UI  - 97479605
PM  - 9339686
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Rosenbaum JL
AU  - Almli CR
AU  - Yundt KD
AU  - Altman DI
AU  - Powers WJ
TI  - Higher neonatal cerebral blood flow correlates with worse childhood
      neurologic outcome.
MH  - Cerebrovascular Circulation/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - *Child Development
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Human
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Intelligence
MH  - *Nervous System Physiology
MH  - Neurologic Examination
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Tomography, Emission-Computed
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Neurology
IS  - 0028-3878
JC  - NZ0
PG  - 1035-1041
IP  - 4
VI  - 49
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in newborn infants is often below levels
      necessary to sustain brain viability in adults. Controversy exists
      regarding the effects of such low CBF on subsequent neurologic
      function. We determined the current childhood neurologic status and IQ
      in 26 subjects who had measurements of CBF performed with PET in the
      neonatal period between 1983 and 1989 as part of a study of hypoxic-
      ischemic encephalopathy. Follow-up information at ages 4 to 12 years
      was obtained on all 26 subjects. Ten subjects had died. All 16
      survivors underwent clinical neurologic evaluation, and 14 also
      underwent intelligence testing. Eight had abnormal clinical neurologic
      evaluations; eight were normal. The mean neonatal CBF in those with
      abnormal childhood neurologic outcome was significantly higher than in
      those with normal childhood neurologic outcome (35.64 +/- 11.80 versus
      18.26 +/- 8.62 mL 100 g(-1) min(-1), t = 3.36, p = 0.005). A
      significant negative correlation between neonatal CBF and childhood IQ
      was demonstrated (Spearman rank correlation r = -0.675, p = 0.008).
      Higher CBF was associated with lower IQ. The higher CBF in subjects
      with worse neurologic and intellectual outcome may reflect greater loss
      of cerebrovascular autoregulation or other vascular regulatory
      mechanisms due to more severe brain damage.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
      Louis Children's Hospital, MO 63110, USA.
SO  - Neurology 1997 Oct;49(4):1035-1041
UI  - 98018928
PM  - 9357896
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Rossner KL
AU  - Freese KJ
TI  - Bupivacaine inhibition of L-type calcium current in ventricular
      cardiomyocytes of hamster.
MH  - Anesthetics, Local/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Bupivacaine/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Calcium Channels/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Heart/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Male
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine)
RN  - 0 (Calcium Channels)
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics, Local)
RN  - 0 (dihydropyridine receptor)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Anesthesiology
IS  - 0003-3022
JC  - 4SG
PG  - 926-934
IP  - 4
VI  - 87
AB  - BACKGROUND: The local anesthetic bupivacaine is cardiotoxic when
      accidentally injected into the circulation. Such cardiotoxicity might
      involve an inhibition of cardiac L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L). This
      study was designed to define the mechanism of bupivacaine inhibition of
      ICa,L. METHODS: Cardiomyocytes were enzymatically dispersed from
      hamster ventricles. Certain voltage- and time-dependencies of ICa,L
      were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp method in the presence
      and absence of different concentrations of bupivacaine. RESULTS:
      Bupivacaine, in a concentration-dependent manner (10-300 microM),
      tonically inhibited the peak amplitude of ICa,L. The inhibition was
      characterized by an increase in the time of recovery from inactivation
      and a negative-voltage shift of the steady-state inactivation curve.
      The inhibition was shown to be voltage-dependent, and the peak
      amplitude of ICa,L could not be restored to control levels by a wash
      from bupivacaine. CONCLUSIONS: The inhibition of ICa,L appears, in
      part, to result from bupivacaine predisposing L-type Ca channels to the
      inactivated state. Data from washout suggest that there may be two
      mechanisms of inhibition at work. Bupivacaine may bind with low
      affinity to the Ca channel and also affect an unidentified metabolic
      component that modulates Ca channel function.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola,
      New York, USA. krossner@epo.som.sunysb.edu
SO  - Anesthesiology 1997 Oct;87(4):926-934
UI  - 97443327
PM  - 9298188
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shi Y
AU  - Weimer PJ
AU  - Ralph J
TI  - Formation of formate and hydrogen, and flux of reducing equivalents and
      carbon in Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1.
MH  - Acetates/*METABOLISM
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/METABOLISM/ANALYSIS
MH  - Carbon Dioxide/METABOLISM
MH  - Cellobiose/METABOLISM
MH  - Cellulose/METABOLISM
MH  - Fermentation
MH  - Formates/*METABOLISM
MH  - Gram-Positive Cocci/*METABOLISM/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/ENZYMOLOGY
MH  - Hydrogen/*METABOLISM
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Hydrogenase/METABOLISM
MH  - Lactic Acid/METABOLISM
MH  - Phosphoenolpyruvate/METABOLISM
MH  - Pyruvic Acid/METABOLISM
MH  - Succinic Acid/*METABOLISM
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
RN  - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)
RN  - 73-89-2 (Phosphoenolpyruvate)
RN  - 50-21-5 (Lactic Acid)
RN  - 16462-44-5 (Cellobiose)
RN  - 1333-74-0 (Hydrogen)
RN  - 127-17-3 (Pyruvic Acid)
RN  - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide)
RN  - 110-15-6 (Succinic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Formates)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Acetates)
RN  - EC 1.18.99.1 (Hydrogenase)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
IS  - 0003-6072
JC  - 6JE
PG  - 101-109
IP  - 2
VI  - 72
AB  - A pathway for conversion of the metabolic intermediate
      phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and the formation of acetate, succinate,
      formate, and H2 in the anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Ruminococcus
      flavefaciens FD-1 was constructed on the basis of enzyme activities
      detected in extracts of cells grown in cellulose- or cellobiose-limited
      continuous culture. PEP was converted to acetate and CO2 (via pyruvate
      kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and acetate kinase) or carboxylated to
      form succinate (via PEP carboxykinase, malate dehydrogenase, fumarase,
      and fumarate reductase). Lactate was not formed even during rapid
      growth (batch culture, mu = 0.35/h). H2 was formed by a hydrogenase
      rather than by cleavage of formate, and 13C-NMR and 14C-exchange
      reaction data indicated that formate was produced by CO2 reduction, not
      by a cleavage of pyruvate. The distribution of PEP into the acetate and
      succinate pathways was not affected by changing extracellular pH and
      growth rates within the normal growth range. However, increasing growth
      rate from 0.017/h to 0.244/h resulted in a shift toward formate
      production, presumably at the expense of H2. This shift suggested that
      reducing equivalents could be balanced through formate or H2 production
      without affecting the yields of the major carbon-containing
      fermentation endproducts.
AD  - Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.
SO  - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1997 Aug;72(2):101-109
UI  - 97408530
PM  - 9263049
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mallinckrodt CH
AU  - Golden BL
AU  - Reverter A
TI  - Approximate confidence intervals for heritability from method R
      estimates.
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animal
MH  - Animals, Domestic/*GENETICS
MH  - Confidence Intervals
MH  - Female
MH  - *Genetics/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Male
MH  - *Models, Genetic
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Time Factors
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - J Anim Sci
IS  - 0021-8812
JC  - HC7
PG  - 2041-2046
IP  - 8
VI  - 75
AB  - Method R estimates of heritability (h2) and associated confidence
      intervals (CI) were obtained from simulated data using a single trait,
      direct effects, full animal model, with 50% subsampling. Five hundred
      data sets were simulated for each of five levels of h2 (.10, .20, .30,
      .40, and .50) and two types of pedigree structure (random pedigree
      structure [N = 2,000] that varied over simulations, or the pedigree
      structure from a real data set [N = 2,644] that was constant for all
      simulations). The first 10, 20, and all 50 h2 estimates were used to
      obtain 80, 90, 95, and 99% CI for each data set. The variance of h2
      estimates within data sets approximated the sampling variance of the h2
      estimates. The Box-Cox transformation was used to normalize the
      distribution of estimates from each data set. Confidence intervals were
      computed on the transformed scale as CI = mu +/- (T x sigma), where mu
      and sigma = the mean and SD of the N transformed h2 estimates,
      respectively, and T = the critical value from the T distribution for a
      1-alpha CI, with df = N-1. Upper and lower CI bounds were converted
      back to the original scale by reversing the transformation. The
      percentages of CI containing the true h2 value, pooled across all
      levels of h2, types of pedigree, and number of estimates used to obtain
      CI, for 80, 90, 95, and 99% CI were 81.14, 90.96, 95.27, and 98.76%,
      respectively. These results suggested that Method R h2 estimates can be
      used to obtain reliable CI.
AD  - Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
      80523, USA.
SO  - J Anim Sci 1997 Aug;75(8):2041-2046
UI  - 97453431
PM  - 9308130
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Therneau TM
AU  - Hamilton SA
TI  - rhDNase as an example of recurrent event analysis.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Child
MH  - Cystic Fibrosis/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Data Collection/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Deoxyribonuclease I/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Expectorants/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Granulomatous Disease, Chronic/*THERAPY
MH  - Human
MH  - Interferon-gamma, Recombinant/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - *Mathematical Computing
MH  - *Models, Statistical
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Risk
MH  - *Software
MH  - *Survival Analysis
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Interferon-gamma, Recombinant)
RN  - 0 (Expectorants)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.1 (Deoxyribonuclease I)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (dornase alfa)
DP  - 1997 Sep 30
TA  - Stat Med
IS  - 0277-6715
JC  - SIM
PG  - 2029-2047
IP  - 18
VI  - 16
AB  - We consider counting process methods for analysing time-to-event data
      with multiple or recurrent outcomes, using the models developed by
      Anderson and Gill, Wei, Lin and Weissfeld and Prentice, Williams and
      Peterson. We compare the methods, and show how to implement them using
      popular statistical software programs. By analysing three data sets, we
      illustrate the strengths and pitfalls of each method. The first example
      is simulated and involves the effect of a hidden covariate. The second
      is based on a trial of gamma interferon, and behaves remarkably like
      the first. The third and most interesting example involves both
      multiple events and discontinuous intervals at risk, and the three
      approaches give dissimilar answers. We recommend the AG and marginal
      models for the analysis of this type of data.
AD  - Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MI, USA.
SO  - Stat Med 1997 Sep 30;16(18):2029-2047
UI  - 97461352
PM  - 9317033
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ghosh SK
AU  - Samuelson J
TI  - Involvement of p21racA, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and vacuolar ATPase
      in phagocytosis of bacteria and erythrocytes by Entamoeba histolytica:
      suggestive evidence for coincidental evolution of amebic invasiveness.
MH  - Ammonium Chloride/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Androstadienes/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Antibiotics, Macrolide/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Bacteria
MH  - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Entamoeba histolytica/*PATHOGENICITY/GENETICS/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Erythrocytes
MH  - Evolution
MH  - G-Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Immunologic Capping
MH  - Leucine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Macrophages/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Monensin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phagocytosis/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Pinocytosis
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transformation, Genetic
MH  - Vacuoles/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/*METABOLISM/GENETICS
RN  - 7005-03-0 (Leucine)
RN  - 66701-25-5 (E 64)
RN  - 19545-26-7 (wortmannin)
RN  - 17090-79-8 (Monensin)
RN  - 127315-79-1 (rac proteins)
RN  - 12125-02-9 (Ammonium Chloride)
RN  - 0 (G-Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Macrolide)
RN  - 0 (Androstadienes)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.137 (1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Infect Immun
IS  - 0019-9567
JC  - GO7
PG  - 4243-4249
IP  - 10
VI  - 65
AB  - Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica, the protozoan parasite that
      causes amebic dysentery, phagocytose bacteria in the colonic lumen and
      erythrocytes (RBC) in host tissues. Because tissue invasion is an
      evolutionary dead end, it is likely that amebic pathogenicity is
      coincidentally selected, i.e., the same methods used to kill bacteria
      in the colonic lumen are used by parasites to damage host cells and
      cause disease. In support of this idea, the amebic lectin and pore-
      forming peptide are involved in binding and killing, respectively,
      bacteria and host epithelial cells. Here amebic phagocytosis of
      bacteria, RBC, and mucin-coated beads was disrupted by overexpression
      of E. histolytica p21(racA-V12), a ras-family protein involved in
      selection of sites of actin polymerization, which had been mutated to
      eliminate its GTPase activity. p21(racA-V12) transformants were also
      defective in capping and cytokinesis, while pinocytosis of fluorescent
      dextrans was not affected. Wortmannin, a fungal inhibitor of
      phosphoinositide 3-kinase, markedly inhibited phagocytosis of bacteria,
      RBC, and mucin-coated beads by wild-type amebae. In contrast to
      p21(racA-V12) overexpression, wortmannin abolished amebic pinocytosis
      of dextrans but had no inhibitory effects on capping. Inhibition of
      amebic vacuolar acidification by bafilomycin also decreased bacterial
      and RBC uptake. These results, which demonstrate similarities between
      mechanisms of phagocytosis of bacteria and RBC by amebae and
      macrophages, support the idea of coincidental selection of amebic genes
      encoding proteins that mediate destruction of host cells.
AD  - Department of Tropical Public Health, Harvard School of Public Health,
      Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
SO  - Infect Immun 1997 Oct;65(10):4243-4249
UI  - 97470578
PM  - 9331038
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Crawford RW
AU  - Ellis AM
AU  - Gie GA
AU  - Ling RS
TI  - Intra-articular local anaesthesia for pain after hip arthroplasty.
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Anesthetics, Local/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Arthrography
MH  - Bupivacaine/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Hip Prosthesis/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Human
MH  - Injections, Intra-Articular
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Pain Measurement
MH  - Pain, Postoperative/RADIOGRAPHY/*ETIOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Prosthesis Failure
RN  - 2180-92-9 (Bupivacaine)
RN  - 0 (Anesthetics, Local)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - J Bone Joint Surg Br
IS  - 0301-620X
JC  - HK7
PG  - 796-800
IP  - 5
VI  - 79
AB  - We investigated 15 patients with painful hip arthroplasties using intra-
      articular injection of bupivicaine. Fourteen had pain relief and 13 of
      them were subsequently found to have loosening of one or both
      components. The relief of pain after total hip arthroplasty by intra-
      articular injection of bupivicaine indicates that a satisfactory result
      is probable after revision surgery with refixation of the components.
AD  - Princess Elizabeth Orthopaedic Hospital, Exeter, UK.
SO  - J Bone Joint Surg Br 1997 Sep;79(5):796-800
UI  - 98021690
PM  - 9382160
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ifudu O
AU  - Macey LJ
AU  - Homel P
AU  - Hyppolite JC
AU  - Hong J
AU  - Sumrani N
AU  - Distant D
AU  - Sommer BG
AU  - Friedman EA
TI  - Determinants of type of initial hemodialysis vascular access.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - *Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - *Catheters, Indwelling/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Decision Making
MH  - Female
MH  - Graft Occlusion, Vascular/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Hemodialysis/*METHODS
MH  - Human
MH  - Kidney Failure, Chronic/THERAPY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Polytetrafluoroethylene/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Thrombosis/ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY
RN  - 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Am J Nephrol
IS  - 0250-8095
JC  - 3MB
PG  - 425-427
IP  - 5
VI  - 17
AB  - Vascular access thrombosis is more common with polytetrafluoroethylene
      (PTFE) grafts than with native arteriovenous fistulae (AVF). Recent
      studies report an unexplained excess vascular access morbidity in women
      on hemodialysis. We studied 92 consecutive end-stage renal disease
      (ESRD) patients receiving their first permanent hemodialysis vascular
      access at initiation of hemodialysis to identify variables that
      determine assignment of either a PTFE graft or a native AVF.
      Independent variables included: age, gender, race, etiology of ESRD,
      and whether or not access surgery was electively planned before need
      for dialytic therapy. The 51 women and 41 men included 65 blacks, 13
      Hispanics, 11 whites, and 3 Orientals aged 50 +/- (SD) 16 years. Of the
      92 subjects, 54 (59%) received an AVF, while 38 (41%) received a PTFE
      graft. 36 (94%) of 38 PTFE grafts were placed in the upper arm as
      compared with 9 (17%) of 54 AVF (p = 0.0001). Also, 45 (83%) of 54 AVF
      were placed in the forearm as compared with only 2 (6%) of 38 PTFE
      grafts (p = 0.0001). Women were more likely to receive a PTFE graft -
      28 (55%) of 51 - than men - 10 (24%) of 41 (p = 0.003). By contrast,
      men were more likely to get an AVF - 31 (76%) of 41 - than women - 23
      (45 %) of 51 (p = 0.003). The log linear analysis confirmed that this
      finding was significant (p = 0.0018) for the coefficient of interaction
      between gender and type of vascular access. No other independent
      variable had a significant relationship with type of vascular access.
      We conclude that women with ESRD are more likely to receive a PTFE
      graft for hemodialysis, while men are more likely to get an AVF. These
      findings may explain, in part, the reported excess vascular access
      morbidity in women on hemodialysis.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Scientific and Academic Computing Center, State
      University of New York Health Science Center, Brooklyn 11203, USA.
SO  - Am J Nephrol 1997 ;17(5):425-427
UI  - 97446537
PM  - 9301125
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Oki T
AU  - Yamazaki Y
AU  - Furumai T
AU  - Igarashi Y
TI  - Pradimicin, a mannose-binding antibiotic, induced carbohydrate-mediated
      apoptosis in U937 cells.
MH  - Antibiotics/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Antibiotics, Anthracycline/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Antigens, Surface/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Apoptosis/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Carbohydrates/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Neoplasm/CHEMISTRY/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
MH  - Human
MH  - Leukemia, Myeloid/METABOLISM
MH  - Mannose/METABOLISM
MH  - Oligosaccharides/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - 1-Deoxynojirimycin/PHARMACOLOGY
RN  - 31103-86-3 (Mannose)
RN  - 19130-96-2 (1-Deoxynojirimycin)
RN  - 0 (Oligosaccharides)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm)
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Surface)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Anthracycline)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
IS  - 0916-8451
JC  - BDP
PG  - 1408-1410
IP  - 8
VI  - 61
AB  - Pradimicin (PRM), a mannose-binding antifungal antibiotic, recognizes a
      D-mannoside in the presence of calcium. We demonstrated that BMY-28864,
      a semi-synthetic analog of PRM, induced apoptosis in U937 cells which
      had been incubated with 1-deoxymannojirimycin (DMJ). Characteristic
      morphological changes such as formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA
      fragmentation were observed in apoptotic cells.
AD  - Toyama Prefectural University, Biotechnology Research Center, Japan.
      oki@pu-toyama.ac.jp
SO  - Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997 Aug;61(8):1408-1410
UI  - 98018494
PM  - 9378488
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kadena T
AU  - Matsuzaki G
AU  - Fujise S
AU  - Kishihara K
AU  - Takimoto H
AU  - Sasaki M
AU  - Beppu M
AU  - Nakamura S
AU  - Nomoto K
TI  - TCR alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- T cells differentiate extrathymically in an
      lck-independent manner and participate in early response against
      Listeria monocytogenes infection through interferon-gamma production.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Antigens, CD4/ANALYSIS
MH  - Antigens, CD8/ANALYSIS
MH  - Ascitic Fluid/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Cell Culture
MH  - Cell Differentiation/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Cytokines/METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Interferon Type II/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Listeria Infections/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase
      p56(lck)/IMMUNOLOGY/*DEFICIENCY
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred Strains
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/*ANALYSIS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*IMMUNOLOGY
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD8)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD4)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.- (Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck))
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Immunology
IS  - 0019-2805
JC  - GH7
PG  - 511-519
IP  - 4
VI  - 91
AB  - T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta+ CD4- CD8- (double-negative; DN) T
      cells appear in the peritoneal cavity at an early stage of
      intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with the intracellular pathogen
      Listeria monocytogenes. In the present report, we analysed the
      developmental pathway and functions of the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells
      using the L. monocytogenes infection system. The TCR alpha beta+ DN T
      cells appeared in the peritoneal cavity after L. monocytogenes i.p.
      infection in adult-thymectomized lethally irradiated bone marrow
      chimeras and p56lck-deficient mice. The results demonstrated that the
      TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells can develop extrathymically in a p56lck-
      independent manner. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-
      PCR) analysis showed that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells expressed
      genes for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), the macrophage chemotactic
      factors MCP-1 and Eta-1, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating
      factor (GM-CSF) but lacked expression of genes for interleukin-2 (IL-
      2), IL-4 and IL-10. As expected from the RT-PCR analysis, the TCR alpha
      beta+ DN T cells produced IFN-gamma in response to anti-TCR beta
      monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-CD3 mAb and L. monocytogenes-infected
      macrophages but IL-4 was undetectable after the stimulation.
      Furthermore, the intracellular cytokine staining analysis demonstrated
      that approximately half of the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells detectable at
      the early stage of L. monocytogenes infection were IFN-gamma-producing
      cells. All of the results suggest that the TCR alpha beta+ DN T cells
      develop through a unique extrathymic p56lck-independent pathway and
      participate in early protection against bacterial infection through
      activation and accumulation of macrophages.
AD  - Department of Immunology, Kyushu University, Japan.
SO  - Immunology 1997 Aug;91(4):511-519
UI  - 97443625
PM  - 9298438
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mohr DC
AU  - Goodkin DE
AU  - Likosky W
AU  - Beutler L
AU  - Gatto N
AU  - Langan MK
TI  - Identification of Beck Depression Inventory items related to multiple
      sclerosis.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Depressive Disorder/*PSYCHOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*PSYCHOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Personality Inventory/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Sick Role
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - J Behav Med
IS  - 0160-7715
JC  - J58
PG  - 407-414
IP  - 4
VI  - 20
AB  - The percentage contribution of each item on the Beck Depression
      Inventory (BDI) to the total BDI score was compared across patients
      with multiple sclerosis (MS), patients diagnosed with major depressive
      disorder, and normal college students. We considered an item to be
      confounded by MS-related symptoms if its percentage contribution to the
      total BDI score was significantly greater in the MS group than the
      major depression and control groups. Items measuring work difficulty,
      fatigue, and concerns about health met this criterion. These items
      accounted for 34, 17, and 19% of the total BDI score in the MS, major
      depression, and control groups, respectively. Using the 18-item BDI
      (BDI-18) which resulted from excluding the 3 confounded items, MS
      patients found to be were more depressed than controls but less
      depressed than the major depression group. The identification of signs
      of depression not confounded with MS which could be substituted for
      confounded signs was also discussed.
AD  - UCSF/Mt. Zion MS Center 94115-1642, USA.
SO  - J Behav Med 1997 Aug;20(4):407-414
UI  - 97425672
PM  - 9279722
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Flehmig B
AU  - Staedele H
AU  - Xueref C
AU  - Vidor E
AU  - Zuckerman J
AU  - Zuckerman A
TI  - Early appearance of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination with an
      inactivated hepatitis A vaccine.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/*ANALYSIS
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatitis A/PREVENTION & CONTROL
MH  - Hepatitis A Virus, Human/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Neutralization Tests
MH  - Radioimmunoassay
MH  - Vaccines, Inactivated/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
RN  - 0 (Viral Hepatitis Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Inactivated)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (hepatitis A vaccine)
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - J Infect
IS  - 0163-4453
JC  - IG9
PG  - 37-40
IP  - 1
VI  - 35
AB  - Sera from 30 subjects vaccinated with the Pasteur Merieux Serums &
      Vaccins (PM) inactivated hepatitis A vaccine, and from 30 subjects
      vaccinated with the Smithkline Beecham (SB) inactivated hepatitis A
      vaccine, were tested in two laboratories in order to provide
      comparative data on neutralizing activities of vaccine-induced
      antibodies. Sera were also evaluated by a modified radioimmunoassay
      (mRIA) and results were compared to neutralization assays results.
      Neutralizing antibody titres provided by the two laboratories
      correlated well (coefficient or correlation 0.42, P < 0.001).
      Neutralizing antibodies were detected after vaccination with both
      vaccines, and the kinetics of neutralizing antibody were the same with
      both vaccines. The titres gradually increased between the second week
      after the first dose and the post-booster dose (week 28). A strong
      booster effect of the booster vaccine dose on neutralizing titres was
      observed. Significantly higher neutralizing antibody titres with the PM
      vaccine were observed as early immune response on week 2 titres on both
      series of results. Vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody titres and
      vaccine-induced antibody mRIA titres correlated well (coefficient of
      correlation 0.82 and 0.72, respectively, P < 0.0001 in both cases).
      These results demonstrate early appearance of neutralizing antibody at
      high titre with the PM vaccine.
AD  - Hygiene-Institut der Universitat Tubingen, Abteilung fur Medizinische
      Virologie und Epidemiologie der Viruskrankheiten, Germany.
SO  - J Infect 1997 Jul;35(1):37-40
UI  - 98031862
PM  - 9366534
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Yang WT
AU  - Yeo W
AU  - Leung SF
AU  - Chan YL
AU  - Johnson PJ
AU  - Metreweli C
TI  - MRI and CT of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma causing spinal cord
      compression.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bone Neoplasms/*SECONDARY/RADIOGRAPHY
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*SECONDARY/DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Fatal Outcome
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - *Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Spinal Cord Compression/*ETIOLOGY
MH  - Spinal Neoplasms/SECONDARY/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - *Tomography, X-Ray Computed
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Clin Radiol
IS  - 0009-9260
JC  - DIU
PG  - 755-760
IP  - 10
VI  - 52
AB  - We report the imaging features in five patients with metastatic
      hepatocellular carcinoma causing spinal cord compression, three of
      which were biopsy proven and two were in patients with known diagnosis
      of hepatocellular carcinoma. The radiographic, magnetic resonance
      imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) features are highlighted.
      Although the occurrence of metastatic disease in hepatocellular
      carcinoma is exceedingly rare, it may be increasingly encountered as
      survival of patients is improved with advancing methods of therapy,
      both surgical and palliative. It often accompanies local recurrence,
      and invariably signals a grave prognosis with extremely short life
      expectancy. Unusually, two of the five patients in this series
      presented initially with skeletal metastases which led to the diagnosis
      of hepatocellular carcinoma.
AD  - Department of Diagnostic Radiology & Organ Imaging, Chinese University
      of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
SO  - Clin Radiol 1997 Oct;52(10):755-760
UI  - 97438897
PM  - 9293364
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Tripp HF
AU  - Robicsek F
AU  - Thomason M
AU  - Thubrikar M
TI  - Transected thoracic aorta: age-specific differences in incidence and
      possible reasons.
MH  - Accidents, Traffic/MORTALITY
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Aorta, Thoracic/SURGERY/*INJURIES
MH  - Aortic Rupture/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - North Carolina/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Registries/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Survival Analysis
MH  - Thoracic Injuries/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Wounds, Nonpenetrating/*SURGERY/MORTALITY/ETIOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Jun
TA  - Cardiovasc Surg
IS  - 0967-2109
JC  - B39
PG  - 291-294
IP  - 3
VI  - 5
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of aortic
      transaction in relation to age, and to examine possible reasons for the
      observed differences. Data from the North Carolina Medical Database
      over a 7-year period were examined for the total number of motor
      vehicle accident victims and for the subset with aortic rupture, based
      on age at presentation. Data were then divided into 10-year intervals
      and the differences analyzed using chi-square analysis. Differences
      among various age groups were statistically significant (P = 0.0001).
      The highest rate was in the 21-30-year-old age group and average
      incidence for all ages was 0.7%. High incidence of aortic transaction
      in the 21-30-year-old group may be due to an increase in high-risk
      behaviors in such persons, to an improved survival compared with other
      age ranges, or to an inherent susceptibility of the aorta at this stage
      of life. These data have important implications for the diagnosis and
      treatment of aortic transaction and should be taken into account when
      developing practice guidelines for its management.
AD  - Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Carolinas Heart
      Institute, Carolinas Medical Center, North Carolina, USA.
SO  - Cardiovasc Surg 1997 Jun;5(3):291-294
UI  - 97430226
PM  - 9377289
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Martinez Perez-Balsa A
AU  - Marti-Masso JF
AU  - Carrera N
AU  - Urtasun M
TI  - Clinical variability of bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Amnesia/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Ataxia/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Basal Ganglia Diseases/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Cerebellum/PATHOLOGY
MH  - *Cerebral Infarction/PATHOLOGY/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Consciousness Disorders/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Dysarthria/ETIOLOGY
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Ocular Motility Disorders/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Thalamus/PATHOLOGY/*BLOOD SUPPLY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Rev Neurol
IS  - 0210-0010
JC  - CG9
PG  - 1353-1362
IP  - 145
VI  - 25
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Thalamic infarcts in paramedian artery territory are seen
      fairly frequently owing to certain peculiarities of the vascularization
      of the thalamus. However, clinical diagnosis is usually difficult
      because of the many varieties and peculiarities of the symptomatology.
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a review of twelve cases of bilateral
      paramedian infarcts of the thalamus seen in our Department of Neurology
      and in a private surgery. We analyze the symptoms and their
      relationship to the neuro-radiological findings. Finally we compare our
      observations with the descriptions published by other authors and seek
      and anatomo-functional relationship for each of the symptoms and signs
      observed. RESULTS: The usual clinical outline in our patients included
      disorders of consciousness, different types of oculomotor disorders and
      cerebellar symptoms, mainly of gait. Other less common findings were
      memory disorders and abnormal movements. In no case were there sensory
      changes and pyramidal signs were rare in the absence of significant
      extra-thalamic lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, although generally
      comparable to those described in the literature consulted, were
      somewhat different with regard to cerebellar symptoms and the absence
      of sensory and pyramidal signs. We also emphasize the marked
      differences seen between the individual patients in our series. A good
      knowledge of the possible clinical variants of these lesions is
      necessary for a correct initial diagnostic approach in the study of
      these patients.
AD  - Servicio de Neurologia, Hospital Ntra. Sra. de Aranzazu, San Sebastian,
      Guipuzcoa, Espana.
SO  - Rev Neurol 1997 Sep;25(145):1353-1362
UI  - 98026111
PM  - 9379299
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ivanov VA
AU  - Navone GT
AU  - Martorelli SR
TI  - Ascarophis marina n. comb. (Nematoda: cystidicolidae) from the fishes
      Parona signata (Carangidae) and Urophycis brasiliensis (Gadidae) in the
      southwestern Atlantic.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Fish Diseases/*PARASITOLOGY
MH  - Fishes
MH  - Male
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Nematoda/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*CLASSIFICATION/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Nematode Infections/*VETERINARY/PARASITOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Parasitol
IS  - 0022-3395
JC  - JL3
PG  - 917-921
IP  - 5
VI  - 83
AB  - The taxonomic position of Cystidicola marina Szidat, 1961 is revised,
      based on the re-examination of type and new specimens collected from
      the type host, Urophycis brasiliensis (Gadidae), and a new host, Parona
      signata (Carangidae), in the southwestern Atlantic. The species is
      redescribed and transferred to Ascarophis as A. marina n. comb. It is
      distinguished from other species of Ascarophis by the following
      combination of characters: body length (male: 10.2-22.5 mm, female:
      32.8-44.2 mm), number of egg filaments (2 on each pole), egg size
      (0.030-0.039 mm x 0.015-0.021 mm), and left spicule length (0.4-0.6 mm).
AD  - Centro de Estudios Parasitologicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE-CONICET), La
      Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
SO  - J Parasitol 1997 Oct;83(5):917-921
UI  - 97460300
PM  - 9314714
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Druss BG
AU  - Rosenheck RA
TI  - Use of medical services by veterans with mental disorders.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Ambulatory Care/UTILIZATION
MH  - Community Mental Health Services/*UTILIZATION
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Services Accessibility/*STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Human
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Male
MH  - Mental Disorders/PSYCHOLOGY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Patient Discharge/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - United States
MH  - Veterans/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*PSYCHOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Psychosomatics
IS  - 0033-3182
JC  - QH4
PG  - 451-458
IP  - 5
VI  - 38
AB  - This study examined timeliness, access, and intensity of outpatient
      medical service use in a national sample of veterans with comorbid
      medical disorders discharged from Veterans Affairs (VA) psychiatric
      units (N = 44,533). The factors that predicted decreased use of medical
      services included diagnosis of schizophrenia, posttraumatic stress
      disorder, and substance abuse. The factors associated with increased
      use of medical services included proximity to a VA outpatient clinic,
      receipt of VA compensation payments, discharge from a facility with
      greater resources devoted to medical-surgical care, and prompt
      outpatient mental health follow-up. Better integration of medical and
      psychiatric services may help improve access to medical care for the
      severely mentally ill.
AD  - Northeast Program Evaluation Center, Department of Veterans Affairs,
      West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
SO  - Psychosomatics 1997 Sep;38(5):451-458
UI  - 97439086
PM  - 9293538
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Tajima Y
AU  - Utsumi N
AU  - Suzuki S
AU  - Fujita K
AU  - Takahashi H
TI  - Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma arising de novo in the maxilla.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Fatal Outcome
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Maxilla/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Maxillary Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Odontogenic Tumors/*PATHOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Pathol Int
IS  - 1320-5463
JC  - BXQ
PG  - 564-568
IP  - 8
VI  - 47
AB  - An ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) arising in the maxilla of a 14-year-
      old male is described. The tumor originated from the alveolar bone of
      the right maxilla with no apparent history of pre-existing lesion.
      Histologically, the lesion was composed of benign-appearing epithelial
      islands and strands scattered within an exceedingly cellular mass of
      mesenchymal tissue comprising a large number of stellate-and spindle-
      shaped fibroblast-like cells with marked pleomorphism. Occasional
      cementum-like calcification was also noted. Immunohistochemically, the
      neoplastic mesenchymal cells were positive only for vimentin, whereas
      the ameloblast-like epithelial component showed a distinctly positive
      reaction for wide-spectrum keratin and squamous cytokeratin.
      Clinicopathological features of the current case, as well as previously
      reported examples of AFS originating from the maxilla, are briefly
      discussed.
AD  - Department of Oral Pathology, Meikai University School of Dentistry,
      Saitama, Japan.
SO  - Pathol Int 1997 Aug;47(8):564-568
UI  - 98004169
PM  - 9346183
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nielsen GP
AU  - O'Connell JX
AU  - Dickersin GR
AU  - Rosenberg AE
TI  - Solitary fibrous tumor of soft tissue: a report of 15 cases, including
      5 malignant examples with light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and
      ultrastructural data.
MH  - Abdominal Muscles/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Buttocks/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Cell Nucleus/ULTRASTRUCTURE
MH  - Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/ULTRASTRUCTURE
MH  - Extremities/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Fibroma/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PATHOLOGY/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Head and Neck Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Soft Tissue Neoplasms/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PATHOLOGY/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Tumor Markers, Biological/ANALYSIS
MH  - Vulvar Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Tumor Markers, Biological)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Mod Pathol
IS  - 0893-3952
JC  - PTH
PG  - 1028-1037
IP  - 10
VI  - 10
AB  - We describe 15 soft tissue solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) occurring in
      patients 24 to 78 years old (average, 50.6 yr). Ten tumors were benign
      and arose in the head and neck area (three tumors), thigh (two), vulva
      (two), upper arm (one), lower leg (one), and retroperitoneum (one).
      Five tumors were histologically malignant and arose in the thigh (two),
      abdominal wall (one), buttock (one), and retroperitoneum (one). All of
      the tumors were grossly well circumscribed. The benign tumors measured
      from 2 to 10 cm (average, 4.8 cm) and the malignant ones from 3 to 5.5
      cm (average, 4.3 cm) in greatest diameter. Microscopically, the benign
      tumors showed areas of hypercellularity with variable amounts of
      collagenous and myxoid stroma; one had amianthoid fibers. The malignant
      tumors were composed of cytologically atypical cells enmeshed in a
      collagenous or myxoid extracellular matrix. Ultrastructural study of
      three benign and three malignant tumors showed fibroblastic
      differentiation; one benign tumor showed myofibroblastic
      differentiation. Immunohistochemically, all of the tumors examined were
      immunoreactive for vimentin, and seven of nine were positive for CD34,
      including all of the malignant ones. There was focal staining for
      muscle actin in two benign tumors and for Leu-7 in one benign tumor;
      there was no staining for cytokeratin, desmin, S-100 protein,
      epithelial membrane antigen, or smooth muscle actin in any of the
      examined tissues. Follow-up was available for eight patients for 6 to
      21 months (average, 12 mo). No tumor recurred locally or metastasized.
      The SFTs reported herein support the experiences of others who recently
      described these tumors in the somatic soft tissues. In addition, our
      series highlights the occurrence of malignant SFTs in the soft tissues.
      SFTs should be separated from other spindle cell sarcomas, with which
      they can be confused.
AD  - The James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General
      Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
SO  - Mod Pathol 1997 Oct;10(10):1028-1037
UI  - 97467780
PM  - 9325071
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Fujiwara T
AU  - Kobayashi T
AU  - Takaya J
AU  - Taniuchi S
AU  - Kobayashi Y
TI  - Plasma effects on phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide production
      by polymorphonuclear leukocytes in neonates.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - *Blood Bactericidal Activity
MH  - Fetal Blood/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/*BLOOD
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Infant, Premature
MH  - Neutrophils/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - *Phagocytosis
MH  - Plasma/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/PHARMACOLOGY
RN  - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Clin Immunol Immunopathol
IS  - 0090-1229
JC  - DEA
PG  - 67-72
IP  - 1
VI  - 85
AB  - To elucidate the defense mechanism in neonates against bacterial
      infections, phagocytic activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production
      by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in the whole blood and the
      effects of plasma on these functions were investigated on 44 healthy
      mature neonates (term 37 to 41 weeks) and 15 premature neonates (term
      30 to 36 weeks) using two color flow cytometric analysis. The results
      were compared to those of a healthy adult control group (n = 10). PMN
      phagocytic activity was low in both mature and premature neonates. H2O2
      production of PMN with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation and
      following phagocytosis was augmented in both mature and premature
      neonates. When plasma and PMNs of adults and neonates were separated
      and combined differently, phagocytic activity and H2O2 production of
      PMNs appeared to be principally regulated by the plasma employed. This
      finding indicates that plasma has major effects on both phagocytosis
      and H2O2 production by PMNs of newborn neonates.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
SO  - Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997 Oct;85(1):67-72
UI  - 98018414
PM  - 9379259
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Murthy G
AU  - Kahan NJ
AU  - Hargens AR
AU  - Rempel DM
TI  - Forearm muscle oxygenation decreases with low levels of voluntary
      contraction.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Exertion/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Forearm
MH  - Human
MH  - Human Engineering
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscle Contraction/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Muscle Fatigue/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Oxygen Consumption/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Volition/PHYSIOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - J Orthop Res
IS  - 0736-0266
JC  - JIQ
PG  - 507-511
IP  - 4
VI  - 15
AB  - The purpose of our investigation was to determine if the near infrared
      spectroscopy technique was sensitive to changes in tissue oxygenation
      at low levels of isometric contraction in the extensor carpi radialis
      brevis muscle. Nine subjects were seated with the right arm abducted to
      45 degrees, elbow flexed to 85 degrees, forearm pronated 45 degrees,
      and wrist and forearm supported on an armrest throughout the protocol.
      Altered tissue oxygenation was measured noninvasively with near
      infrared spectroscopy. The near infrared spectroscopy probe was placed
      over the extensor carpi radialis brevis of the subject's right forearm
      and secured with an elastic wrap. After 1 minute of baseline
      measurements taken with the muscle relaxed, four different loads were
      applied just proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joint such that the
      subjects isometrically contracted the extensor carpi radialis brevis at
      5, 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction for 1 minute
      each. A 3-minute recovery period followed each level of contraction. At
      the end of the protocol, with the probe still in place, a value for
      ischemic tissue oxygenation was obtained for each subject. This value
      was considered the physiological zero and hence 0% tissue oxygenation.
      Mean tissue oxygenation (+/-SE) decreased from resting baseline (100%
      tissue oxygenation) to 89 +/- 4, 81 +/- 8, 78 +/- 8, and 47 +/- 8% at
      5, 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary contraction, respectively.
      Tissue oxygenation levels at 10, 15, and 50% of the maximum voluntary
      contraction were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the baseline
      value. Our results indicate that tissue oxygenation significantly
      decreases during brief, low levels of static muscle contraction and
      that near infrared spectroscopy is a sensitive technique for detecting
      deoxygenation noninvasively at low levels of forearm muscle
      contraction. Our findings have important implications in occupational
      medicine because oxygen depletion induced by low levels of muscle
      contraction may be directly linked to muscle fatigue.
AD  - Ergonomics Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
SO  - J Orthop Res 1997 Jul;15(4):507-511
UI  - 97239726
PM  - 9085387
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
TI  - Educational and informational strategies to reduce pesticide risks.
      Council on Scientific Affairs.
MH  - Certification/STANDARDS
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/LEGISLATION &
      JURISPRUDENCE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - *Environmental Health/STANDARDS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE
MH  - Government Agencies/STANDARDS/LEGISLATION & JURISPRUDENCE
MH  - Human
MH  - Pest Control/STANDARDS
MH  - Pesticides/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Sentinel Surveillance
MH  - United States
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
DP  - 1997 Mar
TA  - Prev Med
IS  - 0091-7435
JC  - PM4
PG  - 191-200
IP  - 2
VI  - 26
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 1993, the American Medical Association (AMA) requested
      its Council on Scientific Affairs to investigate issues and concerns
      related to (1) improving public notification of pesticide applications
      and (2) improving educational programs for commercial and farm
      pesticide applicators and increasing enforcement of licensing
      examination requirements. This report was presented at the 1994 Interim
      Meeting of the AMA House of Delegates as Report 4 of the Council on
      Scientific Affairs. METHODS: Information for the report was derived
      from published literature and from personal communications with state
      and federal regulatory officials, physicians, and representatives of
      pest control, lawn care, and farm organizations. Some information about
      state certification and training programs was obtained from telephone
      conversations with pesticide applicator training program coordinators
      from California, Florida, Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska,
      New Jersey, New York, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. These states
      were selected because they contain large agricultural or urban
      populations that are likely to require the services of trained
      professional pesticide applicators. RESULTS: Current surveillance
      systems are inadequate to characterize potential exposure problems
      related either to pesticide usage or to pesticide related illnesses.
      The effectiveness of applicator certification and training programs and
      public notification programs could not be determined because of a lack
      of federal and state survey data for making useful assessments.
      CONCLUSIONS: Considering current data gaps, it is prudent for
      homeowners, farmers, and workers to limit pesticide exposures to
      themselves and others.
SO  - Prev Med 1997 Mar;26(2):191-200
UI  - 98015839
PM  - 9376959
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hamlin JA
AU  - Petersen B
AU  - Keller FS
AU  - Rosch J
TI  - Angiographic evaluation and management of nonvariceal upper
      gastrointestinal bleeding.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Angiography/*METHODS
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Esophageal and Gastric Varices/THERAPY/RADIOGRAPHY
MH  - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/THERAPY/*RADIOGRAPHY
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage/THERAPY/RADIOGRAPHY
MH  - Postoperative Hemorrhage/RADIOGRAPHY
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am
IS  - 1052-5157
JC  - B07
PG  - 703-716
IP  - 4
VI  - 7
AB  - Endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool used in the
      evaluation and treatment of patients with upper gastrointestinal
      bleeding. When endoscopy is unsuccessful in identifying or controlling
      GI hemorrhage, however, arteriography is useful in both the evaluation
      and treatment of upper GI hemorrhage.
AD  - Dotter Interventional Institution, Oregon Health Sciences University,
      Portland, OR 97201, USA.
SO  - Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 1997 Oct;7(4):703-716
UI  - 97468079
PM  - 9327223
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Straus DJ
TI  - HIV-associated lymphomas.
MH  - Central Nervous System Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/THERAPY/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/PATHOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Curr Opin Oncol
IS  - 1040-8746
JC  - A1V
PG  - 450-454
IP  - 5
VI  - 9
AB  - Intermediate and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) with a B-cell
      phenotype are AIDS-defining illnesses. The incidence of systemic NHL
      increased greatly and primary central nervous system NHL increased even
      more in the HIV-infected population. Further increases in frequency are
      anticipated as HIV-infected individuals survive longer in an
      immunosuppressed state with improved antiretroviral treatment and
      treatment of opportunistic infections. Unusual types of NHL and
      manifestations of Hodgkin's disease are seen in HIV-infected
      individuals also. The pathologic and clinical features of the HIV-
      associated lymphomas and treatment approaches and results are the
      subjects of this review. Other articles in this issue discuss
      epidemiology and pathogenesis.
AD  - Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
SO  - Curr Opin Oncol 1997 Sep;9(5):450-454
UI  - 97479814
PM  - 9339895
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Bang IS
AU  - Son SY
AU  - Yoe SM
TI  - Hinnavin I, an antibacterial peptide from cabbage butterfly, Artogeia
      rapae.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acids/ANALYSIS
MH  - Animal
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Butterflies/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Drug Synergism
MH  - Escherichia coli/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Growth Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Hemolymph/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Insect Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Molecular Weight
MH  - Muramidase/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Peptides/PHARMACOLOGY/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Sequence Analysis
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Insect Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Growth Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (hinnavin I)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.17 (Muramidase)
DP  - 1997 Aug 31
TA  - Mol Cells
IS  - 1016-8478
JC  - CRQ
PG  - 509-513
IP  - 4
VI  - 7
AB  - We have previously isolated four antibacterial peptides from the immune
      haemolymph of the fifth instar larvae of cabbage butterfly, Artogeia
      rapae [Yoe, S. M., Bang, I. S., Kang, C. S., and Kim, H. J. (1996) Mol.
      Cells 6, 609-614]. They were induced by live, nonpathogenic gram
      negative bacteria. One of these novel antibacterial peptides was named
      hinnavin I. Hinnavin I is heat stable; its activity was retained after
      60 min incubation at 100 degrees C, being effective against gram
      negative and/or gram positive bacteria. Hinnavin I and lysozyme II
      showed a powerful synergistic effect on the inhibition of bacterial
      growth. Amino acid composition was analyzed and the molecular weight
      was determined to be 4,139.94+/-10.91 Da by the ESI mass spectrometer.
      To elucidate the primary structure of hinnavin I, the amino acid
      sequence of this peptide was determined by N-terminal sequencing
      techniques. The amino-terminal half of the molecule was rich in charged
      amino acids and was hydrophilic, whereas the carboxyl-terminal half was
      hydrophobic.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
SO  - Mol Cells 1997 Aug 31;7(4):509-513
UI  - 97453080
PM  - 9307842
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kyrtopoulos SA
AU  - Anderson LM
AU  - Chhabra SK
AU  - Souliotis VL
AU  - Pletsa V
AU  - Valavanis C
AU  - Georgiadis P
TI  - DNA adducts and the mechanism of carcinogenesis and cytotoxicity of
      methylating agents of environmental and clinical significance.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/METABOLISM/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Carcinogens/TOXICITY/*METABOLISM
MH  - Carcinogens, Environmental/TOXICITY/METABOLISM
MH  - Dimethylnitrosamine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM
MH  - DNA Adducts/*METABOLISM
MH  - DNA Damage
MH  - *DNA Methylation
MH  - Erythrocebus patas
MH  - Ethanol/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Guanine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Human
MH  - Leukocytes/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Liver/METABOLISM
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Neoplasms/DRUG THERAPY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Nitroso Compounds/TOXICITY/METABOLISM
MH  - Procarbazine/TOXICITY/METABOLISM
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 73-40-5 (Guanine)
RN  - 671-16-9 (Procarbazine)
RN  - 64-17-5 (Ethanol)
RN  - 62-75-9 (Dimethylnitrosamine)
RN  - 20535-83-5 (O-(6)-methylguanine)
RN  - 138-89-6 (4-nitrosodimethylaniline)
RN  - 0 (Nitroso Compounds)
RN  - 0 (DNA Adducts)
RN  - 0 (Carcinogens, Environmental)
RN  - 0 (Carcinogens)
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Cancer Detect Prev
IS  - 0361-090X
JC  - CNZ
PG  - 391-405
IP  - 5
VI  - 21
AB  - DNA adducts are covalent complexes formed between genotoxic carcinogens
      and DNA bases, and constitute a critical early intermediate on the
      pathway of chemical carcinogenesis. Their accumulation in different
      tissues reflects the amount of activated carcinogen reaching DNA, and
      can therefore serve as an index of the biologically relevant dose
      reaching the target tissues or cells. Methylating agents are of
      interest in view of their occurrence in the environment and their use
      as cytotoxic drugs in cancer chemotherapy. Current evidence indicates
      that O6-methylguanine plays a particularly important role in the
      mutagenic, carcinogenic, and cytotoxic activities of methylating
      agents. O6-Methylguanine is repaired efficiently by the enzyme O6-
      alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT). Lack of this enzyme results in
      excessive accumulation of O6-methylguanine and recent evidence suggests
      that significant quantitative effects on adduct accumulation may be
      linked to conditions of very low AGT levels. This would be important
      from the point of view of clinical practice, since modulation of AGT is
      under investigation as a means of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of
      clinical agents acting via the production of O6-methylguanine and
      related adducts, such as, for example, procarbazine, dacarbazine, and
      some nitrosoureas. The measurement of O6-methylguanine in human DNA has
      been employed as a tool to investigate the role of environmental
      methylating agents in human carcinogenesis. While the nature and origin
      of the methylating agents responsible for these adducts is currently
      unknown, recent studies in patas monkeys have shown that N-
      nitrosodimethylamine, a methylating carcinogen to which human exposure
      is well documented, is capable of efficiently generating O6-
      methylguanine in most tissues, including fetal tissues. Furthermore, it
      has been found that this damage is substantially enhanced by the
      coadministration of ethyl alcohol which acts by inhibiting the liver
      first-pass metabolism of the carcinogen, an observation which supports
      the hypothesis that alcohol consumption may act as a risk factor in
      human carcinogenesis by augmenting the action of nitrosamines.
AD  - National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biological Research
      and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece.
SO  - Cancer Detect Prev 1997 ;21(5):391-405
UI  - 98006503
PM  - 9385099
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Williams RL
TI  - Product-limit survival functions with correlated survival times.
