From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 11:58:26 1997
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From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Betsy Gladfelter - MIA? (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 24 Dec 1996 14:27:13 -0500
From: Bob Steneck <STENECK@MAINE.MAINE.EDU>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Betsy Gladfelter - MIA?

 Does anyone have an e-mail or snail-mail address for Betsy
Gladfelter? I understand she is on sabbatical at Woods Hole.

 Thank you.

 Bob Steneck

========================
Dr. Robert S. Steneck
Professor
School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, Me 04573
U.S.A.
Tele: 207 563- 3146 ext. 233
======================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 11:58:52 1997
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From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: ReefCheck protocol / comments (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 25 Dec 1996 12:29:59 +0100
From: Moshira Hassan <mhassan@geomar.de>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: ReefCheck protocol / comments

Sorry for cross-posting on the coral-list and IYOR list

Gregor,
Thanks for the drafts of the protocols for Reef Check. It seems like it was
quite a bit of work to put together. I am sure Reef Check can work and I am
lloking forward to participating.

I would like to offer some comments about the procedures and hope to hear
your opinions about it.

FIRSTLY, I fully agree with Rick Craig and Bill Alevizon that sites should
not be chosen as "to be considered to be the best available". For the same
reasons Rick and Bill have noted.

SECONDLY: LOGISITCS
*I would like to point out, that the choice of sites will be biased in some
way or another depending on the facilities you will be using. The
IYOR-Germany committee is trying to get a good group together for the Red
Sea, mainly Egypt. We would be "operating" out of diving schools and
centers and using the help of tourists. It might be difficult to actually
"choose" the site as we would be subject to dive-operator sites.
* Generally tourists prefer diving at "good sites". One could surely also
find very dedicated tourists/naturalists who would be ready to also visit
what are considered "bad dive sites".
* The typical tourist likes to visit each site once and then look for
something new (no comment on that attitude). I am sure we can convince the
diving schools and the tourists to spend an entire day, i.e. 2 dives and
snorkeling at a given site.
***So, in fact while there are solutions to the difficulties using diving
centers, we will always be compromising in some way as to the choice of the
sites and the amount of time we can spend there.

QUESTION positioning of transects
I am not quite sure I got the idea: Do you simply mean two transects at 3m,
4m, 10m, and 11m? Arranged as a staircase rather than directly below each
other?

FOURTH: BILL ALEVIZON SAID:
>>>depth positioning should be secondary to coral zonation/habitat-type
>>>considerations.<<<
*I agree that ecologically the zonation/habitat-types are more important
considerations than water depth. In a project as large as Reef Check with
so many different people doing the surveys, I believe it is important to
use a "measurable" parameter such as water depth. A possibility would be
that everybody uses the same depths in the core protocoll. In addition site
specific zones can also be assessed.
*I do agree with Bill in that >>first priority is that the transects need
to be positioned so as to not cross habitat boundaries<<<

FOURTH: Fish "transects"
*Also agree with Bill, that timed counts are more appropriate to count fish
than using the 20m transect belts.

These are just thoughts, and I hope to hear the ideas of people with more
experience than myself on the subject.

Wish you all a wonderful merry Christmas and a happy and successfull New
Year 1997. it will be "our year"!!! So I am sure it will be great!

cheers, moshira

 NEW TELEPHONE!! 0431-6002822

Moshira Hassan/ GEOMAR / Research Center for Marine Geosciences
Wischhofstr. 1-3; 24148 Kiel; Germany
Tel: (49) 431 /6002822 FAX: (49) 431 / 6002941
email: mhassan@geomar.de

1997 will be the INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE REEF.
See German activites at: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/IYOR

"...so long and thanks for all the fish.."

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 11:59:25 1997
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Date: Tue, 7 Jan 1997 12:06:45 -0500 (EST)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Oceanos Vivos Video (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 1996 12:52:54 +0000
From: coral <coral@igc.apc.org>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Oceanos Vivos Video

Happy Holidays!
An Email sent to me with more information regarding Oceanos Vivos was
lost, unfortunately. As I have been receiving requests for more
information and ordering of this video series, I would very much
appreciate it if those in the know would post that information to the
whole Coral list. Thanks very much.
Marcy Roth
Campaign Manager
--
Coral Forest
400 Montgomery Street, Suite 400
San Francisco, CA 94104 USA
(415) 788-REEF (7333)
Fax (415) 331-4064
E-mail: coral@igc.apc.org
Web site: http://www.blacktop.com/coralforest

Coral Forest is a San Francisco-based nonprofit organization dedicated
to protecting coral reef ecosystems around the world through education
and action. We welcome your membership and participation.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 11:59:25 1997
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Date: Tue, 7 Jan 1997 12:07:05 -0500 (EST)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Need a video for IYOR educational program (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 27 Dec 1996 08:39:34 -0500
From: Tony Rath <trath@btl.net>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Need a video for IYOR educational program (fwd)

>Dear Mr. Rath,
>I will be very grateful if you find it. This is my address:
>> >
>> >Rosa Rodriguez
>> >Punta Tulbayab 49, S.M. 24
>> >77509 Cancun, Q. Roo
>> >Mexico
>> >

Rosa,

I've tried to reply to you, but your email address appears to be wrong.
Could you confirm your email address please?

I'll get the video in the mail next week.

Happy Holidays!

Tony

--------------------------------------------------------------
Visit Belize by Naturalight at: http://www.belizenet.com/ for your
complete source of information about coral reefs, rainforest, Mayan ruins,
ecotourism, weather, weekly newspaper, and so much more. Not just another
website... but a work of art.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 11:59:26 1997
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Date: Tue, 7 Jan 1997 12:06:55 -0500 (EST)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: ReefCheck protocol / comments (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 26 Dec 1996 10:52:06 -0500 (EST)
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: ReefCheck protocol / comments

At 12:29 PM 12/25/96 +0100, Moshira Hassan wrote:

>* Generally tourists prefer diving at "good sites". One could surely also
>find very dedicated tourists/naturalists who would be ready to also visit
>what are considered "bad dive sites".

I am a Canadian diver who has snorkelled/dived the same reef off West Maui each summer now since 1977. Back then it WAS a "good site". Over the years through a remarkable blend of carelessness and ignorance, "progress" has turned it into a "bad dive sit
e".

My husband and I still dive there. What has disgusted us over the years is the lack of voice on the part of the dive industry whose attitude appears to be, if a dive site turns bad, find another. This is exactly what we were told when our dive site got
trashed.

"Go to South Maui. It's cleaner and the condos are cheaper too." This advice came from a highly regarded dive master.

I have heard the same comment from tourist/divers about former good dive sites now degraded and in decline. They simply go somewhere else.

What baffles me is neither the dive industry or divers themselves appear to understand that if you keep running (swimming?) away, sooner or later, you WILL run out of good dive sites. That message needs to be sent out.

Moshira Hassan wrote:

>* The typical tourist likes to visit each site once and then look for
>something new (no comment on that attitude).

OK, so I will. My husband and I have dived the same location in Maui just over 700 times now. You can imagine how well you can know an area and how well the inhabitants can get to know you. Winter '94 we visited Grand Cayman and did some boat dives.

The dive master would offer suggestions for dive sites and the divers would say, "No, been there three days ago". HOW visiting a place just once planted an idea that they'd actually seen it or had nothing more to experience from the place left us with a
mixture of bafflement and contempt. So there's my comment on THAT attitude.

Moshira Hassan wrote:

>I am sure we can convince the diving schools and the tourists to spend an entire day, i.e. >2 dives and snorkeling at a given site.

For many tourists, once they've done the two dives (time usually dictated by the one who hoovers the air faster than anyone else) they are eager to return to the harbour and land so they can go on with the rest of their vacation.

The same people who feel they don't need to ever revisit a site after they've dived it once, find sitting on a boat rather boring because after seeing the blue ocean, scanning the horizon, sighting the occasional flying fish --dolphins too perhaps, they c
rave something new.

There is no remote control on a dive boat and so they can't fast forward or switch channels to relieve the Been There, Done That syndrome.

As you might guess, my husband and I are now exclusively shore divers and only dive at OUR site.. a bad dive site. We find the ocean inhabitants have considerably longer attention spans than the average tourist/diver and they don't blow air as fast eithe
r.

Still I do wish all of you success in this reef monitoring thrust. What you are all attempting here is of vital importance.

Forgive the general miffed tone of my message. I just received word via the Net that our dive site has experienced powerful rains and the concrete channel just to the south has once again spewed thousands of gallons of red soil from pineapple fields dire
ctly into the ocean and our dive site.

The red extends along much of the coast and out to the "boat lanes". That is 60 feet of water and exactly where a group of turtles suffering from a debilitating disease called fibropapillomas live out their lives. We have dived through two previous "Red
 Rains" and so we know exactly what they are experiencing right now.

I am left with a helpless rage and a question.

How can we treat our oceans so shamefully?

 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@io.org
 /V^\ I I /^V\
 /V Turtle Trax V\ http://www.turtles.org

 PLEASE SUPPORT Green Turtle Fibropapilloma RESEARCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 11:59:53 1997
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From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: New Wetlands Listserv! (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 30 Dec 1996 11:55:19 +0000
From: Eric Eckl <eckl@eli.org>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, dialog-agua-l@acc.fau.edu,
 ecol-agric@mailbase.ac.uk
Subject: New Wetlands Listserv!

