom, Sweden
81) Ursula Mueller, Sweden
82) Marianne Komstadius, Stockholm, Sweden
83) Peter Thyselius, Stockholm, Sweden
84) Gonzalo Oviedo, Quito, Ecuador
85) Amalia Romeo, Gland, Switzerland
86) Margarita Restrepo, Gland, Switzerland
87) Eliane Ruster, Crans p.C., Switzerland
88) Jennifer Bischoff-Elder, Hong Kong
89) Azita Lashgari, Beirut, Lebanon
90) Khashayar Ostovany, New York, USA
91) Lisa L Miller, Reno NV
92) Danielle Avazian, Los Angeles, CA
93) Sara Risher,Los Angeles,Ca.
94) Melanie London, New York, NY
95) Susan Brownstein , Los Angeles, CA
96) Steven Raspa, San Francisco, CA
97) Margot Duane, Ross, CA
98) Natasha Darnall, Los Angeles, CA
99) Candace Brower, Evanston, IL
100) James Kjelland, Evanston, IL
101) Michael Jampole, Beach Park, IL, USA
102) Diane Willis, Wilmette, IL, USA
103) Sharri Russell, Roanoke, VA, USA
104) Faye Cooley, Roanoke, VA, USA
105) Celeste Thompson, Round Rock, TX, USA
106) Sherry Stang, Pflugerville, TX, USA
107) Amy J. Singer, Pflugerville, TX USA
108) Milissa Bowen, Austin, TX USA
109) Michelle Jozwiak, Brenham, TX USA
110) Mary Orsted, College Station, TX USA
111) Janet Gardner, Dallas, TX USA
112) Marilyn Hollingsworth, Dallas, TX USA
113) Nancy Shamblin, Garland. TX USA
114) K. M. Mullen, Houston, TX - USA
115) Noreen Tolma! n, Houston, Texas - USA
116) Laurie Sobolewski, Warren, MI
117) Kellie Sisson Snider, Irving Texas
118) Carol Currie, Garland, Garland Texas
119) John Snyder, Garland, TX USA
120) Elaine Hannan, South Africa
121) Jayne Howes, South Africa
122) Diane Barnes, Akron, Ohio
123) Melanie Dass Moodley, Durban, South Africa
124) Imma Merino, Barcelona, Catalonia
125) Toni Vinas, Barcelona, Catalonia
126) Marc Alfaro, Barcelona, Catalonia
127) Manel Saperas, Barcelona, Catalonia
128) Jordi Ribas Izquierdo, Catalonia
129) Naiana Lacorte Rodes, Catalonia
130) Joan Vitoria i Codina, Barcelona,Catalonia
131) Jordi Paris i Romia, Barcelona,Catalonia
132) Jordi Lagares Roset, Barcelona,Catalonia
133) Josep Puig Vidal, Barcelona,Catalonia
134) Marta Juanola i Codina, Barcelona,Catalonia
135) Manel de la Fuente i Colino,Barcelona,Catalonia
136) Gemma Belluda i Ventura, Barcelona,Catalonia
137) Victor Belluda i Ventur, Barcelona,Catalonia
138) MaAntonia Balletbo, Barcelona, Spain
139) Mireia Masdevall Llorens, Barcelona,Spain
140) Clara Planas, Barcelona, Spain
141) Fernando Labastida Gual, Barcelona,Spain
142) Cristina Vacarisas, Barcelona, Spain
143) Enric Llarch i Poyo, Barcelona, Catalonia
144) Rosa Escoriza Valencia, Barcelona,Catalonia
145) Silvia Jimenez, Barcelona, Catalonia
146) Maria Clarella, Barcelona, Catalonia
147) Angels Guimera, Barcelona, Catalonia
148) M.Carmen Ruiz Fernandez, Barcelona,Catalonia
149) Rufi Cerdan Heredia, Barcelona,Catalonia
150) M. Teresa Vilajeliu Roig, Barcelona,Catalonia
151) Rafel LLussa, Girona, Catalonia,Spain
152) Mariangels Gallego Ribo, Gelida,Catalonia
153) Jordi Cortadella, Gelida, Catalonia
154) Pere Botella, Barcelona, Catalonia(Spain)
155) Josefina Auladell Baulenas, Catalunya(Spain)
156) Empar Escoin Carceller, Catalunya(Spain)
157) Elisa Pla Soler, Catalunya (Spain)
158) Paz Morillo Bosch, Catalunya (S! pain)
159) Cristina Bosch Moreno, Madrid (Spain)
160) Marta Puertolas, Barcelona (Spain)
161) Elisa del Pino (Madrid) Spain
162) Joaquin Rivera (Madrid) Spain
163) Carmen Barral (Madrid) Spain
164) Carmen del Pino (Madrid) Spain
165) Diana Ariane Bender (Munich) Germany
166) Annabelle Livingston (London) England
167) Lindsay Taylor (London) England
168) Amy Morgan (London) England
169) Liam Farrell (London) England
170) Damian Tow (London)
180) Michael Hayward (Nottingham) England
181) Jyoti Jackson-Baker (Bristol) England
182) Frazer Waller ( Milton Keynes ) England
183) Tamara Schreiber (Tel Aviv) Israel
184) Dan Goldenblatt (Tel Aviv) Israel
185) Ilan Goldenblatt (Gabriola Island, B.C.) Canada
186) Fiona Chitty (Gabriola Island, B.C.) Canada
187) Elke Barczak (Tokyo) Japan
188) Joe McCunney (Tokyo) Japan
189) Aaron Beutel (Nagoya) Japan
190) Marta Truno i Salvado, Barcelona,Catalonia
191) Zanni Waldstein, (Melbourne) Australia
192) Sally-Anne Levy, London, England
193) Patricia Fletcher, Melbourne, Australia
194) Margot Wilson, Melbourne, Australia
195) Matthew Baker, Melbourne, Australia
196) Liz Shepherd, Melbourne, Australia
197) Nicole Jordain, Melbourne, Australia
198) Stacey Farrell, Mt Maunganui, New Zealand
199) Chantelle Laurent, Mt Maunganui, New Zealand
200) Kristy Bamfield, Hamilton, new Zealand
201) Jim Morrogh, Auckland, New Zealand
202) Carola McCarthy, Orewa, New Zealand
203) Aidan Halligan, Auckland, New Zealand
203) Mike McCarthy, Orewa, New Zealand
204) Kirk Harding, Brooklyn, New York
205) Juliette Chisholm, New York, New York
206) David Hollely, Brooklyn , New York
207) April Reigart Philadelphia, PA USA
208) Sami El-Hajjeh, On, Canada
209) Amy Sharp, St. Catharines, ON Canada
210) Monika Schmuck, Stoney Creek, ON, Canada
211) Jasbir Brar, Stoney Creek, ON, Canada
212) Miriam Inparajah, Toronto, ON, ! Canada
213) Claudia Ezraeelian, London England.
214) Shehan Lena, Manchester, England
215) Virginie Fruh, Lausanne, Switzerland
216) Mathias Holzer, Lausanne, Switzerland
217) Cline Holzer, Lausanne, Switzerland
218) Johanna Harley, Lausanne, Switzerland
219) Dean Harley, Lausanne, Switzerland
220) Marianne Fruh, Lausanne, Switzerland
221) Johan Fruh, Lausanne, Switzerland
Virginie Fruh
Ch. des Bruyres 14
1007 Lausanne
Switzerland
021 601.30.40
076 443.51.02
v_fruh@hotmail.com
Interested in marine biology?
Scarborough Centre for Coastal Studies (SCCS)
http://www.ccs.hull.ac.UK
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Subject: Inappropriate postings
Date: Mon, 27 Jan 2003 06:52:41 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
This listserver is not a forum for political discussions or for posting
commercially-oriented messages.  Also, once you post something like
this, others might be temped to discuss it further through this list.  I
must now moderate the list, which makes it tougher on everyone, so my
apologies ahead of time to those of you who may have your posting
delayed.
    Not-so-happily yours,
    Jim Hendee
    coral-list administrator
Virginie Fruh wrote:
> US Congress has authorized the President to go to war against Iraq.
> Please
> consider this an urgent request.
>
> ...blah, blah, blah....
>
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Need information on carrying capacity
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 10:32:53 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Coral lister,
I need to get information about other papers than Hawskin's and Roberts'
=
(1997) about carrying capacity in coral reef diving. I am participating
=
in the elaboration of tourist diving regulations, and so far I have =
Haskin's and Roberts' figures of 5000-6000 divers/site/year. I think it
=
would be good a figure for begining that could be revised an adjusted =
after subsequent monitoring, but I would like to know about other =
alternative numbers. I would appreciate to receive that information, as
=
well as any relevant comment on the issue.
Cheers,
Pedro
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Reproduction of Porites lutea
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 10:33:53 -0500
From: "James Rolfe Guest" <scip9051@nus.edu.sg>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear coral-list,
I am working on the reproductive cycle of the scleractinian coral
Porites lutea in Singapore. Most of the colonies I have sampled are
mature in April and/or May and I think that spawning occurs in those
months after the full moon (although I haven't witnessed spawning of
this species yet). I would be interested to make comparisons of the
timing of spawning of this species in Singapore with other coral reef
locations. Does anyone know of any publications (other than those listed
below) or has any anecdotal evidence of spawning in P. lutea in any
other location?
The publications which include reproduction of P. lutea that I have so
far are:
Harriott VJ (1983) Reproductive Ecology of Four Scleractinian Species at
Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 2:9-18
Kojis BL & Quinn NJ (1981) Reproductive Strategies in Four Species of
Porites (Scleractinia). Proc 4th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:145-151
Marshall SM & Stephenson TA (1933) The Breeding of Reef Animals I. The
Corals. The Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29. Sci Rep 3:219-245
Babcock RC et al (1986) Synchronous Spawning of 105 Scleractinian Coral
Species on the GBR. Mar Biol. 90:379-384
Heyward AJ (1989) Reproductive Status of Some Guam Corals. Micronesica
21:272
I look forward to hearing from you.
Cheers,
James Guest
Research Scholar
Department of Biological Sciences
National University of Singapore
Blk S2 14 Science Drive 4
Singapore 117543
Tel: +65 68746867
E-mail: scip9051@nus.edu.sg
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: recovery/erosion
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 10:34:55 -0500
From: "Emily Hardman" <emilyhardman@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear All,
As part of my PhD I am investigating the after-effects of a coral
bleaching  event in Rodrigues (Indian Ocean) by looking at coral
recovery (new  recruitment) and bioerosion.
Would anyone please be able to recommend some good guides for
identifying  coral recruits, at least down to genus level, and also for
identifying  internal macro-boring organisms commonly found in
Indo-Pacific branching  coral rubble?
Thank you very much for your help,
Emily Hardman
------------------------------
Emily Hardman
Tropical Ecology Group,
School of Ocean Sciences,
University of Wales Bangor,
Menai Bridge,
Anglesey,
LL59 5AB
UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1248 382 863
E-mail: osp829@bangor.ac.uk
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: question nitrates phosphates
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 18:20:45 -0500
From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
To: "diannewilson" <dianne@vincysurf.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hello Dianne, coral-list,
At 06:42 PM 25/01/2003 -0400, you wrote:
>Anita at Noaa suggested a post this for consideration.
>
>I live on a small island in the Grenadines in the Caribbean.  We are =
>seeing long black stringy algae covering reefs and choking it out.  =
>Hoping the answer was in water testing we bought LaMotte phosphate and =
>nitrate test kits....our results are not as expected
I'm curious: what did you expect to find (and why?) and what did you
actually find? Were you expecting to find elevated nutrient levels?
(This
is my first guess, since it is routinely thought to be an important
cause
of increased algae growth these days.)
I can't help you in the specifics of discussing exactly what is growing
on
your reefs, but am interested in your observations.
The increasing dominance of marine algae, especially fine or filamentous
forms, is a very broad pattern that seems to be occurring in marine
environments virtually everywhere now. I am not convinced (although many
are) that this change is basically a reflection of an increasing
availability of plant nutrients in coastal waters. (Besides increasing
nutrient availability, declining populations of herbivores are also
sometimes suspected, and doubtless this plays a role...but it is the
effect
of changing nutrient dynamics on the algae that interests me the most.)
The pattern of declining populations of marine invertebrates and their
replacement by algal growths is also strongly evident in temperate
zones.
In my area, Atlantic Canada, we have no shallow water coral reefs but
there
has been a marked decline in coastal sessile invertebrates (barnacles,
mussels...roughly analogous to your corals). Unpolluted areas that were
once dominated by barnacles and mussels now predominantly support
seaweed.
(e.g. see http://www.fisherycrisis.com/barnacles.html )  And within the
established seaweed communities there is a marked shift away from the
long-dominant, heavier perennial species toward shorter lived algae with
much finer structures. The automatic interpretation of this changing
appearance of seaweed seems to be that this new, elaborate algal growth
must have resulted from an increasing availability of plant nutrients
(from
pollution). To some, it seems cut and dried.
But the signals from the long-established, older, heavier seaweeds as
they
decline strongly suggest that these plants are experiencing a lowered,
rather than an increased, availability of nutrients. Stunted growth,
lowered levels of pigmentation, lowered resistance to environmental
stressors such as light, heat and dessication...these patterns are
visible
in all of the typical large seaweed groups in my area. And the increased
growth of filamentous algae is dramatic, indeed it also gives the
impression that it might be "choking out" the others. (I have a
collection
of photos on my website, several galleries are linked from this page:
http://www.fisherycrisis.com/Galleries/weedgallery.htm  )
I have been puzzled at the quick conclusion that commonly seems to be
made
that the increase in filamentous algae has been stimulated by an
increase
in nutrient availability. The filamentous growth style, with its
relatively
high surface area:volume ratio, gives these organisms a natural
advantage
over the thicker-fleshed algae under conditions where nutrient
availability
is lowered.
Maybe at some level the interpretive difficulty is related to our
(subconscious?) comparison of seaweeds to terrestrial plants. It is
commonly known that applying fertilizer to a vegetable garden results in
a
more lush, elaborate growth of plants. So, when we witness an
increasingly
elaborate growth of seaweed, is this partly why we assume that it must
be
the result of increased fertilization?
But when we view the vegetable garden, we are generally only seeing the
"tops" of the plants (stalks, leaves, fruits, etc, responsible for
photosynthesis and energy storage) as the "roots" (oft-filamentous
tissues
responsible for uptake of dissolved nutrients) are invisible. In
terrestrial plants, "tops" and "roots" do not respond to fertilizer in
the
same way. Agricultural research has shown that, when well fertilized,
the
root:top ratio of plants (for example, corn) declines. Relatively more
elaborate root development occurs in the fertilizer-poor plot, and roots
then make up a greater fraction of the total mass of the plant. (And
this
type of plasticity is not at all surprising.)
At first glance, seaweeds may well remind us of the "tops" of
terrestrial
plants, but what is waving in the water column is in fact analogous to
both
the "tops" and the "roots" of the cornfield. Viewed in this light,
today's
proliferation of filamentous marine algae (more "root"-like types) and
decline in heavier in heavier, fleshy species (more "top"-like) should
raise the suspicion that one fundamental change that is occurring in the
oceans is a decline in the availability of plant nutrients. (One may
also
imagine the corals as being more essentially like "tops" than
"roots"...)
Dianne, it may seem as if I have strayed rather far from your initial
question, but the matter of discovering the true relationship between
trends in fertilizer availability and growth changes in marine algae is
a
hugely important one. Thanks for raising it.
Debbie MacKenzie
http://www.fisherycrisis.com
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: ReefEd launch - www.reefed.edu.au
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 08:34:43 -0500
From: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Angela Colliver <angelac@gbrmpa.gov.au>,
     "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Aquatic Information Listserve <aquaticinfo@neaq.org>
Dear All,
on behalf of our education manager, Angela Colliver,  I would like to
let you know that ReefED  - the  latest reef education portal of the
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority has been launched by the
Australian Federal Environment Minister Dr. David Kemp today.
ReefED is the world's largest on-line, curriculum based, interactive
resource about the Great Barrier Reef. It offers :
 Outcome focussed teaching resources linked explicitly to Key Learning
Areas and Australian State Curriculum Frameworks
 GBR Explorer  a comprehensive encyclopaedia of the Great Barrier Reef
- fantastic for assignments
 On-line action based participation activities such as Reef Guardians
Schools program
 On-line lesson plans
 Reef videos
 Images
 Video conferencing  students can speak to a diver underwater;
 Video streaming and Internet
The ReefED web site is powered by the BoaB Content Manager, a product of
WWd.
The BoaB Content Manager is a database driven web site management
system, that allows ReefED staff to fully manage the web site by
changing text, creating
new pages and sections, uploading images, electronic download files and
much more. With a short introduction, new staff can be given access to
specific sections, with specific access privileges such as creating
content, reviewing content or making pages live.
BoaB is ideal for organizations and companies which have high volumes
of information they want to publish on their web site. By simplifying
the updating
process, the BoaB system allows a client to keep a web site always
up-to-date without ongoing expenses.
www.reefed.edu.au
For further information please contact Angela Colliver under angelac
@gbrmpa.gov.au.
Cheers,
Kirsten
--
Dr. Kirsten Michalek-Wagner
Biologist Coral Reef Ecosystems
ReefHQ
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
2-68 Flinders Street, Townsville, Qld. 4810
Australia
phone: 07 4750 0876
fax:   07 4772 5281
email: kirstenm@gbrmpa.gov.au
"For myself, I am an optimist.  It does not seem to be much use being
anything else." Sir Winston Churchill
http://www.reefhq.org.au
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Addresses
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 08:36:43 -0500
From: "Tanga Coast Zone" <tangacoast@kaributanga.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Coral listers,
Can anyone help me with the e-mail addresses of:
Dr. Alec Dawson Shephard
and
Dr. Tom van 't Hof
Thanks a lot
Eric Verheij
e-mail: tangacoast@kaributanga.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Carrying capacity, etc.
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 08:36:43 -0500
From: "Patrick Scaps" <patrick.scaps@univ-lille1.fr>
To: <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Pedro,
You will find informations concerning carrying capacity in
coral reef diving
in the following papers:
Schleyer M.H., Tomalin B.J. 2000. Damage on south african
coral reefs and an
assessment of their sustainable diving capacity using a
fisheries approach.
Bull. Mar. Sci. 67(3): 1025-1042.
Davis D., Tisdell C. 1995. Recreational scuba-diving and
acrrying capacity
in marine protected areas. Ocean & Coastal Management. 26(1)
: 19-40.
Zakai D., Chadwick-Furman N.E. 2002. Impacts of intensive
recreational
diving on reef corals at Eilat, northern Red Sea. Biol.
Conser. 105:
179-187.
Harriott V, Davis D, Banks S. 1997. Recreational diving and
its impact in
marine protected areas in Eastern Australia. Ambio. 26:
173-179.
Dixon J.A, Scura LF, van't Hof T. 1993. Meeting ecological
and economic
goals: marine parks in the Caribbean. Ambio. 22: 117-125.
Chadwick-Furman, N.E., 1997. Effects of SCUBA diving on
coral reef
invertebrates in the US Virgin Islands: implications for the
management of
diving tourism. In: den Hartog, J.C. (ed), Proceedings of
the Sixth
International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, Nationaal
Naturhistorisch
Museum., pp. 91-100.
Sincerely yours,
Dr. SCAPS Patrick
Ph D Marine Biology
Laboratory of Numerical Ecology and Ecotoxicology
University of Sciences and Technologies of Lille
59 655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cdex
FRANCE
Tel: 33 0320436517
E-mail: patrick.scaps@univ-lille1.fr
----- Original Message -----
From: "coral-list-daily"
<owner-coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: <coral-list-daily@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Wednesday, January 29, 2003 7:05 AM
Subject: coral-list-daily V3 #20
>
> coral-list-daily      Wednesday, January 29 2003      Volume 03 : Number
020
>
>
>
> Need information on carrying capacity
> Reproduction of Porites lutea
> recovery/erosion
> Re: question nitrates phosphates
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 10:32:53 -0500
> From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
> Subject: Need information on carrying capacity
>
> Dear Coral lister,
>
> I need to get information about other papers than Hawskin's and Roberts'
> =
> (1997) about carrying capacity in coral reef diving. I am participating
> =
> in the elaboration of tourist diving regulations, and so far I have =
> Haskin's and Roberts' figures of 5000-6000 divers/site/year. I think it
> =
> would be good a figure for begining that could be revised an adjusted =
> after subsequent monitoring, but I would like to know about other =
> alternative numbers. I would appreciate to receive that information, as
> =
> well as any relevant comment on the issue.
>
> Cheers,
> Pedro
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 10:33:53 -0500
> From: "James Rolfe Guest" <scip9051@nus.edu.sg>
> Subject: Reproduction of Porites lutea
>
> Dear coral-list,
>
> I am working on the reproductive cycle of the scleractinian coral
> Porites lutea in Singapore. Most of the colonies I have sampled are
> mature in April and/or May and I think that spawning occurs in those
> months after the full moon (although I haven't witnessed spawning of
> this species yet). I would be interested to make comparisons of the
> timing of spawning of this species in Singapore with other coral reef
> locations. Does anyone know of any publications (other than those listed
> below) or has any anecdotal evidence of spawning in P. lutea in any
> other location?
>
> The publications which include reproduction of P. lutea that I have so
> far are:
>
> Harriott VJ (1983) Reproductive Ecology of Four Scleractinian Species at
> Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 2:9-18
>
> Kojis BL & Quinn NJ (1981) Reproductive Strategies in Four Species of
> Porites (Scleractinia). Proc 4th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:145-151
>
> Marshall SM & Stephenson TA (1933) The Breeding of Reef Animals I. The
> Corals. The Great Barrier Reef Expedition 1928-29. Sci Rep 3:219-245
>
> Babcock RC et al (1986) Synchronous Spawning of 105 Scleractinian Coral
> Species on the GBR. Mar Biol. 90:379-384
>
> Heyward AJ (1989) Reproductive Status of Some Guam Corals. Micronesica
> 21:272
>
> I look forward to hearing from you.
>
> Cheers,
>
> James Guest
>
> Research Scholar
> Department of Biological Sciences
> National University of Singapore
> Blk S2 14 Science Drive 4
> Singapore 117543
> Tel: +65 68746867
> E-mail: scip9051@nus.edu.sg
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 10:34:55 -0500
> From: "Emily Hardman" <emilyhardman@hotmail.com>
> Subject: recovery/erosion
>
> Dear All,
>
> As part of my PhD I am investigating the after-effects of a coral
> bleaching  event in Rodrigues (Indian Ocean) by looking at coral
> recovery (new  recruitment) and bioerosion.
>
> Would anyone please be able to recommend some good guides for
> identifying  coral recruits, at least down to genus level, and also for
> identifying  internal macro-boring organisms commonly found in
> Indo-Pacific branching  coral rubble?
>
> Thank you very much for your help,
>
> Emily Hardman
>
> - ------------------------------
> Emily Hardman
> Tropical Ecology Group,
> School of Ocean Sciences,
> University of Wales Bangor,
> Menai Bridge,
> Anglesey,
> LL59 5AB
> UK
>
> Tel: +44 (0) 1248 382 863
> E-mail: osp829@bangor.ac.uk
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Tue, 28 Jan 2003 18:20:45 -0500
> From: Debbie MacKenzie <debimack@auracom.com>
> Subject: Re: question nitrates phosphates
>
> Hello Dianne, coral-list,
>
> At 06:42 PM 25/01/2003 -0400, you wrote:
> >Anita at Noaa suggested a post this for consideration.
> >
> >I live on a small island in the Grenadines in the Caribbean.  We are =
> >seeing long black stringy algae covering reefs and choking it out.  =
> >Hoping the answer was in water testing we bought LaMotte phosphate and =
> >nitrate test kits....our results are not as expected
>
> I'm curious: what did you expect to find (and why?) and what did you
> actually find? Were you expecting to find elevated nutrient levels?
> (This
> is my first guess, since it is routinely thought to be an important
> cause
> of increased algae growth these days.)
>
> I can't help you in the specifics of discussing exactly what is growing
> on
> your reefs, but am interested in your observations.
>
> The increasing dominance of marine algae, especially fine or filamentous
> forms, is a very broad pattern that seems to be occurring in marine
> environments virtually everywhere now. I am not convinced (although many
> are) that this change is basically a reflection of an increasing
> availability of plant nutrients in coastal waters. (Besides increasing
> nutrient availability, declining populations of herbivores are also
> sometimes suspected, and doubtless this plays a role...but it is the
> effect
> of changing nutrient dynamics on the algae that interests me the most.)
>
> The pattern of declining populations of marine invertebrates and their
> replacement by algal growths is also strongly evident in temperate
> zones.
> In my area, Atlantic Canada, we have no shallow water coral reefs but
> there
> has been a marked decline in coastal sessile invertebrates (barnacles,
> mussels...roughly analogous to your corals). Unpolluted areas that were
> once dominated by barnacles and mussels now predominantly support
> seaweed.
> (e.g. see http://www.fisherycrisis.com/barnacles.html )  And within the
> established seaweed communities there is a marked shift away from the
> long-dominant, heavier perennial species toward shorter lived algae with
> much finer structures. The automatic interpretation of this changing
> appearance of seaweed seems to be that this new, elaborate algal growth
> must have resulted from an increasing availability of plant nutrients
> (from
> pollution). To some, it seems cut and dried.
>
> But the signals from the long-established, older, heavier seaweeds as
> they
> decline strongly suggest that these plants are experiencing a lowered,
> rather than an increased, availability of nutrients. Stunted growth,
> lowered levels of pigmentation, lowered resistance to environmental
> stressors such as light, heat and dessication...these patterns are
> visible
> in all of the typical large seaweed groups in my area. And the increased
> growth of filamentous algae is dramatic, indeed it also gives the
> impression that it might be "choking out" the others. (I have a
> collection
> of photos on my website, several galleries are linked from this page:
> http://www.fisherycrisis.com/Galleries/weedgallery.htm  )
>
> I have been puzzled at the quick conclusion that commonly seems to be
> made
> that the increase in filamentous algae has been stimulated by an
> increase
> in nutrient availability. The filamentous growth style, with its
> relatively
> high surface area:volume ratio, gives these organisms a natural
> advantage
> over the thicker-fleshed algae under conditions where nutrient
> availability
> is lowered.
>
> Maybe at some level the interpretive difficulty is related to our
> (subconscious?) comparison of seaweeds to terrestrial plants. It is
> commonly known that applying fertilizer to a vegetable garden results in
> a
> more lush, elaborate growth of plants. So, when we witness an
> increasingly
> elaborate growth of seaweed, is this partly why we assume that it must
> be
> the result of increased fertilization?
>
> But when we view the vegetable garden, we are generally only seeing the
> "tops" of the plants (stalks, leaves, fruits, etc, responsible for
> photosynthesis and energy storage) as the "roots" (oft-filamentous
> tissues
> responsible for uptake of dissolved nutrients) are invisible. In
> terrestrial plants, "tops" and "roots" do not respond to fertilizer in
> the
> same way. Agricultural research has shown that, when well fertilized,
> the
> root:top ratio of plants (for example, corn) declines. Relatively more
> elaborate root development occurs in the fertilizer-poor plot, and roots
> then make up a greater fraction of the total mass of the plant. (And
> this
> type of plasticity is not at all surprising.)
>
> At first glance, seaweeds may well remind us of the "tops" of
> terrestrial
> plants, but what is waving in the water column is in fact analogous to
> both
> the "tops" and the "roots" of the cornfield. Viewed in this light,
> today's
> proliferation of filamentous marine algae (more "root"-like types) and
> decline in heavier in heavier, fleshy species (more "top"-like) should
> raise the suspicion that one fundamental change that is occurring in the
> oceans is a decline in the availability of plant nutrients. (One may
> also
> imagine the corals as being more essentially like "tops" than
> "roots"...)
>
> Dianne, it may seem as if I have strayed rather far from your initial
> question, but the matter of discovering the true relationship between
> trends in fertilizer availability and growth changes in marine algae is
> a
> hugely important one. Thanks for raising it.
>
> Debbie MacKenzie
> http://www.fisherycrisis.com
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ------------------------------
>
> End of coral-list-daily V3 #20
> ******************************
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: carrying capacity
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 12:12:51 -0400
From: kdm@bonairelive.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Following Pedro Alcalado 's recent request for information on
carrying capacity, I wanted to let you know that The Coral Reef
Alliance has a fact sheet covering this topic. It has been written
with Coral Park practitioners in mind and includes a basic overview
of the topic, methods which have been used to determine carrying
capacity, management recommendations and a list of key
references.
It is available on request as a .pdf document (for which you will
need Acrobat Reader) and is a 196KB file. Please contact myself
(kdm@coral.org) or info@coral.org to request a copy.
Kalli De Meyer
************************************
Kalli De Meyer
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
Bonaire Branch Office
Kaya Madrid 3A
Sabana
Bonaire. Dutch Caribbean
************************************
tel: 599-717-3465
email: kdm@coral.org
web site: http:\\www.coral.org
************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Diadema die off - another reference
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 16:41:51 -0500
From: "Jim Bohnsack" <Jim.Bohnsack@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
CC: eshinn@usgs.gov, rbak@nioz.nl, lessiosh <lessiosh@naos.si.edu>,
     szmanta@uncwil.edu, Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
In the various discussions, I did not see the following reference
mentioned concerning the cause of the Caribbean Diadema die off in 1983.
Bauer, J.C. and C.J. Agerter.  1987.  Isolation of bacteria pathogenic
for the sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Bull.
Mar. Sci.  40(1): 161-165.
It provides evidence that an anaerobic bacteria Clostridium was the
responsible agent.  I believe this study was able to satisfy all but one
of Koch's postulates.  The last one can not be tested because no known
specimen that actually died in the kill was preserved by freezing.
Also, I vaguely rember (i.e. I can not verify) someone mentioning that
this kill occurred just after Panama started preventing ships from
releasing ballast water and other discharges in the Panama Canal.
Presumably, cruise ships that held sewage in tanks while crossing the
Isthmus would have plenty of opportunity to build up anoxic conditions
in their tanks and large abundance of Clostridium.  If there is any
merit to this hypothesis, I hope everyone appreciates the irony of having
one regulation designed to prevent environmental damage (i.e. protect
water quality in the Panama Canal) causing great damage elsewhere.
REF:
> Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 10:08:33 -0500
> From: Gene Shinn
> Subject: Dust and other Hypotheses
>
> TimesDear Coral Listers,
>
>      Since there has been so much discussion of the African dust
> hypothesis on the list in recent weeks, I could resist responding no
> longer. First, the experiments proposed by Jim Hendee to test African
> dust effects on corals are similar to ones I have been proposing for at
> least 5 years. Unfortunately, there is little funding to do such work.
> In addition, the USGS does not have in place the dust collectors you
> mention. We sample for microbes using very small samples and collection
> requires only 10-to-15 minutes. We do no routine monitoring but would
> if we could. There is no funding for the large expensive samplers
> needed to provide enough  sample for the experiments Jim proposed.
> Secondly, the major problem with finding the Diadema pathogen is that
> the pathogen that first killed them has not been identified so we do
> not know what to look for. It would be possible, however, to test
> living Diadema against those microbes that have been cultured from dust
> thus far.
>
>      I thank Lessios for answering Alina's question regarding survival
> of West African Diadema. I did not have an answer as elegant as his. I
> could only suggest that Diadema living so close to the source, like the
> humans and the Siderastera sp. that survive there, long ago adapted and
> those that didn't died. Lessios also makes some very valid points
> regarding water transport of the unknown pathogen. We accept that the
> Diadema die-off began near the Panama Canal (Lessios et al., 1984,
> Science, 226:335-337). We also point out that the die-off began in
> winter when African dust impacts the southern Caribbean, South America
> and the Panama region and it was also the dustiest year since Prospero
> began monitoring dust in 1965. The upper Caribbean is impacted later
> during the summer months. Like Lessios, we believe water transport is
> very important. How else would it infect Diadema in aquaria (I assume
> we are talking running seawater aquaria)? Once the Caribbean basin is
> impacted as shown in the NOAA satellite image in our 4-page info sheet
> in our website, water currents likely complete the distribution of any
> pathogens delivered from the air. Areas downcurrent, such as, Belize
> and Florida, were impacted by the disease after Panama. What has
> concerned us, however, is how did the pathogen later move hundreds of
> miles against the Caribbean Current to reach the Lesser Antilles? Dust
> contamination of the Atlantic seaward of the Antilles and then
> transport downcurrent to the Antilles seems a reasonable possibility.
> There is nothing between the Antilles and Africa, and both the wind and
> the currents move toward the Antilles. More recent studies conducted by
> microbiologists at our office show that microbial species in dust can
> change drastically within 30 minutes. Don't expect a dust cloud to
> deliver the same microbes everywhere at the same time.
>
>     My main point is that the dust hypothesis is just that, an
> hypothesis, as are the other proposed causes of Diadema and coral
> death. The ballast-water origin is an unproven hypothesis, as are the
> other "usual suspects" that drive coral research funding. This latter
> point gets back to what Jim pointed out a week earlier regarding the
> emotional "pollution" word. Where is the original basic research
> demonstrating the degree of damage done to corals by the "usual
> suspects," oil spills, sewage, sedimentation, and mosquito spraying, to
> name a few? We seem to have skipped over the basics and then let
> assumptions and emotion guide our research and funding agencies.
>
> Best Wishes, Gene
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Corals for Kiddies?
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 16:43:52 -0500
From: Tracy Grogan <tgrogan@cisco.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
This might be a roundabout way of getting an answer, but maybe you could
contact the administrator of SSI's Scuba Ranger program.  They train kids to
dive at the age of 8 and I suspect that whoever runs that program is
probably
clued into other programs for kids in that age group.
They can be reached at Scuba Ranger Headquarters at 970-221-2813 or email at
sales@ScubaRangers.com.
I'd be interested in learning what you find out.  I believe that by
educating
children we gain our greatest influence on parents...especially in the area
of
consumption of non-sustainable fish. Outreach programs to youngsters are, I
believe, our best hope for long-term behavior changes.
Cheers,
Tracy
At 07:39 PM 1/24/2003 -0500, you wrote:
      Greetings, coralleros (as Judy Lang likes to say),
              I was thinking some of you might be able to help this lady's
request.
      The answer would help me, too, because I don't often get a request
      through our CHAMP page for children this young.
              Thanks!
              Cheers,
              Jim
      -----Original Message-----
      From: Lorraine Beato <ruinraine@aol.com>
      Sent: Saturday, January 18, 2003 7:43 PM
      Subject: CHAMP Comment Form Submission
      I have a 3rd grade daughter who would like to get involved with the
      coral reefs and marine biology.  Are there any kid friendly
      organizations which she can join or volunteer?  We live in Georgia,
but
      do go to Florida quite often.  I would appreciate any suggestions you
      may have.
      Thanks!
      ~~~~~~~
      For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
      digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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Subject: RE: Corals for Kiddies?
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 16:45:54 -0500
From: "paul.sikkel" <paul.sikkel@murraystate.edu>
To: ruinraine@aol.com
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Lorraine --
   Sea Camp in Florida, Catalina Island Marine Institute (CIMI) in Southern
California, and the Virgin Islands Environmental Resource Station (VIERS),
through Clean Islands International on St.John all run programs for kids.
They
do accommodate elementary school kids, but I don't know the specific range
of
ages. There is a marine biologist in your area who also has a young
daughter.
He may be able to provide you with info. on programs in central Georgia. His
name is Dr. Jim Battey and he can be reached at jbattey@uvi.edu. You might
also
contact the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga, not far from the Georgia
border.
  Paul Sikkel
  Dept. of Biology
  Murray State University
  Murray, KY
===== Original Message From coral-list admin <jch@aoml.noaa.gov> =====
>Greetings, coralleros (as Judy Lang likes to say),
>
>       I was thinking some of you might be able to help this lady's
request.
>The answer would help me, too, because I don't often get a request
>through our CHAMP page for children this young.
>
>       Thanks!
>       Cheers,
>       Jim
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: Lorraine Beato <ruinraine@aol.com>
>Sent: Saturday, January 18, 2003 7:43 PM
>Subject: CHAMP Comment Form Submission
>
>I have a 3rd grade daughter who would like to get involved with the
>coral reefs and marine biology.  Are there any kid friendly
>organizations which she can join or volunteer?  We live in Georgia, but
>do go to Florida quite often.  I would appreciate any suggestions you
>may have.
>
>Thanks!
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: PAM workshop in Hawaii
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 19:20:37 -0500
From: John Runcie <runcie@hawaii.edu>
To: ALGAE-L@LISTSERV.HEANET.IE, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Algae and Coral people,
For those of you interested in learning more about using pulse amplitude
modulated (PAM) fluorescence technology -
I am hosting a small workshop at the Hawaii Institute of Marine
Biology's research station at Coconut Island from 28 February to 3
March.  Rolf Gademann, who has designed many of the Walz series of PAM
instruments, will discuss and demonstrate theoretical background and
various applications.  There will be many opportunities for practical
uses of the machines, and we will have a variety of instruments on site.
 Accommodation at the island is available.
Space is very limited, so please contact me by email at the earliest
opportunity if you are interested.
cheers
John
------------------------------------
Dr John Runcie
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
PO Box 1346
Kaneohe, HI 96744
USA
ph (1 808) 236 7477
fax (1 808) 236 7443
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RE: library awards
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 19:22:38 -0500
From: bhatcher <bhatcher@dal.ca>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
G=92day Pete,
I nominate the University of Asmara, Eritrea, especially the
department of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, for the library award.
I have worked with the folks there since 1998, and they are doing a
great job with very little. This library ward would make a great
contribution, because the library is minimal, and they still have only
the most rudimentary internet services. In June last year I took part
in the UoA=92s =93Research for Nation Building=94 Symposium, and was real=
ly
impressed with
The University of Asmara is a full service university (and the ONLY
university) in a nation of 3.5M people that is rebuilding itself
following 30 years of war. The mission of the institution is to
develop Eritrea=92s human capacity for sustainable development of the
nation. It currently has over 5,000 students enrolled in undergraduate
classes. The Department of Marine Science and Fisheries typically
graduates 15 four year (honours) degree students per year. Most of
them find work in the Ministry of Fisheries or the private sector,
while some small proportion go on to do graduate degrees overseas. I
currently have one of the program=92s graduates as a Ph.D. student, and
Nancy Knowlton just took on one as well. These people really make a
large and noticable difference in their country. Several are currently
involved in a GEF project focused on marine biodiversity (Eritreas has
>1200km of the SW Red Sea=92s most pristine marine and coastal
environment). The books would be used not only buy this program and
its students, but also by staff at the Ministry of Fisheries, and
visiting scientists (who are increasing in number since hostilities
ended with the arrival of the UN peace-keeping forces). The UpA
maintains a full service (albeit poorly stocked) library, with
holdings accessible not only to university students, but also to bone
fide external researchers. The books and journals would be well looked
after in a safe, air-conditioned environment, but would also be very
well-used.