MH  - Angina Pectoris
MH  - Animal
MH  - Avoidance Learning
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Life Tables
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Rodentia
MH  - *Survival Analysis
DP  - 1995
TA  - Lifetime Data Anal
IS  - 1380-7870
JC  - CRT
PG  - 171-186
IP  - 2
VI  - 1
AB  - A simple variance estimator for product-limit survival functions is
      demonstrated for survival times with nested errors. Such data arise
      whenever survival times are observed within clusters of related
      observations. Greenwood's formula, which assumes independent
      observations, is not appropriate in this situation. A robust variance
      estimator is developed using Taylor series linearized values and the
      between-cluster variance estimator commonly used in multi-stage sample
      surveys. A simulation study shows that the between-cluster variance
      estimator is approximately unbiased and yields confidence intervals
      that maintain the nominal level for several patterns of correlated
      survival times. The simulation study also shows that Greenwood's
      formula underestimates the variance when the survival times are
      positively correlated within a cluster and yields confidence intervals
      that are too narrow. Extension to life table methods is also discussed.
AD  - Research Triangle Institute, NC 27709-2194, USA. willy@rti.org
SO  - Lifetime Data Anal 1995 ;1(2):171-186
UI  - 98011014
PM  - 9350074
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Petroni D
AU  - Saglio G
TI  - Minimal residual disease in B-lymphoproliferative disorders by PCR
      detection of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene recombination.
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blotting, Southern
MH  - DNA, Neoplasm/ANALYSIS
MH  - Gene Rearrangement
MH  - Human
MH  - Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain/*GENETICS
MH  - Leukemia, B-Cell, Chronic/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Leukemia, Hairy Cell/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Neoplasm, Residual/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/*DIAGNOSIS
MH  - *Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins, Heavy-Chain)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Scand J Clin Lab Invest
IS  - 0036-5513
JC  - UCP
PG  - 541-547
IP  - 6
VI  - 57
AB  - We amplified and sequenced the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain
      VDJ genomic unit in B-leukemias and used it as a clone-specific marker
      for the molecular monitoring of the patients during and after
      therapeutic treatment. The method described is patient-specific rather
      than disorder-specific, more sensitive and less time-consuming than
      other conventional techniques for the detection of minimal residual
      disease. We propose reproducible and quick procedures, from DNA
      extraction to Southern blotting, that can be easily performed in any
      clinical laboratory and also applied to other kinds of investigation.
AD  - Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Oncologia Umana, Universita di
      Torino, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy.
SO  - Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1997 Oct;57(6):541-547
UI  - 98001817
PM  - 9342465
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gramellini D
AU  - Piantelli G
AU  - Di Marino O
AU  - Avanzini A
AU  - Vadora E
TI  - Amniotic fluid index variations after amniocentesis, amnioinfusion and
      amnioreduction: preliminary data.
MH  - *Amniocentesis
MH  - Amniotic Fluid/ULTRASONOGRAPHY/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Oligohydramnios/*THERAPY
MH  - Polyhydramnios/*THERAPY
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Regression Analysis
DP  - 1997
TA  - Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
IS  - 0390-6663
JC  - DB1
PG  - 70-73
IP  - 2
VI  - 24
AB  - We studied the relationship between the ultrasonographically measurable
      variations in the amniotic fluid index (AFI) and actual changes in the
      amniotic fluid volume induced by three differing invasive procedures:
      genetic amniocentesis, amnioinfusion and amnioreduction. We examined 50
      patients, all between the 15th and 34th weeks of pregnancy, subdivided
      into three groups. The first group consisted of 33 women who underwent
      genetic amniocentesis, the second was of 11 patients submitted to
      amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios (AFI < 5 cm), and the third was
      composed of 6 patients affected by hydramnios (AFI > 20 cm) and treated
      with amnioreduction. In all cases AFI was measured before and after the
      invasive procedures and their variations (delta AFI) were correlated to
      the actual quantities of liquid infused or extracted. All the
      procedures gave rise to statistically significant AFI changes. After
      genetic amniocentesis, the mean change was from 12.0 to 10.9 cm (p <
      0.005), after amnioinfusion from 3.1 to 10.6 cm (p < 0.0001) and after
      amnioreduction from 33.1 to 22.0 cm. (p < 0.005). However, a
      significant linear correlation between delta AFI and the fluid volume
      variations actually induced was found for amnioinfusion (y = 0.236537 +
      0.031465x; R2 = 44.4%; p < 0.05) and for amnioreduction (y = -0.0584294
      + 0.012008x; R2 = 89.8%. p < 0.00001). Only for amnioreduction is it
      possible, as proved by a multiple regression analysis, to improve the
      predictability of delta AFI, taking into consideration together with
      the quantity of fluid aspirated, the value of the preprocedure AFI (R2
      = 92%; p < 0.05).
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma, Italy.
SO  - Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 1997 ;24(2):70-73
UI  - 97449692
PM  - 9304708
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Brenner MK
TI  - Applications of gene transfer in hematologic malignancy.
MH  - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
MH  - *Gene Therapy
MH  - *Gene Transfer
MH  - Hematologic Neoplasms/*THERAPY/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Hematopoietic Stem Cells
MH  - Human
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/IMMUNOLOGY
DP  - 1998
TA  - Recent Results Cancer Res
IS  - 0080-0015
JC  - R1Y
PG  - 60-69
VI  - 144
AB  - Although gene transfer was originally conceived as a means to replace
      or correct defective genes in patients with inherited disorders, the
      process has shown broad potential for intervention in hematologic
      malignancy and for study of hematopoietic stem cell biology. Gene
      transfer strategies now under investigation for these applications
      include 1) repair of one or more genetic defects associated with the
      malignant process, 2) delivery of a prodrug-metabolizing enzyme that
      causes tumor cells to become sensitive to the corresponding anticancer
      drug, 3) modification of immune responses to the cancer, and 4)
      introduction of drug resistance genes to increase the therapeutic index
      of cytotoxic agents. Finally, by marking normal or malignant cells with
      readily detectable genes, one can monitor the efficacy of therapy or
      study the dynamics of stem cell behavior in vivo. At present these
      applications are limited by the quality of vectors, but as transduction
      efficiencies and gene regulatory mechanisms improve, gene transfer can
      be expected to evolve into a major therapeutic modality in its own
      right.
AD  - Cell and Gene Therapy Program, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,
      Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
SO  - Recent Results Cancer Res 1998 ;144:60-69
UI  - 98032057
PM  - 9365353
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Calmels PM
AU  - Nellen M
AU  - van der Borne I
AU  - Jourdin P
AU  - Minaire P
TI  - Concentric and eccentric isokinetic assessment of flexor-extensor
      torque ratios at the hip, knee, and ankle in a sample population of
      healthy subjects.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Ankle Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Biomechanics
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Female
MH  - Hip Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Knee Joint/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Muscle Contraction/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Physical Medicine/METHODS
MH  - Posture/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Range of Motion, Articular/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tensile Strength/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Torque
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Arch Phys Med Rehabil
IS  - 0003-9993
JC  - 8BK
PG  - 1224-1230
IP  - 11
VI  - 78
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To establish the relationship between the flexor/extensor
      torque ratios in the hip, knee, and ankle. DESIGN: Case series.
      SETTING: Laboratory of a university rehabilitation department.
      PARTICIPANTS: From a group of 158 healthy volunteers, 138 subjects
      completed all the tests in concentric mode, and 65 in eccentric mode.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The flexor/extensor torque ratios of the hip,
      knee, and ankle were analyzed by means of isokinetic concentric and
      eccentric tests. Analysis of variance was carried out to compare the
      mean values of the ratios obtained between the male and female
      populations and between the right and left sides, and correlation
      analysis between the values of the joints. RESULTS: The flexor/extensor
      torque ratios differed significantly according to sex and angular
      velocities, but not according to side except for the ankle. No
      significant relationship was found between the flexor/extensor torque
      ratios in the hip, knee, and ankle joints. CONCLUSIONS: The flexor-
      extensor torque ratio of the knee and hip can be used as a reference
      point during rehabilitation of the contralateral side. Our results
      demonstrating the absence of correlation between the flexor/extensor
      torque ratio in each joint of the same limb, however, call for further
      longitudinal studies to be made under specific circumstances, such as
      training or immobilization of one joint, to follow the course of
      agonist/antagonist ratios and the synergistic activity between the
      joints.
AD  - Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lisfranc School of
      Medicine, Saint-Etienne University, France.
SO  - Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997 Nov;78(11):1224-1230
UI  - 97468063
PM  - 9327207
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Brenner RM
AU  - Chertow GM
TI  - The rise and fall of atrial natriuretic peptide for acute renal failure.
MH  - Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Clinical Trials
MH  - Human
MH  - Kidney Failure, Acute/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
RN  - 85637-73-6 (Atrial Natriuretic Factor)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens
IS  - 1062-4821
JC  - B4H
PG  - 474-476
IP  - 5
VI  - 6
AB  - Atrial natriuretic peptide can increase glomerular filtration rate and
      filtration fraction and can promote natriuresis, effects that would
      logically seem to improve renal function after acute tubular necrosis
      from ischemic or toxic injury. Early human trials suggested a
      beneficial effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on creatinine
      clearance, and a reduction in the need for dialysis in treated
      patients. However, randomized, placebo-controlled trials have failed to
      show a clinically relevant benefit on survival, dialysis-free survival,
      or renal function in patients treated with this agent.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical
      School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
SO  - Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 1997 Sep;6(5):474-476
UI  - 97464247
PM  - 9324068
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Zagon IS
AU  - Hurst WJ
AU  - McLaughlin PJ
TI  - Transplacental transfer of naltrexone in rats.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Brain/METABOLISM/EMBRYOLOGY
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart/EMBRYOLOGY
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Liver/METABOLISM/EMBRYOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - *Maternal-Fetal Exchange
MH  - Myocardium/METABOLISM
MH  - Naltrexone/*PHARMACOKINETICS
MH  - Narcotic Antagonists/*PHARMACOKINETICS
MH  - Placenta/*METABOLISM
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone)
RN  - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Life Sci
IS  - 0024-3205
JC  - L62
PG  - 1261-1267
IP  - 13
VI  - 61
AB  - Extracts of fetal (20 days gestation) brain, heart, and liver were
      evaluated for naltrexone in rats 1 hour following maternal injection of
      50 mg/kg opioid antagonist; adult plasma from the pregnant rats was
      analyzed. Samples were prepared by ultrafiltration, lyophilized,
      reconstituted in mobile phase, and separated by reversed phase high-
      performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. This
      qualitative analysis revealed the presence of naltrexone in all fetal
      tissues, as well as in adult plasma. These results indicate naltrexone,
      maternally administered, passes through the placenta and enters the
      fetus. The data would suggest that reports concerning somatic and
      neurobiological acceleration in offspring exposed to naltrexone during
      gestation may be the result of a direct opioid antagonist action in the
      fetus.
AD  - Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, The Pennsylvania State
      University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA.
SO  - Life Sci 1997 ;61(13):1261-1267
UI  - 97464073
PM  - 9322764
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Smeltzer MS
AU  - Gillaspy AF
AU  - Pratt FL Jr
AU  - Thames MD
AU  - Iandolo JJ
TI  - Prevalence and chromosomal map location of Staphylococcus aureus
      adhesin genes.
MH  - Adhesins, Bacterial/*GENETICS
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/GENETICS
MH  - Carrier Proteins/GENETICS
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - *Chromosomes, Bacterial
MH  - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Receptors, Cell Surface/GENETICS
MH  - Staphylococcus aureus/*GENETICS
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface)
RN  - 0 (Fib protein)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Adhesins, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (elastin-binding protein)
RN  - 0 (adhesin, Staphylococcus aureus)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease XmaI)
DP  - 1997 Sep 1
TA  - Gene
IS  - 0378-1119
JC  - FOP
PG  - 249-259
IP  - 1-2
VI  - 196
AB  - Using genomic DNA from 25 unrelated strains and probes specific for
      each gene, we assessed the prevalence of the Staphylococcus aureus (Sa)
      adhesion genes cna, fnbA, fnbB, fib, clfA, fbpA, ebpS and map. All 25
      strains encoded fib, clfA, ebpS, map and at least one of the fnb genes.
      fbpA and coa appeared to be allelic variants of the same gene with the
      fbpA variant being present in only four of 25 isolates. cna was present
      in 10 of 25 strains. Using Southern blot analysis of SmaI-digested
      genomic DNA resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, the adhesion
      genes were mapped to SmaI fragments A (ebpS), B (fib and clfA), C
      (fnbA/fnbB), E (fbpA), F (map) and G (cna). Despite variations in SmaI
      restriction profiles, co-localization of adhesin genes with genes known
      to map to specific SmaI fragments in the Sa 8325-4 chromosome strains
      suggests that the chromosomal location of each adhesin gene is
      conserved.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for
      Medical Sciences, Little Rock 72205, USA. msmeltzer@biomed.uams.edu
SO  - Gene 1997 Sep 1;196(1-2):249-259
UI  - 97379230
PM  - 9237552
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - LeVine SM
TI  - Iron deposits in multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease brains.
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Brain/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Iron/*METABOLISM
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 7439-89-6 (Iron)
DP  - 1997 Jun 20
TA  - Brain Res
IS  - 0006-8993
JC  - B5L
PG  - 298-303
IP  - 1-2
VI  - 760
AB  - Iron may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological diseases by
      promoting oxidative damage. The localization of iron in multiple
      sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains was investigated to
      further the understanding of its pathogenic role in these disease
      states. Earlier studies, utilizing a standard Perls' stain, yielded
      conflicting reports regarding the distribution of iron deposits in MS
      brains, and a previous study on AD brains utilized a diaminobenzidine
      (DAB) enhanced version of this stain. In the present study, a modified
      version of the DAB-enhanced stain was used; it utilizes sodium
      borohydride, proteinase K, Triton X-100 and xylenes to increase the
      accessibility of tissue iron to histochemical reagents. This modified
      method can reveal iron deposits that are missed by the Perls' or DAB-
      enhanced Perls' stains. In addition to its normal deposition in
      oligodendrocytes and myelin, iron was detected in reactive microglia,
      ameboid microglia and macrophages in MS brains. In AD brains, three
      types of plaques were stained: dense core, clear core and amorphous
      plaques. Punctate staining was also observed in neurons in the
      corticies of AD brains. The structure accounting for punctate labeling
      may be damaged mitochondria, lipofuscin or amyloid deposits. Dense core
      plaques, clear plaques and punctate labeling were not detected in the
      previous AD study which utilized only the DAB-enhanced Perls' stain.
      The labeling of these additional structures illustrates the benefit of
      the modified method. In summary, the localization of iron deposition in
      MS and AD brains indicates potential sites where iron could promote
      oxidative damage in these disease states.
AD  - Department of Physiology and the Smith Mental Retardation Research
      Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA.
      slevine@kumc.edu
SO  - Brain Res 1997 Jun 20;760(1-2):298-303
UI  - 98005064
PM  - 9344613
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Parker J
AU  - Kaplon MK
AU  - Alvarez CJ
AU  - Krishnaswamy G
TI  - Prostaglandin H synthase expression is variable in human colorectal
      adenocarcinoma cell lines.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aspirin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Blotting, Southern
MH  - Caco-2 Cells/*ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Cell Adhesion/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Cell Division/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - DNA, Neoplasm/ANALYSIS
MH  - Extracellular Matrix Proteins/METABOLISM
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Human
MH  - HT29 Cells/*ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Nitrobenzenes/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Prostaglandins/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - RNA, Messenger/METABOLISM
MH  - Sulfonamides/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 50-78-2 (Aspirin)
RN  - 123653-11-2 (NS 398)
RN  - 0 (Sulfonamides)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Prostaglandins)
RN  - 0 (Nitrobenzenes)
RN  - 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm)
RN  - 0 (Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.1 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase)
DP  - 1997 Oct 10
TA  - Exp Cell Res
IS  - 0014-4827
JC  - EPB
PG  - 321-329
IP  - 1
VI  - 236
AB  - The expression of prostaglandin H synthases can be induced by many
      stimuli and is likely to be important in control of the cell cycle. The
      analysis of prostaglandin H synthase-1 and -2 expression in colon
      adenocarcinoma cell lines is a useful model system for studying the
      function of the prostaglandin H synthases, especially with regard to
      proliferation and adhesion. Prostaglandin H synthase-1 protein is not
      found in any of eight human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Expression
      of prostaglandin H synthase-2 is variable for the eight cell lines:
      three constitutively expressed active protein, four did not express
      this gene at all, and one had mRNA but no active protein. Thus, five
      colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines exhibit "null" expression of
      prostaglandin synthase-2. The three cell lines with constitutive
      expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 produce PGE2. Prostaglandin E2
      production could be inhibited by aspirin and NS398 without inhibiting
      proliferation, while direct addition of prostaglandin E2 inhibits
      proliferation. Adhesion to collagen IV and fibronectin was stronger in
      those cell lines that expressed prostaglandin H synthase-2. The
      constitutive expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 is associated
      with increased adhesion to extracellular matrix components and a
      potential inhibition of proliferation through the production of
      prostaglandin E2. The absence of PGH synthase-2 expression in some cell
      lines may result from the original tumor's need to inactivate these
      associated functions. Our evidence suggests that PGH synthase-2 is a
      possible candidate for a tumor suppressor gene at 1q23-qter.
AD  - Division of Hematology/Oncology, James H. Quillen College of Medicine,
      East Tennessee State University, Johnson City 37614-0622, USA.
SO  - Exp Cell Res 1997 Oct 10;236(1):321-329
UI  - 98004997
PM  - 9345238
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Panayiotopoulos YP
AU  - Taylor PR
TI  - A paper for debate: vein versus PTFE for critical limb ischaemia--an
      unfair comparison?
MH  - Blood Vessel Prosthesis
MH  - *Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Graft Occlusion, Vascular/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Ischemia/*SURGERY
MH  - Leg/*BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - *Polytetrafluoroethylene
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Vascular Patency
MH  - Veins/*TRANSPLANTATION
RN  - 9002-84-0 (Polytetrafluoroethylene)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg
IS  - 1078-5884
JC  - B8N
PG  - 191-194
IP  - 3
VI  - 14
AB  - INTRODUCTION: There is a widely held view that vein grafts for
      infrainguinal arterial reconstruction perform much better than
      prosthetic conduits, the best of which seems to be PTFE. Many
      randomised studies have been conducted which confirm this opinion, but
      is the difference as large as it is thought to be? One interesting
      feature of published trials is that the results for obligatory PTFE
      (when no vein is available) were much worse than the results for
      randomised PTFE grafts. The only way to explain this is that these
      groups of patients were not similar, and there are probably other
      factors which contribute to the difference in results when vein and
      PTFE grafts are compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series
      of 109 femoro-infrapopliteal grafts undertaken for critical limb
      ischaemia was analysed to see the difference between vein and PTFE with
      vein cuff grafts. RESULTS: Vein grafts were superior to PTFE grafts
      when the whole cohort was included (p = 0.0038); however, there was no
      significant difference when the patients were stratified for inflow and
      runoff status. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between vein and PTFE has
      probably been exaggerated in the past, due to differences in risk
      factors and in the extent of arterial disease between the two groups of
      patients. The advantage of vein becomes more significant with time.
AD  - Department of Surgery, Guy's Hospital, London, U.K.
SO  - Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1997 Sep;14(3):191-194
UI  - 97477585
PM  - 9336588
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Berryman MS
TI  - The ketogenic diet revisited.
MH  - Diet/*METHODS/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Human
MH  - Ketosis/*ETIOLOGY
MH  - Seizures/*DIET THERAPY
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Am Diet Assoc
IS  - 0002-8223
JC  - H6F
PG  - S192-S194
IP  - 10
VI  - 97
AB  - The ketogenic diet is a high-fat diet that maintains the body's
      starvation mechanism, with exogenous fat provided for metabolism in
      lieu of stored fat. Mild dehydration is important to prevent dilution
      of the level of ketones in circulation at any given time. It is not
      known why or how ketosis affects seizure activity, so the principles
      behind the therapy have been developed from years of clinical
      experience and theoretical assumptions. Dietitians are essential
      providers of ketosis therapy, but the dietitian must work with a
      physician who understands the theories behind the therapy and is an
      active member of the ketosis therapy team.
AD  - Hermann Children's Hospital, University of Texas Medical School,
      Houston, USA.
SO  - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):S192-S194
UI  - 97477563
PM  - 9336566
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hynak-Hankinson MT
AU  - Martin S
AU  - Wirth J
TI  - Research competencies in the dietetics curricula.
MH  - Clinical Competence
MH  - *Curriculum
MH  - Data Collection/METHODS
MH  - Dietetics/*EDUCATION
MH  - Human
MH  - *Research
MH  - United States
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Am Diet Assoc
IS  - 0002-8223
JC  - H6F
PG  - S102-S106
IP  - 10
VI  - 97
AB  - Investment in dietetics research has the potential to improve general
      health; increase work performance and learning capacity; extend disease-
      free life; reduce birth defects, infections, and chronic diseases; and
      decrease health care costs. Opportunities exist for research in the
      areas of solid waste management, global environment, health care
      reform, and foodservice systems management. Research efforts can focus
      on cost-effectiveness and medical efficacy of dietary services to
      improve third-party reimbursement. Educators have a stake in creating
      the future by conducting research, teaching research to dietetic
      students, and investigating the effectiveness of education.
AD  - Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care Systems, East Orange 07108-
      1095, USA.
SO  - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):S102-S106
UI  - 97464802
PM  - 9323515
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ferracci F
AU  - Conte F
AU  - Marini B
AU  - Fassetta G
TI  - Recurrent external ophthalmoparesis during hormonal therapy after
      thyroid ablation. Case report.
MH  - Aged
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Graves' Disease/*THERAPY/SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Human
MH  - Recurrence
MH  - Thyroid Gland/*SURGERY
MH  - Thyroid Hormones/*THERAPEUTIC USE
RN  - 0 (Thyroid Hormones)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Ital J Neurol Sci
IS  - 0392-0461
JC  - GYX
PG  - 215-216
IP  - 4
VI  - 18
AB  - We here report the case of a patient who had undergone total thyroid
      ablation for Graves' disease. After the beginning of oral therapy with
      1-thyroxine, she developed a left external ophthalmoparesis that
      remitted with the discontinuation of the drug and recurred whenever the
      replacement therapy (1-thyroxine or tri-iodothyronine) was reintroduced.
AD  - Divisione di Neurologia, Ospedale Civile di Belluno, Italy.
SO  - Ital J Neurol Sci 1997 Aug;18(4):215-216
UI  - 98021518
PM  - 9380370
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lee DY
AU  - Cotter SA
AU  - French AL
TI  - Evaluation of Kojima-Matsubara color vision test plates: validity in
      young children.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aging/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Color Perception/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Color Perception Tests/*METHODS
MH  - Color Vision Defects/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Evaluation Studies
MH  - Human
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Vision Screening/*METHODS
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Optom Vis Sci
IS  - 1040-5488
JC  - OIZ
PG  - 726-731
IP  - 9
VI  - 74
AB  - PURPOSE: We examined a pseudoisochromatic color plate test by Kojima
      and Matsubara for young children which uses drawings of familiar
      objects rather than letters or numbers. First, we evaluated the test's
      efficacy as a color deficiency screener and its validity in classifying
      the types of color deficiencies by comparing its results with those
      from the Moreland anomaloscope. Second, we eliminated the chromatic
      factor and evaluated the functional ability of young children to
      perform the task by determining how many correct responses were
      obtained using modified black/white replicas of the test plates.
      METHODS: Part 1: Twenty color-normal and 13 color-deficient adults were
      diagnosed and classified with the Ishihara test, Panel D-15 test, and
      anomaloscope. Subjects were then tested with the Kojima-Matsubara test
      and result were compared with those from the anomaloscope. Part 2:
      Fifty children aged 3 to 7 years were tested with modified black/white
      test plate replicas. The number of correct responses for each plate was
      determined for five different age groups. RESULTS: Part 1: Among the 20
      color-normal subjects, 18 read all 10 plates correctly and 2 subjects
      missed 1 of the 10. Only 1 of the 13 color-deficient subjects exhibited
      the expected responses for plates 2 to 6 (used for color deficiency
      screening). The color-deficient subjects' responses for plates 7 to 10,
      which are used to classify red-green defects, were varied and only the
      protanomalous subjects (n = 2) followed the expected response pattern.
      Part 2: Of the 10 black/white modified plates, only 2 were correctly
      identified by all 50 children. The other plates had a recognition rate
      that ranged from 32 to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Because the response patterns
      given by most of the color-deficient adult subjects were different from
      those in the test manual, ambiguous results would occur if the Kojima-
      Matsubara test were used for color vision screening or the diagnosis of
      color deficiency. In addition, the difficulty that many of the young
      children exhibited in identifying the objects in the black/white
      replica plates suggests that there would be a large number of false
      positive errors (classifying a color normal as color deficient) when
      using this test in young children.
AD  - Illinois College of Optometry, Chicago, USA.
SO  - Optom Vis Sci 1997 Sep;74(9):726-731
UI  - 97472383
PM  - 9333208
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Norton NS
AU  - McConnell JR
AU  - Rodriguez-Sierra JF
TI  - Behavioral and physiological sex differences observed in an animal
      model of fulminant hepatic encephalopathy in the rat.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Brain Mapping
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatic Encephalopathy/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Hippocampus/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Injections, Intraperitoneal
MH  - *Liver Function Tests
MH  - Male
MH  - Neurons/PHYSIOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Thioacetamide
RN  - 62-55-5 (Thioacetamide)
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Physiol Behav
IS  - 0031-9384
JC  - P72
PG  - 1113-1124
IP  - 5
VI  - 62
AB  - Hepatic encephalopathy is characterized by a number of neuropsychiatric
      and motor disturbances observed in patients with liver dysfunction. The
      purpose of this study is to fully characterize behavioral and
      physiological sex differences in an animal model of fulminant hepatic
      encephalopathy (FHE). Male and female rats were administered
      thioacetamide (600 mg/kg) via i.p. (intraperitoneal) injection at Hours
      0 and 24 and allowed to progress into the four stages of FHE. Male rats
      reached all four stages of FHE significantly earlier than female rats
      (p < 0.05). The performance of the male rats deteriorated more quickly
      (p < 0.05) than that of the females in all of the sensory and motor
      behavioral tests. Sex differences were observed in the liver enzymes of
      the FHE rats. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine
      aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase were significantly
      greater (p < 0.05) in male rats in all four stages of FHE. Significant
      increases were also observed in the levels of direct and total
      bilirubin (p < 0.05). Neuronal damage was observed in the CA1 and CA2
      regions of the hippocampus. In the CA1 region, male rats displayed
      greater pathological changes in Stages III and IV (p < 0.05) than
      female rats. The damage in the CA2 region was only observed in Stage IV
      male rats. Our data indicate that observable behavioral and
      physiological sex differences occur in thioacetamide-induced FHE in the
      rat.
AD  - Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Creighton University,
      Omaha, NE 68178, USA. Nsnorton@creighton.edu
SO  - Physiol Behav 1997 Nov;62(5):1113-1124
UI  - 97442663
PM  - 9297630
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Laflamme N
AU  - Barden N
AU  - Rivest S
TI  - Corticotropin-releasing factor and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene
      expression in the paraventricular nucleus of immune-challenged
      transgenic mice expressing type II GR antisense ribonucleic acid.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Brain/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*GENETICS
MH  - *Gene Expression
MH  - Human
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/*METABOLISM/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Rats
MH  - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*GENETICS
MH  - RNA, Antisense/METABOLISM/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - RNA, Messenger/METABOLISM
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 9015-71-8 (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Antisense)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
DP  - 1997 Jun
TA  - J Mol Neurosci
IS  - 0895-8696
JC  - AVM
PG  - 165-179
IP  - 3
VI  - 8
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the immune
      activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of corticotropin-
      releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA in the
      paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of transgenic mice with impaired GR
      function caused by endogenous expression of GR antisense RNA. At 3 and
      8 wk of age, control and transgenic mice were sacrificed 4.5 h after a
      single ip administration of LPS (100 micrograms/100 g of body wt) or
      vehicle. Frozen brains were mounted on a microtome and cut in 20-
      microns sections. mRNAs encoding CRF and GR were assayed by in situ
      hybridization histochemistry using 35S-labeled riboprobes, and
      localization of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) nuclei was determined by
      immunocytochemistry. Basal expression of CRF mRNA in the PVN, central
      nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), and geniculate complex (GN) was similar
      in the control and transgenic mice. LPS induced a comparable neuronal
      activation in the PVN of control and transgenic mice as revealed by the
      number of Fos-ir neurons. Moreover, the endotoxin caused a significant
      increase in the CRF mRNA levels within the PVN and CeA, an effect
      observed in both animal models. The endotoxin did not notably modulate
      CRF expression in other regions, such as GN. Although GR mRNA was
      expressed in the PVN of control mice under basal conditions, this
      transcript was not detected in this hypothalamic structure in LPS-
      treated and transgenic animals. This indicated that endogenous Type II
      GR mRNA is decreased in the PVN of mice expressing Type II GR antisense
      RNA and that gene is downregulated by LPS. Hybridization signal for CRF
      and GR transcripts was not notably altered by the age of mice. These
      results provide evidence that the basal expression of CRF and the
      increase of neuroendocrine CRF transcription in response to immunogenic
      challenges are not significantly affected by impairment of the Type II
      GR function.
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
SO  - J Mol Neurosci 1997 Jun;8(3):165-179
UI  - 98017457
PM  - 9378611
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Middleton FA
AU  - Strick PL
TI  - Cerebellar output channels.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Brain Mapping/*METHODS
MH  - Cerebellum/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Motor Cortex/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Neural Pathways/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Neurons/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Primates/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DP  - 1997
TA  - Int Rev Neurobiol
IS  - 0074-7742
JC  - GUJ
PG  - 61-82
VI  - 41
AB  - The cerebellum has long been regarded as involved in the control of
      movement, in part through its connections with the cerebral cortex.
      These connections were thought to combine inputs from widespread
      regions of the cerebral cortex and "funnel" them into the motor system
      at the level of the primary motor cortex. Retrograde transneuronal
      transport of herpes simplex virus type I has recently been used to
      identify areas of the cerebral cortex that are "directly" influenced by
      the output of the cerebellum. Results suggest that cerebellar output
      projects via the thalamus to multiple cortical areas, including
      premotor and prefrontal cortex, as well as the primary motor cortex. In
      addition, the projections to different cortical areas appear to
      originate from distinct regions of the deep cerebellar nuclei. These
      observations have led to the proposal that cerebellar output is
      composed of a number of separate "output channels." Evidence from
      functional imaging studies in humans and single neuron recording
      studies in monkeys suggests that individual output channels are
      concerned with different aspects of motor or cognitive behavior.
AD  - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Syracuse, New York, USA.
SO  - Int Rev Neurobiol 1997 ;41:61-82
UI  - 98009174
PM  - 9348568
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Skillings JR
TI  - 5-FU or UFT combined with leucovorin for previously untreated
      metastatic colorectal Ca.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antidotes/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Colorectal Neoplasms/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Fluorouracil/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Human
MH  - Leucovorin/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Tegafur/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Uracil/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
RN  - 74578-38-4 (1-UFT protocol)
RN  - 66-22-8 (Uracil)
RN  - 58-05-9 (Leucovorin)
RN  - 51-21-8 (Fluorouracil)
RN  - 17902-23-7 (Tegafur)
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined)
RN  - 0 (Antidotes)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Oncology (Huntingt)
IS  - 0890-9091
JC  - AVP
PG  - 48-49
IP  - 9
VI  - 11
AB  - This phase III study compares leucovorin plus fluorouracil (5-FU) 425
      mg/m2, days 1 through 5, 28-day cycle, with oral leucovorin plus oral
      UFT (tegafur and uracil) 300 mg/m2, days 1 through 28, 35-day cycle, in
      terms of efficacy, safety, quality of life, and pharmacoeconomics.
      Eligible patients have not been treated previously and have measurable
      or evaluable metastatic colorectal cancer, an Eastern Cooperative
      Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less, and adequate bone
      marrow, liver, and renal functions. Patients are evaluated for response
      clinically and by computed tomography. Responses are determined by
      World Health Organization criteria. The study is nearing completion,
      with no toxicity issues requiring protocol modification. The results of
      this study could lead to a change to oral therapy as the standard of
      care for metastatic colorectal cancer, providing the efficacy and
      toxicity of UFT/leucovorin are at least equivalent due to the ease of
      administration and patient preference for oral regimens.
AD  - QE II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
SO  - Oncology (Huntingt) 1997 Sep;11(9):48-49
UI  - 97458364
PM  - 9313184
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lambden MP
AU  - Bellamy G
AU  - Ogburn-Russell L
AU  - Preece CK
AU  - Moore S
AU  - Pepin T
AU  - Croop J
AU  - Culbert G
TI  - Women's sense of well-being before and after hysterectomy.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Attitude to Health
MH  - Depression
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Status
MH  - Human
MH  - *Hysterectomy/PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - *Patient Satisfaction
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Sexuality
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Uterine Diseases/*SURGERY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs
IS  - 0884-2175
JC  - JG8
PG  - 540-548
IP  - 5
VI  - 26
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To describe women's perceived sense of well-being before and
      after hysterectomy by examining a broad array of outcomes experienced
      by women undergoing hysterectomies for benign conditions. DESIGN:
      Prospective, descriptive. SETTING: A regional tertiary care facility in
      central Texas. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seventy-eight women presenting
      for hysterectomies for nononcologic reasons who completed all three
      periods of data collection. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects completed a
      questionnaire assessing information pertinent to their current
      gynecologic health and the SF-36 Health Survey before surgery and of 4
      and 11 months after surgery. The women also completed the Zung Self-
      Rating Depression Scale preoperatively and at 4 months postoperatively.
      Additional demographic and medical information was extracted from the
      medical record. RESULTS: In the initial period after surgery, the
      patients experienced an improved health status. In addition, the women
      reported on improvement in their psychologic well-being, including less
      depression and improved sexual functioning. Relationships with others
      also improved after the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes for these women
      undergoing hysterectomy for nononcologic reasons were generally
      positive. This information is vital for preoperative counseling by
      nurses of women contemplating or about to undergo this surgery.
AD  - Children's Health Center, Scott and White Clinic, Temple, TX 76508, USA.
SO  - J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1997 Sep;26(5):540-548
UI  - 97443324
PM  - 9298185
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Slavikova E
AU  - Vadkertiova R
TI  - Seasonal occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in the river
      Danube.
MH  - Aerobiosis
MH  - Ascomycetes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Bacteriological Techniques
MH  - Basidiomycetes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - Culture Media/METABOLISM
MH  - Ecology
MH  - Environmental Microbiology
MH  - Fermentation
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Slovakia
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Water Microbiology
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek
IS  - 0003-6072
JC  - 6JE
PG  - 77-80
IP  - 2
VI  - 72
AB  - One hundred and seventy yeast strains belonging to 14 genera and 29
      species were isolated from 112 water samples of the river Danube in the
      area of Bratislava. The samples were collected through the year from
      April to March. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida maltosa,
      Aureobasidium pullulans, Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Rhodotorula
      glutinis, Geotrichum candidum, and Candida krusei were the most
      frequent. The basidiomycetous yeasts and yeast-like organisms with
      oxidative metabolism were present in approximately equal numbers to
      those with fermentative metabolism. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the
      dominant yeast and was isolated from 50% of all samples examined and
      represented approximately one quarter of the yeast community. Yeast
      densities ranged from 100 to 21,100 CFU per litre. The highest
      population density was observed in October. Cryptococcus albidus,
      Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, and Aureobasidium
      pullulans formed the main part of the yeast population in this month.
AD  - Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava,
      Slovakia.
SO  - Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1997 Aug;72(2):77-80
UI  - 98003244
PM  - 9346625
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Cywes R
AU  - Harvey PR
AU  - Packham MA
AU  - Cameron R
AU  - Strasberg SM
TI  - The influence of prostaglandin E1 on platelet adherence and injury in
      preserved rat liver allografts.
MH  - Alprostadil/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Liver/PATHOLOGY
MH  - *Liver Transplantation
MH  - Male
MH  - *Organ Preservation
MH  - Platelet Adhesiveness/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Reperfusion Injury/*PREVENTION & CONTROL
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Transplantation, Homologous
RN  - 745-65-3 (Alprostadil)
DP  - 1996 Jan
TA  - Liver Transpl Surg
IS  - 1074-3022
JC  - CX3
PG  - 23-36
IP  - 1
VI  - 2
AB  - We have previously shown that part of the injury sustained by cold-
      preserved livers on reperfusion is the consequence of platelet adhesion
      to sinusoidal endothelium. The purpose of the present study was to
      determine whether prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) can reduce the injury and if
      so, how to maximize this beneficial effect. Rat livers were cold-
      preserved in University of Wisconsin solution for 30 hours then
      subjected to 1-hour warm ischemia after which they were reperfused at
      37 degrees C with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution with or without
      isolated platelets. PGE1 was used to treat the donor liver during
      harvesting, cold preservation, and reperfusion. In some studies, PGE1
      was used to pretreat platelets before exposing them to the liver, and
      in other studies, both liver and platelets were treated. Pretreatment
      of platelets with paraformaldehyde, which inactivates them, or ADP,
      which activates them, was also studied. Treatment of livers with PGE1
      significantly decreased preservation injury when livers were reperfused
      in the absence of platelets. However, when platelets were added to the
      perfusate, prior treatment of the liver with PGE1 had relatively minor
      beneficial effects. Pretreatment of platelets alone with PGE1 was also
      beneficial, but again the effect was small. However, when both liver
      and platelets were treated with PGE1 there was a highly significant
      decrease in the extent of liver injury and platelet adhesion. Perfusate
      transaminase levels were lower, bile flow was improved, and
      histologically, livers appeared less injured. Pretreatment of platelets
      with paraformaldehyde produced similar results to pretreatment with
      PGE1. When platelets were preactivated with adenosine diphosphate,
      extensive hepatic injury occurred upon reperfusion despite PGE1
      treatment of the liver. PGE1 can lessen preservation-reperfusion injury
      impressively when administered to both liver and platelets but has
      little effect when platelets have been preactivated.
AD  - Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto,
      Ontario, Canada.
SO  - Liver Transpl Surg 1996 Jan;2(1):23-36
UI  - 97383195
PM  - 9237858
PT  - HISTORICAL ARTICLE
AU  - May CA
TI  - Description and function of the ciliary nerves--some historical remarks
      on choroidal innervation.
MH  - Choroid/*INJURIES/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Ciliary Body/*INJURIES
MH  - Ganglia
MH  - History of Medicine, Ancient
MH  - History of Medicine, Medieval
MH  - History of Medicine, 16th Cent.
MH  - History of Medicine, 17th Cent.
MH  - History of Medicine, 18th Cent.
MH  - History of Medicine, 19th Cent.
MH  - Human
MH  - Nerve Fibers
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Exp Eye Res
IS  - 0014-4835
JC  - EPL
PG  - 1-5
IP  - 1
VI  - 65
AB  - The earliest accounts of the eye recognized its main function as
      providing vision, but the mechanism of how the eye functioned remained
      obscure for many centuries. The aim of the following work is to outline
      these changes in the understanding of a particular structure and
      function of the human body, namely, the ciliary nerves supplying the
      uveoscleral part of the eye. In the extensive study on the history of
      ophthalmology by Hirschberg (published between 1899 and 1918), the
      ciliary nerves and choroidal innervation are only sparsely mentioned.
AD  - Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-
      Nuernberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany.
SO  - Exp Eye Res 1997 Jul;65(1):1-5
UI  - 98001549
PM  - 9343384
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Jenness DD
AU  - Li Y
AU  - Tipper C
AU  - Spatrick P
TI  - Elimination of defective alpha-factor pheromone receptors.
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Cell Compartmentation
MH  - Cell Membrane/METABOLISM
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Fungal Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - Protein Folding
MH  - Receptors, Peptide/*METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Reproduction
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/METABOLISM
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Vacuoles/METABOLISM
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Peptide)
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (mating factor receptor)
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Mol Cell Biol
IS  - 0270-7306
JC  - NGY
PG  - 6236-6245
IP  - 11
VI  - 17
AB  - This report compares trafficking routes of a plasma membrane protein
      that was misfolded either during its synthesis or after it had reached
      the cell surface. A temperature-sensitive mutant form of the yeast
      alpha-factor pheromone receptor (ste2-3) was found to provide a model
      substrate for quality control of plasma membrane proteins. We show for
      the first time that a misfolded membrane protein is recognized at the
      cell surface and rapidly removed. When the ste2-3 mutant cells were
      cultured continuously at 34 degrees C, the mutant receptor protein
      (Ste2-3p) failed to accumulate at the plasma membrane and was degraded
      with a half-life of 4 min, compared with a half-life of 33 min for wild-
      type receptor protein (Ste2p). Degradation of both Ste2-3p and Ste2p
      required the vacuolar proteolytic activities controlled by the PEP4
      gene. At 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p comigrated with glycosylated Ste2p on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating
      that Ste2-3p enters the secretory pathway. Degradation of Ste2-3p did
      not require delivery to the plasma membrane as the sec1 mutation failed
      to block rapid turnover. Truncation of the C-terminal cytoplasmic
      domain of the mutant receptors did not permit accumulation at the
      plasma membrane; thus, the endocytic signals contained in this domain
      are unnecessary for intracellular retention. In the pep4 mutant, Ste2-
      3p accumulated as series of high-molecular-weight species, suggesting a
      potential role for ubiquitin in the elimination process. When ste2-3
      mutant cells were cultured continuously at 22 degrees C, Ste2-3p
      accumulated in the plasma membrane. When the 22 degrees C culture was
      shifted to 34 degrees C, Ste2-3p was removed from the plasma membrane
      and degraded by a PEP4-dependent mechanism with a 24-min half-life; the
      wild-type Ste2p displayed a 72-min half-life. Thus, structural defects
      in Ste2-3p synthesized at 34 degrees C are recognized in transit to the
      plasma membrane, leading to rapid degradation, and Ste2-3p that is
      preassembled at the plasma membrane is also removed and degraded
      following a shift to 34 degrees C.
AD  - Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of
      Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655-0122, USA.
      jennessd@ummed.edu
SO  - Mol Cell Biol 1997 Nov;17(11):6236-6245
UI  - 97402316
PM  - 9259380
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Eapen V
AU  - Robertson MM
AU  - Alsobrook JP 2nd
AU  - Pauls DL
TI  - Obsessive compulsive symptoms in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome and
      obsessive compulsive disorder: differences by diagnosis and family
      history.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Basal Ganglia/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Child
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - *Compulsive Behavior
MH  - Dopamine/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Frontal Lobe/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Gyrus Cinguli/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - *Obsessive Behavior
MH  - Obsessive-Compulsive
      Disorder/*PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Psychological Tests
MH  - Serotonin/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Thalamus/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Tourette Syndrome/*PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS/ETIOLOGY
RN  - 51-61-6 (Dopamine)
RN  - 50-67-9 (Serotonin)
DP  - 1997 Jul 25
TA  - Am J Med Genet
IS  - 0148-7299
JC  - 3L4
PG  - 432-438
IP  - 4
VI  - 74
AB  - The distribution of obsessive compulsive symptoms was compared in 16
      individuals with primary obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and 16
      individuals with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and associated
      obsessive compulsive behaviors (OCB). The two groups showed significant
      differences in the distribution of OC symptomatology. Furthermore,
      those OCD probands who shared a similar symptom profile with GTS
      individuals all had a positive family history of OCD. All of the other
      OCD probands were isolated cases. Implications of this finding on the
      etiology and pathogenesis of the two disorders are discussed.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of London, United Kingdom.
SO  - Am J Med Genet 1997 Jul 25;74(4):432-438
UI  - 98026129
PM  - 9379007
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Herold KC
AU  - Lu J
AU  - Rulifson I
AU  - Vezys V
AU  - Taub D
AU  - Grusby MJ
AU  - Bluestone JA
TI  - Regulation of C-C chemokine production by murine T cells by CD28/B7
      costimulation.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Antigens, CD28/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Antigens, CD80/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chemokines, CC/IMMUNOLOGY/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Signal Transduction/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell)
RN  - 0 (Chemokines, CC)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD80)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD28)
DP  - 1997 Nov 1
TA  - J Immunol
IS  - 0022-1767
JC  - IFB
PG  - 4150-4153
IP  - 9
VI  - 159
AB  - C-C chemokines play an important role in recruitment of T lymphocytes
      to inflammatory sites. T lymphocytes secrete chemokines, but the
      activation requirements for chemokine production by T cells are
      uncertain. We studied the regulation of C-C chemokine production by
      CD28 costimulatory signals by murine T lymphocytes. Splenocytes from
      BALB/c mice cultured with anti-CD3 mAb expressed macrophage-
      inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha mRNA and secreted MIP-1alpha, which
      was inhibited by anti-B7-1 plus anti-B7-2 mAbs. MIP-1alpha production
      by Ag-stimulated T cells from DO.11.10 TCR transgenic mice was
      augmented by anti-CD28 mAb and increased compared with DO.11.10/CD28(-/-
      ) cells. When T cell costimulation was provided by IL-2, MIP-1alpha was
      not enhanced. Studies with IL-2, IL-4, STAT4, and STAT6 knock-out mice
      suggested that chemokine production is controlled by pathways different
      from those regulating T cell differentiation. Thus, CD28 costimulation
      may amplify an immune response by stimulating T cell survival,
      proliferation, and production of chemokines that recruit T cells to
      inflammatory sites.
AD  - Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612,
      USA. kherold@uic.edu
SO  - J Immunol 1997 Nov 1;159(9):4150-4153
UI  - 98025848
PM  - 9376099
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Telles PR
AU  - Bastos FI
AU  - Guydish J
AU  - Inciardi JA
AU  - Surratt HL
AU  - Pearl M
AU  - Hearst N
TI  - Risk behavior and HIV seroprevalence among injecting drug users in Rio
      de Janeiro, Brazil.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Brazil/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - HIV Seropositivity/*EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - Male
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Substance Abuse, Intravenous
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - AIDS
IS  - 0269-9370
JC  - AID
PG  - S35-S42
VI  - 11
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To characterize HIV seroprevalence and risk behavior among
      injecting drug users (IDUs) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 1990 and
      1996. DESIGN: We report data from three separate cross-sectional
      samples of IDUs in Rio de Janeiro: the World Health Organization (WHO)
      sample (n = 479), the Proviva sample (n = 138) and the Brasil sample (n
      = 110). These data provide the most comprehensive view available, to
      date, of this understudied population in Rio. METHODS: Demographic
      characteristics, HIV/AIDS risk behavior and HIV seroprevalence were
      compared across the three samples and combined analyses were performed
      to determine the factors associated with injecting risk behavior,
      sexual risk behavior and HIV seropositivity. RESULTS: The overall HIV
      seroprevalence among IDUs was 25%. Two encouraging findings of the
      present analysis were the lower levels of needle-sharing among
      participants recruited in the latest years (1995-1996) and the lower
      HIV seroprevalence in the Proviva sample composed mainly of less
      educated, poorer IDUs living in deprived neighborhoods. No trends
      toward safer behavior were found for sexual risk, younger age being the
      principal factor associated with high risk. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of
      needle-sharing and sexual risk among IDUs in Rio remain high,
      demonstrating the urgent need to increase the limited preventive
      measures undertaken so far. Seroprevalence levels for HIV remain
      significantly lower in the most deprived sample, arguing for the
      fundamental importance of prompt and effective prevention strategies to
      keep infection rates from rising among the poorest and largest strata
      of Rio's IDUs.
AD  - Nucleo de Estudos e Pesquisa em Atencao ao uso de Drogas, State
      University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
SO  - AIDS 1997 Sep;11:S35-S42
UI  - 97473475
PM  - 9332329
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Prentice HG
AU  - Hann IM
AU  - Herbrecht R
AU  - Aoun M
AU  - Kvaloy S
AU  - Catovsky D
AU  - Pinkerton CR
AU  - Schey SA
AU  - Jacobs F
AU  - Oakhill A
AU  - Stevens RF
AU  - Darbyshire PJ
AU  - Gibson BE
TI  - A randomized comparison of liposomal versus conventional amphotericin B
      for the treatment of pyrexia of unknown origin in neutropenic patients.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amphotericin B/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Antibiotics, Antifungal/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Child
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Female
MH  - Fever of Unknown Origin/*DRUG THERAPY/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Mycoses/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Neutropenia/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal)
RN  - 0 (AmBisome)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Br J Haematol
IS  - 0007-1048
JC  - AXC
PG  - 711-718
IP  - 3
VI  - 98
AB  - One hundred and thirty-four adults and 204 children were randomized in
      two prospective, parallel comparative multicentre trials to receive
      either conventional amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d (c-AMB), liposomal
      amphotericin B 1 mg/kg/d(L-AMB1) or liposomal amphotericin B 3 mg/ kg/d
      (L-AMB3). Patients were entered if they had a pyrexia of unknown origin
      (PUO) defined as temperature of 38 degrees C or more, not responding to
      96 h of systemic broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, and neutropenia
      (< 0.5 x 10(9)/l). The safety and toxicity of liposomal amphotericin B
      was compared with that of conventional amphotericin B. Efficacy of
      treatment was assessed, with success defined as resolution of fever for
      3 consecutive days (< 38 degrees C) without the development of any new
      fungal infection. Clinical and laboratory parameters were collected for
      safety analysis. In both the paediatric and adult populations, L-AMB
      treated patients had a 2-6-fold decrease in the incidence (P < or =
      0.01) of test-drug-related side-effects, compared to c-AMB. Severe
      trial-drug-related side-effects were seen in 1% of L-AMB treated
      patients, in contrast to 12% of patients on c-AMB (P < 0.01).
      Nephrotoxicity, in the patient subset not receiving concomitant
      nephrotoxic agents, defined as a doubling from the patients baseline
      serum creatinine level, was not observed in the L-AMB1 arm whereas the
      incidence was 3% in patients on L-AMB3 and 23% in those on c-AMB (P <
      0.01). Moreover, time to develop nephrotoxicity was longer in both L-
      AMB arms than c-AMB (P < 0.01). Severe hypokalaemia was observed less
      frequently in both L-AMB arms (P < 0.01). Analysis was by intention-to-
      treat and included all patients randomized. Success was defined by a
      minimum of 3 consecutive days with fever (< 38 degrees C) continuing to
      study end indicated by recovery of neutrophils to 0.5 x 10(9)/l.
      Addition of systemic antifungal therapy or development of systemic
      fungal infection were failures as was persistent fever to study end.