***Apologies for Cross-Posting***
***Please share with any interested parties or mailing lists***

 New Wetlands Listserv launched!

 The Environmental Law Institute is pleased to announce a new
 information service for the wetlands community. ELI-Wetlands is
 an electronic forum for the discussion of all aspects of the law,
 policy science, and management of wetlands, floodplains, and coastal
 water resources. Participation in this list is open to all, no
 approval is needed to sign up.

 ELI-Wetlands will be used to exchange information and ideas,
 announce conferences, call for papers, and alert wetlands
 professionals to new publications. Topics of discussion include
 but are certainly not limited to Clean Water Act Section 404
 permitting, wetlands restoration, mitigation banking, and wetland
 protection efforts in such regions as the Chesapeake Bay, Everglades,
 and coastal Louisiana.

Postings to ELI-Wetlands will be archived in a conference entitled
"eli.wetlands" on the IGC network "Econet"

 TO SUBSCRIBE:

 Send an e-mail message to majordomo@igc.org with

 subscribe eli-wetlands <your e-mail address>

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 will be ignored.

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 list. To subscribe and unsubsubscribe, e-mail goes to
 majordomo@igc.org. To share a message with the list, e-mail goes to
 eli-wetlands@igc.org.

 Environmental Law Institute is an internationally recognized
 center for research and development on environmental law, policy, and
 management. An independent, tax exempt, and nonpartisan institution,
 ELI provides information, research, and policy analysis to a broad
 constituency of environmental professionals in government, the
 private bar, industry, environmental advocacy organizations,
 academia, and the media.

 For more information about ELI-Wetlands, contact Teresa Opheim at
 topheim@aol.com.

 For more information about the Environmental Law Institute,
 contact Eric Eckl at eckl@eli.org.

___________________________________

Eric Eckl
Assistant Director of Communications
Environmental Law Institute
1616 P Street, NW
Suite 200
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 939-3248
Fax: (202) 939-3868
eckl@eli.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 11:59:54 1997
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Date: Tue, 7 Jan 1997 12:07:13 -0500 (EST)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Need a video for IYOR educational program (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 27 Dec 1996 08:49:17 -0500
From: Tony Rath <trath@btl.net>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Need a video for IYOR educational program (fwd)

For those of you interested in coral reef videos, try this address for the
two videos we produced in Belize:

 curiculm@earthfound.com

This is the Earth Foundation out of Houston. Please let me know again if
you have any trouble. The previous email address I sent must have been
wrong.

Tony

--------------------------------------------------------------
Visit Belize by Naturalight at: http://www.belizenet.com/ for your
complete source of information about coral reefs, rainforest, Mayan ruins,
ecotourism, weather, weekly newspaper, and so much more. Not just another
website... but a work of art.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 13:28:49 1997
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Date: Tue, 7 Jan 1997 12:05:43 -0500 (EST)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Reply-To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: listservers working
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Ladies and Gentlemen,

	Because of some difficulties encountered with the setting up of a
firewall (for Internet security), our listservers have been inoperable for
about the last week. I thank you for your patience, but things
(concerning the lists) should hopefully be back to normal now.

	Unfortunately, we are still having some problems with the Coral
Health and Monitoring Home Page, but hopefully that will be fixed soon.

	If you have any problems, please drop me a line.

	Thanks again for your patience.

	Sincerely yours,

	Jim Hendee
	hendee@aoml.noaa.gov

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 14:46:53 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: NOAA and IYOR
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 06 Jan 1997 14:31:46 -0500 (EST)
From: mstout@rdc.noaa.gov
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov

January 6, 1997

Dear Colleague:

As you know, 1997 has been designated the International Year of the Reef
(IYOR). The United States government agencies and more than 50 other
organizations from around the globe have sanctioned the 1997 IYOR to raise
awareness of the value of coral reefs and the challenges they face. The IYOR
is an effort to promote and pursue the goals of the International Coral Reef
Initiative (ICRI), a partnership of nations and organizations to protect and
sustainably use fragile coral reef resources world-wide.

Why should we care about coral reefs? Coral reefs are important to our
future. Reefs are:

	home and nursery for almost a million fish and other species, many
		that we rely on for food;
 	some of the earth's most diverse living ecosystems;
 	full of new and undiscovered biomedical resources that we've only
		just begun to explore;
 	important protection for coastal communities from storms, wave damage
		and erosion.

Coral reefs also attract hundreds of thousands of divers, snorkelers and
other tourists to tropical coasts every year. This recreation and travel
supports a significant tourism industry dependent on clean waters and healthy
coral reefs.

In the United States, the Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the primary federal agency responsible
for the stewardship of marine resources including coral reefs. NOAA's
activities include monitoring the health of domestic coral reefs, restoring
damaged or destroyed sections of coral reefs, and working with states and
other partners to maintain the health of coral reefs through management,
research and education.

Where can you get more information? NOAA is working in partnership with other
organizations to provide you with a list of experts and topics of interest.

Throughout 1997, NOAA will provide you with new information every week on a
wide variety of issues related to coral reefs, and direct access to experts
in many fields. Each of the 52-weekly coral stories includes ideas and
experts, with issues ranging from threats to reefs (e.g., dynamite fishing in
the tropical), to solutions (e.g., protected area management) and reef
restoration projects (e.g., coral transplanting techniques).

Although NOAA is the coordinating entity for this effort, the list of story
ideas and experts includes individuals from a variety of universities,
agencies and organizations such as the American Association for Zoos and
Aquariums and the IUCN (World Conservation Union).

The sheets enclosed with this letter show how to access the 52 stories or
find out more about NOAA's 1997 activities on coral reefs. If you have any
questions or suggestions please contact Matt Stout in my office (phone:
202-482-6090; fax 202-482-3154) or visit NOAA's coral reef home page at:

	http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/coral-reef/

What can be done? The stakes are high: two-thirds of the earth's coral reefs
are dying. It is estimated that 10-percent of the earth's coral reefs have
already been degraded beyond recovery. A much larger percentage is now
threatened. Human activities are among the major cause of reef decline.

Increasing public awareness about the value and plight of coral reefs can
make a difference. I hope you will consider using these story ideas as
valuable resources to explore the importance of our coral reefs, the
challenges facing them, and some of the techniques being used to find
solutions.

Thank you for your assistance. I look forward to working with you on this
important topic.

	Sincerely,

	Lori A. Arguelles

	Director
	NOAA Office of Public Affairs

-------------------------

REPORTER'S TIP SHEET

Week 1
1977 International Year of the Reef

What is the International Year of the Reef?

In response to the growing threat to coral reefs around the world, 1997 has
been declared the International Year of the Reef.

Scientists and conservation groups, concerned about the state of the world's
reefs, urged governments, scientists, environmental organizations and the
private sector around the world to join together in addressing the following
challenges:

	- execute a major program of public education about coral reefs;
	- scientifically assess the conditions of coral reefs worldwide; and
	- collaborate with governments, local communities and other reef
		managers to develop and implement plans for the
		sustainable use of irreplaceable reef resources.

The public campaign of IYOR is an important element of the International
Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), launched by governments in 1995 through a Call
to Action and Framework for Action. Through IYOR, ICRI is creating and
strengthening public-private partnerships to address the global degradation
of coral reef ecosystems.

Available Resources Found on the NOAA Coral Reef Home Page:

	 http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/coral-reef/

IYOR Activities Completed or Underway - November 1996
IYOR Brochure
IYOR Tool Kits:
	- Selected Guidelines, Handbooks and "Tools" for Coral Reef
		Management
	- Coral Reef Education Resource List
	- IYOR Checklists for Action: Government research institutions
		and scientists, dive and tour operators, schools
		and teachers, local and national NGOs
ICRI Call to Action
ICRI Framework for Action
ICRI Report to UN Commission on Sustainable Development

Additional resources available from:
Matt Stout
NOAA Public Affairs
U.S. Department of Commerce
14th and Constitution NW Room 6013
Washington, DC 20230
202-482-6090
coralreef@www.rdc.noaa.gov

-----------------------
CORAL EXPERTS:

Contacts:

Arthur Paterson
NOAA, Office of International Affairs
Tel: 202-482-6196
Fax: 202-482-4307
Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov

Robert Ginsburg
Chair,
IYOR Organizing Committee
University of Miami/RSMAS
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy
Miami, Fl. 33149 USA
Tel: 305-361-4875
Fax: 305-361-4094 or 4632
E-mail: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu

Stephen Colwell
Co-Chair
IYOR Public Awareness and Conservation Committee
c/o Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL)
64 Shattuck Square,
Suite 220
Berkeley, CA 94794 USA
Tel: 510-848-0110
Fax: 510-848-3720
E-mail: IYOR1997@aol.com

Peter Thomas
U.S. Department of State
Washington D.C.
Tel: 202-736-7113
Fax: 202-736-7351
E-mail: pthomas@state.gov
Current U.S. ICRI Coordinator and Former ICRI Secretariat Coordinator

Dr. Richard Kenchington
Senior Director
External Services Section
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
P.O. Box 791
Canberra, A.C.T. 2601 Australia
tel:	61-6-247-0211
fax:	61-6-247-5761
email:	r.kenchington@gbrmpa.gov.au
- International Secretariat lead on International Coral Reef Initiative
- Member of IYOR Steering Committee (Education)
- Information about Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and Aquarium
activities

Dr. Paul Holthus/Dr. Magnus Ngoile
Marine and Coastal Programme Coordinator.
IUCN/World Conservation Union
Tel: 41-22-999-0251
Fax: 41-22-999-0025
E-mail: PFH@hq.iucn.org
Member of ICRI Executive Planning Committee

Sue Wells
Co-Chair IYOR Public Awareness and Conservation Committee, and Marine
Programme Coordinator, World Wildlife Fund for Nature
c/o WWF International
Avenue Monte Blanc
Gland 1196, Switzerland
Tel: 41-22-364-9545
Fax: 41-22-364-5829
swells@wwfnet.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 8 10:43:11 1997
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Date: Wed, 8 Jan 1997 10:42:52 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: correction of correction
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Tough day yesterday...