It is difficult for me to imagine a more deserving institution to
receive this award.
If you think that they are in the running, please let me know and I
will put you in touch with the head of department and the chief
librarian.
Sincerely,
Bruce
Bruce G. Hatcher, Ph.D.
Environmental Editor, CORAL REEFS
c/o Department of Biology,
1355 Oxford Street, Halifax
Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4J1
Tel: 1 902 494 6530
Fax: 1 902 494 3736
E-mail: bhatcher@dal.ca
        -----Original Message-----
        From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]
        Sent: Monday, January 20, 2003 12:05 PM
        To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
        Subject: library awards
        International Society for Reef Studies
        Library Awards 2003
        The International Society for Reef Studies invites any person
involved with coral reef studies, management and conservation to
nominate an institution for participation in their Library Awards
scheme for 2003.  The scheme is intended to recognize and support
institutions in developing countries for their important contributions
to coral reef studies, conservation and management.
        What will award winners receive?
        Thanks to the generosity of their authors and publishers and a
subsidy by the Society, up to 10 institutions will receive copies of
the following publications:
        =B7     Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef
Symposium, Bali, Indonesia, 2000
        =B7     Corals of the world (3 volumes) By J.E.N. Veron and
Mary Stafford-Smith.
        =B7     Soft Corals and Sea Fans By K. Fabricius and P.
Alderslade. A comprehensive guide to the tropical shallow-      water
genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea
        =B7     Systema Porifera Edited by John Hooper and Rob van
Soest.
        =B7     Dynamics of Coral Communities By Ronald H. Karlson.
        =B7     Perspectives on Coral Reefs By David Barnes (Editor).
        =B7     Three-year subscription to Coral Reefs (2003-5 incl.)
        =B7     Three-year subscription to Reef Encounter (2003-5
incl.)
        Who may nominate an institution for an award?
        =B7     A member of the institute seeking an award=B7
        =B7     Any other person who can provide details
        How to make a nomination
        Nominate an institution in no more than 100 words, describing
a) the mission of the institution and the numbers of people who use it
or are part of it; b) the purpose for which the books would be used;
and c) arrangements that will ensure broad access to the books within
the institution for whom the books are requested.
        Send nominations to:
        ISRS Library Award Committee
        C/- Dr Peter J Mumby
        Corresponding Secretary, International Society for Reef
Studies
        Marine Spatial Ecology Lab
        School of Biological Sciences
        Hatherly Laboratory
        Prince of Wales Road
        University of Exeter
        Exeter
        Devon
        EX4 4PS
        United Kingdom
        tel: + 44 (0)1392 263798
        fax: + 44 (0)1392 263700
        e-mail: p.j.mumby@exeter.ac.uk
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Diadema die off - another reference
Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 19:29:51 -0500
From: "Robert W. Buddemeier" <buddrw@ku.edu>
To: Jim Bohnsack <Jim.Bohnsack@noaa.gov>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov, eshinn@usgs.gov, rbak@nioz.nl,
     lessiosh <lessiosh@naos.si.edu>, szmanta@uncwil.edu,
     Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
Interesting -- African dust doesn't sound like a very good vector for an
anaerobe.
Two other observations on the Dust Discussion --
1.  Paleoclimate -- based on (dust-relevant) African contributions to
Atlantic sediments, the Sahara desertification was complete and its sediment
output quasi-steady-state by 5000 years BP.  (I think the reference is
deMenocal et al. 2000, Quat. Sci. Rev. 19:347-361) If dust were a reliable
vector there should have been plenty of chances for ecosystem inoculation
before the past decade; alternatively, if this (putative dust-borne
infection) were a statistically unique event in the Quaternary, then there
is
probably no way to 'prove' it, but probably also not much reason to worry
about it in the future.
2.  Experimental studies -- I think it would be extremely difficult to
devise
any sort of mesocosm test of the dust hypothesis -- in addition to the issue
of how to test for or rule out statistically rare episodic inputs, there is
the serious experimental design problem inherent in the enormous differences
in surface/volume ratios between aquaria and the real ocean.
If you delivered a realistic oceanic surface dose (g/m2/day) to an aquarium,
the resultant water concentration would be orders of magnitude greater than
in a natural system, and if you tried to generate a realistic oceanic water
column concentration in an aquarium, you would be dealing with an almost
unmanageably small (and therefore probably unrepresentative) input dose.
Further, the high internal (solid) surface to (water) volume ratio of the
aquarium system, combined with low water motion relative to the real ocean,
would confound interpretation of the behavior of particulate contaminants.
Bob Buddemeier
Jim Bohnsack wrote:
> In the various discussions, I did not see the following reference
> mentioned concerning the cause of the Caribbean Diadema die off in 1983.
>
> Bauer, J.C. and C.J. Agerter.  1987.  Isolation of bacteria pathogenic
> for the sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Bull.
> Mar. Sci.  40(1): 161-165.
>
> It provides evidence that an anaerobic bacteria Clostridium was the
> responsible agent.  I believe this study was able to satisfy all but one
> of Koch's postulates.  The last one can not be tested because no known
> specimen that actually died in the kill was preserved by freezing.
>
> Also, I vaguely rember (i.e. I can not verify) someone mentioning that
> this kill occurred just after Panama started preventing ships from
> releasing ballast water and other discharges in the Panama Canal.
> Presumably, cruise ships that held sewage in tanks while crossing the
> Isthmus would have plenty of opportunity to build up anoxic conditions
> in their tanks and large abundance of Clostridium.  If there is any
> merit to this hypothesis, I hope everyone appreciates the irony of having
> one regulation designed to prevent environmental damage (i.e. protect
> water quality in the Panama Canal) causing great damage elsewhere.
>
> REF:
>
> > Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 10:08:33 -0500
> > From: Gene Shinn
> > Subject: Dust and other Hypotheses
> >
> > TimesDear Coral Listers,
> >
> >      Since there has been so much discussion of the African dust
> > hypothesis on the list in recent weeks, I could resist responding no
> > longer. First, the experiments proposed by Jim Hendee to test African
> > dust effects on corals are similar to ones I have been proposing for at
> > least 5 years. Unfortunately, there is little funding to do such work.
> > In addition, the USGS does not have in place the dust collectors you
> > mention. We sample for microbes using very small samples and collection
> > requires only 10-to-15 minutes. We do no routine monitoring but would
> > if we could. There is no funding for the large expensive samplers
> > needed to provide enough  sample for the experiments Jim proposed.
> > Secondly, the major problem with finding the Diadema pathogen is that
> > the pathogen that first killed them has not been identified so we do
> > not know what to look for. It would be possible, however, to test
> > living Diadema against those microbes that have been cultured from dust
> > thus far.
> >
> >      I thank Lessios for answering Alina's question regarding survival
> > of West African Diadema. I did not have an answer as elegant as his. I
> > could only suggest that Diadema living so close to the source, like the
> > humans and the Siderastera sp. that survive there, long ago adapted and
> > those that didn't died. Lessios also makes some very valid points
> > regarding water transport of the unknown pathogen. We accept that the
> > Diadema die-off began near the Panama Canal (Lessios et al., 1984,
> > Science, 226:335-337). We also point out that the die-off began in
> > winter when African dust impacts the southern Caribbean, South America
> > and the Panama region and it was also the dustiest year since Prospero
> > began monitoring dust in 1965. The upper Caribbean is impacted later
> > during the summer months. Like Lessios, we believe water transport is
> > very important. How else would it infect Diadema in aquaria (I assume
> > we are talking running seawater aquaria)? Once the Caribbean basin is
> > impacted as shown in the NOAA satellite image in our 4-page info sheet
> > in our website, water currents likely complete the distribution of any
> > pathogens delivered from the air. Areas downcurrent, such as, Belize
> > and Florida, were impacted by the disease after Panama. What has
> > concerned us, however, is how did the pathogen later move hundreds of
> > miles against the Caribbean Current to reach the Lesser Antilles? Dust
> > contamination of the Atlantic seaward of the Antilles and then
> > transport downcurrent to the Antilles seems a reasonable possibility.
> > There is nothing between the Antilles and Africa, and both the wind and
> > the currents move toward the Antilles. More recent studies conducted by
> > microbiologists at our office show that microbial species in dust can
> > change drastically within 30 minutes. Don't expect a dust cloud to
> > deliver the same microbes everywhere at the same time.
> >
> >     My main point is that the dust hypothesis is just that, an
> > hypothesis, as are the other proposed causes of Diadema and coral
> > death. The ballast-water origin is an unproven hypothesis, as are the
> > other "usual suspects" that drive coral research funding. This latter
> > point gets back to what Jim pointed out a week earlier regarding the
> > emotional "pollution" word. Where is the original basic research
> > demonstrating the degree of damage done to corals by the "usual
> > suspects," oil spills, sewage, sedimentation, and mosquito spraying, to
> > name a few? We seem to have skipped over the basics and then let
> > assumptions and emotion guide our research and funding agencies.
> >
> > Best Wishes, Gene
> >
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Avenue
Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
e-mail: buddrw@ku.edu
ph (1) (785) 864-2112
fax (1) (785) 864-5317
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: coral / reef papers
Date: Fri, 31 Jan 2003 13:54:26 -0500
From: "charles sheppard" <csheppard@bio.warwick.ac.uk>
Organization: Biological Sciences
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Following an earlier 'thread' on pollution definitions:  I list below papers
from the journal Marine Pollution Bulletin since 2000 on corals and
reefs.  There must be about 20 journals which take coral / reef papers.
The majority of tropical marine labs and workers can't or don't
subscribe to most of them, and as some litt. services are not cheap,
and as a distressingly large number find it difficult even to hear about
potentially useful papers, it might be useful if any other editors reading
this could put lists of reef papers from their journals on coral-list too,
perhaps?
Best wishes
Charles Sheppard
AmmarM.S.A., Amin, E.M., Gundacker, D., Mueller, W.E.G. 2000.
    One Rational Strategy for Restoration of Coral Reefs:
    Application of molecular biological parameters to select sites
    for rehabilitation by asexual recruits. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40:
    618-627.
Buchan,K.C. 2000. The Bahamas. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41: 94-111.
Carbone,F., Accordi, G. 2000. The Indian Ocean Coast of
    Somalia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41: 141-159.
Celliers,L., Schleyer, M.H. 2002. Coral bleaching on high latitude
    marginal reefs at Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Mar. Pollut.
    Bull. 44: 1380-1387.
Chiappone,M., White A., Swanson, D.W., Miller, S.L. 2002.
    Occurrence and biological impacts of fishing gear and other
    marine debris in the Florida Keys. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 597-
    604.
Connelly,D.P.,  Readman, J.W., Knap, A.H., Davies, J.  2001.
    Contamination of the coastal waters of Bermuda by
    organotins and the triazine herbicide Irgarol 1051. Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 42: 409-414.
Cox,E.F., Ward, S. 2002. Impact of elevated ammonium on
    reproduction in two Hawaiian scleractinian corals with
    different life history patterns. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 1230-
    1235.
David,C.P.  2003. Heavy metal concentrations in growth bands of
    corals: A record of mine tailings input through time
    (Marinduque Island, Phillippines). 46: Mar. Pollut. Bull.  In
    press.
Donohue,M.J. 2003. How Multiagency Partnerships Can
    Successfully Address Large-Scale Pollution Problems: A
    Hawaii Case Study. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46: In press.
Donohue,M.J., Boland, R.C., Sramek, C.M., Antonelis, G.A.
    2001. Derelict fishing gear in the Northwestern Hawaiian
    Islands: Diving surveys and debris removal in 1999 confirm
    threat to coral reef ecosystems.  Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 1301-
    1312.
Edinger,E.N., Limmon, G.V., Jompa, J., Widjatmoko, W.,
    Heikoop, J.M., Risa, M.J. 2000. Normal Coral Growth Rates
    on Dying Reefs: Are coral growth rates good indicators of
    coral reef health? Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 404-425.
Edwards,A.J., Clark, S., Zahir, H., Rajasuriya, A., Naseer, A.,
    Rubens, J. 2001.  Coral Bleaching and Mortality on Artificial
    and Natural Reefs in Maldives in 1998, Sea Surface
    Temperature Anomalies and Intitial Recovery. Mar. Pollut.
    Bull. 42: 7-15.
Epstein,N., Bak, R.P.M., Rinkevich, B. 2000.  Toxicity of 3rd
    Generation Dispersants and Dispersed Egyptian Crude Oil
    on Red Sea Coral Larvae. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 497-503.
Esslemont,G., Harriott, V.J., McConchie, D.M. 2000. Variability of
    Trace-Metal Concentrations Within and Between Colonies of
    Pocillopora damicornis.  Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 637-642.
Gilbert,A.L., Guzman, H.M. 2001 Bioindication Potential of
    Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Anemones and Corals. Mar.
    Pollut. Bull.  42: 742-744.
Guzman,H.M, Garcia, E.M. 2002. Mercury levels in coral reefs
    along the Caribbean coast of Central America. Mar. Pollut.
    Bull. 44: 1415-1420.
Harborne,A.R., Afzal, D.C., Andrews, M.J. 2001. Honduras:
    Caribbean Coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 1221-1235.
Haynes,D. 2000. Sources, Fates and Consequences of Pollutants
    in the Great Barrier Reef. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41: 265-266.
Haynes,D., Christie, C., Marshall, P., Dobbs, K. 2002. Antifoulant
    concentrations at the site of the Bunga Teratai Satu
    grounding, Great Barrier Reef Australia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44:
    968-972.
Haynes,D., Johnson, J.E. 2000. Organochlorine, Heavy Metal and
    Polyaromatic Hyrdocarbon Pollutant Concentrations in the
    Great Barrier Reef (Australia) Environment: A Review. Mar.
    Pollut. Bull.  41: 267-278.
Haynes,D., Michalek-Wagner, K. 2000. Water Quality in the Great
    Barrier Reef World Heritage Area:  Past Perspectives,
    Current Issues and New Research Directions. Mar. Pollut.
    Bull. 41: 428-434.
Heikoop,J.M., Risk, M.J., Lazier, A.V., Edinger, E.N., Jompa, J.,
    Limmon, G.V., Dunn, J.J., Browne, D.R., Schwarcz, H.P.
    2000. Nitrogen-15 signals of anthropogenic nutrient loading
    in reef corals. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 628-636.
Hoffman,T.C. 2002. Coral Reef Health and Effects of Socio-
    Economic Factors in Fiji and Cook Islands. Mar. Pollut. Bull.
    44: 1281-1293.
Holmes,K.E., Edinger, E.N., Limmon, G.V., Risk, M.J. 2000.
    Bioerosion of massive corals and coral rubble on Indonesian
    coral reefs. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 606-617.
Hutchings,P.  2001. The ENCORE Experiment. Mar. Pollut. Bull.
    42: 81-82.
Jameson,S.C., Tupper, M.H., Riddley, J.M. 2002. The 3 Screen
    Doors: Can Marine Protected Areas Be Effective? Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 44: 1177-1183
Johnson,A.K.L., Ebert, S.P. 2000. Quantifying inputs of pesticides
    to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park  A case study in the
    Herbert River catchment of north-east Queensland.  Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 41: 302-309.
Koop,K., Booth, D., Broadbent, A., Brodie, J., Bucher, D., Capone,
    D., Coll, , J., Dennison, W., Erdmann, M., Harrison, P.,
    Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Hutchings, P., Jones, G.B., Larkum,
    A.W.D., ONeil, J., Steven, A., Tentori, E., Ward, S.,
    Williamson, J., Yellowlees, D.  2001. ENCORE: The Effect of
    Nutrient Enrichment on Coral Reefs.  Synthesis of Results
    and Conclusions. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 91-120.
Koop,K., Steven, A., McGill, R., Drew, E.D.,  McDonald, B. 2001.
    Use of a Telemetered Dispensing System for Controlling
    Nutrient Additions to Experimental Patch Reefs in the
    ENCORE Study at One Tree Island, Great Barrier Reef,
    Australia.  Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 121-126.
Lam,K.K.Y. 2003. Coral recruitment onto an experimental
    pulverised fuel ash-concrete artificial reef. Mar. Pollut. Bull.
    46: In press.
Leao,Z.M.A.N., Dominguez, J.M.L. 2000. Tropical Coast of Brazil.
    Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41: 112-122.
Lindahl,U., Ohman, M.C., Schelten, C.K. 2001. The 1997/1998
    mass mortality of corals: effects on fish communities on a
    Tanzanian coral reef.  Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 127-131
Lipp,E.K., Jarrell, J.L., Griffin, D.W., Lukasik, J., Jacukiewicz, J.,
    Rose, J.B. 2002. Preliminary evidence for human fecal
    contamination in corals of the Florida Keys, U.S.A. Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 44: 666-670.
McClanahan,T.R. 2000. Bleaching Damage and Recovery
    Potential of Maldivian Coral Reefs. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 587-
    597.
McClanahan,T.R., Cokos, B.A., Sala, E. 2002. Algal growth and
    species composition under experimental control of herbivory,
    phosphorous and coral abundance in glovers reef, Belize.
    Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 441-451
Medina-Elizalde,M., Gold-Bouchot, G., Ceja-Moreno, V. 2002.
    Lead contamination in the Mexican Caribbean recorded by
    the coral Montastraea annularis (Ellis and Solander). Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 44: 421-423.
Miao,X.S., Woodward, L.A., Swenson, C., Li, Q.X., 2001
    Comparative concentrations of metals in marine species
    from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean. Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 42: 1049-1054.
Mills,A.P. 2001. St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Mar. Pollut. Bull.
    42: 1208-1220.
Morrison,R.J., Narayan, S.P., Gangaiya, P. 2001. Trace Element
    Studies in Laucala Bay, Suva, Fiji. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 397-
    404.
Morton,B. 2002. Dong-Sha Atoll, South China Sea: Ground Zero.
    Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 835-837.
Morton,B., Blackmore, G. 2001. South China Sea. Mar. Pollut.
    Bull. 42: 1236-1263.
Negri,A.P., Heyward, A.J. 2000. Inhibition of fertilisation and larval
    metamorphosis of the coral Acropora millepora
    (Ehrenberg,1834) by petroleum products. Mar. Pollut. Bull.
    41: 420-427.
Negri,A.P., Smith, L.D., Webster, N.S., Heyward, A.J.   2002.
    Understanding ship-grounding impacts on a coral reef:
    Potential effects of antifoulant paint contamination on coral
    recruitment. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 111-117.
Nugues,M.M., Roberts, C.M. 2003. Partial mortality in massive
    reef corals as an indicator of sediment stress on coral reefs.
    Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46: In press.
Obura,D.O. 2001. Kenya. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 1264-1278.
Owen,R., Knap, A., Toaspern, M., Carbery, K.  2002. Inhibition of
    Coral Photosynthesis by the Antifouling Herbicide Irgarol
    1051. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 623-632.
Reichelt-Brushett,A.J., Harrison, P.L. 2000. The effect of copper
    on the settlement success of larvae from the scleractinian
    coral Acropora tenuis. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41: 385-391.
Roberts,J.M., Long, D., Wilson, J.B., Mortensen, P.B., Gage, J.D.
    2003. The cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa (Scleractinia)
    and enigmatic seabed mounds along the north-east Atlantic
    margin: are they related? Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46: In press.
Sheppard,C. 2001. The Main Issues Affecting Coasts of the Indian
    and Western Pacific Oceans: A Meta-Analysis from Seas at
    the Millennium. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 42: 1199-1207.
Sheppard,C., Rayner, N.A. 2002. Utility of the Hadley Centre sea
    ice and sea surface temperature data set (HadISST1) in two
    widely contrasting coral reef areas. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 303-
    308.
Sheppard,C.R.C. 2002 The Florida Reef Tract and the One third
    rule. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 44: 997-978.
Spalding,M.D.,  Jarvis, J.E.   2002. The impact of the 1998 coral
    mortality on reef fish communities in the Seychelles.  Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 44: 309-321
Spencer,T., Teleki, K.A., Bradshaw, C., Spalding, M.D. 2000.
    Coral bleaching in the Southern Seychelles during the 1997-
    8 Indian Ocean warm event.  Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 569-586.
Thia-Eng,C., Gorre, I.R.L., Adrian Ross, S., Bernad, S.R.,
    Gervacio, B., Corazon Ebarvia, M. 2000. The Malacca
    Straits. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41: 160-178.
White,A.T., Vogt, H.P. 2000.  Philippine coral reefs under threat:
    Lessons learned after 25 years of  community based reef
    conservation. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 40: 537-550.
White,A.T., Vogt, H.P., Arin, T. 2000. Philippine Coral Reefs under
    threat: the economic losses caused by reef destruction. Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 40: 598-605.
Yamamuro,M., Kayanne, H., Yamano, H. 2003.  d15N of Seagrass
    Leaves for Monitoring Anthropogenic Nutrient Increases in
    Coral Reef Ecosystems. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 46: In press.
Yap,H.T.   2001. Another look at coral reef degradation. Mar.
    Pollut. Bull. 42: 527.
Best wishes
Charles Sheppard
Dept Biological Sciences
University of Warwick
Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
fax: (+44)(0) 24 7652 4619
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Bulk Coral Calcium from Okinawa
Date: Sat, 1 Feb 2003 20:56:31 -0500
From: Jon Bonanno <jonb@intercom.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Doctors,
After reviewing your very interesting and thoughtful PDF thread of
e-mails (finished Sept. 7th, 2001), in regards to the Coral bleaching
and general degradation of reefs, it seemed appropriate to ask the
experts this question.  Is there a company (or companies) in Okinawa,
Japan that is pursuing ecologically friendly mining of high quality
coral calcium sand, which is fit for human consumption?
Understand that this question could be offensive to some of you, as
mining a reef is the last thing that we want to see.  This is actually
the basis of my question, I would prefer to purchase and support
companies that follow strong ecological preservation guidelines.  Please
assist me in finding the right source in Japan to get the products that
I am searching for (bulk high quality coral calcium sand - fit for human
consumption).
Thank you all in advance.
Very Highest Regards,
Jon Bonanno
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Coral damage and mucus secretion
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 2003 07:09:45 -0500
From: "Grubba, Tim" <timg@calm.wa.gov.au>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear coral-listers,
                I am trying to track down information on the secretion
of mucus by corals (Acropora) which have suffered physical damage (e.g.
damage caused by boat groundings). Specifically I am after information
on the timing of mucus secretion - how soon after damage occurs does
mucus secretion occur and for how long is mucus secreted.
Cheers
Tim Grubba
Marine Ecologist
Marine Conservation Branch
Department of Conservation and Land Management
47 Henry St., Fremantle, WA, 6160.
Ph  08 9336 0118
Fax 08 9430 5408
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: G. cinereus growth rate
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 09:59:09 -0500
From: Ben Halpern <halpern@lifesci.ucsb.edu>
To: coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov
I am trying to find an estimate of daily growth rate for the yellowfin
mojarra (Gerres cinereus).  Does anyone have an approximate value for
their daily rate, or the rate for any other congeneric?
Thanks,
Ben
--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: REEF Marine Conservation Internship
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 10:00:09 -0500
From: Christy Pattengill-Semmens <christy@reef.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Please pass the following on to colleagues and students:
The deadline for the summer semester of the Reef Environmental Education
Foundation (REEF)'s Marine Conservation Internship program is fast
approaching!
Please encourage enthusiastic college students or recent graduates with
SCUBA
experience and a career interest in marine conservation to apply for this
unique opportunity. The internship provides housing and a stipend and is
located in Key Largo, FL.  A full description and application procedures are
available at:www.reef.org/intern. Please contact Leda Cunningham at
Leda@reef.org for more information.
--
Christy Pattengill-Semmens, Ph.D.
Scientific Coordinator
Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF)
www.reef.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Coral symbionts
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 10:00:10 -0500
From: "Ivan Marin" <coralliodecapoda@mail.ru>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Coral-lers,
    Our laboratory has been studing simbiotic relationships between
different
sea invertebrates. Personally, I am studing coral-associated crustaceans as
one
of the component of coral reef community. Generally, we are interested in
all
animals and their complex associated with scleractinian coral colonies.
   Since 2001 members of our laboratory has been working in South Vietnam
waters investigating coral reef community and all influinced factors. As one
knows, corals in Vietnam are hardly exploited by fishing, pollution and
others,
that why this region is very interesting to study effect of exploitation. My
supervisor, T.A. Brytaev, and I try to investigate the changes in coral
associated communities as factors and indexes of coral community pollution.
   Here, we are looking for scientist or societies, who are interested in
cooperation in this topic. We are interested in any contacts with scientists
who make same investigations in other regoins.
    And yet one. Could you help me to find organizations, societies or funds
(their Internet pages), which are supporting and funding different joint
projects, scientific projects on studing coral associated communities and
grants for PhD student to make joint coral reef condition investigations in
Indo-West Pacific.
    Thank You very much.
Sincerely yours
Ph.D. student, Ivan N. Marin
Laboratory of Evolutional Morphology of Marine Invertebrates
(T.Brytaev Laboratory)
A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (RAS)
Leninsky pr. 33
117071 Moscow
Russia
Fax: 095 954 5534
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Manual: Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 10:02:11 -0500
From: scrfa <scrfa@hkucc.hku.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear All,
The Society for the Conservation of Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations is
pleased to announce completion of a "Methods Manual" for spawning
aggregation-related work.
The Manual may be found at www.scrfa.org under 'Education and
Information' and is intended to be a reference, incorporating lots of field
examples, for work on aggregations.  It includes methods applicable to
research ranging from biological studies and monitoring fish numbers (by
both
fishery dependent and fishery independent means) to techniques for mapping
of
aggregation sites, and conservation issues, amongst others.
Apologies for the cross-posting,
Andy Cornish
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Pollution
Date: Wed, 5 Feb 2003 10:02:11 -0500
From: CSalt5@aol.com
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Mr. Sheppard:
     About a month ago I responded to a request from Jim Hendee for comments
on setting priorities for the Coral Reef Task Force to focus on.  Topping
the
proposed list was "land based pollution."  I stated that material dredged
from offshore for beach restoration was not land based, but should be high
on
the list because it is one of the leading causes of direct coral
destruction.
 You will not find documentation of this in scientific journals.  The
acreage
estimates are scattered in Corps of Engineers EISs dating back to the 1960s.
Ken Lindeman of Environmental Defense attempted to compile a list of
projects
and add up impacts on coral reefs but, due to poor preproject documentation
and an absence of follow up studies, found it impossible to arrive at a
precise total.  The currently proposed Broward County project would bury, by
first estimate, 55 acres of nearshore coral community.  Following a public
outcry and as frequently happens, this estimate was mysteriously reduced to
35 acres; thirty-five acres for one project which would move 3.5 million
cubic yards of sand.  In Dr. Lindeman's Dissertation he found that 47.225
million cy have been dredged and deposited since 1960 in Dade, Broward, and
Palm Beach counties.  It stands to reason that a minimum of 100 acres of
reef
has been buried by beach fill.  Additional aceage has been destroyed by
dredges offshore and degraded by settling of suspended sediment.
                                       Truly yours,
                                       Chuck Sultzman
--part1_119.1e93a9c9.2b704f69_boundary
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=3D"Verdana" LANG=3D"0">Dear Mr. Sheppard:<BR>
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to=20=
focus on.&nbsp; Topping the proposed list was "land based
pollution."&nbsp;=20=
I stated that material dredged from offshore for beach restoration was not
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and based, but should be high on the list because it is one of the leading
c=
auses of direct coral destruction.&nbsp; You will not find documentation
of=20=
this in scientific journals.&nbsp; The acreage estimates are scattered in
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rps of Engineers EISs dating back to the 1960s.&nbsp; Ken Lindeman of
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nmental Defense attempted to compile a list of projects and add up impacts
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n coral reefs but, due to poor preproject documentation and an absence of
fo=
llow up studies, found it impossible to arrive at a precise total.&nbsp;
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 currently proposed Broward County project would bury, by first estimate,
55=
 acres of nearshore coral community.&nbsp; Following a public outcry and
as=20=
frequently happens, this estimate was mysteriously reduced to 35 acres;
thir=
ty-five acres for one project which would move 3.5 million cubic yards of
sa=
nd.&nbsp; In Dr. Lindeman's Dissertation he found that 47.225 million cy
hav=
e been dredged and deposited since 1960 in Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach
cou=
nties.&nbsp; It stands to reason that a <I>minimum</I> of 100 acres of
reef=20=
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&nbsp; <BR>
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 Truly yours,<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
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 Chuck Sultzman<BR>
</FONT></HTML>
--part1_119.1e93a9c9.2b704f69_boundary--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: AMLC Meeting Announcement
Date: Thu, 6 Feb 2003 11:07:02 -0500
From: Laurie Richardson <richardl@fiu.edu>
To: coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> MEETING ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS
>
> 31st Scientific Meeting of the
> ASSOCIATION OF MARINE LABORATORIES OF THE CARIBBEAN
> Crowne Plaza Hotel
> Port of Spain, Trinidad
>
> July 14-18, 2003
>
> We are pleased to announce our upcoming scientific meeting of the
> Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean.  The meeting
> will be centered around scientific presentations and will include a
> field trip to enjoy our locale, which this year is the island of
> Trinidad.    As in the past, presenters may submit papers of their
> presentations for potential publication in the peer-reviewed journal
> proceedings of the meeting.  Presentations will include poster- as
> well as verbal presentations.  In keeping with the AMLC purpose of
> promoting the exchange of scientific and technical information
> concerning Caribbean marine sciences, the themes of this scientific
> meeting will be:
>
>  Ornamental Marine Organisms and Fisheries
>  Diseases of Coral Reef Organisms
>  Remote Sensing and GIS in the Wider Caribbean
>  Caribbean Oceanography and Coastal Processes
>  Pollution and Anthropogenic Issues
>  Public Awareness and Education
>  Biodiversity, MPAs, and Conservation
>  Fisheries and Aquaculture
>  General Caribbean Marine Sciences
>
> Other topics will be considered subject to session time limitations.
> Abstracts must be received by May 1, 2003, and may be in English or
> Spanish.  Abstracts must be submitted in the form described in the
> Abstract Format instructions at the end of this message.  Upon receipt
> of your
> abstract, a brief description of the associated peer-reviewed paper
> guidelines for authors and submission requirements will be sent to
> you, along with confirmation of receipt of your abstract.  It will be
> helpful if you assure that your e-mail address is clearly provided
> when you submit your abstract.
>
> If using postal service to submit your abstract, include a hard copy
> and an electronic copy on diskette.  If using e-mail, attach your
> abstract to your message - do not incorporate your abstract in the
> body of your message - attach the Word file.  Submit your abstract(s)
> to:
>
>         Dr. Laurie Richardson
>         Biology Department
>         Florida International University
>         Miami, FL 33199 USA
>         E-mail: Laurie.Richardson@fiu.edu
>
> REGISTRATION
>
> A Registration Form accompanies this Meeting Announcement.  Please
> note that substantial cost saving may be realized by early (before
> May 1, 2003) registration.  A second way to save for non-members of
> AMLC is to join the association by completing the attached Membership
> Form and adding membership fees to the amount remitted for
> registration.
>
> The registration fee covers the initial reception, all meeting rooms,
> two coffee breaks per day, a book of abstracts, the program, the
> published meeting proceedings, and a souvenir T-shirt.  Tickets to
> the closing banquet and local field trips will be sold for nominal
> prices at the registration desk when you arrive.
>
> ACCOMODATIONS
>
> The venue hotel will be the Crowne Plaza in Port of Spain, Trinidad.
> Our special AMLC room rates are U.S. $82.00 for single occupancy, and
> U.S. 90.00 for double occupancy.  These rates include taxes and a
> buffet breakfast, and they assume that we rent a minimum number of
> rooms, so we encourage all attendees to stay at the venue hotel.  We
> suggest you make early reservations to assure your getting these
> great special rates.  You will need a credit card to confirm your
> reservation.  To make your hotel reservations, contact:
>
>         Mr. Jerome Dinzey
>         Sales Manager
>         Crowne Plaza Trinidad
>         Wrightson Road
>         Port of Spain, Trinidad
>         Tel: 1-868-625-3366
>         Fax: 1-868-625-4166
>         E-mail: eoffice@crowneplaza.co.tt
>
> TRAVEL
>
> You may need a visa for travel to Trinidad, so we suggest you check
> with your travel agent and secure this visa early.
>
> Because shuttle service is not provided by the hotel, we suggest
> using a taxi.  The cost of a taxi from the airport to Port of Spain
> is U.S. $20 before 10:00 p.m., and U.S. $30 after 10:00 p.m.
>
> WE WILL SEE YOU ALL IN TRINIDAD!
>
>   31st SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF
> MARINE LABORATORIES OF THE CARIBBEAN
> TRINIDAD, JULY 14-18, 2003
>
> Name
> ____
> __________________________________________________________________________
>
> Position        :
> _________________
> _____________________________________________________________
> Organization:
> _____________
> ______________________________________________________________
> Address:
> ________
> _______________________________________________________________________
>
>
________________________________________________________________________________
>
> City: __________________________________
> State:______________________  Postal Code: ____________
> Country: ____________________  Tel: ___________________  E-mail:
> _______________________________
> Accompanying person (s)
> ____________________________________________________________________
>
> Mark (X) your registration status:     Early registration
> Late registration
>                                           Before May 1, 2003
>                    After May 1, 2003
> Current Members of AMLC
>                 Full            ($ 250.00)      ________
>         ($ 290.00)   _______
>                 Student ($ 100.00)      ________                ($
> 130.00)   _______
> Non-Members of AMLC
>                 Full            ($ 300.00)      ________
>         ($ 340.00)   _______
>                 Student ($ 130.00)      ________                ($
> 160.00)   _______
> Accompanying person     ($ 100.00)      ________                ($
> 130.00)   _______
> AMLC Membership Fee                     ________
>                 _______
> Non-members may join now and pay Members Fees; see the attached
> Membership Form.
> Total included with this registration           $ _______________
>
> ALL PAYMENTS MUST BE MADE BY BANK DRAFT PAYABLE TO THE
> "INSTITUTE OF MARINE AFFAIRS."
> Please send completed registration form with your payment to:
> If by postal mail:                                              If by
> courier (e.g. Federal Express):
> Denise Williams-Dummett, Executive Assistant            Denise
> Williams-Dummett, Executive Assistant
> Institute of Marine Affairs
>         Institute of Marine Affairs
> P.O. Box 3160, Carenage Post Office                     Hilltop Lane
> Trinidad & Tobago, West Indies                          Chaguaramas,
> Trinidad, West Indies
> For information and inquiries, you may contact Ms. Williams-Dummett
> at:
> Tel: 1-868-634-4291/4 or by E-mail at: director@ima.gov.tt
>
>         NEW MEMBERSHIP REGISTRATION INFORMATION
>
>         TO BE USED WITH REGISTRATION FOR THE 2003 SCIENCE MEETING IN
> TRINIDAD
>
> Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean
>
> Thank you for your interest in joining the AMLC. Our membership
> categories and fees are as follows:
>
> _Student ($5.00)                         _ Regular($25.00)        _
> Sponsor ($30.00)
> _ Sustaining ($50.00)                   _ Patron ($100.00)
>
> Please indicate (above) at which level you are joining, and add that
> amount to your registration payment for the Trinidad meeting (July,
> 2003).
>
> Next, please fill out the following information and mail the
> completed form with your meeting registration materials.
>
> Name and Address Information:
>
> Name:
> ______________________________________________________________________
>
> Address:
> ____________________________________________________________________
>
>
> ____________________________________________________________________
>
> Scientific interests:
> ____________________________________________________________
>
> Telephone: ____________________________       Fax:
> ______________________________
>
> E-mail:___________________________________________
>
ABSTRACT GUIDELINES
>
> THANK YOU FOR YOUR SUPPORT OF AMLC!
> 31st SCIENTIFIC MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF
> MARINE LABORATORIES OF THE CARIBBEAN
> TRINIDAD, JULY 14-18, 2003
>
>  Deadline for submitting the abstract is May 1, 2003.
> The abstract should be in the following IBM or compatible format:
> Word processor: MS Word 6- or higher. Font: Times-Roman (size 11) -
> Margins: 1.0" all sides. Title - All in capital letters; font size
> 11. Title should be short (2 lines maximum) and include Order and
> Family of organisms when needed. Scientific names should be in
> italics. In the next line, name (s) of author (s) with presenter
> underlined, a complete, but short, address for the senior author and
> his/her e-mail. Text: Leave one line, and then write the 300 word
> (maximum), single paragraph text (single space between lines) of the
> abstract, leave one line and write four keywords for the abstract,
> the session you want to give your presentation, and if it will be an
> oral presentation or a poster. Please, let us know if you would like
> to co-chair a session.
>
> Example:
>
> ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A NOVEL STRATEGY OF ASEXUAL
> REPRODUCTION IN CARIBBEAN MASSIVE CORALS.
> E.Weil*, A.L. Ortiz, H. Ruiz & M. Schrer.
> *Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico. P.O. BOX
> 908, Lajas, PR 00667, USA. eweil@caribe.net
>
> Corals can reproduce asexually by at least five described strategies.
> Only fragmentation and asexual larvae have been reported for the
> Caribbean. A novel strategy of asexual reproduction was observed in
> massive colonies of the genera Diploria and Dendrogyra in the
> Caribbean. These species produce asexual buds which develop as
> soft-tissue outgrowths on the ridges, and deposit a well organized
> skeleton which is not connected to the parent colony. We have termed
> these propagules gemma (pl. gemmae). Gemmae may stay attached until
> they get large and heavy and/or surge conditions are strong.
> Detached, surviving gemmae form "rolling stones" or re-attach to the
> substrate. Some ecological characteristics were assessed by band
> transects, counts of number of gemmae per colony, depth distribution,
> etc., in several coral reef areas across the wider Caribbean. Results
> indicate that: (1) gemmae are widely distributed from Bermuda to
> Venezuela, and were restricted to shallow areas (< 5 m); (2) in
> Puerto Rico, D. clivosa had a higher abundance of colonies with
> gemmae (25.5 %) compared to D. strigosa (11.7 %) and D.
> labyrinthiformis (8.7 %); (3) D. strigosa and D. clivosa had
> significantly higher average number of gemmae per colony (14.9 and
> 6.8 respectively) than D. labyrinthiformis (1.2); (4) the number and
> size of gemmae was not related to parent colony size; (5) average
> size of gemmae was similar between the three species in Puerto Rico,
> and significantly larger in D. strigosa (5.49 mm) compared to
> Venezuela (3.62 mm). Maximum size was found in D. clivosa (26 mm).
> This strategy could have evolved as a response to the environmental
> instability of shallow reef habitats, and may explain the dominance
> of Diploria in these habitats. Further research on the genetic
> composition of populations of Diplorias in shallow reef habitats, and
> the ecological consequences of this strategy is needed.
>
> Keywords:. Massive scleractinian corals, asexual reproduction,
> gemmae, Caribbean.