      Efficacy assessments indicated success in 49% of the total group
      treated with c-AMB, 58% of patients responded to L-AMB1 and 64% to L-
      AMB3. A statistically significant difference was found between c-AMB
      and L-AMB3 (P = 0.03) but a Kaplan-Meier analysis of time to
      differvescence of fever showed there was no significant difference
      between the arms. It was concluded that liposomal amphotericin at
      either 1 or 3 mg/kg/d was significantly safer than conventional
      amphotericin B in children and adults. The main aim of this open-label
      study was to compare safety between the three trial arms. However, we
      provide evidence for an equivalent or possibly superior efficacy of
      liposomal amphotericin with regard to resolution of fever of unknown
      origin. Subsequent trials should compare amphotericin preparations in
      defined fungal infections.
AD  - Royal Free Hospital and School of Medicine, London.
SO  - Br J Haematol 1997 Sep;98(3):711-718
UI  - 97466165
PM  - 9377966
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Jablecki J
AU  - Domanasiewicz A
AU  - Chelmonski A
TI  - Treatment of complex fractures within the hand with external fixation.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bone Cements
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - *External Fixators
MH  - Female
MH  - Fractures, Open/*THERAPY
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Metacarpophalangeal Joint/*INJURIES
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Prosthesis Implantation
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RN  - 0 (Bone Cements)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol
IS  - 0009-479X
JC  - D4E
PG  - 205-209
IP  - 3
VI  - 62
AB  - External fixation with the use of bone cement was employed in treatment
      for 22 metacarpal and phalangeal fractures in 18 patients. Open
      fractures prevailed (70%). A frame or "V" construction was used. Metal
      implants were connected with balls of bone cement. The average hand
      function loss in cases of metacarpal fractures associated with nerves
      and tendons lesion was 25%.
AD  - Osrodka Replantacji Konczyn, Mikrochirurgii, Chirurgii Reki i Chirurgii
      Ogolnej w Trzebnicy.
SO  - Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol 1997 ;62(3):205-209
UI  - 97447666
PM  - 9303406
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ednie LM
AU  - Jacobs MR
AU  - Appelbaum PC
TI  - Comparative antianaerobic activities of the ketolides HMR 3647 (RU
      66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004).
MH  - Antibiotics, Macrolide/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Azithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Bacteria, Anaerobic/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Carbon Dioxide/METABOLISM
MH  - Clarithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Erythromycin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Roxithromycin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 83905-01-5 (Azithromycin)
RN  - 81103-11-9 (Clarithromycin)
RN  - 80214-83-1 (Roxithromycin)
RN  - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide)
RN  - 114-07-8 (Erythromycin)
RN  - 0 (RU 66647)
RN  - 0 (RU 64004)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Macrolide)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
IS  - 0066-4804
JC  - 6HK
PG  - 2019-2022
IP  - 9
VI  - 41
AB  - HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and HMR 3004 (RU 64004), two ketolides, had MICs at
      which 50% of the strains are inhibited (MIC50s) of 0.06 to 0.125
      microg/ml and MIC90s of 16.0 microg/ml against 352 anaerobes. MIC50s
      and MIC90s of erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and
      roxithromycin were 0.5 to 2.0 microg/ml and 32.0 to >64.0 microg/ml,
      respectively. HMR 3647 and HMR 3004 were more active against non-
      Bacteroides fragilis-group anaerobes (other than Fusobacterium
      mortiferum, Fusobacterium varium, and Clostridium difficile).
AD  - Department of Pathology (Clinical Microbiology), Hershey Medical
      Center, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997 Sep;41(9):2019-2022
UI  - 98018999
PM  - 9357967
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Schuening FG
AU  - von Kalle C
AU  - Kiem HP
AU  - Appelbaum FR
AU  - Deeg HJ
AU  - Pepe M
AU  - Gooley T
AU  - Graham TC
AU  - Hackman RC
AU  - Storb R
TI  - Effect of recombinant canine stem cell factor, a c-kit ligand, on
      hematopoietic recovery after DLA-identical littermate marrow
      transplants in dogs.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Bone Marrow Transplantation/*VETERINARY/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Female
MH  - Graft vs Host Disease/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Graft Survival
MH  - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Hematopoiesis/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Histocompatibility
MH  - Male
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Stem Cell Factor/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
RN  - 143011-72-7 (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor)
RN  - 0 (Stem Cell Factor)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Exp Hematol
IS  - 0301-472X
JC  - EPR
PG  - 1240-1245
IP  - 12
VI  - 25
AB  - We studied the effect of recombinant canine stem cell factor (rcSCF) on
      hematopoietic recovery, incidence of graft failure, graft-vs.-host
      disease (GVHD), and survival after marrow transplantation from dog
      leukocyte antigen (DLA)-identical canine littermates. Ten animals
      received 100 microg rcSCF/kg/day b.i.d. by subcutaneous injection on
      days 1 through 10 after 920 cGy total body irradiation and
      transplantation of a mean of 3.7x10(8) marrow cells/kg body weight.
      None of the dogs received GVHD prophylaxis. All animals showed
      hematopoietic engraftment. The median number of days to achieve 1000
      neutrophils/mm3 was 9; 100 monocytes/mm3 were reached after 15 days,
      500 lymphocytes/mm3 after 21 days, and 20,000 platelets/mm3 after 16
      days. One animal developed GVHD involving skin, gut, and liver and died
      of bacterial pneumonia 21 days after transplantation. The remaining
      nine dogs were observed for a median of 37 days (range 29-84 days)
      posttransplantation until they were killed. Facial edema was seen in
      three dogs during the first 2-3 days of rcSCF administration. These
      results show that within the limits of this study it appears to be safe
      to administer SCF after DLA-identical littermate marrow transplants in
      dogs. Comparison with previously published data in the same model
      showed that neutrophil and monocyte recovery was significantly faster
      in dogs receiving SCF treatment compared with dogs without growth
      factor treatment (recovery to achieve 1000 neutrophils/mm3: median 9
      days vs. 13 days, p = 0.002; recovery to 100 monocytes/mm3: median 15
      days vs. 105 days, p = 0.0002). Otherwise, no significant differences
      were seen. Results obtained with SCF treatment were similar to those
      previously obtained in the same model with recombinant human
      granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) treatment except that
      recovery of lymphocytes to 500/mm3 appeared to be more rapid in G-CSF-
      treated dogs (median 15 days vs. 21 days, p = 0.03).
AD  - The University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
SO  - Exp Hematol 1997 Nov;25(12):1240-1245
UI  - 97465497
PM  - 9326217
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Molldrem JJ
AU  - Clave E
AU  - Jiang YZ
AU  - Mavroudis D
AU  - Raptis A
AU  - Hensel N
AU  - Agarwala V
AU  - Barrett AJ
TI  - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a nonpolymorphic proteinase 3
      peptide preferentially inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia colony-forming
      units.
MH  - Bone Marrow/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
MH  - Exons/GENETICS
MH  - Human
MH  - HLA-A2 Antigen/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Immunotherapy, Adoptive
MH  - Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/PATHOLOGY/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Neoplasm Proteins/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Peptide Fragments/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Serine Proteinases/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Tumor Stem Cell Assay
MH  - Tumor Stem Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY/ENZYMOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (Neoplasm Proteins)
RN  - 0 (HLA-A2 Antigen)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.76 (myeloblastin)
RN  - EC 3.4.21 (Serine Proteinases)
DP  - 1997 Oct 1
TA  - Blood
IS  - 0006-4971
JC  - A8G
PG  - 2529-2534
IP  - 7
VI  - 90
AB  - We previously showed that a peptide (PR1) derived from the primary
      granule enzyme proteinase 3 induced peptide specific cytotoxic T
      lymphocytes (CTL) in a normal HLA-A2.1+ individual. These CTL showed
      HLA-restricted cytotoxicity to myeloid leukemias (which overexpress
      proteinase 3). To further investigate their antileukemic potential, we
      studied the ability of PR1-specific CTL, derived from two HLA-A2.1+
      normal individuals, to inhibit colony-forming unit granulocyte-
      macrophage (CFU-GM) from normal and leukemic individuals. CTL from 20
      day PR1 peptide-pulsed lymphocyte cultures showed 89% to 98% HLA-A2.1-
      restricted colony inhibition of chronic myeloid leukemia targets.
      Colony formation in normal HLA-A2.1+ bone marrow or HLA-A2.1- CML cells
      was not inhibited. Sequencing of the exon encoding PR1 showed that
      colony inhibition was not caused by polymorphic differences in
      proteinase 3 between effectors and targets. Analysis by flow cytometry
      showed that proteinase 3 was overexpressed in the leukemia targets
      compared with normal marrow targets (median channel fluorescence 1,399
      v 298, P = .009). These results show that PR1-specific allogeneic T
      cells preferentially inhibit leukemic CFU-GM based on overexpression of
      proteinase 3, and that proteinase 3-specific CTL could be used for
      leukemia-specific adoptive immunotherapy.
AD  - Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National
      Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
SO  - Blood 1997 Oct 1;90(7):2529-2534
UI  - 98018608
PM  - 9382507
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Egawa S
AU  - Fukuyama S
AU  - Sunamura M
AU  - Kobari M
AU  - Matsuno S
TI  - Intraoperative radiotherapy in carcinoma of the body and tail of the
      pancreas.
MH  - Aged
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Human
MH  - *Intraoperative Care
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Pain Measurement
MH  - Pain, Postoperative/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Pancreatic Neoplasms/SURGERY/*RADIOTHERAPY/MORTALITY
MH  - Radiotherapy Dosage
MH  - Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Survival Rate
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho
IS  - 0385-0684
JC  - 6T8
PG  - 1687-1690
IP  - 12
VI  - 24
AB  - The prognosis for patients with carcinoma of the body and tail of the
      pancreas is extremely poor. We analyzed the effectiveness of
      intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) from the viewpoint of the cumulative
      survival rate and pain relief. The prognosis of patients who underwent
      IOR with/without resection was significantly longer than for patients
      without IOR (p < 0.0001). Better pain relief was obtained by IOR.
      Although a randomized prospective study is required, resection and IOR
      will be the central treatment modalities for carcinoma of the body and
      tail of the pancreas.
AD  - Dept. of Surgery I, Tohoku University School of Medicine.
SO  - Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1997 Sep;24(12):1687-1690
UI  - 97467412
PM  - 9325342
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sievert MK
AU  - Ruoho AE
TI  - Peptide mapping of the [125I]Iodoazidoketanserin and [125I]2-N-[(3'-
      iodo-4'-azidophenyl)propionyl]tetrabenazine binding sites for the
      synaptic vesicle monoamine transporter.
MH  - Affinity Labels/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Azides/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Iodine Radioisotopes
MH  - Ketanserin/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Neurotransmitters/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Peptide Mapping
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Rats
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/METABOLISM
MH  - Spodoptera
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Synaptic Vesicles/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Tetrabenazine/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
RN  - 74050-98-9 (Ketanserin)
RN  - 58-46-8 (Tetrabenazine)
RN  - 136769-36-3 (azidoiodoketanserin)
RN  - 0 (2-N-((3'-iodo-4'-azidophenyl)propionyl)tetrabenazine)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Neurotransmitters)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Iodine Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (Azides)
RN  - 0 (Affinity Labels)
RN  - 0 (vesicular amine transporter)
DP  - 1997 Oct 10
TA  - J Biol Chem
IS  - 0021-9258
JC  - HIV
PG  - 26049-26055
IP  - 41
VI  - 272
AB  - The full-length cDNA for the rat recombinant synaptic vesicle monoamine
      transporter (rVMAT2) containing a COOH-terminal polyhistidine epitope
      was engineered into baculovirus DNA for expression in Spodoptera
      frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Using this recombinant baculovirus and cultured
      Sf9 cells, rVMAT2 has been expressed to high levels and purified to
      >95% homogeneity using immobilized Ni2+-affinity chromatography
      followed by lectin (concanavalin A) chromatography. Purified
      transporter was photolabeled using [125I]-7-azido-8-iodoketanserin
      ([125I]AZIK) and [125I]2-N-[(3'-iodo-4'-
      azidophenyl)propionyl]tetrabenazine ([125I]TBZ-AIPP). Both [125I]AZIK
      and [125I]TBZ-AIPP photoaffinity labeling of purified rVMAT2 were
      protectable by 10 microM tetrabenazine (TBZ), 10 microM 7-
      aminoketanserin, and 1 mM concentrations of the transporter substrates
      dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Radiolabeled peptides were
      generated using enzymatic and chemical methods, purified using sodium
      dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and NH2-terminal
      microsequenced. Radiosequencing of [125I]AZIK-labeled rVMAT2 indicated
      derivatization of Lys-20 in the NH2 terminus, just prior to putative
      transmembrane domain 1 (TMD1). [125I]TBZ-AIPP derivatized a segment of
      rVMAT2 between Gly-408 and Cys-431 in TMD10 and 11. These data
      implicate juxtaposition of TMD1 and 10/11.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School,
      Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
SO  - J Biol Chem 1997 Oct 10;272(41):26049-26055
UI  - 97446891
PM  - 9301342
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Jason LA
AU  - Richman JA
AU  - Friedberg F
AU  - Wagner L
AU  - Taylor R
AU  - Jordan KM
TI  - Politics, science, and the emergence of a new disease. The case of
      chronic fatigue syndrome.
MH  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - *Fatigue Syndrome,
      Chronic/PSYCHOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS/CLASSIFICATION
MH  - Human
MH  - Mental Disorders/EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - *Nomenclature
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - United States/EPIDEMIOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Am Psychol
IS  - 0003-066X
JC  - 41V
PG  - 973-983
IP  - 9
VI  - 52
AB  - Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) emerged as a diagnostic category during
      the last decade. Initial research suggested that CFS was a relatively
      rare disorder with a high level of psychiatric comorbidity. Many
      physicians minimized the seriousness of this disorder and also
      interpreted the syndrome as being equivalent to a psychiatric disorder.
      These attitudes had negative consequences for the treatment of CFS. By
      the mid-1990s, findings from more representative epidemiological
      studies indicated considerably higher CFS prevalence rates. However,
      the use of the revised CFS case definition might have produced
      heterogeneous patient groups, possibly including some patients with
      pure psychiatric disorders. Social scientists have the expertise to
      more precisely define this syndrome and to develop appropriate and
      sensitive research strategies for understanding this disease.
AD  - Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.
SO  - Am Psychol 1997 Sep;52(9):973-983
UI  - 98016285
PM  - 9353195
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ash EL
AU  - Sudmeier JL
AU  - De Fabo EC
AU  - Bachovchin WW
TI  - A low-barrier hydrogen bond in the catalytic triad of serine proteases?
      Theory versus experiment.
MH  - Aspartic Acid/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Boronic Acids/METABOLISM
MH  - Catalysis
MH  - Histidine/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Hydrogen Bonding
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
MH  - Oligopeptides/METABOLISM
MH  - Protons
MH  - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/METABOLISM
MH  - Serine Proteinases/METABOLISM/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Subtilisins/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Urocanic Acid/CHEMISTRY
RN  - 94242-73-6 (O-methyl-succinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-borovaline)
RN  - 7006-35-1 (Histidine)
RN  - 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid)
RN  - 104-98-3 (Urocanic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Serine Proteinase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Protons)
RN  - 0 (Oligopeptides)
RN  - 0 (Boronic Acids)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.12 (Myxobacter alpha-lytic proteinase)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.- (Subtilisins)
RN  - EC 3.4.21 (Serine Proteinases)
DP  - 1997 Nov 7
TA  - Science
IS  - 0036-8075
JC  - UJ7
PG  - 1128-1132
IP  - 5340
VI  - 278
AB  - Cleland and Kreevoy recently advanced the idea that a special type of
      hydrogen bond (H-bond), termed a low-barrier hydrogen bond (LBHB), may
      account for the "missing" transition state stabilization underlying the
      catalytic power of many enzymes, and Frey et al. have proposed that the
      H-bond between aspartic acid 102 and histidine 57 in the catalytic
      triad of serine proteases is an example of a catalytically important
      LBHB. Experimental facts are here considered regarding the aspartic
      acid-histidine and cis-urocanic H-bonds that are inconsistent with
      fundamental tenets of the LBHB hypothesis. The inconsistencies between
      theory and experiment in these paradigm systems cast doubt on the
      existence of LBHBs, as currently defined, within enzyme active sites.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine,
      Boston, MA 02111, USA.
SO  - Science 1997 Nov 7;278(5340):1128-1132
UI  - 97460839
PM  - 9315221
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Singh DV
AU  - Sanyal SC
TI  - Enterotoxicity, haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility of
      Aeromonas eucrenophila strains isolated from water and infected fish.
MH  - Aeromonas/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Animal
MH  - Fish Diseases/MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Fishes/*MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Gastrointestinal System/MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/VETERINARY/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Hemolysis
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Water Microbiology
DP  - 1997 Feb
TA  - Indian J Exp Biol
IS  - 0019-5189
JC  - GIZ
PG  - 144-147
IP  - 2
VI  - 35
AB  - Strains of A. eucrenophila isolated from fresh water (2 strains) and
      infected fish (4 strains) were tested for haemolytic activity and
      enterotoxicity and any correlation between them. Also, the resistance
      patterns of A. eucrenophila were tested especially in relation to
      ampicillin. None of the A. eucrenophila strains caused fluid
      accumulation in the initial tests, however, they did so only after one
      to four sequential passages through the gut of a susceptible host. All
      the strains of A. eucrenophila showed beta-haemolytic activities.
      Production of beta-haemolysin could be correlated with enterotoxicity.
      Since all the strains of A. eucrenophila were resistant to ampicillin,
      media containing this antibiotic may be used for their isolation from
      diverse sources.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
SO  - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 Feb;35(2):144-147
UI  - 97474436
PM  - 9335460
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Masuda M
AU  - Yamazaki K
AU  - Kanzaki J
AU  - Hosoda Y
TI  - Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigation of the human
      vestibular dark cell area: roles of subepithelial capillaries and T
      lymphocyte-melanophage interaction in an immune surveillance system.
MH  - von Willebrand Factor/ANALYSIS
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antigens, CD45/ANALYSIS
MH  - Capillaries/ULTRASTRUCTURE/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Ear Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Epithelium/ULTRASTRUCTURE/IMMUNOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - *Immunologic Surveillance
MH  - Macrophages/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Neurilemmoma/PATHOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Semicircular Canals/CYTOLOGY
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Vestibule/IMMUNOLOGY/CYTOLOGY/*BLOOD SUPPLY
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD45)
RN  - 0 (von Willebrand Factor)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Anat Rec
IS  - 0003-276X
JC  - 4QM
PG  - 153-162
IP  - 2
VI  - 249
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to morphologically
      characterize the structure of the subepithelial blood vessels in the
      dark cell area of the human vestibular organs, and to determine whether
      immunocompetent cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes could be
      found around these small blood vessels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 31
      surgical specimens (semicircular canals and utricles) were obtained
      from patients with vestibular schwannoma. Formalin fixed specimens were
      stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and with antibodies to von
      Willebrand Factor (vWF), leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and UCHL-1,
      and were examined with light microscope. Specimens fixed with
      glutaraldehyde were examined with a transmission electron microscope
      (TEM). OBJECTIVES: Subepithelial blood vessels stained positive for
      vWF. By TEM observation, these blood vessels were observed to be
      capillaries that consisted of non-fenestrated endothelium, occasional
      pericytes, and a basement membrane. They were usually accompanied by
      melanophages with a number of secondary lysosomes containing
      phagocytosed degraded melanosomes and lipid droplets. Moreover,
      melanocytes and their cell processes directly surrounded these
      subepithelial capillaries. The fact that cells which were positively
      stained with LCA and UCHL-1 were present both in the intra- and
      subepithelial layer of the specimens, and that by TEM the intra- and
      subepithelial mononuclear cells with a lymphoid appearance had
      clustered dense bodies in their cytoplasm, suggested that they were a
      population of T lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggested the
      possibility of a T lymphocyte-melanophage (macrophage) interaction,
      both originating from and harbored around subepithelial capillaries,
      which suggests the presence of an immune surveillance system in the
      human vestibular organs.
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Keio University, School of Medicine,
      Tokyo, Japan.
SO  - Anat Rec 1997 Oct;249(2):153-162
UI  - 97470618
PM  - 9331078
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Majewski S
AU  - Jablonska S
TI  - Skin autografts in epidermodysplasia verruciformis: human
      papillomavirus-associated cutaneous changes need over 20 years for
      malignant conversion.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
MH  - Cell Transformation, Viral
MH  - Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Papillomavirus, Human/*PATHOGENICITY
MH  - Papovaviridae Infections/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Precancerous Conditions/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Skin Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY
MH  - Skin Transplantation/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transplantation, Autologous
MH  - Tumor Virus Infections/VIROLOGY/*SURGERY/PATHOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Oct 1
TA  - Cancer Res
IS  - 0008-5472
JC  - CNF
PG  - 4214-4216
IP  - 19
VI  - 57
AB  - Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is regarded as a model for
      cutaneous oncogenesis associated with specific human papillomaviruses
      (HPVs). Because genital HPV-associated carcinogenesis is a very long-
      lasting process requiring 20-30 years and epidemiological studies of
      this type for HPV-associated skin cancers are impossible in such a rare
      disease as EV, we observed for up to 20 years EV patients having
      surgery for carcinomas with consecutive autografts from uninvolved and
      non-sun-exposed skin. We noticed the appearance of premalignant and
      malignant changes around the grafts, whereas within the grafted skin,
      only benign macular lesions started to develop several years after
      transplantation. Thus, skin HPV-associated carcinogenesis appears to be
      a very slow process comparable to the genital carcinogenesis associated
      with high risk HPVs.
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Poland.
SO  - Cancer Res 1997 Oct 1;57(19):4214-4216
UI  - 97467352
PM  - 9325282
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Cotten JF
AU  - Welsh MJ
TI  - Covalent modification of the regulatory domain irreversibly stimulates
      cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/METABOLISM
MH  - Alanine/METABOLISM
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/METABOLISM
MH  - Cysteine/METABOLISM
MH  - Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance
      Regulator/METABOLISM/GENETICS/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Cytoplasm/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Ethylmaleimide/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Models, Chemical
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transfection
RN  - 6898-94-8 (Alanine)
RN  - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate)
RN  - 4371-52-2 (Cysteine)
RN  - 128-53-0 (Ethylmaleimide)
RN  - 126880-72-6 (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator)
RN  - EC 2.7.10.- (Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases)
DP  - 1997 Oct 10
TA  - J Biol Chem
IS  - 0021-9258
JC  - HIV
PG  - 25617-25622
IP  - 41
VI  - 272
AB  - The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl-
      channel is regulated by three cytosolic domains, the regulatory domain
      (R domain) and two nucleotide binding domains. To learn more about how
      the cytosolic domains regulate channel activity, we used chemical
      modification to probe their structure. When we applied the sulfhydryl-
      modifying reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and other N-substituted
      maleimides to the cytosolic domains, we found that they rapidly and
      irreversibly stimulated channel activity. CFTR contains 14
      intracellular cysteine residues that might be targets for NEM
      modification. We identified one, Cys832, that was essential for the
      response. Cys832 is located in the R domain. Single channel studies
      showed that NEM stimulated CFTR by increasing the duration of bursts of
      activity and by shortening the closed interval between bursts. At the
      single channel level, CFTR in which Cys832 was mutated to alanine
      behaved identically to wild-type CFTR, except that it failed to respond
      to NEM. Additional studies showed that NEM modification increased the
      potency of ATP-mediated stimulation. Previous work has shown that
      modification of the R domain by phosphorylation, which introduces
      negative charge, or replacement of multiple serines by negatively
      charged aspartates stimulates the channel. Our current data show that
      covalent modification of the R domain with a neutral, hydrophobic
      adduct at a site that is not phosphorylated can also stimulate CFTR.
      This finding suggests that an alteration in the conformation of the R
      domain may be a key feature that regulates channel activity.
AD  - Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Internal
      Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
      52242, USA.
SO  - J Biol Chem 1997 Oct 10;272(41):25617-25622
UI  - 98025784
PM  - 9382073
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sterling RK
AU  - Herbener TE
AU  - Jacobs GH
AU  - Post AB
AU  - Carey JT
AU  - Haaga JR
TI  - Multifocal hepatic lesions in AIDS: an unusual presentation of
      steatosis.
MH  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Fatty Liver/RADIOGRAPHY/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Human
MH  - Liver/RADIOGRAPHY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Sarcoma, Kaposi/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Skin Neoplasms/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am J Gastroenterol
IS  - 0002-9270
JC  - 3HE
PG  - 1934-1936
IP  - 10
VI  - 92
AB  - Patients infected with HIV frequently have abnormal results on liver
      tests, leading to radiographic evaluation for hepatic lesions. The
      etiology of these lesions in patients infected with HIV is most often
      secondary to infections or tumors. Occasionally, focal abnormalities in
      the liver are identified in asymptomatic patients. The etiology and
      clinical course in this subset of patients are not known. However,
      because of concerns of tumor, an evaluation is usually warranted. We
      report an unusual case of multifocal hepatic steatosis presenting as
      multiple liver lesions in an HIV-positive patient with cutaneous
      Kaposi's sarcoma. This case emphasizes the importance of obtaining a
      tissue diagnosis in this patient population.
AD  - Department of Medicine, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
SO  - Am J Gastroenterol 1997 Oct;92(10):1934-1936
UI  - 98021902
PM  - 9377881
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - MacIntyre NR
AU  - McConnell R
AU  - Cheng KC
AU  - Sane A
TI  - Patient-ventilator flow dyssynchrony: flow-limited versus pressure-
      limited breaths.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Airway Obstruction/THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Monitoring, Physiologic/INSTRUMENTATION
MH  - Positive-Pressure Respiration, Intrinsic/THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Respiration, Artificial/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*METHODS
MH  - Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Work of Breathing
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Crit Care Med
IS  - 0090-3493
JC  - DTF
PG  - 1671-1677
IP  - 10
VI  - 25
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Patient-ventilator flow dyssynchrony occurs when ventilator
      flow delivery is insufficient to meet patient demands. If sufficiently
      severe, flow dyssynchrony can produce significant imposed loads on
      ventilatory muscles. Flow dyssynchrony can be improved by increasing
      ventilator flow delivery. We hypothesized that the variable flow
      pressure-limited breath would be a better approach for matching patient
      flow demands than adjusting a set flow on a conventional volume-cycled
      breath. DESIGN: Clinical interventional study. SETTING: Medical
      intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Sixteen stable, mechanically ventilated
      patients receiving volume-cycled assist-control ventilation.
      INTERVENTIONS: Flow dyssynchrony was produced by reducing the set flow
      by 50%. Dyssynchrony was quantified by measuring the esophageal
      pressure time product during the assisted breath. Two strategies were
      then employed in an attempt to reduce the dyssynchrony. One strategy
      was to increase flow back to the initial set flow and then further
      increase flow by an additional 25% (VI strategy). The other strategy
      was to use a pressure-limited breath feature coupled to a volume assist
      breath (the P strategy). With the P strategy, the pressure limit was
      set at 75% and 100% of the static elastic recoil pressure at end-
      inspiration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Pressure time product,
      intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure, and the ventilatory pattern
      were measured with each strategy and were analyzed by analysis of
      variance. Induced baseline flow dyssynchrony, as measured by the
      pressure time product, was > 5 cm H2O/sec in ten of 16 patients. This
      dyssynchrony was significantly reduced by both the VI strategy and the
      P strategy, although the P strategy appeared to be more effective in
      those patients with the greatest baseline dyssynchrony. Baseline
      inspiratory time was also shortened by both the VI strategy and the P
      strategy; the VI strategy shortened baseline inspiratory time more than
      the P strategy. Baseline tidal volume, frequency, and intrinsic
      positive end-expiratory pressure were only minimally affected by either
      strategy. CONCLUSION: The pressure-limited, variable-flow approach to
      ventilator gas delivery appears to be more responsive to a vigorous
      patient effort than a fixed-flow approach.
AD  - Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
SO  - Crit Care Med 1997 Oct;25(10):1671-1677
UI  - 97460847
PM  - 9315229
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Dhulipal PD
TI  - Ets oncogene family.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/GENETICS
MH  - DNA/METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Human
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Multigene Family
MH  - *Oncogenes
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Trans-Activation (Genetics)
MH  - Transcription Factors/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins)
RN  - 0 (proto-oncogene protein ets)
RN  - 0 (oncogene protein ets)
DP  - 1997 Apr
TA  - Indian J Exp Biol
IS  - 0019-5189
JC  - GIZ
PG  - 315-322
IP  - 4
VI  - 35
AB  - First member of Ets gene family was discovered a decade ago by studying
      avian erythroblastosis virus, E26. This virus encodes a tripartite
      protein gag-myb-ets with a molecular weight of 135 kDa. Subsequently, a
      series of cellular Ets genes were isolated (Ets-1, Ets-2, Erg, Elk-1,
      Sap-1, PEA-3, PU.1, Fli-1, Pok/Yan, Etv-1 etc.). These genes share
      sequence homology to E26 Ets gene (v-ets or viral ets). Ets genes are
      highly conserved in phylogenetically divergent species from Drosophila
      to man. Mammalian Ets genes are located on different chromosomes. Ets
      gene products are transcriptionally active sequence-specific DNA
      binding proteins and are differentially regulated. Ets genes are
      involved in certain chromosomal translocations leading to the formation
      of chimeric fusion proteins that are associated with certain leukemias
      and soft tissue cancers. Ets genes also have a role in T-cell
      development and molecular and genetic analysis of Down Syndrome
      patients have implicated the human Ets-2 and Erg genes in the disease.
      Down Syndrome afflicted patients have immunologic and thymic disorders
      as well as a greater risk for leukemic disease. Thus, Ets genes having
      homology to viral oncogenes, may be instrumental in regulating cellular
      growth and differentiation, as well as organismal development.
      Alteration of these genes and their products may cause deregulation of
      normal cell growth and differentiation and result in a disease.
AD  - Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University
      of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
SO  - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 Apr;35(4):315-322
UI  - 97405185
PM  - 9261855
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shaffer JP
AU  - Barson W
AU  - Luquette M
AU  - Groner JI
AU  - Hogan MJ
AU  - Allen E
TI  - Massive hemoptysis as the presenting manifestation in a child with
      histoplasmosis.
MH  - Amphotericin B/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Antibiotics, Antifungal/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Antifungal Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Bronchoscopy
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Child
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Hemoptysis/SURGERY/*ETIOLOGY
MH  - Histoplasmosis/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Human
MH  - Itraconazole/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Lung/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lung Diseases, Fungal/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Male
MH  - Pneumonectomy
MH  - Recurrence
RN  - 84625-61-6 (Itraconazole)
RN  - 1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B)
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal)
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Pediatr Pulmonol
IS  - 8755-6863
JC  - OWH
PG  - 57-60
IP  - 1
VI  - 24
AB  - A previously healthy and asymptomatic 7-year-old white boy presented
      with a history of two episodes of hemoptysis productive of bright red
      blood in the 5 days preceding admission. After admission he developed
      massive hemoptysis that, on bronchoscopy, was noted to be emanating
      from the right lower lobe. An emergency right lower lobe resection was
      done. Pathological examination revealed hilar adenopathy and peripheral
      lesions with caseating granulomas containing yeast, morphologically
      consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University Medical Center,
      Columbus 43210, USA.
SO  - Pediatr Pulmonol 1997 Jul;24(1):57-60
UI  - 97477556
PM  - 9336559
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - AbuSabha R
AU  - Achterberg C
TI  - Review of self-efficacy and locus of control for nutrition- and health-
      related behavior.
MH  - *Feeding Behavior/PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - *Health Behavior
MH  - Human
MH  - *Internal-External Control
MH  - *Nutrition
MH  - *Self Concept
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Am Diet Assoc
IS  - 0002-8223
JC  - H6F
PG  - 1122-1132
IP  - 10
VI  - 97
AB  - This article reviews several cognitive predictors of health- and diet-
      related behaviors commonly used in theories and models of nutrition and
      health behavior change. Constructs such as self-efficacy, self-esteem,
      outcome expectancies, health value, and locus of control are examined.
      Self-efficacy has repeatedly been a good predictor of health behavior,
      sometimes explaining more than 50% of variability. Research on locus of
      control and other predictive factors has been less conclusive. The take-
      home message is threefold: (a) task specificity of self-efficacy and
      domain specificity of locus of control are crucial for unraveling their
      effects on behavior; (b) careful segmentation of different population
      groups under study may explain the inconsistencies in previous
      research; and (c) especially when studying dietary behavior, these
      predictors of behavior change should not be used alone or in place of
      one another but should be used simultaneously to explain complex food
      and diet-related behaviors. We recommend that nutritionists
      systematically integrate available theories and models and explore new
      areas for studying human behavior, such as sociology and anthropology,
      to form a more powerful, comprehensive model for behavior change.
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
      16802, USA.
SO  - J Am Diet Assoc 1997 Oct;97(10):1122-1132
UI  - 97428621
PM  - 9281438
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Korbmacher B
AU  - Sunderdiek U
AU  - Selcan G
AU  - Arnold G
AU  - Schipke JD
TI  - Different responses of non-ischemic and post-ischemic myocardium
      towards Ca2+ sensitization.
MH  - Action Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Animal
MH  - Arrhythmia/PREVENTION & CONTROL
MH  - Bradycardia/CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Calcium/*METABOLISM
MH  - Cardiotonic Agents/TOXICITY/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Heart Rate/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Male
MH  - Myocardial Contraction/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Myocardial Ischemia/*METABOLISM/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Myocardial Reperfusion
MH  - Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/*METABOLISM
MH  - Myocardial Stunning/*METABOLISM/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Oxygen Consumption/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Systole/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Thiadiazines/TOXICITY/*PHARMACOLOGY
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 158623-12-2 (EMD 60263)
RN  - 0 (Thiadiazines)
RN  - 0 (Cardiotonic Agents)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - J Mol Cell Cardiol
IS  - 0022-2828
JC  - J72
PG  - 2053-2066
IP  - 8
VI  - 29
AB  - We tested whether decreased Ca2+ sensitivity is a major cause for
      dysfunctional stunned myocardium. The experiments employed a novel Ca2+
      sensitizing agent: the thiadiazinone derivative EMD 60 263. Experiments
      were done on 14 isolated, blood-perfused rabbit hearts. After control,
      seven hearts were subjected to 20 min no-flow ischemia, and then
      allowed to recover during 30 min reperfusion. Thereafter, EMD 60 263
      was administered (3, 10 and 30 &mgr;m). For comparison, the effect of
      the same doses was investigated in seven non-ischemic hearts. At the
      low dose, the agent improved ventricular systolic function in the post-
      ischemic group significantly (LVPmax: 65+/-13 v 91+/-17 mmHg; dP/dtmax:
      845+/-235 v 1300+/-350 mmHg/s), and non-significantly in the non-
      ischemic group (LVPmax: 115+/-35 v 132+/-39 mmHg; dP/dtmax: 1415+/-545
      v 1885+/-720 mmHg/s). Early relaxation (dP/dtmin) was slightly improved
      in both groups (800+/-225 v 1050+/-220 mmHg/s post-ischemic; 1120+/-315
      v 1205+/-285 mmHg/s non-ischemic). Heart rate was increased (151+/-35 v
      175+/-45 beats/min) in the post-ischemic group and was unaffected in
      the non-ischemic group. At the higher dose, systolic ventricular
      function in the post-ischemic group was further improved (LVPmax: 109+/-
      17 mmHg, dP/dtmax: 1330+/-180 mmHg/s), but tended to decrease in the
      non-ischemic group (LVPmax: 121+/-40 mmHg, dP/dtmax: 1605+/-680
      mmHg/s). This dose decreased heart rate in both groups (133+/-34 and
      134+/-23 beats/min). 30 &mgr;m EMD 60 263 had deleterious effects in
      both groups. The different responses towards Ca2+ sensitization suggest
      that a decrease in Ca2+ sensitivity might play a role in dysfunctional
      stunned myocardium. Therefore, Ca2+ sensitizing agents of the
      thiadiazinone type could be useful to recruit a positive inotropic
      reserve in stunned myocardium.
AD  - Institute of Experimental Surgery, University of Dusseldorf,
      Dusseldorf, Germany.
SO  - J Mol Cell Cardiol 1997 Aug;29(8):2053-2066
UI  - 97458337
PM  - 9313157
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Meijer GA
AU  - Bontempo V
AU  - Van Vuuren AM
AU  - Van der Meulen J
TI  - Effect of starch on the bioavailability of glutamine and leucine in the
      dairy cow.
MH  - Absorption
MH  - Animal
MH  - Biological Availability
MH  - Cattle/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Duodenum/METABOLISM
MH  - Female
MH  - Glutamine/*PHARMACOKINETICS
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Leucine/*PHARMACOKINETICS
MH  - Rumen/METABOLISM
MH  - Starch/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
RN  - 9005-25-8 (Starch)
RN  - 7005-03-0 (Leucine)
RN  - 56-85-9 (Glutamine)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - J Dairy Sci
IS  - 0022-0302
JC  - HWV
PG  - 2143-2148
IP  - 9
VI  - 80
AB  - This experiment was designed to quantify changes in utilization of Gln
      and Leu by the gut wall as a result of changes in the starch supply to
      the duodenum. Four dairy cows fitted with cannulas in the rumen and the
      distal duodenum were adapted for 3 wk to starch infusion, either into
      the rumen (600 g/d of flaked maize) or into the duodenum (300 g/d of
      flaked maize plus 300 g/d of maize meal), in a 2 x 2 crossover design.
      Absorption and elimination kinetics and the relative bioavailability of
      Gln and Leu were measured during wk 4 and 5. After infusion of 50 g of
      Gln or 10 g of Leu into the duodenum or jugular vein, blood samples
      were taken from the jugular vein at 0.5-h intervals up to 4 h after
      infusion. Concentrations of Gln and Leu in plasma fitted best to an
      open, one-compartment model (duodenal infusion) or to an open, two-
      compartment model (i.v. infusion). Both amino acids were rapidly
      absorbed; half-life times were less than 20 min. The amount of Gln
      trapped in the splanchnic bed was higher than the amount of Leu trapped
      in the splanchnic bed. Site of starch infusion did not affect the
      relative bioavailability of amino acids.
AD  - Department of Ruminant Nutrition, Institute for Animal Science and
      Health, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
SO  - J Dairy Sci 1997 Sep;80(9):2143-2148
UI  - 98005032
PM  - 9344581
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Seewaldt VL
AU  - Caldwell LE
AU  - Johnson BS
AU  - Swisshelm K
AU  - Collins SJ
AU  - Tsai S
TI  - Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor function in normal human mammary
      epithelial cells results in increased cellular proliferation and
      inhibits the formation of a polarized epithelium in vitro.
MH  - Breast/*CYTOLOGY
MH  - Cell Aging/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Cell Division/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Polarity/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Choline O-Acetyltransferase/GENETICS
MH  - Down-Regulation (Physiology)/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Epithelial Cells/ULTRASTRUCTURE/CYTOLOGY/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Extracellular Matrix Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Genes, Reporter
MH  - Growth Substances/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Microscopy, Electron
MH  - Mutagenesis/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Receptors, Retinoic Acid/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Retroviridae/GENETICS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transformation, Genetic
MH  - Viral Fusion Proteins/PHYSIOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Viral Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Retinoic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Growth Substances)
RN  - 0 (Extracellular Matrix Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.6 (Choline O-Acetyltransferase)
DP  - 1997 Oct 10
TA  - Exp Cell Res
IS  - 0014-4827
JC  - EPB
PG  - 16-28
IP  - 1
VI  - 236
AB  - The expression of retinoic acid receptor-beta (RAR beta) mRNA is absent
      or down-regulated in a majority of breast cancers, suggesting that loss
      of retinoic acid receptor function may be a critical event in breast
      cancer carcinogenesis. We developed an in vitro system to investigate
      whether the loss of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) function might affect
      the proliferation and structural differentiation of normal cultured
      human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Utilizing a truncated retinoic
      acid receptor (RAR)-alpha construct exhibiting dominant-negative
      activity against retinoic acid receptor isoforms alpha, beta, and gamma
      (DNRAR), we inhibited normal retinoic acid receptor function in HMECs.
      Suppression of RAR function in HMECs resulted in reduced growth
      inhibition mediated by all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Moreover, the
      doubling time of HMECs expressing the DNRAR was significantly
      shortened, associated with a decrease in the percentage of cells in G1
      and an increase in the percentage of cells in S-phase relative to
      controls. In addition, HMECs expressing the DNRAR cultured in prepared
      extracellular matrix exhibited a loss of extracellular matrix-induced
      growth arrest and formation of a polarized ductal epthelium. Our
      results suggest that ATRA and RARs may play an important role in
      regulating the proliferation of HMECs and in promoting differentiation.
AD  - Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195,
      USA. vseewald@u.washington.edu
SO  - Exp Cell Res 1997 Oct 10;236(1):16-28
UI  - 98025922
PM  - 9380472
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Thoroddsen E
AU  - Marr C
AU  - Efthymiopoulos C
AU  - Thorarinsson H
TI  - Concentration of cefuroxime in middle ear effusion of children with
      acute otitis media.
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Cefuroxime/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/METABOLISM
MH  - Cephalosporins/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/METABOLISM
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Human
MH  - Infant
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Otitis Media with Effusion/METABOLISM/*DRUG THERAPY
RN  - 55268-75-2 (Cefuroxime)
RN  - 0 (Cephalosporins)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Pediatr Infect Dis J
IS  - 0891-3668
JC  - OXJ
PG  - 959-962
IP  - 10
VI  - 16
AB  - BACKGROUND: Antibiotic concentrations in serum and middle ear effusion
      are important in determining therapeutic success in acute otitis media.
      For beta-lactams the most relevant pharmacokinetic index for clinical
      efficacy is the time for which serum concentrations exceed the minimum
      inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the pathogen, which should be at
      least 40 to 50% of the dosing interval. METHODS: In this open, single
      center study, the concentration of cefuroxime achieved in the serum and
      middle ear effusion of pediatric acute otitis media patients with
      purulent effusion was assessed between 2 and 5 h after a single oral
      dose of 15 mg/kg cefuroxime axetil suspension. RESULTS: Serum
      concentrations of cefuroxime ranged from 2.8 to 7.3 microg/ml and were
      consistent with the results of previous pharmacokinetic study. These
      results show that serum concentrations of cefuroxime remain above the
      MIC90 (2.0 microg/ml) for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus
      influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis for at least 5 h (42%) of the 12-h
      dosing interval. Cefuroxime was detected in 14 of 17 (82%) middle ear
      effusion samples and ranged from 0.2 to 3.6 microg/ml, indicating that
      cefuroxime penetrates well into the middle ear. CONCLUSIONS: Cefuroxime
      is well-absorbed and penetrates well into the middle ear after oral
      administration of cefuroxime axetil suspension.
AD  - Medical Clinic, Reykjavik, Iceland.
SO  - Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997 Oct;16(10):959-962
UI  - 98018793
PM  - 9357761
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lindenthal S
AU  - Schmieder S
AU  - Ehrenfeld J
AU  - Wills NK
TI  - Cloning and functional expression of a ClC Cl- channel from the renal
      cell line A6.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chloride Channels/*PHYSIOLOGY/CHEMISTRY/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Chlorides/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DIDS/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - DNA, Complementary
MH  - Female
MH  - Gluconates/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Iodides/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Kidney/*METABOLISM
MH  - Membrane Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Oocytes/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Organ Specificity
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Rats
MH  - RNA Probes
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Xenopus laevis
RN  - 53005-05-3 (DIDS)
RN  - 526-95-4 (gluconic acid)
RN  - 0 (RNA Probes)
RN  - 0 (Iodides)
RN  - 0 (Gluconates)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Chlorides)
RN  - 0 (Chloride Channels)
SI  - GENBANK/Y09940
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am J Physiol
IS  - 0002-9513
JC  - 3U8
PG  - C1176-C1185
IP  - 4
VI  - 273
AB  - Cl- channels are important for ion transport and cell volume regulation
      in A6 renal cells. In the present study, we used reverse transcriptase
      (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA
      ends (RACE) to identify proteins homologous to ClC Cl- channel proteins
      in A6 cells. Using degenerate primers designed on consensus sequences
      for members of the ClC family, we amplified an RT-PCR product that had
      significant homology to the ClC sequences. RACE-PCR was then used to
      isolate several full-length clones that had total lengths from 2,764 to
      3,016 base pairs. Although the coding regions were identical, sequence
      differences occurred in the 5' noncoding regions. The amino acid
      sequences of the clones had high homologies to rat and human ClC-5 (85
      and 84%, respectively, if the 5th methionine of the open reading frame
      represents the start codon). Three parts of the protein (53, 80, and 63
      amino acids in length) were 97-100% homologous to the mammalian
      sequences. Ribonuclease protection assay analysis revealed mRNA for
      this protein in oocytes, kidney, intestine, liver, brain, and blood,
      with lower amounts in stomach, muscle, and skin. Expression of the
      clones in Xenopus laevis oocytes resulted in an outwardly rectifying Cl-
      current that was inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-
      disulfonic acid and possessed an anion selectivity of I- > Cl- >>
      gluconate.
AD  - Department of Physiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
      77555, USA.
SO  - Am J Physiol 1997 Oct;273(4):C1176-C1185
UI  - 97430934
PM  - 9285033
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Teo SH
AU  - Chan DK
AU  - Yong MH
AU  - Ng IS
AU  - Wong KY
AU  - Knight L
AU  - Ho LY
TI  - Williams syndrome--the Singapore General Hospital experience.
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Child
MH  - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Deletion
MH  - Human
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Williams Syndrome/GENETICS/*DIAGNOSIS
DP  - 1997 May
TA  - Ann Acad Med Singapore
IS  - 0304-4602
JC  - 53F
PG  - 360-364
IP  - 3
VI  - 26
AB  - Williams syndrome first described in 1961 is generally characterised by
      mental deficiency, gregarious personality, unusual "elfin" facies,
      supravalvular aortic stenosis and idiopathic infantile hypercalcaemia.
      Patients with Williams syndrome show a hemizygous submicroscopic
      deletion of 7q11.23 detectable by fluorescent in-situ hybridisation
      (FISH). The deleted portion of the chromosome corresponds to the
      Elastin gene. We report 3 girls with characteristics of Williams
      syndrome in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of the
      hemizygous deletion of 7q11.23 in the karyotype by FISH. These
      patients, aged 6, 7 and 10 years, showed the characteristic facies and
      gregarious personalities. Some developmental delay with mild mental
      deficiency and dysmorphic facies were prominent features in the initial
      presentation. Cardiac lesions found in these patients were small patent
      ductus arteriosus which closed, pulmonary valvular stenosis and mitral
      valve prolapse associated with mitral regurgitation respectively.
      Hypercalcaemia was not documented in these patients. Learning
      difficulty was a major issue and all patients required special
      schooling. Chromosome analyses done on peripheral blood were found to
      be normal in all patients. FISH using the Elastin Williams Syndrome
      Chromosome Region (WSCR) probes (oncor) showed the hemizygous deletion
      of 7q11.23. Diagnosis of Williams syndrome can now be confidently
      confirmed with the help of FISH.
AD  - Department of Paediatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital,
      Singapore.
SO  - Ann Acad Med Singapore 1997 May;26(3):360-364
UI  - 97431604
PM  - 9287109
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hirayama T
AU  - Ishida C
AU  - Kuromori T
AU  - Obata S
AU  - Shimoda C
AU  - Yamamoto M
AU  - Shinozaki K
AU  - Ohto C
TI  - Functional cloning of a cDNA encoding Mei2-like protein from
      Arabidopsis thaliana using a fission yeast pheromone receptor deficient
      mutant.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Arabidopsis/*GENETICS
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blotting, Southern
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chemoreceptors/*METABOLISM
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Fungal/*GENETICS
MH  - Fungal Proteins/*GENETICS
MH  - *Genes, Fungal
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - Meiosis
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Plant Proteins/*GENETICS
MH  - Receptors, Cell Surface/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - RNA-Binding Proteins/*GENETICS
MH  - Schizosaccharomyces/GENETICS
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
RN  - 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (AML1 protein, plant)
RN  - 0 (mei2 protein)
SI  - GENBANK/D86122
DP  - 1997 Aug 11
TA  - FEBS Lett
IS  - 0014-5793
JC  - EUH
PG  - 16-20
IP  - 1
VI  - 413
AB  - To isolate Arabidopsis cDNAs that encode signal transducers and
      components involved in the regulation of meiosis, a trans-
      complementation analysis was performed using a Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe meiosis-defective mutant in which the genes for pheromone
      receptors were disabled. One cDNA obtained in this screening encodes a
      polypeptide, named AML1, that shows significant similarity to S. pombe
      Mei2 protein and has three putative RNA-recognition motifs like as
      Mei2. Mei2 is involved in the regulation of meiosis in fission yeast.
      Northern blot analysis showed that the AML1 gene is expressed in each
      organ. The possible functions of AML1 are discussed.
AD  - Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Tsukuba Life Science Center, The
      Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Ibaraki, Japan.
      takashih@sas.upenn.edu
SO  - FEBS Lett 1997 Aug 11;413(1):16-20
UI  - 97455558
PM  - 9381776
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Weber M
AU  - Wenz W
AU  - van Riel A
AU  - Kaufmann A
AU  - Graf J
TI  - The Holt-Oram syndrome. Review of the literature and current orthopedic
      treatment concepts.
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Chromosome Abnormalities/GENETICS
MH  - Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS
MH  - Ectromelia/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Fingers/TRANSPLANTATION/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*ABNORMALITIES
MH  - Genes, Dominant/GENETICS
MH  - Hand Deformities, Congenital/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*GENETICS
MH  - Heart Defects, Congenital/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*GENETICS
MH  - Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS
MH  - Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/GENETICS
MH  - Human
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Syndrome
MH  - Thumb/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/ABNORMALITIES
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb
IS  - 0044-3220
JC  - XZ4
PG  - 368-375
IP  - 4
VI  - 135
AB  - PROBLEM: The clinical manifestation of the Holt-Oram-syndrome (HOS)
      shows congenital heart-disease and anomalies of the upper limb. The
      inheritance of this syndrome is autosomal dominant. The question arise,
      as to whether a contemporary orthopedic concept of treatment could
      developed based on own experiences and data from the literature.