The REAL Web address for the NOAA/IYOR 52-Stories Tip Sheet is:

	http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/coral-reef.html

These documents are also available on the CHAMP Home Page at:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/bulls.html

["NOAA's Office of Public Affairs releases a letter and tips for 52
articles for the International Year of the Reef. (January 7, 1997)."]

Sorry about the inconvenience.

	Cheers,

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 7 15:23:24 1997
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Date: Tue, 7 Jan 1997 15:08:47 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: NOAA/IYOR Web address correction
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In the last message from NOAA's Public Affairs office concerning the
International Year of the Reef, the actual Web address for the tip sheets
for weekly story ideas should have been listed as:

	http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/public-affairs/coral-list.html

Sorry for any inconvenience.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 8 16:49:07 1997
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From: "Jon Davies" <Jon.Davies@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: Coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 8 Jan 1997 15:59:07 +0000
Subject: Underwater science conference: call for papers
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Please could you draw the following conference details to the
attention of anyone who may be interested.

Appologies for cross postings.

Many thanks.

-----------------------------------------------------------------

CONFERENCE

The Fourth Underwater Science Symposium

18-20 September 1997

Newcastle-upon-Tyne

organised by the Underwater Science Group of Society for Underwater
Technology

CALL FOR PAPERS

This Fourth Symposium, planned and organised by the Underwater Science
Group of the SUT will bring together experts and enthusiasts from the
diverse underwater science community. At this low-cost event delegates
will enjoy presentations and posters on current underwater scientific
activities and technology, and with published, peer-reviewed
proceedings. There will be a `hands-on try-it' session where
manufacturers will provide advanced equipment for delegates to test -
for example re-breather systems for diving.

The 1997 Symposium will have a varied programme which aims to reflect
the broad interests of the USG, and to stimulate discussion on diving
technology and scientific methods in areas such as oceanography,
marine biology, marine geology, underwater archaeology, and
photography. Papers on the main conference theme are encouraged from
professional scientists, engineers, students and others with an
interest in all disciplines of marine science and technology.

PAPERS ARE INVITED ON:

All aspects of underwater science including Diving Technology, Marine
Archaeology, Scientific Techniques, Inspection Survey and Recovery,
Marine Environmental Sciences

Abstract deadline: 27 January 1997. Authors will be contacted in
February with a view to submitting full manuscripts by lae

All papers will be peer reviewed and published in the conference
proceedings.

Send Abstracts (no more than 200 words) to:

Jean Pritchard, Conference Organiser, Society for Underwater
Technology, Innovation Centre, Exploration Drive, Offshore Technology
Park, Bridge of Don, Aberdeen, AB23 8GX, UK.
Tel: 01224 823637, Fax: 01224 820236.

or by email to:
Jon.Davies@ncl.ac.uk

Local organiser: Dr Jon Davies, Dept. Marine Science & Coastal
Management, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. (Full address below)

-----------------------------------------------------------------

There is also a STUDENT SESSION where there will be a prize for the
best student paper/poster.

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Further information can be obtained at:

http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/OTHERS/SUT

(please note the Upper/lowercase in this address)

-----------------------------------------------------------------

Dr Jon Davies
Department of Marine Science & Coastal Management
University of Newcastle,
Ridley Building
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU. UK
Tel: +44 (0)191 222 5461
Fax: +44 (0)191 222 7891
Email: Jon.Davies@ncl.ac.uk
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nbiomar

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 "Celso S. Barrientos" <cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
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NESDIS inaugurates new experimental AVHRR "HotSpot" Chart for
NOAA's Coral Reef Initiative

http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html

	6 JAN 1997 - Notes:

This chart shows a difference map between the present satellite-derived
SSTs from AVHRR and the climatological MAXIMUM monthly mean
for the entire year. Where these differences exceed 1 deg C, bleaching is
expected. Areas highlighted in either hemisphere denote surface waters
where these "hotspots" exist...when they overlie coral reefs bleaching
should be suspected.

We encourage feedback on this special product that has helped kick-off
the International Year of the Reef [IYOR].

At this time the only bleaching potential appears to be along the northern
coast of Australia and possibly around Papua New Guinea.

AES

We encourage your comments......

***************************************************************************
Physical Scientist/Oceanographer 	Adj. Asst. Professor
NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 				US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711 Oceanography Department
 Camp Springs, MD 20233 Annapolis, MD 21402
	301-763-8102 410-293-6566 [v-mail]
 Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov strong@nadn.navy.mil
	FAX: 301-763-8020 FAX: 410-293-2137
 http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html
*****************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 13 11:05:04 1997
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Date: Mon, 13 Jan 1997 10:43:37 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: EPA RFP
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Forwarded message:

============================================

OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 4 - ATLANTA, GEORGIA

 WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PROGRAM
 FOR THE
 FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 4 announces
opportunities for special studies in the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary.

Special studies are requested on the following priority topics:
 1. Effects of wastewater pollutants on Sanctuary resources
 2. Effects of Florida Bay discharge on Sanctuary resources
 3. Effects of mosquito control measures on non-targeted organisms
 4. Public health concerns in canals or other confined waters in
the Florida Keys
 5. Diseases of corals.

 BACKGROUND

The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary was created by Public Law
101-605, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act of
1990. Included in the Sanctuary are 2800 square nautical miles of
nearshore waters extending from Biscayne Bay to the Dry Tortugas. The
1990 Act directed EPA and the State of Florida, in consultation with the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), to develop a Water
Quality Protection Program (WQPP) for the Sanctuary. This is the first
designated marine sanctuary required to have a WQPP.

The purpose of the WQPP is to recommend priority corrective actions and
compliance schedules addressing point and nonpoint sources of pollution to
restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of
the Sanctuary. This includes restoration and maintenance of a balanced,
indigenous population of corals, shellfish, fish and wildlife, and
recreational activities in and on the water. In addition, the Act
requires the development of a comprehensive water quality monitoring
program. This announcement concerns the Research/Special Studies
Component of the WQPP.

Since 1991, EPA and the State of Florida have worked with NOAA and other
federal, state, and local governmental agencies, university scientists,
environmental groups, and the public to develop a WQPP for the Sanctuary.
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program Amendments Act of 1992 requires
EPA and the State to implement the WQPP in cooperation with NOAA. A
"Water Quality Protection Program Document" was recently approved by the
WQPP Steering Committee and contains the rationale and strategies to
achieve the goals of the WQPP.

-2-

EPA and the State have developed an "Implementation Plan for Monitoring
and Special Studies" associated with the WQPP. The Implementation Plan
prioritizes monitoring and special studies programs based upon available
funding and existing management priorities. The Implementation Plan also
includes a general description of steps to be taken in implementing the
monitoring and special studies programs. The monitoring program involves
systematic, long-term data collection and analysis to assess the status of
water quality and biological resources (corals and seagrass communities)
and to detect changes over time. The Special Studies Program includes
short- and long-term data collection, to understand causal linkages
between pollution sources and ecological problems. This understanding
will be used to develop predictive models, devise corrective actions, and
improve the monitoring program.

The overall objective of the Special Studies Program is to identify and
understand cause and effect relationships among pollutants, and their
transport pathways, and the biological communities of the Sanctuary.
Specific objectives are to: 1) identify and document cause and effect
linkages between specific pollutants, water quality problems, and
ecological impacts; 2) improve understanding of Sanctuary ecosystems, and
develop predictive capabilities based on that understanding; and, 3)
develop monitoring and research tools to detect pollutants, provide early
warning of widespread ecological problems, and identify cause and effect
relationships.

PRIORITY TOPICS FOR SPECIAL STUDIES

Effects of wastewater pollutants and Florida Bay influence on Sanctuary
resources are the two priority topics addressed in the Implementation
Plan. Three additional priority topics were recently identified by the
WQPP Technical Advisory Committee, including effects of mosquito control
measures on non-targeted organisms, public health concerns associated with
canal systems or other confined waterbodies, and coral diseases.

Wastewater Pollutants

Despite the magnitude of wastewater pollutant loadings, insufficient data
exist to definitively establish cause and effect relationships between
onsite disposal systems, package plant injection wells, or cesspits and
ecological problems in the Sanctuary. Existing observations and studies,
together with the magnitude and extent of estimated pollutant loadings
from wastewater sources are a strong indication that wastewater pollutants
are reaching nearshore waters and affecting biological resources.
However, given the potential cost of the wastewater options under
consideration, additional data are needed to document ecological impacts
that can be specifically linked to these pollutants. Also, alternative,
cost effective nutrient removal methods need to be devised and/or tested.