> Session: General Caribbean Marine Sciences
>
> Oral Presentation __________
>         Poster Presentation _________
>
> Chair or co-chair this session ____________
> Other session ______    specify which session
> ________________________________________
>
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Stronger Protections Sought for South Atlantic Groupers
Date: Thu, 6 Feb 2003 12:24:12 -0500
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, fish-sci@segate.sunet.se,
     gcfinet@listserv.tamu.edu, marbio@mote.org, marinelife@onenw.org,
     cons-wpst-coralreef-forum@lists.sierraclub.org
R e e f D i s p a t c h
***********************
February 7, 2003
      Stronger Protections Sought for South Atlantic Groupers
-------------------------------------------------------------------
conservation group makes headway towards grouper management reforms
Miami, Florida  Comprehensive management reform for South Atlantic
grouper stocks is being called for by the coral reef conservation
organization ReefKeeper International in response to information
indicating that most grouper stocks are at risk of collapse.  The public
interest group has requested that an integrated multi-point management
program be adopted by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council and
National Marine Fisheries Service to protect groupers from further
depletion. To generate public support for the measures, the conservation
group is hosting a Save America's Groupers internet petition campaign at
http://www.reefguardian.org.
The unified management approach would include new reduced fishing quotas
for all grouper species based on available population data for
designated indicator stocks, partial spawning season fishing closures,
and implementation of rebuilding plans that include no-take zones for
all officially designated overfished grouper species. Because the
proposed management measures are interdependent and each serves a unique
purpose, they must all be implemented if we're going to protect groupers
and the fisheries that depend on them, stated ReefKeeper Director
Alexander Stone.  Action on the ReefKeeper requests is under
consideration by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council, but
their acceptance is uncertain.
The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council is currently working on a
broad revision of federal grouper fishing regulations. Available
scientific data would indicate that increased protection is overdue.  A
November 2000 study by the American Fisheries Society identified 10 of
the 18 South Atlantic grouper species as being vulnerable to
extinction.  Similarly, the Council's own information indicates that 11
managed grouper stocks are presently overfished. "Precautionary fishery
management measures and stock rebuilding plans must be put in place now,
before it is too late," said Stone.
The 18 grouper species managed in the South Atlantic are naturally
divided by where they are found into a shallow-water grouper complex and
a deep-water grouper complex. Each complex consists of many grouper
species mixed together throughout the ocean bottom. These two so-called
mixed fishery complexes have made traditional techniques of managing
stocks on an individual species basis unworkable when applied to
groupers.  Since multiple species are mingled together in the same
fishing areas and depths, they are all caught together by the same
fishing gear at the same time.
As a result of this phenomenon, ReefKeeper contends that any catch
restrictions placed on a single species are ineffective because fishers
have no way to avoid catching the restricted species while pursuing
other species in the same grouper complex. To compensate for the mixed
fishery effect on individual grouper species, were asking that
management measures be applied collectively to all shallow-water
groupers as one multi-species complex, and to all deep-water groupers as
another, commented ReefKeeper Director Stone.
Compounding management problems is the fact that, due to limited data
and staff resources, the South Atlantic Council cannot actually
determine the current population condition of many grouper stocks.
According to ReefKeeper, the solution is to designate an "indicator
species" of known population status for each of the 2 grouper
complexes.  "Fishing quotas and management decisions for each of the 2
complexes could then be based on the known population condition of the
indicator species in each of the 2 complexes," Stone explained.
In fact, it appears that the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council
may be in at least partial agreement with ReefKeepers reasoning.
Recently the Council began to consider using the known population
condition of Snowy Grouper as the basis for setting fishing quotas and
making management decisions for the deep-water grouper complex.   But
the Council has yet to make any move towards selection of an indicator
species for the shallow-water grouper complex.
Groupers are seasonal spawners that -- true to their name -- tend to
congregate in large groups during spawning season.  Shallow-water
groupers do this generally in the Spring, while deep-water groupers do
it in the Fall.  There is widespread concern that fishing for spawning
groupers is decreasing their reproductive success year by year. The
result is further declines each year in already depressed grouper
populations.
ReefKeeper is asking the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council to
give each grouper species a chance for undisturbed spawning. To do this,
the conservation group is advocating establishment of a Spring two-month
fishing closure for the shallow-water grouper complex and a Fall closure
of the same duration for the deep-water grouper complex. "Staggering the
spawning season closures this way would still allow a year-round flow of
local grouper to fish markets and restaurants while gradually rebuilding
grouper populations as more and more of them live to spawn before being
caught," the ReefKeeper spokesman emphasized.
Several of the conservation groups requested management measures have
already been included as potential options in the current draft of the
revised regulations.  These include implementation of science-based
overfishing limits, partial spawning season fishing closures, and the
setting of rebuilding plans for badly overfished Nassau and Goliath
grouper stocks.  However, the regulation's present draft still lack
several management measures considered essential by ReefKeeper. The
conservation group is continuing to advocate for inclusion in the draft
regulation of management of grouper stocks on a complex-wide basis, and
the adoption of rebuilding plans that include the use of no-take zones
for all overfished grouper stocks in the South Atlantic.
The public interest organization remains hopeful.  With continued
public support, we feel confident the Council will do the right thing
and adopt each of these measures which are fundamental to the recovery
of South Atlantic groupers from their present depleted condition, added
Stone.
The ReefKeeper grouper management requests are being considered for
adoption under Amendment 13 to the South Atlantic Snapper Grouper
Fishery Management Plan.  To generate public support for the requests,
ReefKeeper is seeking sign-ons to a Save America's Groupers petition at
http://www.reefguardian.org/Campaigns/SaveOurReefFishGRP/PetitionGRP.html.
"America's groupers need greater protection now, before they are all
driven to the brink of extinction," ReefKeeper Director Alexander Stone
concluded.
                            #      #      #
Contacts:
ReefKeeper International / Alexander Stone, Director / (305) 358-4600 or
a_stone@reefkeeper.org
South Atlantic Fishery Mgmt Council / Greg Waugh, Assistant Executive
Director / (843) 571-4366 or gregg.waugh@safmc.net
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: AMLC Meeting announcment format
Date: Thu, 6 Feb 2003 13:03:39 -0500
From: Laurie Richardson <richardl@fiu.edu>
To: coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Colleagues - I formated the AMLC meeting announcement sent out
earlier in Netscape, and the margins got scrambled in the posting.  If
you are thinking of attending this meeting and want a better information
package please reply to this and I'll send it as a word attachment.
Thanks and sorry for any inconvenience.
Laurie Richardson, AMLC Membership Director
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Diadema die off/African dust
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 06:51:25 -0500
From: Chris Kellogg <ckellogg@usgs.gov>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Weighing in with my 2 cents on Clostridium (as a microbiologist)--
Clostridium sp., like Bacillus sp., form endospores.  Generally, the
vegetative cells are rapidly killed by exposure to air, but the spores are
not.  Both Clostridium and Bacillus sp. are normal soil inhabitants (caveat:
C. perfringens is regarded as an indicator of sewage contamination.  Note
that this 'contamination' and indicator may come from any mammal, not just
humans).  Point being, there is no reason one could not find Clostridium in
African dust.
That said, my experiments culturing bacteria from African dust air samples
taken in Mali, Africa, have all been done under aerobic conditions.  Because
I get so much growth (sometimes over 2000 bacterial colonies on a single
filter--15 min sample) I can only afford to ID a small subset of bacteria
from each sample.  The most common genus I have seen is Bacillus.  I should
be getting some new samples in this month, and will try culturing half the
filter under anaerobic conditions to see if anything grows.
At one point, Dale Griffin tested some filters from African dust air samples
taken in the Virgin Islands under anaerobic conditions, but did not see any
growth.  However, the Caribbean samples have about 100x fewer bacteria on
them than the 'source' dust samples I get from Mali, so if Clostridium is in
the dust, I'll have a better shot at detecting it in the samples from
Africa.
Shameless self promotion:  I have just completed an open-file report
summarizing my and Dale's work on African dust microbes.  It is available at
http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/african_dust/ or you can email me for a high
resolution pdf (4.2 MB).
Due to our group's enthusiasm for the topic of African dust, it may appear
that we are trying to link African dust to everything from coral reef/sea
urchin mortality to the assassination of JFK (which is not to say that
African dust doesn't occasionally cross the Gulf of Mexico and affect air
quality in Texas...), to the exclusion of other hypotheses.  Our suggestion
that something is possible is not intended to imply that it is the sole or
even most probable explanation.  Just that it is possible.
-Chris
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Christina A. Kellogg, Ph.D.
Research Microbiologist
United States Geological Survey
Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies
600 Fourth Street South
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
PH: (727) 803-8747 X3128
FAX:(727) 803-2031
Email: ckellogg@usgs.gov
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Everything is dust in the wind."
                - Kansas
>Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2003 17:31:43 -0600
>From: "Robert W. Buddemeier" <buddrw@ku.edu>
>Organization: KGS
>X-Accept-Language: en
>MIME-Version: 1.0
>To: Jim Bohnsack <Jim.Bohnsack@noaa.gov>
>CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov, eshinn@usgs.gov, rbak@nioz.nl,
>        lessiosh <lessiosh@naos.si.edu>, szmanta@uncwil.edu,
>        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
>Subject: Re: Diadema die off - another reference
>X-MIMETrack: Itemize by SMTP Server on gscamnlh01/SERVER/USGS/DOI(Release
>5.0.10 |March
> 22, 2002) at 01/30/2003 03:32:03 PM,
>    Serialize by POP3 Server on gsflstpm01/SERVER/USGS/DOI(Release
>5.0.10 |March
> 22, 2002) at 01/30/2003 06:41:42 PM,
>    Serialize complete at 01/30/2003 06:41:42 PM
>
>Interesting -- African dust doesn't sound like a very good vector for an
>anaerobe.
>
>Two other observations on the Dust Discussion --
>
>1.  Paleoclimate -- based on (dust-relevant) African contributions to
>Atlantic sediments, the Sahara desertification was complete and its
sediment
>output quasi-steady-state by 5000 years BP.  (I think the reference is
>deMenocal et al. 2000, Quat. Sci. Rev. 19:347-361) If dust were a reliable
>vector there should have been plenty of chances for ecosystem inoculation
>before the past decade; alternatively, if this (putative dust-borne
>infection) were a statistically unique event in the Quaternary, then there
is
>probably no way to 'prove' it, but probably also not much reason to worry
>about it in the future.
>
>2.  Experimental studies -- I think it would be extremely difficult to
devise
>any sort of mesocosm test of the dust hypothesis -- in addition to the
issue
>of how to test for or rule out statistically rare episodic inputs, there is
>the serious experimental design problem inherent in the enormous
differences
>in surface/volume ratios between aquaria and the real ocean.
>
>If you delivered a realistic oceanic surface dose (g/m2/day) to an
aquarium,
>the resultant water concentration would be orders of magnitude greater than
>in a natural system, and if you tried to generate a realistic oceanic water
>column concentration in an aquarium, you would be dealing with an almost
>unmanageably small (and therefore probably unrepresentative) input dose.
>Further, the high internal (solid) surface to (water) volume ratio of the
>aquarium system, combined with low water motion relative to the real ocean,
>would confound interpretation of the behavior of particulate contaminants.
>
>Bob Buddemeier
>
>Jim Bohnsack wrote:
>
>> In the various discussions, I did not see the following reference
>> mentioned concerning the cause of the Caribbean Diadema die off in 1983.
>>
>> Bauer, J.C. and C.J. Agerter.  1987.  Isolation of bacteria pathogenic
>> for the sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Bull.
>> Mar. Sci.  40(1): 161-165.
>>
>> It provides evidence that an anaerobic bacteria Clostridium was the
>> responsible agent.  I believe this study was able to satisfy all but one
>> of Koch's postulates.  The last one can not be tested because no known
>> specimen that actually died in the kill was preserved by freezing.
>>
>> Also, I vaguely rember (i.e. I can not verify) someone mentioning that
>> this kill occurred just after Panama started preventing ships from
>> releasing ballast water and other discharges in the Panama Canal.
>> Presumably, cruise ships that held sewage in tanks while crossing the
>> Isthmus would have plenty of opportunity to build up anoxic conditions
>> in their tanks and large abundance of Clostridium.  If there is any
>> merit to this hypothesis, I hope everyone appreciates the irony of having
>> one regulation designed to prevent environmental damage (i.e. protect
>> water quality in the Panama Canal) causing great damage elsewhere.
>>
>> REF:
>>
>> > Date: Fri, 17 Jan 2003 10:08:33 -0500
>> > From: Gene Shinn
>> > Subject: Dust and other Hypotheses
>> >
>> > TimesDear Coral Listers,
>> >
>> >      Since there has been so much discussion of the African dust
>> > hypothesis on the list in recent weeks, I could resist responding no
>> > longer. First, the experiments proposed by Jim Hendee to test African
>> > dust effects on corals are similar to ones I have been proposing for at
>> > least 5 years. Unfortunately, there is little funding to do such work.
>> > In addition, the USGS does not have in place the dust collectors you
>> > mention. We sample for microbes using very small samples and collection
>> > requires only 10-to-15 minutes. We do no routine monitoring but would
>> > if we could. There is no funding for the large expensive samplers
>> > needed to provide enough  sample for the experiments Jim proposed.
>> > Secondly, the major problem with finding the Diadema pathogen is that
>> > the pathogen that first killed them has not been identified so we do
>> > not know what to look for. It would be possible, however, to test
>> > living Diadema against those microbes that have been cultured from dust
>> > thus far.
>> >
>> >      I thank Lessios for answering Alina's question regarding survival
>> > of West African Diadema. I did not have an answer as elegant as his. I
>> > could only suggest that Diadema living so close to the source, like the
>> > humans and the Siderastera sp. that survive there, long ago adapted and
>> > those that didn't died. Lessios also makes some very valid points
>> > regarding water transport of the unknown pathogen. We accept that the
>> > Diadema die-off began near the Panama Canal (Lessios et al., 1984,
>> > Science, 226:335-337). We also point out that the die-off began in
>> > winter when African dust impacts the southern Caribbean, South America
>> > and the Panama region and it was also the dustiest year since Prospero
>> > began monitoring dust in 1965. The upper Caribbean is impacted later
>> > during the summer months. Like Lessios, we believe water transport is
>> > very important. How else would it infect Diadema in aquaria (I assume
>> > we are talking running seawater aquaria)? Once the Caribbean basin is
>> > impacted as shown in the NOAA satellite image in our 4-page info sheet
>> > in our website, water currents likely complete the distribution of any
>> > pathogens delivered from the air. Areas downcurrent, such as, Belize
>> > and Florida, were impacted by the disease after Panama. What has
>> > concerned us, however, is how did the pathogen later move hundreds of
>> > miles against the Caribbean Current to reach the Lesser Antilles? Dust
>> > contamination of the Atlantic seaward of the Antilles and then
>> > transport downcurrent to the Antilles seems a reasonable possibility.
>> > There is nothing between the Antilles and Africa, and both the wind and
>> > the currents move toward the Antilles. More recent studies conducted by
>> > microbiologists at our office show that microbial species in dust can
>> > change drastically within 30 minutes. Don't expect a dust cloud to
>> > deliver the same microbes everywhere at the same time.
>> >
>> >     My main point is that the dust hypothesis is just that, an
>> > hypothesis, as are the other proposed causes of Diadema and coral
>> > death. The ballast-water origin is an unproven hypothesis, as are the
>> > other "usual suspects" that drive coral research funding. This latter
>> > point gets back to what Jim pointed out a week earlier regarding the
>> > emotional "pollution" word. Where is the original basic research
>> > demonstrating the degree of damage done to corals by the "usual
>> > suspects," oil spills, sewage, sedimentation, and mosquito spraying, to
>> > name a few? We seem to have skipped over the basics and then let
>> > assumptions and emotion guide our research and funding agencies.
>> >
>> > Best Wishes, Gene
>> >
>>
>> ~~~~~~~
>> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>--
>Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
>Kansas Geological Survey
>University of Kansas
>1930 Constant Avenue
>Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
>e-mail: buddrw@ku.edu
>ph (1) (785) 864-2112
>fax (1) (785) 864-5317
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Need information on carrying capacity
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 06:53:24 -0500
From: "Duncan MacRae" <solutions@cozm.co.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Pedro,
I did an extensive study on carrying capacity on Bonaire last year (as yet
unpublished). I looked at 40 sites and the amount of damage around the
mooring buoys. Some sites had in excess of 25000 divers visiting them and
showed far higher diversity and greater 'health' than other sites with very
few divers. If you would like to know more, do not hesitate to contact me.
I suggest that you are very careful using diver numbers as a management
tool, it has tended to open up a large can of worms. Better would be the
number of tourists that the local wastewater treatment plants of the area
can handle.....
Regards,
Duncan R. MacRae
----- Original Message -----
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Tuesday, January 28, 2003 10:32 PM
Subject: Need information on carrying capacity
> Dear Coral lister,
>
> I need to get information about other papers than Hawskin's and Roberts'
> =
> (1997) about carrying capacity in coral reef diving. I am participating
> =
> in the elaboration of tourist diving regulations, and so far I have =
> Haskin's and Roberts' figures of 5000-6000 divers/site/year. I think it
> =
> would be good a figure for begining that could be revised an adjusted =
> after subsequent monitoring, but I would like to know about other =
> alternative numbers. I would appreciate to receive that information, as
> =
> well as any relevant comment on the issue.
>
> Cheers,
> Pedro
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject:
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 11:12:13 -0500
From: "Mark Vermeij" <Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov>
To: solutions@cozm.co.uk
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Duncan, and the rest,
Being somewhat familiar with the Bonaire situation I want to raise some
caution to  that what's suggested in your mail, more diversity and
greater health are related to higher number of visiting divers. Although
this realtion could well exist, to suggest any sort of mechanistical
relationship is probably highly premature. Although one could think of
divers as an disturbance that jacks up species numbers (i.e. attraction
of fish mainly), the suggestion that diving causes/ increases the
attractiveness/ health of a reef should not be proposed as such, as it
will likely be used as an "easy" argument in discussions occurring all
around the world where the reef and society compete. In itself this
would  of course be ok, were it not that the relation mentioned above is
very likely the result of the "non random distribution" of divers around
the island and the unwillingness of dive resorts to go all the way to
the "really nice spots" on Bonaire, which will take a considerable trip,
that many tourists don't deal with very well.
Spots with low diversity are not very attractive for divers, hence they
aren't brought over there. The regular dive sites occur on the entire
leeward site of  Bonaire and take the major amount of visitors. The
truly exciting reefs occur on the east side or the north side of the
island, but suffer from some serious beating by the trade winds.
Needless to say that no resort will  throw their visitors of the cliffs
on these sides of the island to "enjoy" a really good reef.
A pattern no evolves where divers aren't brought to the worst and the
best sides, creating a relation at the beginning of this continuum
between increasing numbers of divers and overall reef quality. I think
this underlying factor needs to be addressed before claims as yours can
be made, so one doesn't risk the "justification" of adding large numbers
of divers to a reef to save it.
Best regards,
Mark
--
Dr. Mark Vermeij
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (RSMAS/UM)
NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Science Center
75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA
Tel: +1 305-361-4230,
Fax: +1 305-361-4499
E-mail: Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/groups/cimas/
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Need information on carrying capacity
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 11:13:13 -0500
From: "GJ Gast" <gjgast@ams.greenpeace.org>
Organization: Greenpeace
To: "Duncan MacRae" <solutions@cozm.co.uk>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Duncan,
1. Does this mean that building more sewage treatment plants gives
coral reefs a higher carrying capacity for tourism?
2. There are no sewage treatment plants on Bonaire. So the allowed
number of tourist must be set on zero?
I understand that divers carrying capacity is a complicated issue
with many varying aspects and that it is hard to come to generally
applicable figures. The least one can do is to use the precautionary
principle, which in this case means staying way within known safe
limits. Using wastewater treatment as a criterium is definately much
too simplistic. On the contrary, the wastewater treatment capacity
should follow the numbers of tourists and local people. If only that
would become reality....
Best wishes, GJ.
On 7 Feb 2003, at 6:53, Duncan MacRae wrote:
> Dear Pedro,
>
> I did an extensive study on carrying capacity on Bonaire last year (as
> yet unpublished). I looked at 40 sites and the amount of damage around
> the mooring buoys. Some sites had in excess of 25000 divers visiting
> them and showed far higher diversity and greater 'health' than other
> sites with very few divers. If you would like to know more, do not
> hesitate to contact me.
>
> I suggest that you are very careful using diver numbers as a
> management tool, it has tended to open up a large can of worms. Better
> would be the number of tourists that the local wastewater treatment
> plants of the area can handle.....
>
> Regards,
>
> Duncan R. MacRae
>
>
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
> To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Sent: Tuesday, January 28, 2003 10:32 PM
> Subject: Need information on carrying capacity
>
>
> > Dear Coral lister,
> >
> > I need to get information about other papers than Hawskin's and
> > Roberts' = (1997) about carrying capacity in coral reef diving. I am
> > participating = in the elaboration of tourist diving regulations,
> > and so far I have = Haskin's and Roberts' figures of 5000-6000
> > divers/site/year. I think it = would be good a figure for begining
> > that could be revised an adjusted = after subsequent monitoring, but
> > I would like to know about other = alternative numbers. I would
> > appreciate to receive that information, as = well as any relevant
> > comment on the issue.
> >
> > Cheers,
> > Pedro
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html
> > .
> >
> >
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
=========================================================
Dr Gert Jan Gast
Seas and Oceans Campaigner, Greenpeace Netherlands
Keizersgracht 174, 1016DW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Phone +31 20 5236655
Mobile +31 6 5206 2976
Fax +31 20 6221272
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Need information on carrying capacity
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 11:14:14 -0500
From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear coral-listers:
I partially and respectfully disagree with Duncan
MacRae regarding his recommendation of not using diver
numbers as a management tool.  Under high densities,
diver numbers can have a negative effect on coral reef
benthic communities.
In Puerto Rico, there are still diving schools that
take out in some of their trips between 40 and 80
novice divers in a single boat trip. Similarly, we
have major hotels in PR that bring bunches of
unexperienced snorkellers to shallow reef areas that I
have personally seen stepping on living corals
everywhere.
Novice divers and snorkellers could be extremely
destructive in localized reef areas, mostly because
they are not familiar with the reefs (and they have
not been adequately educated during their trainng, if
any at all).  They can not adequately control yet
their buoyancy, most of them use diving gloves and
keep touching everything trying to avoid hitting the
bottom, etc. Also, most of the time, diving boats drop
anchor on the reef due to the lack of mooring buoys.
Thus, these combined effects have a high potential for
causing significant destruction.
Diver number could affect boat traffic, anchoring,
potential for fuel contamination, possible reef
trampling to access shore reefs, etc. And, in many
instances (e.g., Puerto Rico), this could translate
into severe indirect recreational spearfishing
effects. Yes, we do still have a LOT of spearfishing
diving trips everywhere!
Diver number HAS to be taken into consideration
because it is not the same having several trips with
few experienced and well-trained divers, than to have
a bunch of rookies around.
I think that to define management of diving activities
you have to consider:
1. Overall number of divers.
2. Number of diving trips.
3. Number of divers/trip.
4. Level of diver training.
5. Purpose of diving trip.
6. Ecological conditions of the diving place.
7. Education of reef etiquete and behavior (this
should be mandatory).
8. Shoreline entrances to the reef. My research
experience (Hernandez-Delgado et al., 2001;
Hernandez-Delgado et al., in preparation) has shown
that trampling to gain access to deeper reef areas can
be extremely destructive in localized areas. And, the
higher the number of people, the higher the damage.
Thus, diver number is a major part of the carrying
capacity formula that should not be left out.
Cheers,
Edwin
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: carrying capacity
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 11:44:10 -0500
From: "david medio" <david@medio.fsnet.co.uk>
To: "Mark Vermeij" <Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov>, <solutions@cozm.co.uk>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
I do not know Bonaire, but have worked on the issue of carrying capacity and
diver damage.
At Ras Mohammed National park (possibly the most densily dived spot anywhere
on earth) there is no question that a correlation exists between no of
divers and reef degradation. The only thing that has made a difference is
(a) diver education, (b) no anchors, (c) no boat discharges and limited
number of boats per mooring and per site.
Cheers.
Dr David Medio
Environmental Consultant
43 St John Street
York
YO31 7QR
England
+44 1904 647202
david@medio.fsnet.co.uk
----- Original Message -----
From: "Mark Vermeij" <Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov>
To: <solutions@cozm.co.uk>
Cc: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Friday, February 07, 2003 4:12 PM
> Dear Duncan, and the rest,
>
> Being somewhat familiar with the Bonaire situation I want to raise some
> caution to  that what's suggested in your mail, more diversity and
> greater health are related to higher number of visiting divers. Although
> this realtion could well exist, to suggest any sort of mechanistical
> relationship is probably highly premature. Although one could think of
> divers as an disturbance that jacks up species numbers (i.e. attraction
> of fish mainly), the suggestion that diving causes/ increases the
> attractiveness/ health of a reef should not be proposed as such, as it
> will likely be used as an "easy" argument in discussions occurring all
> around the world where the reef and society compete. In itself this
> would  of course be ok, were it not that the relation mentioned above is
> very likely the result of the "non random distribution" of divers around
> the island and the unwillingness of dive resorts to go all the way to
> the "really nice spots" on Bonaire, which will take a considerable trip,
> that many tourists don't deal with very well.
> Spots with low diversity are not very attractive for divers, hence they
> aren't brought over there. The regular dive sites occur on the entire
> leeward site of  Bonaire and take the major amount of visitors. The
> truly exciting reefs occur on the east side or the north side of the
> island, but suffer from some serious beating by the trade winds.
> Needless to say that no resort will  throw their visitors of the cliffs
> on these sides of the island to "enjoy" a really good reef.
> A pattern no evolves where divers aren't brought to the worst and the
> best sides, creating a relation at the beginning of this continuum
> between increasing numbers of divers and overall reef quality. I think
> this underlying factor needs to be addressed before claims as yours can
> be made, so one doesn't risk the "justification" of adding large numbers
> of divers to a reef to save it.
>
> Best regards,
> Mark
>
> --
> Dr. Mark Vermeij
>
> Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (RSMAS/UM)
>
> NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Science Center
> 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA
> Tel: +1 305-361-4230,
> Fax: +1 305-361-4499
> E-mail: Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov
>
> http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/groups/cimas/
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Reef use and the time element
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 12:15:17 -0500
From: John McManus <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: Coral List <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Regarding reef use and reef health, it is important to account for the
time element. In a study of a large number of reef areas in the
Philippines, we found very little relationship between coastal density and
reef health at first. Then we determined that recent settlements tended to
be alongside healthier reefs, and older settlements tended to be along
reefs in less good health. An analysis based on this showed good
correlations. This supported the idea that people move to healthy coral
areas, and then those areas degrade over time. The same would be expected
with the dive industry. However, one would need to demonstrate this in a
place with a long legacy of dive tourism.
see:
Pollnac, R.B., McManus, J.W., del Rosario, A. E., Banzon, A.S., Vergara,
S.G. and Gorospe, M.L.G. 2000. Unexpected relationships between coral reef
health  and socio-economic pressures in the Philippines: ReefBase/RAMP
applied. Marine & Freshwater Research 51:529-533.
Cheers!
John
John W. McManus, PhD.
Director
National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Fl. 33149
Phone: 305-361-4814
Fax:   305-361-4910
Email: jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Website: www.ncoremiami.edu
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RV: Need information on carrying capacity
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 12:43:31 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Thanks very much, Duncan. It is surprising to know that a coral reef
diving
> spot visited by 25000 diver in one year still healthy, when in general
> recomendations in litterature on carrying capacity do not exceed 10000,
with
> the exception of  San Andres, Colombia, with 29000 (Gallo et al. in prep.;
> which also surprised me). You are right about taking more care about
> external stress sources (pollution from tourist resorts). Our Environment
> Agency is aware about that and we have officially implemented EIAs and
> licensing since 1997, which take into account this issue. The problem is
> that we are preparing official general regulations for diving even in
places
> quite far for tourist resorts, and we think that even having very good
diver
> behaviour regulations and compliance, it would be convenient to set a
> precautionary limit in the yearly amount of divers in a dive spot, in oder
> to avoid eventual overcrowding by some local turoperators. We have
> recommended no more than 4000 diver per year per site, but hearing you
> figure I wonder (and worry about) wether we are really limiting the
> potential income  of country tourist dive bussiness with this relatively
low
> recommended figure.
> Thank you very much again, and please keep helping us on the issue. I send
a
> copy of this message to Reynaldo Estrada, Director of the National Center
of
> Protected Areas (CNAP), who is leading the preparation of the dive
> regulations, to keep him informed about your interesting comments.
> Regards,
> Pedro,
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: Duncan MacRae <solutions@cozm.co.uk>
> To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Sent: Friday, February 07, 2003 6:53 AM
> Subject: Re: Need information on carrying capacity
>
>
> > Dear Pedro,
> >
> > I did an extensive study on carrying capacity on Bonaire last year (as
yet
> > unpublished). I looked at 40 sites and the amount of damage around the
> > mooring buoys. Some sites had in excess of 25000 divers visiting them
and
> > showed far higher diversity and greater 'health' than other sites with
> very
> > few divers. If you would like to know more, do not hesitate to contact
me.
> >
> > I suggest that you are very careful using diver numbers as a management
> > tool, it has tended to open up a large can of worms. Better would be the
> > number of tourists that the local wastewater treatment plants of the
area
> > can handle.....
> >
> > Regards,
> >
> > Duncan R. MacRae
> >
> >
> >
> > ----- Original Message -----
> > From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
> > To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> > Sent: Tuesday, January 28, 2003 10:32 PM
> > Subject: Need information on carrying capacity
> >
> >
> > > Dear Coral lister,
> > >
> > > I need to get information about other papers than Hawskin's and
Roberts'
> > > =
> > > (1997) about carrying capacity in coral reef diving. I am
participating
> > > =
> > > in the elaboration of tourist diving regulations, and so far I have =
> > > Haskin's and Roberts' figures of 5000-6000 divers/site/year. I think
it
> > > =
> > > would be good a figure for begining that could be revised an adjusted
=
> > > after subsequent monitoring, but I would like to know about other =
> > > alternative numbers. I would appreciate to receive that information,
as
> > > =
> > > well as any relevant comment on the issue.
> > >
> > > Cheers,
> > > Pedro
> > >
> > > ~~~~~~~
> > > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > > digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
> > >
> > >
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
> >
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Need information on carrying capacity
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 12:43:32 -0500
From: "Greg Challenger" <GChallenger@msn.com>
To: "GJ Gast" <gjgast@ams.greenpeace.org>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
I agree with Mark.
Correlation is not causation, although I don't recall that it was suggest=
ed.  It stands to reason that mooring buoys are purposely placed in areas=
 that appear to be the most diverse and interesting for divers.  Some del=
ving into historical data regarding both the reef and the time since buoy=
 placement at each site, as well as continued monitoring of buoy and cont=
rol sites may be necessary to make further inferences.
In reference to sewage treatment criterion.  I think diver carrying capac=
ity can be viewed in the context of other pressures.  A reef has an overa=
ll carrying capacity, which we may define as a point beyond which communi=
ty indices are adversely affected in a measurable or observable way.  Div=
er carrying capacity alone could vary depending on other stressors.  Land=
 use, point source pollution and others may stress a reef such that diver=
 influences may be more readily observable.  This would be a difficult pr=
emise for which to design an experiment. I can think of one, but it would=
 cost boatloads of dough. =20
Waste water treatment as the only factor determinant in carrying capacity=
 is too simplistic, but I believe Pedro was just making a point.  Diver c=
arrying capacity at each site likely varies.  This is logical given the d=
ynamic and varying ecological indices and anthropogenic factors between a=
nd among reefs. =20
----- Original Message -----
From: GJ Gast
Sent: Friday, February 07, 2003 8:24 AM
To: Duncan MacRae; coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Need information on carrying capacity
Dear Duncan,
1. Does this mean that building more sewage treatment plants gives =20
coral reefs a higher carrying capacity for tourism?
2. There are no sewage treatment plants on Bonaire. So the allowed =20
number of tourist must be set on zero?
I understand that divers carrying capacity is a complicated issue =20
with many varying aspects and that it is hard to come to generally =20
applicable figures. The least one can do is to use the precautionary =20
principle, which in this case means staying way within known safe =20
limits. Using wastewater treatment as a criterium is definately much =20
too simplistic. On the contrary, the wastewater treatment capacity =20
should follow the numbers of tourists and local people. If only that =20
would become reality....
Best wishes, GJ.
On 7 Feb 2003, at 6:53, Duncan MacRae wrote:
> Dear Pedro,
> =20
> I did an extensive study on carrying capacity on Bonaire last year (as
> yet unpublished). I looked at 40 sites and the amount of damage around
> the mooring buoys. Some sites had in excess of 25000 divers visiting
> them and showed far higher diversity and greater 'health' than other
> sites with very few divers. If you would like to know more, do not
> hesitate to contact me.
> =20
> I suggest that you are very careful using diver numbers as a
> management tool, it has tended to open up a large can of worms. Better
> would be the number of tourists that the local wastewater treatment
> plants of the area can handle.....
> =20
> Regards,
> =20
> Duncan R. MacRae
> =20
> =20
> =20
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
> To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Sent: Tuesday, January 28, 2003 10:32 PM
> Subject: Need information on carrying capacity
> =20
> =20
> > Dear Coral lister,
> >
> > I need to get information about other papers than Hawskin's and
> > Roberts' =3D (1997) about carrying capacity in coral reef diving. I a=
m
> > participating =3D in the elaboration of tourist diving regulations,
> > and so far I have =3D Haskin's and Roberts' figures of 5000-6000
> > divers/site/year. I think it =3D would be good a figure for begining
> > that could be revised an adjusted =3D after subsequent monitoring, bu=
t
> > I would like to know about other =3D alternative numbers. I would
> > appreciate to receive that information, as =3D well as any relevant
> > comment on the issue.
> >
> > Cheers,
> > Pedro
> >
> > ~~~~~~~
> > For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> > digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html
> > .
> >
> >
> =20
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
> =20
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Dr Gert Jan Gast
Seas and Oceans Campaigner, Greenpeace Netherlands
Keizersgracht 174, 1016DW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Phone +31 20 5236655
Mobile +31 6 5206 2976
Fax +31 20 6221272
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
------=_NextPart_001_0003_01C2CE8B.CE1A20B0
Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<HTML><BODY STYLE=3D"font:10pt verdana; border:none;"><DIV> <DIV>I agree =
with Mark.</DIV> <DIV>Correlation is not causation, although I don't reca=
ll that it was suggested.&nbsp; It stands to reason that mooring buoys ar=
e purposely placed in areas that appear to be the most diverse and intere=
sting for divers.&nbsp; Some delving into historical data regarding both =
the reef and the time since buoy placement at each site, as well as conti=
nued monitoring of buoy and control sites may be necessary to make furthe=
r inferences.</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <DIV>In reference to sewage treatme=
nt criterion.&nbsp; I think&nbsp;diver carrying capacity can be viewed in=
 the context of other pressures.&nbsp; A reef has an overall carrying cap=
acity, which&nbsp;we may define&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;point beyond which co=
mmunity indices are adversely affected in a measurable or observable way.=
&nbsp; Diver carrying capacity alone could vary depending on other stress=
ors.&nbsp; Land use, point source pollution and others may stress a reef =
such that diver influences may be more readily observable.&nbsp; This wou=
ld be a difficult premise for which to design an experiment. I can think =
of one, but it would cost boatloads of dough. </DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV> <D=
IV>Waste water treatment as the only factor determinant in carrying capac=
ity is&nbsp;too simplistic, but I believe Pedro was just making a point.&=
nbsp; Diver carrying capacity at each site likely varies.&nbsp; This is l=
ogical given the dynamic and varying ecological&nbsp;indices and anthropo=
genic factors&nbsp;between and among reefs. </DIV></DIV> <BLOCKQUOTE styl=
e=3D"PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; BORDER-LEFT=
: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px"> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt Arial">=
----- Original Message -----</DIV> <DIV style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FON=
T: 10pt Arial; COLOR: black"><B>From:</B> GJ Gast</DIV> <DIV style=3D"FON=
T: 10pt Arial"><B>Sent:</B> Friday, February 07, 2003 8:24 AM</DIV> <DIV =
style=3D"FONT: 10pt Arial"><B>To:</B> Duncan MacRae; coral-list@coral.aom=
l.noaa.gov</DIV> <DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt Arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: Need=
 information on carrying capacity</DIV> <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>Dear Duncan,<BR>=
<BR>1. Does this mean that building more sewage treatment plants gives <B=
R>coral reefs a higher carrying capacity for tourism?<BR><BR>2. There are=
 no sewage treatment plants on Bonaire. So the allowed <BR>number of tour=
ist must be set on zero?<BR><BR>I understand that divers carrying capacit=
y is a complicated issue <BR>with many varying aspects and that it is har=
d to come to generally <BR>applicable figures. The least one can do is to=
 use the precautionary <BR>principle, which in this case means staying wa=
y within known safe <BR>limits. Using wastewater treatment as a criterium=
 is definately much <BR>too simplistic. On the contrary, the wastewater t=
reatment capacity <BR>should follow the numbers of tourists and local peo=
ple. If only that <BR>would become reality....<BR><BR>Best wishes, GJ.<BR=
><BR>On 7 Feb 2003, at 6:53, Duncan MacRae wrote:<BR><BR>&gt; Dear Pedro,=
<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; I did an extensive study on carrying capacity on Bonair=
e last year (as<BR>&gt; yet unpublished). I looked at 40 sites and the am=
ount of damage around<BR>&gt; the mooring buoys. Some sites had in excess=
 of 25000 divers visiting<BR>&gt; them and showed far higher diversity an=
d greater 'health' than other<BR>&gt; sites with very few divers. If you =
would like to know more, do not<BR>&gt; hesitate to contact me.<BR>&gt; <=
BR>&gt; I suggest that you are very careful using diver numbers as a<BR>&=
gt; management tool, it has tended to open up a large can of worms. Bette=
r<BR>&gt; would be the number of tourists that the local wastewater treat=
ment<BR>&gt; plants of the area can handle.....<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; Regards,=
<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; Duncan R. MacRae<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; ---=
-- Original Message -----<BR>&gt; From: "Pedro Alcolado" &lt;alcolado@ama=
.cu&gt;<BR>&gt; To: &lt;coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov&gt;<BR>&gt; Sent: =
Tuesday, January 28, 2003 10:32 PM<BR>&gt; Subject: Need information on c=
arrying capacity<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; &gt; Dear Coral lister,<BR>&gt=
; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; I need to get information about other papers than Haw=
skin's and<BR>&gt; &gt; Roberts' =3D (1997) about carrying capacity in co=
ral reef diving. I am<BR>&gt; &gt; participating =3D in the elaboration o=
f tourist diving regulations,<BR>&gt; &gt; and so far I have =3D Haskin's=
 and Roberts' figures of 5000-6000<BR>&gt; &gt; divers/site/year. I think=
 it =3D would be good a figure for begining<BR>&gt; &gt; that could be re=
vised an adjusted =3D after subsequent monitoring, but<BR>&gt; &gt; I wou=
ld like to know about other =3D alternative numbers. I would<BR>&gt; &gt;=
 appreciate to receive that information, as =3D well as any relevant<BR>&=
gt; &gt; comment on the issue.<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; Cheers,<BR>&gt; =
&gt; Pedro<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt; ~~~~~~~<BR>&gt; &gt; For directions =
on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the<BR>&gt; &gt; digest=
s, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html<BR>&gt; &gt=
; .<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; &gt;<BR>&gt; <BR>&gt; ~~~~~~~<BR>&gt; For direct=
ions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the<BR>&gt; digest=
s, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .<BR>&gt; <=
BR><BR><BR>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<BR>Dr Gert Jan Gast<BR>Seas and Oceans =
Campaigner, Greenpeace Netherlands<BR>Keizersgracht 174, 1016DW Amsterdam=
, The Netherlands<BR>Phone +31 20 5236655<BR>Mobile +31 6 5206 2976<BR>Fa=
x +31 20 6221272<BR><BR>~~~~~~~<BR>For directions on subscribing and unsu=
bscribing to coral-list or the<BR>digests, please see http://www.coral.no=
aa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .<BR></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_001_0003_01C2CE8B.CE1A20B0--
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Rapid assessment for coral disease
Date: Fri, 7 Feb 2003 10:07:26 -0800 (PST)
From: "M.Kathleen Hurley" <arrecifes4@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear List-
I am looking for a rapid assessment method for coral
disease in the Dominican Repblic.  I would greatly
appreciate any information on a rapid assessment
method for assessing coral disease.  I am aware of the
modified CARICOMP method, but am looking for
alternatives.