      METHODS: We revised data from five patients with HOS treated at the
      Clinic for Orthopaedics of the University of Heidelberg. The review of
      the literature revealed a comprehensive and detailed picture of the
      clinical syndrome and, furthermore, information in respect to a
      comparative analysis of methods of treatments. RESULTS: Our patients
      showed characteristic cardiac anomalies, i.e. atrio and ventricular
      septal defects, and persisting Botall's duct (three cases). The types
      of malformation of the upper limb corresponded with those found in the
      literature. Furthermore the indication for amputation of rudimentary or
      hypoplastic fingers in the Heidelberg clinic was in accordance with the
      clinical treatments described worldwide. CONCLUSION: The type of
      treatment of the clubhand in cases with HOS depends on (1) the age and
      (2) the pattern and degree of accompanying malformations of the upper
      limb. For patients with aplasia of the thumb or amputation of a
      rudimental one we recommend pollicisation of the index finger to
      improve its function.
AD  - Orthopadische Universitatsklinik der RWTH Aachen.
SO  - Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb 1997 Jul;135(4):368-375
UI  - 97451177
PM  - 9306153
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Pires V
AU  - Harab RC
AU  - Olej B
AU  - Rumjanek VM
TI  - Ouabain effects on activated lymphocytes: augmentation of CD25
      expression on TPA-stimulated cells and of CD69 on PHA-and TPA-
      stimulated cells.
MH  - Antigens, CD/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Cell Cycle/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Human
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Interleukin-2/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Lymphocyte Transformation/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Lymphocytes/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Ouabain/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Phytohemagglutinins/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Receptors, Interleukin-2/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Thymidine/BLOOD
RN  - 630-60-4 (Ouabain)
RN  - 50-89-5 (Thymidine)
RN  - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Phytohemagglutinins)
RN  - 0 (Leu-23 antigen)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
DP  - 1997 Mar
TA  - Int J Immunopharmacol
IS  - 0192-0561
JC  - GRI
PG  - 143-148
IP  - 3
VI  - 19
AB  - Ouabain (OUA) was capable of inhibiting peripheral blood lymphocyte
      (PBL) proliferation induced by phyothaemagglutinin (PHA) of phorbol
      ester (TPA), as measured by thymidine incorporation or cell cycle
      analysis. In this latter case it was possible to detect a block in the
      progression from G1 to S phase. This inhibition could not be reversed
      by interleukin (IL)-2 and was not due to an effect on CD 25 expression,
      as this molecule was only reduced in PHA cultures treated with OUA.
      Conversely, cultures activated by TPA and OUA showed an increased
      expression of CD25. The activation antigen CD69 was increased in both
      situation, suggesting that despite the absence of proliferative
      response the cells were being activated. The possibility that these
      cells were being deviated to the activation pathway leading to
      apoptosis is now under investigation. This study also suggested that
      CD25 induction may occur via different pathways, and that the selective
      effect of OUA for PHA-activated cells may become a useful tool for the
      understanding of the process.
AD  - Pathology Department, Hospital Antonio Pedro, Fluminense Federal
      University, Niteroi, Brazil.
SO  - Int J Immunopharmacol 1997 Mar;19(3):143-148
UI  - 97479305
PM  - 9337957
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kelly CB
AU  - Cooper SJ
TI  - Plasma noradrenaline response to electroconvulsive therapy in
      depressive illness.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biological Markers/BLOOD
MH  - Depressive Disorder/THERAPY/*BLOOD
MH  - *Electroconvulsive Therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Hydrocortisone/BLOOD
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Norepinephrine/*BLOOD
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine)
RN  - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone)
RN  - 0 (Biological Markers)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Br J Psychiatry
IS  - 0007-1250
JC  - B1K
PG  - 182-186
VI  - 171
AB  - BACKGROUND: Abnormalities of catecholaminergic function have been
      hypothesised to cause depressive illness. Plasma noradrenaline can be
      used as a marker of central noradrenergic activity. It is of interest
      to examine the change in resting plasma noradrenaline in patients with
      depressive illness over a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and
      relate this to their clinical state. METHOD: Patients referred for ECT
      who suffered from DSM-III-R major depressive disorder or dysthymia were
      recruited. Blood samples were taken before and after each treatment,
      during a course of ECT, to measure plasma noradrenaline and cortisol.
      Clinical ratings were carried out weekly during the course of ECT.
      RESULTS: Plasma noradrenaline fell significantly in those patients with
      melancholic/psychotic depressions but increased in those with non-
      melancholic depressive illness. There was a strong trend indicating
      that a fall in plasma noradrenaline was associated with improvement in
      depression ratings in the melancholic/psychotic patients only.
      CONCLUSIONS: Electroconvlusive therapy decreases plasma noradrenaline
      in melancholic/psychotic depressive illness and this shows a trend
      associated with clinical improvement.
AD  - Department of Mental Health, Queen's University of Belfast.
SO  - Br J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;171:182-186
UI  - 98012091
PM  - 9351726
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Barron HV
AU  - Viskin S
AU  - Lundstrom RJ
AU  - Wong CC
AU  - Swain BE
AU  - Truman AF
AU  - Selby JV
TI  - Effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on mortality rate in patients
      not revascularized after myocardial infarction: data from a large HMO.
MH  - Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Aged
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Maintenance Organizations
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Myocardial Infarction/*MORTALITY/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk
MH  - San Francisco
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Antagonists)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am Heart J
IS  - 0002-8703
JC  - 3BW
PG  - 608-613
IP  - 4
VI  - 134
AB  - We investigated whether patients who do not undergo coronary
      angiography and therefore any form of revascularization after a
      myocardial infarction derive greater benefit from chronic beta-blocker
      therapy than patients who undergo coronary angiography. With
      multivariate analyses, treatment with beta-blockers was a much stronger
      predictor of survival in patients who did not undergo coronary
      angiography (relative risk = 0.38, p = 0.005) than in those patients
      who did undergo catheterization (p < 0.05 for interaction). Our
      findings provide direct support for the recommendation by the American
      College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force that beta-
      blocker therapy should be initiated for all infarct survivors who do
      not undergo revascularization and who have no contraindications.
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
      barron@ep4.ucsf.edu
SO  - Am Heart J 1997 Oct;134(4):608-613
UI  - 97448128
PM  - 9302538
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Golding JM
AU  - Cooper ML
AU  - George LK
TI  - Sexual assault history and health perceptions: seven general population
      studies.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - *Attitude to Health
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Abuse, Sexual/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Depression/PSYCHOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Ethnic Groups/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Population Surveillance
MH  - Rape/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA/*PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - United States/EPIDEMIOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Health Psychol
IS  - 0278-6133
JC  - EJL
PG  - 417-425
IP  - 5
VI  - 16
AB  - This article uses data from 7 population surveys to evaluate the
      association of sexual assault history with health perceptions. It
      estimates the extent of generalizability across gender, ethnic groups,
      and studies; the extent to which depression accounts for or mediates
      the association; and whether some circumstances of assault are more
      strongly related to poor subjective health. Data from each of 18
      subsamples of the surveys were analyzed (pooled N = 10,001; 7,550 women
      and 2,451 men), and results were combined by using meta-analysis.
      Assault was associated with poor subjective health (odds ratio [OR] =
      1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.36, 1.95) and this result was
      consistent regardless of gender, ethnicity, or sample. Controlling
      depression did not markedly change this result (OR = 1.46, 95% CI =
      1.21, 1.77), indicating that depression did not account for or mediate
      the assault-health perceptions association. Multiple assaults and
      assaults by strangers or spouse were most strongly associated with poor
      subjective health.
AD  - Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco
      94143-0646, USA.
SO  - Health Psychol 1997 Sep;16(5):417-425
UI  - 97403947
PM  - 9259208
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sonobe T
AU  - Naganuma S
AU  - Yambe T
AU  - Kobayashi SI
AU  - Sizuka K
AU  - Katahira Y
AU  - Nitta K
AU  - Nitta SI
TI  - Development of intracoronary local adhesive delivery technique.
MH  - Absorption
MH  - *Angioplasty, Transluminal, Percutaneous Coronary
MH  - Animal
MH  - Coronary Disease/*THERAPY/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Cyanoacrylates/METABOLISM/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Drug Delivery Systems/*STANDARDS
MH  - Feasibility Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Fibrinolytic Agents/METABOLISM/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Goats
MH  - Male
MH  - Myocardial Revascularization
MH  - Stents
MH  - Tissue Adhesives/*THERAPEUTIC USE/STANDARDS
RN  - 0 (Tissue Adhesives)
RN  - 0 (Fibrinolytic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Cyanoacrylates)
DP  - 1997 Jun
TA  - Int J Artif Organs
IS  - 0391-3988
JC  - GQO
PG  - 319-326
IP  - 6
VI  - 20
AB  - Acute coronary occlusion may occur in weak coronary atherosclerotic
      lesions, including dissection, ulceration or thrombus. In some cases of
      occlusion "bail-out" is performed by using recently developed New
      Devices. However, these have not yet completely solved the problem to
      this end, we designed a new method of coronary revascularization, the
      Intracoronary Local Adhesive Delivery Technique, utilizing
      antithrombotic and absorbable adhesive injected locally into the
      fragile and morbid arterial wall using a drug delivery PTCA catheter
      more flexible than the existing New Devices. This adhesive strengthened
      and hardened the lesions. In this study, we examined the efficacy of
      making an adhesive cylinder in arteries of similar size to the
      coronary, through acute animal experiments using the existing clinical
      adhesives and drug delivery PTCA catheters and 12 femoral arteries of
      adult goats. We were successful in forming firm tunnels along the
      inside of six arteries, infused with approximately 0.04 ml
      Cyanoacrylate. These tunnels were observed with intravascular
      ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and evaluated microscopically. These results
      suggest the feasibility of this method as a new approach for making
      synthetic resinous stents.
AD  - Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Tokoku University,
      Sendai, Japan.
SO  - Int J Artif Organs 1997 Jun;20(6):319-326
UI  - 97467410
PM  - 9325340
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nguyen T
AU  - Sudhof TC
TI  - Binding properties of neuroligin 1 and neurexin 1beta reveal function
      as heterophilic cell adhesion molecules.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Brain/METABOLISM
MH  - Calcium/METABOLISM
MH  - Cations, Divalent/METABOLISM
MH  - Cell Adhesion
MH  - Cell Adhesion Molecules/*METABOLISM
MH  - Drosophila
MH  - Intercellular Junctions/METABOLISM
MH  - Membrane Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/*METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Neurons/METABOLISM
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Folding
MH  - Rats
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transfection
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 156532-80-8 (neurexin Ibeta)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules)
RN  - 0 (Cations, Divalent)
RN  - 0 (neuroligin 1)
DP  - 1997 Oct 10
TA  - J Biol Chem
IS  - 0021-9258
JC  - HIV
PG  - 26032-26039
IP  - 41
VI  - 272
AB  - beta-Neurexins and neuroligins are plasma membrane proteins that are
      displayed on the neuronal cell surface. We have now investigated the
      interaction of neurexin 1beta with neuroligin 1 to evaluate their
      potential to function as heterophilic cell adhesion molecules. Using
      detergent-solubilized neuroligins and secreted neurexin 1beta-IgG
      fusion protein, we observed binding of these proteins to each other
      only in the presence of Ca2+ and in no other divalent cation tested.
      Only neurexin 1beta lacking an insert in splice site 4 bound
      neuroligins, whereas neurexin 1beta containing an insert was inactive.
      Half-maximal binding required 1-3 microM free Ca2+, which probably acts
      by binding to neuroligin 1 but not to neurexin 1beta. To determine if
      neurexin 1beta and neuroligin 1 can also interact with each other when
      present in a native membrane environment on the cell surface, we
      generated transfected cell lines expressing neuroligin 1 and neurexin
      1beta. Upon mixing different cell populations, we found that cells
      aggregate only if cells expressing neurexin 1beta are mixed with cells
      expressing neuroligin 1. Aggregation was dependent on Ca2+ and was
      inhibited by the addition of soluble neurexin 1beta lacking an insert
      in splice site 4 but not by the addition of neurexin 1beta containing
      an insert in splice site 4. We conclude that neurexin 1beta and
      neuroligin 1 (and, by extension, other beta-neurexins and neuroligins)
      function as heterophilic cell adhesion molecules in a Ca2+-dependent
      reaction that is regulated by alternative splicing of beta-neurexins.
AD  - Department of Molecular Genetics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute,
      University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235,
      USA.
SO  - J Biol Chem 1997 Oct 10;272(41):26032-26039
UI  - 98017793
PM  - 9378512
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nair P
AU  - Nair RR
TI  - Selective use of calcium chelators enhances the yield of calcium-
      tolerant myocytes from adult heart.
MH  - Animal
MH  - *Calcium
MH  - Chelating Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Heart/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Male
MH  - Myocardium/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 0 (Chelating Agents)
DP  - 1997 May
TA  - Indian J Exp Biol
IS  - 0019-5189
JC  - GIZ
PG  - 451-456
IP  - 5
VI  - 35
AB  - Isolation of viable and functional cells from adult heart remains an
      intriguing problem for investigators who choose to use the
      cardiomyocyte model for experimental studies. With a few modifications
      of the existing procedures we have been able to improve the yield of
      ventricular myocardial cells from the adult rat heart. Sarcolemmal
      damage leading to hypercontracture due to Ca2+ loading appears to be
      the major hindrance to the successful isolation of sufficient number of
      viable cells. The two crucial steps are found to be the pre-enzymatic
      perfusion for Ca(2+)-depletion and the final step of Ca(2+)-repletion
      in extracellular medium for the isolation of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes.
      Inclusion of EGTA and taurine during the initial perfusion of Ca(2+)-
      free medium and of trypsin during reintroduction of Ca2+ led to a
      considerable increase in the yield of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes. The
      contraction amplitude and speed of shortening and relaxation of
      isolated cells were measured using an edge detection device. Selective
      use of calcium ion chelators appears to have a beneficial effect on the
      isolation of Ca(2+)-tolerant myocytes.
AD  - Division of Cellular & Molecular Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal
      Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Trivandrum, India.
SO  - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 May;35(5):451-456
UI  - 97445415
PM  - 9300300
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mitcheson JS
AU  - Hancox JC
AU  - Levi AJ
TI  - Cultured adult rabbit myocytes: effect of adding supplements to the
      medium, and response to isoprenaline.
MH  - Adrenergic beta-Agonists/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Calcium Channels/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Culture Media, Serum-Free/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Heart/PHYSIOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Heart Ventricle/DRUG EFFECTS/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Isoproterenol/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Membrane Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Myocardium/*CYTOLOGY
MH  - Patch-Clamp Techniques
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 7683-59-2 (Isoproterenol)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media, Serum-Free)
RN  - 0 (Calcium Channels)
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic beta-Agonists)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol
IS  - 1045-3873
JC  - BY4
PG  - 1020-1030
IP  - 9
VI  - 8
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The aims of this study were to investigate: (1) the
      effect of supplementing the culture medium on preservation of L-type
      calcium channel current (1Ca,L) in adult rabbit ventricular myocytes
      cultured for 4 days; and (2) preservation of the ICa,L response in
      cultured myocytes to the beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline. METHODS
      AND RESULTS: Adult rabbit myocytes were cultured on laminin-pretreated
      glass coverslips. The basic, serum-free culture medium was supplemented
      with 2 mM L-carnitine, 5 mM creatine, and 5 mM taurine. Myocytes were
      whole cell patch-clamped, and the L-type Ca channel current was
      recorded selectively as Ba flux (IBa,L) via the channels. IBa,L density
      (i.e., IBa,L amplitude normalized to membrane capacitance) in myocytes
      maintained in supplemented medium did not change significantly during
      culture (P > 0.1). By comparison, IBa,L density in myocytes cultured in
      nonsupplemented medium declined by 36% after 24 hours in culture (day
      1) and then recovered by the fourth day (day 4). There was no
      significant difference in the response to isoprenaline of acutely
      isolated myocytes and 4-day cultured myocytes. Isoprenaline 100 nM
      increased peak IBa,L by 149% +/- 32% (mean +/- SEM) in acutely isolated
      myocytes (n = 4 cells), and by 224% +/- 60% (n = 6 cells) and 159% +/-
      24% (n = 8 cells) in day 1 and 4 cultured myocytes, respectively.
      CONCLUSIONS: Supplemented medium improved IBa,L density in cultured
      myocytes. beta-Adrenergic receptors and intracellular messenger
      pathways appear to remain intact in adult rabbit myocytes cultured for
      up to 4 days.
AD  - Department of Physiology, University of Bristol, School of Medical
      Sciences, United Kingdom. john.s.mitcheson@bristol.ac.uk
SO  - J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1997 Sep;8(9):1020-1030
UI  - 97471010
PM  - 9326653
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Megonigal MD
AU  - Rappaport EF
AU  - Jones DH
AU  - Kim CS
AU  - Nowell PC
AU  - Lange BJ
AU  - Felix CA
TI  - Panhandle PCR strategy to amplify MLL genomic breakpoints in treatment-
      related leukemias.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Bone Marrow/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Child
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
MH  - *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
MH  - DNA Primers
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*GENETICS
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Fusion
MH  - Gene Rearrangement
MH  - Human
MH  - Introns
MH  - Leukemia/PATHOLOGY/*GENETICS/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Neoplasms/*THERAPY
MH  - Neoplasms, Second Primary/PATHOLOGY/*GENETICS/*ETIOLOGY
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*METHODS
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - *Translocation (Genetics)
MH  - Zinc Fingers
RN  - 149025-06-9 (HRX protein)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
SI  - GENBANK/AF024543
SI  - GENBANK/AF024542
SI  - GENBANK/AF024541
SI  - GENBANK/AF024540
DP  - 1997 Oct 14
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
IS  - 0027-8424
JC  - PV3
PG  - 11583-11588
IP  - 21
VI  - 94
AB  - Panhandle PCR amplifies genomic DNA with known 5' and unknown 3'
      sequences from a template with an intrastrand loop schematically shaped
      like a pan with a handle. We used panhandle PCR to clone MLL genomic
      breakpoints in two pediatric treatment-related leukemias. The karyotype
      in a case of treatment-related acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed the
      t(4;11)(q21;q23). Panhandle PCR amplified the translocation breakpoint
      at position 2158 in intron 6 in the 5' MLL breakpoint cluster region
      (bcr). The karyotype in a case of treatment-related acute myeloid
      leukemia was normal, but Southern blot analysis showed a single MLL
      gene rearrangement. Panhandle PCR amplified the breakpoint at position
      1493 in MLL intron 6. Screening of somatic cell hybrid and radiation
      hybrid DNAs by PCR and reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis of the
      leukemic cells indicated that panhandle PCR identified a fusion of MLL
      intron 6 with a previously uncharacterized sequence in MLL intron 1,
      consistent with a partial duplication. In both cases, the breakpoints
      in the MLL bcr were in Alu repeats, and there were Alu repeats in
      proximity to the breakpoints in the partner DNAs, suggesting that Alu
      sequences were relevant to these rearrangements. This study shows that
      panhandle PCR is an effective method for cloning MLL genomic
      breakpoints in treatment-related leukemias. Analysis of additional
      pediatric cases will determine whether breakpoint distribution deviates
      from the predilection for 3' distribution in the bcr that has been
      found in adult cases.
AD  - Division of Oncology, Jr. Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics,
      Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA.
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 Oct 14;94(21):11583-11588
UI  - 97464050
PM  - 9322741
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Valle EM
AU  - Gonzalez DH
AU  - Gago G
AU  - Chan RL
TI  - Isolation and expression pattern of hahr1, a homeobox-containing cDNA
      from Helianthus annuus.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Complementary
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Helianthus/*GENETICS/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
MH  - Homeodomain Proteins/*METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plant Proteins/METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Plant Roots/GENETICS/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
MH  - Plant Stems/GENETICS
MH  - RNA, Messenger
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (HAHR1 protein)
RN  - 0 (Homeodomain Proteins)
RN  - 0 (GLABRA2 protein)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
DP  - 1997 Sep 1
TA  - Gene
IS  - 0378-1119
JC  - FOP
PG  - 61-68
IP  - 1-2
VI  - 196
AB  - A 2.5 kb homeobox (HB)-containing cDNA (hahr1) was isolated from a
      library prepared from rootlets of Helianthus annuus using a polymerase
      chain reaction (PCR)-based strategy. The putative protein product (77
      kDa) contains the homeodomain (HD) and an acidic domain at the N-
      terminal region (residues 72-155). The deduced amino acid sequence of
      hahr1 shares a 53% sequence identity with GLABRA2, a HD protein
      associated with epidermal cell differentiation. Hahr1 expression was
      primarily found in dry seeds, hypocotyls and roots at stages associated
      with early developmental events. Expression was completely lacking in
      leaves and flowers. Evidence for the existence of one related gene
      expressed in sunflower stems was obtained by the presence of
      restriction fragment length polymorphism of amplified cDNA products.
AD  - Programa Multidisciplinario de Biologia Experimental (PROMUBIE),
      Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, UNR, Rosario,
      Argentina.
SO  - Gene 1997 Sep 1;196(1-2):61-68
UI  - 98025575
PM  - 9376223
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Mullaney I
AU  - Carr IC
AU  - Burt AR
AU  - Wilson M
AU  - Anderson NG
AU  - Milligan G
TI  - Agonist-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of isoforms of the shc
      adapter protein by the delta opioid receptor.
MH  - p42(Mapk) Kinase/METABOLISM
MH  - Animal
MH  - Clone Cells/ENZYMOLOGY/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM
MH  - Fibroblasts/ENZYMOLOGY/CYTOLOGY/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Gene Expression/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Isomerism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Pertussis Toxins/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Proteins/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Receptors, Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone/GENETICS/AGONISTS
MH  - Receptors, Opioid, delta/GENETICS/*AGONISTS
MH  - Signal Transduction/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Tyrosine/*METABOLISM
RN  - 70323-44-3 (Pertussis Toxins)
RN  - 63631-40-3 (Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine)
RN  - 62229-50-9 (Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone)
RN  - 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine)
RN  - 0 (52-kDa Shc protein)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Opioid, delta)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Epidermal Growth Factor-Urogastrone)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.10.- (p42(Mapk) Kinase)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Cell Signal
IS  - 0898-6568
JC  - AVB
PG  - 423-429
IP  - 6
VI  - 9
AB  - Maximally effective concentrations of the opioid agonist D-ala2-D-leu5-
      enkephalin resulted in some 2-3-fold enhancement of tyrosine
      phosphorylation of the p52 Shc adapter protein in a clone of Rat-1
      fibroblasts transfected to express stably the murine delta opioid
      receptor. More limited modifications of the tyrosine phosphorylation
      status of the p46 and p66 forms of Shc were observed in parallel.
      Epidermal growth factor caused some 10-12-fold enhancement of tyrosine
      phosphorylation of p52 Shc and marked increases in the p46 and p66
      forms. The effect of D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin was prevented by
      pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin and was not observed in
      non-transfected parental fibroblasts whereas the effect of epidermal
      growth factor was still manifest in both these situations. Half-maximal
      effects of D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin on p52 Shc tyrosine phosphorylation
      were produced with sub-nanomolar concentrations, in agreement with
      previous results on the tyrosine phosphorylation of p44MAPK (Burt et
      al., 1996). p52 Shc became tyrosine phosphorylated more rapidly than
      p44MAPK in response to D-ala2-D-leu5-enkephalin and its enhanced
      tyrosine phosphorylation was maintained for at least 10 min.
AD  - Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Glasgow,
      Scotland, U.K.
SO  - Cell Signal 1997 Sep;9(6):423-429
UI  - 98012894
PM  - 9352845
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Quirk DM
AU  - Barry MJ
AU  - Aserkoff B
AU  - Podolsky DK
TI  - Physician specialty and variations in the cost of treating patients
      with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Female
MH  - *Gastroenterology
MH  - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*THERAPY
MH  - *Health Care Costs
MH  - Human
MH  - Length of Stay
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - *Specialties, Medical
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Gastroenterology
IS  - 0016-5085
JC  - FH3
PG  - 1443-1448
IP  - 5
VI  - 113
AB  - BACKGROUND & AIMS: Upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding is a frequent
      cause of hospitalization. The goal of this study was to assess whether
      the cost of treating patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
      varies among surgeons, internists, and gastroenterologists. METHODS: A
      retrospective study of 124 patients admitted with acute upper
      gastrointestinal hemorrhage was performed. Patients were stratified
      into three groups based on a validated risk score; length of stay and
      hospital costs were compared among patients primarily cared for by
      internists, surgeons, and gastroenterologists. RESULTS: The median
      length of stay (2 days) for patients admitted to the gastroenterology
      service was significantly shorter than for patients admitted under the
      care of other physicians (P < 0.05). The median hospitalization cost
      ($2856) for patients admitted to the gastroenterology service was
      significantly lower than for patients admitted to the other services (P
      < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the time to endoscopy
      among services. CONCLUSIONS: Patients admitted to an urban teaching
      hospital directly under the care of a gastroenterologist had shorter
      hospital stays that were significantly less costly than patients under
      the primary care of internists or surgeons. The difference in length of
      stay reflects the time interval between endoscopy and discharge.
AD  - Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Medicine, Harvard
      Medical School, Boston 02114, USA.
SO  - Gastroenterology 1997 Nov;113(5):1443-1448
UI  - 97460020
PM  - 9312208
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Romero JR
AU  - Fabry ME
AU  - Suzuka S
AU  - Nagel RL
AU  - Canessa M
TI  - Red blood cells of a transgenic mouse expressing high levels of human
      hemoglobin S exhibit deoxy-stimulated cation flux.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anemia, Sickle Cell/*BLOOD
MH  - Animal
MH  - Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/BLOOD
MH  - Calcimycin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Charybdotoxin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Erythrocytes/*METABOLISM
MH  - Hemoglobin, Sickle/*METABOLISM
MH  - Human
MH  - Ionophores/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Potassium/*BLOOD
MH  - Potassium Channels/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Sodium/*BLOOD
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 7440-23-5 (Sodium)
RN  - 7440-09-7 (Potassium)
RN  - 52665-69-7 (Calcimycin)
RN  - 115422-61-2 (Charybdotoxin)
RN  - 0 (Potassium Channels)
RN  - 0 (Ionophores)
RN  - 0 (Hemoglobin, Sickle)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.38 (Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase)
DP  - 1997 Oct 1
TA  - J Membr Biol
IS  - 0022-2631
JC  - J4E
PG  - 187-196
IP  - 3
VI  - 159
AB  - Deoxy-stimulated cation fluxes have been implicated in the generation
      of the dense and irreversibly sickled red blood cells (RBCs) in
      patients homozygous for hemoglobin S (SS). We now report on the effect
      of short term deoxygenation on K+ and Na+ transport in RBCs from
      control mice (C57Bl/6J) and a transgenic (alphaHbetaS[betaMDD]) mouse
      line that expresses high levels of human alphaH and betaS-chains and
      has a small percent dense cells but does not exhibit anemia. In
      transgenic mouse RBCs (n = 5) under oxygenated conditions, K+ efflux
      was 0.22 +/- 0.01 mmol/L cell x min and Na+ influx was 0.17 +/- 0.02
      mmol/L cell x min. Both fluxes were stimulated by 10 min deoxygenation
      in transgenic but not in control mice. The deoxy-stimulated K+ efflux
      from transgenic mouse RBCs was about 55% inhibited by 5 nm
      charybdotoxin (CTX), a blocker of the calcium activated K+-channel. To
      compare the fluxes between human and mouse RBCs, we measured the area
      of mouse RBCs and normalized values to area per liter of cells. The
      deoxy-simulated CTX-sensitive K+ efflux was larger than the CTX-
      sensitive K+ efflux observed in RBCs from SS patients. These results
      suggest that in transgenic mice, deoxygenation increases cytosolic Ca2+
      to levels which open Ca2+-activated K+ channels. The presence of these
      channels was confirmed in both control and transgenic mice by clamping
      intracellular Ca2+ at 10 microM with the ionophore A23187 and measuring
      Ca2+-activated K+ efflux. Both types of mouse had similar maximal rates
      of CTX-sensitive, Ca2+-activated K+ efflux that were similar to those
      in human SS cells. The capacity of the mouse red cell membrane to
      regulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels was examined by measurements of the
      maximal rate of calmodulin activated Ca2+-ATPase activity. This
      activity was 3-fold greater than that observed in human RBCs thus
      indicating that mouse RBC membranes have more capacity to regulate
      cytosolic Ca2+ levels.In summary, transgenic mouse RBCs exhibit larger
      values of deoxy-stimulated K+ efflux and Na+ influx when compared to
      human SS cells. They have a similar Ca2+-activated K+ channel activity
      to human SS cells while expressing a very high Ca2+ pump activity.
      These properties may contribute to the smaller percent of very dense
      cells and to the lack of adult anemia in this animal model.
AD  - Endocrine-Hypertension Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
      Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue,
      Boston, MA 02115, USA.
SO  - J Membr Biol 1997 Oct 1;159(3):187-196
UI  - 97443298
PM  - 9298159
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nicole S
AU  - Del Miglio C
TI  - Abstraction skillfulness in monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - *Cognition
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Intelligence Tests
MH  - Male
MH  - Twins, Dizygotic/*PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Twins, Monozygotic/*PSYCHOLOGY
DP  - 1997
TA  - Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)
IS  - 0001-5660
JC  - 0P6
PG  - 57-67
IP  - 1
VI  - 46
AB  - The computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was
      administered to a sample of 96 subjects (Ss), constituted in equal
      parts by monozygotic twins (MZ), dizygotic twins (DZ), unique children
      and couples of "almost contemporary" brothers. The statistic tests
      (Analysis of principal components, ANOVA) underline, as far as the
      rapidity to define a category is concerned, a statistically significant
      difference between DZ and singletons, independently from the fact that
      the latter may be unique children. A significant difference emerged
      neither between MZ and singletons, nor between MZ and DZ.
AD  - Dipartimento di Psicologia, Universita di Roma La Sapienza.
SO  - Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1997 ;46(1):57-67
UI  - 97479437
PM  - 9338089
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ardevol A
AU  - Adan C
AU  - Fernandez-Lopez JA
AU  - Perez J
AU  - Corts JL
AU  - Binagui D
AU  - Remesar X
AU  - Alemany M
TI  - Treadmill chamber for studies of respiratory gas exchange in the rat
      during exercise.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Carbon Dioxide/ANALYSIS
MH  - Exercise Test/METHODS/*INSTRUMENTATION
MH  - Oxygen/ANALYSIS
MH  - Oxygen Consumption
MH  - Pressure
MH  - *Pulmonary Gas Exchange
MH  - Rats
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Water/ANALYSIS
RN  - 7782-44-7 (Oxygen)
RN  - 7732-18-5 (Water)
RN  - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide)
DP  - 1995 May
TA  - Arch Physiol Biochem
IS  - 1381-3455
JC  - CAX
PG  - 175-186
IP  - 2
VI  - 103
AB  - A treadmill for studying gas exchange in small mammals during exercise
      is presented. The system consists of a motor-driven running mat
      enclosed in a gastight chamber that receives a measured flow of air
      from a compressed air cylinder. The gas flow and temperature, pressure
      and instantaneous gas composition of the chamber (oxygen, carbon
      dioxide and water) are measured continuously and the data are computed
      to include the effects on chamber atmosphere of the rat activity,
      either running or at rest. The system is completed with a shock
      delivery grid that stimulates the rat to run. The calculations are
      based on the changes in the composition of the gas in the chamber
      (constantly stirred by a small electric fan) induced by the rat instead
      of relying on the alterations induced in the outflowing gas. The
      consumption of oxygen, and production of carbon dioxide and water by
      the rat are computed in real time, giving a very fast response to
      physiological change induced by exercise. The chamber is custom-made
      from an aluminium block and a plexiglass lid; all other components are
      available commercially. The system, as described, allows for a detailed
      analysis of respiratory gas (and water) exchange by rats under varying
      exercise conditions, there is practically no time lag between changes
      in respiratory gases and the detection of these changes, and the
      buffering effect of the chamber size is practically eliminated because
      of the calculation approach used.
AD  - Departament de Bioquimica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Biologia,
      Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
SO  - Arch Physiol Biochem 1995 May;103(2):175-186
UI  - 97475418
PM  - 9334930
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Bowen MD
AU  - Gelbmann W
AU  - Ksiazek TG
AU  - Nichol ST
AU  - Nowotny N
TI  - Puumala virus and two genetic variants of Tula virus are present in
      Austrian rodents.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/BLOOD
MH  - Antigens, Viral/ANALYSIS
MH  - Austria
MH  - Disease Reservoirs
MH  - Hantavirus/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Lung/VIROLOGY
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Muridae/*VIROLOGY
MH  - *Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Viral/ANALYSIS
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SI  - GENBANK/U95303
SI  - GENBANK/U95302
SI  - GENBANK/U95312
SI  - GENBANK/U95304
SI  - GENBANK/U95313
SI  - GENBANK/U95312
SI  - GENBANK/U95311
SI  - GENBANK/U95310
SI  - GENBANK/U95305
SI  - GENBANK/U95307
SI  - GENBANK/U95306
SI  - GENBANK/U95308
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Med Virol
IS  - 0146-6615
JC  - I9N
PG  - 174-181
IP  - 2
VI  - 53
AB  - Puumala and Tula viruses are hantaviruses found in Europe and are
      associated with the rodents Clethrionomys glareolus and Microtus
      arvalis, respectively. Puumala virus is associated with the human
      disease nephropathia epidemica. In Austria, ten clinically diagnosed
      cases of nephropathia epidemica, presumably caused by Puumala virus
      infection, have been reported but not virologically confirmed
      [Leschinskaya et al., 1991; Aberle et al., 1996]. To identify the
      hantaviruses that are present in Austria, five species of rodents were
      trapped and screened for virus antibodies, antigen, and RNA.
      Hantaviruses were detected in two species, Cl. glareolus and M.
      arvalis, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
      RT-PCR products from Cl. glareolus tissues yielded a unique Puumala
      virus sequence distinct from Puumala virus sequences reported from
      other parts of Europe. RT-PCR products from M. arvalis tissues yielded
      two genetically distinct Tula virus sequences, one similar to sequences
      reported from Slovakia and the Czech Republic and another that appears
      to be a novel genetic variant of Tula virus. This is the first
      confirmed report of hantaviruses in Austria.
AD  - Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for
      Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.
      Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
      MKB6@CDC.GOV
SO  - J Med Virol 1997 Oct;53(2):174-181
UI  - 98000279
PM  - 9342232
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Penrose JF
AU  - Baldasaro MH
AU  - Webster M
AU  - Xu K
AU  - Austen KF
AU  - Lam BK
TI  - Molecular cloning of the gene for mouse leukotriene-C4 synthase.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Exons/GENETICS
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/*GENETICS/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Human
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Introns/GENETICS
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microsomes/ENZYMOLOGY
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
RN  - EC 2.5.1.37 (leukotriene-C4 synthase)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
DP  - 1997 Sep 15
TA  - Eur J Biochem
IS  - 0014-2956
JC  - EMZ
PG  - 807-813
IP  - 3
VI  - 248
AB  - Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) synthase (LTC4S), an integral membrane protein,
      catalyzes the conjugation of leukotriene A4 with reduced glutathione to
      form LTC4, the biosynthetic parent of the additional cysteinyl
      leukotriene metabolites. An XmnI-digested fragment of a P1 clone from a
      129 mouse ES library contained the full-length gene of 2.01 kb for
      mouse LTC4S. The mouse LTC4S gene is comprised of 5 exons of 122, 100,
      71, 82 and 241 nucleotides, with intron sizes that range from 76
      nucleotides to 937 nucleotides. The intron/exon boundaries are
      identical to those of the human genes for LTC4S and 5-lipoxygenase-
      activating protein (FLAP). Primer extension demonstrated a single
      transcription-initiation site 64 bp 5' of the ATG translation-start
      site. Nucleotide sequencing of 1.2 kb of the 5' flanking region
      revealed multiple putative sites for activating protein-2,
      CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, and polyoma virus enhancer-3.
      Fluorescent in situ hybridization mapped the mouse LTC4S gene to mouse
      chromosome 11, in a region containing the genes for interleukin 13 and
      granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor, and orthologous to
      the chromosomal location of 5q35 for the human LTC4S gene. Thus, the
      mouse LTC4S gene is similar in size, intron/exon organization and
      chromosomal localization to the human LTC4S gene. Recent mutagenic
      analysis of the conjugation function of human LTC4S has identified R51
      and Y93 as critical for acid and base catalysis of LTA4 and reduced
      glutathione, respectively. A comparison across species for proteins
      that possess LTC4S activity reveals conservation of both of these
      residues, whereas R51 is absent in the FLAP molecules. Thus, within the
      glutathione S-transferase superfamily of genes, alignment of specific
      residues allows the separation of LTC4S family members from their most
      structurally similar counterparts, the FLAP molecules.
AD  - Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's
      Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jpenrose@warren.med.harvard.edu
SO  - Eur J Biochem 1997 Sep 15;248(3):807-813
UI  - 98018886
PM  - 9357854
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Janssen YM
AU  - Matalon S
AU  - Mossman BT
TI  - Differential induction of c-fos, c-jun, and apoptosis in lung
      epithelial cells exposed to ROS or RNS.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Apoptosis/PHYSIOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Epithelial Cells/PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Genes, fos/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Genes, jun/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Lung
MH  - Molsidomine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Nitrates/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Nitric Oxide/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Penicillamine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Rats
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species
MH  - RNA, Messenger/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Spermine/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/DRUG EFFECTS
RN  - 79032-48-7 (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine)
RN  - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - 71-44-3 (Spermine)
RN  - 52-67-5 (Penicillamine)
RN  - 33876-97-0 (CV 664)
RN  - 26404-66-0 (peroxynitric acid)
RN  - 25717-80-0 (Molsidomine)
RN  - 10102-43-9 (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos)
RN  - 0 (Nitrates)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am J Physiol
IS  - 0002-9513
JC  - 3U8
PG  - L789-L796
IP  - 4
VI  - 273
AB  - Reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species can affect epithelial
      cells to cause acute damage and an array of pulmonary diseases. The
      goal of this study was to determine patterns of early response gene
      expression and functional end points of exposure to nitric oxide (NO.),
      H2O2, or peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in a line of rat lung epithelial (RLE)
      cells. Our focus was on c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes, as these genes
      play an important role in proliferation or apoptosis, possible end
      points of exposure to reactive metabolites in lung. Our data
      demonstrate that NO. generated by spermine 1,3-propanediamine N-14-[1-
      (3-aminopropyl)-2-hydroxy-2-nitrosohydrazino]-butyl] or S-nitroso-N-
      acetylpenicillamine as well as H2O2 cause increased c-fos and c-jun
      mRNA levels, nuclear proteins, and complexes binding the activator
      protein-1 recognition sequence in RLE cells. These agents also lead to
      apoptosis and increased membrane permeability. In contrast, exogenously
      administered ONOO- or 3-morpholinosydnonimine do not induce
      protooncogenes or apoptosis in RLE cells despite nitration oftyrosines.
      We conclude that ROS and RNS can elicit distinct molecular and
      phenotypic responses in a target cell of pulmonary disease.
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA.
SO  - Am J Physiol 1997 Oct;273(4):L789-L796
UI  - 97461127
PM  - 9315494
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Meinhardt W
AU  - Schmitz PI
AU  - Kropman RF
AU  - de la Fuente RB
AU  - Lycklama a Nijeholt AA
AU  - Zwartendijk J
TI  - Trazodone, a double blind trial for treatment of erectile dysfunction.
MH  - Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Human
MH  - Impotence/PSYCHOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Male
MH  - Placebos
MH  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Trazodone/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RN  - 19794-93-5 (Trazodone)
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Placebos)
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Int J Impot Res
IS  - 0955-9930
JC  - BUX
PG  - 163-165
IP  - 3
VI  - 9
AB  - OBJECTIVE: to assess the effectiveness of oral trazodone 150 mg/d for
      treatment of erectile dysfunction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A double-
      blind, placebo controlled, multicentre trial. A run-in period of two
      weeks was followed by four weeks of medication. Evaluation was done by
      patients diary, a questionnaire and Rigiscan nightly penile tumescence
      and rigidity (NPTR) measurements in the second and sixth week of the
      trial. RESULTS: 69 patients were randomised, two patients never
      returned for follow-up, nine patients stopped the medication due to
      side-effects, so 58 patients are evaluable for effect assessment. Half
      of the patients suffered psychogenic impotence. There was no
      significant difference in the subjective results of trazodone compared
      to placebo. Side effects occurred more often with the use of trazodone,
      but this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In a group of
      patients, that was not selected on the basis of the etiology of the
      erectile dysfunction, nor selected on the duration of the complaint,
      the efficacy of trazodone 150 mg/d, could not be shown.
AD  - Department of Urology, Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van
      Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
SO  - Int J Impot Res 1997 Sep;9(3):163-165
UI  - 97463445
PM  - 9322229
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Scourfield J
AU  - McGuffin P
TI  - Imprinted X-linked genes, 'feminine intuition' and the public
      (mis)understanding of science.
MH  - Human
MH  - Intuition/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Linkage (Genetics)/*GENETICS
MH  - Science
MH  - *Social Behavior
MH  - X Chromosome/*GENETICS
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Mol Psychiatry
IS  - 1359-4184
JC  - CUM
PG  - 385-386
IP  - 5
VI  - 2
AB  - The report of an imprinted locus on the X chromosome influencing social
      behaviour was taken up with fervour by the media and reported in a way
      which neglected the reality of multifactorial complexity and the
      interplay between genetic and environmental contributors to gender
      differences. We summarize the background scientific details of the
      study and discuss the media reporting of those findings.
AD  - Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of
      Medicine, Cardiff, UK. ScourfieldJ@cardiff.ac.uk
SO  - Mol Psychiatry 1997 Sep;2(5):385-386
UI  - 97383171
PM  - 9237795
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Bockova J
AU  - Elias D
AU  - Cohen IR
TI  - Treatment of NOD diabetes with a novel peptide of the hsp60 molecule
      induces Th2-type antibodies.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal
MH  - Antibody Specificity
MH  - Autoimmunity
MH  - Chaperonin 60/*THERAPEUTIC USE/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent/*THERAPY/PREVENTION &
      CONTROL/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - IgG/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Lymphocyte Transformation
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred NOD
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Peptide Fragments/*THERAPEUTIC USE/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Peptide Mapping
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Th2 Cells/*IMMUNOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (IgG)
RN  - 0 (Chaperonin 60)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - J Autoimmun
IS  - 0896-8411
JC  - ADL
PG  - 323-329
IP  - 4
VI  - 10
AB  - A peptide from the sequence of hsp60 molecule, designated p277, has
      been shown to be functionally involved in modulating the development of
      auto-immune diabetes in the NOD mouse: administration of p277 to NOD
      mice can arrest the diabetogenic autoimmune process, even when far
      advanced. Is p277 the only hsp60 peptide able to modulate the disease?
      We mapped T cell responses to peptides spanning the mouse hsp60
      molecule and identified an immunogenic peptide, designated p12, that is
      also functional in arresting NOD diabetes. Although no spontaneous T
      cell reactivity to p12 could be detected in NOD mice, subcutaneous
      administration of 100 &mgr;g of p12 in mineral oil to 10-week-old
      female NOD mice, similar to treatment with p277, significantly
      prevented progression of the disease. Administration of other
      immunogenic peptides was not effective. A peptide from the glutamic
      acid decarboxylase (GAD65) sequence, GADp35, and a peptide from the
      myco-bacterial hsp60 molecule did not influence the development of
      diabetes. The effectiveness of hsp60 peptides p12 and p277 was
      associated with the induction of antibodies to the peptides of the IgG1
      and IgG2b isotypes, antibodies which appear to be regulated by anti-
      inflammatory cytokines. There was a negative correlation between the
      amounts of antibodies induced by the hsp60 peptides and the level of
      blood glucose. Thus, more than one peptide of the hsp60 molecule can be
      used to inhibit the development of NOD diabetes, and the effect of
      peptide therapy appears to be associated with the induction of specific
      antibody isotypes.
AD  - Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot,
      76100, Israel.
SO  - J Autoimmun 1997 Aug;10(4):323-329
UI  - 98014418
PM  - 9354327
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Rao A
AU  - Craig AM
TI  - Activity regulates the synaptic localization of the NMDA receptor in
      hippocampal neurons.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Embryo
MH  - Hippocampus/*PHYSIOLOGY/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Neurons/*PHYSIOLOGY/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Receptors, AMPA/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*BIOSYNTHESIS/ANALYSIS/ANTAGONISTS &
      INHIBITORS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Synapses/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Synaptophysin/BIOSYNTHESIS/ANALYSIS
MH  - Tetrodotoxin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Up-Regulation (Physiology)/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate/PHARMACOLOGY
RN  - 76726-92-6 (2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate)
RN  - 4368-28-9 (Tetrodotoxin)
RN  - 0 (Synaptophysin)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, AMPA)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (GluR1 protein)
RN  - 0 (postsynaptic density protein)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Neuron
IS  - 0896-6273
JC  - AN8
PG  - 801-812
IP  - 4
VI  - 19
AB  - We describe here a novel effect of activity on the subcellular
      distribution of NMDA receptors in hippocampal neurons in culture. In
      spontaneously active neurons, NMDA receptors were clustered at a few
      synaptic and nonsynaptic sites. Chronic blockade of NMDA receptor
      activity induced a 380% increase in the number of NMDA receptor
      clusters and a shift to a more synaptic distribution. This effect was
      reversible. The distributions of the presynaptic marker synaptophysin,
      the AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit GluR1, and the putative NMDA
      receptor clustering protein PSD-95 were not affected by blockade.
      Regulation of the synaptic localization of NMDA receptors by activity
      may define a novel mechanism by which input controls a neuron's ability
      to modify its synapses.
AD  - Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois,
      Urbana 61801, USA.
SO  - Neuron 1997 Oct;19(4):801-812
UI  - 97442606
PM  - 9297573
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Fitzsimons C
AU  - Molinari B
AU  - Duran H
AU  - Palmieri M
AU  - Davio C
AU  - Cricco G
AU  - Bergoc R
AU  - Rivera E
TI  - Atypical association of H1 and H2 histamine receptors with signal
      transduction pathways during multistage mouse skin carcinogenesis.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Cell Count
MH  - Cimetidine/METABOLISM/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Cyclic AMP/METABOLISM
MH  - Female
MH  - Histamine H1 Antagonists/METABOLISM
MH  - Histamine H2 Antagonists/METABOLISM
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Mast Cells/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Mice
MH  - Phosphatidylinositols/METABOLISM
MH  - Pyrilamine/METABOLISM
MH  - Receptors, Histamine H1/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Receptors, Histamine H2/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Second Messenger Systems
MH  - Signal Transduction/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Skin Neoplasms/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/PATHOLOGY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
MH  - 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
RN  - 91-84-9 (Pyrilamine)
RN  - 69014-14-8 (tiotidine)
RN  - 60-92-4 (Cyclic AMP)
RN  - 57-97-6 (9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene)
RN  - 51481-61-9 (Cimetidine)
RN  - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Histamine H2)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Histamine H1)
RN  - 0 (Phosphatidylinositols)
RN  - 0 (Histamine H2 Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Histamine H1 Antagonists)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Inflamm Res
IS  - 1023-3830
JC  - B8U
PG  - 292-298
IP  - 8
VI  - 46
AB  - OBJECTIVE: In the present work we studied the association of histamine
      receptors with second messengers during multistage carcinogenesis in
      Sencar mice skin. METHODS: 96 Sencar female mouse, divided into six
      groups were used. Tumors appeared only in the 7, 12-
      dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-
      acetate-promoted group. Control groups received only TPA, or acetone or
      no treatment at all. Periodically during the promotion period, cAMP and
      inositol phosphate production were measured after stimulation with H1
      or H2 agonists in samples from all groups. RESULTS: In non-treated
      skin, H1 receptors were coupled to phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and
      H2 receptors mediated cAMP production. Conversely, in tumors H2
      receptors were associated with phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and H1
      mediated a rise in cAMP levels. The skin among tumors and the skin from
      all control groups maintained the same coupling as non-treated skin. An
      increase in mast cell number, with a homogeneous subepithelial
      distribution and marked phenotypic changes, was also observed in
      promoted skin. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate an atypical
      association of histamine receptors with second messengers that could be
      a critical feature for the postulated action of histamine in tumor
      growth.
AD  - Laboratorio de Radiosotopos, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica,
      Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
SO  - Inflamm Res 1997 Aug;46(8):292-298
UI  - 97474213
PM  - 9335237
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Magro CM
AU  - Crowson AN
AU  - Harrist TJ
TI  - Atypical lymphoid infiltrates arising in cutaneous lesions of
      connective tissue disease.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Connective Tissue Diseases/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Dermatomyositis/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Human
MH  - Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lung Diseases, Interstitial/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lymphocytes/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lymphoma/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Polychondritis, Relapsing/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Pseudolymphoma/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Sialadenitis/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Skin Diseases/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Skin Neoplasms/PATHOLOGY
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Thyroiditis, Autoimmune/PATHOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am J Dermatopathol
IS  - 0193-1091
JC  - 35V
PG  - 446-455
IP  - 5
VI  - 19
AB  - Atypical lymphoid infiltrates occurring in the setting of connective-
      tissue disease (CTD) comprise malignant neoplasms of B-cell or T-cell
      phenotypes and various reactive lymphoid hyperplasias, such as
      myoepithelial sialadenitis, lymphocytic thyroiditis, and lymphocytic
      interstitial pneumonitis. We describe 17 patients with atypical
      lymphoid infiltrates arising in cutaneous lesions of CTD, the spectrum
      of which included lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, relapsing
      polychondritis, and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. There were two
      principal categories, pseudolymphoma and malignant lymphoma, the former
      representing 15 of the 17 cases. The clinical and histologic features
      and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard
      Medical School Pathology Services, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
SO  - Am J Dermatopathol 1997 Oct;19(5):446-455
UI  - 97472944
PM  - 9321417
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Moriyama EN
AU  - Powell JR
TI  - Synonymous substitution rates in Drosophila: mitochondrial versus
      nuclear genes.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Cell Nucleus/GENETICS
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drosophila/*GENETICS
MH  - Drosophila melanogaster/GENETICS
MH  - DNA, Mitochondrial/GENETICS
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - *Genes, Insect
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
RN  - 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Mol Evol
IS  - 0022-2844
JC  - J76
PG  - 378-391
IP  - 4
VI  - 45
AB  - Synonymous substitution rates in mitochondrial and nuclear genes of
      Drosophila were compared. To make accurate comparisons, we considered
      the following: (1) relative synonymous rates, which do not require
      divergence time estimates, should be used; (2) methods estimating
      divergence should take into account base composition; (3) only very
      closely related species should be used to avoid effects of saturation;
      (4) the heterogeneity of rates should be examined. We modified the
      methods estimating synonymous substitution numbers to account for base
      composition bias. By using these methods, we found that mitochondrial
      genes have 1.7-3.4 times higher synonymous substitution rates than the
      fastest nuclear genes or 4.5-9.0 times higher rates than the average
      nuclear genes. The average rate of synonymous transversions was 2.7
      (estimated from the melanogaster species subgroup) or 2.9 (estimated
      from the obscura group) times higher in mitochondrial genes than in
      nuclear genes. Synonymous transversions in mitochondrial genes occurred
      at an approximately equivalent rate to those in the fastest nuclear
      genes. This last result is not consistent with the hypothesis that the
      difference in turnover rates between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes
      is the major factor determining higher synonymous substitution rates in
      mtDNA. We conclude that the difference in synonymous substitution rates
      is due to a combination of two factors: a higher transitional mutation
      rate in mtDNA and constraints on nuclear genes due to selection for
      codon usage.