Special studies are needed to: 1) establish pollutant loading thresholds
above which biotic communities are adversely impacted; 2) detect the
presence of wastewater pollutants from onsite

-3-

disposal systems, cesspits, package plant bore holes, and/or surface water
discharges and determine relative contributions of each to Sanctuary
surface waters, groundwaters, and/or sediments; 3) document the transport
of pollutants and describe the severity and extent of ecological impacts
that can be specifically linked to these pollutants; and, 4) test the
efficiency and cost effectiveness of alternative onsite treatment and
disposal options.

Florida Bay

Significant water quality and other ecological problems have developed in
Florida Bay in recent years. Problems include massive seagrass die-off,
phytoplankton blooms, sponge die-offs, mangrove die-backs, and population
reductions in economically significant species. Even under "normal"
conditions, transport of Florida Bay waters of variable temperature,
salinity, and turbidity can result in significant impacts to the water
quality and biological resources of the Sanctuary. In addition, western
Florida shelf waters are another source of water quality concerns which
could impact Sanctuary resources.

Special studies are needed to: 1) estimate long-term net transport and
episodic transport from Florida Bay and the western Florida shelf to the
Sanctuary, movement of water within the Sanctuary, and exchange mechanisms
at the shelf edge for water moving out to the reef tract; and 2) evaluate
whether Florida Bay and western Florida shelf waters flowing into the
Sanctuary are influencing Sanctuary communities, including seagrasses,
coral reefs, nearshore hard bottom communities, and other biota.

Mosquito Control

Ground and aerial spraying of pesticides are used by Monroe County
Mosquito Control District (MCD) to control adult and larval mosquito
populations. Although the MCD attempts to avoid aquatic areas during
aerial and ground spraying, the potential exists for pesticides to reach
marine waters. The MCD has recently begun using ultra-low volume (ULV)
spraying. While ULV may reduce the amount of pesticide applied, there may
be greater potential for drift of the fine droplets to non-targeted areas.
There are currently no data on the effects of the mosquito control program
on living resources of the FKNMS.

Special studies are needed to: 1) assess environmental concentrations and
effects of pesticides on Sanctuary resources; 2) assess alternative
mosquito control methods, such as ditching, larvicides, and biological
controls; and, 3) evaluate the ecological impacts of the use of pesticides
and herbicides in the Florida Keys.

Public Health Concerns in Canals

A major source of nutrients to nearshore and confined waters of the
Florida Keys is poorly treated domestic wastewater. There are
approximately 17,000 septic tanks, 12,000 cesspits, 700 shallow injection
wells, and 139 marinas harboring more than 15,000 boats. Nutrients from
these various sources can enter the more than 700 canals and other
confined water bodies present in the Keys. Several studies have
demonstrated the rapid transport of sewage effluent from onsite disposal
systems to adjacent canals. Elevated fecal coliform bacteria have been

-4-

found in canals, anchorages, and in groundwaters. To date there has been
no comprehensive study to determine the public health risks of confined
waters of the Florida Keys.

Special studies are needed to: 1) investigate and compile existing data
on public health risks associated with canals or other confined waters in
the Florida Keys; 2) determine adequacy of existing data on public health
risks and if data are not adequate, survey waters and sediments of canals,
marina basins, and other nearshore waters to assess the presence of
disease causing microbes or other organisms associated with wastewater
pollution; 3) assess the risk to the public of disease organisms in
nearshore waters; and, 4) if found, assess methods of reducing spread of
infectious diseases.

Coral Diseases

Reports of diseases on corals throughout the world have significantly
increased in recent years. Several new diseases on hard and soft corals
have been recently discovered in the Florida Keys environs. The
etiologies of coral diseases in general, and the newly discovered diseases
in particular, are largely unknown. Also, the role of environmental
factors, such as degraded water quality, in the onset and development of
the diseases is not understood.

Special studies are needed to 1) quantify the distribution and abundance
of coral diseases in Sanctuary waters; 2) identify the causal agents of
coral diseases and mechanisms for spread; 3) assess environmental
conditions which may result in onset of diseases; and, 4) identify and
evaluate methods of prevention and treatment of coral diseases.

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS

EPA has secured approximately $500,000 to fund the special studies
discussed above. Accepted proposals will be eligible to receive funds
from EPA via a grant, cooperative agreement, or interagency agreement
(federal agencies). Proposals may be written for one or two years.
Individual grants/cooperative agreements/interagency agreements should not
exceed a total of $100,000 for the length of the project. Instruction for
proposal preparation and terms and conditions of grants are fully
described in the Program Description and Proposal Guidelines.

Investigators interested in submitting proposals should fill out the form
attached to this announcement and send it to the address or FAX number
given on the form. Upon receipt of a completed form, a detailed proposal
package including the Program Description and Proposal Guidelines will be
mailed to respondents..

Submission of a preproposal is required. Preproposals must be submitted
no later than February 17, 1997. Preproposals will be evaluated and
ranked by the Management Committee of the WQPP. Evaluation of
preproposals will be based upon conformance to the goals and objectives of
the WQPP. A full description of goals, objectives and priorities of the
WQPP is given in the "Water Quality Protection Program Document" which is
available upon request.

-5-

Investigators who have submitted a preproposal will be notified by
February 24, 1997 whether a full proposal should be submitted for review.
The deadline for receipt of final proposals is March 24, 1997.

Proposals will be peer reviewed by an external review panel and ranked
according to scientific merit and feasibility. Highly ranked proposals
will be presented to the WQPP Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) for
review. The TAC will rank proposals with high scientific merit based upon
relevance to the goals of the WQPP. The Management Committee will give
great weight to the recommendations of the Technical Advisory Committee in
making their final selection of proposals for funding. The Management
Committee will present their top candidates for funding to the Special
Studies Subcommittee of the Steering Committee for final approval. Grants
will be awarded on or before September 30, 1997.

If you have any questions concerning the Water Quality Protection Program
or this request for proposals, please call Bill Kruczynski at 305
743-0537.

 OPPORTUNITIES FOR SPECIAL STUDIES

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION 4 - ATLANTA, GEORGIA

 WATER QUALITY PROTECTION PROGRAM
 FOR THE
 FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY

Investigators interested in submitting proposals for special studies in
the Florida Keys National marine Sanctuary should complete this form and
send it by mail or FAX to:

 Dr. Bill Kruczynski, Program Scientist
 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
 Water Quality Protection Program
 P.O. Box 500368
 Marathon, Florida 33050
 FAX (305) 743-3304

Send Request for Proposal Package
(Yes/No):______________________________________

Name:______________________________________ Title:____________________________

Affiliation:___________________________________________________________________

Department:__________________________________________________________________

Mailing Address:_____________________________ City:____________________________

State:_______________________________________ Zip:_____________________________

Telephone Number:___________________________ FAX:____________________________

Email:_______________________________________________________________________

Your topic(s) of interest: Wastewater
Nutrients______________________

 Florida Bay
Influence______________________

 Mosquito
Control__________________________

 Public
Health_____________________________

 Coral
Disease_____________________________

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 13 17:13:09 1997
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From: MCGRATTA@corning-cc.edu
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Date: Mon, 13 Jan 1997 16:49:03 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Historical SSTs and intertidal scleractinian corals (w. Atlantic)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Having tried several of the sites recommended on this list-server, I
am still unable to access historical SST data. I am particularly
interested in data from the Bahamas for September, October and
November 1995. Can someone set me on the right path?

I would very much appreciate any reference information or leads on
information published on Western Atlantic scleractinian corals
found in the intertidal. Historical as well as recent information is
welcomed.

Thanks for your help.

Tom McGrath, P.I.
Bahamian Reef Survey
mcgratta@corning-cc.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 14 12:50:22 1997
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From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Sanctuary Testimony
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The following testimony was delivered yesterday, January 13, to a
meeting of the aides to Governor Chiles and the Cabinet in
Tallahassee. On January 28, the Governor and Cabinet will meet
to sign off on a cooperative management agreement with NOAA to
administer the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.

This plan needs support. Those who are inclined are urged to
write to the Governor asking his endorsement of the Sanctuary
Management Plan.

INTRODUCTION

 My name is John Ogden and I am Director of the Florida
Institute of Oceanography (FIO) and Professor of Biology at the
University of South Florida. The FIO is a Type I institute of
the State University System representing the marine scientists of
the 9 state universities, the Florida Department of Environmental
Protection (DEP), the Florida Sea Grant Program, and the
University of Miami. We operate two oceanographic ships, the R/V
Bellows (71 ft.) and the R/V Suncoaster (102 ft.) and the Keys
Marine Laboratory in partnership with DEP. The FIO is also a
focal point for the development and funding of multi-disciplinary
projects of importance to Florida and the Caribbean region in
coastal oceanographic research and education.

 After Congress created the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary (FKNMS) in 1990, I was appointed by the Secretary of
Commerce to serve on the Sanctuary Advisory Council to provide
scientific input into the 6 year effort to develop the Management
Plan which is before you today. During this period research
projects developed and funded by the FIO and carried out by
marine scientists from Florida's universities and agencies raised
the issues of coral reef decline, degrading water quality, and
the connection between the health of Florida Bay and the health
of the contiguous waters of the Sanctuary.

THREE KEY POINTS

 I would like to make three points. First, I want to discuss
the importance and uniqueness of the process that created the
Sanctuary. In my opinion it is an example of participatory
democracy at its best. The Management Plan in front of you is
exemplary of a local, state and federal partnership for the
sustainable use of marine resources. Second, I want to highlight
two key Action Plans, Water Quality and Zoning, of the ten
contained in the overall Plan, which are controversial,
expensive, and politically sensitive precisely because they are
likely to be effective. Finally, I want to emphasize that this
Plan provides unique opportunities for the natural and social
scientists of Florida's academic institutions and government
agencies to create a powerhouse of knowledge and experience in
coastal management in Florida which will lead the nation.