Please respond directly to me.
THanks in advance for your help.
Kathleen Hurley, M.S.
US Fulbright Fellow
__________________________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Mail Plus - Powerful. Affordable. Sign up now.
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re:
Date: Fri, 07 Feb 2003 16:50:26 -0500
From: "Michael Risk" <riskmj@univmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: "Mark Vermeij" <Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov>, solutions@cozm.co.uk
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Mark, and Duncan, and the rest:
I had already replied to Duncan privately re his posting, but your
response has prompted me to make this wider submission.
I did NOT read his posting as saying, divers are good for reefs. I'm
sure Duncan is way too smart for that. There are many factors involved
here, some of which you point out. As divers are taken to good spots,
these also tend to have higher diversity, duh.
In my experience, divers per se do not produce a lot of stress on
reefs. Some of you should dive Sipadan, which receives several 10's of
thousands of divers to an island that is only a few acres. We reef
scientists need to be clear that what the locals do to attract and keep
the divers is far more damaging.
Duncan is right on the money when he says, look to the wastewater
treatment facilities. All debates on "carrying capacity" need first and
foremost to deal with land-based sources before any diver headcounts
are attempted.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: USCRTF Meeting 26-27 Feb
Date: Fri, 07 Feb 2003 17:53:06 -0500
From: "Heidi Schuttenberg" <Heidi.Schuttenberg@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Meeting
The U.S. Coral Reef Task Force will hold its 9th meeting in Washington D.C.
February 26-27.  The meeting is open to the public and participation by all
interested stakeholders in encouraged.  Participants can register in
advanced or on-site during the event.  There is no cost for registration.
Those interested have the opportunity to exhibit.  There will also be an
opportunity for public comment.  The agenda for the meeting can be found at
the Task Force web site:  http://coralreef.gov/
Specific contact information about the meeting, exhibiting, and registration
can be found in the Federal Register Notice pasted below.
with best regards,
Heidi Schuttenberg
Federal Register Notice, 23 January 2003
Time and Date: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST, February 26 and 27, 2003.
Place: Departmental Auditorium, Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street,
NW, Washington, DC 20240.
Status: The Department of the Interior, as co-chair with the Department of
Commerce, on behalf of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF), announces a
public
meeting of the Task Force. Composed of the heads of eleven federal agencies
and the Governors of seven states, territories, and commonwealths, the Task
Force
has helped lead U.S. efforts to address the coral reef crisis and
sustainably manage the nation's valuable coral reef ecosystems.
Matters to be Considered: The CRTF will discuss implementation of the
National Plan for Coral Reef Conservation Action, improvements in Task Force
operations, and accept public comments. The agenda will be available from
the contact person below and published on the web at http://coralreef.gov/
when
finalized.  Individuals and organizations will have opportunities to
register for exhibit space and register to provide public comments limited
to less that 5 minutes.
Wherever possible, those with similar viewpoints or messages are encouraged
to make joint statements. Testimony will be received on the afternoon of
February 26.
Written statements may also be submitted to the Task Force up to March 14,
2003.
Contact Person for More Information: Organizations and individuals desiring
to register for public comments or to obtain additional information should
contact
Patty Myatt, c/o the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife Parks,
Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW., MS-MIB-3156, Washington, DC
20240,
telephone
202-208-6621, email patty_myatt@ios.doi.gov.
--
Heidi Schuttenberg
Environmental Policy Specialist
NOAA Ocean Service
Office of Response and Restoration
ph:  301-713-2989 x224
fx:  301-713-4389
Subject: carrying capacity and other management approaches
Date: Sat, 08 Feb 2003 06:19:42 +0000
From: "Anthony Rouphael" <trouphael@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Listers<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns =
"urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
Subject: Information requests
Date: Sat, 8 Feb 2003 15:24:24 +0700 (ICT)
From: "Duncan R. MacRae" <solutions@cozm.co.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear coral-list,
Many people have requested further information from me. I will endearvour
to reply to you all and deliver more information no some form as soon as
possible. I am in the field until the end of April.
Regards,
Duncan R. MacRae
Director,
Coastal Zone Management
A co-operative of professionals working in ICZM
www.cozm.co.uk
solutions@cozm.co.uk
Thailand mobile: +66 (0) 668 55676
UK mobile: +44 (0) 7958 230 076
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Coral symbionts
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2003 00:15:07 -0800
From: "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>
To: "Ivan Marin" <coralliodecapoda@mail.ru>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Ivan,
Coral reefs in Vietnam are some of the most overfished in the world and the
reefs are subject to many other impacts. You may be interested in the
following:
Thang, H.V., G. Hodgson, E. Hresko, C. Ovel (eds) 1998. Coastal Biodiversity
Priorities in Vietnam. Proceedings of the Workshop on Coastal Priorities in
Vietnam, Hanoi 4-6 November 1997. Institute for Environment and Sustainable
Development Publication 98-02, Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology, Hong Kong.
Vo S.T. and Hodgson G. 1997. Coral reefs of Vietnam: Recruitment limitation
and physical forcing. p. 477-482. Vol. 1. In: HA Lessios (ed) Proc. 8th
Intl. Coral Reef Symposium, June 24-29, 1996, Panama City, Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Director, Reef Check
Professor (Visiting)
Institute of the Environment
1362 Hershey Hall Mailcode 149607
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
Tel: (1) 310-794-4985 Fax: (1) 310-825-0758
Email: gregorh@ucla.edu
www.ReefCheck.org
----- Original Message -----
From: "Ivan Marin" <coralliodecapoda@mail.ru>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sent: Wednesday, February 05, 2003 7:00 AM
Subject: Coral symbionts
> Dear Coral-lers,
>
>     Our laboratory has been studing simbiotic relationships between
different
> sea invertebrates. Personally, I am studing coral-associated crustaceans
as one
> of the component of coral reef community. Generally, we are interested in
all
> animals and their complex associated with scleractinian coral colonies.
>    Since 2001 members of our laboratory has been working in South Vietnam
> waters investigating coral reef community and all influinced factors. As
one
> knows, corals in Vietnam are hardly exploited by fishing, pollution and
others,
> that why this region is very interesting to study effect of exploitation.
My
> supervisor, T.A. Brytaev, and I try to investigate the changes in coral
> associated communities as factors and indexes of coral community
pollution.
>    Here, we are looking for scientist or societies, who are interested in
> cooperation in this topic. We are interested in any contacts with
scientists
> who make same investigations in other regoins.
>
>     And yet one. Could you help me to find organizations, societies or
funds
> (their Internet pages), which are supporting and funding different joint
> projects, scientific projects on studing coral associated communities and
> grants for PhD student to make joint coral reef condition investigations
in
> Indo-West Pacific.
>
>
>     Thank You very much.
>
> Sincerely yours
>
> Ph.D. student, Ivan N. Marin
> Laboratory of Evolutional Morphology of Marine Invertebrates
> (T.Brytaev Laboratory)
> A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (RAS)
> Leninsky pr. 33
> 117071 Moscow
> Russia
> Fax: 095 954 5534
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RE: carrying capacity, LACs and economic values paper
Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2003 19:14:54 -0000
From: "Spurgeon, James" <James.Spurgeon@jacobs.com>
To: "'alcolado@ama.cu'" <alcolado@ama.cu>,
     "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov '" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Pedro and listers
The visitor "carrying capacity" of a coral reef is a function of the
following factors:
Number of people entering the water
*Means of accessing the water (anchoring, shoreline, boardwalks etc)
*Activity they undertake (diving, snorkelling, with gloves etc)
*Visitor experience, training and education
*Management tools (fines, visitor facilities, restricting access etc)
Natural physical conditions (depth, topography, currents, waves, etc)
Type of corals (form and fragility)
*Extent of other stresses (wastewater, sea temperature etc)
*Levels of acceptable change (extent of acceptable coral cover etc)
Consequently, reef carrying capacities will differ enormously (and Duncan's
point is certainly valid).  However, for management purposes,
generalizations could be made for several different categories of reef.
Furthermore, because several factors* can be modified, carrying capacity at
any site can be changed significantly. Note that in the Galapagos Islands, a
maximum carrying capacity of 20,000 visitors per year was set in 1985.
Currently, over 65,000 people visit each year.  Through various management
measures, associated visitor damage is minor, especially compared to other
stresses (e.g. introduction of domestic animals).
I've not seen Jamie Oliver's paper, but "limits of acceptable change" is a
great concept if you are confident of the cause-effect relationships.  This
is more the case for terrestrial systems than marine.  LAC also requires
legislation and management controls strong and flexible enough to allow
effective and timely changes in management.
Controlling visitor numbers also does significantly affect potential
economic, financial and social benefits. For many asscociated reasons it
will be better to build up capacity cautiously over time!
All these issues are being explored in some current/proposed research:
Spurgeon, J. (in prep) "Maximizing benefits and revenues from coral reef
management", hopefully culminating in a paper to be presented in Japan.  In
the near future I'll be looking for partial funding and additional materials
to draw upon.  Offers for either would be greatly appreciated!
In addition to those who requested it a while ago, anyone wanting a pdf copy
of Spurgeon J. (2001) "Economic Value of Coral Reefs: The Next Ten Years",
let me know.
James Spurgeon
Executive Environmental Economist/Scientist
Jacobs (formerly JacobsGIBB)
Tel: +44 (0)118 963 5346
Fax: +44 (0)118 926 3888
E-mail: james.spurgeon@jacobs.com
Web: www.jacobs.com
www.gibbltd.com
==============================================================================
NOTICE - This communication may contain confidential and privileged
information that is for the sole use of the intended recipient.  Any
viewing, copying or distribution of, or reliance on this message by
unintended recipients is strictly prohibited.  If you have received this
message in error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message
and deleting it from your computer.
==============================================================================
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: carrying capacity
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 06:50:32 +0500
From: "William Allison" <beliamall@dhivehinet.net.mv>
To: <coral-list-outgoing2@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Bearing in mind that procedures and
standards vary considerably among
operations, at several  locations I survey
diver-caused direct physical damage is trivial .
Supervised divers are kept away from  the
substrate and cause little  damage. Unsupervised
divers probably cause most of the damage.
Considering supervision at a more general
level I suspect that owned  reefs (resorts)
sustain less damage than common property
reefs. By way of example, some of the worst
behaved divers I have seen have been from
live-aboard boats (little direct supervision,
common-property-nobody-is-watching
situation). Decisions about supervision
and degree of access are management tools
in Jamie Spurgeon's classification.
Snorkelers cause more damage than divers.
In general they are unsupervised and have
no training about either the biota or
snorkeling.
Overall, carrying capacity based on diver
damage seems to be a minor issue.
Much more important seems to be the
damage done in the course of constructing
and operating the diving tourism infrastructure.
Bill
William (Bill) Allison
Atoll Science
Rangas, Violet Magu
Male
MALDIVES
(960) 329667
beliamall@dhivehinet.net.mv
Subject: Re: Carrying capacity on Bonaire
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 08:05:32 -0500
From: "Duncan R. MacRae" <solutions@cozm.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Mark, coral listers,
It looks like I have managed to raise some useful discussion on this
topic, which is needed. It seems that everyone has valid points but a few
people are missing the target I put out. I would not been so short sighted
as to suggest that:
'more diversity and greater health are related to higher number of
visiting divers'.
.... perhaps I should clarify myself further.
The key issue I was addressing was the use of diver numbers as a
management tool. If managers start to put a figure on how many divers can
visit a reef, then many people involved in the dive industry will see this
as a green light to fill the reefs to 'capacity'- not the best situation.
Or, the tourism industry in an area may be unfairly penalised by strict
visitor regulations. By refraining from using head counts, we are in
effect already applying the precautionary principle.
My point was that there are far more important factors to be addressed in
most areas of coral reef than to count diver numbers. One key point that I
noticed in the literature was the lack of information on how much 'actual'
damage divers cause and its significance for reef ecology. Various studies
have been done counting the amount of contact, contact on different
topographies, types of damage, amount of contact by different levels of
experience etc etc. I could only find one reference that looked at how
much damaged was caused to a colony from repeated touching and scraping
(Talge 1992).
So back to the point that using carrying capacity numbers for divers as a
management tool is not as problem free as it may first seem.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RE: carrying capacity, LACs and economic values paper
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 08:20:47 -0500
From: "Jaap, Walt" <Walt.Jaap@fwc.state.fl.us>
To: <alcolado@ama.cu>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
There is a recent economic evaluation of southeast Florida reef economics,
very detailed:
Socioeconomic study of reefs in southeast Florida.  Final report: Broward,
Miami-Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach Counties, Principal investigators: G.M.
Johns, V.R. Leeworthy, F.W. Bell, and M.A. Bonn (all of these individuals
are academic economists).  Six chapters, six appendices, available through
Hazen and Sawyer, 4000 Hollywood Blvd., 7th floor, north tower, Hollywood,
FL 33021, USA.
-
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Carrying capacity vs. usage, re: Bonaire
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 12:11:03 -0800 (PST)
From: Melissa Keyes <mekvinga@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hello Listers,
  Concerning recreational divers on Bonaire in microcosm, I have been diving
these reefs daily since mid-August 2002.  The damage done by thousands of
recreational divers cannot compare to the daily damage done by the local
fishermen who are liscensed to drop big rocks on the coral as anchors for
their little boats.  They do not use the old bent-rebar anchors, which cause
much more damage, but they systematically go along the entire reef system,
moving from place to place by lifting their rocks, or cinderblocks, and
letting them bounce along the coral to the next stop. Or sometimes they
actually pull the rocks out of the water onto their boats, which is hard
work, as these are twenty pound monsters, not pebbles.  And when the
?-quarter inch cotton string that's their anchor line breaks, or gets
tangled, whoops, there it goes into the sea, strangling and scraping, unseen
to them, everything it catches on.
  I've wished I could stay in fourty-fifty-sixty feet of water on Scuba for
the entire morning to video and document just one day's damage one fisherman
does.  I bet if the broken and upturned stony corals, 'soft' corals, and
sponges could be quantified into year's growth destroyed, it would be in the
low hundreds for each day's catch, which soon will be nothing but Damsel
fish.
  A standard piece of dive equipment for me is scissors to cut fishing line
off coral.
  I really like this Island, but the Park gets much more credit than it
deserves. The residents, fish and critters, have not been protected. I won't
go into the issue of the locals who I've seen illegally spearfishing, the
dearth of sizeable fish, or the near-total absence of fish in the "Reserve",
in which I dove once to help out with a yearly survey.
  But then, the Reserve did have really beautiful coral.  No fish larger
than three centimeters, an amazing sight, but really beautiful coral.
  My question:  Does a coral reef need fish?
  Regards,
  Melissa Keyes,
  s/v Vinga, Bonaire/St. Croix
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Mail Plus - Powerful. Affordable. Sign up now
Subject: ICRIN's Coral Reef Directory
Date: Mon, 10 Feb 2003 16:40:31 -0800
From: Sherry Flumerfelt <sflumerfelt@coral.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Ivan,
Have you tried searching ICRIN's International Directory of Coral Reef
Organizations (http://directory.coralreef.org/)?  This is a database of
hundreds of organizations from around the world that work on coral reef
related issues, including non-governmental organizations (NGOs), research
institutions, aquariums, marine protected areas (MPAs), government agencies,
international programs and more.  If you type "Vietnam" in the keyword
search, you will come up with organizations that work in that region.
This database is a work in progress.  If your coral reef organization is not
yet listed, please add it to the Directory by clicking "Add Your
Organization" and answering the questions.  If your organization is already
listed and you would like to add additional information, click "Edit Your
Organization."  If you do not know your email login and password, please
contact ngo@coral.org.
Best of luck.
Sherry Flumerfelt
Program Coordinator
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, CA 94104
Phone: 415-834-0900 ext. 306
Fax: 415-834-0999
Email: sflumerfelt@coral.org
Web site:  http://www.coral.org
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Have you signed the Dive In Pledge yet?  Show that you care about coral
reefs.  http://www.coral.org/diveinpledge.html
>
> coral-list-daily       Monday, February 10 2003       Volume 03 : Number
029
>
>
>
> Re: Coral symbionts
> RE: carrying capacity, LACs and economic values paper
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2003 00:15:07 -0800
> From: "Gregor Hodgson" <gregorh@ucla.edu>
> Subject: Re: Coral symbionts
>
> Dear Ivan,
>
> Coral reefs in Vietnam are some of the most overfished in the world and
the
> reefs are subject to many other impacts. You may be interested in the
> following:
>
>
>
> Thang, H.V., G. Hodgson, E. Hresko, C. Ovel (eds) 1998. Coastal
Biodiversity
> Priorities in Vietnam. Proceedings of the Workshop on Coastal Priorities
in
> Vietnam, Hanoi 4-6 November 1997. Institute for Environment and
Sustainable
> Development Publication 98-02, Hong Kong University of Science and
> Technology, Hong Kong.
>
>
>
> Vo S.T. and Hodgson G. 1997. Coral reefs of Vietnam: Recruitment
limitation
> and physical forcing. p. 477-482. Vol. 1. In: HA Lessios (ed) Proc. 8th
> Intl. Coral Reef Symposium, June 24-29, 1996, Panama City, Smithsonian
> Tropical Research Institute, Panama.
>
>
>
> Gregor Hodgson, PhD
> Director, Reef Check
> Professor (Visiting)
> Institute of the Environment
> 1362 Hershey Hall Mailcode 149607
> University of California at Los Angeles
> Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
>
> Tel: (1) 310-794-4985 Fax: (1) 310-825-0758
> Email: gregorh@ucla.edu
> www.ReefCheck.org
>
>
>
>
>
> - ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Ivan Marin" <coralliodecapoda@mail.ru>
> To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Sent: Wednesday, February 05, 2003 7:00 AM
> Subject: Coral symbionts
>
>
>> Dear Coral-lers,
>>
>>     Our laboratory has been studing simbiotic relationships between
> different
>> sea invertebrates. Personally, I am studing coral-associated crustaceans
> as one
>> of the component of coral reef community. Generally, we are interested in
> all
>> animals and their complex associated with scleractinian coral colonies.
>>    Since 2001 members of our laboratory has been working in South Vietnam
>> waters investigating coral reef community and all influinced factors. As
> one
>> knows, corals in Vietnam are hardly exploited by fishing, pollution and
> others,
>> that why this region is very interesting to study effect of exploitation.
> My
>> supervisor, T.A. Brytaev, and I try to investigate the changes in coral
>> associated communities as factors and indexes of coral community
> pollution.
>>    Here, we are looking for scientist or societies, who are interested in
>> cooperation in this topic. We are interested in any contacts with
> scientists
>> who make same investigations in other regoins.
>>
>>     And yet one. Could you help me to find organizations, societies or
> funds
>> (their Internet pages), which are supporting and funding different joint
>> projects, scientific projects on studing coral associated communities and
>> grants for PhD student to make joint coral reef condition investigations
> in
>> Indo-West Pacific.
>>
>>
>>     Thank You very much.
>>
>> Sincerely yours
>>
>> Ph.D. student, Ivan N. Marin
>> Laboratory of Evolutional Morphology of Marine Invertebrates
>> (T.Brytaev Laboratory)
>> A.N. Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (RAS)
>> Leninsky pr. 33
>> 117071 Moscow
>> Russia
>> Fax: 095 954 5534
>>
>> ~~~~~~~
>> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ------------------------------
>
> Date: Sun, 9 Feb 2003 19:14:54 -0000
> From: "Spurgeon, James" <James.Spurgeon@jacobs.com>
> Subject: RE: carrying capacity, LACs and economic values paper
>
> Dear Pedro and listers
>
> The visitor "carrying capacity" of a coral reef is a function of the
> following factors:
>
> Number of people entering the water
> *Means of accessing the water (anchoring, shoreline, boardwalks etc)
> *Activity they undertake (diving, snorkelling, with gloves etc)
> *Visitor experience, training and education
> *Management tools (fines, visitor facilities, restricting access etc)
> Natural physical conditions (depth, topography, currents, waves, etc)
> Type of corals (form and fragility)
> *Extent of other stresses (wastewater, sea temperature etc)
> *Levels of acceptable change (extent of acceptable coral cover etc)
>
> Consequently, reef carrying capacities will differ enormously (and
Duncan's
> point is certainly valid).  However, for management purposes,
> generalizations could be made for several different categories of reef.
>
> Furthermore, because several factors* can be modified, carrying capacity
at
> any site can be changed significantly. Note that in the Galapagos Islands,
a
> maximum carrying capacity of 20,000 visitors per year was set in 1985.
> Currently, over 65,000 people visit each year.  Through various management
> measures, associated visitor damage is minor, especially compared to other
> stresses (e.g. introduction of domestic animals).
>
> I've not seen Jamie Oliver's paper, but "limits of acceptable change" is a
> great concept if you are confident of the cause-effect relationships.
This
> is more the case for terrestrial systems than marine.  LAC also requires
> legislation and management controls strong and flexible enough to allow
> effective and timely changes in management.
>
> Controlling visitor numbers also does significantly affect potential
> economic, financial and social benefits. For many asscociated reasons it
> will be better to build up capacity cautiously over time!
>
> All these issues are being explored in some current/proposed research:
> Spurgeon, J. (in prep) "Maximizing benefits and revenues from coral reef
> management", hopefully culminating in a paper to be presented in Japan.
In
> the near future I'll be looking for partial funding and additional
materials
> to draw upon.  Offers for either would be greatly appreciated!
>
> In addition to those who requested it a while ago, anyone wanting a pdf
copy
> of Spurgeon J. (2001) "Economic Value of Coral Reefs: The Next Ten Years",
> let me know.
>
> James Spurgeon
> Executive Environmental Economist/Scientist
>
> Jacobs (formerly JacobsGIBB)
> Tel: +44 (0)118 963 5346
> Fax: +44 (0)118 926 3888
> E-mail: james.spurgeon@jacobs.com
> Web: www.jacobs.com
> www.gibbltd.com
>
>
>
>
>
==============================================================================
> NOTICE - This communication may contain confidential and privileged
> information that is for the sole use of the intended recipient.  Any
viewing,
> copying or distribution of, or reliance on this message by unintended
> recipients is strictly prohibited.  If you have received this message in
> error, please notify us immediately by replying to the message and
deleting it
> from your computer.
>
>
==============================================================================
>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
> ------------------------------
>
> End of coral-list-daily V3 #29
> ******************************
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Support for access to European museum collections
Date: Tue, 11 Feb 2003 18:03:08 +0100
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
> Apologies for cross-postings.
>
> Dear Colleague,
>
> Under the 6th Framework Programme (FP6) of the European Commission
(2002-2006), a proposal is in preparation to the Specific Programme on
Structuring the European Research Area. The purpose of the proposal is to
create a network of a number of institutions holding important biological
research collections throughout Europe. The proposal, which is being
prepared in the framework of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities
(CETAF), is intended to provide access with financial support for visiting
researchers to the collections of the participating organisations.
>
> The proposal to the European Commission has to demonstrate a > "> European
Research Institution> ">  status of our museum. To obtain this status we
have to show (through letters of support) that there is a high degree of
scientific and/or social interest in having access to our museum and to the
other partners in the proposal.
>
> If for any future work, you or a colleague should need access to our
museum or one of the other institutions (see attached list), I kindly
request that you send a letter of support. Your letter of support should
specify why you want to have access and which institutions you want to
visit. With respect to the institutions to visit, you are invited to mention
the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden (we hold many (type)
specimens of Cnidaria), and any additional institute that is relevant for
your research (see attached list).
>
> Enclosed is an example of a support letter that can be used as a guide, if
you find it suitable for your needs. Please, spread this information also to
your colleagues. Letters of support should be sent by e-mail, fax or letter
to the chair of the Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF). An
example of such a letter with the address is in the annex. I invite you to
send the letter of support at short term, but not later than 7 March 2003.
>
> Thanking you in advance for your interest.
>
> Bert W. Hoeksema (Head, Department of Invertebrates)
> Leendert P. van Ofwegen (Curator, Coelenterates Section)
>
> National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
> P.O. Box 9517
> 2300 RA  Leiden
> The Netherlands
> Tel. +31.71.5687631
> Fax +31.71.5687666
> E-mail: Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl
>
> The infrastructures listed below are expected to be members of the network
to which Access grants for visitors will be applied for.
>
> Country       Infrastructures
> Austria       Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna
> Belgium       Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles, Brussels Royal
Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren National Botanic Garden of Belgium,
Meise
>
> Germany       Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem Museum fr
Naturkunde, Berlin
> Denmark       University of Copenhagen, COBICE
> Spain Museo Nacional Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid  Real Jardn
Botnico, CSIC, Madrid
> France        Musum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris
> Hungary       Hungarian Museum of Natural History, Budapest
> Netherlands   Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam & National
Natural History Museum Naturalis National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht
> Poland        Museum and Institute of Zooology, PAS, Warsaw
> Sweden        Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm
> United Kingdom        The Natural History Museum, London Royal Botanic
Gardens, Kew Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh
>
>
>
> Sample
>
>
>
> To:   Dr. Henrik Enghoff (Chair)
>       Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF)
>       Zoologisk Museum
>       Universitetsparken 15
>       DK-2100 Copenhaguen OE
>       Denmark
>
>       Email: henghoff@zmuc.ku.dk
>       Fax: + 45 35 32 10 10
>
> Dear Dr. Enghoff,
>
> For my research on [subject / taxonomic group], I need access to specimens
[from the region X] held in the collections of
> {Please enter the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, and any
other relevant museum from the attached list].>
>
> Research visits are especially important as the [well
curated/unique/diverse/type] collections and the experts at the institutes
are crucial for the progress in my scientific work.
>
> I am looking forward to establishing cooperationships with the mentioned
institutes, and I support the initiative of your network to facilitate
access to their collection facilities.
>
>
> Yours sincerily,
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Requests for paper on "economic value of corals - 10 years on"
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2003 12:38:02 -0000
From: "Spurgeon, James" <James.Spurgeon@jacobs.com>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Listers
Many apologies for having to respond via the coral list, but I am currently
working in Kazakhstan (developing a GIS based water resources optimisation
model), and sending emails takes forever.
I will send the pdf to all those requesting it when I return to the UK in 2
weeks.  For those who asked, it cannot be downloaded from a web site, and I
don't know the size of the file.
For those interested, the Kazak approach for increasing the carrying
capacity for swimming in rivers at the moment (eg last weekend when it was
-26C), is to simply make the holes in the ice bigger.  There is little need
to restrict how long people stay in the water!
Best wishes
James
-----Original Message-----
From: M.C. Ricardo Muoz Chagn
To: Spurgeon, James
Sent: 10/02/2003 17:46
Subject: RE: carrying capacity, LACs and economic values paper
James Spurgeon:
I am interested in a pdf copy of Spurgeon J. (2001) "Economic Value of
Coral Reefs: The Next Ten Years"
Thanks in advance.
M.C. Ricardo Muoz
Ecologa y Manejo de Sistemas Arrecifales, S.C.P.
Mrida,Yucatn, Mxico
-----Mensaje original-----
De: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov] En nombre de Spurgeon, James
Enviado el: Domingo, 09 de Febrero de 2003 01:15 p.m.
Para: 'alcolado@ama.cu'; 'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov '
Asunto: RE: carrying capacity, LACs and economic values paper
Dear Pedro and listers
The visitor "carrying capacity" of a coral reef is a function of the
following factors:
Number of people entering the water
*Means of accessing the water (anchoring, shoreline, boardwalks etc)
*Activity they undertake (diving, snorkelling, with gloves etc)
*Visitor experience, training and education
*Management tools (fines, visitor facilities, restricting access etc)
Natural physical conditions (depth, topography, currents, waves, etc)
Type of corals (form and fragility)
*Extent of other stresses (wastewater, sea temperature etc)
*Levels of acceptable change (extent of acceptable coral cover etc)
Consequently, reef carrying capacities will differ enormously (and
Duncan's
point is certainly valid).  However, for management purposes,
generalizations could be made for several different categories of reef.
Furthermore, because several factors* can be modified, carrying capacity
at
any site can be changed significantly. Note that in the Galapagos
Islands, a
maximum carrying capacity of 20,000 visitors per year was set in 1985.
Currently, over 65,000 people visit each year.  Through various
management
measures, associated visitor damage is minor, especially compared to
other
stresses (e.g. introduction of domestic animals).
I've not seen Jamie Oliver's paper, but "limits of acceptable change" is
a
great concept if you are confident of the cause-effect relationships.
This
is more the case for terrestrial systems than marine.  LAC also requires
legislation and management controls strong and flexible enough to allow
effective and timely changes in management.
Controlling visitor numbers also does significantly affect potential
economic, financial and social benefits. For many asscociated reasons it
will be better to build up capacity cautiously over time!
All these issues are being explored in some current/proposed research:
Spurgeon, J. (in prep) "Maximizing benefits and revenues from coral reef
management", hopefully culminating in a paper to be presented in Japan.
In
the near future I'll be looking for partial funding and additional
materials
to draw upon.  Offers for either would be greatly appreciated!
In addition to those who requested it a while ago, anyone wanting a pdf
copy
of Spurgeon J. (2001) "Economic Value of Coral Reefs: The Next Ten
Years",
let me know.
James Spurgeon
Executive Environmental Economist/Scientist
Jacobs (formerly JacobsGIBB)
Tel: +44 (0)118 963 5346
Fax: +44 (0)118 926 3888
E-mail: james.spurgeon@jacobs.com
Web: www.jacobs.com
www.gibbltd.com
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Subject: histology technique for corals?
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2003 10:53:07 -0800
From: "Mike Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hello all,
I would greatly appreciate if you could direct me to the state-of-the-art
coral histology techniques (sample separation from the colony, fixation,
cutting, staining, viewing). We want to look at some Faviids.
thanks in advance
Mike Matz
Whitney Lab, university of Florida
Subject: carrying capacity
Date: Wed, 12 Feb 2003 19:00:33 -0400
From: "Tom van't Hof" <tomvanthof@hotmail.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
The question by Pedro Alcolado has stirred up quite a bit of discussion,
which is good. I think we need to defer judgment on Duncan McRae's study
until the results are available for review by the scientific community, but
I just want to say this: while the lack of sewage treatment in Bonaire is
certainly a very important issue, in particular for the reefs near the
developed area, it's a little too easy to blame just sewage and not the
entire realm of activities and needs of divers and snorkellers. Until we
have hard data to reject the guideline of 5,000 - 6,000 divers per site per
year proposed by Roberts et al., let's be careful in adopting new estimates.
None of the high-use sites in the Dixon et al. and the Roberts et al.
studies were anywhere near sewage discharges.
Having said that, I would also like to strongly support the application of
the Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) approach as an alternative to
traditional carrying capacity estimates, which aim at numbers. LAC really is
a management planning tool, and while it has only been applied to a MPA once
to my knowledge (the Saba Marine Park, Netherlands Antilles), it does have
tremendous potential and merits. The key to the success of a LAC planning
framework, however,  is the degree to which monitoring is carried out in
order to determine whether or not any standards may have been violated and
the willingness of the stakeholder community to implement the previously
agreed management interventions if standards are being violated. Stankey,
Cole, McCool and others have published many papers on the applicability of
the LAC framework, including a generic LAC process which I find very useful,
also for MPA management planning.
**************************************************************************************************************
Tom van't Hof
Marine & Coastal Resource Management Consulting
The Bottom, Saba
Netherlands Antilles
Tel. (599) 416-3348
Fax (599) 416-3299
e-mail tomvanthof@hotmail.com
"Specializing in marine protected areas since 1979."
Resume, references and project history at http://www.irf.org/hof.htm
Subject: Tropical Marine Ecology Course in Akumal, Mexico
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2003 10:38:09 -0500
From: Drew Harvell <cdh5@cornell.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: kiho@american.edu, kmh34@cornell.edu, lhj1@cornell.edu
> SHOALS MARINE LABORATORY (Cornell University / University of New
> Hampshire)
> announces the continuation of its on-going course on the Yucatan
> Peninsula, in Akumal, Mexico:
>
> Tropical Marine Science
>
>      Dates: June 16 - July 14, 2003
>
>       Semester Credits Earned: 6
>
>       Cost: $3,200 (this price does not include airfare or meals
>      while in Akumal)
>
>       Cornell course numbers: BIOSM 418
>
>
> Prerequisites:  Recognized SCUBA certification, a medical examination, one
> full year of college level biology, and permission of instructors. This is
> a course designed for students interested in learning about coral reef
> ecology and conservation in an environment where these topics are of
> immediate concern.  Students will spend four weeks in Akumal, Mexico, a
> small resort town located about 60 miles south of Cancun on the Caribbean
> coast of the Yucatan Peninsula.  Housing will be provided by the Centro
> Ecologico Akumal (http://www.ceakumal.org/), a local organization
> dedicated to the sustainable development of Akumal and the protection of
> its coral reefs.  Akumal is a developing center for research in coral reef
> biology and ecology.  Limited to 15 students.
>
> The first two weeks will be spent studying basic coral reef ecology and
> learning the benthic fauna of the local reefs.  During the following two
> weeks, students will participate in a reef monitoring project that will
> aid in the establishment of a marine park in Akumal.  TMS students will
> have the opportunity to interact with the scientists involved in this
> research through discussions and field work.
>
> Faculty involved with the course this summer include Professors Kiho Kim
> (American University), Garriet Smith (University of South Carolina),  Sean
> Grace (Salve Regina) and Drew Harvell (Cornell University).
>
> For a detailed course description, please go to:
> http://www.sml.cornell.edu/college/pc-cctms.htm
>
For more information, please contact Laurie Johnson via email:
lhj1@cornell.edu
--
Drew Harvell
Professor
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
E- 321 Corson Hall
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
VOICE:  607-254-4274   FAX: 607-255-8088  email:cdh5@cornell.edu
http://www.eeb.cornell.edu/harvell/harvell.html
Subject: ISRS Subsidized Memberships
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2003 10:59:51 -0600 (CST)
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Each year the International Society for Reef Studies offers several
partial subsidies of memberships. If you are interested in financial
assistance with an ISRS membership, please see:
http://www.uncwil.edu/isrs/membership.html
Applications should be sent to Dr. Peter Mumby, ISRS Corresponding
Secretary, at P.J.Mumby@exeter.ac.uk.
The deadline for applications is March 1st.
Rich Aronson
Vice President
International Society for Reef Studies
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: NCORE update and new website
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2003 14:27:16 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
NCORE is pleased to welcome aboard two key personnel and a NEW website:
Dr. Johanna Polsenberg, Assistant Director, has worked in tropical
ecosystems in Australia, Indonesia and elsewhere, and was formerly with the
US Congressional Staff as a specialist and speaker on "Science and the
Public".
Felimon "Nonong" Gayanilo, Senior Software Engineer, has worked with ICLARM
(now the World Fish Center) and the University of British Columbia, and is
most well-known as the software developer of the FAO/ICLARM Fisat and Fisat
II packages, which are used for fisheries analysis in many countries
(http://www.fao.org/fi/statist/fisoft/fisat/index.htm). He will play a key
role in our program to develop Dynamic Decision Support Systems for coral
reefs, which will integrate hydrodynamic, ecological and socioeconomic
simulation models into 3D Geographic Information Systems.
This tool development is a core element of the CARRUS Alliance, a
Comparative Analysis of Reef Resilience Under Stress, which will involve
independently-funded research teams conducting long-term studies of major
reef systems under agreements for the exchange of software, methods, data,
and results.
Further information can be found at our NEW website, www.ncoremiami.org.
This site is expected to change quarterly, as online, highly detailed GIS
systems are developed for our focal reef areas.
Cheers!
 John
_________________________________________________________
John W. McManus, PhD
Director, National Center for Caribbean Coral Reef Research (NCORE)
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (RSMAS)
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149.
jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu
Tel. (305) 361-4814
Fax (305) 361-4910
www.ncoremiami.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Tortugas Shrimping Violation Brings $20,000 Penalty
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 2003 17:03:06 -0500
From: "Cheva Heck" <Cheva.Heck@noaa.gov>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov '" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
NOAA03-R404
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
FEBRUARY 13, 2003
CONTACT:   Cheva Heck
                    Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
                    305.292.0311, ext. 26
                    305.304.0179 (cell)
TORTUGAS ECOLOGICAL RESERVE VIOLATION BRINGS $20,000 PENALTY
NOAA Cites Owner and Operator of Shrimp Trawler
Attorneys for the Department of Commerces National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) have issued a $20,000 civil penalty in the case of a
vessel cited for illegal shrimp trawling in the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuarys protected Tortugas Ecological Reserve last December.
 Christine Ho of Abbeville, La., owner of the Fishing Vessel Miss Christine
V, and vessel captain Cu T. Nguyen of Port Arthur, Texas, face a combined
penalty in the incident.  The Coast Guard vessel Nantucket cited the Miss
Christine V on Dec. 16, 2002.  The Nantucket escorted the Miss Christine V
to Key West, where its catch of 1,117 lbs. of pink shrimp was seized and
sold by a NOAA agent.  The $1,733.38 proceeds from the sale remain in escrow
pending settlement of the case.
 Five days previously, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission
officers had cited the Miss Christine V for illegal shrimp trawling inside
the Tortugas Shrimp Sanctuary, a cooperative closure between the State of
Florida and the Department of Commerce.
 Once again, we thank the United States Coast Guard for helping to provide
the effective enforcement that is critical to the success of the Tortugas
Ecological Reserve, said Sanctuary Superintendent Billy Causey.