AD  - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New
      Haven, CT 06520-8106, USA.
SO  - J Mol Evol 1997 Oct;45(4):378-391
UI  - 98020719
PM  - 9378240
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Noguchi K
AU  - Takahashi K
AU  - Araki H
AU  - Higuchi S
TI  - Vasodilation profile of CD-832, a novel dihydropyridine derivative in
      rabbit aorta.
MH  - Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Aorta, Thoracic/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Calcium Channel Blockers/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Male
MH  - Muscle Contraction/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Muscle Relaxation/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Niacinamide/PHARMACOLOGY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Nifedipine/PHARMACOLOGY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Nitrendipine/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Nitroglycerin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Norepinephrine/PHARMACOLOGY/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Potassium Chloride/PHARMACOLOGY/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Vasodilation/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Vasodilator Agents/PHARMACOLOGY
RN  - 98-92-0 (Niacinamide)
RN  - 7447-40-7 (Potassium Chloride)
RN  - 65141-46-0 (nicorandil)
RN  - 55-63-0 (Nitroglycerin)
RN  - 51-41-2 (Norepinephrine)
RN  - 39562-70-4 (Nitrendipine)
RN  - 21829-25-4 (Nifedipine)
RN  - 0 (Vasodilator Agents)
RN  - 0 (CD 832)
RN  - 0 (Calcium Channel Blockers)
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic alpha-Agonists)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Gen Pharmacol
IS  - 0306-3623
JC  - FLK
PG  - 361-366
IP  - 3
VI  - 29
AB  - 1. CD-832, nifedipine and nitrendipine, but not nitroglycerin and
      nicorandil, inhibited the KCl-induced contraction of rabbit aortas. 2.
      CD-832, nitroglycerin and nicorandil, but not nifedipine and
      nitrendipine, inhibited the norepinephrine-induced contraction of
      aortas. The inhibitory effects of these agents were either potentiated
      or inhibited by zaprinast or methylene blue, respectively. 3. On the
      KCl-induced contraction, the duration of CD-832-induced vasodilation
      was longer than that of nifedipine. Concerning the norepinephrine-
      induced contraction, the duration of CD-832-induced vasodilation was
      longer than that of nicorandil. 4. These results suggest that the
      mechanism of CD-832-induced vasodilation concerns both Ca(2+)-
      antagonistic action and a nitratelike action. Furthermore, the
      vasodilation is long lasting.
AD  - Pharmacology Laboratory, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama,
      Japan.
SO  - Gen Pharmacol 1997 Sep;29(3):361-366
UI  - 98016109
PM  - 9356032
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nyholm B
AU  - Qu Z
AU  - Kaal A
AU  - Pedersen SB
AU  - Gravholt CH
AU  - Andersen JL
AU  - Saltin B
AU  - Schmitz O
TI  - Evidence of an increased number of type IIb muscle fibers in insulin-
      resistant first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Capillaries/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent/*GENETICS
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Insulin Resistance/*PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/*CYTOLOGY
MH  - Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/*CYTOLOGY
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/CYTOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Nuclear Family
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Diabetes
IS  - 0012-1797
JC  - E8X
PG  - 1822-1828
IP  - 11
VI  - 46
AB  - Insulin resistance is a common feature in first-degree relatives of
      NIDDM patients. To explore the mechanism(s) behind this condition in
      more detail, a percutaneous muscle biopsy (vastus lateralis) was
      performed in 25 first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients and 21 control
      subjects to examine muscle fiber composition and capillary density.
      Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (Rd) was determined employing a
      hyperinsulinemic-(insulin infusion rate 0.6 mU x kg[-1] x min[-1])
      euglycemic clamp. Rd (5.76 +/- 0.35 vs. 8.06 +/- 0.36 mg x kg lean body
      weight [LBW]-1 x min[-], P < 0.001) and estimated VO2max (49.3 +/- 2.8
      vs. 57.2 +/- 3.5 mg x kg LBW[-1] x min[-1], 0.05 < P < 0.10) were
      decreased in the relatives. The number of type IIb fibers (29.5 +/- 2.5
      vs. 21.0 +/- 2.8%, P < 0.05) was increased in the relatives, whereas no
      significant differences were found in other fiber types or capillary
      density between the groups. Correlations were observed between number
      of type I fibers (positive), number of type IIb fibers (negative), and
      capillary density (positive) versus Rd as well as estimated VO2max (P <
      0.05). In a multiple linear regression analysis with Rd as a dependent
      variable, estimated VO2max, family history of NIDDM, and number of type
      IIb fibers (P < 0.001, r2 = 0.64) significantly determined the level of
      Rd, whereas capillary density did not. In conclusion, insulin-resistant
      first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients are characterized by an
      increased number of type IIb muscle fibers. Whether this finding
      reflects a reduced physical activity level and fitness in the relatives
      or is of primary genetic origin remains to be determined.
AD  - Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Institute for
      Experimental Clinical Research, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
SO  - Diabetes 1997 Nov;46(11):1822-1828
UI  - 98026142
PM  - 9379020
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sacca R
AU  - Turley S
AU  - Soong L
AU  - Mellman I
AU  - Ruddle NH
TI  - Transgenic expression of lymphotoxin restores lymph nodes to
      lymphotoxin-alpha-deficient mice.
MH  - Animal
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Lymph Nodes/IMMUNOLOGY/*GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
MH  - Lymphotoxin/IMMUNOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Peyer's Patches/IMMUNOLOGY/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
MH  - Rats
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 0 (Lymphotoxin)
RN  - 0 (lymphotoxin-alpha)
DP  - 1997 Nov 1
TA  - J Immunol
IS  - 0022-1767
JC  - IFB
PG  - 4252-4260
IP  - 9
VI  - 159
AB  - Lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) has recently been demonstrated to be
      important in the development of lymph nodes (LN), Peyer's patches, and
      splenic organization, including the development of germinal centers. To
      elucidate the role of LT alpha in lymphoid organogenesis and the
      plasticity of the process, we examined LT alpha-/- mice in which an LT
      alpha transgene under the control of the rat insulin promoter (RIPLT)
      is expressed in the pancreas, kidney, and skin. The LT alpha transgene
      restored LN in LT alpha-/- mice. The reconstituted LN of RIPLT.LT alpha-
      /- mice had germinal center-like peanut agglutinin-positive regions,
      but lacked follicular dendritic cells. Although the LT alpha transgene
      did not restore Peyer's patches or splenic architecture, it restored
      the ability of the spleen to form germinal centers and follicular
      dendritic cell networks. Lymphocytes isolated from the reconstituted LN
      showed normal proliferative responses to T and B cell mitogens and were
      defective in their proliferative response to T-dependent Ag, and a
      decreased number of interdigitating dendritic cells was apparent in the
      RIPLT.LT alpha-/- mice LN. Expression of the RIPLT transgene in mice
      deficient in LT beta did not reconstitute LN, suggesting an important
      role for LT beta in the mechanisms that reconstitute LN in RIPLT.LT
      alpha-/- mice. These data are the first to demonstrate reconstitution
      of LN in LT alpha-/- mice and show that the process of LN restoration
      is amenable to manipulation with ectopic lymphotoxin.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of
      Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
SO  - J Immunol 1997 Nov 1;159(9):4252-4260
UI  - 98025416
PM  - 9378367
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hahn SM
AU  - Mitchell JB
AU  - Shacter E
TI  - Tempol inhibits neutrophil and hydrogen peroxide-mediated DNA damage.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Antioxidants/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cyclic N-Oxides/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - DNA Damage/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/*TOXICITY
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Neutrophil Activation/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Neutrophils/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Peritoneal Cavity/CYTOLOGY
MH  - Plasmacytoma
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/METABOLISM
MH  - Respiratory Burst/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
RN  - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - 2226-96-2 (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol-N-oxyl)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Cyclic N-Oxides)
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Free Radic Biol Med
IS  - 0891-5849
JC  - FRE
PG  - 879-884
IP  - 6
VI  - 23
AB  - Inflammatory conditions characterized by neutrophil activation are
      associated with a variety of chronic diseases. Reactive oxygen species
      are produced by activated neutrophils and produce DNA damage which may
      lead to tissue damage. Previous studies have shown that activated
      murine neutrophils induce DNA strand breaks in a target plasmacytoma
      cell, RIMPC 2394. We studied the effect of a water soluble nitroxide
      anti-oxidant, Tempol, on murine neutrophil induction of DNA strand
      breaks in this system. Murine neutrophils were isolated from the
      peritoneal cavity of BALB/cAn mice after an i.p. injection of pristane
      oil. Neutrophils were activated by the phorbol ester PMA and co-
      incubated with RIMPC 2394 cells. Control alkaline elution studies
      revealed progressive DNA strand breaks in RIMPC cells with time. The
      addition of Tempol to the incubation mixture prevented DNA damage in a
      dose dependent fashion. Five mM Tempol provided complete protection.
      Tempol protection against DNA strand breaks was similar for both
      stimulated neutrophils and exogenously added hydrogen peroxide.
      Measurement of hydrogen peroxide produced by stimulated neutrophils
      demonstrated that Tempol did not decrease hydrogen peroxide
      concentration. Oxidation of reduced metals, thereby interfering with
      the production of hydroxyl radical, is the most likely mechanism of
      nitroxide protection, although superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity
      and scavenging of carbon-based free radicals may also account for a
      portion of the observed protection. The anti-oxidant activity of Tempol
      inhibited DNA damage by activated neutrophils. The nitroxides as a
      class of compounds may have a role in the investigation and
      modification of inflammatory conditions.
AD  - Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
      20892, USA.
SO  - Free Radic Biol Med 1997 ;23(6):879-884
UI  - 97467690
PM  - 9326899
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lindquist LW
AU  - Carlsson GE
AU  - Jemt T
TI  - Association between marginal bone loss around osseointegrated
      mandibular implants and smoking habits: a 10-year follow-up study.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Alveolar Bone Loss/*ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Human
MH  - Jaw, Edentulous/REHABILITATION/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Male
MH  - Mandible
MH  - Mandibular Diseases/*ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - *Mandibular Prosthesis/STATISTICS & NUMERICAL DATA
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Oral Hygiene
MH  - *Osseointegration
MH  - Prosthesis Failure
MH  - Smoking/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Dent Res
IS  - 0022-0345
JC  - HYV
PG  - 1667-1674
IP  - 10
VI  - 76
AB  - While many factors are conceivable, occlusal loading and plaque-induced
      inflammation are frequently stated as the most important ones
      negatively affecting the prognosis of oral implants. Currently, little
      is known about the relative importance of such factors. The aim of this
      study was to analyze the influence of smoking and other possibly
      relevant factors on bone loss around mandibular implants. The
      participants were 45 edentulous patients, 21 smokers and 24 non-
      smokers, who were followed for 10-year period after treatment with a
      fixed implant-supported prosthesis in the mandible. The peri-implant
      bone level was measured on intraoral radiographs, information about
      smoking habits was based on a careful interview, and oral hygiene was
      evaluated from clinical registration of plaque accumulation. Besides
      standard statistical methods, multiple linear regression models were
      constructed for estimation of the relative influence of some factors on
      peri-implant bone loss. The long-term results of the implant treatment
      were good, and only three implants (1%) were lost. The mean marginal
      bone loss around the mandibular implants was very small, about 1 mm for
      the entire 10-year period. It was greater in smokers than in non-
      smokers and correlated to the amount of cigarette consumption. Smokers
      with poor oral hygiene showed greater marginal bone loss around the
      mandibular implants than those with good oral hygiene. Oral hygiene did
      not significantly affect bone loss in non-smokers. Multivariate
      analyses showed that smoking was the most important factor among those
      analyzed for association with peri-implant bone loss. The separate
      models for smokers and non-smokers revealed that oral hygiene had a
      greater impact on peri-implant bone loss among smokers than among non-
      smokers. This study showed that smoking was the most important factor
      affecting the rate of peri-implant bone loss, and that oral hygiene
      also had an influence, especially in smokers, while other factors,
      e.g., those associated with occlusal loading, were of minor importance.
      These results indicate that smoking habits should be included in
      analyses of implant survival and peri-implant bone loss.
AD  - Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Goteborg
      University, Sweden.
SO  - J Dent Res 1997 Oct;76(10):1667-1674
UI  - 97460023
PM  - 9312211
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Eliassi A
AU  - Garneau L
AU  - Roy G
AU  - Sauve R
TI  - Characterization of a chloride-selective channel from rough endoplasmic
      reticulum membranes of rat hepatocytes: evidence for a block by
      phosphate.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Calcium/METABOLISM
MH  - Chloride Channels/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Hydrogen/METABOLISM
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Intracellular Membranes/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Lipid Bilayers/METABOLISM
MH  - Liver/ULTRASTRUCTURE/*METABOLISM
MH  - Nitrobenzoates/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Phosphates/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Potassium/METABOLISM
MH  - Rats
MH  - Stilbenes/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 7440-09-7 (Potassium)
RN  - 1333-74-0 (Hydrogen)
RN  - 128-42-7 (4,4'-dinitro-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid)
RN  - 107254-86-4 (5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid)
RN  - 0 (Stilbenes)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Nitrobenzoates)
RN  - 0 (Lipid Bilayers)
RN  - 0 (Chloride Channels)
DP  - 1997 Oct 1
TA  - J Membr Biol
IS  - 0022-2631
JC  - J4E
PG  - 219-229
IP  - 3
VI  - 159
AB  - We have characterized the conduction and blocking properties of a
      chloride channel from rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes of rat
      hepatocytes after incorporation into a planar lipid bilayer. Our
      experiments revealed the existence of a channel with a mean conductance
      of 164 +/- 5 pS in symmetrical 200 mm KCl solutions. We determined that
      the channel was ten times more permeable for Cl- than for K+,
      calculated from the reversal potential using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz
      equation. The channel was voltage dependent, with an open probability
      value ranging from 0.9 at -20 mV to 0.4 at +60 mV. In addition to its
      fully open state, the channel could also enter a flickering state,
      which appeared to involve rapid transitions to zero current level. Our
      results showed a decrease of the channel mean open time combined with
      an increase of the channel mean closed time at positive potentials. An
      analysis of the dwell time distributions for the open and closed
      intervals led to the conclusion that the observed fluctuation pattern
      was compatible with a kinetic scheme containing a single open state and
      a minimum of three closed states. The permeability sequence for test
      halides determined from reversal potentials was Br- > Cl- > I-
      approximately F-. The voltage dependence of the open probability was
      modified by the presence of halides in trans with a sequence reflecting
      the permeability sequence, suggesting that permeant anions such as Br-
      and Cl- have access to an internal site capable of controlling channel
      gating. Adding NPPB to the cis chamber inhibited the channel activity
      by increasing fast flickering and generating long silent periods,
      whereas channel activity was not affected by 50 microM DNDS in trans.
      The channel was reversibly inhibited by adding phosphate to the trans
      chamber. The inhibitory effect of phosphate was voltage-dependent and
      could be reversed by addition of Cl-. Our results suggest that channel
      block involves the interaction of HPO2-4 with a site located at 70% of
      the membrane span.
AD  - Department of Physiology, Membrane Transport Research Group, University
      of Montreal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal Canada H3C 3J7.
SO  - J Membr Biol 1997 Oct 1;159(3):219-229
UI  - 98002187
PM  - 9342780
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Bardgett ME
AU  - Salaris SL
AU  - Jackson JL
AU  - Harding J
AU  - Csernansky JG
TI  - The effects of kainic acid lesions on dopaminergic responses to
      haloperidol and clozapine.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Caudate Nucleus/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Clozapine/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Corpus Striatum/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Dopamine/*METABOLISM
MH  - Dopamine Agonists
MH  - Haloperidol/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Injections, Intraventricular
MH  - Kainic Acid/*TOXICITY
MH  - Male
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Putamen/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 5786-21-0 (Clozapine)
RN  - 52-86-8 (Haloperidol)
RN  - 51-61-6 (Dopamine)
RN  - 487-79-6 (Kainic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Dopamine Agonists)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
IS  - 0033-3158
JC  - QGI
PG  - 142-151
IP  - 2
VI  - 133
AB  - The antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine have the common
      action of increasing dopamine metabolism in the striatum (nucleus
      accumbens, caudate-putamen) of the rat. Intracerebroventricular
      administration of kainic acid (KA) produces neuronal loss in limbic-
      cortical brain regions which project directly or indirectly to the
      striatum. In the present study, dopamine metabolism in subregions of
      the striatum was examined in rats with KA lesions after acute and
      chronic haloperidol or clozapine administration. The main findings was
      that the elevating effect of acute haloperidol treatment on the
      dopamine metabolite, DOPAC, was blocked in the nucleus accumbens shell
      and diminished in medial and laterodorsal caudate-putamen of the KA-
      lesioned rats. In addition, the elevating effects of both acute and
      chronic haloperidol treatment on dopamine turnover were attenuated in
      the laterodorsal caudate-putamen of KA-lesioned rats. The levels of
      dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA after chronic clozapine treatment were greater
      in KA-lesioned than control rats. These results indicate that
      dopaminergic responses to haloperidol may be diminished by limbic-
      cortical neuropathology, while such pathology does not significantly
      alter dopaminergic responses to clozapine.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
      Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1997 Sep;133(2):142-151
UI  - 98018013
PM  - 9376257
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ford M
AU  - Martin RD
AU  - Hilton LW
AU  - Ewert-Flannagan T
AU  - Corrigan GK
AU  - Johnson G
AU  - Hernandez MA
AU  - Sbach A
AU  - Lippman SM
TI  - Outcomes study of a course in breast-cancer screening.
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*PREVENTION & CONTROL
MH  - Cancer Care Facilities
MH  - Clinical Competence
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Counseling
MH  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
MH  - *Education, Nursing, Continuing
MH  - Evaluation Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Human
MH  - Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
MH  - *Mass Screening
MH  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
DP  - 1997
TA  - J Cancer Educ
IS  - 0885-8195
JC  - AVY
PG  - 179-184
IP  - 3
VI  - 12
AB  - BACKGROUND: The Breast Cancer Screening Module is a professional
      training course within the Professional Education for Prevention and
      Early Detection (PEPED) program at the University of Texas M. D.
      Anderson Cancer Center. An outcomes study was done to determine the
      module's ability to improve screening practices crucial to breast-
      cancer control. METHODS: The five-day course combines 17 hours of class
      work with 20 hours of hands-on clinical training. Subjects were
      followed for one year post-training. Six outcome areas were evaluated:
      1) knowledge about breast-cancer prevention; 2) clinical skills; 3)
      changes in routine practice; 4) numbers of patients screened, referred,
      and diagnosed; 5) trainee satisfaction with the course; and 6) barriers
      to implementing screening in routine practice. The study population was
      63 subjects (all nurse professionals). RESULTS: Outcomes were positive
      in all six evaluation areas-significant gains in general and clinical
      knowledge tests (p < or = 0.05); a significant increase from 54.2% pre-
      training to 70.5% post-training in risk counseling (p < or = 0.05); a
      sustained increase in screening practices (4.3 times and 2.8 times
      greater at 6 and 12 months post-training, respectively); 72% rate of
      high course satisfaction; and barriers to improved screening practices,
      such as time limitations among 60.4% of subjects and 57.6% of their
      employers, were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This unique training enhances
      breast-cancer prevention and screening practices and early detection.
AD  - Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, University of Texas, M. D.
      Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
SO  - J Cancer Educ 1997 ;12(3):179-184
UI  - 97440796
PM  - 9380972
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Silva B
AU  - Yamamoto-Furusho JK
AU  - Grether P
AU  - Vargas-Alarcon G
AU  - Kofman S
AU  - Granados J
TI  - Immunogenetic study in Mexican couples with recurrent spontaneous
      abortions.
MH  - Abortion, Habitual/*IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Adult
MH  - Disease Susceptibility
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Fertility/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Gene Frequency
MH  - Histocompatibility Testing
MH  - Human
MH  - HLA Antigens/GENETICS/*ANALYSIS
MH  - HLA-B7 Antigen/ANALYSIS
MH  - Male
MH  - Mexico/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Outcome
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (HLA-B7 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
DP  - 1997 May
TA  - Rev Invest Clin
IS  - 0034-8376
JC  - SCH
PG  - 183-187
IP  - 3
VI  - 49
AB  - AIM: To study the HLA markers in Mexican couples who have suffered
      three or more spontaneous abortions. DESIGN: The study included 24
      couples with recurrent abortions and 32 with normal fertility. METHOD:
      HLA class I (A, B, C) and class II (DR, DQ) typing was done with a
      standard microlymphocytoxity test. The intergroup differences were
      evaluated by chi-square and the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: The
      frequency of the MHC markers in the males and females of couples with
      abortions were not significantly different from those in fertile
      couples. However, the abortion couples shared class I antigens more
      often than expected from random mating as compared to fertile couples,
      specially in the HLA-B locus. We also found a significantly decreased
      frequency of the HLA-B7 antigen in males belonging to the abortion
      group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that HLA-B antigens may be
      markers for genes related to pregnancy outcome in Mexicans.
AD  - Departamento de Genetica, Hospital General de Mexico, SS, Mexico, D.F.
SO  - Rev Invest Clin 1997 May;49(3):183-187
UI  - 98014679
PM  - 9354556
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ogino H
AU  - Ueda Y
AU  - Morioka K
AU  - Matsubayashi K
AU  - Nomoto T
TI  - Mitral valve repair in a patient with severe porcelain aorta.
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aortic Diseases/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Calcinosis/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Cardiopulmonary Bypass
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Arrest, Induced
MH  - Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/*METHODS
MH  - Human
MH  - Mitral Valve/SURGERY
MH  - Mitral Valve Insufficiency/*SURGERY/COMPLICATIONS
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Ann Thorac Surg
IS  - 0003-4975
JC  - 683
PG  - 1179-1181
IP  - 4
VI  - 64
AB  - We repaired the mitral valve in a patient with severe porcelain aorta.
      Significant mitral regurgitation developed in a 66-year-old woman with
      heavy calcification throughout the whole aorta. At operation,
      cardiopulmonary bypass was properly established by combined axillary
      and femoral arterial cannulations for sufficient systemic flow.
      Likewise, the combination of a superior mitral approach and profound
      hypothermic fibrillatory arrest in conjunction with low-flow
      cardiopulmonary bypass allowed us to repair the mitral valve
      successfully.
AD  - Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tenri Hospital, Japan.
SO  - Ann Thorac Surg 1997 Oct;64(4):1179-1181
UI  - 97475723
PM  - 9335178
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Parro V
AU  - Vives C
AU  - Godia F
AU  - Mellado RP
TI  - Overproduction and purification of an agarase of bacterial origin.
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - DNA/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Glycoside Hydrolases/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/GENETICS/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Streptomyces/*GENETICS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.81 (agarase)
RN  - EC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases)
DP  - 1997 Oct 2
TA  - J Biotechnol
IS  - 0168-1656
JC  - AL6
PG  - 59-66
IP  - 1
VI  - 58
AB  - The agarase gene from Streptomyces coelicolor has been cloned in the
      non-producer bacterium Streptomyces lividans under the control of its
      own set of promoters and under the control of a heterologous promoter
      that is functional only during exponential growth. The best level of
      overproduction was obtained when the strain containing the natural gene
      was cultivated in fed batch with mannitol as carbon source. The
      protein, with a relative molecular mass of 32 kDa, has been purified
      following an affinity purification method. Contaminating activities
      seem to be absent from the purified enzyme preparation that can be used
      to purify DNA from agarose gels.
AD  - Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CSIC), Campus de la Universidad
      Autonoma, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
SO  - J Biotechnol 1997 Oct 2;58(1):59-66
UI  - 97417716
PM  - 9271786
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Muller M
AU  - Sorrell TC
TI  - Oxidative stress and the mobilisation of arachidonic acid in stimulated
      human platelets: role of hydroxyl radical.
MH  - Antioxidants/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Arachidonic Acid/*METABOLISM
MH  - Blood Platelets/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Eicosanoids/METABOLISM
MH  - Human
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Hydroxyl Radical/*METABOLISM
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation
MH  - Mannitol/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - NADP/METABOLISM
MH  - *Oxidative Stress
MH  - Phospholipids/METABOLISM
MH  - Pyocyanine/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/METABOLISM
RN  - 85-66-5 (Pyocyanine)
RN  - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - 69-65-8 (Mannitol)
RN  - 53-59-8 (NADP)
RN  - 506-32-1 (Arachidonic Acid)
RN  - 3352-57-6 (Hydroxyl Radical)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Phospholipids)
RN  - 0 (Eicosanoids)
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Prostaglandins
IS  - 0090-6980
JC  - Q76
PG  - 493-509
IP  - 1
VI  - 54
AB  - Platelet functions, including eicosanoid biosynthesis, can be
      significantly altered by exposure to reactive oxygen species. We
      utilised the redox properties of the phenazine derivative, pyocyanin,
      to generate low micromolar levels of reactive oxygen species in order
      to investigate the metabolism of arachidonic acid by human platelets
      under oxidative stress. Eicosanoid production by platelets, pre-
      labelled with [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) and stimulated with the calcium
      ionophore A23187, was inhibited in the presence of pyocyanin. In
      contrast, platelets pre-treated with pyocyanin and concurrently exposed
      to A23187 and AA showed no evidence of inhibition. Analysis of the free
      label content of labelled, pyocyanin-treated platelets after
      stimulation revealed diminished levels of total free label and a
      corresponding increase in labelled phospholipid. Prior treatment with
      the antioxidants, superoxide dismutase, catalase or the hydroxyl
      radical scavenger, mannitol, before the addition of pyocyanin afforded
      protection against loss of eicosanoid production and restored AA
      release. We conclude that hydroxyl radicals inhibit one or more steps
      in the cascade leading to phospholipase A2 activation and release of
      arachidonic acid from platelet phospholipid stores.
AD  - Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Sydney,
      Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.
SO  - Prostaglandins 1997 Jul;54(1):493-509
UI  - 97470473
PM  - 9329890
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Demircay Z
AU  - Gurbuz O
AU  - Alpdogan TB
AU  - Yucelten D
AU  - Alpdogan O
AU  - Kurtkaya O
AU  - Bayik M
TI  - Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema in leukemic patients: a report of
      15 cases.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antibiotics, Anthracycline/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Cytarabine/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Daunorubicin/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Doxorubicin/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Erythema/PATHOLOGY/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Immunosuppressive Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Leukemia, Myelocytic, Acute/*DRUG THERAPY/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/*DRUG THERAPY/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Recurrence
RN  - 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin)
RN  - 20830-81-3 (Daunorubicin)
RN  - 147-94-4 (Cytarabine)
RN  - 0 (Immunosuppressive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined)
RN  - 0 (Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Anthracycline)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Int J Dermatol
IS  - 0011-9059
JC  - GR2
PG  - 593-598
IP  - 8
VI  - 36
AB  - BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema is a distinct localized
      cutaneous response to certain systemic chemotherapeutic agents.
      METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1994, from a total of 76
      leukemic patients who have received combination chemotherapy consisting
      of cytosine arabinoside and anthracycline antibiotics, 15 patients
      developed chemotherapy-induced acral erythema. Fourteen of the patients
      had acute myelocytic leukemia, and one of them had chronic myelogenous
      leukemia in blast phase. Clinical features of these 15 patients have
      been analysed. Biopsy specimens obtained from eight of the patients
      were also evaluated for histopathologic alterations. RESULTS: The
      overall incidence of this reaction was found to be 19.7% in our group
      of patients receiving this chemotherapy protocol. The onset of reaction
      varied from the fourth to the seventeenth days of the chemotherapy and
      resolved within 2 weeks in most of the patients. Lesions appeared as
      well-defined erythema and edema involving the palmar surfaces in all of
      the patients. In nine of the patients the reaction recurred with
      subsequent chemotherapies. Scattered necrotic keratinocytes, vacuolar
      alterations of the basal layer, and mild to moderate perivascular
      lymphocytic infiltration in the dermis were the histopathologic
      findings observed in the biopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy-
      induced acral erythema is a frequent reaction in patients who are
      receiving high-dose chemotherapy. For patients in whom this self-
      limited condition develops, reassurance is the mainstay of therapy.
      Awareness of this reaction is also important to be able to
      differentiate it from acute graft versus host disease in patients who
      receive bone marrow transplants.
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Marmara University School of Medicine,
      Istanbul, Turkey.
SO  - Int J Dermatol 1997 Aug;36(8):593-598
UI  - 98022338
PM  - 9378393
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Salcedo J
AU  - Keates S
AU  - Pothoulakis C
AU  - Warny M
AU  - Castagliuolo I
AU  - LaMont JT
AU  - Kelly CP
TI  - Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for severe Clostridium difficile
      colitis.
MH  - Antibodies/ANALYSIS
MH  - Bacterial Toxins/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Case Report
MH  - *Clostridium difficile
MH  - Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*THERAPY
MH  - Enterotoxins/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - IgG/ANALYSIS
MH  - *Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins, Intravenous)
RN  - 0 (IgG)
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Clostridium difficile enterotoxin A)
RN  - 0 (Clostridium difficile cytotoxin B)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Gut
IS  - 0017-5749
JC  - FVT
PG  - 366-370
IP  - 3
VI  - 41
AB  - BACKGROUND: Many individuals have serum antibodies against Clostridium
      difficile toxins. Those with an impaired antitoxin response may be
      susceptible to recurrent, prolonged, or severe C difficile diarrhoea
      and colitis. AIMS: To examine whether treatment with intravenous
      immunoglobulin might be effective in patients with severe
      pseudomembranous colitis unresponsive to standard antimicrobial
      therapy. PATIENTS: Two patients with pseudomembranous colitis not
      responding to metronidazole and vancomycin were given normal pooled
      human immunoglobulin intravenously (200-300 mg/kg). METHODS: Antibodies
      against C difficile toxins were measured in nine immunoglobulin
      preparations by ELISA and by cytotoxin neutralisation assay. RESULTS:
      Both patients responded quickly as shown by resolution of diarrhoea,
      abdominal tenderness, and distension. All immunoglobulin preparations
      tested contained IgG against C difficile toxins A and B by ELISA and
      neutralised the cytotoxic activity of C difficile toxins in vitro at
      IgG concentrations of 0.4-1.6 mg/ml. CONCLUSION: Passive immunotherapy
      with intravenous immunoglobulin may be a useful addition to antibiotic
      therapy for severe, refractory C difficile colitis. IgG antitoxin is
      present in standard immunoglobulin preparations and C difficile toxin
      neutralising activity is evident at IgG concentrations which are
      readily achieved in the serum by intravenous immunoglobulin
      administration.
AD  - Section of Gastroenterology, Boston University School of Medicine,
      Massachusetts, USA.
SO  - Gut 1997 Sep;41(3):366-370
UI  - 97414385
PM  - 9380284
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lai A
AU  - Silvetti L
AU  - Cossu F
AU  - Di Chiara G
AU  - Tanda G
AU  - Frau R
TI  - Precision of drug dilution techniques.
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - *Indicator Dilution Techniques
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
DP  - 1997 Apr
TA  - Minerva Anestesiol
IS  - 0375-9393
JC  - N26
PG  - 115-118
IP  - 4
VI  - 63
AB  - OBJECT: Evaluation of accuracy of three common dilution methods for
      drugs. EXPERIMENTAL PLAN: Perspective double blind investigation from
      March to June 1995. PLACE: Anaesthesia and Resuscitation Service of
      Children's Hospital of Iglesias (CA). METHODS: Forty dopamine at 2/1000
      samples, obtained by dilution of dopamine at 40/1000 on sale with three
      different methods by five different operators, were analysed with a
      chromatography system in liquid phase at high pressure. RESULTS: Mean
      concentration with difference not exceeding 5% from the goal, are
      considered acceptable. Only one group of samples was found to be into
      these limits, but it was also the most dangerous for the high
      percentage of great mistakes in dilution. Although there are
      significant differences in the accuracy and safety of the three
      dilution methods, the highest and lowest final concentrations obtained
      differ very much from those estimated. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested
      that drugs confections with proper dilution for different clinical uses
      might be on sale.
AD  - Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda USL n. 7, Ospedale
      Pediatrico F.lli Crobu, di Iglesias, (Cagliari).
SO  - Minerva Anestesiol 1997 Apr;63(4):115-118
UI  - 97462647
PM  - 9322874
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Liu JM
AU  - Young NS
AU  - Walsh CE
AU  - Cottler-Fox M
AU  - Carter C
AU  - Dunbar C
AU  - Barrett AJ
AU  - Emmons R
TI  - Retroviral mediated gene transfer of the Fanconi anemia complementation
      group C gene to hematopoietic progenitors of group C patients.
MH  - Cell Transplantation
MH  - Clinical Protocols
MH  - Fanconi's Anemia/*THERAPY
MH  - Gene Therapy/METHODS
MH  - *Gene Transfer
MH  - Genetic Vectors/GENETICS
MH  - *Hematopoietic Stem Cells
MH  - Human
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Proteins/*GENETICS
MH  - Retroviridae/GENETICS
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (Fanconi anemia group C complementing protein)
DP  - 1997 Sep 20
TA  - Hum Gene Ther
IS  - 1043-0342
JC  - A12
PG  - 1715-1730
IP  - 14
VI  - 8
AB  - Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by
      progress pancytopenia, congenial abnormalities, and a predisposition to
      malignancy. Therapy is currently limited to allogeneic marrow
      transplantation; patients lacking a suitable donor usually die from
      aplasia or acute leukemia. Recently, mutation in a novel gene named
      FACC (Fanconi anemia C-complementing) has been identified as causing
      one type of FA. FACC mutations, which introduce splicing errors or stop
      codons, have been identified in approximately 15% of FA patients. We
      have recently been successful in functional complementation of four FA
      cell lines using retroviral vectors to transfer a copy of the normal
      FACC gene. We also analyzed the ability of our viral vectors to
      functionally correct hematopoietic progenitor cells from a patient
      bearing a splice donor mutation. As for the lymphoid cell lines, these
      CD34-enriched cells were extremely sensitive to MMC. After infection of
      these progenitor cells with viral vectors bearing normal FACC, the
      progenitors gave rise to increased numbers of colonies both in the
      absence and presence of up to 5nM MMC, whereas control cells were
      completely destroyed by 1nM MMC. In summary, we have demonstrated that:
      (1) retroviral vectors can be engineered to transfer a normal FACC gene
      to FA(C) lymphoid cell lines and primary hematopoietic cells; (2)
      introduction of a normal FACC gene into CD34+ progenitors markedly
      enhances their growth in the absence and presence of MMC. This study is
      designed to determine whether hematopoietic progenitors transduced with
      the normal FACC gene can be reinfused safely into FA(C) patients. CD34+
      cells obtained from G-CSF mobilized peripheral blood will be transduced
      ex vivo over a 72-hour period in the presence of IL-3, IL-6, and Stem
      Cell Factor with the FACC retroviral vector. These transduced cells
      will be reinfused into FA(C) patients. Patients will be monitored for
      toxicities as well as evidence of successful gene transfer and
      expression. The procedure will be repeated up to a total of 4 times
      with each treatment 2-4 months apart. Theoretically, these rescued stem
      cells should have a selective growth advantage within the hypoplastic
      FA marrow environment in vivo.
SO  - Hum Gene Ther 1997 Sep 20;8(14):1715-1730
UI  - 98010944
PM  - 9350014
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Eltabbakh GH
AU  - Belinson JL
AU  - Kennedy AW
AU  - Gupta M
AU  - Webster K
AU  - Blumenson LE
TI  - Serum CA-125 measurements > 65 U/mL. Clinical value.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - CA-125 Antigen/*BLOOD
MH  - Endometriosis/BLOOD
MH  - Female
MH  - Genital Neoplasms, Female/*BLOOD
MH  - Heart Failure, Congestive/BLOOD
MH  - Human
MH  - Liver Cirrhosis/BLOOD
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Ovarian Neoplasms/BLOOD
MH  - Peritoneal Neoplasms/BLOOD
MH  - Postmenopause
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Retrospective Studies
RN  - 0 (CA-125 Antigen)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Reprod Med
IS  - 0024-7758
JC  - JWT
PG  - 617-624
IP  - 10
VI  - 42
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review the prevalence of various conditions associated
      with serum CA-125 values > 65 U/mL, to calculate the odds ratios of
      different ranges of high CA-125 in predicting cancer and to study the
      effect of menopause and the presence of a mass on the predictive value
      of high serum CA-125. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of the
      diagnoses in 313 consecutive women seen at the Cleveland Clinic
      Foundation whose serum CA-125 was > 65 U/mL was performed. Statistical
      analysis was performed using crosstabulation, chi 2, Fisher's exact
      test and the odds ratio. RESULTS: In patients with serum CA-125 > 65
      U/mL, gynecologic cancers, nongynecologic cancers and non-malignant
      conditions constituted 74.3%, 10.2% and 13.1% of diagnoses,
      respectively. In patients with serum CA-125 > or = 1,000 U/mL, the same
      conditions were responsible for 89%, 7% and 3% of diagnoses,
      respectively. Endometriosis and metastatic breast cancer were the most
      common benign condition and nongynecologic cancer associated with serum
      CA-125 > 65 U/mL. The presence of an abdominopelvic mass significantly
      increased the risk of malignancy (P < .00005). Approximately 90% of
      patients with CA-125 > 65 U/mL and no mass had nonmalignant disease.
      The diagnoses of serum CA-125 values > 65 U/mL varied significantly in
      premenopausal versus postmenopausal patients. Postmenopausal patients
      had a higher incidence of gynecologic (P = .002) and nongynecologic (P
      = .0008) cancers and lower incidence of benign conditions (P < .0005).
      The odds ratio that CA-125 levels were associated with cancer increased
      as the level of CA-125 increased. The odds ratio of malignant versus
      benign disease was significantly higher in post-menopausal patients for
      all intervals of CA-125 levels until the level of > or = 1,000 U/mL was
      reached. CONCLUSION: In patients seen at a tertiary center, serum CA-
      125 measurements > 65 U/mL were associated with nonmalignant conditions
      in 13% of patients. Although higher serum CA-125 levels were more
      associated with gynecologic malignancies, no level of CA-125 occurred
      exclusively with gynecologic cancers. In postmenopausal patients with
      serum CA-125 values > 65 U/mL and in patients with serum CA-125 values
      > 65 U/mL and an abdominopelvic mass, subspecialty consultation should
      be considered before proceeding to surgery.
AD  - Department of Gynecology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA.
SO  - J Reprod Med 1997 Oct;42(10):617-624
UI  - 97451318
PM  - 9306294
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Battaglia M
AU  - Bajo S
AU  - Strambi LF
AU  - Brambilla F
AU  - Castronovo C
AU  - Vanni G
AU  - Bellodi L
TI  - Physiological and behavioral responses to minor stressors in offspring
      of patients with panic disorder.
MH  - Adaptation, Psychological/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Arousal/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Autonomic Nervous System/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Child
MH  - Child of Impaired Parents/*PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Rate/PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Human
MH  - Hydrocortisone/METABOLISM
MH  - Male
MH  - Panic Disorder/PSYCHOLOGY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Personality Assessment
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Respiration/PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Saliva/METABOLISM
MH  - Social Behavior
MH  - Stress, Psychological/*COMPLICATIONS
RN  - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone)
DP  - 1997 May
TA  - J Psychiatr Res
IS  - 0022-3956
JC  - JTJ
PG  - 365-376
IP  - 3
VI  - 31
AB  - Nineteen children born to patients with panic disorder and a comparison
      group of 16 children born to unaffected, non-psychiatric patient
      subjects exposed to novel and mildly stressful situations (visiting an
      unfamiliar place and watching a movie containing anxiogenic scenes)
      were assessed for their behaviors, heart rate, respiratory rate and
      salivary cortisol secretion. At arrival children born to patients with
      panic disorder had significantly longer latency of first spontaneous
      verbal comment, fewer prosocial behavior, and increased distress and
      attachment behavior. During the projection of the movie, children of
      the two groups differed for attachment, distress, and exploration
      behaviors. During the anxiogenic scenes children born to patients with
      panic disorder showed increased behavioral inhibition and higher heart
      rate. Autonomic modulation, respiratory rates and cortisol secretion
      were similar in the two groups. Some distinct psychophysiological
      patterns may constitute early manifestations of the transmitted
      liability to panic disorder.
AD  - Istituto Scientifico H S. Raffaele, Department of Neuropsychiatric
      Sciences, University of Milan School of Medicine, Italy.
SO  - J Psychiatr Res 1997 May;31(3):365-376
UI  - 97449293
PM  - 9305762
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Vignols F
AU  - Wigger M
AU  - Garcia-Garrido JM
AU  - Grellet F
AU  - Kader JC
AU  - Delseny M
TI  - Rice lipid transfer protein (LTP) genes belong to a complex multigene
      family and are differentially regulated.
MH  - Abscisic Acid/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Carrier Proteins/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Plant/GENETICS
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Genes, Plant
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Rice/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Salicylic Acids/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sodium Chloride/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - 69-72-7 (salicylic acid)
RN  - 21293-29-8 (Abscisic Acid)
RN  - 0 (Salicylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Plant)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (lipid transfer protein)
SI  - GENBANK/X83433
SI  - GENBANK/X83434
SI  - GENBANK/X83435
DP  - 1997 Aug 22
TA  - Gene
IS  - 0378-1119
JC  - FOP
PG  - 177-186
IP  - 2
VI  - 195
AB  - Several cDNA clones encoding three different lipid transfer proteins
      (LTPs) have been isolated from rice (Oryza sativa L.) in order to
      analyse the complexity, the evolution and the expression of the LTP
      gene family. The mature proteins deduced from three clones exhibited a
      molecular mass of 9 kDa, in agreement with the molecular mass of other
      LTPs from plants. The clones were shown to be homologous in the coding
      region, while the 3' non-coding regions diverged strongly between the
      clones. The occurrence of at least three small multigene families
      encoding these proteins in rice was confirmed by Southern blot
      analysis. When compared with each other and with LTPs from other
      plants, the cluster including rice LTPs and other cereal LTPs indicated
      that these genes duplicated rather recently and independently in the
      different plant phyla. The expression pattern of each gene family was
      also investigated. Northern blot experiments demonstrated that they are
      differentially regulated in the different tissues analysed. Components
      such as salt, salicylic acid and abscisic acid were shown to modulate
      Ltp gene expression, depending on tissues and gene classes, suggesting
      a complex regulation of these genes.
AD  - Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire, URA CNRS 1180,
      Universite de Paris VI, France.
SO  - Gene 1997 Aug 22;195(2):177-186
UI  - 97453507
PM  - 9382350
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Olea Vallejo JL
AU  - Corretger Ruhi FJ
AU  - Salvat Serra M
AU  - Frau Rotger E
AU  - Galiana Ferre C
AU  - Fiol Jaume M
TI  - Risk factors in retinopathy of prematurity.
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
MH  - Retinopathy of Prematurity/THERAPY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - An Esp Pediatr
IS  - 0302-4342
JC  - 49N
PG  - 172-176
IP  - 2
VI  - 47
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the potential
      risk factors in acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). PATIENTS AND
      METHODS: A retrospective study of preterm infants with birth weights
      less than 1,501 g, or more if mechanical ventilation and oxygen
      administration were needed, was carried out. Indirect ophthalmoscopy
      (mydriasis) with indentation was done every 15 days from the fourth
      week. Fifteen factors were analyzed. Statistically significant
      differences between the groups with and without ROP were sought with
      Fisher's exact probability test, two-sample t-test, and the chi-square
      contingency-table. A logistic regression was done. RESULTS: Thirty-six
      of the 137 infants examined (26.2%) with birth weight < or = 1,500 g
      had acute ROP. Only 7.1% of the infants with birth weights > or = 1,501
      g had retinopathy. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the
      following variables: birth weight, gestational age, blood transfusion,
      mechanical ventilation, FiO2 (fraction inspired oxygen) maximum, time
      of FiO2 > or = 0.60 (hours) and time of FiO2 > or = 0.21 (days).
      However, the birth-weight was the only independent risk factor related
      to ROP. CONCLUSIONS: Retinopathy of the premature has a multifactorial
      etiology. The low gestational age and the oxygen had influence on ROP;
      however, low birth weight was the independent risk factor.
AD  - Servicio de Oftalmologia, Hospital Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca.
SO  - An Esp Pediatr 1997 Aug;47(2):172-176
UI  - 98026387
PM  - 9376273
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Cameron DA
AU  - Anderson ED
AU  - Levack P
AU  - Hawkins RA
AU  - Anderson TJ
AU  - Leonard RC
AU  - Forrest AP
AU  - Chetty U
TI  - Primary systemic therapy for operable breast cancer--10-year survival
      data after chemotherapy and hormone therapy.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aminoglutethimide/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Androstenedione/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Axilla
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*THERAPY/SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Cyclophosphamide/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Doxorubicin/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Goserelin/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Human
MH  - Hydrocortisone/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Lymphatic Metastasis
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/*THERAPY/SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Ovariectomy
MH  - Prednisone/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Preoperative Care
MH  - Tamoxifen/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Vincristine/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
RN  - 65807-02-5 (Goserelin)
RN  - 63-05-8 (Androstenedione)
RN  - 57-22-7 (Vincristine)
RN  - 566-48-3 (4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione)
RN  - 53-03-2 (Prednisone)
RN  - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone)
RN  - 50-18-0 (Cyclophosphamide)
RN  - 23214-92-8 (Doxorubicin)
RN  - 125-84-8 (Aminoglutethimide)
RN  - 10540-29-1 (Tamoxifen)
RN  - 0 (CHOP protocol)
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Br J Cancer
IS  - 0007-0920
JC  - AV4
PG  - 1099-1105
IP  - 8
VI  - 76
AB  - Between 1984 and 1990, 94 women presenting to the Edinburgh Breast Unit
      with operable breast cancer of 4 cm or greater in diameter (T2, T3, N0,
      N1, M0) were given preoperative systemic therapy. Initially, all women
      received hormone therapy, with CHOP (cyclophosphamide 1 g m(-2),
      doxorubicin 50 mg m(-2), vincristine 1.4 mg m(-2) to a maximum of 2 mg
      and prednisolone 40 mg per day orally for 5 days) chemotherapy being
      administered to those who failed to respond by 3 months. After April
      1987, first-line hormone therapy was only offered to women with
      oestrogen receptor (ER)-moderate/-rich (> 20 fmol mg(-1) protein)
      tumours, and CHOP was reserved for those women whose tumours failed to
      respond to hormone therapy and for those with ER-negative/-poor
      tumours. Response data have been published previously (Anderson et al,
      1991). After a median follow-up of 7.5 years, there is no difference in
      survival between those women given initial hormone therapy and those
      given chemotherapy, with neither group having yet reached its median
      survival. The two key factors that predicted for a poor survival were
      the number of involved axillary nodes after preoperative systemic
      therapy (P < 0.00001) and a lack of response to preoperative therapy (P
      < 0.05). These data suggest that many women with ER-moderate/-rich
      tumours will have a good prognosis after preoperative hormone therapy
      alone. However, it is possible to identify, by their post-systemic
      therapy axillary node status, a group of women who still have an
      appalling prognosis after preoperative chemotherapy or hormone therapy.
AD  - ICRF Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
SO  - Br J Cancer 1997 ;76(8):1099-1105
UI  - 98021591
PM  - 9376966
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Wright D
AU  - Schneider A
AU  - Berger JR
TI  - Central nervous system opportunistic infections.
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/THERAPY/*DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Brain Diseases/VIROLOGY/THERAPY/MICROBIOLOGY/*DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Cytomegalovirus Infections/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Herpes Simplex/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Herpes Zoster/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Human
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - HTLV-BLV Infections/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Immune Tolerance
MH  - Immunocompromised Host
MH  - Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal/VIROLOGY/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Meningitis, Cryptococcal/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Mycobacterium Infections/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Mycoses/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Neurosyphilis/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/DIAGNOSIS
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Neuroimaging Clin N Am
IS  - 1052-5149
JC  - B1F
PG  - 513-525
IP  - 3
VI  - 7
AB  - The spectrum of opportunistic infections occurring in association with
      human-immunodeficiency virus, type 1, is very broad. These infections
      develop most frequently in the setting of advanced immunosuppression.
      There is no part of the neuraxis that is immune to these complications
      and the concurrence of more than one infectious illness may always be
      considered. The neuroimaging features, when coupled with the clinical
      and laboratory findings, often suggest the correct diagnosis and enable
      the physician to initiate therapy.
AD  - Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine,
      Lexington, USA.
SO  - Neuroimaging Clin N Am 1997 Aug;7(3):513-525
UI  - 97473682
PM  - 9332524
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Burke DG
AU  - Emancipator SN
AU  - Smith MC
AU  - Salata RA
TI  - Histoplasmosis and kidney disease in patients with AIDS.