I. THE SANCTUARY PLANNING PROCESS WAS A GRASSROOTS EFFORT

 In 1991, a marine resource management planning process of
unprecedented size and complexity was implemented in the FKNMS by
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
centering on the Sanctuary Advisory Council (SAC), a broadly
representative group of local stakeholders. The SAC was
supported by an interagency group of Federal, State, and local
agencies and directed by a NOAA team from the Sanctuaries and
Reserves Division. From 1991-1993, the SAC held many meetings in
the Keys working through a management plan development process
devoted to identification of problem areas and of short- and
long-term management actions, including their operational
requirements. Public input was sought at every step and there
were hundreds of people who gave detailed testimony. In late
1993, the SAC adopted a draft management plan which was published
by NOAA in March 1995. The draft was reviewed in an exhaustive
series of public hearings, workshops, local TV broadcasts, and
small group meetings over the next 9 months. In December 1995,
the SAC, using input from public hearings, made its final
recommendations to NOAA and the present Plan was published late
last summer.

 This was a grassroots effort. The SAC, composed of local
business people, fishers, divers, treasure salvors, and
environmentalists was extraordinarily influential in the process.
By outreach of the SAC members to their constituencies there
isn't anyone in the community who can truthfully say that he or
she had no opportunity to be heard. There were literally
hundreds of venues that were created over the 6 year process. In
fact, one could argue that for a national resource, the citizens
of Monroe County had almost too much influence. However, I hope
that they can take justifiable pride in their accomplishment.

II. TWO KEY ACTION PLANS: WATER QUALITY AND ZONING

 The Plan recognizes that human alteration of the land is a
major cause of declining water quality. Poor land-use destroys
the buffering of coastal forests and vegetation leaving nearshore
waters unprotected from land runoff, changing formerly "gin
clear" coastal waters to those clouded by plankton blooms and
sediments which can kill organisms such as corals which require
clear, clean waters to thrive. The dependency on on-site sewage
disposal systems and even open cesspits for the exponentially
growing number of homes, condominiums, and hotels elevated
nutrients in nearshore waters and stimulated smothering and toxic
algal blooms.

 Water quality in the Sanctuary is also dependent upon
Florida Bay which, in turn, is linked to the Everglades, Lake
Okeechobee, and the drainage system of the Kissimmee River.
These interdependencies were the impetus for the Secretary of the
Interior to create the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Task
Force. By emphasizing these linkages, the Task Force has drawn
the region into national prominence as the place where the
holistic approach of ecosystem management will be first attempted
at a regional scale.

 For hundreds of years we have used zoning to avoid land-use
conflicts. The ocean, by contrast is a "commons," available
freely to all but the responsibility of none. Following on the
success of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia, the
largest in the world, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Management Plan uses zoning to separate potentially conflicting
uses. Of the several types of zones in the Plan, the Ecological
Reserves proved to be the most controversial for their size and
for the economic and social impact of no permitted harvesting.
In the final stages of public discussion of the Plan, politically
organized recreational and commercial fishers removed two of
three Ecological Reserves from the Plan in 1995 leaving only one
small reserve in the Western Sambos near Key West.

 This remaining reserve is critically important to the large
number of people who expect to have undisturbed areas to visit in
a region disturbed by many uses. A large grouper in this reserve
will be more valuable being seen by snorkelers than it would be
on a fishing line. The reserve will be a natural laboratory for
Florida's natural and social scientists. It will be the only
effective tool we have to gather baseline data from undisturbed,
unharvested areas so the impact of harvest and disturbance in the
rest of the Sanctuary can be assessed. Scientists predict that
the reserve will build up within 3-5 years populations of larger
size classes of fishery species, increasing both the reproductive
output of larvae and their genetic diversity. But most
importantly, the reserve is an experiment to see if a small,
strategically-placed, undisturbed area can provide
"replenishment" to the fished and disturbed resources outside its
boundaries. There is a consensus of fishers, managers and
scientists that ecological reserves work in this way, and there
are examples of early successes from other countries including
New Zealand, Australia, Kenya, and several Caribbean nations.

III. AN OPPORTUNITY FOR FLORIDA

 Florida has one of the longest, most complex, and most
highly populated coastlines in the country. Florida's agencies
and academic institutions face daily confrontation with virtually
every issue of public interaction with the marine environment.
These often demand complicated, expensive, and/or politically
sensitive solutions. Over the past five years of development of
the Sanctuary Management Plan and the emergence of the Everglades
restoration as a national commitment, Floridians have begun to
develop a sense of the vulnerability of the coastal ocean and of
their role as stewards of a national resource. However, no
resources management plan of this scale has ever been attempted
and there are powerful forces arrayed against the concept of
limiting growth and regulating human behavior for sustainable use
of the environment. Florida must demonstrate the political will
to take the opportunity for leadership afforded by the Sanctuary
Management Plan. Until this happens, our leadership will be in
question and the fate of the "American Tropics" will remain in
doubt.

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/893-9100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/893-9109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 14 16:52:27 1997
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Could someone forward me the email address of the IUCN librarian in Switzerland?

Thanks, Oliver

Oliver Gussmann
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago, PO BOX 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
phone: 64-(03)-479-8308
fax: 64-(03)-479-8336
email: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 15 02:19:21 1997
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From: "Hildie Maria E. Nacorda" <nacordah@msi.upd.edu.ph>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 15 Jan 1997 12:30:06 +0000
Subject: alphaeid & callianassid hunt
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Dear subscribers,

I will be working with burrowing shrimps in seagrass beds and my
current endeavor is to identify the alphaeid and callianassid shrimps
which i personally observed in the burrows. I need your suggestions
as to how i will be able to catch them using undestructive means
(e.g., formalin or cyanide on field). The articles I have read only
mention "the shrimps were collected and identified as ..."

Thanks in advance for the help!

Hildie Maria E. Nacorda
Student

*********************************
* Hildie Maria E. Nacorda *
* Marine Science Institute *
* University of the Philippines *
* UPPO Box 1 *
* Diliman, Quezon City *
* 1101 Philippines *
* Tel # 63-2-922 3921 *
* Fax # 63-2 924 7678 *
*********************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 14 10:45:57 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: If access is a problem
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Greetings,

Those people who are still having problems reaching coral.aoml.noaa.gov
(either coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, or the Web Page at
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov) by name, but not by IP address, should ask
their System Administrators to restart the named daemon on their end. The
new IP address is 192.111.123.248.

Thanks again for your patience.

JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 16 02:16:30 1997
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 16 Jan 1997 14:36:40 +0000
Subject: Philippines Environmental Management Proceedings
Priority: normal
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Dear All, (sorry for the cross-postings)

We are proud to announce the publication of the first compendium on
environmental researches of the Philippines. The title of this
proceedings volume is Southwatch '95: Conference on environmental
research & resource management in the Visayas and Mindanao region,
which was conducted last April 1995 in the University of San Carlos
here in Cebu City. This is edited by: Filipina Sotto, Danilo Dy and
Jason Young. Publisher is the University of San Carlos, Cebu City.

The volume contains 15 selected papers and 5 abstracts on various
environmental conditions of the Cebu province and other islands in
the Visayas and Mindanao regions. Ecological and environmental
results/parameters of marine, coastal, terrestrial habitats are
included. Evaluation of resource management practices used in the
country are also the topic of some studies.

For orders or more information, please contact us by email. Price
of book including air mail is US$ 20.

Thank you for the time and space here. Best regards.

____sender's name_____
Marine Biology Section
University of San Carlos fax (+63-32) 3460351
Cebu City 6000, Philippines email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph

****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ********

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 16 10:31:11 1997
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To: <bene@straylight.tamu.edu>, <coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu>,
 <conslink@sivm.bitnet>, <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>,
 <iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Griffis, Roger B" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Subject: Special Seminar on Coral Reefs: Washington D.C. area
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	Special Seminar Announcement: Washington D.C. Area
				(Please forward as appropriate)

THE WOMEN'S AQUATIC NETWORK and WORLD WILDLIFE FUND
			Invite you to a Special Presentation

	"1997: The Year We Avert the Global Coral Reef Crisis?"

					GUEST SPEAKER:

					Dr. Tundi Agardy
				Senior Conservation Scientist
					World Wildlife Fund

				Wednesday, January 29th, 1997
			Reception 6:30 p.m., Speaker 7:00 - 8:00 p.m.

In response to growing threats to coral reefs, 1997 has been declared the
INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE REEF. Dr. Agardy will discuss the worldwide
plight of coral reefs and highlight ongoing efforts to avoid catastrophe.
Dr. Agardy is one of the world's experts on coral reef conservation. Her
stunning presentation is a must-see for anyone interested in, or working on,
 marine conservation issues.