Law-abiding commercial and recreational fishermen, who are by far the
majority, deserve to know that those who violate the reserves protections
will pay the price.
 The Tortugas Ecological Reserve, established in 2001, protects 151 square
nautical miles of deep coral reefs and other essential habitat for fish and
other marine life.  The reserve is the largest of the sanctuarys network of
24 no-take areas set aside to protect habitat and preserve the diversity
of marine life in the coral reef ecosystem of the Florida Keys.
 NOAA National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) seeks to increase the public
awareness of Americas maritime heritage by conducting scientific research,
monitoring, exploration and educational programs.  Today, 13 national marine
sanctuaries encompass more than 18,000 square miles of Americas ocean and
Great Lakes natural and cultural resources.  In addition, the NMSP is
conducting a sanctuary designation process to incorporate the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands Coral Reef Ecosystem Reserve into the national sanctuary
system.
 NOAA National Ocean Service (NOAA Oceans and Coasts) manages the National
Marine Sanctuary Program and is dedicated to exploring, understanding,
conserving and restoring the nations coasts and oceans.  NOAA Oceans and
Coasts balances environmental protection with economic prosperity in
fulfilling its mission of promoting safe navigation, supporting coastal
communities, sustaining coastal habitats and mitigating coastal hazards.
The Commerce Departments National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety
through the prediction and research of weather and climate-related events
and providing environmental stewardship of our nations coastal and marine
resources.
On the internet:
NOAA - http://www.noaa.gov
NOAA Oceans and Coasts - http://www.nos.noaa.gov
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary - http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov
###
Subject: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 11:53:26 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear listers,
I was fascinated reading Vollmer and Palumbis recent paper on hybridization
of Acropora palmata and cervicornis. It establishes clearly and convincingly
the facts of that issue. But reading this paper I remembered an anecdote of
mine. A few years ago I was visisting quite frequently (for different
reasons, once staying 10 days there working on sponges) the nice Aquarium of
Xcaret, Cancun. I was witness of something I think is amazing. In the big
bowl representing the reef crest, there was a trasplanted Acropora palmata
colony (the biggest one among others). There was full illumination and a
wave simulator, with good water circulation there. I was able to observe how
that colony was slowly being transformed in a prolifera bushy-palmate like
fenotype. The ends of the palmate branches began to show short arising (in
the same plane of the branch top) acute branches typical of prolifera, and
the skeleton remaining between them becoming quite traslucent (looking like
a duck foot illuminated at the opposite site). I wonder what was the final
outcome of this gradual transformation. I observed that about 4 years (maybe
less or more, I do not remember exactly) after I saw this colony for the
first time. I would suggest that appart from well proved genetically derived
prolifera like fenotypes, some kinds of changes in environmental variables
(at least in acquarium conditions) would be able to lead also to the same
bushy-palmate fenotype (maybe due to weaker hidrodynamic regime). Really
interesting, no?
Best wishes,
Pedro Alcolado
Subject: Re: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 12:47:22 -0500
From: "Sam Jones" <sjones@wcs.org>
To: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Hi Pedro,
Very interesting observation indeed.  Thank you for sharing it.  I continue
to marvel at the phenotypic plasticity of corals.  I've noticed a number of
interspecific morphological differences in both the field and in the lab,
cultured corals.  Without a doubt, environmental conditions within an
aquarium (or the field) can influence a number of coral physiological
properties to include branch spacing, coloration, growth rates, growth
forms, etc.  The spectral quality and quantity of light (GFP, MAA,
Symbiodinium concentration/type), nutrients (Symbiodinium growth rates),
various water circulation properties (e.g. speed, laminar vs. oscillatory,
etc.), general system chemistry, etc. are some of the environmental
parameters that can be 'tweaked.'   It's possible to take a single colony of
a highly phenotypically plastic coral head (e.g. P. damicornis), put
fragments of the colony under different environmental conditions, and
observe different physiological responses.  The Aquarium is a wonderful
place to do this kind of work.  If you get a chance, you may want to check
our Veron and Pichon's "Scleractinia of Eastern Australia", Part 1, Families
Thamnasteriidae, Astrocoeniidae, and Pocilloporidae; this book demonstrates
quite nicely the impressive array of interspecific morphologies from corals
under various environmental conditions.
Sam Jones
 Manager, Ex Situ Coral Conservation Research Laboratory
 Wildlife Conservation Society
 The New York Aquarium
 Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences
 Boardwalk at West 8th St.
 Brooklyn, NY 11224
Subject: Re: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 12:16:15 -0600
From: "Robert W. Buddemeier" <buddrw@ku.edu>
Organization: KGS
To: Sam Jones <sjones@wcs.org>
CC: Pedro Alcolado <alcolado@ama.cu>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
On this topic, if you have not already seen it you might be interested in:
Carlson BA (1999) Organism responses to rapid change:  what aquaria tell
us about nature. American Zoologist 39:44-55
Bob Buddemeier
Sam Jones wrote:
> Hi Pedro,
> Very interesting observation indeed.  Thank you for sharing it.  I
> continue to marvel at the phenotypic plasticity of corals.  I've
> noticed a number of interspecific morphological differences in both
> the field and in the lab, cultured corals.  Without a doubt,
> environmental conditions within an aquarium (or the field) can
> influence a number of coral physiological properties to include branch
> spacing, coloration, growth rates, growth forms, etc.  The spectral
> quality and quantity of light (GFP, MAA, Symbiodinium
> concentration/type), nutrients (Symbiodinium growth rates), various
> water circulation properties (e.g. speed, laminar vs. oscillatory,
> etc.), general system chemistry, etc. are some of the environmental
> parameters that can be 'tweaked.'   It's possible to take a single
> colony of a highly phenotypically plastic coral head (e.g. P.
> damicornis), put fragments of the colony under different environmental
> conditions, and observe different physiological responses.  The
> Aquarium is a wonderful place to do this kind of work.  If you get a
> chance, you may want to check our Veron and Pichon's "Scleractinia of
> Eastern Australia", Part 1, Families Thamnasteriidae, Astrocoeniidae,
> and Pocilloporidae; this book demonstrates quite nicely the impressive
> array of interspecific morphologies from corals under various
> environmental conditions.
> Sam Jones
>
>  Manager, Ex Situ Coral Conservation Research Laboratory
>  Wildlife Conservation Society
>  The New York Aquarium
>  Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences
>  Boardwalk at West 8th St.
>  Brooklyn, NY 11224
>
>     ----- Original Message -----
>     From: Pedro Alcolado <mailto:alcolado@ama.cu>
>     To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov <mailto:coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
>     Sent: Friday, February 14, 2003 11:53 AM
>     Subject: Hybridization in Acropora
>
>     Dear listers,
>     I was fascinated reading Vollmer and Palumbis recent paper on
>     hybridization of Acropora palmata and cervicornis. It establishes
>     clearly and convincingly the facts of that issue. But reading this
>     paper I remembered an anecdote of mine. A few years ago I was
>     visisting quite frequently (for different reasons, once staying 10
>     days there working on sponges) the nice Aquarium of Xcaret,
>     Cancun. I was witness of something I think is amazing. In the big
>     bowl representing the reef crest, there was a trasplanted Acropora
>     palmata colony (the biggest one among others). There was full
>     illumination and a wave simulator, with good water circulation
>     there. I was able to observe how that colony was slowly being
>     transformed in a prolifera bushy-palmate like fenotype. The ends
>     of the palmate branches began to show short arising (in the same
>     plane of the branch top) acute branches typical of prolifera, and
>     the skeleton remaining between them becoming quite traslucent
>     (looking like a duck foot illuminated at the opposite site). I
>     wonder what was the final outcome of this gradual transformation.
>     I observed that about 4 years (maybe less or more, I do not
>     remember exactly) after I saw this colony for the first time. I
>     would suggest that appart from well proved genetically derived
>     prolifera like fenotypes, some kinds of changes in environmental
>     variables (at least in acquarium conditions) would be able to lead
>     also to the same bushy-palmate fenotype (maybe due to weaker
>     hidrodynamic regime). Really interesting, no?
>     Best wishes,
>     Pedro Alcolado
>
>
--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Avenue
Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
e-mail: buddrw@ku.edu
ph (1) (785) 864-2112
fax (1) (785) 864-5317
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 13:35:55 -0500
From: "Dana Williams" <Dana.Williams@noaa.gov>
Organization: RSMAS/CIMAS
To: Pedro Alcolado <alcolado@ama.cu>
CC: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Pedro- If I understood your description, I have seen this in some colonies
that I have been monitoring for the past 9 months. In these colonies I have
seen the translucent type skeleton between the 'acute' branches become
filled in and ultimately ends up looking like a typical A. palmata branch
tip. It seems as though some colonies elongate their branches by laying down
the framework then going back and filling it in, whereas others do it all in
one 'step'. My observations so far suggest to me that there are perhaps
different genotypes that vary in the way they build their skeleton rather
than hydrodynamic or light differences because not all individuals in an
area display this appearance...
That is my two cents worth (with the caveat of a relatively short, but
repeated observations)!
Dana Williams
Pedro Alcolado wrote:
> Dear listers,I was fascinated reading Vollmer and Palumbis recent paper
> on hybridization of Acropora palmata and cervicornis. It establishes
> clearly and convincingly the facts of that issue. But reading this paper I
> remembered an anecdote of mine. A few years ago I was visisting quite
> frequently (for different reasons, once staying 10 days there working on
> sponges) the nice Aquarium of Xcaret, Cancun. I was witness of something I
> think is amazing. In the big bowl representing the reef crest, there was a
> trasplanted Acropora palmata colony (the biggest one among others). There
> was full illumination and a wave simulator, with good water circulation
> there. I was able to observe how that colony was slowly being transformed
> in a prolifera bushy-palmate like fenotype. The ends of the palmate
> branches began to show short arising (in the same plane of the branch top)
> acute branches typical of prolifera, and the skeleton remaining between
> them becoming quite traslucent (looking like a duck foot illuminated at
> the opposite site). I wonder what was the final outcome of this gradual
> transformation. I observed that about 4 years (maybe less or more, I do
> not remember exactly) after I saw this colony for the first time. I would
> suggest that appart from well proved genetically derived prolifera like
> fenotypes, some kinds of changes in environmental variables (at least in
> acquarium conditions) would be able to lead also to the same bushy-palmate
> fenotype (maybe due to weaker hidrodynamic regime). Really interesting,
> no?Best wishes,Pedro Alcolado
--
Dana E. Williams, Ph.D.
Post Doctoral Associate
National Marine Fisheries Service
75 Virginia Beach Drive, Miami FL 33149
(305) 361-4569
Subject: RE: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 13:41:43 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: "Dana Williams" <Dana.Williams@noaa.gov>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Thanks for your interesting reply, Dana. The difference is that the colony
that I talk about was originally a typical Acropora palmata that gradaually
transformed in a bushy-palmate fenotype after being introduced in the
aquarium. Genes did not change, form yes.
Pedro
----- Original Message -----
Subject: RE: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 13:55:38 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: "Todd R. Barber" <reefball@reefball.com>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Todd,
Thanks for your quick and interesting reply. If you need a piece of that
coral colony you might request it to Dr. Martin Sanchez
(sacbemar@playa.com.mx or msanchez@playa.com.mx), Director of Xcaret
Aquarium, but I wonder wether this colony is still alive now. Hopefully yes.
Keep me informed, please. The last time I saw it was in november 2001.
Regards,
Pedro
Subject: RE: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 14:10:24 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: "Dana Williams" <Dana.Williams@noaa.gov>, <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Dana,
I forgot to explain you that differently from your cases, in the Xcaret
colony the process is opposite. If I understood you, your colonies are bushy
Acropora that fill the angles among their branches transforming themselves
into palmate branches, while in the Xcaret colony we deal with a typical
palmate Acropora palmata that becomes bushy-palmate.
Pedro Alcolado
----- Original Message -----
Subject: Re: Hybridization in Acropora
Date: Fri, 14 Feb 2003 19:45:18 -0800 (PST)
From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Pedro and fellow listers.
Just a minor observation following Pedro's posting on
rapidly changing Acropora palmata morphology.
Here in Puerto Rico, I've seen in two locations on the
northern coast at Arrecife La Ocho, also known as El
Escambron (San Juan), and at Vega Baja Beach (about
20-25 km west of San Juan) high densities of A.
palmata colonies with mixed phenotypes.
These colonies are growing on very shallow (0.5-1.5 m)
and highly turbulent habitats. Most of the colonies
show typical A. palmata branches in the colony
portions under less turbulent microhabitats (lower
part of the colony). But, those colony portions
exposed to the prevalent turbulent conditions (upper
branches) show typical A. prolifera forms.
I've always thought that these "hybrid" morphs are the
result of local environmental factors. Their
distribution is limited only to the most turbulent
zone. Thus, it would be interesting to look at the
genetics of these known A. prolifera hybrids and those
A. prolifera-looklike palmatas.
Is this sudden increase in branchiness a strategy to
dissipate high energy from incoming waves? Or is it
simply a reproductive strategy to rapidly colonize,
disperse and dominate shallow turbulent reef zones? Or
is it an strategy of some genetic variants to try to
fix their genes by producing larger numbers of weaker
fragments, which will inebitably will fragment and
disperse, thus rapidly dispersing genetic clones
downcurrent?
Moreover, this process that Pedro just described under
aquarium conditions, which might be the same one that
could explain my observations under field conditions,
should be tested as a potential A. palmata propagation
and restoking method.
If palmata branches can exhibit such a rapid increase
in branchiness under stronger water movement, then,
wouldn't it be feasable either to propagate corals
under flowing tank or field conditions by allowing
single branches to rapidly produce a high number of
new branches which can be cut and transplanted to
repeat the process?  Just a though...
Cheers,
Edwin
=====
Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Ph.D.
University of Puerto Rico
Department of Biology
Coral Reef Research Group
P.O. Box 23360
San Juan, P.R. 00931-3360
Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855; Fax (787) 764-2610
__________________________________________________
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Subject: Summer Internships
Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2003 08:30:10 -0500
From: Dennis Hanisak <Hanisak@hboi.edu>
To: "'Coral Reef Listserver'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> SUMMER INTERNSHIPS
>
> Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution offers a Summer Internship Program
> to qualified undergraduate and graduate students interested in
> marine-related fields. Our Internship Program is designed to provide
> students work experience in a research environment.  The areas of study
> may include, but are not limited to: aquaculture, biomedical marine
> research, marine biology, marine mammal research, marine natural product
> chemistry, marine microbiology, ocean engineering, and oceanography.  The
> 2003 Summer Intern Program begins May 27 and continues through August 1
> (10 weeks).  Deadline for applications is March 1.  Awards will be
> announced ca. April 1.
>
> A downloadable application form is available at
> <http://www.hboi.edu/marineed/internships.html>.
>
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Hybridization/phenotypic variation in Acropora
Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2003 12:47:02 -0500
From: Judy Lang/Lynton Land <JandL@rivnet.net>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Edwin, Pedro et al.,
In contrast to the situation described below by Edwin, there is--or at
least there used to be--a small reef  crest in a relatively sheltered
location inside Discovery Bay Harbour (SW corner, just west of the
bauxite loading facility) in which. if I remember correctly,  the outer
margins of some colonies of Acropora palmata produced a morphology more
resembling A. cervicornis than A. prolifera. I presumed this was a
response to reduced rates of water flow.
Judy
On Friday, February 14, 2003, at 10:45  PM, Hernandez Edwin wrote:
> Dear Pedro and fellow listers.
>
> Just a minor observation following Pedro's posting on
> rapidly changing Acropora palmata morphology.
>
> Here in Puerto Rico, I've seen in two locations on the
> northern coast at Arrecife La Ocho, also known as El
> Escambron (San Juan), and at Vega Baja Beach (about
> 20-25 km west of San Juan) high densities of A.
> palmata colonies with mixed phenotypes.
>
> These colonies are growing on very shallow (0.5-1.5 m)
> and highly turbulent habitats. Most of the colonies
> show typical A. palmata branches in the colony
> portions under less turbulent microhabitats (lower
> part of the colony). But, those colony portions
> exposed to the prevalent turbulent conditions (upper
> branches) show typical A. prolifera forms.
>
> I've always thought that these "hybrid" morphs are the
> result of local environmental factors. Their
> distribution is limited only to the most turbulent
> zone. Thus, it would be interesting to look at the
> genetics of these known A. prolifera hybrids and those
> A. prolifera-looklike palmatas.
>
> Is this sudden increase in branchiness a strategy to
> dissipate high energy from incoming waves? Or is it
> simply a reproductive strategy to rapidly colonize,
> disperse and dominate shallow turbulent reef zones? Or
> is it an strategy of some genetic variants to try to
> fix their genes by producing larger numbers of weaker
> fragments, which will inebitably will fragment and
> disperse, thus rapidly dispersing genetic clones
> downcurrent?
>
> Moreover, this process that Pedro just described under
> aquarium conditions, which might be the same one that
> could explain my observations under field conditions,
> should be tested as a potential A. palmata propagation
> and restoking method.
>
> If palmata branches can exhibit such a rapid increase
> in branchiness under stronger water movement, then,
> wouldn't it be feasable either to propagate corals
> under flowing tank or field conditions by allowing
> single branches to rapidly produce a high number of
> new branches which can be cut and transplanted to
> repeat the process?  Just a though...
>
> Cheers,
>
> Edwin
>
> =====
> Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Ph.D.
> University of Puerto Rico
> Department of Biology
> Coral Reef Research Group
> P.O. Box 23360
> San Juan, P.R. 00931-3360
> Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855; Fax (787) 764-2610
>
> __________________________________________________
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Yahoo! Shopping - Send Flowers for Valentine's Day
> http://shopping.yahoo.com
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: The Bali Proceedings are Printed
Date: Mon, 17 Feb 2003 21:43:28 -0500
From: Terry Done <T.Done@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Listers,
The Proceedings of the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium, Bali Oct
2000,  have now been printed and will soon be distributed to people who
paid full registration to the Symposium.
A number of copies are available for sale, and persons wishing to purchase
a copy or notify a change of address should do so using forms at the
following address.
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/bookshop-books.html
Please encourage your library and colleagues to purchase a set.
The huge job of compiling the Proceedings for publication was undertaken
by  the editorial team of M. K. Kasim Moosa, S. Soemodihardjo, A. Nontji,
A. Soegiarto, K. Romimohtarto, Sukarno and Suharsono.   As President of
ISRS (1999-2002), I am very grateful for their efforts, both personally,
and on behalf of the international coral reef community.
With best wishes,
Terry Done
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Old ISRS Symposium Proceedings
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2003 12:04:59 -0800 (PST)
From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear coral-listers.
I've been doing an unsuccessful internet search trying
to find the previous ISRS Symposium Proceedings and
had no luck at all.
I was able to acquire only vols. 3, 5 and 6 of the 5th
Int. Coral Reef Symp.
Does anybody know where should I go in the internet to
get vols. 1, 2 and 4 of the 5th Symp., as well as
where to get the Proceedings of the 6th Symposium and
those earlier if there are still old copies around?
Please, reply directly to coral_giac@yahoo.com. Thanks
in advance.
Edwin
=====
Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Ph.D.
University of Puerto Rico
Department of Biology
Coral Reef Research Group
P.O. Box 23360
San Juan, P.R. 00931-3360
Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855; Fax (787) 764-2610
__________________________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Shopping - Send Flowers for Valentine's Day
http://shopping.yahoo.com
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Old ISRS Symposium Proceedings
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2003 15:41:24 -0600 (CST)
From: "Daphne G. Fautin" <fautin@lark.cc.ku.edu>
To: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
CC: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Edwin and others,
Periodically, the list of titles and publishers is published in REEF
ENCOUNTER.  One is in volume 24, which is available on line.  The URL is
http://www.uncwil.edu/isrs/reef-encounter/re24/24reef.pdf
Daphne
On Tue, 18 Feb 2003, Hernandez Edwin wrote:
 > Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2003 12:04:59 -0800 (PST)
 > From: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
 > To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
 > Subject: Old ISRS Symposium Proceedings
 >
 > Dear coral-listers.
 >
 > I've been doing an unsuccessful internet search trying
 > to find the previous ISRS Symposium Proceedings and
 > had no luck at all.
 >
 > I was able to acquire only vols. 3, 5 and 6 of the 5th
 > Int. Coral Reef Symp.
 >
 > Does anybody know where should I go in the internet to
 > get vols. 1, 2 and 4 of the 5th Symp., as well as
 > where to get the Proceedings of the 6th Symposium and
 > those earlier if there are still old copies around?
 >
 > Please, reply directly to coral_giac@yahoo.com. Thanks
 > in advance.
 >
 > Edwin
 >
 > =====
 > Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Ph.D.
 > University of Puerto Rico
 > Department of Biology
 > Coral Reef Research Group
 > P.O. Box 23360
 > San Juan, P.R. 00931-3360
 > Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855; Fax (787) 764-2610
 >
Daphne G. Fautin
Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Curator, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
Haworth Hall
University of Kansas
1200 Sunnyside Avenue
Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7534  USA
telephone 1-785-864-3062
fax 1-785-864-5321
for e-mail, please use fautin@ku.edu
website www.nhm.ku.edu/~inverts
7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY 6-11 July 2003
        (including the 2003 North American meeting of the
             International Society for Reef Studies)
     for details, go to http://web.nhm.ukans.edu/inverts/iccb/
       direct to database of hexacorals, including sea anemones
               newest version released 31 January 2003
           *** http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Hexacoral/Biodata/ ***
--
  All programmers are optimists  -- Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: summer course at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2003 13:41:16 -1000
From: Greta Smith Aeby <greta@hawaii.edu>
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
The Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology is pleased to announce its 2003
Edwin W. Pauley Summer Program, ASSESSING THE HEALTH OF PACIFIC CORALS,
June 9  June 28, 2003.
Specific Topics include: Identification and surveying of stressed
corals, histopathology of corals (Ester Peters, Debbie Santavy);
Physiological determinants of coral health (Craig Downs, Cheryl
Woodley), Microbial ecology of coral reefs (Forest Rohwer).
Participants:  Graduate level students or working professionals.  Limit
12 students.
Credit:  college credit can be obtained through the University of
Hawaii.
Application:  deadline March 30; application form is available on our
website: http://www.hawaii.edu/HIMB/Education/pauley.html
For more information contact:  Dr. Greta Aeby
Email: greta@hawaii.edu
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Identification of Octocorals
Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2003 08:33:13 -0500
From: "Craig Bonn" <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA
To: "coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list-daily@aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Listers, I am involved in a research project in Florida Bay looking at
species composition in the release channels that lie between the banks.  The
hardbottom channels contain hardcorals as well as numerous gorgonians.  I
need help in identifying the gorgonians to at least the genus level.  I took
video with closeups of the gorgonians and was wondering if there is anyone
that could take a look and help me in their identification.  So far, I have
identified a few:  Plexaurella nutans; Briareum asbestinum; and
Pseudoplexaura spp. from the video.  Im not an expert and was hoping that
someone could direct me to someone with some expertise.  Thanks
CS Bonn
  Craig Steven Bonn <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  Biological Fisheries Technician
  NOAA/NOS/CCFHR
  Seagrass Ecology
  Craig Steven Bonn
  Biological Fisheries Technician  <Craig.Bonn@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NOS/CCFHR
  Seagrass Ecology
  101 Pivers Island Road           Cellular: 252-725-4794
  Beaufort                         Fax: 252-728-8784
  North Carolina                   Home: 252-354-5370
  28516                            Work: 252-728-8777
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name  Bonn
  First Name Craig Steven
  Version    2.1
Subject: Re: Old ISRS Symposium Proceedings
Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2003 08:28:55 -0600 (CST)
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: Hernandez Edwin <coral_giac@yahoo.com>
CC: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Edwin and Listers,
Doug Fenner shot this reminder across the list in January 2000 regarding
the proceedings:
   Complete information on how to order all the Coral Reef Symposium
Proceedings are available in Reef Encounter 24, Dec. 1998, page 9.  You
can
read Reef Encounter on the ISRS (International Society for Reef Studies)
web site at http://www.uncwil.edu/isrs/   Click on Reef Encounter on the
left, then click on Issue 24, and go to page 9.
Cheers,
Rich Aronson
Vice President, ISRS
On Tue, 18 Feb 2003, Hernandez Edwin wrote:
> Dear coral-listers.
>
> I've been doing an unsuccessful internet search trying
> to find the previous ISRS Symposium Proceedings and
> had no luck at all.
>
> I was able to acquire only vols. 3, 5 and 6 of the 5th
> Int. Coral Reef Symp.
>
> Does anybody know where should I go in the internet to
> get vols. 1, 2 and 4 of the 5th Symp., as well as
> where to get the Proceedings of the 6th Symposium and
> those earlier if there are still old copies around?
>
> Please, reply directly to coral_giac@yahoo.com. Thanks
> in advance.
>
> Edwin
>
> =====
> Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Ph.D.
> University of Puerto Rico
> Department of Biology
> Coral Reef Research Group
> P.O. Box 23360
> San Juan, P.R. 00931-3360
> Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855; Fax (787) 764-2610
>
> __________________________________________________
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Yahoo! Shopping - Send Flowers for Valentine's Day
> http://shopping.yahoo.com
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject:
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2003 11:46:45 -0500
From: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu
           with ESMTP for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov;
           Tue, 18 Feb 2003 10:46:00 -0500
Message-Id: <5.1.0.14.0.20030218104613.02803180@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu>
X-Sender: dgleason@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Version 5.1
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2003 10:47:50 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Danny Gleason <dgleason@gasou.edu>
Subject: Tropical Marine Biology Summer Course
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"; format=flowed
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list
Greetings All,
I would appreciate it if you could make your students aware of our
Tropical Marine Biology summer course that will be held at Lee Stocking
Island, Bahamas during July 21 - August 4, 2003. This class usually
fills up fast and we can only take 12 students. Students will receive 4
semester hours of transfer credit (undergraduate or graduate) as long as
their home institution agrees to it. More information about the course
can be found at the following web site:
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Trop_Mar_Biol/TMB_Home_Page.html
Thanks for your help!
Cheers,
Danny
**************************************
Daniel Gleason
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University
P.O. Box 8042
Statesboro, GA  30460-8042
Phone: 912-681-5957
FAX: 912-681-0845
E-mail: dgleason@gasou.edu
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Gleason-home.html
**************************************
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: SST Time Series Fagatele Bay, AS
Date: Thu, 20 Feb 2003 22:21:09 -0500
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     Nancy Daschbach <Nancy.Daschbach@noaa.gov>,
     Lara Hansen <Lara.Hansen@WWFUS.ORG>,
     Peter Craig <Peter_Craig@nps.gov>,
     Rusty Brainard <Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov>,
     Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>
NOTICE -- Possible American Samoa Bleaching
http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad/sub/sst_series_fagatele_cur.html
The above time series shows that SSTs at American Samoa have been
flirting with critical levels that would indicate bleaching may be close
at hand.  We understand from P. Craig that some bleaching has indeed
been observed recently at Ofu.  This is in a region where we have seen
Degree Heating Weeks (DHW), that show accumulations of HotSpot values,
beginning to accumulate...presently at 2.6 DHW.  Any observations of
bleaching should be reported at the following address:
http://www.reefbase.org/input/bleachingreport/index.asp
AES
Coral Reef Watch Program
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
                     SST Time Series -- Fagatele Bay, AS
                       [2002-present SST time series]
                              ----------------
                        [2000-2001 SST time series]
                              ----------------
   Coral Bleaching Threshold SST = Maximum Monthly Mean SST + 1 degree C
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
                    Home  |   SST Time Series Index Page
        [NOAA logo]                                       [DOC logo]
                            Contact the Webmaster
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 443-822-3668
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8108
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1
Subject: Hybridization in Acropora (cont.)
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 12:53:50 -0500 (EST)
From: Steven Vollmer <svollmer@oeb.harvard.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
hello coral-listers,
sorry for my untimely response to last weeks thread about hybridization in
acropora (posted by Pedro Alcolado ) with specific reference to a cancun
aquarium colony of a. palmata becoming bushy morph (i have to confess that
i am only a weekly subscriber). Per Dana Williams comment, leading edges
of a. palmata typically form little branchlets which later fuse (this
probably points to its shared common ancestor with a. cervicornis being
branching), but I have also heard of 'frankenstein' colonies of a.
palmata. Most notably, Antonio Ortiz and Hector Ruiz in Puerto Rico
dropped a. palmata branches into deep holes and watched as the colonies
threw out branched runners - so if you stress a. palmata or put colonies
in novel environments (e.g. aquarium and transplants) don't be
surprised if the phenotype goes out of whack.
When you observe prolifera phenotypes apparently coming out of a. palmata
colonies in the field (per Edwin's comment) - it is likely two colonies
one palmata with a prolifera colony interspersed (this is the case for the
lee stocking island, bahamas palmata reef).
Finally, if you find a 'frankenstein' palmata or other caribbean acropora
and are curious - i will gladly genotype it for you.
Best,
steve
___________________________
Steve Vollmer
OEB Harvard University
16 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138
***Current Address***
Palumbi Lab
Hopkins Marine Station
Stanford University
Pacific Grove, CA 93950
ph: 831.655.6210 / fax: 831.375.0693
svollmer@oeb.harvard.edu
___________________________
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: tourism impact on coral reefs
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 12:40:11 -0600
From: "Olson" <olson@cancun.com.mx>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hello, my name is Gabriela Peon and I would like to know if titanium
dioxide, a very common ingredient in sunscreen lotions harms coral reefs,
and if it does, would somebody know which sunscreen brand or active
ingredient is truly harmless to coral reefs.  I live in Cancun, Mexico and
we have thousands of tourists snorkeling and diving on coral reefs every
single day of the year.
Any other valuable information you may have on sunscreen lotions effects on
coral reefs or marine life will be very very much appreciated.
Gabriela Peon
Cancun, Mexico
olson@cancun.com.mx
Subject: Coral Spawning Events for 2003
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 15:01:55 -0500
From: "Beaver, Carl" <Carl.Beaver@fwc.state.fl.us>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Would any members wish to speculate as to the dates of coral spawning in the
western Atlantic for 2003?  Last years prediction (I think by Dr. Alina
Szmant) hit the nail on the head and consequently the Harte Research
Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies was able to observe coral spawning on
the Veracruz reefs for the first time.
Carl Beaver Ph.D.
Associate Research Scientist
Florida Marine Research Institute
100 8th Ave. SE.  St Petersburg, FL  33701-5020
Ph.  727-896-8626 ext 1110 / SC 523-1110
Fx 727-893-1270
e-mail Carl.beaver@fwc.state.fl.us
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Subject: Re: Coral Spawning Events for 2003
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 16:14:02 -0500
From: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: "Beaver, Carl" <Carl.Beaver@fwc.state.fl.us>,
     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Carl (and others):
I feel like I should start an "Alina says... " column, and make it an annual
feature.   I am glad to hear that I was accurate last year!
For summer of 2003:  Alina says...
Full moon of Aug is on Aug 12 at 4:48 am.
Acropora spp will spawn  sometime between Aug 15 and 17 at ca. 10:00 to
10:30 am at  Florida latitudes and ca. 30-60 min earlier further south  (ca.
2 hr after sunset)
Montastraea spp and Diploria strigosa will spawn Aug 18 to 20 at ca. 11 pm
or so in Florida and ca. 30 to 60 min earlier further south. (ca. 3 hr after
sunset)
In exchange for sticking my neck out once again,  I hope those of you lucky
enough to be out there and observe spawning will email me back and let me
know if your observations were on other dates.  We refine our estimates each
year by gathering more observations.
Cheers, and don't step on the corals in the frenzy!
Alina Szmant
P.S.  I am not liable for any errors in my estimates, or any consequences of
your spending your good time and money to be out there those nights.
However, if it works out, you owe me a beer for having saved all the time
and money trying to figure it out for yourself.
At 03:01 PM 2/21/03 -0500, Beaver, Carl wrote:
> Would any members wish to speculate as to the dates of coral spawning in
> the western Atlantic for 2003?  Last years prediction (I think by Dr.
> Alina  Szmant) hit the nail on the head and consequently the Harte
> Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies was able to observe coral
> spawning on the Veracruz reefs for the first time.
>
>
>
> Carl Beaver Ph.D.
> Associate Research Scientist
> Florida Marine Research Institute
> 100 8th Ave. SE.  St Petersburg, FL  33701-5020
> Ph.  727-896-8626 ext 1110 / SC 523-1110
> Fx 727-893-1270
> e-mail Carl.beaver@fwc.state.fl.us
>
>
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
*******************************************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
Professor of Biology
Center for Marine Science
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
5600  Marvin K. Moss Lane
Wilmington  NC  28409-5928
tel:  (910)962-2362  fax:  (910)962-2410
email:  szmanta@uncwil.edu
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/szmanta/
******************************************************************
Subject: RE: Coral Spawning Events for 2003
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 2003 16:37:53 -0500
From: "Brad Rosov" <brosov@TNC.ORG>
To: "Alina M. Szmant" <szmanta@uncwil.edu>,
     "Beaver, Carl" <Carl.Beaver@fwc.state.fl.us>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Going along with this coral spawning thread, I'd like to know if there are
any folks planning on collecting coral spawn this year in the Florida Keys.
I would be interested in teaming up with others.  Alina- if you will under
take this effort again, I'll buy you two beers!
Brad Rosov
Marine Conservation Program Manager
The Nature Conservancy of the Florida Keys
brosov@tnc.org
(305) 745-8402 office
(305) 304-6275 cell
Subject: Re: Coral Spawning Events for 2003
Date: Sat, 22 Feb 2003 08:21:37 +0000
From: "Judith Mendes" <judith_mendes@hotmail.com>
To: szmanta@uncwil.edu, Carl.Beaver@fwc.state.fl.us,
     coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Further south, in the Caribbean (Cayman, Jamaica), it would be best to wait
until after the September full-moon to observe spawning in Montastrea
species. September full-moon = 10th at 16.36 UT. Predicted spawning dates
and time = September 16th - 18th, 21.30 local time (ca. 3.5 hr after
sunset).
Judith Mendes
_________________________________________________________________
Stay in touch with absent friends - get MSN Messenger
http://messenger.msn.co.uk
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Subject: dissertation research
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2003 02:36:25 -0800 (PST)
From: Gemma Franklin <scully_oundle@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hi, i wondered if anyone could help me with getting hold of data on the
coral reefs around cancun and mexico as i'm doing research on the effects of
tourism on coral reefs in the areas. I'd be very grateful for any
information.
many thanks,
 Gem
(university student in Leeds, England)
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Subject: Ricardo Munoz's email
Date: Sun, 23 Feb 2003 11:50:42 -0500
From: Judy Lang/Lynton Land <JandL@rivnet.net>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear all,
I am looking for a current email for M.C. Ricardo Muoz, of
Mrida,Yucatn, Mxico.
(We would like to ask him in which year(s)  he quantified live stony
coral cover in Akumal and Bhia Mdia Luna.)
Many thanks to anyone who can help us locate him.
Judy Lang
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Acropora cervicornis in aquariums
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 19:58:59 +0000
From: "Juan Torres" <jltorres38@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear coral-listers:
I am trying to mantain Acropora cervicornis colonies in outdoor aquariums
for an UV enhanced experiment. Yet, so far I haven't had any luck even
though the aquariums have running seawater, aereation, are being fed, and
the temperature is mantained similar to the one at the reef where the
colonies were removed. All the colonies were removed from less than two feet
of water. When they are put in the aquariums they begin to bleach between
2-4 days after even though the physical conditions remain the same. This is
about the fourth time we try without any luck at all. The seawater is
filtered all the time with sand and UV filters. Do anyone have any
suggestions regarding the maintenance of this species in outdoor aquariums
like these? Any info will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks,
Juan L. Torres
University of PR
Dept. of Marine Sciences
_________________________________________________________________
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: RE: Acropora cervicornis in aquariums
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 21:20:57 +0100
From: "Alf Jacob Nilsen" <ajnilsen@online.no>
To: "Juan Torres" <jltorres38@hotmail.com>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hi Juan,
Are you using an open or closed aquarium system?  If you have a closed one,
protein skimming might help.  Bleaching might also be due to to heavy
light... try put a curtain to block the heaviest sunlight or lower the
corals....
cheers
Alf J
Alf Jacob Nilsen
Bioquatic Photo
4432 Hidrasund, Norway
ajnilsen@online.no
fax: 004738372351
ph:  004738372256
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Juan Torres
Sent: 24. februar 2003 20:59
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Acropora cervicornis in aquariums
Dear coral-listers:
I am trying to mantain Acropora cervicornis colonies in outdoor aquariums
for an UV enhanced experiment. Yet, so far I haven't had any luck even
though the aquariums have running seawater, aereation, are being fed, and
the temperature is mantained similar to the one at the reef where the
colonies were removed. All the colonies were removed from less than two feet
of water. When they are put in the aquariums they begin to bleach between
2-4 days after even though the physical conditions remain the same. This is
about the fourth time we try without any luck at all. The seawater is
filtered all the time with sand and UV filters. Do anyone have any
suggestions regarding the maintenance of this species in outdoor aquariums
like these? Any info will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks,
Juan L. Torres
University of PR
Dept. of Marine Sciences
_________________________________________________________________
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~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
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Subject: Duke Marine Lab Summer Integrated Marine Conservation Program
Date: Mon, 24 Feb 2003 17:31:38 -0500
From: Helen Nearing <hnearing@duke.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
APOLOGIES FOR CROSS LISTINGS
Duke University Integrated Marine Conservation Program
The Duke University Marine Laboratory is offering an unparalleled
educational opportunity from July 7 to August 8, 2003. Duke's Integrated
Marine Conservation Program teaches the principles necessary for the
conservation and preservation of the coastal and oceanic environment. The
focus is on interdisciplinary problem solving--using natural and social
science theory to resolve real world environmental problems.
This program is a tremendous opportunity for students at any level to think
about conservation biology and policy in an environment full of students and
faculty grappling with the same issues. The core class (BIO 109/ENV 209
Conservation Biology and Policy) involves field trips,
discussion groups, role play (in 2002 it was a fishery management scenario),
lecture, and a final project for graduate students that focuses on the
integration of science and policy. Undergraduate students will have a
case-study based final exam. Students will leave the class with an
appreciation of the policy process, as well as with a grounding in the
fundamentals of marine conservation. There may be no other course, anywhere,
that can offer as much in an intensive 5-week summer session.
In addition to the classwork, the session hosts a Distinguished Conservation
Scholar each week to give a lecture, to lead discussions, and to be
available to meet with students on an individual basis. Speakers in the past
have included such scientists as Jane Lubchenco, Jeremy Jackson, Carl
Safina, Jim Estes, and Kai Lee, and non-scientists such as Pulitzer-Prize
winning environmental reporter John McQuaid.
A final and critical dimension to the class comes from the presence of
international students, who often have first-hand knowledge of conservation
battles and have worked to influence environmental policy. Past
international participants have included 51 students from 34 different
countries. In any particular year, we expect 5-15 international fellows.