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Antibodies, Fungal/BLOOD/ANALYSIS
MH  - Antifungal Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Antigen-Antibody Complex/ANALYSIS
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Cholesterol/BLOOD/ANALYSIS
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative/MICROBIOLOGY/*DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Histoplasmosis/IMMUNOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Human
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Itraconazole/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Kidney/PATHOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Proteinuria/MICROBIOLOGY/*DIAGNOSIS
MH  - Serum Albumin/ANALYSIS
RN  - 84625-61-6 (Itraconazole)
RN  - 57-88-5 (Cholesterol)
RN  - 0 (Serum Albumin)
RN  - 0 (Antigen-Antibody Complex)
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Fungal)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Clin Infect Dis
IS  - 1058-4838
JC  - A4J
PG  - 281-284
IP  - 2
VI  - 25
AB  - Renal disease in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus
      (HIV) often presents with significant proteinuria and progressive renal
      failure; focal glomerulosclerosis is the most common renal pathology
      identified. To our knowledge, we report the first case of nephrotic-
      range proteinuria and preserved renal function in an HIV-infected
      patient in association with disseminated histoplasmosis. The initial
      level of proteinuria was 12.5 g/24 h. The patient developed a
      concomitant lesion on his neck, which was biopsied and identified as
      Histoplasma capsulatum by fungal stains and culture. The serum CF titer
      of antibody against yeast antigens of H. capsulatum was 1:8. The level
      of serum albumin decreased to 2.0 g/dL, and the level of serum
      cholesterol increased to 284 mg/dL. Immunohistochemical staining of
      renal biopsy tissue demonstrated immune complexes within the mesangium;
      H. capsulatum antigen was also demonstrated in the mesangium. Therapy
      with oral itraconazole resulted in marked clinical improvement. The
      findings in this case emphasize the need to rule out treatable causes
      of the nephrotic syndrome in AIDS, especially in cases of immune-
      complex glomerulonephritis.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University
      Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106-5083, USA.
SO  - Clin Infect Dis 1997 Aug;25(2):281-284
UI  - 98001259
PM  - 9341963
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ahmedzai S
TI  - Current strategies for pain control.
MH  - Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/*THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Bone Neoplasms/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Fentanyl/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Human
MH  - Neoplasms/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Pain/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - *Pain Measurement
RN  - 437-38-7 (Fentanyl)
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Non-Narcotic)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Ann Oncol
IS  - 0923-7534
JC  - AYF
PG  - S21-S24
VI  - 8
AB  - Pain is the most feared symptom for patients diagnosed with cancer.
      Although our understanding of cancer pain and its management has
      greatly improved in the past decade, an unacceptably large proportion
      of patients still do not receive adequate pain relief. Before
      commencing any form of treatment, patients must receive a thorough
      assessment in order to define the pain, causes and severity. The
      recommendations for progressing a patient from step 2 to step 3 of the
      WHO analgesic ladder are discussed here as well as the choice of strong
      opioid substitution. An overview of the benefits of considering
      alternative routes of administering strong opioids, such as the
      transdermal delivery of fentanyl (TTS fentanyl), and the use of opioid
      substitution in patients intolerant to the adverse effects of morphine
      are also included. Finally, newer approaches to relieving refractory
      pain, such as neuropathic and bone pain, are considered.
AD  - Department of Surgical and Anaesthetic Sciences, Royal Hallamshire
      Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
SO  - Ann Oncol 1997 ;8:S21-S24
UI  - 97481000
PM  - 9339616
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Aziz AB
AU  - Hamid S
AU  - Iqbal S
AU  - Islam W
AU  - Karim SA
TI  - Prevalence and severity of viral hepatitis in Pakistani pregnant women:
      a five year hospital based study.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatic Encephalopathy/ETIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Hepatitis, Viral, Human/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Human
MH  - Pakistan/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Prevalence
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - JPMA J Pak Med Assoc
IS  - 0030-9982
JC  - KGI
PG  - 198-201
IP  - 8
VI  - 47
AB  - A hospital based observational study was carried out on pregnant women
      presenting with either acute hepatitis or fulminant hepatic failure
      (FHF), during the past years. Of 53 patients, 20 (38%) developed
      FHF.Non-A, Non-B was the commonest cause (62%) followed by hepatitis B
      in 17% and hepatitis A in 4% cases. Eight women expired (case fatality
      rate 15%) with a high maternal mortality (62%) caused by NANB
      hepatitis. Perinatal mortality was 30%. Poor prognostic factors
      identified were lack of antenatal care, severity of jaundice, history
      of somnolence, gastrointestinal bleeding and a high grade of
      encephalopathy.
AD  - Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aga Khan University Hospital,
      Karachi.
SO  - JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 1997 Aug;47(8):198-201
UI  - 97462809
PM  - 9323036
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Zhou N
AU  - Paemen L
AU  - Opdenakker G
AU  - Froyen G
TI  - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a human gelatinase B-
      inhibitory single-chain immunoglobulin variable fragment (scFv).
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Collagenases/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Escherichia coli/*GENETICS
MH  - Human
MH  - Immunoglobulin Fragments/*PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Immunoglobulin Variable Region/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM/*GENETICS
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Sequence Analysis
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin Variable Region)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin Fragments)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B)
RN  - EC 3.4.24.- (Collagenases)
DP  - 1997 Sep 15
TA  - FEBS Lett
IS  - 0014-5793
JC  - EUH
PG  - 562-566
IP  - 3
VI  - 414
AB  - The murine monoclonal antibody REGA-3G12 selectively and specifically
      inhibits the activity of human gelatinase B. The cDNA fragments which
      encode the variable regions of the light and heavy chains were isolated
      by PCR-mediated cloning and sequenced. Single-chain Fv expression
      constructs for Escherichia coli were generated in which c-myc tag
      sequences were encoded. Inducible expression of the scFv and secretion
      to the periplasm were obtained with higher yields when the c-myc tag
      sequence was positioned at the amino-terminal side. The inhibitory
      activity of purified scFv on neutrophil gelatinase B was tested in a
      gelatin degradation assay and it was found to possess a similar
      specific activity as that of the intact monoclonal antibody and of the
      pepsin-clipped F(ab')2 derivative. This shows for the first time that
      inhibition of soluble enzymes with scFv is possible and opens new
      perspectives for the treatment of diseases with excessive and
      detrimental enzyme production in the host.
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical
      Research, University of Leuven, Belgium.
SO  - FEBS Lett 1997 Sep 15;414(3):562-566
UI  - 97477299
PM  - 9337362
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kukita I
AU  - Okamoto K
AU  - Sato T
AU  - Shibata Y
AU  - Taki K
AU  - Kurose M
AU  - Terasaki H
AU  - Kohrogi H
AU  - Ando M
TI  - Emergency extracorporeal life support for patients with near-fatal
      status asthmaticus.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Blood Gas Analysis
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Decision Trees
MH  - Emergencies
MH  - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/*METHODS
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Life Support Care/*METHODS
MH  - Lung Compliance
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Pulmonary Gas Exchange
MH  - Respiration, Artificial
MH  - Status Asthmaticus/*THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am J Emerg Med
IS  - 0735-6757
JC  - AA2
PG  - 566-569
IP  - 6
VI  - 15
AB  - Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) was used to treat three patients
      with near-fatal status asthmaticus who did not respond to aggressive
      medical therapies and mechanical ventilation under controlled
      permissive hypercapnia. ECLS was instituted in patient 1 because PaCO2
      was excessively high and pH was excessively low, in patient 2 because
      hypoxemia and shock were not responsive to treatment, and in patient 3
      because of sustained severe hypotension. ECLS supported adequate gas
      exchange until pulmonary function improved, diminishing the need for
      mechanical ventilation and preventing pulmonary complications.
      Pulmonary dysfunction improved markedly after only 21 to 86 hours of
      ECLS. Aggressive medical treatments were continued during ECLS. Our
      findings indicate that ECLS is a useful method for preventing death in
      patients with near-fatal status asthmaticus.
AD  - Division of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, Kumamoto University
      School of Medicine, Japan.
SO  - Am J Emerg Med 1997 Oct;15(6):566-569
UI  - 97465075
PM  - 9323783
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gunnarsson RK
AU  - Holm SE
AU  - Soderstrom M
TI  - The prevalence of beta-haemolytic streptococci in throat specimens from
      healthy children and adults. Implications for the clinical value of
      throat cultures.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Carrier State/*MICROBIOLOGY/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Day Care Centers
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Human
MH  - Infant
MH  - Pharyngitis/*MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Pharynx/*MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Serotyping
MH  - Streptococcal Infections/*MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Streptococcus pyogenes/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/GROWTH &
      DEVELOPMENT/CLASSIFICATION
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Scand J Prim Health Care
IS  - 0281-3432
JC  - SIF
PG  - 149-155
IP  - 3
VI  - 15
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of age and season of the year on
      the carrier rate of beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) in healthy
      individuals and patients with throat pain. DESIGN: The prevalence of
      BHS in throat specimens from healthy individuals was compared with that
      from patients with throat pain of the same age in a defined
      geographical area, collected during the same mid-winter and late summer
      periods. RESULTS: The prevalence of BHS in healthy individuals was low
      before the age of 3 years (1.9-7.1%) and in adults > or = 16 years (2.4-
      3.7%) and highest in the age group 3-15 years (5.0-21.2%). The
      difference in prevalence of BHS between healthy individuals and
      patients with throat pain was small during the late summer season and
      large during the mid-winter season. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of BHS
      varies with age and season in healthy individuals and patients with
      throat pain. During the summer, it is much more difficult to interpret
      the result of a throat culture in individuals aged < 16 years.
AD  - Department of Primary Health Care, Goteborg University, Sweden.
SO  - Scand J Prim Health Care 1997 Sep;15(3):149-155
UI  - 98008877
PM  - 9344868
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Chilukuri LN
AU  - Fortes PA
AU  - Bartlett DH
TI  - High pressure modulation of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase activity.
MH  - *Atmospheric Pressure
MH  - DNA Topoisomerase (ATP-Hydrolysing)/*METABOLISM
MH  - DNA, Superhelical/METABOLISM
MH  - Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Escherichia coli/*ENZYMOLOGY
MH  - Plasmids/METABOLISM
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Superhelical)
RN  - EC 5.99.1.3 (DNA Topoisomerase (ATP-Hydrolysing))
DP  - 1997 Oct 20
TA  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun
IS  - 0006-291X
JC  - 9Y8
PG  - 552-556
IP  - 2
VI  - 239
AB  - Elevated pressures greater than 551 bar were found to inhibit the DNA
      supercoiling activity of Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. A large fraction
      of the inhibitory effect could be reproduced by preincubation of the
      enzyme at high pressure prior to enzymatic assay at 1 bar. It is
      proposed that elevated pressure influences gyrase structure, most
      likely by promoting the dissociation of its subunits, however, it is
      also possible that effects on enzyme activity exist. Copyright 1997
      Academic Press.
AD  - Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of
      Oceanography, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
SO  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997 Oct 20;239(2):552-556
UI  - 97465074
PM  - 9323782
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Herrstrom P
AU  - Fristrom A
AU  - Karlsson A
AU  - Hogstedt B
TI  - Enterobius vermicularis and finger sucking in young Swedish children.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Enterobiasis/*TRANSMISSION/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/DIAGNOSIS
MH  - *Enterobius
MH  - Female
MH  - *Fingersucking
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Screening
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Sweden/EPIDEMIOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Scand J Prim Health Care
IS  - 0281-3432
JC  - SIF
PG  - 146-148
IP  - 3
VI  - 15
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis and its
      association with finger sucking in young Swedish children. DESIGN:
      Cross-sectional survey with a questionnaire for symptoms of infestation
      with Enterobius vermicularis, and the children's habit of finger
      sucking (including fingernail biting). Perianal tape-test for
      identification of eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. SETTING: Primary
      care, day-care centres, and schools in a Swedish middle-sized town
      (approx. 80,000 inhabitants). PARTICIPANTS: 172 children of both sexes,
      4-10 years old. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The prevalence of Enterobius
      vermicularis and its association with finger sucking. RESULTS: 21% of
      the children were symptom-free carriers of Enterobius vermicularis, and
      finger sucking was strongly associated with a positive tape-test (p =
      0.01). CONCLUSION: More children than previously known seemed to be
      symptom-free carriers of Enterobius vermicularis. Finger sucking should
      be considered when treating infested children and especially those with
      relapsing symptoms.
AD  - Primary Care Centre Hertig Knut, Central Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
SO  - Scand J Prim Health Care 1997 Sep;15(3):146-148
UI  - 97468082
PM  - 9327226
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Woodburn R
AU  - Randall ME
TI  - Advances in gynecologic radiation oncology.
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Cervix Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Genital Neoplasms, Female/SURGERY/*RADIOTHERAPY
MH  - Human
MH  - Ovarian Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY
MH  - Uterine Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY
MH  - Vaginal Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY
MH  - Vulvar Neoplasms/RADIOTHERAPY
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Curr Opin Oncol
IS  - 1040-8746
JC  - A1V
PG  - 471-477
IP  - 5
VI  - 9
AB  - Radiation therapy is an important modality in the curative and
      palliative management of patients with gynecologic malignancies.
      However, the specific roles of radiation therapy continue to evolve in
      terms of specific indications, volumes treated, techniques, and
      integration with other modalities. Retrospective assessments of outcome
      and prospective clinical trials are necessary to answer questions,
      generate additional hypotheses, and guide further refinements in the
      application of radiation therapy. This article focuses on recent
      literature and ongoing clinical trials in this disease group.
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University School of
      Medicine, Indianapolis 46202, USA.
SO  - Curr Opin Oncol 1997 Sep;9(5):471-477
UI  - 98014507
PM  - 9344556
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shuaib A
AU  - Ijaz MS
AU  - Miyashita H
AU  - Hussain S
AU  - Kanthan R
TI  - GABA and glutamate levels in the substantia nigra reticulata following
      repetitive cerebral ischemia in gerbils.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Brain Damage, Chronic/PATHOLOGY/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Cerebral Ischemia/PATHOLOGY/*METABOLISM/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Convalescence
MH  - Gerbillinae
MH  - Glutamic Acid/*ANALYSIS
MH  - GABA/*ANALYSIS
MH  - Male
MH  - Microdialysis
MH  - Recurrence
MH  - Substantia Nigra/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Time Factors
RN  - 56-86-0 (Glutamic Acid)
RN  - 56-12-2 (GABA)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Exp Neurol
IS  - 0014-4886
JC  - EQF
PG  - 311-315
IP  - 2
VI  - 147
AB  - Repetitive cerebral ischemia produces more severe damage than a similar
      single duration insult. We have previously shown that, in gerbils,
      damage in the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) is seen with repetitive
      insults rather than a single insult. We have also shown that there is a
      progressive decrease in the extracellular GABA in the striatum in the
      days preceding such damage, speculating that a loss of GABA may be in
      part responsible for this damage. This study evaluates the GABA levels
      in the SNr in animals exposed to repetitive ischemic insults. Each
      animal received a total of three ischemic insults of 3-min duration at
      hourly intervals. In vivo microdialysis was carried out to analyze the
      GABA and glutamate dialysate levels on Days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14
      following the ischemic insult. In the control and treated (ischemic)
      animals, there was a significant increase in the GABA levels with the
      introduction of nipecotic acid on Days 1, 3, 5, and 14. However, on Day
      7 there was a significant attenuation in the GABA response to nipecotic
      acid in the treated animals in comparison to the controls. The
      glutamate levels in the treated animals were similar to the control
      animals on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. However, on Day 14 the glutamate levels
      were significantly lower than on previous days. Our experiments for the
      first time measure extracellular glutamate and GABA responses in the
      SNr in animals exposed to repetitive ischemic insults. Our experiments
      show that there is a significant decrease in the GABA concentrations at
      a time when ischemic damage is developing in this region. This confirms
      our hypothesis that a decrease in GABA may be one factor contributing
      to neuronal damage during the period following repetitive ischemic
      insults. Further, the rebound increase in GABA levels on Day 14 with a
      concomitant fall in glutamate levels would indicate that reparative
      processes are still active in the 2 weeks following the insult.
AD  - Department of Medicine, and Saskatchewan Stroke Research Centre,
      University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
SO  - Exp Neurol 1997 Oct;147(2):311-315
UI  - 97468548
PM  - 9327635
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Broussard G
AU  - Bramanti O
AU  - Marchese FM
TI  - Occupational risk and toxicology evaluations of industrial water
      conditioning.
MH  - Corrosion
MH  - Disinfectants/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Human
MH  - Occupational Diseases/PREVENTION & CONTROL/CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Occupational Exposure/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Oxidants/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Safety
MH  - Surface-Active Agents/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - *Water
MH  - Water Softening/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
RN  - 7732-18-5 (Water)
RN  - 0 (Surface-Active Agents)
RN  - 0 (Oxidants)
RN  - 0 (Disinfectants)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Occup Med (Oxf)
IS  - 0962-7480
JC  - A79
PG  - 337-340
IP  - 6
VI  - 47
AB  - This study addresses the chemical and toxicological questions due to
      the wide use of chemical treatment programmes for industrial cooling
      water. First, natural problems encountered in cooling tower systems
      were presented and grouped into three categories: (i) scaling; (ii)
      corrosion and (iii) biofouling. Chemical solutions adopted in
      industrial plants were outlined for each one in order to minimize
      damage and categorized as shut-down, production loss, heat transfer
      reduction, upsets, etc. Above all, the purpose of the work was to
      identify the most dangerous chemicals normally used, which means
      sources of chemical risk for safety workers and their environment;
      thus, symptoms of exposure, prevention measures and protection tools
      are also described.
AD  - Occupational Medicine Institute, University of Messina, Italy.
SO  - Occup Med (Oxf) 1997 Aug;47(6):337-340
UI  - 98005080
PM  - 9345269
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nishiki T
AU  - Shoji-Kasai Y
AU  - Sekiguchi M
AU  - Iwasaki S
AU  - Kumakura K
AU  - Takahashi M
TI  - Comparison of exocytotic mechanisms between acetylcholine- and
      catecholamine-containing vesicles in rat pheochromocytoma cells.
MH  - Acetylcholine/*METABOLISM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/METABOLISM
MH  - Animal
MH  - Calcium/METABOLISM
MH  - Catecholamines/*METABOLISM
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - *Exocytosis
MH  - Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Potassium/METABOLISM
MH  - PC12 Cells
MH  - Rats
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Synaptic Vesicles/*METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 7440-09-7 (Potassium)
RN  - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate)
RN  - 51-84-3 (Acetylcholine)
RN  - 37589-80-3 (Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate))
RN  - 0 (Catecholamines)
DP  - 1997 Oct 9
TA  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun
IS  - 0006-291X
JC  - 9Y8
PG  - 57-62
IP  - 1
VI  - 239
AB  - The molecular mechanisms of exocytosis from two types of secretory
      organelles, synaptic-like microvesicles and secretory vesicles, were
      compared by measuring acetylcholine (ACh) and catecholamine (CA)
      release from a newly isolated PC12 subclone, PC12-C3 which contains a
      high level of Ach. Digitonin-permeabilized PC12-C3 cells released both
      transmitters with similar Ca(2+)-dependency. Ca(2+)-evoked Ach and CA
      release from permeabilized cells were increased in the presence of
      MgATP, suggesting the existence of a MgATP-dependent priming step prior
      to the Ca(2+)-triggered fusion step in both ACh release and CA release.
      The non-hydrolyzable analogue of GTP guanosine 5'-(gamma-
      thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S), produced both ACh and CA release from
      permeabilized cells in the absence of Ca2+. Pretreatment with a phorbol
      ester which activates protein kinase C, potentiated depolarization-
      induced ACh and CA release from unpermeabilized cells. These results
      indicated that exocytosis from two distinct vesicle populations are
      mediated by the same basic molecular mechanisms.
AD  - Mitsubishi Kasei Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
SO  - Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997 Oct 9;239(1):57-62
UI  - 97442855
PM  - 9297786
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hori M
AU  - Kondo H
AU  - Ariyoshi N
AU  - Yamada H
AU  - Oguri K
TI  - Species-specific alteration of hepatic glucose 6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity with coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl: evidence
      for an Ah-receptor-linked mechanism.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Enzyme Induction
MH  - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase/*BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Guinea Pigs
MH  - Liver/ENZYMOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Inbred DBA
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*TOXICITY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - EC 1.1.1.49 (Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Chemosphere
IS  - 0045-6535
JC  - B4D
PG  - 951-958
IP  - 5
VI  - 35
AB  - We examined the in vivo effect of a highly toxic coplanar
      polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) on the hepatic activity of glucose 6-
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) in aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)-responsive
      (C57/BL) and -less-responsive (DBA) strains of mice. The activity in
      the C57BL strain was moderately increased by 3,3',4,4',5-
      pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) in a dose dependent manner. However, this
      was not observed in DBA mice although greater doses were injected.
      2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 52) with a non-planar structure did
      not increase G6PDH activity. The increase in G6PDH activity with PCB
      126 was also seen in rats, but not in guinea pigs. The activity in the
      latter species was decreased rather than increased. These results
      suggest that the induction of hepatic G6PDH by coplanar PCB is mediated
      by a mechanism involving the Ah receptor, and the response was highly
      species-specific.
AD  - Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
SO  - Chemosphere 1997 Sep;35(5):951-958
UI  - 97465265
PM  - 9380946
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Tedesco F
AU  - Pausa M
AU  - Bulla R
AU  - Melazzini S
AU  - Guaschino S
TI  - The maternal-fetal immune relationship in pregnancy.
MH  - Abortion, Habitual/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Decidua/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - HLA Antigens/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - *Immunity, Maternally-Acquired
MH  - Pregnancy/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Pregnancy, Animal/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Trophoblast/IMMUNOLOGY
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Recenti Prog Med
IS  - 0034-1193
JC  - R1T
PG  - 406-414
IP  - 9
VI  - 88
AB  - The mother establishes with the fetus a special interaction in
      pregnancy allowing his normal survival in spite of the different HLA
      antigens. The main factors contributing to these favourable conditions
      for the fetus are an efficient local immunosuppression and the
      formation of a protective barrier between the mother and the fetus. A
      number of substances are responsible for the local immunosuppression
      and include cytokines, prostaglandins, hormones as well as various
      other proteins of pregnancy. In addition, cytokines produced by TH2
      lymphocytes seem to be predominant with respect to those of TH1 cells.
      An effective protection is provided by the trophoblast layer, which not
      only forms a physical barrier between the mother and the fetus but
      evades the immune attack of the mother by expressing inhibitory
      molecules of the complement system and by down regulating the
      expression of HLA antigens. Data obtained from murine models and
      clinical observation in pathological pregnancies suggest that an
      abnormal immune response of the mother against the feto-placental unit
      may be responsible for the occurrence of recurrent spontaneous
      abortions. This is proved by the ability of the partner's lymphocytes
      administered to females in the mouse model prior to mating to reduce
      the incidence of abortions. Unfortunately, similar treatment in women
      with recurrent abortion does not appear to be very effective.
AD  - Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Patologia, Universita, Trieste.
SO  - Recenti Prog Med 1997 Sep;88(9):406-414
UI  - 98007515
PM  - 9347825
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sadikot RT
AU  - Renwick DS
AU  - DaCosta P
AU  - Chalmers AG
AU  - Pearson SB
TI  - Breast metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer.
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*SECONDARY
MH  - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*SECONDARY
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Middle Age
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - South Med J
IS  - 0038-4348
JC  - UVH
PG  - 1063-1064
IP  - 10
VI  - 90
AB  - Breast is an unusual site for metastatic disease, particularly for non-
      small cell lung cancer. We report an unusual case of metastatic breast
      lesions from a primary anaplastic lung tumor and discuss the common and
      uncommon sites of metastasis from lung carcinomas.
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Leeds General Infirmary, England.
SO  - South Med J 1997 Oct;90(10):1063-1064
UI  - 97465058
PM  - 9323766
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Benassi KG
AU  - Cox LA
AU  - Long BW
TI  - Repair of pseudoaneurysms via ultrasound-guided compression.
MH  - Aneurysm, False/*THERAPY/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Catheterization/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Human
MH  - Pressure
MH  - Transducers
MH  - *Ultrasonography, Doppler
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Radiol Technol
IS  - 0033-8397
JC  - QRD
PG  - 55-61
IP  - 1
VI  - 69
AB  - Pseudoaneurysm formation is one of the potential complications of
      arterial catheterization. In the past, surgery was the usual method of
      treatment for pseudoaneurysms. Although surgical repair is still
      indicated in some cases, a noninvasive procedure called ultrasound-
      guided compression repair (UGCR) often can be used instead of surgery.
      During UGCR, an ultrasound transducer is used to apply compression to
      the pseudoaneurysm, causing a clot to form. This article describes the
      UGCR procedure and discusses results that clinicians have attained
      using this method of pseudoaneurysm repair.
AD  - Putnam County Hospital, Greencastle, Ind., USA.
SO  - Radiol Technol 1997 Sep;69(1):55-61
UI  - 97446404
PM  - 9300992
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Stadler RW
AU  - Taylor JA
AU  - Lees RS
TI  - Comparison of B-mode, M-mode and echo-tracking methods for measurement
      of the arterial distension waveform.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Carotid Artery, Common/*ULTRASONOGRAPHY/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Elasticity
MH  - Female
MH  - Fourier Analysis
MH  - Human
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*METHODS
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DP  - 1997
TA  - Ultrasound Med Biol
IS  - 0301-5629
JC  - WNE
PG  - 879-887
IP  - 6
VI  - 23
AB  - Measurements of arterial diameter throughout the cardiac cycle (i.e.,
      the arterial distension waveform) are conducted increasingly to study
      mechanical properties of the arterial wall and changes associated with
      disease. The distension waveform of peripheral arteries can be measured
      noninvasively via ultrasonic echo tracking. M-mode imaging, and B-mode
      imaging. Of these, echo tracking is the most popular method because of
      its single micrometer resolution during continuous measurements under
      ideal conditions. However, high resolution within continuous
      measurements does not imply high reproducibility between measurements.
      Therefore, we compared repeated measurements of the amplitude of common
      carotid artery distension in 26 subjects, obtained sequentially in
      random order by: 1. Off-line echo tracking of digitized radiofrequency
      ultrasound; 2. M-mode imaging with automated edge detection; and 3. 30-
      Hz B-mode imaging with automated edge detection and model-based
      diameter estimation. In each case, the transducer was hand-held and was
      removed from the neck between repeated measurements. The amplitude of
      arterial distension was estimated from the serial diameter measurements
      by maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, by least-squares fit of a
      Fourier series model, and by application of a cubic smoothing spline.
      Within continuous measurements, the standard deviation of the ML
      distension amplitude for neighboring cardiac cycles was significantly
      smaller (p > 0.05) with echo-tracking (0.023 mm) than with the B-mode
      (0.036 mm) or M-mode (0.074 mm) methods. However, between discontinuous
      measurements on the same subject, the standard deviation of the ML
      distension amplitude was similar for the echo-tracking (0.076 mm) and B-
      mode (0.073 mm) methods. The Fourier series model and the cubic
      smoothing spline slightly reduced the standard deviation of the B-mode
      and M-mode distension amplitudes, but also reduced the mean amplitude
      estimate. On the basis of this relative comparison of methods, we
      conclude that, although echo tracking offers high resolution for
      continuous measurements, the reproducibility of discontinuous
      measurements of carotid artery distension is no better with echo
      tracking than can be obtained from 30-Hz B-mode images.
AD  - Boston Heart Foundation, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
SO  - Ultrasound Med Biol 1997 ;23(6):879-887
UI  - 97474383
PM  - 9335407
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Dai SM
AU  - Shan ZZ
AU  - Miao CY
AU  - Yin M
AU  - Su DF
TI  - Hemodynamic responses to endothelin-1 and endothelin antagonists
      microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarius in rats.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Blood Pressure/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Endothelin-1/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Heart Rate/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Hexamethonium/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Microinjections
MH  - Oligopeptides/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred SHR
MH  - Rats, Inbred WKY
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptors, Endothelin/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Solitary Nucleus/PHYSIOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS
RN  - 60-26-4 (Hexamethonium)
RN  - 143037-36-9 (PD 142893)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Endothelin)
RN  - 0 (Oligopeptides)
RN  - 0 (Endothelin-1)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol
IS  - 0160-2446
JC  - K78
PG  - 475-480
IP  - 4
VI  - 30
AB  - The role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) within the nucleus tractus solitarius
      (NTS) in central cardiovascular control was investigated by local
      microinjections of ET-1 and ET-receptor antagonists. In urethane-
      anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, a unilateral microinjection of ET-1
      (1.0, 3.3, and 10.0 pmol) into the NTS significantly increased arterial
      pressure, left ventricular systolic pressure, and dP/dt(max) in a dose-
      dependent manner, and slightly decreased heart rate in a dose-
      independent manner. The pressor effect lasted >90 min. In normotensive
      rats, neither PD147953, a selective ETA-receptor antagonist, nor
      PD142893, a mixed ETA- and ETB-receptor antagonist, microinjected into
      the NTS elicited any changes in arterial pressure or heart rate. The
      pressor and bradycardic effects evoked by microinjection of ET-1 into
      the NTS could be blocked by local pretreatment with PD147953 and
      completely eliminated by intravenous pretreatment with the ganglionic
      blocker hexamethonium. The arterial baroreflex sensitivity was almost
      totally suppressed by microinjection of ET-1 (3.3 pmol) in alpha-
      chloralose-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. A similar pattern of
      changes in the hemodynamic variables was elicited by microinjection of
      ET-1 (3.3 pmol) into the NTS in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs)
      compared with Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In SHRs, microinjection of
      PD142893 did not elicit any changes in arterial pressure or heart rate.
      These results suggest that ET-1 modulates reflex control of
      hemodynamics by activation of autonomic nerve via ETA receptors in the
      NTS, and that the responsiveness of SHRs to ET-1 or PD142893 is similar
      to that of WKY rats.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Second Military
      Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
SO  - J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1997 Oct;30(4):475-480
UI  - 98017791
PM  - 9378510
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Rasgoti S
TI  - Effect of carbon tetrachloride on rat liver, following
      parathyroidectomy: histopathological observations.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Liver/PATHOLOGY/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Male
MH  - Muridae/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Parathyroid Glands/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Parathyroidectomy
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DP  - 1997 May
TA  - Indian J Exp Biol
IS  - 0019-5189
JC  - GIZ
PG  - 443-447
IP  - 5
VI  - 35
AB  - Absence of centrilobular necrosis, cirrhosis and giant hepatic cells
      with a large nucleus were significant observations in the liver of CCl4
      treated rats following unilateral parathyroidectomy. Increased number
      of mitochondria and presence of binucleated cells indicated hepatic
      regeneration in unilaterally parathyroidectomized and CCl4 treated
      rats. Focal necrosis, giant cells and presence of smooth endoplasmic
      reticulum around the nucleus reflect a slight impairment in
      regeneration of the liver following bilateral parathyroidectomy and
      CCl4 administration. The results show that parathyroidectomy interferes
      in the pathogenesis of necrosis and associated lesions in the liver of
      CCl4 treated rats. Overall results indicate that unilateral
      parathyroidectomy afforded better protection than bilateral
      parathyroidectomy.
AD  - Department of Zoology, Ch. C.S. University, Meerut, India.
SO  - Indian J Exp Biol 1997 May;35(5):443-447
UI  - 97474264
PM  - 9335288
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Platzer J
AU  - Sterr W
AU  - Hausmann M
AU  - Schmitt R
TI  - Three genes of a motility operon and their role in flagellar rotary
      speed variation in Rhizobium meliloti.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - DNA Insertion Elements
MH  - Flagella/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Gene Fusion
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Movement
MH  - Mutagenesis, Insertional
MH  - *Operon
MH  - Restriction Mapping
MH  - Rhizobium meliloti/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Signal Peptides
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (Signal Peptides)
RN  - 0 (MotD protein)
RN  - 0 (MotC protein)
RN  - 0 (MotB protein)
RN  - 0 (DNA Insertion Elements)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
SI  - GENBANK/L49337
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Bacteriol
IS  - 0021-9193
JC  - HH3
PG  - 6391-6399
IP  - 20
VI  - 179
AB  - The peritrichous flagella of Rhizobium meliloti rotate only clockwise
      and control directional changes of swimming cells by modulating
      flagellar rotary speed. Using Tn5 insertions, we have identified and
      sequenced a motility (mot) operon containing three genes, motB, motC,
      and motD, that are translationally coupled. The motB gene (and an
      unlinked motA) has been assigned by similarity to the Escherichia coli
      and Bacillus subtilis homologs, whereas motC and motD are new and
      without known precedents in other bacteria. In-frame deletions
      introduced in motB, motC, or motD each result in paralysis. MotD
      function was fully restored by complementation with the wild-type motD
      gene. By contrast, deletions in motB or motC required the native
      combination of motB and motC in trans for restoring normal flagellar
      rotation, whereas complementation with motB or motC alone led to
      uncoordinated (jiggly) swimming. Similarly, a motB-motC gene fusion and
      a Tn5 insertion intervening between motB and motC resulted in jiggly
      swimming as a consequence of large fluctuations in flagellar rotary
      speed. We conclude that MotC biosynthesis requires coordinate
      expression of motB and motC and balanced amounts of the two gene
      products. The MotC polypeptide contains an N-terminal signal sequence
      for export, and Western blots have confirmed its location in the
      periplasm of the R. meliloti cell. A working model suggests that
      interactions between MotB and MotC at the periplasmic surface of the
      motor control the energy flux or the energy coupling that drives
      flagellar rotation.
AD  - Lehrstuhl fur Genetik, Universitat Regensburg, Germany.
SO  - J Bacteriol 1997 Oct;179(20):6391-6399
UI  - 98011201
PM  - 9350135
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ren N
AU  - Song YC
AU  - Bi XZ
AU  - Ding Y
AU  - Liu LH
TI  - The physical location of genes cdc2 and prh1 in maize (Zea mays L.).
MH  - Centromere
MH  - *Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Corn/*GENETICS
MH  - DNA Probes
MH  - Genetic Markers
MH  - Phosphoprotein Phosphatase/*GENETICS
MH  - Protein p34cdc2/*GENETICS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 0 (Protein p34cdc2)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
RN  - 0 (DNA Probes)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.16 (Phosphoprotein Phosphatase)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Hereditas
IS  - 0018-0661
JC  - G6D
PG  - 211-217
IP  - 3
VI  - 126
AB  - A biotin-labelling in situ hybridization technique was first used to
      physically map two single copy genes, cdc2 and prh1, in maize. These
      two genes are metabolically interrelated genes. The full-length cDNA
      clones cdc2ZmA and ZmPPI of genes cdc2 and prh1 were adopted as the
      probes. They are 1.3 and 1.6 kb in size, respectively. Clone cdc2ZmA
      was physically mapped on the long arm of chromosomes 4, 8, and 9. The
      percent distances from centromere to detection site were 57.9 +/- 2.7,
      28.4 +/- 1.5, and 88.2 +/- 3.3. The detection rate was 19.2%. Clone
      ZmPPI was physically mapped on the long arm of chromosomes 4, 6, and 8.
      The percent distances were 53.6 +/- 1.2, 60.8 +/- 2.9 and 17.1 +/- 1.6.
      The detection ratio was 18.5%. The technique of chromosome ISH and the
      relationship between the location and function of these two genes have
      been discussed.
AD  - Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University,
      Wuhan Hubei, People's Republic of China.
SO  - Hereditas 1997 ;126(3):211-217
UI  - 97451491
PM  - 9306444
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Gross ND
AU  - Wilson DJ
AU  - Dailey RA
TI  - Visual hallucinations after enucleation.
MH  - Aged
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Eye Enucleation/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinations/PSYCHOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Postoperative Complications
MH  - Vision Disorders/PSYCHOLOGY/*ETIOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg
IS  - 0740-9303
JC  - AY2
PG  - 221-225
IP  - 3
VI  - 13
AB  - Visual phenomena are frequently reported in patients after ocular
      trauma, surgery or progressive visual degeneration. In particular,
      hallucinations are often seen by patients following enucleation.
      Whereas these visions can be verbally described to the physician, they
      can never actually be seen. This article focuses on the case of a
      female artist who experienced visual hallucinations after enucleation
      of her dominant right eye. In addition to her verbal descriptions, she
      was able to express these hallucinations visually on canvas. Her case
      offers insight to caregivers about the nature of visual hallucinations
      in patients with similar experiences. A review of the general
      characteristics and etiologies of such visual phenomena is also
      included.
AD  - Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201,
      USA.
SO  - Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 1997 Sep;13(3):221-225
UI  - 98007362
PM  - 9347706
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Holstein M
TI  - Reflections on death and dying.
MH  - Advance Directives
MH  - *Death
MH  - Human
MH  - Physician-Patient Relations
MH  - Physician's Role
MH  - Sociology, Medical
MH  - Terminal Care
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Acad Med
IS  - 1040-2446
JC  - ACM
PG  - 848-855
IP  - 10
VI  - 72
AB  - Americans simultaneously worry about dying and about being tethered to
      machines that keep them alive beyond a point when life has any meaning.
      People living with terminal illness often feel isolated from life
      around them and a burden on those they love; they feel uncertain that
      their deaths will be relatively free of pain and suffering and that
      their dignity will be compromised as little as possible. These failings
      can be remedied. Traditional hospice care and integrating palliative
      care into the general medical setting are important, but they cannot
      alone occasion a better dying. The medical community must re-imagine
      dying and reflect about ways to transform image into reality in
      practice and in training colleagues and successors. Physicians and
      others know how to provide care and even improve living when cure is
      unlikely; the harder task is to respect such care as profoundly as
      curing. The exigencies of modern medicine, where time is a budgetable
      commodity, makes caring well for dying patients difficult. Medicine
      cannot have hegemony over dying and cannot singularly offer people a
      better death, but it cannot absent itself either. The almost single-
      minded focus on decision making that has infused conversations about
      dying and death may divert attention from the attentiveness and loving
      relationships that are as vital as life's end as at its beginning.
      Medicine has "colonized" death: It has transformed it into a place
      where progress in staving it off may appear to be unlimited, and thus
      it encourages forgetting that death is part of the human condition. The
      task before medicine, and academic medicine in particular, is to
      transform death back into a human scale. With all that is available to
      delay death--but not to make it optional--the most important task is to
      recover humbleness before an awesome moment and be with the patient,
      one human being to another, knowing that dying is not always open to
      solutions.
AD  - Park Ridge Center for the Study of Health, Faith, and Ethics, Chicago,
      Illinois 60611-3215, USA. martha@prchfe.org
SO  - Acad Med 1997 Oct;72(10):848-855
UI  - 97440483
PM  - 9376763
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Elaeva NL
AU  - Predtechenskii MB
AU  - Kul'bitskii GN
AU  - Babaina EV
AU  - Trefilov VV
TI  - The pharmacokinetic interaction of cholinolytics and cholinesterase
      reactivators as a reflection of the modulation of their binding in
      blood plasma and in brain tissue.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Brain/*METABOLISM
MH  - Brain Chemistry
MH  - Carbon Radioisotopes
MH  - Cholinergic Antagonists/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/ANALYSIS
MH  - Cholinesterase Reactivators/THERAPEUTIC USE/*PHARMACOKINETICS/ANALYSIS
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Chromatography, Thin Layer
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Insecticides, Organophosphate/POISONING
MH  - Male
MH  - Plasma/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Poisoning/METABOLISM/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Radioligand Assay
MH  - Rats
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Trichlorfon/POISONING
MH  - Tritium
RN  - 52-68-6 (Trichlorfon)
RN  - 10028-17-8 (Tritium)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides, Organophosphate)
RN  - 0 (Cholinesterase Reactivators)
RN  - 0 (Cholinergic Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Carbon Radioisotopes)
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Eksp Klin Farmakol
IS  - 0869-2092
JC  - BMO
PG  - 64-67
IP  - 4
VI  - 60
AB  - Radioligand assay showed that the cholinesterase (ChE) reactivators
      dipiroxime and benzyxime, but not carboxime, modulate selective
      absorption of some cholinolytics (tributam, pediphen, aprophen) in rat
      brain. Significant suppression of the specific binding of muscarine
      antagonists was recorded after chlorophos (2.LD50) intoxication. Under
      such conditions, the ChE reactivators induce increase in the number of
      binding sites and in the parameters of the constant of cholinolytic
      absorption on the brain membranes. It was also established by
      equilibrium dialysis that the binding of cholinolytics in blood plasma
      under the effect of ChE reactivators is reduced, leading to
      redistribution of their free and bound fractures, which is most
      favorable for tissue sorption.
SO  - Eksp Klin Farmakol 1997 Jul;60(4):64-67
UI  - 97408544
PM  - 9263063
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Crissey SD
AU  - Swanson JA
AU  - Lintzenich BA
AU  - Brewer BA
AU  - Slifka KA
TI  - Use of a raw meat-based diet or a dry kibble diet for sand cats (Felis
      margarita).
MH  - Animal
MH  - Animal Feed/STANDARDS
MH  - Beta Carotene/ANALYSIS
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Calcium/BLOOD
MH  - Carnivora/*PHYSIOLOGY/METABOLISM/GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Diet/*VETERINARY
MH  - Dietary Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Digestion/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Energy Intake/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Energy Metabolism/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - *Meat/ANALYSIS
MH  - Phosphorus/BLOOD
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Taurine/BLOOD
MH  - Vitamin A/BLOOD
RN  - 7723-14-0 (Phosphorus)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 7235-40-7 (Beta Carotene)
RN  - 11103-57-4 (Vitamin A)
RN  - 107-35-7 (Taurine)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - J Anim Sci
IS  - 0021-8812
JC  - HC7
PG  - 2154-2160
IP  - 8
VI  - 75
AB  - Limited information is available on the utilization of different types
      of diets by captive exotic felid species. Utilization of diets by small
      exotic felids may differ depending on the diet fed. Eight sand cats
      (Felis margarita), which are small, 2- to 4-kg cats, were used to
      examine the digestibility of two types of diets: a raw meat-based diet
      and a dry kibble diet. Dry matter, crude protein and energy intakes and
      digestibilities were evaluated. Digestibilities for dry matter, energy,
      and crude protein were 83.5 +/- 4.8, 89.6 +/- 5.2, 92.4 +/- 5.3% for
      the raw meat-based diet and 72.7 +/- 12.3, 76.8 +/- 14.5, and 77.9 +/-
      13.5% for the kibble diet. Physiological variables also were examined
      and included plasma taurine, vitamin A, retinyl palmitate, beta-
      carotene, calcium, and phosphorus. Plasma taurine means were 91.4 +/-
      8.4 mumol/L in cats consuming the raw meat-based diet and 248.0 +/-
      23.2 mumol/L in cats consuming the kibble diet. Plasma phosphorus was
      5.2 +/- .1 and 4.5 +/- .1 mg/dL, respectively, in cats consuming raw
      meat-based and kibble diets. beta-Carotene was 25.2 +/- 2.9 and 2.9 +/-
      .3 micrograms/dL, respectively, for cats consuming the raw meat-based
      and kibble diets. These results indicate that diets formulated for
      small captive exotic felid species should be evaluated with respect to
      diet type and nutrient utilization.
AD  - Daniel F. & Ada L. Rice Conservation Biology and Research Center,
      Chicago Zoological Society, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA.
SO  - J Anim Sci 1997 Aug;75(8):2154-2160
UI  - 97457618
PM  - 9311427
PT  - COMMENT
AU  - Exner CE
TI  - Clinical interpretation of "In-hand manipulation in young children:
      translation movements".
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Development/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Laterality/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Motor Skills/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Occupational Therapy
MH  - Patient Care Planning
MH  - Psychomotor Disorders/REHABILITATION/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Reference Values
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am J Occup Ther
IS  - 0272-9490
JC  - 3O4
PG  - 729-732
IP  - 9
VI  - 51
AB  - As a result of their study, Pehoski et al. (1997) have contributed to
      our knowledge of the development of in-hand manipulation skills in
      young children. Although knowledge of skill development in children who
      are typically developing must be applied with caution to children with
      disabilities, information about normal development provides us with at
      least the basis for evaluation and treatment planning. Children with
      moderate and severe problems with hand skills are very unlikely to be
      appropriate candidates for intervention for in-hand manipulation
      skills, but children with mild disabilities may be easier for the
      therapies to identify when using these data on developmental trends and
      descriptions of strategies for execution of in-hand manipulation
      skills. Such identification has the potential to lead to intervention
      that can positively influence the child's performance of a variety of
      functional tasks that rely on these skills.
AD  - Occupational Therapy Department, Towson University, Maryland 21252-
      7097, USA.
SO  - Am J Occup Ther 1997 Oct;51(9):729-732
UI  - 97464791
PM  - 9323504
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Raj DS
AU  - Tobe S
AU  - Saiphoo C
AU  - Manuel MA
TI  - Quantitating dialysis using two dialysate samples: a simple, practical
      and accurate approach for evaluating urea kinetics.
MH  - Blood Specimen Collection
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Dialysis Solutions/*ANALYSIS
MH  - Female
MH  - *Hemodialysis
MH  - Human
MH  - Kidney Failure, Chronic/*THERAPY/BLOOD
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Urea/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*ANALYSIS
RN  - 57-13-6 (Urea)
RN  - 0 (Dialysis Solutions)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Int J Artif Organs
IS  - 0391-3988
JC  - GQO
PG  - 422-427
IP  - 8
VI  - 20
AB  - Urea kinetics is now widely used to determine the adequacy of dialysis.
      Several simplified formulae are currently in use but only a few have
      been accepted into clinical practice because of their simplicity and
      ease of calculation. A recent analysis of these formulae showed that
      for the same set of blood urea values the calculated Kt/V can range
      from 1.0 to 1.5. We have developed a new dialysate-based method (2DSM)
      to estimate the urea kinetic parameters using dialysate and blood
      samples taken at the beginning and at the end of dialysis. The total
      urea removed (TUR) was calculated from the geometric mean of the two
      dialysate samples, dialysate flow rate and the duration of dialysis.
      The Watson formula was used to determine the volume of distribution of
      urea. A comparison of the 2DSM and the direct dialysate quantification
      (DDQ) method showed the following results (mean +/- sd, n = 52): for
      total urea removal (TUR) 697 +/- 32 vs 722 +/- 37 mmol (p = 0.6, r2 =
      0.928, y = 101 + 0.83 x, mean difference 25 +/- 76 mmol, see Bland-
      Altman plot), dialysate urea concentration (Durea) 5.55 +/- 0.25 vs
      5.75 +/- 0.29 mmol/l (p = 0.6, r2 = 0.928, y = 0.8 + 0.82 x, mean
      difference 0.2 +/- 0.6 mmol, see Bland-Altman plot), dialyser clearance
      (K) 232 +/- 4.4 vs 235 +/- 5.6 ml/min (p = 0.54), Kt/V 1.42 +/- 0.04 vs
      1.51 +/- 0.04 (p = 0.21), volume of distribution of urea (Vd) 40.14 +/-
      1.04 vs 38.74 +/- 1.2 L, (p = 0.38), and PCR 64.6 +/- 2.6 vs 68.1 +/-
      3.1 g/day. We have developed a simple method of determining dialysate-
      based urea kinetics which requires two dialysate samples, one at the
      beginning and one at the end of dialysis and a blood sample at the
      midpoint of dialysis. TUR can be calculated using the dialysate flow
      rate and the dialysis duration and once this is known all the other
      kinetic parameters can be calculated.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, University of
      Toronto, Ontario.
SO  - Int J Artif Organs 1997 Aug;20(8):422-427
UI  - 98008978
PM  - 9344906
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Lee YH
AU  - Schwartz MD
AU  - Panganiban AT
TI  - The HIV-1 matrix domain of Gag is required for Vpu responsiveness
      during particle release.
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Gene Deletion
MH  - Gene Products, gag/*METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Gene Products, vpu/*METABOLISM
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Human
MH  - HIV-1/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Viral Proteins/METABOLISM
MH  - Virion/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Virus Replication/*PHYSIOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, vpu)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, gag)
DP  - 1997 Oct 13
TA  - Virology
IS  - 0042-6822
JC  - XEA
PG  - 46-55
IP  - 1
VI  - 237
AB  - HIV-1 viral protein U (Vpu) facilitates virus particle release. To
      determine whether Gag is sufficient for generation of a target for Vpu-
      mediated particle release, we expressed HIV-1 Gag protein in the
      absence of the other viral genes. The resulting particles were still
      Vpu responsive. Mutational analysis of Gag indicated that the matrix
      domain (MA) is required for Vpu responsiveness. However, additional
      mutations in other domains of Gag, which affect the formation of stable
      virus particles, also abrogate Vpu responsiveness on total Gag release.
      Coexpression of the wild-type gag gene and a gag mutant lacking the MA
      domain renders the MA- mutant Vpu responsive. This indicates that Gag
      molecules lacking MA are still incorporated into particles through
      association with wild-type Gag molecules and that the resulting
      composite particles are sufficient for Vpu-mediated exit. Copyright
      1997 Academic Press.
AD  - McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical
      School, 1400 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
SO  - Virology 1997 Oct 13;237(1):46-55
UI  - 97412867
PM  - 9267510
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Erskine RJ
AU  - Bartlett PC
AU  - Herdt T
AU  - Gaston P
TI  - Effects of parenteral administration of vitamin E on health of
      periparturient dairy cows.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cattle Diseases/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Endometritis/VETERINARY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Mastitis, Bovine/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Placenta, Retained/VETERINARY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Puerperal Disorders/*VETERINARY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Vitamin E/*THERAPEUTIC USE/BLOOD/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
RN  - 1406-18-4 (Vitamin E)
DP  - 1997 Aug 15
TA  - J Am Vet Med Assoc
IS  - 0003-1488
JC  - HAV
PG  - 466-469
IP  - 4
VI  - 211
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of administration of vitamin E (D-
      alpha-tocopherol) on the incidence of retained placenta, metritis, and
      clinical mastitis during early lactation and on tocopherol
      concentrations. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled study.
      ANIMALS: 420 Holstein cows. PROCEDURE: Vitamin E (3,000 mg, IM, once)
      was administered to 204 cows B to 14 days before expected parturition,
      and 216 control cows were not treated. The number of cows that had
      retained placenta, metritis, clinical mastitis, displaced abomasum, and
      clinically apparent acetonemia or hypocalcemia were recorded. Serum
      concentrations of tocopherol, the tocopherol:cholesterol ratio, and
      glutathione-peroxidase activity were determined from samples obtained
      before administration of vitamin E, 7 and 14 days after administration,
      and at 30 days after parturition from 36 treated and 36 control cows.