Place:	World Wildlife Fund, main conference room 5AB
		1250 Twenty-Fourth St., NW
		Washington, DC

Positive RSVP: Donna Wieting at 202-482-5916 or Internet
donna.wieting@noaa.gov

Donation Requested: $5 members and students; $7 nonmembers includes light
evening fare
	____________________________________________

The Women's Aquatic Network brings together women and men with interests in
marine and aquatic policy, research, legislation, and other areas; and
promotes the role of women in these fields.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 16 10:48:19 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: STENECK@maine.maine.edu (Bob Steneck)
Subject: Benthic Ecology Meeting
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 25th Benthic Ecology Meeting

 Thursday 3 April to Sunday 6 April, 1997

 Portland, Maine, USA

General Information

 The Benthic Ecology Meeting has grown to become one of the largest
annual meetings of marine ecologists in the world. For our silver
anniversary this year we will return to our northern New England roots for
a meeting in Portland's Marriott Hotel. In addition to the standard fare
of high quality scientific presentations, this year's meeting will include
keynote addresses by Paul Dayton and Jeff Levinton, a field trip to New
England's famous rocky intertidal shore, and social/poster sessions in the
evenings prior to dinner in Portland's Old Port district. The hosts for
this year's meeting are the University of Maine, Bowdoin College, Bates
College, Maine Sea Grant, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, the
University of New Orleans, and the University of New England.

Registration and Abstract Submission

The cost of registration is US$80 for faculty, post-docs, and
professionals, and US$55 for undergraduate and graduate students.
Registration fees include a name badge, admission to all talks and
socials/poster sessions, a printed program and abstract book, and
refreshments at breakfast, coffee breaks, and socials. Registration
is performed electronically, followed by mailing in a check to cover
fees (the address is on the registration form).

More information and registration materials can be obtained via a World
Wide Web browser (such as Netscape or Internet Explorer) over the WWW at:

 http://benthic.sc.edu

If you have absolutely no access to a WWW browser, you may receive
registration materials via email by sending a message to:

 forms@benthic.sc.edu

(but this will be more work for you and for us than using the WWW form).

 The deadline for early registration and the submission of abstracts
is March 3, 1997. Presentation space is on a first-come, first-served
basis, so please submit your registration and abstracts by the deadline.
Abstracts must be validated by payment of the registration fee. Late
registrants will not be guaranteed a copy of the abstracts.

 I hope to see lots of coral reef ecologists at this meeting!

========================
Dr. Robert S. Steneck
Professor
School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, Me 04573
U.S.A.
Tele: 207 563- 3146 ext. 233
======================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 19 01:37:26 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.au>
Subject: GCRMN Pilot Monitoring Study - 2nd note
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GLOBAL CORAL REEF MONITORING NETWORK (GCRMN)

Last October, the notice below was posted onto the list. In all, about 28
institutions or individuals signed up or enquired, as follows:

CARIBBEAN:
Peter Sale, Canada - Mexico and Cuba
Paul Sammarco, Louisiana - around Gulf of Mexico
Susie Westmacott - Curacao
Ellen McRae, The Siwa-ban Foundation - Belize
Ursula Keuper-Bennett - Deadman's Bay, British Virgin Islands
Daniel Shapiro, Cornell University, Ithaca- Quintana Roo Mexico
Kalli De Meyer, Bonaire Marine Park - Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles
Deborah Brosnan, Sustainable Ecosystems Inst. Oregon - Montserrat, St Barths
Kenneth Deslarzes - Gulf of Mexico

EAST ASIAN SEAS
Put O. Ang, Chinese University of Hong Kong - New Territories, Hong Kong
Ian Dutton, Jakarta Indonesia - North Sulawesi
Andre Uychiaoco, Southern Philippines - Negros and Cebu
Chou Loke Ming, National University of Singapore - Singapore and SE Asia
Massimo Boyer, Kuda Laut Project, Indonesia - Manado, Sulawesi
Irfan Seiff, Biology Diving Club, Jakarta - Pulau Seribu, Ujung Kulon
Australian Institute of Marine Science - SE Asia

PACIFIC
Tony Larkum, University of Sydney - Great Barrier Reef
Cindy Hunter, Hawaii - Hanauma Bay etc. Ofu, American Samoa
Andrew Smith, Palau - Palau
Vanessa Craig, University of Otago, New Zealand - Fiji
Australian Institute of Marine Science - GBR
Jacqueline Evans, Cook Islands - Cook Islands

SOUTH ASIA
Sujeewa Jasinghe, Kelaniya University, Sri Lanka - Sri Lanka

WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN AND EASTERN AFRICA
Charles Sheppard, UK - Chagos and ? Maldives, Seychelles?

MIDDLE EAST/ GULFS
Alec Dawson Shepherd, Hunting Aquatic Resources, UK - Red Sea

The first announcement is being re-issued as there are some gaps in the
Pilot project - are there any more institutions or individuals wanting to
sign up?

The publication of the new Manual has been delayed - so I recommend that
people use the Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources (Eds. English,
Wilkinson and Baker, published by AIMS in 1994). If you do not have a copy,
please advise.

I am preparing suggested monitoring protocols and data sheets for
distribution. These will be sent out when the list is finalised - the
monitoring schedule will now slip to January to August, but we will still
try to release data to coincide with the IYOR meetings planned for June and
July.

Original Message:
Pilot Monitoring Programme of the IOC-UNEP-IUCN Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Network: we are launching a one-off pilot programme to monitor reefs around
the world. We invite you to participate.

This call is to marine research groups, senior researchers and others who
have experience in monitoring coral reefs, particularly in several different
coral reef regions.

Our goals are to:

establish a cooperative network;

demonstrate to governments, donors and the science community that a network
can function; and

assist developing countries get started in reef monitoring.

We shall ask you to monitor at least one site in your country and a parallel
one with developing country scientists between January 1997 and August 1997;
then pool the data so that we can report a snapshot view of reef status as
part of the International Year of the Reef in June 1997. Methods and protocols
will either be provided by electronic mail or are in the Manual (see below)
now being revised for a 2nd printing.

It is probable that sites monitored this time will constitute the basis for
a global system of regular long-term monitoring.

HISTORY

The concept of global coral reef monitoring has been discussed for many
years. It culminated in June 1992 in Guam, at the 7th International Coral
Reef Symposium when many reef scientists and managers reported their
willingness to participate in a 'snapshot' global reef monitoring programme.
But there was no money to get it started.

METHODS

Methods from the Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources (Eds. English,
Wilkinson and Baker, published by AIMS) from the ASEAN-Australia Living
Coastal Resources Project will form the basis for monitoring. These were
chosen as the 'standards' by the UNEP-IOC-WMO-IUCN Meeting of Experts on a
Long-Term Global Monitoring System of Coastal and Near-Shore Phenomena
Related to Climate Change, Pilot Projects on Mangroves and Coral Reefs,
December 1991, and confirmed by the UNEP-IOC-IUCN-ASPEI Global Task Team
on the Implications of Climate Change on Coral Reefs in 1992. However,
during this Pilot project, any comparable methods will be acceptable.

These biophysical monitoring methods include:
manta tow (or equivalent for a broad perspective);

line intercept transect with identification at a minimum of 'lifeform' level
(or equivalent transect method to gather % cover data); and

fish censusing, with emphasis on fisher target species and indicator fish,
like butterfly (chaetodont) fish.

Reporting should also include specific events and activities e.g. bleaching,
predators, dynamite damage, urchin populations etc. Data on these are being
accumulated by several groups, coordinated by Bob Ginsburg in Miami, Gregor
Hodgson in Hong Kong, and John McManus of ReefBase in Manila.

A comparable set of socioeconomic parameters are being assembled.

THE GCRMN

The GCRMN was re-catalysed by the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)
to provide Research and Monitoring information on coral reefs and related
ecosystems for more efficient management and long-term conservation. The
GCRMN has 3 co-sponsors (IOC, UNEP and IUCN), two hosts (AIMS and ICLARM)
and interacts closely with the ICRI Secretariat.

The overall objectives of the GCRMN are to:

 improve the conservation, management and sustainable uses
 of coral reefs and related ecosystems for peoples of the
 tropics and the world through assessing the trends in
 biophysical status and social, cultural and economic
 values of these ecosystems;

 provide many people with the capacity to assess their
 resources and integrate these people into a global
 network to document and disseminate data on reef status
 and trends.

The GCRMN is based on the following principles:

emphasise the involvement of local communities;

put equal emphasis on biophysical and social, cultural and economic data;

function through existing organisations, networks, and monitoring
programmes, not create new bodies;

offer a standard methodology, but be responsive to wishes of participants;

often focus monitoring in current or planned Marine Protected Areas and
adjacent unprotected areas;

ensure that data are accessible to all in an understandable format.

CONTACT

If you want more information, please look up the web site -

http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/gcrmn.html

To subscribe to the GCRMN listserver, send e-mail to
majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, with the following message (only!) in the
body of the text:
 ---- subscribe gcrmn ----

To sign up for the Pilot programme - contact:

Dr Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator, Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Network, c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No. 3, TOWNSVILLE MC 4810, AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 77 534 372 or +61 77 724 314
Fax: +61 77 722 808 or +61 77 725 852
e-mail: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au

or

Dr John McManus, ReefBase Project Leader
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management,
MCPO Box 2631, 0718 MAKATI, Metro Manila, PHILIPPINES
Tel: +63 2 818 0466 or +63 2 817 5255
Fax: +63 2 816 3183
e-mail: j.mcmanus@cgnet.com

Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
Tel: +61 77 724314; Fax: +61 77 722808 or 725852

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 19 10:08:15 1997
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Date: Sun, 19 Jan 1997 16:43:37 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Recent bleaching/mortality event in United Arab Emirates
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Dear Coral-List,

A multi-species coral bleaching event was recently (November 1996)
observed while on a diving survey in the southern Arabian/Persian Gulf
off the coast of the United Arab Emirates.