Interaction with these individuals does much to foster awareness of the
difficulty of implementing conservation at the ground level. If funding is
available several special fellowships will be awarded on a competitive basis
to international students, especially those from developing countries, to
attend BIO 109/ENV 209. The Global Fellows in Marine Conservation
application credentials are due April 1st.
Participants in the Integrated Marine Conservation Program usually enroll in
the program's 'core' course (Conservation Biology and Policy) and one of
seven elective courses offered concurrently (Biology and Conservation of Sea
Turtles; Marine Mammals; Marine Ecology; Marine Invertebrate Zoology;
Barrier Island Ecology; Marine Policy; Independent Research). Enrollment in
any one course is also possible. Applications for the Integrated Marine
Conservation Program will be accepted until the program is full.
Duke University Marine Lab summer tuition scholarships are awarded to either
U.S. or non-U.S. citizens on a competitive basis and cover full tuition for
any one course in Term II. These summer tuition scholarship applications are
due April 1st. Additionally, a grant from Panaphil
Foundation allows the Duke Marine Laboratory to offer three tuition
scholarships to U.S. citizens and three fellowships to international
students attending Biology and Conservation of Sea Turtles. These
applications are due April 1st.
For further information, visit
http://www.env.duke.edu/marinelab/programs/summer2.html or contact
ml_admissions@env.duke.edu; 252/504-7502.
Subject: <no subject>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 01:02:18 -0500
From: "Julian Sprung" <julian@twolittlefishies.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Juan,
Sometimes observers confuse bleaching and tissue loss, and sometimes one
leads into the other. Would you say the corals are just getting pale or are
they dying? When you say "no luck" it sounds like they are dying- that's not
bleaching, or at last not just bleaching.
If your corals are losing tissue after a few days this may be attributed to
bacteria, some other pathogen, and/or a stress response by the coral. That
being an oversimplification perhaps.
Are the corals placed on a white sand/gravel bottom or are they on rocks?
The difference can have a dramatic impact on the light field for the coral.
You are likely to have better luck with them in any case if you maintain a
temperature below 82 degrees F. This will reduce the incidence of problems
with bacterial pathogens and slow their progress if they occur. Therefore a
chiller may help. Place it on a re-circulating loop and feed new seawater
into the exhibit at a slow rate.
Check the oxygen level in your system at night. It may be getting low
(depending on the amount of aeration, circulation, and substrate thickness).
When you say that the tanks have running seawater do you mean open system?
If you are using sand filters, discontinue doing so. No need for them for
this set up, and they may be developing hydrogen sulfide pockets that would
affect oxygen levels, and possibly produce problems with pathogenic
bacteria.
Julian Sprung
-----Original Message-----
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov]On Behalf Of Juan Torres
Sent: 24. februar 2003 20:59
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Acropora cervicornis in aquariums
Dear coral-listers:
I am trying to mantain Acropora cervicornis colonies in outdoor aquariums
for an UV enhanced experiment. Yet, so far I haven't had any luck even
though the aquariums have running seawater, aereation, are being fed, and
the temperature is mantained similar to the one at the reef where the
colonies were removed. All the colonies were removed from less than two feet
of water. When they are put in the aquariums they begin to bleach between
2-4 days after even though the physical conditions remain the same. This is
about the fourth time we try without any luck at all. The seawater is
filtered all the time with sand and UV filters. Do anyone have any
suggestions regarding the maintenance of this species in outdoor aquariums
like these? Any info will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks,
Juan L. Torres
University of PR
Dept. of Marine Sciences
_________________________________________________________________
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http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
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Subject: coral cement ?
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 06:51:52 -0800
From: "Mike Matz" <matz@whitney.ufl.edu>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hi all,
Please - tell me which compound (exact brand name would be most
appreciated!) could be used to cover up the damaged part of the coral colony
underwater, after chiseling off a piece.
(I 'm afraid this is urgent - I have to leave to the field in two days!)
Thanks in advance!
Mike Matz
P.S. Some people were interested, with regard to my previous questions (last
time it was coral histology), what kind of research we are doing. I just put
up a new web page! Check it out:
http://www.whitney.ufl.edu/research_programs/matz.htm
Subject: Symposium on Subaquatic Activities
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 10:25:32 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To listers potentially interested to attent at a sympsosium on Subaquatic
Activities and diving in Cuban coral reefs. See attachment for information.
All the best,
Pedro
Subject: NOAA News Online (Story 1104)
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 13:59:00 -0500
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: "Roger B. Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>,
     Heidi Schuttenberg <Heidi.Schuttenberg@noaa.gov>,
     Rusty Brainard <Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov>,
     Jordan West <West.Jordan@epamail.epa.gov>,
     Karen Koltes <karen_koltes@ios.doi.gov>,
     Jim Hendee <Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov>, Eric Bayler <Eric.Bayler@noaa.gov>,
     William Skirving <William.Skirving@noaa.gov>,
     Marco Noordeloos <M.NOORDELOOS@CGIAR.ORG>,
     Jamie Oliver <J.Oliver@CGIAR.ORG>, Terry Done <TDone@aims.gov.au>,
     "Dr. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" <oveh@uq.edu.au>,
     Ray Berkelmans <r.berkelmans@aims.gov.au>,
     Arthur E Paterson <Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov>,
     Andy Hooten <AHooten@worldbank.org>,
     "Dr. Marea Hatziolos" <mhatziolos@worldbank.org>,
     Rafe Pomerance <RPomerance@aecs-inc.org>
CC: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
NOAA News Story - Press Release -
Degree Heating Week Charts - OPERATIONAL!
http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s1104.htm
AES
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
   NOAA Magazine || NOAA Home Page                               Commerce Dept.
                  NOAA USING SATELLITE DATA TO MONITOR HEAT STRESSES ON CORAL REEFS
  [NOAA satellite image of Degree Heating Weeks for the past 12 weeks taken Feb. 25, 2003.]February
                                                                                           25, 2003
   NOAA scientists are using satellite data to monitor the long-term effects of heat stresses on
  several coral reefs throughout the world. While the scientists have been monitoring the stresses
  for some time, the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service is now
  providing an operational product called Degree Heating Week. (Click NOAA satellite image for
  larger view of Degree Heating Weeks for the past 12 weeks taken Feb. 25, 2003. Click here for
  DHW.)
  Degree Heating Weeks have been available experimentally for some time, said Dr. Alan Strong,
  coordinator of Coral Reef Watch at NOAA Satellite and Information Services. Turning operational
  means that coral reef managers and stake holders will now have up-to-date, accurate, and reliable
  information on the status of their reefs and may be able to take active measures to prevent
  further damage if their site has a high DHW rating.
  Using satellite-derived information, DHWs continuously monitor the cumulative thermal stress of
  several coral reefs throughout the globe, including Australias Great Barrier Reef, Galapagos,
  the Bahamas and others. The extent and acuteness of thermal stress, key predictors of coral
  bleaching, contribute to coral reef degradation worldwide.
  Coral reefs compose a large and integral part of the coastal ocean, supporting a variety of sea
  life and providing resources of significant economic importance. Coral bleaching occurs as coral
  tissue expels zooxanthellae, a symbiotic algae essential to coral survival that resides within
  the structure of the coral. Bleaching is induced by high water temperatures.
  A Degree Heating Week is designed to indicate the accumulated stress experienced by coral reefs.
  For example, if the current temperature of a reef site exceeds the maximum expected summertime
  temperature by one degree Celsius, then the site receives a rating of 1 DHW. If the current
  temperature at the site is two degrees Celsius above the maximum expected summertime temperature
  or one degree above for a period of two weeks, the site would receive a rating of 2 DHWs, and so
  on.
  With the operational product, NOAA Satellite and Information Services will provide continuous
  technical support on a 24-hour, seven-day basis, and will maintain a Web site which will be
  updated twice a week.
  NOAA Satellite and Information Services is the nations primary source of space-based
  meteorological and climate data. NOAA Satellite and Information Services operates the nation's
  environmental satellites, which are used for weather and ocean observation and forecasting,
  climate monitoring and other environmental applications. Applications include sea-surface
  temperature, fire detection and ozone monitoring.
  NOAA Satellite and Information Services also operates three data centers, which house global data
  bases in climatology, oceanography, solid earth geophysics, marine geology and geophysics,
  solar-terrestrial physics, and paleoclimatology.
  NOAA is dedicated to enhancing economic security and national safety through the prediction and
  research of weather and climate-related events and providing environmental stewardship of the
  nations coastal and marine resources. NOAA is part of the U. S. Department of Commerce.
  Relevant Web Sites
  NOAAs Degree Heating Week
  NOAA Satellite and Information Services
  NOAA's Coral Reef
  Media Contact:
  Patricia Viets, NOAA Satellite and Information Services, (301) 457-5005
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 410-490-6602
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8572
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1
Subject: more on A cervicornis experiments
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 22:35:05 +0000
From: "Juan Torres" <jltorres38@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Coral Listers:
Here is more information regarding my experiments with A cervicornis that
might answer some of the questions that were asked. Sorry I didn't give it
before.
1) The main reason of the experiment is to measure the effect of enhaced UV
radiation on two coral species: A cervicornis and P furcata. Even though I
have had these problems with A cervicornis, I did not have any problems with
P furcata. The samples from both species were collected from the same depth
at the reef (1-1.5m), tied to wire frames which are covered with plastic,
and kept acclimatizing on the reef at <1m depth for a month. After the month
they were inspected and all the colonies from both species were perfectly
fine. All  the corals were placed in the aquariums less than 30 minutes from
removing them from the reef and were maintained with aereation during the
trip to the aquariums. The aquariums have a 30 gallon capacity and only 3-4
colonies with between 6-8 branches were put inside each aquarium.
The aquariums were not covered with any mesh or shading cloth because the
PAR and UV light regime measured were similar to the ones measured from they
were ketp acclimatizing. The control aquariums are being kept under normal
(no shading) sunlight and others are under UV lamps which are turned on only
two hours during the day (between 11:00am-1:00pm) which results in an
average 5% increase in the dose the control ones are recieving. Other
aquariums are under a Hyzod panel that filters 99% of the UV radiation
reaching the aquariums. Yet, I might try covering the aquariums with some
mesh and see if this results.
2) This is an open water system, the salinity has been monitored and is
between 34-35ppt all the time, and the temperature measured with HOBO
thermometers fluctuates between 27oC at night and 29.5oC at noon, which
compares to the temperature that is currently being measured at the reef
where they were removed (between 26.7-30oC). We have not made analysis on
nutrients.
3) I believe, after reading Julian Sprung's e-mail, that it may be both
bleaching and RTN happening since it begins with a discoloration of the
colonies and after 1-2 days the tissue can be seen to hang from the skeleton
in most of the colonies.
Yet, I sincerely appreciate all the information posted and any other will be
greatly appreciated too!
Regards,
Juan L. Torres
University of PR
Dept. of Marine Sciences
_________________________________________________________________
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Subject: RE: carrying capacity
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 2003 17:36:23 -0800
From: "Oliver, Jamie (WorldFish)" <j.oliver@cgiar.org>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Coral Listers,
For your information, the paper referred to by James Spurgeon in this recent
discussion thread is now available for download from ReefBase. (Search in
the Literature area for Author = Spurgeon and year =2003)
In addition, my paper on Limits of Acceptable Change is also on ReefBase.
(Search in Literature for Author = Oliver and year = 1995)
I would like to urge other members of the list to take advantage of the
upload facility of ReefBase to share any (non copyright) reports with the
general coral reef community by putting them onto ReefBase (go to User
Input/ literature).  If the upload interface is a deterrent, just email me
any material and I will upload it myself.
The Literature section of ReefBase now has over 14,000 references relating
to coral reefs, and nearly 1000 of these have links to full text. For a list
of recently added references that have access to full text see
http://www.reefbase.org/pdf/ReefBase Literature Recent Additions (full
text).doc
Best Regards
Jamie Oliver
==================================================
                 ReefBase www.reefbase.org
ReefBase is developed by the WorldFish Center.
It is a product of the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN).
It is supported by the United Nations Foundation (UNF)
and the Swedish International Development Agency (Sida)
====================================================
===============================
Jamie Oliver
Senior Scientist (Coral Reef Projects)
WorldFish Center
PO Box 500, Penang 10670
Phone: (604) 626 1606
Fax: (604) 626 5530
email:  J.Oliver@cgiar.org
visit ReefBase on:  www.reefbase.org
===============================
Subject: FW: [Fwd: NOAA Seeks Comments on Ways to Restore Injured Coral an
     d Seagrass]
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2003 13:40:32 -0600
From: "Precht, Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
 FYI - See Below
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: February 26, 2003
CONTACT:    Cheva Heck
                       Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
                       305.292.0311, ext. 26
                       305.304.0179 (cell)
NOAA Seeks Comments on Ways to Restore Injured Coral and Seagrass
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will host two public
scooping meetings to obtain input on proposed methods to restore or replace
coral and seagrass habitat destroyed by incidents such as boat groundings or
anchor damage.
NOAA is preparing programmatic environmental impact statements (PEIS) that
describe methods and guidelines for coral and seagrass restoration projects
in the Florida Keys and Flower Garden Banks (off the Texas cost) national
marine sanctuaries. Preparing these statements will help speed preparation
of environmental assessments and individual restoration plans for specific
sites and contribute to faster restoration of injured coral and seagrass
areas.
NOAA is also accepting written comments on the documents through April 15,
2003. NOAA expects to complete both the coral and seagrass environmental
impact statements by March 2004.
What:  Public scoping meetings on coral and seagrass restoration techniques
When: Thursday, March 6, 2003
  Afternoon meeting: 2:00 to 4:00 pm.
  Evening meeting: 7:00 to 9:00 p.m.
Where:  Marathon Garden Club, 5270 Overseas Highway, gulfside.
Contact: Harriet Sopher, 301.713.3145, ext. 109 or harriet.sopher@noaa.gov.
                                     ###
Subject: Re: FW: [Fwd: NOAA Seeks Comments on Ways to Restore Injured Coral and
     Seagrass]
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 2003 15:34:10 -0500
From: "Cheva Heck" <Cheva.Heck@noaa.gov>
To: "Precht Bill" <Bprecht@pbsj.com>
CC: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Hi, Bill.
I appreciate your keeping the list informed, but I believe you unfortunately
obtained an earlier version of this notice that contains two errors. First
of all, we are obviously holding "scoping" meetings, as opposed to
"scooping" meetings, although I am sure our local reporters would be
appreciative if these meetings produced some scoops. Second, as I'm sure
G.P. Schmahl will agree, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary is
off the Texas coast, not the Texas cost. Sorry, G.P.!
I apologize for the errors.
Cheva
"Precht, Bill" wrote:
>
>
> FYI - See Below
>
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
> FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: February 26, 2003
>
> CONTACT:    Cheva Heck
>                        Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
>                        305.292.0311, ext. 26
>                        305.304.0179 (cell)
>
> NOAA Seeks Comments on Ways to Restore Injured Coral and Seagrass
>
> The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will host two public
> scooping meetings to obtain input on proposed methods to restore or
> replace coral and seagrass habitat destroyed by incidents such as boat
> groundings or anchor damage.
>
> NOAA is preparing programmatic environmental impact statements (PEIS) that
> describe methods and guidelines for coral and seagrass restoration
> projects in the Florida Keys and Flower Garden Banks (off the Texas cost)
> national marine sanctuaries. Preparing these statements will help speed
> preparation of environmental assessments and individual restoration plans
> for specific sites and contribute to faster restoration of injured coral
> and seagrass areas.
>
> NOAA is also accepting written comments on the documents through April 15,
> 2003. NOAA expects to complete both the coral and seagrass environmental
> impact statements by March 2004.
>
> What:  Public scoping meetings on coral and seagrass restoration
> techniques
>
> When: Thursday, March 6, 2003
>   Afternoon meeting: 2:00 to 4:00 pm.
>   Evening meeting: 7:00 to 9:00 p.m.
>
> Where:  Marathon Garden Club, 5270 Overseas Highway, gulfside.
>
> Contact: Harriet Sopher, 301.713.3145, ext. 109 or
> harriet.sopher@noaa.gov.
>
>                                    ###
>
>
>
>
>
>
Subject:
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 12:13:37 +0200 (IST)
From: gefenyov@post.tau.ac.il
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
hello to you all
i'm using a fluorescence prob to detect bacteria inside stone corals.
i'm checking crushed tissue sampels and cross sections (10 microns depth)of
the
coral.
i have a serious problem of auto fluorescence of both crushed and whole
sampels
on the same wavelength i'm using for my probs (490, 630 and 540 nm).
the auto fluorescence is produced by the algea and by the coral tissue
itself.
i'm looking for a technique to decrease the auto fluorescence using
prehybridization washing or some other method.
thanks
Yuval Gefen
department of molecular microbiology
Tel-aviv university, Israel.
gefenyov@post.tau.ac.il
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Subject: Again Symposium on Subaquatic Activities
Date: Thu, 27 Feb 2003 12:02:28 -0500
From: "Pedro Alcolado" <alcolado@ama.cu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: El Nio: Research, Forecasts and Observations
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 2003 11:06:31 -0500
From: "Alan E Strong" <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
El Nino gives way to return to upwelling off South America and
Galapagos...
http://www.elnino.noaa.gov/
--
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *******
Alan E. Strong
Team Leader, Marine Applications Science Team (MAST)
Coral Reef Watch Project Coordinator
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
             301-763-8102 x170
              FAX: 301-763-8572
  http://orbit-net.nesdis.noaa.gov/orad
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    U.S. Department of
        Commerce
   National Oceanic and
       Atmospheric                         [NOAA El Nio page]
     Administration
   [Dept of Commerce]
          [NOAA]
 [{short description of image}]
 [{short description of image}]
                   [Image]
   El Nio is a disruption
   of the ocean-atmosphere
    system in the Tropical
  Pacific having important
  consequences for weather
    and climate around the
                    globe.
      NOAA is the National          [NOAA/NESDIS latest SST anomalies]
   Oceanic and Atmospheric
 Administration, which has
  primary responsibilities
   for providing forecasts
      to the Nation, and a
        leadership role in
        sponsoring El Nio
          observations and
                 research.
        [What is El Nio?]
                           What is El Nio? What's happening today?
                NOAA Sites A comprehensive listing of NOAA El Nio sites:
                           Forecasts
                           Observations
                           Research
        More about El Nio Comprehensive Index of more sites
                           Educational sites
                           Animations and Graphics [New!]
                           non-NOAA sites
                           Impact [New!]
                   La Nia La Nia is associated with cooler than normal water
                           temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Links
                           on this page will have detailed information on
                           processes involved in, and the status of La Nia.
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Credits | Disclaimer | feedback: webmaster@www.noaa.gov
 Last updated: February 28, 2002
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D. <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  Oceanographer/Team Leader
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  Alan E. Strong, Ph. D.
  Oceanographer/Team Leader                 <Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov>
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA
  Oceanic Research & Applications Division
  NOAA Science Center 5200 Auth Road        Cellular: 410-490-6602
  Camp Springs                              Fax: 301-763-8572
  MD                                        Work: 301-763-8102 x170
  20746
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Strong
  First Name    Alan E.
  Version       2.1
Subject: Coral Literature on the Web
Date: Mon, 3 Mar 2003 11:56:11 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In response to Jamie Oliver's recent notice on coral literature, I would
also
like to point out at least two other good
sources:
The CHAMP Literature Page:
    http://www.coral.noaa.gov/bib/literature.shtml
...and NOAA's Coral Reef Information (CoRIS) System Web Page:
    http://www.coris.noaa.gov/library/welcome.html
    Cheers,
    Jim
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Subject: Brief test.
Date: Mon, 03 Mar 2003 14:37:39 -0500
From: "Louis Florit" <Louis.Florit@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
This is a final test to verify a software upgrade.  Please ignore.
Thank you.
Louis Florit
Coral-List Sysadmin
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Pressure classification methodology?
Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 14:58:26 +0000
From: "sarah hamylton" <sarahhamylton@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hello everyone,
I was wondering if someone could advise me on some work I am doing for my
dissertation. I am seeking a classification scheme for categorising reefs on
the basis of the pressure they are under. Thus far, I have only been able to
find a report that uses distance from the nearest populated area- this is
included in my data set but doesn't give any indication of the type of
pressure. I am not really interested in quantifying the impact intensity,
just classifying reefs based on the presence of each pressure. The data set
I have is similar to a Reefcheck one- it assesses a number of pressures on a
semi-quantitative scale- rating presence from none to heavy. Im tempted to
make up my own classification scheme, assigning weights to the different
influences and then attempting to justify the weightings I have used.
Justification would be based on impact magnitude in terms of frequency/
damage potential. Maybe also incorporating papers written on influences that
are known to be particularly problematic in the study area. I cant help
thinking that this will become a little subjective though, I am tempted to
weight the presence of sewage pollution heavier than tourist diving as the
latter is present at all my study sites whereas the former only has a
presence at three out of twenty two study sites. Does anyone know of any set
methodologies for categorising individual reefs on the basis anthropogenic
pressures present?
Any help would be much appreciated.
Thanks,
Sarah Hamylton.
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Subject: RE: Pressure classification methodology?
Date: Tue, 4 Mar 2003 14:52:49 -0500
From: "John McManus" <jmcmanus@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: "sarah hamylton" <sarahhamylton@hotmail.com>,
     <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
 Both the global and Southeast Asian Reefs at Risk studies (and the current
one for the Caribbean) involved categorizing reefs based on potential
pressures, to the best we could determine without the expense of visiting
each reef (http://www.wri.org/wri/reefsatrisk/}. There is a classification
scheme for levels of overfishing, particularly on reefs, based on market
surveys in:
Subject: Re: Pressure classification methodology?
Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 09:10:04 +1000
From: Jon Brodie <jon.brodie@jcu.edu.au>
Organization: ACTFR
To: sarah hamylton <sarahhamylton@hotmail.com>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
sarah hamylton wrote:
>
>
> Hello everyone,
>
> I was wondering if someone could advise me on some work I am doing for my
> dissertation. I am seeking a classification scheme for categorising
> reefs on the basis of the pressure they are under. Thus far, I have only
> been able to find a report that uses distance from the nearest populated
> area- this is included in my data set but doesn't give any indication of
> the type of pressure. I am not really interested in quantifying the
> impact intensity, just classifying reefs based on the presence of each
> pressure. The data set I have is similar to a Reefcheck one- it assesses
> a number of pressures on a semi-quantitative scale- rating presence from
> none to heavy. Im tempted to make up my own classification scheme,
> assigning weights to the different influences and then attempting to
> justify the weightings I have used. Justification would be based on
> impact magnitude in terms of frequency/ damage potential. Maybe also
> incorporating papers written on influences that are known to be
> particularly problematic in the study area. I cant help thinking that
> this will become a little subjective though, I am tempted to weight the
> presence of sewage pollution heavier than tourist diving as the latter
> is present at all my study sites whereas the former only has a presence
> at three out of twenty two study sites. Does anyone know of any set
> methodologies for categorising individual reefs on the basis
> anthropogenic pressures present?
>
> Any help would be much appreciated.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Sarah Hamylton.
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Add photos to your messages with MSN 8. More info here.
> <http://g.msn.com/8HMXENUK/2749> ~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing
> and unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please see
> http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Hi Sarah
Have you seen the Price et al 1998 paper on just such a methodology for
the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia - in Environmental Conservation 25(1):
65-76. The Reefs at Risk approach is also worth a look - see Bryant et
al, 1998 'Reefs at Risk' published by WRI, ICLARM WCMC and UNEP.
regards
Jon Brodie
Principal Research Scientist
Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research
James Cook University
Townsville, Australia
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Pressure classification methodology?
Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 01:11:27 -0500
From: Judy Lang/Lynton Land <JandL@rivnet.net>
To: Bob Buddemeier <buddrw@kgs.ku.edu>
CC: sarah hamylton <sarahhamylton@hotmail.com>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Bob,
Excellent point!
Besides planting trees wherever we can, what on Earth (and underwater,
of course) are members of the coral-list who worry about the effects of
climate change supposed to do when most visits to our field sites are
associated with the release of masses of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere?
Judy Lang
> And a final point -- in an era of  disease, bleaching, and climate
> change, it may be pretty short-sighted to do pressure assessments only
> on the basis of local anthropogenic factors, and essentially
> impossible to interpret or understand reef 'responses' only in those
> terms.
>
> Bob Buddemeier
>
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Subject: Reef pressure
Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 09:15:36 -0000
From: "Nicholas Polunin" <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: <sarahhamylton@hotmail.com>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sarah
For your info, my group has done a lot of work relating ecological
differences at the level of whole traditional Fijian fishing grounds to
a fishing pressure index. The index is simply the number of residents
per unit area or unit length of reef habitat. See for example the
references: (1) Jennings S, Polunin NVC 1996. Effects of fishing on the
biomass and structure of target reef fish communities. Journal of
Applied Ecology 33: 400-412 (2) Jennings S, Polunin NVC 1996. Fishery
development, fishing strategies and socioeconomics in Fijian qoliqoli.
Fisheries Management and Ecology 3: 335-347 (3) Jennings S, Polunin NVC
1997. Impacts of predator depletion by fishing on the biomass and
diversity of non-target reef fish communities. Coral Reefs 16: 71-82 (4)
Polunin NVC, Jennings S 1998. Differential effects of small-scale
fishing on predatory and prey fishes on Fijian reefs. pp 95-124 In: D.M.
Newbery, H.H.T. Prins & N. Brown (Eds) Dynamics of Tropical Communities,
Symposia of the British Ecological Society 37. Blackwell, Oxford. (5)
Jennings S, Reynolds JR, Polunin NVC 1999. Predicting the vulnerability
of tropical reef fishes to exploitation: an approach based on
phylogenies and life histories. Conservation Biology 13: 1466-1475 (6)
Dulvy NK, Mitchell RE, Watson D, Sweeting C, Polunin NVC 2002. Spatial
scale-dependent top-down control of mesoinvertebrates along a Fijian
fishing gradient. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology
278: 1-29
In one case we have used fishing licences per unit of reef area. See:
Cooke A, Polunin NVC, Moce K 2000. Comparative assessment of stakeholder
management in traditional Fijian fishing-grounds. Environmental
Conservation 27: 291-299
The fishing index can be validated in terms of our previous work with
logbook surevys in some of the grounds. See: (1) Jennings S, Polunin NVC
1995. Comparative size and composition of yield from six Fijian reef
fisheries. Journal of Fish Biology 46: 28-46 (2) Jennings S, Polunin NVC
1995. Relationships between catch and effort in Fijian multispecies reef
fisheries subject to different levels of exploitation. Fisheries
Management and Ecology 2: 89-101 (3) Jennings S, Polunin NVC 1995.
Biased underwater visual census biomass estimates for target species in
tropical reef fisheries. Journal of Fish Biology 47: 733-736
Clearly this won't work everywhere, for example in locations where human
population density and/or reef arrea are related to other disturbing
factors such as fertilizer use and thus nutrient input to the sea.
Nick Polunin
Reader, Marine Science & Technology
Newcastle University
T +44 (0)191 222 6675 F - 7891
Schl www.ncl.ac.uk/marine/staff
ICEF Conf 2003 www.icef.eawag.ch/
ISRS Conf 2004 www.plando.co.jp/icrs2004
Jrnl http://uk.cambridge.org/journals/enc/
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Subject: RE: Information about Cabo Pulmo in Baja California Sur, Mexico
Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 10:26:15 -0600
From: "Dr. Fernando Perez-Castillo" <fperez@cicese.mx>
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear all:
I am planning to do a monitoring programme in the 'Parque Nacional Cabo
Pulmo' in Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Cabo Pulmo was declared a Natural Protected Area in June 6, 1995, and it has
a total surface of 7100 has (71 sq. Km). It is located at 23 d 22 m 30 s -
23 d 30 m 00 s and 109 d 28 m 03 s - 109 d 23 m 00 s approximately. Cabo
Pulmo Park is located between La Paz and San Jose del Cabo, Baja California
Sur, Mexico.
The National Park of Cabo Pulmo supports the most extensive growth of coral
in the Gulf of California and its biological diversity is one of the highest
in the West Coast of Mexico. Pulmo Reef supports the most extensive growth
of coral in the Gulf of California. There are species from Panama,
California and Cortez Provinces and its edge has been calculated around
25000 years.
Before Cabo Pulmo was declared National Park, the commercial (mainly Pearl
Oyster) and sport fisheries had an adverse pressure on the reef resources.
Now thanks to the decree those activities started to be regulated. However,
the general tourism increase in the region and in particular the sport
diving in the reef are new pressures that need to be taken into account if
we want to preserve this singular reef. In addition, the new federal
government development proposal 'Escalera Nautica' to be carried out along
and across the Gulf of California will bring new pressures to the Pulmo
Reef.
My field is related to biogeochemical cycles and in particular I am
interested in fluxes of organic matter.
Any suggestions of what needs to be considered to start a continuous and
simple monitoring programme in Pulmo Reef with the objective of have a base
line of the physicochemical conditions of the reef.
Sincerely yours
Fernando Perez-Castillo
=========================================
Dr. Fernando Prez Castillo
CICESE - Unidad Baja California Sur - Biogeoqumica
Miraflores 334
Fraccionamiento Bellavista
La Paz,  Baja California Sur  CP 23050
MEXICO
Tel/Fax (01)-612-121-3031 (nacional)
Tel/Fax (52)-612-121-3031 (international)
e-mail: fperez@cicese.mx
=========================================
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Lithophaga genus - sediment producers?
Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 16:39:16 GMT
From: "Iain Macdonald" <I.Macdonald@mmu.ac.uk>
Organization: Manchester Metropolitan University
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: Karl.Kleeman@univie.ac.at, reef@mailup.univ-mrs.fr, peyrot@com.univ-mrs.fr
Dear all
I was originally under the assumption that Lithophaga boring
bivalves do not produce any carbonate sediment when they bore
into coral skeletons due to their mode of boring - chemical
digestion. However, a short extract from Adjas et al. (1990) has
put a bit of doubt on this assumption. They and Peyrot-Clausade
(pers comm) in previously cited paper, mention the production
of very fine (1 to 5 microns) carbonate needles. I was
wondering if any of you could resolve this fact for me.
Thanks
Iain Macd.
Adjas, A., Masse, J-P., Montaggioni, L.F. (1990). "Fine-
grained carbonates in early reef environments: Mataiva and
Takapoto atolls, Central Pacific Ocean." Sedimentary Geology
67: 115-132.
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Subject: Re: Pressure classification methodology?
Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 10:43:07 -0600
From: Bob Buddemeier <buddrw@kgs.ku.edu>
Organization: Kansas Geological Survey
To: sarah hamylton <sarahhamylton@hotmail.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sarah,
Nick Polunin has pointed out that there are good ways to get indicators or
proxies for single variables or clusters of closely related effects.  The
issue is very different once you try to do some sort of multi-variate but
quantitative assessment.  My opinion is that the Reefs at Risk approach is
about as detailed, as well tested and justified, and as useful as one can
hope for, and although it could be 'tuned' for specific locales or concerns,
it's a wheel that not only doesn't need reinventing, but also one that
probably can't realistically be improved on a whole lot (see below).
There are whole schools of analysis devoted to this sort of thing -- Kerry
Turner and his colleagues like the PSIR (Pressure-State-Impact-Response)
conceptual model; you can find out more about that by going to :
http://www.nioz.nl/loicz/firstpages/products/fp-products.htm, and under the
Reports and Studies category go to R&S #11 (downloadable pdf file).
 Personally, I do not find this approach terribly useful for serious
quantitative analysis, but it does raise some very important conceptual
points -- specifically, by separating pressure from impact and including the
state of the system. The same amount of nutrient dumped on a well-flushed
fore-reef and in a relatively stagnant lagoon will have very different
impacts -- and hence, operationally, be functionally different pressures.
 Similarly, response to coral mortality will depend on the reproductive
strategies and potentials of the survivors and on connectivity to other
sources of propagules.
I would suggest that a lot of work has been done on classifying reef
vulnerability by looking outward toward the stresses; I don't think the
level of systematic classification of the relation of reef community
characteristics (areal size, diversity, cover/population, regional and local
environmental settings, recent history of stress or damage, etc.) to
vulnerability has kept up with that, and at local-to-regional scales that is
a key component.
I am a little confused by your request -- you say "I am not really
interested in quantifying the impact intensity, just classifying reefs based
on the presence of each pressure." but you continue to say "Justification
would be based on impact magnitude in terms of frequency/ damage potential."
 ???
If you are looking at impacts you are going to need to deal with
nonlinearities, thresholds, and synergies -- reducing salinity from 34 to 28
psu might not have too much effect; reducing it from 28 to 22 would likely
be catastrophic.  And the outcome of the catastrophe would depend on how
much sediment and nutrient loading came with the fresh water [ Suggestion --
test whatever classification system you come up with against the
well-documented history of Kaneohe Bay].  This raises a number of other
issues -- we tend to think of anthropogenic impacts in terms of how much
foreign stuff people dump in the water or how many organisms they kill, but
the second-order pressures resulting from land and water use can have major
effects that aren't fully considered (floods, for example, may be either
controlled or exacerbated by human activity).
And a final point -- in an era of  disease, bleaching, and climate change,
it may be pretty short-sighted to do pressure assessments only on the basis
of local anthropogenic factors, and essentially impossible to interpret or
understand reef 'responses' only in those terms.
Bob Buddemeier
sarah hamylton wrote:
> Hello everyone,
>
> I was wondering if someone could advise me on some work I am doing for my
> dissertation. I am seeking a classification scheme for categorising reefs
> on the basis of the pressure they are under. Thus far, I have only been
> able to find a report that uses distance from the nearest populated area-
> this is included in my data set but doesn't give any indication of the
> type of pressure. I am not really interested in quantifying the impact
> intensity, just classifying reefs based on the presence of each pressure.
> The data set I have is similar to a Reefcheck one- it assesses a number of
> pressures on a semi-quantitative scale- rating presence from none to
> heavy. Im tempted to make up my own classification scheme, assigning
> weights to the different influences and then attempting to justify the
> weightings I have used. Justification would be based on impact magnitude
> in terms of frequency/ damage potential. Maybe also incorporating papers
> written on influences that are known to be particularly problematic in the
> study area. I cant help thinking that this will become a little
> subjective though, I am tempted to weight the presence of sewage pollution
> heavier than tourist diving as the latter is present at all my study sites
> whereas the former only has a presence at three out of twenty two study
> sites. Does anyone know of any set methodologies for categorising
> individual reefs on the basis anthropogenic pressures present?
>
> Any help would be much appreciated.
>
> Thanks,
>
Subject: Re: Reef pressure
Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 09:08:14 -0800
From: Tegan Churcher Hoffmann <thoffmann@coral.org>
To: <sarahhamylton@hotmail.com>
CC: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, Kalli De Meyer <kdm@coral.org>
Dear Sarah,
I did a study in Fiji and the Cook Islands comparing reefs that had
different levels of economic development, population, pressure, land-use
practices, and marine management practices.  The Marine Pollution Bulletin
Article and my dissertation show the specific classification system I used.
If you or anyone else is interested I can send .pdf files of the articles
below.
Thanks,
Tegan
Hoffmann, T.C.. 2002. Coral reef health and effects of socio-economic
factors in Fiji and the Cook Islands.  Marine Pollution Bulletin. V44:
1281-1293.
Hoffmann, T.C. 2002. The Re-implementation of the Ra'ui:  Coral Reef
Management in Rarotonga, Cook Islands.  Coastal Management. V30:401-418
Hoffmann, T.C. 2001.  Reefs of Life to Reefs of Death:  The Political
Ecology of Coral Reef Health in the Cook Islands and Fiji.  Ph.D
dissertation Department of Geography University of California at Berkeley.
Tegan Churcher Hoffmann, Ph.D
Acting Program Director
CORAL - The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
The Coral Reef Alliance
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, CA 94104
Phone 415-834-0900 x 302
Fax 415-834-0999
thoffmann@coral.org
"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."
CORAL's site <http://www.coral.org>
ICRIN's site: <http://www.coralreef.org>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Diadema antillarum
Date: Wed, 05 Mar 2003 20:11:37 +0000
From: "Miguel Lugo" <rascana@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hello all coral list readers,
        I am looking for any information regarding the histology of gonads
(photos,
papers, etc.) on the black sea urchin Diadema antillarum. I am trying to
describe de reproductive cycle of this urchin for populations in the
southwest part of the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico. Thank you for any
information provided.
Miguel Lugo
_________________________________________________________________
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http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail
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Subject: Help on marine life and reef preservation
Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 16:32:53 -0500
From: Moshe Bar-Nachoom <duridium@netvision.net.il>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hi all,
=20
I am new to this list and was directed here by Jean Michele Costeau.
=20
The reason I'm subscribed to this list and others as such is that I am
currently seeking any information and advise regarding marine
preservation and ecology awareness.
Major harm is caused to the Eilat Red-Sea reef by divers, pollution,
harbor activities and marine fisheries that not only cause excess
pollution but also, at occasions, when a net is torn apart, the inbound
species find themselves at large and start consuming other native marine
life.
=20
We are some people who are interested in providing a safeguard
association aimed at preservation and divers' behavior, monitoring and
education.
If you have any information that can help, any advise, any thoughts on
the subject, please share them.
Thank you very much for your time, and looking forward to your ideas.
=20
Sincerely yours,
Moshe Bar-Nachoom
~~~~~~~
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Subject: summer field course in reef fish biology - limited space remaining
Date: Wed, 5 Mar 2003 18:04:31 -0500
From: sale@uwindsor.ca
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
List members, particularly in North America, and the Caribbean,
Please draw information about the following two-week field course on reef
fish ecology, to senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students.  We
have a few spaces remaining, and these will be filled on a first come,
first served basis.
ECOLOGY, BIOLOGY and BEHAVIOR of CORAL REEF FISHES
This course will be offered, June 2 - 15, 2003, inclusive, by the
University of Windsor, at the University of Belize Institute of Marine
Studies facility in the Turneffe Islands, Belize.  Instructors are Drs.
Peter F. Sale, Stuart A. Ludsin and Jake Kritzer.  Intended for senior
undergraduate, or commencing graduate students.  Course fee is CDN$ 1725.00
(US$ 1105.00), not including travel to Belize.  Places are limited so
contact us quickly.  Full details available at www.uwindsor.ca/sale
(scroll down to the course title and click through).
PLEASE DO NOT REPLY TO THE LIST - GO TO THE WEBSITE, OR REPLY DIRECTLY TO
ME
Peter F. Sale
Biological Sciences
University of Windsor
Windsor ON Canada N9B 3P4
519-253-3000, ext. 2727
519-971-3609 FAX
sale@uwindsor.ca
~~~~~~~
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Subject: need information about videography
Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 01:41:55 -0800 (PST)
From: aida saffarian <aida_saf@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear coral list
we are a team of experts working on coral reef in
Persian Gulf and searching for videography method
to survey and assess coral reef areas in the rigon.
please kindly send me any available information in
this regard.