      RESULTS: Administration of vitamin E significantly decreased the
      incidence of retained placenta and metritis (13/204 [6.4%] and 8/204:
      [3.9%], respectively, for the vitamin E-treated group; 27/216 [12.5%]
      and 19/ 216 [8.8%], respectively, for the untreated group) but did not
      affect the incidence of clinical mastitis. Serum vitamin E
      concentration was significantly higher in treated than in control
      cattle at 7 and 14 days after administration, but serum tocopherol:
      cholesterol ratio was significantly higher only at 7 days after
      administration. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Parenteral administration of a
      single injection of vitamin E before parturition may decrease the
      incidence of retained placenta and metritis in dairy cows but will
      increase serum concentrations for 7 to 14 days after administration.
AD  - Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary
      Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
SO  - J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997 Aug 15;211(4):466-469
UI  - 97465243
PM  - 9377678
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Kleba T
TI  - Early and late complications after surgical gastric resection for
      peptic ulcer.
MH  - Anastomosis, Surgical/METHODS
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastrectomy
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Postoperative Complications/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*EPIDEMIOLOGY
MH  - Stomach Ulcer/*SURGERY
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Vagotomy
DP  - 1997 May
TA  - Pol Merkuriusz Lek
IS  - 1426-9686
JC  - CTL
PG  - 313-314
IP  - 11
VI  - 2
AB  - For evaluating early and late complications after partial gastrectomy
      in gastric and duodenal ulcer, performed in 1976-92 years, was
      investigated 585 patients. The surgery was carry out mutables Rydygier
      and Billroth-2 methods. The smallest complications early and late found
      after the operations Finney-Haberer and Billroth-2 with Braun
      anastomosis and vagotomy.
AD  - Oddzialu Chirurgicznego Szpitala w Jasle.
SO  - Pol Merkuriusz Lek 1997 May;2(11):313-314
UI  - 97463413
PM  - 9322197
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ward WG
AU  - Johnston-Jones K
AU  - Lowenbraun S
AU  - Dorey F
AU  - Rosen G
AU  - Eckardt JJ
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis and infection resistance of massive tumor
      endoprostheses during chemotherapy.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Antibiotic Prophylaxis
MH  - Antibiotics, Combined/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Bone Neoplasms/*SURGERY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Fractures, Spontaneous/*SURGERY
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Neutropenia/IMMUNOLOGY/CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Prosthesis-Related Infections/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Surgical Wound Infection/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Combined)
DP  - 1997
TA  - J South Orthop Assoc
IS  - 1059-1052
JC  - B95
PG  - 180-185
IP  - 3
VI  - 6
AB  - Fifty-five consecutively treated patients with malignant bone tumors
      had preoperative and postoperative chemotherapy by one oncologist.
      These same patients had massive bone resection and cemented
      endoprosthetic bone replacement by one orthopaedic oncologist. Despite
      143 instances of documented fever and/or neutropenia in 45 of these 55
      patients, no known deep periprosthetic infections developed in any
      patient during follow-up (mean, 29.4 months; median, 25 months; range,
      5 months to 62 months). Broad spectrum antibiotics had been
      administered in at least 118 instances to these patients (intravenously
      in hospital, 9 times to 7 patients; intravenously at home, 38 times to
      18 patients; and orally at home, 71 times to 26 patients). This study
      confirms the low infection rate of these massive endoprostheses,
      despite neutropenic and/or febrile episodes if the patient is given
      prophylactic broad spectrum antibiotics during the episodes. We support
      the continued use of massive endoprostheses for bone reconstruction in
      patients requiring chemotherapy.
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of
      Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1070, USA.
SO  - J South Orthop Assoc 1997 ;6(3):180-185
UI  - 97444562
PM  - 9299752
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Porro AM
AU  - Yoshioka MC
AU  - Kaminski SK
AU  - Palmeira M do C
AU  - Fischman O
AU  - Alchorne MM
TI  - Disseminated dermatophytosis caused by Microsporum gypseum in two
      patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
MH  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antifungal Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Dermatomycoses/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Female
MH  - Hand Dermatoses/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - *Microsporum
MH  - Onychomycosis/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Piperazines/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Skin/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Triazoles/THERAPEUTIC USE
RN  - 0 (Triazoles)
RN  - 0 (Piperazines)
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Mycopathologia
IS  - 0301-486X
JC  - NO4
PG  - 9-12
IP  - 1
VI  - 137
AB  - Microsporum gypseum is not a common agent of human dermatophytosis. To
      the best of our knowledge, this fungus has not been described in human
      immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. We report a tinea
      corporis infection with atypical presentation caused by M. gypseum in
      two patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) studied
      at the Sao Paulo Hospital (Sao Paulo, Brazil).
AD  - Departamento de Dermatologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina,
      Univerisidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Brazil.
SO  - Mycopathologia 1997 ;137(1):9-12
UI  - 97410656
PM  - 9377115
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Perez Carmona NJ
AU  - Garcia MA
AU  - Fuentes Rejon T
TI  - Serous otitis media. Comparative study of carbinoxamine-
      pseudoephedrine vs astemizole-pseudoephedrine.
MH  - Astemizole/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Ephedrine/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Female
MH  - Histamine H1 Antagonists/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE
      EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Human
MH  - Hyperkinesis/CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Male
MH  - Nasal Decongestants/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION &
      DOSAGE
MH  - Otitis Media with Effusion/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Pyridines/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Sleep Stages
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RN  - 68844-77-9 (Astemizole)
RN  - 486-16-8 (carbinoxamine)
RN  - 299-42-3 (Ephedrine)
RN  - 0 (Pyridines)
RN  - 0 (Nasal Decongestants)
RN  - 0 (Histamine H1 Antagonists)
DP  - 1997 May
TA  - Rev Alerg Mex
JC  - B47
PG  - 70-73
IP  - 3
VI  - 44
AB  - They were studied 48 children of 3 to 8 years old, of two sex (30 male
      and 18 female), that attended the external service of otolaryngology of
      the Hospital of the ISSSTE of Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas (Mexico) and the
      private practice of the Allergy Clinic and Otolaringol in Nuevo Laredo,
      Tamaulipas, of the month of November of 1995 to April of 1996. Some of
      the side effects observed in the patients treated in the group A
      (carbinoxamine-P) were: mild sedation and in some instances
      hyperexcitability and irritability. However, it was not necessary to
      discontinue the medication or to modify the dose. In the group B
      (astemizole-P) was observed only excitement and irritability in some
      instances by hypersensitivity to the pseudoephedrine. It is very
      important to consider that the adequate and timely treatment in a
      patient with otitis serous media will permit to avoid sequels that they
      can cause, in the long run, a meaningful impact in the language and
      intellectual development of the child.
AD  - Pediatra alergologa, Hospital San Jose, Nuevo Laredo, Tamps.
SO  - Rev Alerg Mex 1997 May;44(3):70-73
UI  - 98021187
PM  - 9379424
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Yoshida H
AU  - Fujita S
AU  - Nishida M
AU  - Iizuka T
TI  - Immunohistochemical distribution of lymph capillaries and blood
      capillaries in the synovial membrane in cases of internal derangement
      of the temporomandibular joint.
MH  - von Willebrand Factor/ANALYSIS
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Capillaries/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Collagen/ANALYSIS
MH  - Dislocations/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Hyperplasia
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Lymphatic System/*PATHOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Osteoarthritis/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Synovial Membrane/*PATHOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Synovitis/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Temporomandibular Joint/PATHOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Temporomandibular Joint Disk/*PATHOLOGY/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/PATHOLOGY
RN  - 9007-34-5 (Collagen)
RN  - 0 (von Willebrand Factor)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - J Oral Pathol Med
IS  - 0904-2512
JC  - JRF
PG  - 356-361
IP  - 8
VI  - 26
AB  - The distribution of lymph capillaries and blood capillaries in the
      synovial membrane was examined immunohistologically with anti-human
      collagen IV antibody and anti-human von Willebrand factor in 26 human
      temporomandibular joint (TMJ) samples comprising discs with adjoining
      synovial membrane from 10 control TMJs and from 16 TMJs with internal
      derangement. Three different distribution types were observed in the
      synovial membrane. In the control samples, the occurrence of blood
      capillaries and lymph capillaries was rare. In mildly hyperplastic
      synovitis, lymph capillaries were observed just beneath the surface of
      the synovial membrane, whereas blood capillaries occurred in a little
      deeper layer of the synovial membrane. In a severely hyperplastic
      synovitis, both lymph and blood capillaries were observed frequently.
      The present results suggest that the different distribution patterns of
      lymph capillaries and blood capillaries reflect the degree of synovitis
      but can not be attributed to specific clinical symptoms.
AD  - Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,
      Kyoto University, Japan.
SO  - J Oral Pathol Med 1997 Sep;26(8):356-361
UI  - 98006560
PM  - 9347012
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Steinmetz J
AU  - Caces E
AU  - Couderc R
AU  - Beucler I
AU  - Legrand A
AU  - Henny J
TI  - Reference values of apolipoproteins A1 and B. Contribution of
      international standardization. Travail collaboratif entre la SFBC,
      l'Arcol et le SFRL.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Apolipoprotein A-I/*STANDARDS/BLOOD
MH  - Apolipoproteins B/*STANDARDS/BLOOD
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - *International Cooperation
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Reference Standards
MH  - Reference Values
RN  - 0 (Apolipoproteins B)
RN  - 0 (Apolipoprotein A-I)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Ann Biol Clin (Paris)
IS  - 0003-3898
JC  - 4ZS
PG  - 451-454
IP  - 5
VI  - 55
AB  - The utilization of two WHO reference materials, liquid and lyophilized,
      permitted international standardization of apolipoprotein measurements.
      We report here the results of a collaborative study between Arcol, SFBC
      and SFRL in order to establish reference ranges for apo A1 and B on
      nine standardized systems. A population of 1027 men and women supposed
      healthy, 4 to 60 year old, have been selected in two Centers for
      Preventive Medicine. The serum samples were aliquoted frozen at -20
      degrees C the day of sampling and analysed by the manufacturers with
      IFCC standardized calibrants. A specific quality control was performed
      using a frozen pool of sera. For apo A1, the centile 2.5 of the
      reference population varies from 1.04 to 1.16 g/l. The range values for
      the centile 97.5 varies from 1.87 to 2.24 g/l. For apoB, the centile
      2.5 varies from 0.43 to 0.57 g/l, and the centile 97.5 from 1.30 to
      1.39 g/l. Only one system has a problem of dispersion with an upper
      limit equal to 1.20 g/l. These results improve that international
      standardization allowed actually a good comparability of the results,
      especially for apoB.
AD  - Laboratoire du Centre de medecine preventive, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy.
SO  - Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1997 Sep;55(5):451-454
UI  - 97460961
PM  - 9315328
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Behne D
AU  - Kyriakopoulos A
AU  - Kalcklosch M
AU  - Weiss-Nowak C
AU  - Pfeifer H
AU  - Gessner H
AU  - Hammel C
TI  - Two new selenoproteins found in the prostatic glandular epithelium and
      in the spermatid nuclei.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Cell Nucleus/*METABOLISM
MH  - Epithelial Cells/METABOLISM
MH  - Male
MH  - Prostate/*METABOLISM
MH  - Proteins/METABOLISM/*ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Rats
MH  - Spermatids/*METABOLISM
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (selenoproteins)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Biomed Environ Sci
IS  - 0895-3988
JC  - AHX
PG  - 340-345
IP  - 2-3
VI  - 10
AB  - After labeling of rats in vivo with 75Se and protein separation by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis more than 25
      Se-containing bands could be distinguished. Of those proteins which
      were detected only in certain compartments and might therefore have
      tissue-specific functions, two were chosen for detailed investigation.
      A 15 kDa-protein was found in the prostatic epithelium where it
      accounted for about two thirds of the protein-bound 75Se. It was mainly
      present in the cytosol but was not released into the prostatic
      secretion. After gel chromatography it was found in the fraction which
      contained proteins with molecular masses of about 300 kDa. Using two-
      dimensional electrophoresis a pI-value of about 4.5 was determined. In
      the testis a specific Se-containing 34 kDa-protein was observed which
      appeared after the onset of puberty. It was localized in the spermatid
      nuclei where it contained about 80% of the Se tracer present and was
      found to be bound to the DNA. After extraction it partly disintegrated
      into a 20 kDa-protein. Both compounds contain Se in the form of
      selenocysteine. The fact that their formation had priority over that of
      glutathione peroxidase during insufficient Se intake is an indication
      of their biological significance. Special interest in the prostatic
      epithelial selenoprotein derives from a possible inverse relationship
      between the Se status and the incidence of prostate cancer observed in
      epidemiological studies, whereas with the 34 kDa-selenoprotein its
      appearance during the condensation phase of the spermatid nuclei might
      suggest its participation in some processes of sperm maturation.
AD  - Hahn-Meitner-Institut Berlin, Department Trace Elements in Health and
      Nutrition, Germany.
SO  - Biomed Environ Sci 1997 Sep;10(2-3):340-345
UI  - 98001241
PM  - 9341945
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ojima K
AU  - Takeda M
AU  - Saiki C
AU  - Takahashi T
AU  - Matsumoto S
TI  - Angioarchitectural classification of the fungiform papillae on the
      dorsal surface of the bullfrog tongue.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Capillaries/ULTRASTRUCTURE
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Microcirculation/*ULTRASONOGRAPHY
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Models, Structural
MH  - Rana catesbeiana/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Tongue/*BLOOD SUPPLY/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Anat Anz
IS  - 0003-2786
JC  - 4PE
PG  - 393-397
IP  - 5
VI  - 179
AB  - In this study, the three-dimensional anatomy of the microvascular
      structure of fungiform papillae (FuP) on the dorsal surface of the
      bullfrog tongue has been investigated using scanning electron
      microscopy (SEM), and angioarchitectural classification has been
      carried out by means of the capillary loop (L. s) and intra-bridge
      structure (I. b). FuP from 30 sound bullfrog tongues were used. The
      following research methods were applied: SEM observation on
      microvascular cast specimens (MVCS) of bullfrog tongue's FuP were
      injected with synthetic resin (Mercox). Observation of MVSC showed that
      the bullfrog tongue FuP consisted of an ascending branch (A. b), L. s,
      I. b and a descending branch (D. b). Based upon SEM observations of
      MVCS, FuP can be classified into four types: A, B, C, D types according
      to A. b, L. s, I. b and D. b. A-type (none I. b) formed from A. b, L.
      s, D. b only and with no I. b. B-type (one I. b) consisted of A. b, L.
      s, D. b and one I. b. C-type (two I. b) were composed of A. b, L. s, D.
      b and two I. b. D-type (three I. b) were composed of A. b, L. s, D. b
      and three I. b, A. b, L. s, I. b and D. b on each. A, B, C, D types
      were all same thickness.
AD  - Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, Nippon Dental
      University, Japan.
SO  - Anat Anz 1997 Oct;179(5):393-397
UI  - 98018696
PM  - 9378660
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shyr LJ
AU  - Herrera H
AU  - Haaker R
TI  - A prioritization and analysis strategy for environmental surveillance
      results.
MH  - Cesium Radioisotopes/ANALYSIS
MH  - Conservation of Natural Resources/*METHODS
MH  - Environmental Pollution/*PREVENTION & CONTROL
MH  - Government Agencies
MH  - Metals/ANALYSIS
MH  - New Mexico
MH  - *Radiation Protection
MH  - Soil Pollutants/ANALYSIS
MH  - Soil Pollutants, Radioactive/*ANALYSIS
MH  - Tritium/ANALYSIS
MH  - United States
RN  - 10028-17-8 (Tritium)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants, Radioactive)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 0 (Cesium Radioisotopes)
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Health Phys
IS  - 0017-9078
JC  - G2H
PG  - 826-830
IP  - 5
VI  - 73
AB  - DOE facilities are required to conduct environmental surveillance to
      verify that facility operations are operated within the approved risk
      envelope and have not caused undue risk to the public and the
      environment. Given a reduced budget, a strategy for analyzing
      environmental surveillance data was developed to set priorities for
      sampling needs. The radiological and metal data collected at Sandia
      National Laboratories, New Mexico, were used to demonstrate the
      analysis strategy. Sampling locations were prioritized for further
      investigation and the needs for routine sampling. The process of data
      management, analysis, prioritization, and presentation has been
      automated through a custom-designed computer tool. Data collected over
      years can be analyzed and summarized in a short table format for
      prioritization and decision making.
AD  - Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-0748, USA.
SO  - Health Phys 1997 Nov;73(5):826-830
UI  - 98021946
PM  - 9380039
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Vicent GP
AU  - Monteserin MC
AU  - Veleiro AS
AU  - Burton G
AU  - Lantos CP
AU  - Galigniana MD
TI  - 21-Hydroxy-6,19-oxidoprogesterone: a novel synthetic steroid with
      specific antiglucocorticoid properties in the rat.
MH  - Aldosterone/METABOLISM
MH  - Androstanols/METABOLISM
MH  - Animal
MH  - Kidney/METABOLISM
MH  - Male
MH  - Progesterone/PHARMACOLOGY/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Receptors, Glucocorticoid/METABOLISM/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/METABOLISM
MH  - Spironolactone/METABOLISM/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Thymus Gland/METABOLISM
MH  - Transcortin/METABOLISM
MH  - Tritium
RN  - 9010-38-2 (Transcortin)
RN  - 84542-26-7 (ZK 91587)
RN  - 74915-64-3 (RU 28362)
RN  - 57-83-0 (Progesterone)
RN  - 52-39-1 (Aldosterone)
RN  - 52-01-7 (Spironolactone)
RN  - 10028-17-8 (Tritium)
RN  - 0 (21-hydroxy-6,19-oxidoprogesterone)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Mineralocorticoid)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glucocorticoid)
RN  - 0 (Androstanols)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Mol Pharmacol
IS  - 0026-895X
JC  - NGR
PG  - 749-753
IP  - 4
VI  - 52
AB  - In the rat, the conformationally highly bent steroid 21-hydroxy-6, 19-
      oxidoprogesterone efficiently displaces [3H]corticosterone from thymus-
      glucocorticoid receptors and blocks type II receptors in kidney
      cytosols but competes with neither [3H]aldosterone for kidney-
      mineralocorticoid receptors nor [3H]progesterone for uterus-
      progesterone receptors. It evokes Na+ retention only at very high doses
      (approximately 100 microg/100 g of rat weight) and is unable to induce
      tyrosine aminotransferase or to increase glycogen deposits in rat
      liver. When coincubated with corticosterone or dexamethasone, 2.5
      microM 21OH-6OP inhibits 80% of tyrosine aminotransferase induction. It
      may therefore be used experimentally as an antiglucocorticoid virtually
      lacking mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid properties as well as
      affinity for mineralocorticoid or progesterone receptors.
AD  - Departamentos de Quimica Biologica, Universidad de Buenos Aires and
      PRHOM-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas,
      Ciudad Universitaria, (1428) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
SO  - Mol Pharmacol 1997 Oct;52(4):749-753
UI  - 97434555
PM  - 9288441
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Yatham LN
AU  - Kusumakar V
AU  - Parikh SV
AU  - Haslam DR
AU  - Matte R
AU  - Sharma V
AU  - Kennedy S
TI  - Bipolar depression: treatment options.
MH  - Antidepressive Agents/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Bipolar Disorder/PSYCHOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Depressive Disorder/PSYCHOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Electroconvulsive Therapy
MH  - Human
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RN  - 0 (Antidepressive Agents)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Can J Psychiatry
IS  - 0706-7437
JC  - CLR
PG  - 87S-91S
VI  - 42
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To review studies on treatments for bipolar depression and
      make recommendations for practising clinicians treating patients with
      bipolar depression. METHOD: Studies that examined various treatments
      for bipolar depression were evaluated and rated for evidence of
      efficacy using Periodic Health Examination criteria. The rating for
      classification of recommendation for an intervention was made taking
      both the efficacy and the side effects into consideration. RESULTS:
      Mood stabilizers, cyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors
      (MAOIs), and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) are all effective in
      treating bipolar depression. Almost all antidepressant treatments with
      the exception of mood stabilizers have been reported to induce a manic-
      hypomanic switch and rapid cycling. CONCLUSIONS: Mood stabilizers,
      lithium in particular, are recommended as the first-line treatment.
      Addition of a second mood stabilizer or a cyclic antidepressant would
      be an appropriate next step. Newer agents such as lamotrigine offer
      considerable promise in treating bipolar depressed patients.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver.
      yatham@unixg.ubc.ca
SO  - Can J Psychiatry 1997 Aug;42:87S-91S
UI  - 97372311
PM  - 9228551
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Chao J
AU  - Chao L
TI  - Kallikrein gene therapy: a new strategy for hypertensive diseases.
MH  - beta-Galactosidase/METABOLISM
MH  - Animal
MH  - Blood Pressure/PHYSIOLOGY/GENETICS/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Cytomegalovirus/GENETICS
MH  - DNA, Viral/METABOLISM/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/GENETICS
MH  - *Gene Therapy
MH  - Genes, Reporter/GENETICS
MH  - Genetic Vectors/GENETICS
MH  - Human
MH  - Hypertension/*THERAPY/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Injections, Intramuscular
MH  - Injections, Intraperitoneal
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Injections, Intraventricular
MH  - Kallikrein/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*GENETICS/ADMINISTRATION &
      DOSAGE
MH  - Kallikrein-Kinin System/*GENETICS
MH  - Lac Operon
MH  - Metallothionein/GENETICS
MH  - Plasmids
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred SHR
MH  - Sarcoma Viruses, Avian/GENETICS
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
RN  - 9038-94-2 (Metallothionein)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.35 (tissue kallikrein)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.34 (Kallikrein)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.23 (beta-Galactosidase)
DP  - 1997 Jun
TA  - Immunopharmacology
IS  - 0162-3109
JC  - GY3
PG  - 229-236
IP  - 2-3
VI  - 36
AB  - The tissue kallikrein-kinin system has been postulated to play a role
      in blood pressure homeostasis and the pathogenesis of clinical
      hypertension. To demonstrate the potential therapeutic effects of
      somatic gene delivery in treating hypertension, we used spontaneously
      hypertensive rats (SHR) as a model. The gene encoding the human tissue
      kallikrein was used because of its powerful hypotensive action. The
      human kallikrein DNA constructs were placed under the control of the
      metallothionein metal response element, the cytomegalovirus
      promoter/enhancer or the Rous sarcoma virus 3'-LTR. The human tissue
      kallikrein DNA constructs were incorporated into adenoviral vectors via
      homologous recombination. The naked plasmid DNA constructs or
      adenovirus containing the kallikrein gene were first introduced into
      kidney 293 cells and the expression of human tissue kallikrein was
      identified by ELISA. The kallikrein gene was delivered into SHR via
      intramuscular, intravenous, portal vein, intraperitoneal, and
      intracerebroventricular routes. A single injection of naked human
      kallikrein DNA constructs caused a prolonged reduction of high blood
      pressure for up to 8 weeks. Adenoviral-mediated gene delivery results
      in high efficiency of human tissue kallikrein expression.
      Immunoreactive human kallikrein was detected in rat serum at the
      highest level at 1 day post gene delivery. Portal vein delivery of a
      reporter gene, AdCMV-LacZ, results in intense staining of beta-
      galactosidase in rat liver, suggesting that recombinant kallikrein is
      mainly produced in liver and secreted into the circulation. These
      results show that kallikrein gene delivery causes a sustained reduction
      of blood pressure in genetically hypertensive rats and provide
      important information for a potential gene therapy approach to human
      hypertension and related diseases.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of
      South Carolina, Charleston 29425-2211, USA.
SO  - Immunopharmacology 1997 Jun;36(2-3):229-236
UI  - 97408716
PM  - 9263235
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shimoda N
AU  - Tashiro T
AU  - Yamamori H
AU  - Takagi K
AU  - Nakajima N
AU  - Ito I
TI  - Effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 on protein
      metabolism, gut morphology, and cell-mediated immunity in burned rats.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Blood Chemical Analysis
MH  - Blood Glucose/METABOLISM/DRUG EFFECTS/ANALYSIS
MH  - Body Weight/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Burns/*METABOLISM/*IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Dietary Proteins/*METABOLISM/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Human
MH  - Hypersensitivity, Delayed/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Immunity, Cellular/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Intestine, Small/*DRUG EFFECTS/*ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Kidney/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Nitrogen/METABOLISM/ANALYSIS
MH  - Organ Weight
MH  - Pancreas/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Somatotropin/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Stomach/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
MH  - Thymus Gland/ANATOMY & HISTOLOGY
RN  - 9002-72-6 (Somatotropin)
RN  - 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen)
RN  - 67763-96-6 (Insulin-Like Growth Factor I)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Dietary Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
DP  - 1997 Jun
TA  - Nutrition
IS  - 0899-9007
JC  - BEU
PG  - 540-546
IP  - 6
VI  - 13
AB  - The effects of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like
      growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were investigated in burned rats. Sprague-
      Dawley rats were fed exclusively by total parenteral nutrition and were
      subjected to 20% third-degree scald burns. The rats were then divided
      into the following three groups: (1) the GH group received GH at a dose
      of 1 IU.kg-1.d-1 for 2d (n = 10); (2) the IGF group received IGF-1 at a
      dose of 4 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 2d (n = 19); and (3) the control group
      received saline (n = 17). Cumulative nitrogen balance increased
      significantly in the GH (P < 0.01) and IGF (P < 0.01) groups as
      compared with the control group. There were no differences in nitrogen
      balance between the GH and IGF groups. Blood glucose was decreased in
      the IGF group (P < 0.01) and increased in the GH group (P < 0.05) as
      compared with the control group. The intestinal villus height and wall
      thickness of the GH and IGF groups were significantly greater than
      those of the control group. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was enhanced
      in both the GH and the IGF groups as compared with the control group
      (both P < 0.01). Furthermore, the increase in the IGF group was
      significantly greater than that in the GH group (P < 0.05). It was
      concluded that both GH and IGF-1 improve protein metabolism and immune
      responsiveness, as well as promote proliferation of the intestinal
      mucosa.
AD  - First Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University,
      Japan.
SO  - Nutrition 1997 Jun;13(6):540-546
UI  - 97467423
PM  - 9325098
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Kleywegt GJ
AU  - Zou JY
AU  - Divne C
AU  - Davies GJ
AU  - Sinning I
AU  - Stahlberg J
AU  - Reinikainen T
AU  - Srisodsuk M
AU  - Teeri TT
AU  - Jones TA
TI  - The crystal structure of the catalytic core domain of endoglucanase I
      from Trichoderma reesei at 3.6 A resolution, and a comparison with
      related enzymes.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Bacillus/ENZYMOLOGY
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Cellobiose/METABOLISM
MH  - Cellulase/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Cellulose/METABOLISM
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Computer Simulation
MH  - Conserved Sequence
MH  - Crystallography, X-Ray
MH  - Hyphomycetes/ENZYMOLOGY
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Peptide Fragments/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - Protein Engineering
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Trichoderma/*ENZYMOLOGY
RN  - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)
RN  - 16462-44-5 (Cellobiose)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.91 (exo-cellobiohydrolase)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.4 (Cellulase)
SI  - PDB/R1EG1SF
SI  - PDB/1EG1
DP  - 1997 Sep 26
TA  - J Mol Biol
IS  - 0022-2836
JC  - J6V
PG  - 383-397
IP  - 3
VI  - 272
AB  - Cellulose is the most abundant polymer in the biosphere. Although
      generally resistant to degradation, it may be hydrolysed by
      cellulolytic organisms that have evolved a variety of structurally
      distinct enzymes, cellobiohydrolases and endoglucanases, for this
      purpose. Endoglucanase I (EG I) is the major endoglucanase produced by
      the cellulolytic fungus Trichoderma reesei, accounting for 5 to 10% of
      the total amount of cellulases produced by this organism. Together with
      EG I from Humicola insolens and T. reesei cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I),
      the enzyme is classified into family 7 of the glycosyl hydrolases, and
      it catalyses hydrolysis with a net retention of the anomeric
      configuration.The structure of the catalytic core domain (residues 1 to
      371) of EG I from T. reesei has been determined at 3.6 A resolution by
      the molecular replacement method using the structures of T. reesei CBH
      I and H. insolens EG I as search models. By employing the 2-fold non-
      crystallographic symmetry (NCS), the structure was refined
      successfully, despite the limited resolution. The final model has an R-
      factor of 0.201 (Rfree 0.258).The structure of EG I reveals an
      extended, open substrate-binding cleft, rather than a tunnel as found
      in the homologous cellobiohydrolase CBH I. This confirms the earlier
      proposal that the tunnel-forming loops in CBH I have been deleted in EG
      I, which has resulted in an open active site in EG I, enabling it to
      function as an endoglucanase. Comparison of the structure of EG I with
      several related enzymes reveals structural similarities, and
      differences that relate to their biological function in degrading
      particular substrates. A possible structural explanation of the
      drastically different pH profiles of T. reesei and H. insolens EG I is
      proposed. Copyright 1997 Academic Press Limited.
AD  - Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 24, Sweden.
SO  - J Mol Biol 1997 Sep 26;272(3):383-397
UI  - 97450580
PM  - 9305568
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ibebunjo C
AU  - Eshelby D
AU  - Donati F
AU  - Fox GS
AU  - Tchervenkov JI
TI  - Tacrine does not alter the potency of succinylcholine in the rat.
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Animal
MH  - Cholinesterase Inhibitors/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Electric Stimulation
MH  - Evoked Potentials/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Female
MH  - Hindlimb
MH  - Human
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Muscle Contraction/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/INNERVATION/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Neuromuscular Blockade
MH  - Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Succinylcholine/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tacrine/*PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
RN  - 321-64-2 (Tacrine)
RN  - 306-40-1 (Succinylcholine)
RN  - 0 (Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents)
RN  - 0 (Cholinesterase Inhibitors)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Can J Anaesth
IS  - 0832-610X
JC  - C8L
PG  - 1021-1026
IP  - 9
VI  - 44
AB  - PURPOSE: Tacrine is a cholinesterase inhibitor used to manage
      Alzheimer's dementia. Given iv, it prolongs succinylcholine blockade in
      humans but the effects of chronic oral tacrine are not known. METHODS:
      Groups of adult rats were given 2.5 mg.kg-1 tacrine (chronic groups) or
      l ml saline (control) twice daily by gavage for one, two, four or eight
      weeks. An additional (acute) group received 2.5 mg.kg-1 tacrine iv.
      Twelve to 18 hr after the last gavage of tacrine or saline, and -20 min
      after iv tacrine, cumulative dose-response curves of succinylcholine
      were determined in the tibialis and soleus muscles in anaesthetized,
      ventilated rats during monitoring of evoked twitch response to indirect
      (nerve) train-of-four stimulation. RESULTS: The ED50 and ED95 of
      succinylcholine in control rats were (mean +/- SD) 204 +/- 41 and 382
      +/- 96 micrograms.kg-1, respectively in the tibialis muscle, and 280 +/-
      52 and 629 +/- 168 micrograms.kg-1 in the soleus muscle (P < 0.05
      between muscles). In the acute and chronic tacrine groups, the mean
      ED50 and ED95 ranged from 166-197 and 277-396 micrograms.kg-1.,
      respectively, in the tibialis muscle, and 248-333 and 546-667
      micrograms.kg-1, in the soleus muscle. Dose responses did not differ
      among acute and chronic tacrine groups and the control group.
      CONCLUSION: Chronic oral tacrine does not alter muscle response to
      succinylcholine in the rat. This may not apply to Alzheimer patients
      receiving chronic tacrine since the interaction between acute tacrine
      and succinylcholine in the rat differs from that in humans.
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Quebec,
      Canada.
SO  - Can J Anaesth 1997 Sep;44(9):1021-1026
UI  - 97475362
PM  - 9334875
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Strom RD
AU  - Buki LP
AU  - Strom SK
TI  - Intergenerational perceptions of English speaking and Spanish speaking
      Mexican-American grandparents.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Arizona
MH  - Child
MH  - Communication
MH  - Curriculum
MH  - *Education
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - *Intergenerational Relations
MH  - *Language
MH  - Male
MH  - Mexican Americans/*PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Mexico/ETHNOLOGY
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Psychometrics
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Social Work/*ORGANIZATION & ADMINISTRATION
DP  - 1997
TA  - Int J Aging Hum Dev
IS  - 0091-4150
JC  - GQF
PG  - 1-21
IP  - 1
VI  - 45
AB  - Hispanics are facing a number of problems, such as poverty, hunger, and
      a high dropout rate at school. Health-care reform and changes in
      Medicaid and Medicare are bound to further challenge the resiliency of
      minority families. To strengthen families from within, relevant
      programming should be implemented. Information regarding the strengths
      and needs of Mexican-American grandparents was obtained in order to
      adapt existing grandparenting programs for this population. Mexican-
      American grandparents (n = 181), parents (n = 148), and grandchildren
      (n = 173) provided information on grandparent satisfaction, success,
      teaching, difficulty, frustration, and information needs. Multivariate
      analyses of variance found differences for English and Spanish speaking
      grandparents. Spanish speaking grandparents reported a greater need for
      information than English speaking grandparents, and more frustration
      when dealing with adolescents than with younger children. For the
      English speaking grandparents, all of the generations agreed that
      grandparents under the age of sixty-one experienced more frustration
      than their older counterparts, and those who spent more than five hours
      a month with their grandchildren were more effective in their role.
      Possible factors that account for the findings are discussed and
      recommendations for establishing a grandparent program are presented.
AD  - College of Education, Division of Psychology in Education, Arizona
      State University, Tempe 85287-0611, USA.
SO  - Int J Aging Hum Dev 1997 ;45(1):1-21
UI  - 98011254
PM  - 9350179
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Liesner R
AU  - Goldstone AH
TI  - Treatment of childhood and adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - Bone Marrow Transplantation
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Human
MH  - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1/*THERAPY/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L2/*THERAPY/IMMUNOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Remission Induction
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined)
DP  - 1997
TA  - J Intern Med Suppl
IS  - 0955-7873
JC  - ABK
PG  - 29-36
VI  - 740
AB  - In the last 30 years the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia has
      radically changed and intensified and has resulted in improvements in
      the chances of cure in children to up to 70% but in adults only 30%
      will achieve long-term disease-free survival. Data from large
      therapeutic trials have determined good and poor prognostic risk
      factors which have been of use in planning risk-directed treatment
      protocols and can influence the chance of cure. However intensification
      of treatment has also been associated with increased toxicity and
      significant late effects, particularly in children. In the future it
      will be necessary for more international collaboration and a more
      uniform approach to treatment in order to achieve continued
      improvements in the survival from this disease. In children it will be
      necessary to focus efforts on improving treatment of relapsed patients:
      chemotherapy protocols in those with a first remission of > 36 months,
      or for the high-risk patients with a shorter first remission, new
      transplantation approaches directed towards enhancing the graft-versus-
      leukaemia effect are going to be of increasing importance. In adults,
      continued efforts will be directed towards improving first remission
      rates with the use of increasingly intensive chemotherapeutic protocols
      and growth factors. The use of unrelated donor transplantation is also
      likely to increase, particularly in patients with 'poor-risk' disease.
AD  - Department of Haematology, University College London Hospitals, UK.
SO  - J Intern Med Suppl 1997 ;740:29-36
UI  - 97465502
PM  - 9326222
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Neelis KJ
AU  - Hartong SC
AU  - Egeland T
AU  - Thomas GR
AU  - Eaton DL
AU  - Wagemaker G
TI  - The efficacy of single-dose administration of thrombopoietin with
      coadministration of either granulocyte/macrophage or granulocyte colony-
      stimulating factor in myelosuppressed rhesus monkeys.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Blood Cell Count/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Bone Marrow/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Bone Marrow Diseases/THERAPY/PATHOLOGY/ETIOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drug Administration Schedule
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Erythropoiesis/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/THERAPEUTIC
      USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/THERAPEUTIC
      USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Hematopoiesis/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Macaca mulatta
MH  - Male
MH  - Neutropenia/DRUG THERAPY/BLOOD
MH  - Neutrophils
MH  - Platelet Transfusion
MH  - Radiation Injuries, Experimental/PATHOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY/BLOOD
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/ADMINISTRATION &
      DOSAGE
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Thrombopoietin/THERAPEUTIC USE/PHARMACOLOGY/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Whole-Body Irradiation
RN  - 9014-42-0 (Thrombopoietin)
RN  - 83869-56-1 (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor)
RN  - 143011-72-7 (Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
DP  - 1997 Oct 1
TA  - Blood
IS  - 0006-4971
JC  - A8G
PG  - 2565-2573
IP  - 7
VI  - 90
AB  - Thrombopoietin (TPO) was evaluated for efficacy in a placebo-controlled
      study in rhesus monkeys with concurrent administration of either
      granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or
      granulocyte CSF, (G-CSF). Rhesus monkeys were subjected to 5 Gy total-
      body irradiation (TBI), resulting in 3 weeks of profound pancytopenia,
      and received either TPO 5 microg/kg intravenously (I.V.) at day 1 (n =
      4), GM-CSF 25 microg/kg subcutaneously (S.C.) for 14 days (n = 4), TPO
      and GM-CSF (n = 4), G-CSF 10 microg/kg/d S.C. for 14 days (n = 3), TPO
      and G-CSF (n = 4), or placebo (carrier, n = 4; historical controls, n =
      8). Single-dose I.V. treatment with TPO 1 day after TBI effectively
      counteracted the need for thrombocyte transfusions (provided whenever
      thrombocyte levels were <40 x 10(9)/L) and accelerated platelet
      reconstitution to normal levels 2 weeks earlier than placebo controls.
      TPO/GM-CSF was more effective than single-dose TPO alone in stimulating
      thrombocyte regeneration, with a less profound nadir and a further
      accelerated recovery to normal thrombocyte counts, as well as a slight
      overshoot to supranormal levels of thrombocytes. Monkeys treated with
      TPO/GM-CSF uniformly did not require thrombocyte transfusions, whereas
      those treated with GM-CSF alone needed two to three transfusions,
      similar to the placebo-treated monkeys, which required, on average,
      three transfusions. Also, reticulocyte production was stimulated by TPO
      and further augmented in monkeys treated with TPO/GM-CSF. TPO alone did
      not stimulate neutrophil regeneration, whereas GM-CSF shortened the
      period of neutrophil counts less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L by approximately 1
      week; TPO/GM-CSF treatment elevated the neutrophil nadir, but did not
      further accelerate recovery to normal values. TPO also augemented the
      neturophil response to G-CSF, resulting in similar patterns of
      reconstitution following TPO/G-CSF and TPO/GM-CSF treatment. TPO/GM-CSF
      resulted in significantly increased reconstitution of CD34+ bone marrow
      cells and progenitor cells such as GM-CFU and BFU-E. Adverse effects of
      combining TPO with the CSFs were not observed. It is concluded that (1)
      a single I.V. administration of TPO is sufficient to prevent severe
      thrombocytopenia following myelosuppression, (2) TPO/G-CSF and TPO/GM-
      CSF treatment result in distinct response patterns, with TPO/GM-CSF
      being superior to TPO/G-CSF in stimulating thrombocyte and erythrocyte
      recovery while being equivalent in stimulating neutrophil recovery; and
      (3) TPO significantly improves the performance of CSFs in alleviating
      severe neutropenia.
AD  - Institute of Hematology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
SO  - Blood 1997 Oct 1;90(7):2565-2573
UI  - 97395767
PM  - 9251867
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Raskin SA
TI  - The relationship between sexual abuse and mild traumatic brain injury.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Affect
MH  - Brain Injuries/PSYCHOLOGY/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Abuse, Sexual/*PSYCHOLOGY
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cognition Disorders/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/PSYCHOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Brain Inj
IS  - 0269-9052
JC  - BRA
PG  - 587-603
IP  - 8
VI  - 11
AB  - It remains unclear why some individuals with mild traumatic brain
      injury (MTBI) complain of cognitive deficits many months after the
      injury. Given neuropathological changes associated with prolonged
      stress, such as occurs with repeated sexual abuse (SA), it seems
      possible that individuals who experienced SA might be predisposed to
      greater deficits after MTBI. Four groups of subjects were administered
      measures of cognitive and emotional functioning. These groups were
      those with MTBI (n = 10), those with a history of SA (n = 10), those
      with both MTBI and SA (n = 10), and normal control (NC) subjects (n =
      10). Compared to the NC subjects, those with MTBI demonstrated deficits
      in working memory, those with SA demonstrated deficits in executive
      functioning, and those with both MTBI and SA demonstrated the greatest
      number of deficits which were in working memory, executive functioning
      and memory. Tests of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress
      disorder, while demonstrating significant symptoms in all clinical
      groups, did not correlate with the neuropsychological tests that
      differentiated the groups.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
SO  - Brain Inj 1997 Aug;11(8):587-603
UI  - 97455790
PM  - 9310011
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Sirgel FA
AU  - Botha FJ
AU  - Parkin DP
AU  - Van de Wal BW
AU  - Schall R
AU  - Donald PR
AU  - Mitchison DA
TI  - The early bactericidal activity of ciprofloxacin in patients with
      pulmonary tuberculosis.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents, Fluoroquinolone/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Ciprofloxacin/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Isoniazid/*ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Male
MH  - Sputum/MICROBIOLOGY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/MICROBIOLOGY/*DRUG THERAPY
RN  - 85721-33-1 (Ciprofloxacin)
RN  - 54-85-3 (Isoniazid)
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Fluoroquinolone)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Am J Respir Crit Care Med
IS  - 1073-449X
JC  - BZS
PG  - 901-905
IP  - 3
VI  - 156
AB  - The early bactericidal activity (EBA) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was
      measured in 80 patients with previously untreated, smear-positive
      pulmonary tuberculosis by counting viable bacilli in sputum collections
      during the first 2 d of treatment. Groups of about 10 patients were
      treated daily with graded doses of CIP or with 300 mg isoniazid or with
      no drug. The mean EBA, defined as the fall in log CFU/ ml sputum/d,
      increased from -0.011 in the no drug group to 0.046, 0.092, 0.121, and
      0.205 in the groups receiving 250, 500, 1,000, or 1,500 mg CIP,
      respectively, a highly significant trend. These results demonstrate the
      antimycobacterial activity of CIP in high dosage, though the mean EBAs
      of 0.55 and 0.66 in two groups receiving isoniazid were much higher.
AD  - South African National Tuberculosis Research Programme, Tygerberg,
      South Africa.
SO  - Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997 Sep;156(3):901-905
UI  - 98010937
PM  - 9350007
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hamalainen N
AU  - Pette D
TI  - Coordinated fast-to-slow transitions of myosin and SERCA isoforms in
      chronically stimulated muscles of euthyroid and hyperthyroid rabbits.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/*METABOLISM/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Electric Stimulation
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Hyperthyroidism/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Isoenzymes/METABOLISM/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Myosin/*METABOLISM/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION
MH  - Myosin Heavy Chains/METABOLISM
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Thyroid Gland/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Vanadates/PHARMACOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Vanadates)
RN  - 0 (Myosin)
RN  - 0 (Myosin Heavy Chains)
RN  - 0 (Isoenzymes)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.38 (Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase)
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Muscle Res Cell Motil
IS  - 0142-4319
JC  - HSN
PG  - 545-554
IP  - 5
VI  - 18
AB  - Changes in the patterns of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms,
      isomyosins, and Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) isoforms were studied in long-
      term (72 d) stimulated fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and
      tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of euthyroid and hyperthyroid rabbits.
      The chronic low-frequency stimulation-induced fast-to-slow transitions
      in MHC isoforms, isomyosins and SERCA isoforms were pronounced in
      muscles from euthyroid rabbits, but less pronounced in muscles from
      hyperthyroid rabbits. Thus, hyperthyroidism counteracted to same extent
      the stimulation-induced fast-to-slow transition. Analyses of all
      parameters were performed on the same individual muscles, providing
      information on the co-ordinated expression of SERCA and myosin
      isoforms. A high correlation (r = 0.97) was detected between relative
      concentrations of slow SERCA2a and slow MHCI isoforms. This correlation
      persisted under all experimental conditions, suggesting a co-ordinated
      expression of slow myosin and Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms. Conversely, fast
      SERCA1a was correlated to fast myosin isoforms as a whole.
AD  - Fakultat fur Biologie, Universitat Konstanz, Germany.
SO  - J Muscle Res Cell Motil 1997 Oct;18(5):545-554
UI  - 97428849
PM  - 9283235
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Fukushima M
TI  - Profiles of effects of traditional oriental herbal medicines on central
      nervous systems in humans--assessment of saiboku-to and saiko-ka-
      ryukotsu-borei-to using EEG and pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine-
      derived ingredients as indices.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Brain/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/PHARMACOKINETICS/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Electroencephalography/*DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
RN  - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal)
RN  - 0 (saiko-ka-ryukotsu-borei-to)
RN  - 0 (saiboku-to)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi
IS  - 0033-2658
JC  - QAM
PG  - 355-369
IP  - 6
VI  - 99
AB  - To elucidate usefulness of traditional oriental herbal medicines in
      psychiatric fields, we investigated their influences on central nervous
      systems in humans by using EEG and pharmacokinetics of herbal medicine-
      derived ingredients as the indices. The subjects were 12 healthy male
      volunteers who received single oral administration and after that
      received repeated oral administrations at a daily dose of Saiko-ka-
      ryukotsu-borei-to or Saiboku-to; EEG was recorded before
      administration, 1, 3, 6 hours and 10 days after administration. On
      direct comparison of global field powers calculated from 19-lead EEG
      before and after administration, it was verified that Saiboku-to
      possessed effects on central nervous systems. For assessment of
      pharmacokinetics of ingredients derived from Saiboku-to, pre- and post-
      treatment serum samples were assayed by HPLC and two ingredients were
      detected, besides individual differences being observed in their
      pharmacokinetic profiles. Given that these pharmacokinetics could be
      interpreted as the phenomena associated with Sho (traditional physical
      status classifications of patients), the subjects were classified into
      groups according to individual differences whereby quantitative
      pharmaco-EEG were employed to elucidate neurotropic effects of Saiboku-
      to. As the result, following two groups were evidenced: (1) a group
      demonstrating the mood elevator type after a single administration
      despite of no changes after repeated administrations, and (2) a group
      with a shift from the mood elevator type to the nootropics type being
      observed over time, delineating overt differences in EEG profiles among
      groups. Consequently, individual differences were evidenced to be
      involved in onset of neurotropic effects of Saiboku-to, permitting
      prediction of possible responses following repeated administrations by
      using EEG profiles. It was also suggested that neurotropic effects of
      respective ingredients could be anticipated by monitoring the time-
      course changes of both EEG and plasma levels of these ingredients. In
      summary, once further studies on oriental herbal medicines might
      progress based on efficacy assessments of respective ingredients with a
      clue of the present study, it is conceivable that these findings would
      play an important role as the objective indices in clinical application
      of herbal medicines in psychiatric fields, resulting in broadening the
      usefulness of oriental herbal medicines.
AD  - Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kansai Medical University.
SO  - Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi 1997 ;99(6):355-369
UI  - 97477333
PM  - 9335543
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Wakabayashi S
AU  - Ikeda T
AU  - Iwamoto T
AU  - Pouyssegur J
AU  - Shigekawa M
TI  - Calmodulin-binding autoinhibitory domain controls "pH-sensing" in the
      Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 through sequence-specific interaction.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Animal
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Calmodulin/PHARMACOLOGY/*METABOLISM
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cross-Linking Reagents
MH  - *Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Ionomycin/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Peptide Fragments/METABOLISM/CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter/*METABOLISM/*CHEMISTRY/ANTAGONISTS &
      INHIBITORS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Transfection
RN  - 56092-81-0 (Ionomycin)
RN  - 0 (Sodium-Hydrogen Antiporter)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (NHE-3 protein)
RN  - 0 (Cross-Linking Reagents)
RN  - 0 (Calmodulin)
RN  - 0 (sodium-hydrogen exchanger 2)
RN  - 0 (growth factor-activatable Na-H exchanger NHE-1)
DP  - 1997 Oct 21
TA  - Biochemistry
IS  - 0006-2960
JC  - A0G
PG  - 12854-12861
IP  - 42
VI  - 36
AB  - The calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain reduces the affinity of the Na+/H+
      exchanger NHE1 for intracellular H+ by exerting an autoinhibitory
      function in quiescent cells. We replaced this domain (aa 637-656) with
      homologous segments from other NHE isoforms (NHE2 and 4) or
      functionally similar regions from other sources (Na+/Ca2+ exchanger,
      CaM-dependent protein kinase II, plasma membrane Ca2+-pump, or CaM-
      binding peptide Trp3). The NHE-1-, NHE2-, and NHE4-segments bound CaM
      with Kds of 16, 130, and 27 nM, respectively. These chimeric molecules
      were expressed in the exchanger-deficient cell PS120. NHE1 with
      incorporated NHE2-segment was activated in response to Ca2+-mobilizing
      agents ionomycin and thrombin resulting in an alkaline shift of the
      intracellular pH (pHi)-dependence of 22Na+ uptake, as was the case with
      the intact rat NHE2. In contrast, incorporation of the NHE4-segment or
      other CaM-binding segments induced a constitutive alkaline shift of pHi-
      dependence with concomitant abolishment of Ca2+-dependent activation,
      indicating that these segments could not function as an autoinhibitory
      domain in NHE1. Detailed analyses revealed that Leu639, Lys651 and
      Tyr652, conserved in the NHE1- and NHE2-segments, but not in the NHE4-
      segment, are important for the autoinhibition. Furthermore, 125I-
      labeled CaM-binding peptide from NHE1 was efficiently crosslinked to
      the NHE1 protein, suggesting that the inhibitory domain physically
      interacts with part(s) of the molecule. Together, these findings
      support the notion that the reduction of H+ affinity in Na+/H+ exchange
      occurs through a mechanism involving a highly sequence-specific
      interaction of the inhibitory domain with its putative acceptor in NHE1.