The area surveyed and found to be affected ranged from 1 to some 13
hours steam out of Abu Dhabi up the Gulf (towards Qatar). In
particular, Arzanha and Zirku islands - with their very shallow (2-3m
fringing reefs) - were badly affected.

Arzanha:
(1) an extensive fringing _Porites lutea_ reef appears to be totally
destroyed, and is now completely settled over by sessiles and algal
turfs.
Incidentally, we could find not a single urchin - Echinometra mathaii -
alive. Lots of dead tests and spine material, but not a single live one.
(2) an _Acropora clathrata_ dominated reef in approx. 5-8m of water
was wiped out. All _Acropora_ skeletons are now settled and
covered over with sessiles and turfs. Lots of urchins at this
site however (just round the corner from the above mentioned site).
Bleached species found were the massives _Platygyra_ and _Favia_ /
_Favites_ sp.

Zirku:
(1) an ex _Acropora_ dominated reef (previously destroyed by dredging
and harbour building activity) had lots of new settlement of small
(young) massives on the _Acropora_ rubble, that were now showing
evidence of bleaching, again: _Platygyra_ and _Favia_ / _Favites_ sp.

Dives in deeper water (approx 13-15m) between the islands also
yielded evidence of bleaching and coral mortality, but this time in addition
to those species previously mentioned, now also for the vase coral
_Turbinaria mesenteria_. Some totally white specimens were observed,
while others showed only partial bleaching effects.

In addition, I also have evidence from another team of
researchers/divers working further south (off Jebel Ali, near Dubai),
that a similar mortality/bleaching event has been recorded there. The
reefs there are largely _Acropora clathrata_ dominated, but also contain
many massive species.

I have no temperature data, but I am trying to get the data from an Abu
Dhabi based marine survey company.
I have however been in contact researchers in Bahrain, and Saudi
Arabia, who can be contacted for more info on the temperatures of the
Gulf waters at the time:

Dr. Roger Uwate
Advisor
Directorate of Fisheries
P.O. Box 20071
Bahrain

Email: rogeru@batelco.com.bh

and:

Dr. Yusef Fadlallah
Research Institute - KFUPM
Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia

Voice: 966-3-860-3237
Fax: 966-3-860-3220
Email: yfadlal@dpc.kfupm.edu.sa

Regards,

Jan L. Korrubel

University of Natal
South Africa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 19 14:55:24 1997
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Date: Sun, 19 Jan 1997 19:12:18 +0000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
Subject: Algal Breakdown
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Hello all,

I am interested in quantifying the insitu breakdown of algae to detritus on
coral reefs with low numbers of the herbivores. If anyone knows of suitable
methods or references, could they please contact me at c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk.

Thankyou very much,

Cassian Edwards.
**********************************************************
* Cassian Edwards, *
* School of Biological Sciences, *
* Queen Mary and Westfield College (London University), *
* Mile End Road, *
* E1 4NS, *
* England. *
* *
* email: c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk *
**********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 19 20:17:41 1997
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Date: Mon, 20 Jan 1997 11:48:42 +1100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, amsa@science.uts.edu.au
From: Guillermo Moreno <moreno@bio.usyd.edu.au>
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Dear Colleagues:

We are currently working on a project designed to act as a laboratory aid
for 2nd year zoology students. The aims of this project are to provide a
lab aid and review tool for the students while at the same time to help
reduce the number of animals used for 2nd year level dissections. This lab
aid is made up of various modules one of which is echinoderm biodiversity.
We would be very appreciative if any of you is willing to donate your
pictures for this project. This project will eventually be recorded onto
CD's for use by schools and universities.

We plan to provide this material at cost to universities and schools in
Australasia and potentially internationally. The recouped costs will be
used to pursue further projects in this area.

Naturally, copyright of pictures will remain the property of the
photographer and each photographer will be acknowledged with the copyright
on each picture presented with the CD.

We are, however, trying to find out how to best recognize and provide some
benefits to the many people who have provided resources to the project.
Please inform us whether you would be happy with the following arrangement.

People supplying 1-10 pictures which are used in the final project will receive:

A free CD from echinoderm project

People supplying greater than 10 pictures which are used in the final
project will receive:

A free CD from echinoderm project and of all future projects associated with
the CAUT initiated group in the School of Biological Sciences at the
University of Sydney.

Our hope is to eventually sell these CD's to recoup costs to allow further
development of this important educational tool. If you have any slides that
you are interested in contributing please email Guillermo Moreno at
moreno@bio.usyd.edu.au. We thank you in advance for any assistance on this
matter.

Sincerely,

Dr. Guillermo Moreno
Dr. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
School of Biological Sciences
The University of Sydney
Australia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 15 10:04:59 1997
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Date: Wed, 15 Jan 1997 09:53:12 -0500 (EST)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Addresses
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Re Letters to the Governor of Florida in support of The Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS):

On January 28, the Governor and the Cabinet will sign a cooperative
agreement with NOAA to manage state waters (from the shore to three
miles) in accordance with the Management Plan of the FKNMS.

If you care to, a short ONE PAGE letter urging support of the
Sanctuary and its Management Plan should be sent to:

Governor Lawton Chiles
Office of the Governor
The Capitol
Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA
Fax: 904-921-6311

This is not just a Florida issue. First, this is a NATIONAL marine
sanctuary. Second, this is the first try in this country to manage
coastal resources under a comprehensive plan for so-called
"sustainable use." It will be exemplary to the world (we hope a
GOOD example). Those of you from other countries with success
stories in coastal management might mention these in the letter.

The Cabinet of Florida also votes: (address The Capitol as above)

Attorney General Bob Butterworth
Fax 904-487-2564

Treasurer Bill Nelson
Fax: 904-488-7265

Education Commissioner Frank Brogan
Fax: 904-488-1492

Secretary of State Sandra Mortham
Fax: 904-922-5763

Comptroller Robert Milligan
Fax: 904-922-2442

Agricultural Commissioner Bob Crawford
Fax: 904-488-7585

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/893-9100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/893-9109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 21 15:36:17 1997
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Date: Tue, 21 Jan 1997 15:30:42 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Monitoring Manual Online
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I am pleased to announcement the availability of,

 A Manual for Monitoring Coral Reefs with Indicator Species:
 Butterfly Fishes as Indicators of Change on
 Indo-Pacific Reefs

 by
 Michael P. Crosby, Ph.D., and
 Ernst S. Reese, Ph.D.

at the following Web URL:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/themes.html

At this time you must have and Adobe Acrobat Reader to view this document.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 22 14:56:14 1997
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Date: Wed, 22 Jan 1997 12:33:35 -0400 (EDT)
From: tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Subject: GIS and reef studies
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Greetings!

	I am interested in finding information, references, and on-going
research using GIS for coral reef conservation, ecological research
and/or management.
	I am a graduate student at the Grice Marine Biological Laboratory
investigating the factors important to coral reef framework development
on St. John, USVI. I am using ARC/INFO, a geographic information system,
to manage and analyze these spatial data.
	I have completed an exhaustive literature search of coral reef
studies that use GIS, and have not found more than a couple references.

	If anyone can help, it would be very much appreciated.

Thank you!

Cheers-
Eric Treml

.................................................................
Eric Treml tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Grice Marine Biological laboratory
205 Fort Johnson Rd
Charleston, S.C. 29412
.................................................................

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 22 21:39:45 1997
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Date: Wed, 22 Jan 1997 21:18:45 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: summer courses
Message-Id: <Pine.PCW.3.95.970122211727.3095D-100000@ppp3.mote.org>
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Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key Marine Research Center announces the
following four courses, designed for advanced undergraduates and graduate
students.

1997 Advanced Courses in Tropical Marine Sciences

Applied Research Methods in Carbonate Marine Geology 9-16 August,1997
Douglas W. Haywick, Ph.D., University of South Alabama

Ecology and Behavior of the Florida Spiny Lobster 9-16 August, 1997
Michael J. Childress, Ph.D., Idaho State University

Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms 16-23 August, 1997
Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., Tetra Tech, Inc.

Ecophysiology of Tropical Marine Algae: Nutrient Dynamics 16-23
August,1997
Brian LaPointe, Ph.D., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution

The deadline for applications is 28 March, 1997.

For more information about the courses, research facilities and college
programs, contact the PKMRC or visit our Web site:

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory FAX: (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL 33050

Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
 http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 23 03:14:59 1997
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Date: Thu, 23 Jan 1997 10:09:35 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Echinometra matheai....
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Hi all,

I am seeking to contact anybody who has an interest in the urchin
_Echinometra matheai_. A colleague of mine is working on local
populations here, and he is looking for references on the beast. We
have the done the usual lit. and WWW search, and come with the usual
answers, but would also like to contact people working on the beast.

Please reply to me direct, or to Dr Alan Connell at:

AConnell@csir.co.za.

Thank you,

Jan Korrubel

University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 23 10:58:23 1997
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From: prtaylor@nsf.gov
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: NSF/NOAA/EPA/ONR Anouncement - Algal Blooms
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For interested parties in the United States:

NSF/NOAA/EPA/ONR Announcement of Opportunity for Research on

The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms

The AO can be viewed on the web at

http://www.geo.nsf.gov/oce/docs/ao-hab.htm

The Program focuses on Bloom Ecology;
 planktonic and benthic is possible;
 toxic, noxious, harmful in other ways.