Thank you in advance and looking forward to hearing
from you soon.
best regards
Aida saffarian
__________________________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Tax Center - forms, calculators, tips, more
http://taxes.yahoo.com/
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Subject: looking for Dr.Helge
Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 01:51:39 -0800 (PST)
From: aida saffarian <aida_saf@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hello everyone
I am looking for email address of Dr.Helge.
It would be highly appreciated if you could kindly
send me his address if avaiable.
any help would be much appreciated
thank you
Aida Saffarian
__________________________________________________
Do you Yahoo!?
Yahoo! Tax Center - forms, calculators, tips, more
http://taxes.yahoo.com/
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Subject: Announcement: NOAA releases new coral reef maps of NW Hawaiian Islands
Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 09:08:02 -0500
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Organization: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
NOAA03-R407  Contact: Glenda Tyson    (301) 713-3066    March 5, 2003
NOAA RELEASES FIRST EVER DETAILED MAPS OF CORAL REEFS IN THE
NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS
 An atlas is now available from NOAA,  the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, providing baseline information about the
locations and distributions of the shallow-water seabed features of the
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI).  The Atlas of the Shallow-Water
Benthic Habitats of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands - Draft supports
research, management, and conservation of critical resources in the NWHI
region.  NOAA is an agency of the Department of Commerce.
 Developed through a partnership between NOAA National Ocean Service
(NOAA Oceans and Coasts), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, the
State of Hawaiis Department of Land and Natural Resources, the
University of Hawaii, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Analytical
Laboratories of Hawaii, the atlas depicts shallow-water seabed features
in the NWHI with unprecedented detail.  The maps also provide baseline
information when assessments are performed to evaluate whether or not
changes, such as increases or decreases in reef cover, impacts of marine
debris, and the effects of global warming, are taking place in the area.
 The atlas is considered to be in draft form because confirming the
accuracy of the maps is extremely difficult.  As more information about
the coral reef ecosystems in the NWHI is collected, the maps will be
revised and updated.
 In the atlas, shallow-water refers to water generally less than 30 m
(98 ft) deep. Approximately 2,360 sq. km (911 sq. miles) of coral reef
ecosystems were mapped, representing about 68 percent of the estimated
3,493 sq. km (1,349 sq. miles) of shallow-water coral reef ecosystems in
the NWHI.  An even bigger area of coral reef ecosystems may be found in
water greater that 30 m (98 ft) deep.  Other mapping activities and
technologies will be used in coming years to characterize the seabed
associated with these deeper water areas in the NWHI.
 In addition to the printed atlas, a set of two CD-ROMs is available.
These CD-ROMs contain the digital, high-resolution, detailed benthic
habitat maps; aggregated habitat cover maps; and detailed estimated
depth maps.  These maps can be incorporated into a computerized GIS or
other software for further use and analysis.  The CD-ROMs also contain
documentation on how the maps were generated, and other information
related to mapping the benthic habitats of the NWHI.
 The atlas was produced in response to a mandate from the U.S. Coral
Reef Task Force to develop shallow-water coral reef ecosystem maps for
all U.S. waters by 2007. The primary funding source for the development
of this product was the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program.  The
products generated from this and other coral reef mapping efforts are
used to support NOAA, other federal, state, territory, and local
activities, including NOAAs National Marine Sanctuary Programs
endeavor to designate NWHI as a National Marine Sanctuary and research
for the National Coral Reef Monitoring Program.
 The effort to map U.S. coral reef ecosystems is led by the Biogeography
Program in NOAA Oceans and Coasts National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science. The Biogeography Program develops information through research,
monitoring, and assessment on the distribution and ecology of living
marine resources and their associated habitats for improved ecosystem
management.
 The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) are a series of islands,
atolls, shallow water banks, and seamounts that start with Nihoa Island,
which is 250 km (155 miles) west-northwest of Kauai, and stretch 1,920
km (1,193 miles) west-northwest to Kure Atoll.  The NWHI make up the
western portion of the Hawaiian Archipelago, which
includes the islands of Hawai`i and O`ahu.  The diverse, expansive and
pristine shallow-water coral reef ecosystems of the NWHI are unique.
This ecosystem hosts a distinctive array of marine mammals, fish, sea
turtles, birds, and invertebrates, including species that are endemic,
rare, threatened, and endangered.
 NOAA National Ocean Service (NOAA Oceans and Coasts) is dedicated to
exploring, understanding, conserving and restoring the nations coasts
and oceans. NOAA Ocean and Coasts balances environmental protection with
economic prosperity in fulfilling its mission of promoting safe
navigation, supporting coastal communities, sustaining coastal habitats,
and mitigating coastal hazards.
 The Commerce Departments National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) is dedicated to enhancing economic security and
national safety through the prediction and research of weather and
climate-related events and providing environmental stewardship of our
nations coastal and marine resources.
On the Internet:
NOAA - http://www.noaa.gov
NOAA Oceans and Coasts - http://www.nos.noaa.gov
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program - http://coris.noaa.gov/
Draft Atlas of the Shallow-Water Benthic Habitats of the Northwestern
Hawaiian Islands -
http://biogeo.nos.noaa.gov/projects/pacific/nwhi/data
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force - http://coralreef.gov
Mapping Implementation Plan - http://biogeo.nos.noaa.gov/MIP
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  Roger B. Griffis <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  Policy Advisor
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  Roger B. Griffis
  Policy Advisor                                <roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov>
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric
  Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  NOAA/NOS/ORR Rm 10116 1305 East West Highway  Pager: 877-632-5370
  Silver Spring                                 Fax: 301-713-4389
  MD                                            Work: 301-713-2989 x 115
  20910
  USA
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Griffis
  First Name    Roger
  Version       2.1
Subject: Re: Help on marine life and reef preservation
Date: Thu, 06 Mar 2003 09:15:03 -0800
From: Tegan Churcher Hoffmann <thoffmann@coral.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear Moshe Bar-Nachoom,
You may find these downloadable guidelines, in particular 1 on diving and 1
on snorkeling, useful to hand out to divers.  Please visit our website.
http://www.coralreefalliance.org/parks/guidelines.html
Thanks,
Tegan
Tegan Churcher Hoffmann, Ph.D
Acting Program Director
CORAL - The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
The Coral Reef Alliance
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, CA 94104
Phone 415-834-0900 x 302
Fax 415-834-0999
thoffmann@coral.org
"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."
CORAL's site <http://www.coral.org>
ICRIN's site: <http://www.coralreef.org>
Tegan Churcher Hoffmann, Ph.D
Acting Program Director
CORAL - The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
The Coral Reef Alliance
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, CA 94104
Phone 415-834-0900 x 302
Fax 415-834-0999
thoffmann@coral.org
"Working together to keep coral reefs alive."
CORAL's site <http://www.coral.org>
ICRIN's site: <http://www.coralreef.org>
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: U.S. Coral Reef Task Force meeting in Wash DC
Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 07:30:25 -0500
From: "Roger B Griffis" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Task force calls for improved water quality
Allison A. Freeman, Greenwire staff writer
              Federal officials and local governments should increase
collaborative efforts to address continuing threats to
coral reefs, particularly
              in reducing wastewater, runoff pollution and overfishing
in Florida, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands,
concurred top federal and
              state environmental officials last week at a meeting of
U.S. Coral Reef Task Force.
              The CRTF, established by an executive order in 1998 to
"preserve and protect coral reef ecosystems,"
comprises the heads of 11
              federal agencies and the leaders of 10 states, territories
and commonwealths. At its biennial meeting in
Washington, D.C., last
              week, the group passed resolutions calling for upgrading
wastewater treatment systems in areas supporting
coral reef habitat,
              improving water quality through the federal Everglades
Restoration Plan and promoting sustainable trade in
coral reef products.
              "The Task Force resolutions and statements reflect the
intent [to] highlight these issues as really important to
address the coral reef
              crisis," said Roger Griffis, co-chair of the CRTF steering
committee and policy advisor for the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric
              Administration coral reef conservation program.
              "It's clear from the level of representation we have from
around the nation and around the world that coral reefs
and their continued
              protection are high priorities," said Tim Keeney, deputy
assistant secretary of commerce for oceans and
atmosphere.
              In 2000, the CRTF adopted the U.S. National Action Plan to
Conserve Coral Reefs, laying out 13 major goals to
help sustain coral
              reef ecosystems. The CRTF has brought together government
and nongovernmental entities to address key
issues, such as the
              nationwide effort to map and characterize all shallow U.S.
reefs. In October 2002 the CRTF identified
land-based pollution,
              overfishing, lack of public awareness, recreational
overuse, coral reef disease and climate change as the major
threats to reefs and
              called for additional efforts to reduce these threats.
              According to a recent Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
report, coral reefs, which are highly sensitive to
environmental change
              and key indicators of broader problems in the ocean, have
declined by 27 percent worldwide. The report found
that 60 percent of the
              world's coral reefs could be lost by 2030.
              At its meeting, the CRTF encouraged states to work with
local stakeholders and federal partners to develop
local action plans to
              address the key threats. "This is an effort to identify
and implement actions from the ground up ... to help
achieve goals of the U.S.
              National Action Plan," said Griffis.
              The CRTF lacks authority to regulate or appropriate funds.
As such, the resolutions can not be incorporated into
law. However, they
              can serve as blueprints for continued state and federal
restoration efforts. Florida officials, for example, are
hoping the resolutions will
              help leverage increased federal funding for local cleanup
efforts.
              "A resolution passed at the level of the U.S. Coral Reef
Task Force, the secretary and assistant secretary level,
can be put in front
              of decision-makers, conservation groups, stakeholders,
fishermen and other appropriate people to show that it is
recognized at high
              levels that we need to take action," said Billy Causey,
superintendent of the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary. "To take
              action, we need resources. This is a powerful tool to move
to the next step."
              Protection of the reefs is important to Florida not only
because they "provide a very diverse and biologically
important community,"
              Causey said, but also for economic reasons. The park logs
13.3 million visitor days a year, resulting in $1.2
billion in tourism
              revenues. "We cannot afford to lose this reef," Causey
said.
              An official with the U.S. EPA said the agency would not
respond to the resolutions, which it supported, until the
CRTF releases the
              final versions in coming weeks. But the official said the
resolutions would likely not lead to new rulemaking, but
rather encourage the
              agency to assist and coordinate with other groups and
local officials.
              But Dan Meyer, general counsel for Public Employees for
Environmental Responsibility, said the CRTF is not
taking enough action
              to address declining coral reefs. He said the CRTF should
"bash heads" and address reef harming practices
executed by agencies
              within the group, citing the Army Corps of Engineers in
particular. Meyer said the Corps' oversight of beach
renourishment -- placing
              sand on the shore of eroding beaches -- often allows
low-cost, uncareful methods that stir up sand in the water
and choke the reef.
              The Corps also harms the reef with dredging permits and by
allowing fiber optic cable to cross reef zones
without environmental
              review, Meyer said.
              Meyer said the agencies on the CRTF should cooperate to
more staunchly protect the reefs, consulting with one
another and using
              existing laws, like the Endangered Species Act, the Clean
Water Act and the National Environmental Policy
Act, to tighten their
              regulatory authority.
              "Without solving the central oversight problem, the Coral
Reef Task Force is going to be like an undertaker for
the reefs. It will
              document their burial and demise but won't have been a
doctor to step in and see the patient before it died,"
Meyer said. "Because
              the reefs are not out in the public's view, we risk not
knowing that we missed the boat on this until the reefs are
dead."
              Kacky Andrews, Director of Coastal and Aquatic Managed
Areas at the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection, said the
              resolutions will not spur the state to write more coral
reef regulations, but said she hopes they will encourage
Congress to direct
              more funding to Florida, especially for the state's
wastewater treatment plan.
              "The federal government has done a lot for the Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary, but there is a lot of
need," she said.
              Andrews noted that in the Florida Keys, nutrient-laden
wastewater from some 25,000 septic tanks, 6,500
cesspits and 900
              shallow-injection wells compromises water quality in the
nearshore coral reef system.
              CRTF's Everglades restoration resolution asked state
regulators to consider how coral reefs will be affected by
water flowing through
              the Everglades and into the Florida Bay. As the state
develops and implements its 20-year plan to restore
historic flows to the
              Everglades, the reefs will almost certainly benefit,
Andrews said.
              Other resolutions called for programs to address
wastewater treatment systems in the Virgin Islands, where the
current system
              inadequately accommodates a growing population, and in
Puerto Rico, where more than 30 percent of homes
are not connected to a
              wastewater treatment system.
              The resolution dealing with trade urges the United States
to promote the sustainable trade of coral reef species
under international
              negotiations. The U.S. consumes more than 80 percent of
coral reef products traded worldwide, NOAA's
Griffis said. The Marine
              Aquarium Council, a coral reef products stakeholder
coalition, is working to develop a voluntary certification
program for sustainable,
              environmentally sound standards for trade of reef
products.
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Subject: Ph.D. studentship, coral disease
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 18:00:40 GMT+00:00
From: <chrisaslett@talk21.com>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Coral list Digest,
I am a mature postgraduate student studying my Master of Research at the
University of Plymouth UK, due to end September 2003.
My project is investigating the possible role of phage therapy in combating
coral disease.
I have been a keen keeper of marine species for over twenty years and reef
conservation is most important to me.
My question is this, does anyone know of any Ph.D. opportunities globally
involving the specific area I am currently in and or coral disease in
general?
Thanks
Chris Aslett
--------------------
talk21 your FREE portable and private address on the net at
http://www.talk21.com
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Announcing: Cnidarian Biochemistry Bibliography Available
Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 15:42:07 -0500
From: "Cheryl Woodley" <Cheryl.Woodley@noaa.gov>
To: Coral List Serve <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
     CDHCList <cdhclist@mote.org>
There is a new research resource available to the coral research
community in the form of a Cnidarian Biochemistry Bibliography.  The
bibliography includes 1055 references and covers the period of
1965-2002.  It is available on the CHAMP webpage at the following URL
address:
http://coastal.aoml.noaa.gov/RIS/RISWEB.isa
The Cnidarian Biochemistry Bibliography is titled cnidarianbio.pdt and
is fully searchable.
The bibliography is one of the resources resulting from the Coral
Disease and Health Consortiums workshop identifying research needs.  It
is planned that this resource will be updated approximately
semi-annually.  With this in mind, if you are aware of citations that
should be included under this topical area, please forward the
information to Sylvia Galloway at the following email address:
Sylvia.Galloway@noaa.gov
We also welcome notice of new publications relevant to this collection.
If you have any questions about the bibliography, send them to the same
email address.
The publications have been collected in support of the preparation of a
review on the same subject.  The bibliography and a short version of the
review will be published as a NOAA TM.
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  Cheryl M. Woodley, PhD <cheryl.woodley@noaa.gov>
  Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research
  Cheryl M. Woodley, PhD
  Center for Coastal Environmental Health and    <cheryl.woodley@noaa.gov>
  Biomolecular Research
  Hollings Marine Laboratory 331 Ft Johnson      Fax: 843-762-8737
  Road                                           Work: 843-762-8862
  Charleston
  South Carolina
  29412
  Additional Information:
  Last Name     Woodley
  First Name    Cheryl
  Version       2.1
Subject: Re: Cnidarian Biochemistry Bibliography Available
Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 22:44:20 -0500
From: Jim Hendee <jim.hendee@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Actually, the link that Cheryl kindly provided is a link off the CHAMP
Literature Page, which may be confusing to some.  The appropriate link to
use,
which will allow you access to more literature, is:
    http://www.coral.noaa.gov/bib/literature.shtml
then click on CHAMP Literature Server.  The link to the Coral Disease Page
is:
    http://www.coral.noaa.gov/coral_disease/
and from there you can link to the Coral Disease and Health Consortium.
    Cheers,
    Jim
Cheryl Woodley wrote:
> There is a new research resource available to the coral research
> community in the form of a Cnidarian Biochemistry Bibliography.  The
> bibliography includes 1055 references and covers the period of
> 1965-2002.  It is available on the CHAMP webpage at the following URL
> address:
>
> http://coastal.aoml.noaa.gov/RIS/RISWEB.isa
>
> The Cnidarian Biochemistry Bibliography is titled cnidarianbio.pdt and
> is fully searchable.
>
> The bibliography is one of the resources resulting from the Coral
> Disease and Health Consortiums workshop identifying research needs.  It
> is planned that this resource will be updated approximately
> semi-annually.  With this in mind, if you are aware of citations that
> should be included under this topical area, please forward the
> information to Sylvia Galloway at the following email address:
>
> Sylvia.Galloway@noaa.gov
>
> We also welcome notice of new publications relevant to this collection.
> If you have any questions about the bibliography, send them to the same
> email address.
> The publications have been collected in support of the preparation of a
> review on the same subject.  The bibliography and a short version of the
> review will be published as a NOAA TM.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: juvenile response to heat stress
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 15:13:32 +1000
From: <alittle@aims.gov.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear all,
I have been running a heat tolerance experiment on juveniles and adults of
Acropora tenuis in an indoor aquarium, to look at juvenile versus adult
response to heat stress.  I am currently searching for literature in this
area
that has looked at juvenile response to heat stress/bleaching, and possibly
in
relation to adult response.  If you know of anything that would be of help
to
me, please e-mail me at: alittle@aims.gov.au.  Any information/suggestions
would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks,
Angela Little
-------------------------------------------------
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Subject: Re: need information about videography
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 16:05:57 +1000
From: Andrew Chin <a.chin@gbrmpa.gov.au>
To: aida saffarian <aida_saf@yahoo.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Aida,
Have a look at the Australian Institute of Marine Science  Long Term
Monitoring Program website, I've found it very useful. It contains
information on videography but also good examples of the reports they
produce.
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/projinfo.html
The website also contains information on the video transect sampling
design and the 1996 standard operating procedure is available at:
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/research/reef-monitoring/ltm/mon-sop2/sop2-00.html
There is an updated version (2001) but I don't think it's available
online yet.
The AIMS team have also been involved with coral surveys in that region
and may be able to provide some assistance.
cheers
Andrew
aida saffarian wrote:
> Dear coral list
>
> we are a team of experts working on coral reef in
> Persian Gulf and searching for videography method
> to survey and assess coral reef areas in the rigon.
> please kindly send me any available information in
> this regard.
> Thank you in advance and looking forward to hearing
> from you soon.
> best regards
>
> Aida saffarian
>
> __________________________________________________
> Do you Yahoo!?
> Yahoo! Tax Center - forms, calculators, tips, more
> http://taxes.yahoo.com/
>
> ~~~~~~~
> For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
> digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
--
-----------------------------------------------------
***
ANDREW CHIN
Project Manager
Research and Monitoring Coordination
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
PO Box 1379
TOWNSVILLE, QLD 4810
Australia
+61 7 4750 0810 ph.
+61 7 4772 6093 fax.
GMT + 10 hours
a.chin@gbrmpa.gov.au
***
Visit the State of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area Report
1998 on line at
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/sotr/
***
---------------------------------------------------
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Subject: Spawning in East Africa
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 13:46:42 +0100
From: "Sangeeta Mangubhai" <smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke>
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Coral-Listers,
I am currently undertaking my Masters through Southern Cross University,
Australia. However, I am based in Mombasa, Kenya and I am studying the
reproductive ecology (spawning, gametogenic cycles, fecundity, recruitment)
of 4
selected coral species (Acropora valida, Platygyra daedalea, P. sinensis,
Echinopora gemmacea) in the Mombasa Marine Park and Reserve.
I am writing to find out whether anyone has measured, recorded or made any
field observations of corals (any species) spawning in East Africa or the
wider Western Indian Ocean. If so, I would like to find out the following:
1. Which coral species you observed spawning?
2. Where was spawning observed - if possible a reef/site name as well as
the country?
3. When was spawning observed - time of day, date, year?
4. Any studies that have been undertaken in the region on spawning &
fecundity?
Please note, I am interested in hearing any general observations made in the
field of spawning and am happy to summarise the results of my query back to
the list.
Regards Sangeeta
________________________________
Sangeeta Mangubhai
PO Box 10135
Bamburi, Mombasa
KENYA
Tel:  +254 (11) 474 582 (home)
Tel/Fax:  +254 (11) 5486 473 (work)
Mobile: 0733-698-771
Email:  smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Bleaching: no worries
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 14:37:27 +0100
From: "GJ Gast" <gjgast@ams.greenpeace.org>
Organization: Greenpeace
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
For your information.
The global warming problem is over....
Or not?
Best wishes, GJ.
------- Forwarded message follows -------
Herald Sun(Melbourne) February 27, 2003, Thursday
SECTION: OPINION; Pg. 19 LENGTH: 1105 words HEADLINE:
Reef's white lies BYLINE: ANDREW BOLT BODY: Four years ago
green doomsayers said the Great Barrier Reef was turning
white and had but a few years to live. They were wrong.
Again IF YOU go out to the reef today, you're in for a big
surprise. It's still there. Yes, the Great Barrier Reef is
out there and looking its blinding best. Curse that global
warming. Yet again, it hasn't struck, just as wasn't
predicted by professional alarmists four years ago. But
also yet again, we'll remember their global warming scare
campaign long after the facts emerge which prove we needn't
fret. So let me remind you how we were told in 1999 that
our reef was dying so fast that it would be a bleached
white corpse by 2030, if not sooner. It started when
Greenpeace commissioned Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg to find
out why bits of the reef had gone white. Given Greenpeace
thrives on environmental horror stories, it was delighted
when the professor concluded global warming was making the
sea so hot that the coral was dying. The future was "quite
bleak", Hoegh-Guldberg told our media, typically credulous
when reporting environmental scares. "Coral reefs could be
eliminated from most areas of the world by 2100," and the
Great Barrier Reef itself "looks to be under pressure
within, say, the next 30 years". Hoegh-Guldberg, who I'm
sure honestly believed what he was saying, made it clear
the reef's fate was all but sealed. His report insisted:
"Corals do not appear to show any sign that they are able
to adapt fast enough to keep pace with changes in ocean
temperature."
And with Greenpeace moaning "Yes, yes", Hoegh-Guldberg
warned humankind to mend its ways. Give up its sinful cars.
Live more frugal lives. Turn its face against its wastrel
ways. As if that would really help. I T is astonishing that
we're so hungry to hear these old Biblical roars from
born-again environmentalists of: "Repent! For the end of
the world is nigh."
For, sure enough, Hoegh-Guldberg that year won the Eureka
Prize for Scientific Research. Journalists who reported on
his work were shortlisted for top media awards. Tour guides
told visitors to the reef to look while they could -- it
wouldn't be around much longer. And green groups luxuriated
in the despair, the World Wildlife Fund orgasmically
claiming that in 1998 alone, "about 60 per cent of the
world's reefs died". True, some scientists mumbled, "Er,
but . . .". The head of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Authority, Virginia Chadwick, even declared: "I genuinely
do not believe that in 50 years all of the reef will be
dead."
BUT the media were little interested in such reassurance.
Instead, they seemed too eager to accept as proved
Hoegh-Guldberg's claims -- or any "evidence" that whips
along the global warming hysteria. The ABC 7.30 Report's
Kerry O'Brien, for instance, last year suggested the reef
was already on its last polyps, mourning how the
"once-spectacular reef" was becoming "bleached bone white".
Once spectacular? ABC TV's New Dimensions, hosted by
professional New Ager George Negus, moaned: "No matter how
hard these reef scientists work, they warn that coral reefs
are not adapting fast enough to compensate for the rate of
rising sea temperatures."
And last May, ABC television's flagship Four Corners
program sombrely began its report on the reef: "Across the
world, coral reefs are turning into marine deserts. It's
almost unthinkable that Australia's Great Barrier Reef --
the world's biggest coral edifice, 2000km long, home to 400
coral and 1500 fish species -- could be headed the same
way."
Almost unthinkable? Completely unthinkable, in fact, once
you ferret out the good news. In late 2001, scientists
announced that the microscopic algae that was expelled from
coral, causing it to bleach, actually stayed alive, meaning
the coral could recover. And recover it did. The Maldives
found that its own coral, bleached during the 1998 El Nino
effect, quickly repaired itself. As its Government
observed, its reefs were 60 million years old and had
survived "much greater changes in sea temperatures and sea
levels than they are facing now". So calm down. In our
Great Barrier Reef, too, strange things have been
happening. For a start, the marine park authority this
summer could find not one coral bleaching "event", even
though the seas have been warmed by a prolonged El Nino.
"The Great Barrier Reef is one of the healthiest reef
systems in the world today," the authority happily declared.
Moreover, the reef has been recovering from the four
bleachings it suffered since 1991, confirms the CSIRO. Even
Hoegh-Guldberg, now head of Queensland University's Centre
for Marine Studies, has conceded that many sections of the
reef are showing "surprising" signs of recovery, and he's
trying to figure out why. But he says he won't agree that
the coral may be adapting to climate change. Of course not.
Let's keep this greenhouse bogy and scare those silly
Australians into a Green-approved lifestyle of
organically-grown sackcloth and National Park ashes. This
is not the first time that screaming warnings of an
environmental Armageddon on the reef have tailed into an
embarrassed silence when the end of the world gets called
off. Again. A smirking report by the Australian Institute
of Marine Science recalls that in the 1960s we were told
the reef would be eaten alive by Crown of Thorns starfish,
and "it was feared that the structure of the reef would be
totally destroyed, exposing the North Queensland coast to
increased levels of wave action and consequent erosion". As
the AIMS drily notes: "This clearly did not happen."
IN fact, AIMS is now investigating whether these evil
reef-munching starfish actually help the reef by eating
fast-growing species of coral that may otherwise overwhelm
the rest. Then there's the other reef-ending scares about
ozone holes, pollution, farm run-off and whatever eager
minds can imagine. It's all goaded Professor Bob Carter, a
respected marine geologist at James Cook University, into
denouncing the constant fear-mongering on a reef he says is
actually healthy. Asked why our official scientific bodies
were so keen to preach such doom, the exasperated professor
replied: "The overwhelming emphasis of those boards these
days is not science for the sake of understanding. It's
science for the sake of making money."
I hope that's not true -- and am sure it's not for
scientists such as Hoegh- Guldberg. But as our glorious
reef wakes today to another beautiful day in paradise, I
have to ask: Why are we so keen to think it's going to hell?
bolta@heraldsun.com.au
------- End of forwarded message -------
========================================================= Dr Gert Jan Gast Seas and Oceans Campaigner, Greenpeace Netherlands Keizersgracht 174, 1016DW Amsterdam, The Netherlands Phone +31 20 5236655 Mobile +31 6 5206 2976 Fax +31 20 6221272
~~~~~~~ For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: byouant weight technique question
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 16:45:57 -0500
From: Sean Coats <Scoats@flaquarium.org>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: FWD: **Best Practices Call for submissions**
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 23:11:41 -0500
From: szmanta <szmanta@uncwil.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: szmanta@uncwil.edu
Hi All:
A good friend of my is in charge of the program described below, and I
thought
that there might be some coral reef projects that you might want to submit
to
it.  Good publicity for your work and some pretty good prizes as well!
Cheers,
Alina Szmant
>===== Original Message From "Forrester, Amy" <aforrester@CSA.com> =====
        -----Original Message-----
        From: Forrester, Amy
        Sent: Wed 3/12/2003 1:41 PM
        To: 'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'
        Cc:
        Subject: **Best Practices Call for submissions**
        Towards Best Practices (TBP) is a new electronic forum, built as a
resource
for the conservation community.  The eForum, at
www.nbii.gov/datainfo/bestpractices/index.html
<http://www.nbii.gov/datainfo/bestpractices/index.html>  allows researchers,
policy-makers, students, and others to develop principles and practices
related to the study and management of the biocomplexity.
        The TBP website is now actively soliciting submissions of Best
Practices to
the eForum. Best Practices can cover far ranging topics, from practices
related to agriculture, biodiversity, and conservation economics, to methods
for modeling impacts of human populations or sustainable development.  After
preliminary review by an Advisory Board, submissions will be posted on the
eForum where the work can be discussed and developed in an open, public,
electronic community.  All posted submissions will also be eligible for one
of
several Awards for Excellence, including sponsorship of travel to the annual
meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology.
        The forum has been developed by National Biological Information
Infrastructure (NBII), in partnership with CSA, a leading bibliographic
database provider, and the Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at
Conservation International.
        Go to www.nbii.gov/datainfo/bestpractices/index.html
<http://www.nbii.gov/datainfo/bestpractices/index.html>  for more
information
about the Call For Submissions as well as the Awards for Excellence in Best
Practices, and about the rich range of resources available through the
eForum
to researchers, policy-makers, and others interested in biocomplexity and
conservation.
Alina M. Szmant
UNCW Center for Marine Science
On travel from UNCW
~~~~~~~
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Subject: UK PhD project on cold-water corals
Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 16:30:56 +0000
From: "Murray Roberts" <mr-t@dml.ac.uk>
To: <coolcoral@chebucto.ns.ca>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Please pass this advertisment to potential applicants.
The Scottish Association for Marine Science is advertising for applicants
for a three year PhD project to investigate 'A carbon and nitrogen budget
for the cold water coral Lophelia pertusa'.
Applicants should have, or expect to obtain a first class or upper second
class honours degree in an appropriate subject. Natural Environment Research
Council (NERC) eligibility rules will apply for some of the studentships.
For further information including an application form please write to Ms C
Bonomy, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll,
Scotland PA37 1QA. Project descriptions are also posted on our web site:
http://www.sams.ac.uk. Deadline for application is 8 April 2003.
Please note that NERC eligibility criteria may restrict applicants to UK
nationals, for further information please contact Ms C Bonomy at the above
address.
Background to project
In the last ten years our understanding of the distribution of cold-water
corals has increased dramatically. With greater survey effort over the
continental shelf and slope vast reef areas have been discovered off for
example the Norwegian and Irish coasts. However, we understand very little
of the basic biology of the species that create these deep-water reef
frameworks. This project will focus on the dominant cold-water coral species
in the NE Atlantic, Lophelia pertusa. By studying coral growth, respiration
and nutrition we will provide fundamental insights into the biology of this
species. Laboratory study of live coral will be directed using environmental
data collected from the reef environment using a purpose-built benthic photo
lander. Isotopic and fatty acid analyses of corals collected during offshore
cruises will help understand the trophic status of these species. The
overall aim of the project is to develop a simple model of the fluxes of
carbon and nitrogen thr!
ough L. pertusa and to extrapolate this to the reef environment. The
successful candidate should have a sound biological training and experience
of biochemistry and physiology would be an advantage. The student will join
a current PhD student also working on cold-water corals and would be
expected to work for short periods offshore for which full training will be
given.
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Re: Spawning in East Africa
Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 18:44:31 +0000
From: "Judith Mendes" <judith_mendes@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Sangeeta,
Two years ago I did a review of spawning times at different geographical
locations around the world. At that time I did not find any reports of
spawning from Kenya. However, I did find a relationship between spawning,
temperature and rainfall. Basically, spawning occurred at the highest
temperatures outside of, and prior to, the period of heaviest rainfall.
These results were included in a paper published in Marine Ecology Progress
Series last year:
Mendes JM and Woodley JD (2002) Timing of reproduction in Montastraea
annularis: relationship to environmental variables. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
227:241-251.
Based on that work, and on plotting the following mean monthly temperature
and rainfall data for Mombasa (taken from worldclimate.com):
Month   Temp(C)Rainfall (mm)
Jan     27.6    28.4
Feb     28.0    16.2
Mar     28.4    60.3
Apr     27.6    182.2
May     26.0    293.0
Jun     24.9    101.1
Jul     24.2    82.1
Aug     24.2    65.1
Sept    24.9    65.7
Oct     25.9    90.2
Nov     26.9    96.4
Dec     27.6    63.4
I would suggest that you look for spawning after the full-moon in March, and
again after the full-moon in April.  How many nights after the full-moon? I
dont know, the literature reports spawning anywhere from 1 to 11 nights
after the full-moon. Perhaps someone more familiar with the species you are
working on can narrow it down for you.
The full-moon in March is on the 18th (next week Tuesday!), and in April it
is on the 16th.
Good luck with your spawning hunt. I would be interested to know what you
find.
Judith Mendes
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 13:46:42 +0100
From: "Sangeeta Mangubhai" <smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke>
Subject: Spawning in East Africa
Coral-Listers,
I am currently undertaking my Masters through Southern Cross University,
Australia. However, I am based in Mombasa, Kenya and I am studying the
reproductive ecology (spawning, gametogenic cycles, fecundity, recruitment)
of 4
selected coral species (Acropora valida, Platygyra daedalea, P. sinensis,
Echinopora gemmacea) in the Mombasa Marine Park and Reserve.
I am writing to find out whether anyone has measured, recorded or made any
field observations of corals (any species) spawning in East Africa or the
wider Western Indian Ocean. If so, I would like to find out the following:
1. Which coral species you observed spawning?
2. Where was spawning observed - if possible a reef/site name as well as
the country?
3. When was spawning observed - time of day, date, year?
4. Any studies that have been undertaken in the region on spawning &
fecundity?
Please note, I am interested in hearing any general observations made in the
field of spawning and am happy to summarise the results of my query back to
the list.
Regards Sangeeta
________________________________
Sangeeta Mangubhai
PO Box 10135
Bamburi, Mombasa
KENYA
Tel:  +254 (11) 474 582 (home)
Tel/Fax:  +254 (11) 5486 473 (work)
Mobile: 0733-698-771
Email:  smangubhai@africaonline.co.ke
_________________________________________________________________
Overloaded with spam? With MSN 8, you can filter it out
http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail&pgmarket=en-gb&XAPID=32&DI=1059
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Resource survey of Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary
Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 12:39:05 -0500
From: "Adriana Cantillo" <Adriana.Cantillo@noaa.gov>
Organization: NOAA/NOS/NCCOS/CCMA
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Resource survey of Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary
The 1983 assessment of the Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary has been
published. The full citation, contents and abstract are below.
Individual chapters can be cited using the format for chapters in a
book.
The document can be downloaded from the Internet here
<http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/cedardoc.html>, scroll down to
"Bohnsack" and download the PDF files. The document will also be
available in CD format. Please request copies from M. J. Bello
(NOAA/NMFS/SEFSC) at Maria.Bello@NOAA.GOV.
Rescue of this work was funded through a grant of the South Florida
Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling Program (SFERPM) - a
competitive program conducted by the Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean
Research (CSCOR), in association with the South Florida Living Marine
Resources Program (SFLMR) - for Coastal and Estuarine Data/Document
Archeology and Rescue (CEDAR) for South Florida.
---
Bohnsack, J. A., A. Y. Cantillo and M. J. Bello (eds.) (2002) Resource
survey of Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary 1983. NOAA Technical
Memorandum NOS NCCOS CCMA 160. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-478.
NOAA LISD Current References 2002-8. NOAA/NOS National Centers for
Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD. 340 pp.
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Walter C. Jaap (Florida Department of Natural Resources)
CHAPTER 2
USES OF THE SANCTUARY
James A. Bohnsack (NOAA/NMFS) and Walter C. Jaap (Florida Department of
Natural Resources)
CHAPTER 3
GENERAL HABITAT DESCRIPTION AND MAPPING
James A. Bohnsack (NOAA/NMFS)
CHAPTER 4
HOLOCENE SEDIMENT THICKNESS AND FACIES DISTRIBUTION, LOOE KEY NATIONAL
MARINE SANCTUARY, FLORIDA
Barbara H. Lidz, Daniel M. Robbin and Eugene A. Shinn (USGS)
CHAPTER 5
GROWTH HISTORY OF MONTASTRAEA ANNULARIS AT LOOE KEY NATIONAL MARINE
SANCTUARY, FLORIDA
J. Harold Hudson (NOAA Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary)
CHAPTER 6
LOOE KEY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY RESOURCE SURVEY: CORALS AND OTHER
MAJOR BENTHIC CNIDARIA
Jennifer Lee Wheaton and Walter C. Jaap (Florida Department of Natural
Resources)
CHAPTER 7
RESOURCE SURVEY OF FISHES WITHIN LOOE KEY NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY
James A. Bohnsack, Douglas E. Harper, David B. McClellan, David L.
Sutherland and Michael White (NOAA/NMFS)
CHAPTER 8
STATUS OF SELECTED CORAL RESOURCES
James A. Bohnsack and Michael White (NOAA/NMFS) and Walter C. Jaap
(Florida Department of Natural Resources)
CHAPTER 9
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
James A. Bohnsack (NOAA/NMFS)
TAXONOMIC APPENDIX
ABSTRACT
Looe Key National Marine Sanctuary (LKNMS) was designated in 1981 to
protect and promote the study, teaching, and wise use of the resources
of Looe Key Sanctuary. A quantitative resource inventory was funded in
1983 by NOAA in cooperation with the University of Miami, the United
States Geological Survey, and the Florida Department of Natural
Resources. The objective of the study was to quantitatively inventory
selected resources of LKNMS in order to allow future monitoring of
changes in the Sanctuary as a result of human or natural processes. This
study, referred to as Phase I, gives a brief summary of past and present
uses of the Sanctuary; and describes general habitat types, geology and
sediment distribution, coral abundance and distribution, the growth
history of the coral Montastraea annularis, reef fish abundance and
distribution, and status of selected resources. An interpretation of the
results of the survey are provided for management consideration. The
results are expected to provide fundamental information for applied
management, natural history interpretation, and scientific research.
--
Dr. Adriana Y. Cantillo
Chemist
NOAA/National Ocean Service
National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
1305 East West Hwy., 9110
Silver Spring, MD 20910
301 713 3028 x 147
~~~~~~~
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Subject: ICCB
Date: Fri, 14 Mar 2003 15:05:29 -0500
From: "Daphne G. Fautin" <fautin@lark.cc.ku.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
THE DEADLINE (April 1) IS APPROACHING
for submission of abstracts for the
SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY
2003 NORTH AMERICAN MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
and for early registration
and for applications for the ISRS Student Travel Award
The website (http://web.nhm.ukans.edu/inverts/iccb/) has updated
information on invited speakers, their titles, meeting schedule, and
guidelines for presentations and publication.
Questions should be directed to any member of the Local Organizing
Committee.
Daphne G. Fautin
Chair, Local Organizing Committee
Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Curator, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
Haworth Hall
University of Kansas
1200 Sunnyside Avenue
Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7534  USA
telephone 1-785-864-3062
fax 1-785-864-5321
for e-mail, please use fautin@ku.edu
website www.nhm.ku.edu/~inverts
7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY 6-11 July 2003
        (including the 2003 North American meeting of the
             International Society for Reef Studies)
     for details, go to http://web.nhm.ukans.edu/inverts/iccb/
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Position Announcemnet: Director, Waikiki Aquarium
Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2003 15:41:00 -1000
From: Charles Delbeek <delbeek@waquarium.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, jellyfish@lists.aza.org,
     "Mohan Pete" <aquaticinfo@neaq.org>, syngnathidae@egroups.com,
     EUACCoralASP@yahoogroups.com,
     "PMDF Mailserv V4.3" <ceph-list@ac.dal.ca>
Apologies in advance for cross-posting. Please give a few days for all
documents to be made available online.