AD  - Department of Molecular Physiology, National Cardiovascular Center
      Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan. wak@ri.ncvc.go.jp
SO  - Biochemistry 1997 Oct 21;36(42):12854-12861
UI  - 98016140
PM  - 9356063
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Irwin RJ
AU  - Lerner MR
AU  - Bealer JF
AU  - Brackett DJ
AU  - Tuggle DW
TI  - Cardiopulmonary physiology of primary blast injury.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Blast Injuries/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Evaluation Studies
MH  - Heart Injuries/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Hemodynamics
MH  - Lung/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY/*INJURIES
MH  - Male
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Pulmonary Circulation
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Trauma
IS  - 0022-5282
JC  - KAF
PG  - 650-655
IP  - 4
VI  - 43
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Bomb blast survivors are occasionally found in profound
      shock and hypoxic without external signs of injury. We investigated the
      cardiovascular and pulmonary responses of rats subjected to a blast
      pressure wave. DESIGN: Prospectively randomized, controlled animal
      study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats were instrumented and subjected to a
      blast pressure wave of different intensities from a blast wave
      generator. Cardiopulmonary parameters were recorded for 3 hours or
      until death. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The cardiovascular response
      to a blast pressure wave was immediate bradycardia, hypotension, and
      low cardiac index. Three hours later, the rats developed hypotension,
      low cardiac index, and low stroke volume. Interestingly, systemic
      vascular resistance remained unchanged. The pulmonary response was a
      decreased PaO2 and stable PacO2, suggesting a ventilation-perfusion
      mismatch from massive pulmonary hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS: Blast-induced
      circulatory shock resulted from immediate myocardial depression without
      a compensatory vasoconstriction. Hypoxia presumably resulted from a
      ventilation-perfusion mismatch caused by pulmonary hemorrhage.
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center,
      and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City 73126,
      USA.
SO  - J Trauma 1997 Oct;43(4):650-655
UI  - 97465296
PM  - 9323920
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Khurana V
AU  - Kar P
AU  - Mansharamani N
AU  - Jain V
AU  - Kanodia A
TI  - Differences in hepatitis B markers between clinical and preclinical
      health care personnel.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biological Markers/BLOOD
MH  - Costs and Cost Analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Personnel
MH  - Hepatitis B/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY
MH  - *Hepatitis B Vaccines/ECONOMICS
MH  - Human
MH  - India
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Occupational Diseases/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/IMMUNOLOGY
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis B Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Biological Markers)
DP  - 1997 Apr
TA  - Trop Gastroenterol
IS  - 0250-636X
JC  - WGI
PG  - 69-71
IP  - 2
VI  - 18
AB  - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an occupational risk for health
      care personnel (HCP). Vaccination is an important preventive measure
      but high cost of vaccination limits the feasibility of giving vaccine
      to all HCP. To find an optimum approach for vaccination we conducted a
      study on HCP in Maulana Azad Medical College and associated LNJPN
      hospital. A total of 162 subjects were screened. Eight were excluded
      because of prior vaccination against HBV. Two groups of subjects were
      selected namely preclinical and clinical. The preclinical group
      comprised first year medical students and the clinical group comprised
      of HCP who have been exposed to clinical departments. The subjects were
      screened for HBsAg, anti HBs and anti HBc viral markers. 86 subjects
      were screened in the preclinical group. Two (2.3%) were positive for
      HBsAG; 16 (18%) and 9 (10.4%) were positive for anti HBs and anti HBc
      respectively. In the clinical group a total of 68 subjects were
      screened. Amongst them 1.4% were positive for HBsAg; 47 (69%) and 38
      (55%) were positive for anti HBs and anti HBc respectively. The study
      revealed that there was a significant difference in the titre of the
      viral markers in the preclinical group as compared to the clinical
      group. Seventy (82%) of preclinical subjects were at high risk for the
      infection as they moved into clinical departments. Few subjects will be
      excluded from the vaccination schedule based on anti HBs screening and
      hence screening prior to vaccination is not cost effective. However in
      the clinical group 69% will be excluded from the vaccination schedule
      based on anti HBs positivity and screening will save up to 60% of cost
      involved in vaccination.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
SO  - Trop Gastroenterol 1997 Apr;18(2):69-71
UI  - 97380650
PM  - 9380133
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Leclercq RM
AU  - Jongmans-Liedekerken AW
TI  - Malignant pleural mesothelioma in general practice; complex pain
      problems.
MH  - Aged
MH  - Analgesics, Opioid/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Asbestos/ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Case Report
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Human
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/ETIOLOGY/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Male
MH  - Mesothelioma/ETIOLOGY/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Morphine/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Pain, Intractable/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/ETIOLOGY
RN  - 57-27-2 (Morphine)
RN  - 1332-21-4 (Asbestos)
RN  - 0 (Analgesics, Opioid)
DP  - 1997 May 31
TA  - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd
IS  - 0028-2162
JC  - NUK
PG  - 1081-1085
IP  - 22
VI  - 141
AB  - In three patients, men aged 67, 57 and 69 years, malignant pleural
      mesothelioma was diagnosed. All three had worked as coal miners and
      were presented with thoracic pain. They were among seven cases of
      malignant pleural mesothelioma diagnosed in a period of five years in
      one suburban general practice (adherence: 5600 patients) in the former
      mining area in the province of Limburg. The terminal phase of the
      disease was characterized by intractable pain. High doses of opioids
      and adjuvants were necessary to achieve acceptable pain relief. It is
      suggested that step one of the 'analgesic ladder for cancer pain
      management' of the WHO (non-opioids) should be followed soon by step
      three (strong opioids). Because the incidence of pleural mesothelioma
      is not yet decreasing, it is important to know that pain management
      remains a serious problem.
AD  - Universiteit Maastricht, vakgroep Huisartsgeneeskunde.
SO  - Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 1997 May 31;141(22):1081-1085
UI  - 97447838
PM  - 9303578
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Uhlig S
AU  - Featherstone RL
TI  - The interaction of endothelin receptor responses in the isolated
      perfused rat lung.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Bronchoconstriction/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Endothelin-1/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Endothelins/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Lung/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS/BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Muscle, Smooth/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - Oligopeptides/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Peptide Fragments/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Peptides, Cyclic/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Piperidines/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Receptors, Endothelin/*PHYSIOLOGY/DRUG EFFECTS/ANTAGONISTS & INHIBITORS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Vasoconstriction/DRUG EFFECTS
MH  - 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha/METABOLISM
RN  - 58962-34-8 (6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha)
RN  - 142569-99-1 (IRL 1620)
RN  - 136553-81-6 (BQ 123)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Endothelin)
RN  - 0 (Piperidines)
RN  - 0 (Peptides, Cyclic)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (Oligopeptides)
RN  - 0 (Endothelins)
RN  - 0 (Endothelin-1)
RN  - 0 (BQ 788)
RN  - 0 (endothelin B receptor)
RN  - 0 (endothelin A receptor)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
IS  - 0028-1298
JC  - NTQ
PG  - 392-397
IP  - 3
VI  - 356
AB  - To gain more insight into the complex pulmonary interactions of
      endothelins (ET), we studied airway and vascular responses to
      endothelins in isolated perfused rat lungs in the presence of the novel
      ET(B)-receptor antagonist BQ788. In particular we focused on airway
      responses and on prostacyclin release. The effectiveness of BQ788 in
      our system was shown by its ability to concentration-dependently
      prevent vasoconstriction (IC50 0.1 microM), bronchoconstriction (IC50
      0.1 microM) and prostacyclin production (IC50 < 0.1 microM) induced by
      the ET(B)-receptor agonist IRL1620 (1 nmol). Airway responses to ET-1:
      ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction was aggravated by BQ123 (1 or 8
      microM), while BQ788 pretreatment (1 or 8 microM) showed no significant
      effect. Simultaneous treatment with 8 microM BQ123 and BQ788 attenuated
      the ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction. Vascular responses to ET-1: ET-1
      (1 nmol)-induced vasoconstriction was potentiated by BQ788 (1 or 8
      microM), but attenuated by the ET(A)-receptor antagonist BQ123 (1
      microM). In the presence of BQ788 diminished amounts of the stable
      prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto-PGF1alpha were detected in the
      perfusate. Simultaneous treatment with 8 microM BQ123 and BQ788
      completely prevented the ET-1-induced vasoconstriction. Conclusions:
      Both ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptors contribute to ET-1-induced
      vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction. The ET-1-induced
      vasoconstriction is attenuated by stimulation of ET(B)-receptors, a
      response that is partly mediated by prostacyclin. Due to the mutual
      interactions between ET(A)- and ET(B)-receptors, simultaneous
      inhibition of both receptors is required to prevent the deleterious
      effects of ET-1 on lung functions.
AD  - Biochemical Pharmacology, University of Konstanz, Germany.
SO  - Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 1997 Sep;356(3):392-397
UI  - 98000001
PM  - 9358126
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Eriksson BI
AU  - Wille-Jorgensen P
AU  - Kalebo P
AU  - Mouret P
AU  - Rosencher N
AU  - Bosch P
AU  - Baur M
AU  - Ekman S
AU  - Bach D
AU  - Lindbratt S
AU  - Close P
TI  - A comparison of recombinant hirudin with a low-molecular-weight heparin
      to prevent thromboembolic complications after total hip replacement.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Anticoagulants/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - *Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Enoxaparin/*THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Female
MH  - Hirudin/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/*ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Postoperative Complications/*PREVENTION & CONTROL
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/THERAPEUTIC USE/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Thrombophlebitis/*PREVENTION & CONTROL/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RN  - 8001-27-2 (Hirudin)
RN  - 120993-53-5 (desirudin)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Enoxaparin)
RN  - 0 (Anticoagulants)
DP  - 1997 Nov 6
TA  - N Engl J Med
IS  - 0028-4793
JC  - NOW
PG  - 1329-1335
IP  - 19
VI  - 337
AB  - BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo total hip replacement have a high risk
      of thromboembolic complications. Recombinant hirudin (desirudin), a
      specific inhibitor of thrombin, represents a new development in
      antithrombotic therapy. We compared the efficacy and safety of
      desirudin with those of a low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin) for
      the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients undergoing
      primary total hip replacement. METHODS: Both treatments, which were
      assigned in a randomized, double-blind manner, were started
      preoperatively: enoxaparin on the evening before surgery, and desirudin
      within 30 minutes before the start of surgery. The dose of desirudin
      was 15 mg subcutaneously twice daily, and the dose of enoxaparin was 40
      mg subcutaneously once daily. The duration of treatment was 8 to 12
      days. Deep-vein thrombosis was verified by bilateral venography
      performed at the end of the treatment period or earlier, if there were
      clinical signs of deep-vein thrombosis. RESULTS: At 31 centers in 10
      European countries, 2079 eligible patients were randomly assigned to
      receive desirudin or enoxaparin. A total of 1587 patients were included
      in the primary analysis of efficacy. In the desirudin group, as
      compared with the enoxaparin group, there was a significantly lower
      rate of proximal deep-vein thrombosis (4.5 vs. 7.5 percent, P=0.01;
      relative reduction in risk, 40.3 percent) and a lower overall rate of
      deep-vein thrombosis (18.4 vs. 25.5 percent, P=0.001; relative
      reduction in risk, 28.0 percent). The safety profiles were similar in
      the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: When administered 30 minutes
      before total hip replacement surgery, desirudin is more effective than
      enoxaparin in preventing deep-vein thrombosis.
AD  - Department of Orthopedics, Sahlgrenska-Ostra University Hospital,
      Goteborg, Sweden.
SO  - N Engl J Med 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1329-1335
UI  - 97416181
PM  - 9377034
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Potrokhov OI
AU  - Dolgikh DV
AU  - Kas'ianovskaia VP
AU  - Shevchenko OI
TI  - Clinical and functional aspects of adverse effects of toxic substance
      complexes in firefighters.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - *Fires
MH  - Hazardous Substances/*ADVERSE EFFECTS
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Nervous System Diseases/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Neurotic Disorders/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Occupational Diseases/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - *Occupations
MH  - Respiratory Tract Diseases/DIAGNOSIS/*CHEMICALLY INDUCED
MH  - Time Factors
RN  - 0 (Hazardous Substances)
DP  - 1997
TA  - Med Tr Prom Ekol
JC  - B18
PG  - 14-18
VI  - 7
AB  - The study covered influence of combined toxic chemicals on fire
      extinguishers. Acute exposure of respiratory and peripheral nervous
      systems was demonstrated. Consequences of the exposure were proved to
      include polyneuropathies, neuroses and other health disorders.
SO  - Med Tr Prom Ekol 1997 ;7:14-18
UI  - 97463971
PM  - 9322672
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hood DB
AU  - Kuehne J
AU  - Yellin AE
AU  - Weaver FA
TI  - Vascular complications of thoracic outlet syndrome.
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aneurysm/SURGERY
MH  - Angioplasty, Balloon
MH  - Arm/*BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Axillary Vein/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Cervical Rib Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Constriction, Pathologic/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Edema/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Embolism/ETIOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Endarterectomy
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Human
MH  - Intermittent Claudication/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Peripheral Vascular Diseases/SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/*ETIOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Phlebography
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Stents
MH  - Subclavian Artery/SURGERY/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Subclavian Vein/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Thoracic Outlet Syndrome/SURGERY/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Thrombolytic Therapy
MH  - Thrombosis/ETIOLOGY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Treatment Outcome
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - Am Surg
IS  - 0003-1348
JC  - 43E
PG  - 913-917
IP  - 10
VI  - 63
AB  - Vascular complications of thoracic outlet syndrome are uncommon but may
      result in significant long-term disability. This report documents a
      retrospective review of 17 such patients. Ten patients presented with
      acute onset of upper extremity swelling and axillosubclavian vein
      thrombosis. One patient presented with chronic, intermittent arm
      swelling and subclavian vein stenosis. Three patients presented with
      acute symptoms of upper extremity emboli, and three presented with
      chronic arm claudication. Cervical ribs were discovered in four
      patients with arterial symptoms and in no patients with venous
      symptoms. All ten patients with acute venous thrombosis underwent
      successful thrombolysis, with venous stenosis uncovered in 8.
      Thrombolysis was also performed for two patients with arterial emboli.
      All 17 patients underwent surgical decompression of the thoracic
      outlet, 16 via a supraclavicular approach and one via a transaxillary
      approach. One subclavian arteriotomy with endarterectomy and one
      resection of a subclavian artery aneurysm were performed at the time of
      decompression. Repeat venography after decompression demonstrated
      persistent venous stenosis in one patient that was treated with balloon
      angioplasty and stenting. After a mean of 22 months' follow-up, 12
      patients had no residual symptoms, and 5 had experienced significant
      improvement of symptoms. In conclusion, a combined approach of
      thrombolysis and surgical decompression of the thoracic outlet provides
      a salutary outcome in a majority of patients.
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Southern California School of
      Medicine, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
SO  - Am Surg 1997 Oct;63(10):913-917
UI  - 98021643
PM  - 9379505
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Guang SG
AU  - Ogura T
AU  - Sekine I
AU  - Yokozaki M
AU  - Esumi H
AU  - Kodama T
AU  - Nagai K
TI  - Association between p53 mutation and clinicopathological features of
      non-small cell lung cancer.
MH  - Adenocarcinoma/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Adenocarcinoma, Papillary/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Carcinoma, Adenosquamous/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Carcinoma, Large Cell/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/*PATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/PATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Cell Nucleus/ULTRASTRUCTURE
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Cytosine
MH  - Disease-Free Survival
MH  - DNA, Neoplasm/GENETICS
MH  - Epithelium/PATHOLOGY
MH  - Exons/GENETICS
MH  - Female
MH  - Genes, p53/*GENETICS
MH  - Guanine
MH  - Human
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/*PATHOLOGY/GENETICS
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Mutation/*GENETICS
MH  - Neoplasm Invasiveness
MH  - Neoplasm Staging
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Point Mutation
MH  - Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 73-40-5 (Guanine)
RN  - 71-30-7 (Cytosine)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Neoplasm)
DP  - 1997 Aug
TA  - Jpn J Clin Oncol
IS  - 0368-2811
JC  - KIN
PG  - 211-215
IP  - 4
VI  - 27
AB  - Genetic alterations in exons 5-8 of the p53 gene, determined by single-
      strand conformation polymorphism and sequencing analyses, and the
      clinicopathological characteristics of 108 patients with non-small cell
      lung cancer were compared. Mutations in this gene were found in 37 of
      the 108 patients (34%): in 30% (23/76) of those with adenocarcinomas,
      46% (12/26) of those with squamous cell, 33% (1/3) of those with large
      cell and 33% (1/3) of those with adenosquamous carcinomas. No
      associations between the incidence of p53 mutations and the
      histological or cytological subtypes of adenocarcinomas were found. The
      analysis of types of mutations, however, showed that GC transversion
      was relatively common in papillary and clara subtypes, whereas it
      accounted for only 17% at most of p53 mutations in tubular and
      bronchial surface epithelial cell subtypes of adenocarcinomas.
      Univariate analyses revealed that large tumor size, high nodal stage
      and positive vascular invasion of non-small cell lung cancers, and high
      nodal stage and high-grade nuclear atypia of adenocarcinomas were
      associated significantly with p53 mutations. Multivariate analyses
      showed that the tumor sizes of non-small cell lung cancer correlated
      with p53 mutations with marginal significance (P = 0.099) whereas
      nuclear atypia of adenocarcinomas correlated significantly (P = 0.028).
      No differences between the overall or relapse-free survival rates of
      patients with and without p53 mutations in non-small cell lung cancers
      or adenocarcinomas were found. These findings indicate that p53
      mutations in adenocarcinomas of the lung are associated with the
      malignant phenotype of tumor cells, but not with patient survival.
AD  - Investigative Treatment Division, National Cancer Center Research
      Institute East, Chiba, Japan.
SO  - Jpn J Clin Oncol 1997 Aug;27(4):211-215
UI  - 97472541
PM  - 9331500
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - al-Fiar F
AU  - Prince HM
AU  - Imrie K
AU  - Stewart AK
AU  - Crump M
AU  - Keating A
TI  - Bone marrow mononuclear cell count does not predict neutrophil and
      platelet recovery following autologous bone marrow transplant: value of
      the colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assay.
MH  - Adolescence
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Combined/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - *Blood Platelets
MH  - *Bone Marrow Transplantation
MH  - *Colony-Forming Units Assay
MH  - Combined Modality Therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Granulocytes
MH  - Hodgkin Disease/THERAPY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Human
MH  - Leukemia, Myeloid/THERAPY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Leukocyte Count
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/*CYTOLOGY
MH  - Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/THERAPY/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Macrophages
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - *Neutrophils
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Transplantation, Autologous
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Combined)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Cell Transplant
IS  - 0963-6897
JC  - B02
PG  - 491-495
IP  - 5
VI  - 6
AB  - The common use of the marrow autograft mononuclear cell (MNC) count
      derives from positive correlative studies following allogeneic
      transplantation and from earlier conflicting data regarding the value
      of the bone marrow autograft colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage
      (CFU-GM) assay for prediction hematologic recovery after ABMT. We
      conducted a retrospective analysis at our institution to determine
      whether autograft CFU-GM levels predict engraftment of neutrophils and
      platelets after ABMT in heavily pretreated patients with hematologic
      malignancies. Between 1 January 1993 and 1 March 1995, 58 heavily
      pretreated patients received only marrow cells as the autograft
      product. Patients with Hodgkin's disease (n = 25), acute myeloid
      leukemia (n = 19), and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 14) underwent
      intensive therapy with etoposide and melphalan. Unpurged marrow
      containing a minimum of 1.5 x 10(8)/kg (range: 1.5-4.8) was infused.
      Median time to an absolute neutrophil count > or = 0.5 x 10(9)/L was 21
      days (range 10-270) and median time to a platelet count > or = 20 x
      10(9)/L independent of transfusions was 44 days (range 13-317). There
      was no correlation between autograft MNC count and neutrophil or
      platelet engraftment. However, a correlation between autograft CFU-GM
      and both platelet and neutrophil recovery was demonstrated with a
      threshold CFU-GM of 3 x 10(4)/kg; delayed neutrophil recovery was
      observed in 79% of patients below this threshold compared to only 9% in
      those with an autograft CFU-GM level of more than 3 x 10(4)/kg (p =
      0.0001). Similarly, platelet recovery was delayed in 76% of patients
      below, and 20% of those above this threshold (p = 0.003). We conclude
      that marrow autograft CFU-GM is predictive of engraftment of both
      platelets and neutrophils in heavily pretreated patients after ABMT for
      hematological malignancies.
AD  - University of Toronto Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Program,
      Toronto Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
SO  - Cell Transplant 1997 Sep;6(5):491-495
UI  - 98018038
PM  - 9382486
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Aubes-Dufau I
AU  - Combes D
TI  - Effect of different proteases on bitterness of hemoglobin hydrolysates.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal
MH  - Butanols
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Chromatography, Gel
MH  - Hemoglobins/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - Human
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Molecular Weight
MH  - Peptide Fragments/ISOLATION & PURIFICATION/*CHEMISTRY
MH  - *Peptide Peptidohydrolases
MH  - Subtilisins
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Taste
MH  - Ultrafiltration
RN  - 78-92-2 (2-butanol)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (Hemoglobins)
RN  - 0 (Butanols)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.- (Subtilisins)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (Peptide Peptidohydrolases)
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Appl Biochem Biotechnol
IS  - 0273-2289
JC  - 6KJ
PG  - 127-138
IP  - 1-2
VI  - 67
AB  - Hemoglobin was hydrolyzed by several enzymes (Proctase, Alcalase,
      Neutrase, papain). Hydrolysates were analyzed (degree of hydrolysis,
      gel permeation on Superose 12 column, tasting) and fractionated by
      ultrafiltration and 2-butanol extraction. The bitter peptides were
      isolated and identified. The results were compared with those already
      obtained with peptic hemoglobin hydrolysates. All the findings were
      confirmed. Ultrafiltration concentrated bitter compounds in the
      fraction corresponding to 500-5000 Da, and these compounds were
      selectively extracted by 2-butanol. All the bitter peptides belonged to
      the same fragment of the beta-chain of bovine hemoglobin. Finally, the
      use of a Superose 12 chromatographic column for easy detection of
      bitter hydrolysates without sensory analysis could be generalized for
      hemoglobin hydrolysates.
AD  - INSA, Centre de Bioingenierie Gilbert Durand (UMR 5504, L.A. INRA),
      Complexe Scientifique de Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
SO  - Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1997 Jul;67(1-2):127-138
UI  - 97474311
PM  - 9335335
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Aparicio OM
AU  - Weinstein DM
AU  - Bell SP
TI  - Components and dynamics of DNA replication complexes in S. cerevisiae:
      redistribution of MCM proteins and Cdc45p during S phase.
MH  - Carrier Proteins/*METABOLISM
MH  - Cell Cycle/GENETICS
MH  - Cell Cycle Proteins/METABOLISM
MH  - DNA Replication/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*METABOLISM
MH  - DNA, Fungal/*METABOLISM/BIOSYNTHESIS
MH  - Enzyme Inhibitors/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Fungal Proteins/*METABOLISM
MH  - Hydroxyurea/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Nuclear Proteins/*METABOLISM
MH  - Replication Origin/GENETICS
MH  - Ribonucleotide Reductases/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - S Phase/GENETICS
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*GENETICS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 127-07-1 (Hydroxyurea)
RN  - 122544-18-7 (CDC6 protein)
RN  - 0 (XMCM7 protein)
RN  - 0 (RRR1 protein)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cdc45 protein)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - EC 1.17.4 (Ribonucleotide Reductases)
DP  - 1997 Oct 3
TA  - Cell
IS  - 0092-8674
JC  - CQ4
PG  - 59-69
IP  - 1
VI  - 91
AB  - In S. cerevisiae, the chromatin structure of DNA replication origins
      changes as cells become competent for DNA replication, suggesting that
      G1 phase-specific association of replication factors with origin DNA
      regulates entry into S phase. We demonstrate that ORC, Cdc45p, and MCM
      proteins are components of prereplication complexes (pre-RC). The MCM-
      origin association is dependent upon ORC and Cdc6p. During S phase, MCM
      proteins and Cdc45p dissociate from origin DNA and associate with
      nonorigin DNA with similar kinetics as DNA Polymerase epsilon, which is
      present at DNA replication forks. Our results identify protein
      components of the pre-RC and a novel replication complex appearing at
      the G1/S transition (the RC), and suggest that after initiation MCM
      proteins and Cdc45p move with eukaryotic replication forks.
AD  - Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
      02139, USA.
SO  - Cell 1997 Oct 3;91(1):59-69
UI  - 97471317
PM  - 9330258
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Carwardine SL
AU  - Hurd H
TI  - Effects of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infection on Anopheles
      stephensi egg development and resorption.
MH  - Aedes/PARASITOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Animal
MH  - Anopheles/*PARASITOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - *Fertility
MH  - Host-Parasite Relations
MH  - Malaria/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Oocytes/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Ovary/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - *Oviposition
MH  - Parasitemia/PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Plasmodium yoelii/PATHOGENICITY/*PHYSIOLOGY
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Med Vet Entomol
IS  - 0269-283X
JC  - A9O
PG  - 265-269
IP  - 3
VI  - 11
AB  - It has been shown previously that infection with Plasmodium yoelii
      nigeriensis reduces the number of eggs produced by female Anopheles
      stephensi. Here we examine the mechanism underlying fecundity
      reduction. Ovaries from infected and uninfected (control) female
      mosquitoes were examined 12, 24 or 36 h after blood-feeding during the
      first gonotrophic cycle (replicated) or the second gonotrophic cycle
      (unreplicated). Follicular development was assessed according to
      Christophers' stages and the proportions of developing and resorbing
      follicles per ovary were determined. Resorption of some follicles
      commenced within 12 h of blood-feeding, affecting significantly more
      follicles in the infected females: 1.1% v. 3.2%. The difference was
      greatest 36 h after blood-feeding: 25% reduction (10 v. 35%) in the
      first cycle; 16% reduction (9 v. 25%) in the second gonotrophic cycle.
      The mean speed of oogenesis was also found to be significantly retarded
      in infected mosquitoes. During the second gonotrophic cycle, for
      example, only 92-94% of follicles reached stage III by 24 h and stage
      IV by 36 h in infected females, whereas all the developing follicles of
      uninfected females reached these stages more or less synchronously in
      the time specified.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, U.K.
SO  - Med Vet Entomol 1997 Jul;11(3):265-269
UI  - 98004266
PM  - 9346280
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Sarno S
AU  - Vaglio P
AU  - Marin O
AU  - Meggio F
AU  - Issinger OG
AU  - Pinna LA
TI  - Basic residues in the 74-83 and 191-198 segments of protein kinase CK2
      catalytic subunit are implicated in negative but not in positive
      regulation by the beta-subunit.
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Calmodulin/METABOLISM
MH  - Down-Regulation (Physiology)
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Heparin/METABOLISM
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Peptide Fragments/*METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*METABOLISM/GENETICS
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RN  - 9005-49-6 (Heparin)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (Calmodulin)
RN  - EC 2.7.10.- (casein kinase II)
RN  - EC 2.7.10 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
DP  - 1997 Sep 1
TA  - Eur J Biochem
IS  - 0014-2956
JC  - EMZ
PG  - 290-295
IP  - 2
VI  - 248
AB  - Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous pleiotropic serine/threonine protein
      kinase whose holoenzyme is comprised of two catalytic (alpha and/or
      alpha') and two non-catalytic, beta-subunits. The beta-subunit
      possesses antagonist functions that can be physically dissected by
      generating synthetic fragments encompassing its N-terminal and C-
      terminal domains. Here we show that by mutating basic residues in the
      74-77 and in the 191-198 regions of the alpha-subunit, the negative
      regulation by the beta-subunit and by its N-terminal synthetic fragment
      CK2beta-(1-77), which is observable using calmodulin as a substrate for
      phosphorylation, is drastically reduced. In contrast, the positive
      regulation by a C-terminal, CK2beta-(155-215)-peptide is unaffected or
      even increased. Moreover, the basal activity of alpha mutants K74-77A,
      K79R80K83A, and R191R195K198A toward specific peptide substrates is
      stimulated by the beta-subunit many fold more than that of alpha wild
      type, while extrastimulation by beta mutant D55L56E57A, observable with
      alpha wild type, is abolished with these mutants. These data support
      the conclusion that down regulation by the acidic residues clustered in
      the N-terminal moiety of beta is mediated by basic residues in the 74-
      83 and in the 191-198 sequences of the alpha-subunit. These are also
      implicated in substrate recognition consistent with the concept that
      the N-terminal acidic region of the beta subunit operates as a
      pseudosubstrate. In contrast, another CK2alpha mutant, V66A, is more
      sensitive to inhibition by either beta-subunit or its N-terminal,
      CK2beta-(1-77)-peptide, while its stimulation by the C-terminal
      peptide, CK2beta-(155-215), is comparable to that of alpha wild type.
      These observations suggest an indirect role of Val66 in conferring to
      the alpha-subunit a conformation less sensitive to down regulation by
      beta-subunit.
AD  - Dipartimento di Chimica Biologica, Universita' di Padova and Centro per
      lo Studio delle Biomembrane del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche,
      Italy.
SO  - Eur J Biochem 1997 Sep 1;248(2):290-295
UI  - 98027736
PM  - 9378063
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nolte W
AU  - Figulla HR
AU  - Ringe B
AU  - Wiltfang J
AU  - Munke H
AU  - Hartmann H
AU  - Pausch J
AU  - Ramadori G
TI  - Refractory hydrothorax in primary biliary cirrhosis: successful
      treatment with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt.
MH  - Case Report
MH  - Diuretics/THERAPEUTIC USE
MH  - English Abstract
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Hydrothorax/ULTRASONOGRAPHY/THERAPY/*SURGERY/RADIOGRAPHY/ETIOLOGY
MH  - Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/*COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Middle Age
MH  - *Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic
MH  - Thoracostomy
RN  - 0 (Diuretics)
DP  - 1997 Oct 17
TA  - Dtsch Med Wochenschr
IS  - 0012-0472
JC  - ECL
PG  - 1275-1280
IP  - 42
VI  - 122
AB  - HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 55-year-old woman with known primary
      biliary cirrhosis (PBC) was hospitalized because of increasing
      dyspnoea. A year before she had for the first time experienced a right-
      sided pleural effusion which had to be drained every 4 weeks. Physical
      examination revealed dullness on percussion and greatly decreased
      breath sounds on auscultation over the entire right thorax. In addition
      there were signs of moderate ascites and leg oedema. INVESTIGATIONS:
      Chest radiograph showed a homogeneous shadowing of the right thorax
      without mediastinal shift. Diagnostic thoracocentesis produced a serous
      effusion, a transudate on chemical analysis, comparable to the
      composition of the ascitic fluid. Bacteriological and cytological tests
      on both fluids were unremarkable. TREATMENT AND COURSE: The right
      pleural effusion was presumed to be due to a hydrothorax from the
      ascites caused by portal hypertension associated with the PBC. Despite
      continuous diuretic treatment and thoracocentesis with albumin
      substitution every 3 days there was no improvement and implantation of
      a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) was
      performed. This effectively lowered portal pressure and markedly
      improved the patient's condition so that further thoracocentesis were
      no longer necessary. 3 weeks after TIPSS implantation she was
      discharged in good condition. Radiography 3 weeks later demonstrated
      continued reduction in the hydrothorax. CONCLUSION: Hydrothorax is a
      rare complication of liver cirrhosis. TIPSS implantation can provide
      lasting resolution and corresponding clinical improvement of a
      hydrothorax, especially in those conditions which are refractory to
      diuretic treatment and thoracocentesis.
AD  - Abteilung Gastroenterologie und Endokrinologie, Stadtische Kliniken
      Kassel.
SO  - Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1997 Oct 17;122(42):1275-1280
UI  - 98005306
PM  - 9345446
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Diamond BJ
AU  - Kim H
AU  - DeLuca J
AU  - Cordero DL
TI  - Cardiovascular regulation in multiple sclerosis.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - *Cardiovascular Physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Rate/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Human
MH  - Male
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Reaction Time
MH  - Respiration/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Spirometry
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Vagus Nerve/PHYSIOLOGY
DP  - 1995 Nov
TA  - Mult Scler
IS  - 1352-4585
JC  - CRO
PG  - 156-162
IP  - 3
VI  - 1
AB  - Traditional assessments of autonomic nervous system function have
      depended on invasive and complex procedures. Vagal power, which is the
      respiratory component of heart rate variability (HRV) is an alternative
      and non-invasive measure for indexing autonomic nervous control of the
      heart. In the current study, 18 multiple sclerosis (MS) and 20 healthy
      subjects matched with respect to age, education and intelligence served
      as subjects. The MS group showed significantly lower vagal power during
      natural and paced breathing than healthy subjects. Importantly, heart
      rate did not differ between the two groups. If MS patients exhibit
      abnormalities in mechanisms mediating cardiac parasympathetic control,
      the impact on quality of life and vulnerability to adverse cardiac
      events need to be further evaluated. The results of this study may have
      implications with respect to the feasibility of using HRV as both a
      diagnostic and prognostic tool for evaluating parasympathetic nervous
      system dysfunction and in providing valuable information for developing
      more effective treatment and rehabilitation strategies.
AD  - Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, Department of Research, West
      Orange, New Jersey 07052, USA.
SO  - Mult Scler 1995 Nov;1(3):156-162
UI  - 97461241
PM  - 9316922
PT  - CLINICAL TRIAL
AU  - Franzen C
AU  - Altfeld M
AU  - Hegener P
AU  - Hartmann P
AU  - Arendt G
AU  - Jablonowski H
AU  - Rockstroh J
AU  - Diehl V
AU  - Salzberger B
AU  - Fatkenheuer G
TI  - Limited value of PCR for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood from
      human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
MH  - Human
MH  - HIV Infections/*PARASITOLOGY/COMPLICATIONS
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*METHODS
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Tomography
MH  - Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/*DIAGNOSIS/COMPLICATIONS/BLOOD
DP  - 1997 Oct
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
IS  - 0095-1137
JC  - HSH
PG  - 2639-2641
IP  - 10
VI  - 35
AB  - Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a common, opportunistic, and often life-
      threatening disease in HIV-infected patients. Diagnosis is supported
      mainly by clinical evidence and computerized tomography or magnetic
      resonance imaging scans, but brain images may share features with other
      brain diseases occurring in HIV-infected patients. To determine the
      diagnostic value of PCR for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in blood
      from HIV-infected patients, we examined 89 blood samples from 59 HIV-
      infected patients. PCR and Southern blot hybridization were done with
      DNA extracted from blood samples from 20 patients with confirmed
      cerebral toxoplasmosis and from 10 patients with suspected but not
      confirmed cerebral toxoplasmosis. The samples were taken before and 7
      to 10 days after the beginning of antiparasitic therapy. For 9 patients
      who suffered from cerebral toxoplasmosis more than 6 months prior to
      the study and for 20 patients without any evidence for toxoplasmosis
      only one blood sample per patient was examined. PCR gave positive
      results with 5 of the 20 blood samples from patients who suffered from
      cerebral toxoplasmosis. After 7 to 10 days of therapy PCR results
      became negative in all these five cases. No amplification was seen with
      DNA from blood samples from the other 54 patients as the target. The
      results presented here show that PCR testing of blood samples from HIV-
      infected patients is of limited value for the diagnosis of cerebral
      toxoplasmosis. The sensitivity was only 25%, but the specificity was
      very high (100%), so this technique may be useful for discriminating
      between cerebral toxoplasmosis and other brain diseases which may be
      mistaken for toxoplasmosis.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Germany.
      Caspar.Franzen@Uni-Koeln.DE
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 1997 Oct;35(10):2639-2641
UI  - 97442049
PM  - 9296268
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Bashir MM
AU  - Abrams WR
AU  - Rosenbloom J
TI  - Molecular cloning and characterization of the bovine tuftelin gene.
MH  - Alternative Splicing
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cloning, Molecular/*METHODS
MH  - Dental Enamel Proteins/*GENETICS
MH  - DNA, Complementary/GENETICS
MH  - Exons/GENETICS
MH  - Genomic Library
MH  - Introns/GENETICS
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/METHODS
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Dental Enamel Proteins)
RN  - 0 (enamelin)
DP  - 1997 Jul
TA  - Arch Oral Biol
IS  - 0003-9969
JC  - 83M
PG  - 489-496
IP  - 7
VI  - 42
AB  - The bovine tuftelin gene was cloned and its structure determined by DNA
      sequence analysis and comparison to that of bovine tuftelin cDNA. The
      analyses demonstrated that the cDNA contains a 1014-bp open reading
      frame encoding a protein of 338 residues with a calculated mol. wt of
      38,630 and an isoelectric point of 5.85. These results differ from
      those previously published, (1991) which contained a different
      conceptual amino acid sequence for the carboxy terminal region and
      identified a different termination codon. The protein does not appear
      to share homology or domain motifs with any other known protein. The
      gene consists of 13 exons ranging in size from 66 to 1531 bp, the
      latter containing the encoded carboxyterminal and 3' untranslated
      regions. The exons are embedded in more than 28 kbp of genomic DNA.
      Codons are generally not divided at exon/intron borders. Several
      alternatively spliced transcripts were identified by DNA sequence
      analysis of the isolated products produced by reverse
      transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction.
AD  - Research Center in Oral Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of
      Dental Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
SO  - Arch Oral Biol 1997 Jul;42(7):489-496
UI  - 98001330
PM  - 9343165
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Thome KC
AU  - Radfar A
AU  - Rosenberg N
TI  - Mutation of Tp53 contributes to the malignant phenotype of Abelson
      virus-transformed lymphoid cells.
MH  - Abelson Leukemia Virus/*GENETICS
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Apoptosis/RADIATION EFFECTS
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/VIROLOGY
MH  - Cell Transformation, Viral/*GENETICS
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - DNA Damage
MH  - Gamma Rays
MH  - *Genes, p53
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Protein p53/PHYSIOLOGY/*GENETICS
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription Factors/GENETICS
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Protein p53)
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - J Virol
IS  - 0022-538X
JC  - KCV
PG  - 8149-8156
IP  - 11
VI  - 71
AB  - Abelson murine leukemia virus transforms pre-B cells in vitro and
      induces rapid-onset pre-B-cell lymphoma in vivo. Expression of an
      active v-Abl protein tyrosine kinase is required for the oncogenic
      functions of the virus. Despite the strong growth-stimulatory signal
      provided by v-Abl, the virus-induced tumors are clonal or oligoclonal,
      and changes in the growth and oncogenic potential of in vitro
      transformants occur during the derivation of the cell lines. Both of
      these features suggest that v-Abl expression must be complemented by
      changes in expression of one or more cellular genes for cells to
      acquire a fully malignant phenotype. Such genes could include other
      oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Among the latter is Tp53, a gene
      mutated in many spontaneous cancers. To determine if mutation of the
      Tp53 tumor suppressor gene plays a role in Abelson virus
      transformation, conformation-specific monoclonal antibodies were used
      to examine p53 expression in a panel of Abelson virus-transformed pre-B
      cells. Expression of mutant forms of p53 was detected in over 40% of
      the isolates. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of point
      mutations affecting the highly conserved central portion of the
      protein. These mutations interfered with the ability of p53 to activate
      transcription from a promoter containing p53-responsive elements and to
      induce apoptosis in response to DNA damage. In addition, cells
      expressing mutant forms of p53 induced a higher frequency of tumors
      with a more rapid course compared to transformants expressing wild-type
      p53. These data suggest that Tp53 is one important cellular gene
      involved in malignant transformation by Abelson virus.
AD  - Department of Pathology and Graduate Program in Immunology, Tufts
      University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
SO  - J Virol 1997 Nov;71(11):8149-8156
UI  - 98016256
PM  - 9351973
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Murakoshi H
AU  - Shi G
AU  - Scannevin RH
AU  - Trimmer JS
TI  - Phosphorylation of the Kv2.1 K+ channel alters voltage-dependent
      activation.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Brain/METABOLISM
MH  - COS Cells/METABOLISM
MH  - Membrane Potentials
MH  - Patch-Clamp Techniques
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Point Mutation
MH  - Potassium Channels/*PHYSIOLOGY/METABOLISM/GENETICS/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Rats
MH  - Serine/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transfection
RN  - 56-45-1 (Serine)
RN  - 0 (Potassium Channels)
RN  - 0 (delayed rectifier potassium channel)
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Mol Pharmacol
IS  - 0026-895X
JC  - NGR
PG  - 821-828
IP  - 5
VI  - 52
AB  - The voltage-gated delayed-rectifier-type K+ channel Kv2.1 is expressed
      in high-density clusters on the soma and proximal dendrites of
      mammalian central neurons; thus, dynamic regulation of Kv2.1 would be
      predicted to have an impact on dendritic excitability. Rat brain Kv2.1
      polypeptides are phosphorylated extensively, leading to a dramatically
      increased molecular mass on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Phosphoamino
      acid analysis of Kv2.1 expressed in transfected cells and labeled in
      vivo with 32P shows that phosphorylation was restricted to serine
      residues and that a truncation mutant, DeltaC318, which lacks the last
      318 amino acids in the cytoplasmic carboxyl terminus, was
      phosphorylated to a much lesser degree than was wild-type Kv2.1. Whole-
      cell patch-clamp studies showed that the voltage-dependence of
      activation of DeltaC318 was shifted to more negative membrane
      potentials than Kv2.1 without differences in macroscopic kinetics;
      however, the differences in the voltage-dependence of activation
      between Kv2.1 and DeltaC318 were eliminated by in vivo intracellular
      application of alkaline phosphatase, suggesting that these differences
      were due to differential phosphorylation. Similar analyses of other
      truncation and point mutants indicated that the phosphorylation sites
      responsible for the observed differences in voltage-dependent
      activation lie between amino acids 667 and 853 near the distal end of
      the Kv2.1 carboxyl terminus. Together, these parallel biochemical and
      electrophysiological results provide direct evidence that the voltage-
      dependent activation of the delayed-rectifier K+ channel Kv2. 1 can be
      modulated by direct phosphorylation of the channel protein; such
      modulation of Kv2.1 could dynamically regulate dendritic excitability.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Institute for Cell and
      Developmental Biology, State University of New York at Stony Brook,
      Stony Brook, New York 11794-5215, USA.
SO  - Mol Pharmacol 1997 Nov;52(5):821-828
UI  - 97455255
PM  - 9309626
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Ruby BC
AU  - Robergs RA
AU  - Waters DL
AU  - Burge M
AU  - Mermier C
AU  - Stolarczyk L
TI  - Effects of estradiol on substrate turnover during exercise in
      amenorrheic females.
MH  - Administration, Cutaneous
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amenorrhea/*PHYSIOPATHOLOGY
MH  - Energy Metabolism
MH  - Estradiol/*PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Estrogen Replacement Therapy
MH  - Exercise/*PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Glucose/*METABOLISM
MH  - Glycerol/METABOLISM
MH  - Human
MH  - Sports/PHYSIOLOGY
MH  - Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RN  - 56-81-5 (Glycerol)
RN  - 50-99-7 (Glucose)
RN  - 50-28-2 (Estradiol)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Med Sci Sports Exerc
IS  - 0195-9131
JC  - MG8
PG  - 1160-1169
IP  - 9
VI  - 29
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of
      transdermal estradiol (E2) replacement on substrate utilization during
      exercise. Amenorrheic females (N = 6) performed three exercise trials
      following 72 h of placebo (C 72) and 72 and 144 h of medicated
      transdermal estradiol (E2) treatment (E2 72 and E2 144). Exercise
      involved 90 min of treadmill running at 65% VO2max followed by timed
      exercise to exhaustion at 85% VO2max. Resting blood samples were
      obtained for glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFA), and E2. Exercise
      blood samples were obtained for E2, lactate, epinephrine, and
      norepinephrine. Rates of appearance and disposal were calculated for
      glucose and glycerol using a primed, continuous infusion of [6,6-2H]
      glucose and [2H5] glycerol. Medicated transdermal placement increased
      E2 significantly at rest, before exercise (35.03 +/- 12.3, 69.5 +/-
      20.1, and 73.1 +/- 31.6 pg.mL-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials,
      respectively, P < 0.05). Resting FFA increased significantly following
      E2 treatment (0.28 +/- 0.16, 0.41 +/- 0.27, and 0.40 +/- 0.21 mmol.L-1
      for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P < 0.05).
      Glucose Ra was significantly decreased during exercise as a result of
      E2 replacement (21.9 +/- 7.7, 18.9 +/- 6.2, and 18.9 +/- 5.6 mumol.kg-
      1.min-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P <
      0.05). Average glucose Rd also decreased during exercise as a result of
      E2 replacement (21.3 +/- 7.8, 18.5 +/- 6.4, and 18.6 +/- 5.8 mumol.kg-
      1.min-1 for the C 72, E2 72, and E2 144 trials, respectively, P <
      0.05). However, the estimated relative contribution of plasma glucose
      and muscle glycogen to total carbohydrate oxidation was similar among
      the trials. Epinephrine values were significantly lower late in
      exercise during the E2 72 and E2 144 trials, compared with the C 72
      trial (P < 0.05). These results indicate that elevated E2 levels can
      alter glucose metabolism at rest and during moderate intensity exercise
      as a result of decreased gluconeogenesis, epinephrine secretion, and/or
      glucose transport.
AD  - Center for Exercise and Applied Human Physiology, University of New
      Mexico, Albuquerque 87131-1258, USA. ruby@selway.umt.edu
SO  - Med Sci Sports Exerc 1997 Sep;29(9):1160-1169
UI  - 97442109
PM  - 9296327
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Spigset O
AU  - Carieborg L
AU  - Ohman R
AU  - Norstrom A
TI  - Excretion of citalopram in breast milk.
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antidepressive Agents/THERAPEUTIC USE/*METABOLISM
MH  - Breast Feeding
MH  - Citalopram/THERAPEUTIC USE/*METABOLISM
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Depressive Disorder/METABOLISM/DRUG THERAPY
MH  - Female
MH  - Human
MH  - Infant
MH  - Milk, Human/*METABOLISM/CHEMISTRY
MH  - Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/THERAPEUTIC USE/*METABOLISM
MH  - Triglycerides/CHEMISTRY
RN  - 59729-33-8 (Citalopram)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Antidepressive Agents)
DP  - 1997 Sep
TA  - Br J Clin Pharmacol
IS  - 0306-5251
JC  - AU9
PG  - 295-298
IP  - 3
VI  - 44
AB  - AIMS: The objective of this study was to measure to secretion of the
      selective serotonin uptake inhibitor citalopram in breast milk.
      METHODS: The excretion of citalopram in breast milk was studied at
      steady-state conditions in two patients with depression and in one
      healthy volunteer after ingestion of a single dose citalopram. RESULTS:
      Milk/serum concentration ratios based on single pairs of samples from
      the two patients ranged from 1.16 to 1.88. Based on milk concentration
      data from the patients, the absolute dose ingested by a suckling infant
      would be 4.3-17.6 micrograms kg-1 day-1, and the relative dose 0.7-5.9%
      of the weight-adjusted maternal dose. Based on area-under-the-time-
      concentration curves from the healthy volunteer, the milk/serum ratio
      was 1.00, the absolute dose to the infant during steady-state
      conditions would be 11.2 micrograms kg-1 day-1 and the relative dose
      1.8% of the weight-adjusted maternal dose. CONCLUSION: The study shows
      that the relative dose to a suckling infant is close to that reported
      for fluoxetine, and higher than reported for fluvoxamine, paroxetine
      and sertraline.
AD  - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Norrland University Hospital, Umea,
      Sweden.
SO  - Br J Clin Pharmacol 1997 Sep;44(3):295-298
UI  - 98006419
PM  - 9348196
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Skinner DC
AU  - Caraty A
AU  - Malpaux B
AU  - Evans NP
TI  - Simultaneous measurement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the third
      ventricular cerebrospinal fluid and hypophyseal portal blood of the ewe.
MH  - Animal
MH  - Estradiol/PHARMACOLOGY
MH  - Female
MH  - Gonadorelin/*CEREBROSPINAL FLUID/*BLOOD
MH  - LH/BLOOD
MH  - Ovariectomy
MH  - Pituitary Gland/*BLOOD SUPPLY
MH  - Pulsatile Flow
MH  - Sheep
MH  - Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
RN  - 9002-67-9 (LH)
RN  - 50-28-2 (Estradiol)
RN  - 33515-09-2 (Gonadorelin)
DP  - 1997 Nov
TA  - Endocrinology
IS  - 0013-7227
JC  - EGZ
PG  - 4699-4704
IP  - 11
VI  - 138
AB  - GnRH is present in the hypophyseal portal blood and cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) of several species investigated, including sheep, but the precise
      relationship between these two compartments of GnRH is unknown. In the
      present study, ovariectomized steroid-treated ewes were surgically
      prepared for the simultaneous collection of portal blood and third
      ventricular CSF. Ten-minute samples were collected for pulse analysis
      after progesterone removal and hourly for comparisons during the
      estradiol-induced LH surge. The time of onset of the portal (15.3 +/-
      0.5 h after estradiol) and CSF (15.9 +/- 0.2 h) GnRH surges was similar
      and occurred coincidentally with the LH surge (15.6 +/- 0.4 h). The
      period of the surge during which GnRH concentrations exceeded half-
      maximal levels (portal, 7.3 +/- 1.5 h; CSF, 7.3 +/- 0.3 h) was the same
      and outlasted the corresponding LH surge period (3.3 +/- 0.3 h). LH
      pulses started and peaked later than the corresponding portal GnRH
      pulses (onset difference, 10 +/- 1 min; peak difference, 16 +/- 1 min;
      P < 0.01 for both), but the times of pulse onset and peak were not
      significantly different from those of concomitant CSF GnRH pulses
      (onset difference, 8 +/- 6 min; peak difference, 8 +/- 4 min). Although
      the times of pulse onset and peak did not differ between the portal and
      CSF GnRH compartments (onset difference, 4 +/- 6 min; peak difference,
      6 +/- 2 min), CSF GnRH pulses were longer than their portal
      counterparts (CSF, 38 +/- 3 min; portal, 15 +/- 1 min; P < 0.01). The
      amplitude of jugular LH pulses was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.85) with
      portal GnRH pulse amplitude, but not with that of CSF GnRH pulses (r2 =
      0.45); there was no correlation between portal and CSF GnRH pulse
      amplitudes (r2 = 0.25). These data show that third ventricular CSF GnRH
      reliably relates neurosecretory events occurring within the hypophyseal
      portal system at the time of the preovulatory LH surge, but is not as
      precise as portal GnRH in marking a LH pulse.
AD  - Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge,
      United Kingdom. skinner@tours.inra.fr
SO  - Endocrinology 1997 Nov;138(11):4699-4704