UNIVERSITY OF Hawaii
Director, Waikk aquarium
The University of Hawaii at Mnoa seeks a dynamic leader with significant
experience as a manager to serve as director of its Waikk Aquarium. The
Waikk Aquarium is accredited by the American Zoo and Aquarium Association
and serves as a major tourist attraction for the State of Hawaii. For
information about the University of Hawaii at Mnoa and the Waikk
Aquarium, please go to www.uhm.hawaii.edu and www.waquarium.org. For a job
description and specific application/nomination requirements and procedures,
please go to http://workatuh.hawaii.edu or
www.hawaii.edu/executivesearch/aquarium or call (808) 956-6133. Review of
candidates will begin on Wednesday, April 30, 2003, and will continue until
the position is filled.
The University of Hawaii is an equal opportunity/affirmative action
institution and encourages applications from and nominations of women and
minority candidates.
Aloha!
J. Charles Delbeek
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
2777 Kalakaua Ave.
Honolulu, HI, USA 96815
www.waquarium.org
808-923-9741
808-923-1771 FAX
Subject: Seventh International Conference on Coelenterate Biology
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:09:45 -0500
From: Sharon Brookshire<sharonb@dce.ksu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
THE DEADLINE (April 1) IS APPROACHING
for submission of abstracts for the
SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY
2003 NORTH AMERICAN MEETING OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
and for early registration
and for applications for the ISRS Student Travel Award
The website (http://web.nhm.ukans.edu/inverts/iccb/) has updated
information on invited speakers, their titles, meeting schedule, and
guidelines for presentations and publication.
Questions should be directed to any member of the Local Organizing
Committee.
Daphne G. Fautin
Chair, Local Organizing Committee
Professor, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Curator, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
Haworth Hall
University of Kansas
1200 Sunnyside Avenue
Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7534  USA
telephone 1-785-864-3062
fax 1-785-864-5321
for e-mail, please use fautin@ku.edu
website www.nhm.ku.edu/~inverts
7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY 6-11 July 2003
    (including the 2003 North American meeting of the
         International Society for Reef Studies)
    for details, go to http://web.nhm.ukans.edu/inverts/iccb/
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Belize field course on reef fish ecology, biology, behavior
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 12:11:01 -0800
From: "Cindy Shaw" <cindy177@charter.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
List members, particularly in North America, and the Caribbean,
Please draw information about the following two-week field course on reef
fish ecology, to senior undergraduate and beginning graduate students.  We
have 10 spaces remaining available at present, and these will be filled on
a first come, first served basis.  (Since I will be out of e-mail contact
until March 4th, do not send a deposit prior to that date - I will contact
all students in order of receipt of e-mail enquiries.)
This course will be offered, June 2 - 15, 2003, inclusive, by the
University of Windsor, at the University of Belize Institute of Marine
Studies facility in the Turneffe Islands, Belize.  Instructors are Drs.
Peter F. Sale, Stuart A. Ludsin and Jake Kritzer.  Intended for senior
undergraduate, or commencing graduate students.  Course fee is CDN$ 1725.00
(US$ 1105.00), not including travel to Belize.  Places are limited so
contact us quickly.  Full details available at www.uwindsor.ca/sale
(scroll down to the course title and click through).
PLEASE DO NOT REPLY TO THE LIST - GO TO THE WEBSITE, OR REPLY DIRECTLY TO
ME
Peter Sale
Peter F. Sale
Biological Sciences
University of Windsor
Windsor ON Canada N9B 3P4
519-253-3000, ext. 2727
519-971-3609 FAX
sale@uwindsor.ca
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Coral/MPA policy job announcement for US Fish & Wildlife Service
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 16:31:46 -0500
From: <Susan_White@fws.gov>
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
(sorry for cross postings ...)
- Access http://www.usajobs.opm.gov for full information on the following
announcement.  The job is related to development and implementation of
policies for coral reefs and marine protected areas.
 Vacancy Announcement Number: FWS9-03-30
 Opening Date: 03/19/2003
 Closing Date: 04/02/2003
 Position: REFUGE PROGRAM SPECIALIST
   GS-0485-11/13
 Salary: $47,910 - $88,770 per year
 Promotion Potential: GS-13
 Duty Location:     1 vacancy at ARLINGTON, VA
 WHO MAY APPLY:
 Open to all qualified U.S. Citizens.
 MAJOR DUTIES:
 The incumbent is a staff specialist in the Division of Natural Resources
 with substantive national responsibilities
 related to administration of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
 The primary responsibility is planning and implementation of policies and
 overseeing
 activities Service-wide related to implementation of Executive Orders
 13089
 (Coral Reef Conservation) and 13158 (Marine Protected Areas), as well as
 other
 marine-focused initiatives; and their application to the National Wildlife
 Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 and Fulfilling the Promise (a
 strategic
 vision document for the NWRS.)  A focus of this position is preparing
 Service
 plans, policy, and budget information for refuge coral reef ecosystems and
 marine protected areas in the NWRS.  The incumbent uses knowledge of
 wide-ranging refuge and marine protected area management activities and
 information to objectively analyze strategies and approaches to accomplish
 national priorities of the System, the Service, the Department, and the
 marine
 focused initiatives.  Decision support is provided by upper management
 through
 completion of briefings, analysis of critical issues, and preparation of
 strategy documents.  The incumbent may represent the Service as team
 leader on
 various Service or interagency task forces.  Efforts are integrated
 Division
 and Service-wide fish and wildlife conservation and management activities
 to
 include strategic planning, policy making, budget support, and strong
 customer
 service.
 QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED:
 Applicants must have general and/or specialized experience.  When
 specified,
 applicants must also meet any Mandatory (Selective Placement) Factors
 listed.
 Status applicants must also meet time-in-grade requirements and time after
 competitive appointment requirements by the closing date of this
 announcement.
 This position requires the ability to type at least 40 words per minute.
  You
 must submit a statement certifying that you type this speed.
 KNOWLEDGES, SKILLS AND ABILITIES REQUIRED
 Candidates should submit a narrative statement on a separate page(s) with
 specific responses to the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) in this
 announcement.  Failure to submit your narrative response to the KSAs for
 this
 job may negatively affect your eligibility and/or rating for this
 position.
 1.  Knowledge of the legislation, policies and organizational entities
 impacting coral reef/marine ecosystems.
 2.  Ability to be an effective advocate for NWRS lands and waters for
 fish,
 wildlife, plant, and marine conservation through effective oral
 communication.
 3. Ability to be an effective advocate for NWRS lands and waters for fish,
 wildlife, plant, and marine conservation through clearly articulated
 written
 documents.
 4.  Ability to analyze concepts and broad statements and formulate clear,
 concise recommendations for practical implementation at various
 organizational
 levels.
 5.  Ability to effectively and productively interact with other Federal,
 State, and local agency representatives, conservation organizations, and
 the
 general public.
><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>
Susan White,  Assistant Manager
J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge
1 Wildlife Dr.
Sanibel,  FL  33957
ph:  239-472-1100 x 225
fx:   239-472-4061
susan_white@fws.gov
><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>  ><>
Subject: Dive In To Earth Day just around the corner!
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 14:05:49 -0800
From: Dive In To Earth Day <divein@coral.org>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Greetings from the Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL),
This April, don't miss the opportunity to be a part of "Dive In
To Earth Day."  Dive In is an international celebration
of ocean lovers -- divers, snorkelers, marine educators
and others -- all taking action to protect our underwater
world during the week of Earth Day (April 15-22).
You can be a part of Dive In by:
1) SIGNING THE DIVE IN PLEDGE:
A simple, online way to support coral reef conservation.
Add your voice to the thousands and help us collect 10,000
signatures by Earth Day, April 22.
http://www.coral.org/diveinpledge.html
2) ORGANIZE AND REGISTER A DIVE IN EVENT:
It's easy.  A Dive In event can be anything from an educational
seminar to a fundraiser for a marine park or a beach/underwater
cleanup.  If you already have a marine event for Earth Day, be
sure to sign up on the Dive In Web site.
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/addanactivity
(if you register your event by April 1st, we'll send you
a package with posters and support materials)
3) PARTICIPATE IN AN EVENT NEAR YOU:
Find out what Dive In events are happening in your community,
and lend a helping hand.  To find an event go to:
http://divein.coralreefalliance.org/findanactivity
Anyone can participate.  It's easy!
Visit the Dive In Web site for more information on how.
http://www.coral.org/divein.
If you have more questions, contact divein@coral.org.
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL) coordinates Dive In To Earth Day
with the support of Project AWARE Foundation, West Marine,
Earth Day Network and the International Coral Reef Action
Network (ICRAN).
We hope to see you out there on Earth Day!
Best wishes,
Sherry Flumerfelt
Dive In To Earth Day Coordinator
The Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
417 Montgomery Street, Suite 205
San Francisco, California, USA 94104
Phone: 415-834-0900 ext. 306
Fax: 415-834-0999
Email: divein@coral.org
Web site:  http://www.coral.org/
--
  All programmers are optimists  -- Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Dates coral spawning 2003 / South. Caribbean
Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 09:06:44 -0500
From: "Mark Vermeij" <Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: NANCIweb@yahoogroups.com
Dear all,
Below you'll find the predicted dates for this years' coral spawning in the
Southern Caribbean. For anyone interested in places more towards the North I
would refer to Dr. Szmant's dates posted on the list a few weeks ago. The
data are based of yearly observations during the last 6 years on Curacao
(Netherlands Antilles, 12N).
Acropora palmata : Aug  17 18: 21h15-22h00;
Acropora cervicornis: Aug  17 18: 21h00-22h00;
Diploria labyrinthiformis: Sep 15-18 & Oct 16-18: 22h00-23h30;
Diploria strigosa: Sep 17 18 22h00-23h 30;Oct 17 18 22h00-23h00
Montastraea cavernosa: Sep 15-17 & Oct 15 16: 21h00-23h00;
M. annularis s.l. : Sep 15-18 & Oct 16-18: 21h00-22h30;
Eusmilia fastigiata: planulae likely visible between Sep 15 Oct 31 in
tentacles;
Madracis senaria: Sep 18 19 & Oct 18 19, between 0h00-06h00;
Agaricia humilis: entire period Sep- Nov;
Agaricia agaricites: entire period Sep- Nov;
Stephanocoenia michelini: Sep 16-18 & Oct 16-18: 21h00-22h00;
Enjoy the wonder and best regards,
Mark Vermeij
--
Dr. Mark Vermeij
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (RSMAS/UM)
NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Science Center
75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA
Tel: +1 305-361-4230,
Fax: +1 305-361-4499
E-mail: Mark.Vermeij@noaa.gov
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/groups/cimas/
Subject: RFP 2004 - Perry Institute for Marine Science / Caribbean
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 06:50:45 -0500
From: "CMRC" <cmrc@cmrc.org>
To: <allusers@cmrc.org>
Marine Research Center
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 15:54:55 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list
http://www.cmrc.org/funding.htm
NOAA's Undersea Research Program (NURP)
CARIBBEAN MARINE RESEARCH CENTER
REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
FY2004
Undersea Research on Tropical
and Subtropical Marine Ecosystems
As one of six NURP Centers under the auspices of NOAA's Undersea
Research Program (NURP) (www.nurp.noaa.gov), the Caribbean Marine
Research Center (CMRC) (www.cmrc.org) is presently soliciting proposals
for undersea research in the Caribbean region for FY2004. The present
announcement is soliciting pre-proposals for two specific funding
opportunities:
1)      NURP funds for two year projects focusing on NOAA/NURP research
priorities under the research theme of Examinations of the effectiveness
of 'no-take' marine protected areas to be initiated in 2004; and
2)      NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NCRCP) funds for one to
two year projects (with one year preferred) that address the following
priority research needs for the U.S. Caribbean: overfishing, pollution,
coral disease and bleaching, and invasive species, and the impact of
these stressors on coral reef ecosystems.  The evaluation of management
effectiveness is also encouraged. Note that there is requirement of 50%
non-federal match for these funds.
These competitions are contingent upon CMRC receiving adequate funds
from NOAA/NURP.
PROPOSAL SUBMISSION
Please note that preproposals are required. See the Proposal Guidelines
for full description of the FY2004 Request for Proposals and
instructions for submitting proposals.
At this time we are soliciting pre-proposals for undersea research in
the Caribbean for the year 2004 in the two funding opportunities
outlined above.
For Funding Opportunity #1: Proposals will be accepted for work at any
site in the Caribbean pertinent to U.S. interests, but priority areas
for operations are Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and the
U.S. Virgin Islands.
    For Funding Opportunity #2: Proposals will be accepted for work at
any site in the U.S. Caribbean, which includes Puerto Rico and the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
CMRC also encourages innovative uses of existing data and inter-site
comparisons throughout the Caribbean. The in situ approach supported by
NURP allows acquisition of otherwise unobtainable observations, samples,
exploration, and experimentation related to NOAA's priority research
objectives.
Eligible applicants are U.S. institutions of higher education,
not-for-profit institutions, and state, local and Indian tribal
governments.  Proposals may include federal researchers as collaborators
with a researcher who is affiliated with a U.S. academic institution,
non-federal agency, or any other non-profit organization.  Federal
organizations may not charge federal salary, travel, or overhead, but
other categories are appropriate.  For proposals with a federal partner,
the federal partner will receive funds through an inter-agency transfer
(or intra-agency in the case of a NOAA partner) from the national NURP
office.
If you are interested in submitting a proposal that addresses any of
these funding opportunities and you require further information please
contact CMRC at the address below. Pre-proposals are required and must
be submitted by email by May 15, 2003. Pre-proposals should be <3 pages
and give a summary of the proposed research, describe research goals and
facilities/equipment requirements, outline time or logistic constraints,
give area of operations including depths, and estimate the level of
support required. This will ensure that appropriate research guidelines
are addressed, and permit operations staff to evaluate feasibility.
Proposal budgets for CMRC funded projects generally range from $10-70K
for direct scientific support.  Smaller feasibility studies (<$5K) may
also be supported as program development projects (see www.cmrc.org for
details). Proposals that have co-funding for data analysis and
investigator salaries have the greatest rate of approval.  Funding of
the second year of proposals will be contingent upon progress and
funding availability.
On the basis of the pre-proposals, requests for final proposals will be
issued together with final submission guidelines. Final proposals are
due at CMRC by August 1, 2002. Following peer review of the proposals, a
rebuttal process, and recommendations from CMRC's Technical Review
Panel, research projects will be ranked on the basis of scientific
merit, match to NOAA/NURP and NCRCP programmatic goals, contribution to
research theme, and logistical considerations. Investigators will be
notified of the status of their proposals by January 2003.
DEADLINE FOR PRE-PROPOSALS IS MAY 15, 2003
DEADLINE FOR FULL PROPOSALS IS AUGUST 1, 2003
Address proposals, questions, or comments to:
         John Marr, Ph.D., Center Director
         561-741-0192  Voice
         Caribbean Marine Research Center
         561-741-0193  Fax
         100 North U.S. Highway 1, Suite 202
         jmarr@cmrc.org
         Jupiter, FL 33477
Please see our web site (www.cmrc.org) for more details on our programs,
information and guidelines for proposal preparation, previous research
projects, publication list, and present research activities.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Perry Institute for Marine Science / Caribbean Marine Research
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 07:13:52 -0500
From: "CMRC" <cmrc@cmrc.org>
To: <cmrc@cmrc.org>
Center
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 16:20:12 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: list
PERRY INSTITUTE FOR MARINE SCIENCE
CARIBBEAN MARINE RESEARCH CENTER
BI-ANNUAL REPORT
http://www.cmrc.org/pubs.htm
I'm writing today to let you know about what we at the Perry Institute
for Marine Science have been accomplishing over the last two years. We
are leading the way in scientific discoveries and techniques to advance
our understanding about marine science and capabilities for improving
management of marine resources.  The Perry Institute is also playing a
key role in helping to educate future scientists as well as citizens of
the U.S. and Caribbean island nations.
The Perry Institute operates the Caribbean Marine Research Center, one
of just six regional centers in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's Undersea Research Program.  Our research facility,
located on Lee Stocking Island in the Bahamas, provides a support base
for scientists from around the world in efforts to advance scientific
knowledge about the marine environment.  During the past two years, CMRC
has hosted and provided support for several hundred scientists and
students while conducting its own research.
Our work concentrates on critical marine issues such as increasing
populations of commercial and recreational fisheries, improving and
protecting coral reef ecosystems, monitoring global climate and
environmental changes, and developing new techniques for alternatives to
overfishing, habitat destruction, and marine protected area design.  We
offer advanced diving facilities and laboratories to further this
research and as well as strong education and outreach programs to
promote the significance of these issues to all of us.
The Perry Institute for Marine Science is a not for profit, public
501(c)(3) corporation based in Florida since 1970. Our mission is to
improve and enhance the understanding of the wider Caribbean region's
marine environment by supporting and conducting high quality marine
research and education programs in order to provide solutions to people
and our oceans.
Many of you play a critical role in the advancement of science today and
building more support for the work being done through the Perry
Institute.  Please take a moment to look at the accomplishments of our
organization and our promise to the future.
Please visit our website at http://www.cmrc.org/pubs.htm.  You can view
and download our annual report there as well as see recent developments
in our programs.
Best regards,
John Marr, Ph.D.
Director
Perry Institute for Marine Science
Caribbean Marine Science Center
100 N. US Highway 1, Suite 202
Jupiter, FL  33477-5122
Telephone: (561) 741-0192
Fax: (561) 741-0193
Email: cmrc@cmrc.org
Web: www.cmrc.org
--
  All programmers are optimists  -- Frederick P. Brooks, Jr.
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: coral growth rate estimates
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 11:10:04 -0500
From: ppeckol <ppeckol@email.smith.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
hello list:
My student is interested in references (and information) on growth rate
estimates for  Agaricia spp.  Any help in this would be great.
thanks for your time
Paulette Peckol
Smith College
413-585-3844
ppeckol@email.smith.edu
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Research Assistance Request
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 13:46:29 -0500
From: Meredith A Dorner <mdorner@buffalo.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Hi everyone,
    I am currently finishing up a masters project examing algal symbiont
variation within the host anemone Aiptasia. I'm looking to broaden the
geographical range of my project and so am interested in obtaining samples
from locations around the world, but specifically in the Caribbean. If
anyone can assist me, please contact me for details. Thank you!
Meredith Dorner
mdorner@acsu.buffalo.edu
University at Buffalo
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Lessepian migration
Date: Mon, 24 Mar 2003 18:00:42 -0500
From: Ed Cordell <ecordellgb@yahoo.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
I am requesting information on Lessepian migration thru suez canal from
northern red sea of any scleractinian corals in to the eastern
mediterranean.
Thank you.
Ed Cordell
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Re: Lessepian migration
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 09:32:11 +0100
From: Imne Meliane <imene.meliane@ua.es>
To: Ed Cordell <ecordellgb@yahoo.co.uk>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
your best contact for Lessepsian migration is probably Dr. Bella Galil.
from the National Institute of Oceanography in Haifa Israel.
as for Scleractinarian in the Med (including the Eastern basin), you
should contcat H. Zibrowius, in Marseille.
 Both are in the working group on Invasive spp. of the CIESM, and you
can get their contcats in the following adress:
http://www.ciesm.org/people/addit.html
I did not hear about a lessepsian scleractinarian in the Med, at least
one that proved to be invasive. But there's a case of  a new immigrant
scleractinarian from the Southwest Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea,
having established itself only recently along the Israeli coast. Oculina
patagonica .
http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00227/contents/01/00539/s002270100539ch002.html
.
Hope this helps,
Imene
Ed Cordell wrote:
>I am requesting information on Lessepian migration thru suez canal from
>northern red sea of any scleractinian corals in to the eastern
mediterranean.
>
>Thank you.
>
>Ed Cordell
>
>~~~~~~~
>For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
>digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
>
>
~~~~~~~
For directions on subscribing and unsubscribing to coral-list or the
digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Cayman Islands: Internship Announcement
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:06:59 -0500
From: Carrie Manfrino <manfrino@reefresearch.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
____________________________________
INTERNSHIP ANNOUCEMENT
The Central Caribbean Marine Institute is announcing available spaces in our
summer internship programs in the Cayman Islands.  Internship credit is
available through Rutgers University.  We are extending the registration
deadline for qualified undergraduate and graduate applicants for our:
1) Structure and Diversity of Coral Reefs Internship
2) Coral Reef Fish Population Assessment: Occurrence and distribution of
Nassau
Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) and fish populations of Little Cayman and
Cayman
Brac.
This is a highly selective program, to ensure the best training possible
during
the research internship only a maximum of 12 students will be able to
participate at a time. Students will collect data to be used on a large
on-going study of the coral reef ecosystems of Little Cayman.
The goals of this program are:
(1) To increase the interest of future young scientists in coral reefs and
enhance their training,
(2) To learn more about coral reef communities and divulge this knowledge by
means of scientific publications, and
(3) To provide data that will assist in protecting these ecosystems.
For more information go to our website: www.reefresearch.org
Or contact us at info@reefresearch.org
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dr. Carrie Manfrino
Central Caribbean Marine Institute - USA
P.O. Box 1461
Princeton, NJ 08540
(609) 921-3590
CCMI - Cayman
PO Box 37
Little Cayman, Cayman Islands
(345) 948-0107
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Undergrad research program in Turks & Caicos
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:35:06 -0500
From: Ola Russell <ORussell@fieldstudies.org>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
THE SCHOOL FOR FIELD STUDIES SUMMER & FALL UNDERGRADUATE FIELD COURSES
The School for Field Studies (SFS), an environmental field studies program,
still has space in its Summer & Fall 2003 courses at out field station in
the Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies. Financial aid is still
available (you don't need to be receiving financial aid at your school to
qualify). SFS is accredited through Boston University.
Project focus: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF MARINE PARKS FOR SOUTH CAICOS ISLAND
Summer session I: June 9 - July 8 (four credits)
Summer session II: July 14 - August 12 (four credits)
Fall session: Sept. 8 - December 11 (16 credits)
Specific Topics include: marine parks as a means of resource development for
South Caicos; marine ecology, ecotourism, fish stock assessment and coastal
zone management. Course includes lectures, field exercises (snorkel or
SCUBA), research and field trips. Go to our website to read more about our
unique program.
http://www.fieldstudies.org/pages/programs/br_west_indies.html
Participants: undergraduate level college students
Credit: Summer = 4 credits; Semester = 16 credits; SFS is accredited through
Boston University.
Application: deadline April 30 for Summer & Fall 2003 programs; application
form is available on our website: www.fieldstudies.org
For more information contact: Lili Folsom (lfolsom@fieldstudies.org) or call
us at 1.800.989.4418
Lili Folsom
Director of Admissions
The School for Field Studies
10 Federal Street
Salem, MA 01970
978-741-3567
lfolsom@fieldstudies.orgwww.fieldstudies.org
Subject: Summer workshop for students
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 13:16:02 -0800
From: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
Organization: USF College of Marine Science
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
A student workshop on Biocomplexity in Shallow-Water Hydrothermal
Systems will be held May 25-31 in St. Petersburg, Florida.  The workshop
is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the University of
South Florida.  The course is open to 15 graduate and upper-level
undergraduate students from North America on a competitive basis.
Travel and living expenses will be provided to those chosen to
participate.
Further information, including details on how to apply, can be found at:
http://www.biocomplexity.usf.edu/biocomplexity.
Take a look, and please to send the address out to whomever might be
interested.
Pamela Hallock Muller, Professor
College of Marine Science
University of South Florida
St. Petersburg, Florida
~~~~~~~
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Subject: American Samoa Chief Biologist Position
Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 19:15:41 -0500
From: Will White <will@blueskynet.as>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources
American Samoan Government
POSITION DESCRIPTION: chief biologist
Application Deadline: April 11th, 2003
General description:
As Chief Biologist, the incumbent is responsible for planning and
implementing research studies pertinent to the fisheries resources programs
conducted by the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources (DMWR).
Duties:
       Responsible for providing expert technical guidance and advice to
the Director of the DMWR, and Territorial and United States governmental
agencies concerning fishery resources, and marine habitat management
(including protection, research, enhancement and mitigation)
       Assist the project specialists to undertake biological, ecological
research on reef, lagoonal and offshore resources in relation to fisheries
activities, including socio-economical aspects
       Support DMWRs Community Based Monitoring Program
       Assist in the implementation of field sampling programs, and the
analysis of resulting data, based on standardized methodologies
       Assist in assessing the status of reef resources and, where
possible, the impact of fisheries (subsistence, recreational and commercial)
       Assist in the preparation of reviews, technical reports and
scientific papers for publication, and present findings to regional and/or
scientific meetings
       Write interoffice and progress reports
       Experienced at presenting analysis results in written and oral form
to assist in the preparation of administrative and policy decisions, and the
preparation of federal grants proposals and reports.
       Supervise Principle Investigators and regularly assign technicians
and assistants
       Experience in Wildlife ecology will be an advantage
Qualifications:
       This position requires an individual with a minimum of a Masters
Degree (PhD preferred) in biological science with an emphasis on fisheries,
marine science or oceanography or related discipline
       Significant experience in reef fisheries research, including field
research programs
       Familiarity with ecosystem approaches to fishery resources
assessment and management.
       Experience with planning, coordinating, supervising and management
programs
       Experience with computer-based and statistical analysis of fishery,
social, or ecological data
       Excellent cross-cultural communication and work team skills
       five years of directly relevant experience.
Applicants are advised to include a list of their publications
Salary and hiring process:
The contract is for a two-year (2) period.  Pay will start at US$ 35,000 per
annum.  Annual leave and sick leave accumulate at 8 hours and 4 hours
respectively per bi-weekly pay period.  Both U.S. federal and American
Samoan holidays are observed.
Medical services are provided at the local hospital at subsidized rates.
Subsidized housing (80%) with minimal rent is provided in government owned
or leased properties.
Preference may be given to US and Pacific wide citizens, although qualified
people of other nationalities are encouraged to apply.  Point of hiring must
be from USA or Pacific region.
Application:
Mail, fax or email c.v., publication list and contact details for 3
references and a covering letter addressing the qualifications and
responsibilities indicated above to:
Ray Tulafono, Director
Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources
P.O. Box 3730
Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799
USA
Fax: (684) 633-5944
Email applications may be routed via Will White:
will@blueskynet.as
~~~~~~~
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Subject: ISRS/ICCB deadline
Date: Wed, 26 Mar 2003 11:15:41 -0500
From: "Daphne G. Fautin" <fautin@lark.cc.ku.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
ABSTRACT DEADLINE EXTENDED
        7th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COELENTERATE BIOLOGY
                2003 North American meeting of the
              INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
                6-11 July 2003, Lawrence, Kansas USA
The abstract deadline for this meeting has been extended a fortnight, to
15 April 2003.  Abstracts must be submitted electronically through the
ICCB website.  The correct URL of the website is
                http://web.nhm.ku.edu/inverts/iccb
Deadline for applications for the Student Travel Award Program of the ISRS
remains 1 April.  Please see the website for details.
Registration may be done on line through the website.  Details of program,
summary of field trips, specifications for presentations and publication,
and more are available on the website.  For additional information, please
contact Daphne Fautin, fautin@ku.edu.
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: SETAC Asia/Pacific and Australasian Society for Ecotoxicology (A
     SE) conference
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 07:56:21 -0500
From: Ross Jones <r.jones@marine.uq.edu.au>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
The Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (Asia/Pacific) is
holding a joint international conference with the Australasian Society for
Ecotoxicology (ASE) in Christchurch, New Zealand from 28 September - 1
October 2003
The conference theme: "Solutions to Pollution" reflects a desire to address
practical solutions to environmental issues facing the Asia/Pacific region.
There is a specific 'Tropical ecotoxicology' session, with the possibility
of a special issue of the journal Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry if
there is sufficient interest. The session is broad, but hopefully will
include all research relevant to tropical ecotoxicology, or
biomarkers/bioindicators in tropical organisms, or new techniques and
methods applied with tropical organisms. Abstracts are due by 2 May 2003
(see dates below).
Important dates
Abstract submission deadline: 2 May 2003
Author acceptance notification: 30 May 2003
Final scientific programme available on website: 30 June 2003
Deadline for submitting files for oral presentations: 14 September 2003
For complete abstract submission, registration, and housing information,
please go to www.ecotox.org.au/nz2003
For further information on the nature of the session please contact:
DR ROSS J JONES
Centre for Marine Studies (CMS)
THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND
Brisbane, QLD 4072, AUSTRALIA
e-mail: rjones@uq.edu.au
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html .
Subject: Undergrad research program in Turks & Caicos
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 10:13:24 -0500
From: Russell <mrustle@attbi.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
THE SCHOOL FOR FIELD STUDIES SUMMER & FALL UNDERGRADUATE FIELD COURSES
The School for Field Studies (SFS), an environmental field studies program,
still has space in its Summer & Fall 2003 courses at out field station in
the Turks and Caicos Islands, British West Indies. Financial aid is still
available (you don't need to be receiving financial aid at your school to
qualify). SFS is accredited through Boston University.
Project focus: ASSESSING THE ROLE OF MARINE PARKS FOR SOUTH CAICOS ISLAND
Summer session I: June 9 - July 8 (four credits)
Summer session II: July 14 - August 12 (four credits)
Fall session: Sept. 8 - December 11 (16 credits)
Specific Topics include: marine parks as a means of resource development for
South Caicos; marine ecology, ecotourism, fish stock assessment and coastal
zone management. Course includes lectures, field exercises (snorkel or
SCUBA), research and field trips. Go to our website to read more about our
unique program.
http://www.fieldstudies.org/pages/programs/br_west_indies.html
Participants: undergraduate level college students
Credit: Summer = 4 credits; Semester = 16 credits; SFS is accredited through
Boston University.
Application: deadline April 30 for Summer & Fall 2003 programs; application
form is available on our website: www.fieldstudies.org
For more information contact: Lili Folsom (lfolsom@fieldstudies.org) or call
us at 1.800.989.4418
Lili Folsom
Director of Admissions
The School for Field Studies
10 Federal Street
Salem, MA 01970
978-741-3567
lfolsom@fieldstudies.org
www.fieldstudies.org
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/
Subject: Caribbean Coral recruit ID
Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 17:56:06 +0000
From: "John McWilliams" <john_mcwilliams@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Coral-list
Can anyone suggest references on identifying Caribbean coral recruits  to
family level? I'll probably use a dissecting microscope to examine the
recruits on ceramic tiles that will be less than 4 months old. Being able to
ID Porites, Montastrea, Acropora, Agaricia and Diploria genera would be a
bonus.
Many thanks,
John
_________________________________________________________________
Get Hotmail on your mobile phone
http://www.msn.co.uk/msnmobile/mobilehotmail
~~~~~~~
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digests, please see http://www.coral.noaa.gov/lists/
Subject: Tropical Marine Biology Course - 3 spots left!
Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 09:36:09 -0500
From: Danny Gleason <dgleason@gasou.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Greetings All,
We still have 3 spots left for our Tropical Marine Biology summer course
that
will be held at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas during July 21 - August  4,
2003,
so I would appreciate it if you would make your students aware of  this.
Students will receive 4 semester hours of transfer credit  (undergraduate or
graduate) as long as their home institution agrees to it.  More information
about the course can be found at the following web site:
  http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Trop_Mar_Biol/TMB_Home_Page.html
Thanks for your help!
Cheers,
Danny
**************************************
Daniel Gleason
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University
P.O. Box 8042
Statesboro, GA  30460-8042
Phone: 912-681-5957
FAX: 912-681-0845
E-mail: dgleason@gasou.edu
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/Bio-home/Gleason/Gleason-home.html
**************************************
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Looking for...
Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 17:40:54 +0100
From: "Micky V. Schoelzke" <micky.schoelzke1@libertysurf.fr>
To: "coral list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Dear All,
I was wondering if anyone knew an email adress for Aaron Miroz (I tried
snail mail to the aquarium in Maui, but no luck).
Thanks in advance,
Micky Schoelzke
Subject: RFP 2004 - Caribbean Marine Research Center
Date: Fri, 28 Mar 2003 20:28:23 -0500
From: "CMRC" <cmrc@cmrc.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
http://www.cmrc.org/funding.htm
NOAA's Undersea Research Program (NURP)
CARIBBEAN MARINE RESEARCH CENTER
REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
FY2004
Undersea Research on Tropical and Subtropical Marine Ecosystems
As one of six NURP Centers under the auspices of NOAA's Undersea Research
Program (NURP) (www.nurp.noaa.gov), the Caribbean Marine Research Center
(CMRC) (www.cmrc.org) is presently soliciting proposals for undersea
research in the Caribbean region for FY2004. The present announcement is
soliciting pre-proposals for two specific funding opportunities:
1)      NURP funds for two year projects focusing on NOAA/NURP research
priorities under the research theme of Examinations of the effectiveness of
'no-take' marine protected areas to be initiated in 2004; and
2)      NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (NCRCP) funds for one to two
year projects (with one year preferred) that address the following priority
research needs for the U.S. Caribbean: overfishing, pollution, coral disease
and bleaching, and invasive species, and the impact of these stressors on
coral reef ecosystems.  The evaluation of management effectiveness is also
encouraged. Note that there is requirement of 50% non-federal match for
these funds.
These competitions are contingent upon CMRC receiving adequate funds from
NOAA/NURP.
PROPOSAL SUBMISSION
Please note that preproposals are required. See the Proposal Guidelines for
full description of the FY2004 Request for Proposals and instructions for
submitting proposals.
At this time we are soliciting pre-proposals for undersea research in the
Caribbean for the year 2004 in the two funding opportunities outlined above.
For Funding Opportunity #1: Proposals will be accepted for work at any site
in the Caribbean pertinent to U.S. interests, but priority areas for
operations are Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas, Puerto Rico, and the U.S.
Virgin Islands.
For Funding Opportunity #2: Proposals will be accepted for work at any site
in the U.S. Caribbean, which includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin
Islands.
CMRC also encourages innovative uses of existing data and inter-site
comparisons throughout the Caribbean. The in situ approach supported by NURP
allows acquisition of otherwise unobtainable observations, samples,
exploration, and experimentation related to NOAA's priority research
objectives.
Eligible applicants are U.S. institutions of higher education,
not-for-profit institutions, and state, local and Indian tribal governments.
Proposals may include federal researchers as collaborators with a researcher
who is affiliated with a U.S. academic institution, non-federal agency, or
any other non-profit organization.  Federal organizations may not charge
federal salary, travel, or overhead, but other categories are appropriate.
For proposals with a federal partner, the federal partner will receive funds
through an inter-agency transfer (or intra-agency in the case of a NOAA
partner) from the national NURP office.
If you are interested in submitting a proposal that addresses any of these
funding opportunities and you require further information please contact
CMRC at the address below. Pre-proposals are required and must be submitted
by email by May 15, 2003. Pre-proposals should be <3 pages and give a
summary of the proposed research, describe research goals and
facilities/equipment requirements, outline time or logistic constraints,
give area of operations including depths, and estimate the level of support
required. This will ensure that appropriate research guidelines are
addressed, and permit operations staff to evaluate feasibility.
Proposal budgets for CMRC funded projects generally range from $10-70K for
direct scientific support.  Smaller feasibility studies (<$5K) may also be
supported as program development projects (see www.cmrc.org for details).
Proposals that have co-funding for data analysis and investigator salaries
have the greatest rate of approval.  Funding of the second year of proposals
will be contingent upon progress and funding availability.
On the basis of the pre-proposals, requests for final proposals will be
issued together with final submission guidelines. Final proposals are due at
CMRC by August 1, 2002. Following peer review of the proposals, a rebuttal
process, and recommendations from CMRC's Technical Review Panel, research
projects will be ranked on the basis of scientific merit, match to NOAA/NURP
and NCRCP programmatic goals, contribution to research theme, and logistical
considerations. Investigators will be notified of the status of their
proposals by January 2003.
DEADLINE FOR PRE-PROPOSALS IS MAY 15, 2003
DEADLINE FOR FULL PROPOSALS IS AUGUST 1, 2003
Address proposals, questions, or comments to:
John Marr, Ph.D., Center Director
        561-741-0192  Voice
        jmarr@cmrc.org
Caribbean Marine Research Center
100 North U.S. Highway 1, Suite 202
Jupiter, FL 33477
  561-741-0193  Fax
Please see our web site (www.cmrc.org) for more details on our programs,
information and guidelines for proposal preparation, previous research
projects, publication list, and present research activities.
http://www.cmrc.org/funding.htm
~~~~~~~
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Subject: Coral Calcium
Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 10:39:46 -0500
From: "Lynn Davidson" <esint@erols.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Have you seen this?
-----Original Message-----
From: Lauren Coules [mailto:Lavoneigii@lycos.ne.jp]
Sent: Wednesday, March 26, 2003 4:23 AM
To: esint@erols.com
Subject: Nutritional Break Through, Look Better Now esint
Do you know why the healthiest and longest living people reside in
Okinawa Japan?
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See what Doctors World Wide are saying about Coracal.
Get the facts
CoraCal is made with 100% pure Okinawa Marine Coral Calcium
which has the highest rate of Calcium absorption into the bloodstream
and Calcium Orotate, a mineral carrier that maximizes the absorption
rate and delivers the Coral Calcium to where the body needs it most.
This formula is 100% Natural and not available anywhere else in the
world!
See what the New England Journal of Medicine, Science News and US News
Report have to Say. Get the facts
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~~~~~~~
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Subject: needing to reach out to reef researchers...
Date: Mon, 31 Mar 2003 12:10:01 -0500
From: Douglas Zook <dzook@bu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Greetings:  I am seeking to inform as soon as possible those involved
in coral reef research about our special international congress set
for later this year.
The Fourth International Symbiosis Congress will be held at Saint
Mary's University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada this August 17-23.
The Congress features an overall theme of "global threats to
symbionts," and includes an opening address by Ove Hoegh-Guldberg of
Qeensland University.  Other symposia include marine symbioses as led
by Margaret McFall-Ngai of the University of Hawaii, Cyanobacterial
symbioses as led by Birgitta Bergman of Stockholm University.
symbiosis in evolution as led by Lynn Margulis, University of
Massachusetts, Deep sea chemoautotrophic systems as led by Charles
Fisher of Penn State University, Horizontal gene transfer with
Charles Delwiche of the University of Maryland, Nutrient interactions
in symbiosis as led by Kristin Palmqvuist of Umea Unievrsity, Sweden,
among others.
        This promises to be a dynamic and unique week.  Indeed, it is
the only opportunity where those involved with coral-dino symbioses
or other marine symbioses can interact not only with each other but
with those involved in N-fixation, mycorrhizae, and other symbiotic
systems.
        Please access the Congress web site at
http://people.bu.edu/dzook/ for the full scientific programme, the
latest information, as well as registration, accommodations, and
submission of papers procedures.  Thank you!
Douglas Zook, President
International Symbiosis Society
Associate Professor
Boston University, USA
(dzook@bu.edu)
--
~~~~~~~
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