Take a look. Certainly Florida Bay, West Florida, Looe Key and other
regions come to mind in thinking about algal "blooms."

*********************************

Phillip Taylor, Director
Biological Oceanography Program
Division of Ocean Sciences
National Science Foundation
4201 Wilson Blvd. Suite 725
Arlington, VA 22230

prtaylor@nsf.gov
phone 703-306-1587 fax 306-0390

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 23 10:58:28 1997
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To: seagrass_forum@essun1.murdoch.edu.au, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, biodiv-l@bdt.org.br,
 MOLLUSCA@UCMPL.BERKELEY.EDU, FISH-ECOLOGY@searn.sunet.se
From: James Powell <jpowell@btl.net>
Subject: Glovers Reef
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 1997 09:50:51 -0500
Message-Id: <19970123155044.AAA29350@LOCALNAME>
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GLOVERS REEF MARINE RESEARCH STATION, BELIZE, CENTRAL AMERICA

Glover's Reef atoll and marine reserve is located approximately 50 km off
the coast of central Belize. It is considered to be one of the most
pristine and important coral reef sites in the Caribbean. Due to the
isolation of Glover's Reef atoll, there is little influence from coastal
sedimentation or pollution. It is considered to be one of the most ideal
sites in the world to conduct coral reef research (Dahl, MacIntyre &
Antonius. 1974. A comparative survey of coral reef research sites. In:
Marie-Helene Sachet and Arthur Dahl. Atoll Research Bulletin. 172: 37-75.).
Consequently, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in cooperation with
the Government of Belize has established a permanent research station at
Middle Cay located on Glover's Reef. WCS along with the Government of
Belize would like to invite scientists and graduate level students who are
interested in using Glover's Reef as a research site to contact James
Powell at jpowell@btl.net for more information.

The marine reserve at Glover's Reef atoll is a major component of a general
comprehensive program for coastal zone management for Belize, Central
America. In a broad sense the reserve was established to maintain
ecological processes, preserve genetic diversity, achieve sustainable yields
of its resources through wise management of species and their habitats,
maintain natural areas for education and research and provide social, and
economic benefits through ecologically sensitive recreation and tourism.
Keenly aware of the need to protect this world class resource, the Wildlife
Conservation Society (WCS) purchased the island of Middle Cay, situated at
the southern end of the atoll, for the purposes of providing a marine
park headquarters for the Government of Belize and to establish a marine
research field station. WCS has completed construction of this facility and
now provides a base of operations for park rangers and scientists alike.

WCS's over-arching mission is to provide for the long-term conservation and
protection of Glover's Reef atoll. To accomplish this goal, WCS is working
in close collaboration with the government of Belize to develop a
coordinated research and management program for the atoll. WCS's primary
responsibility in this partnership is scientific research. In the coming
years, we hope that the research on Glover's Reef atoll will lead to a
better understanding and management of this coral reef. The Comparative
Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems (CITRE) program identified
Glover's Reef as the most preferred site in the Caribbean for "long-term,
multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional investigation of coral reef
ecosystems" (Dahl, MacIntyre & Antonius. 1974. A comparative survey of
coral reef research sites.
In: Marie-Helene Sachet and Arthur Dahl. Atoll Research Bulletin. 172:
37-75.). The authors reported, "In contrast to the other reefs surveyed in
the Caribbean area, Glover's Reef atoll appears to offer the greatest
variety of reef types, and the optimum reef development in terms of
population density and species diversity of reef corals and associated
organisms". In addition to Glover's Reef, Belize's extensive barrier reef
is 30 km away.

The WCS research station on Glover's Reef atoll is located on Middle Cay.
The present facility includes a ranger station and visitor's centre, a dry
laboratory and work area, dining and cooking facilities (meals are
provided) and housing for eight scientists and/or students. There are
aquariums, boats, air compressor and SCUBA tanks for researcher support.
Aquarium facilities are available. The station is completely self-
sufficient with full-time electricity (110 vac) provided by a complementary
system of
wind and solar power. Fresh water is available through a de-salination
plant and rain-water catchment. Refrigeration is available. Toilet
facilities are state-of-the-art pollution-free, containment composition
type. One aim of the station is to utilize non-polluting and energy
efficient technology. WCS invites any scientists or students interested in
using the Glover's Reef Research Station to please contact: Glover's Reef
Marine Research Station, P.O. Box 2310, Belize City, Belize or Tel./fax
501-2-33855. E-mail messages can be sent to: jpowell@btl.net.

Please take a look at our WWW page at:
http://www.une.edu/glover/glovindx.html

*************************************
James A. Powell
Wildlife Conservation Society
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station
P.O. Box 2310
Belize City, Belize
e-mail: jpowell@btl.net
Tel/FAX (501)2-33855 or
Middle Cay Tel: (501)5-22153

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 23 12:25:38 1997
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From: DAVEL@cc.usu.edu
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 23 Jan 1997 09:53:58 -0600 (MDT)
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 1997 09:53:58 -0600 (MDT)
Subject: Corals and Paleoclimate
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-Id: <01IEJQWIYNW290P3M9@cc.usu.edu>
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Hi,
	I'm trying to locate information on the use of sclerochronology
in Quaternary paleoclimate studies. Any references or pointers to sites
would be appreciated.
					Thanks
					Dave

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 23 15:10:22 1997
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Date: Thu, 23 Jan 1997 14:46:43 -0500
From: reef relief <reef@key.net>
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 I thought the list would be interested in the attached article about
the new coral disease.

DeeVon Quirolo
Project Director
REEF RELIEF

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<DT>&nbsp;I thought the list would be interested in the attached article
about the new coral disease.&nbsp;</DT>

<DT>&nbsp;</DT>

<DT>DeeVon Quirolo</DT>

<DT>Project Director</DT>

<DT>REEF&nbsp;RELIEF</DT>

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xufp5s3h4Pr8/fqc5Iw=

------------57015ABB61B23--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 24 09:24:48 1997
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Date: Fri, 24 Jan 1997 08:59:25 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: David Gilliam <gilliam@nsu.acast.nova.edu>
Subject: Virus warning...Coral Disease
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:

I wanted to warn the list members that the message from Reef Relief dated
1/23/97 with the subject -Coral Disease- contains an embedded Word
MacroVirus in the attached file- Whitepox.doc. You should clean the file
before you read it or just delete it.

Good Luck
David Gilliam
Nova Southeastern University
Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.
Dania, FL 33004
Voice: (954) 920-1909
Fax: (305) 947-8559
email: gilliam@ocean.nova.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 24 09:24:51 1997
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Date: Fri, 24 Jan 1997 09:08:37 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: MDA virus?
Message-Id: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970124090726.15563A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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ALERT received from Pete Mohan:

======================================

Date: Fri, 24 Jan 1997 07:21:27 -0600
From: "Mohan, Pete" <Pete.Mohan@anheuser-busch.com>
To: "'Hendee, Jim (IYOR)'" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: FW: coral disease

Jim,
 The "white pox" file is infected with the MDA virus. Somehow this
seems strangely appropriate. Thought I'd let you decide whether to
alert the rest of the recipients.

Pete

>----------
>From: reef relief[SMTP:reef@key.net]
>Sent: Thursday, January 23, 1997 2:46 PM
>To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>Subject: coral disease
>
>
> I thought the list would be interested in the attached article about
>the new coral disease.
>
>DeeVon Quirolo
>Project Director
>REEF RELIEF
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 24 15:55:17 1997
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Date: Fri, 24 Jan 1997 20:22:06 +0000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
Subject: VIRUS WARNING: delete file 'Whitepox.doc'
Cc: a.c.campbell@qmw.ac.uk, J.Solandt@qmw.ac.uk, WOODLEY@uwimona.edu.jm,
 j.munro@cgnet.com, rmurray@infochan.com, zsolt@vcn.bc.ca
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I am just warning you that my virus checker responded to the following email
from the coral list forum - Whitepox.doc

It is infected with the MDMA virus

Be carefull....You have been warned!!

**********************************************************
* Cassian Edwards, *
* School of Biological Sciences, *
* Queen Mary and Westfield College (London University), *
* Mile End Road, *
* E1 4NS, *
* England. *
* *
* email: c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk *
**********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jan 25 17:47:50 1997
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From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: On touching corals
In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19970124202206.00683d74@alpha.qmw.ac.uk>
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.95.970125172233.24708D-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm>
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Can anyone refer me to any study of the effects on corals (apart from
breakage) of being touched or pushed by divers?

Jeremy Woodley,
Centre for Marine Sciences,
University of the West Indies, Jamaica.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 27 10:31:38 1997
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <gjgast@nioz.nl>
From: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@nioz.nl>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Mon, 27 Jan 1997 16:28:00 +0100
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Subject: How to unsubscribe from the coral-list
Cc: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Priority: normal
X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.50)
Status: RO
X-Status:

As recently a lot of persons seem to have problems
unsubscribing form this list (are we that boring?) a
little explanation:

If Jim's computer receives a message sent to
<coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>
it is automatically relayed to everybody subscribed to the list
regardless of subject and content.

If Jim's computer receives a message without a subject sent to
<majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>
it looks if it recognizes the first word on each line as a command
and does what the sender asked. As you're dealing with a computer, be
precise (unsubscribe, not unsuscribe). Likewise your address in your
signature is a "command" this computer can't handle.

The difference is the address: use MA-JOR-DO-MO for commands like
unsubscribe!!!

Sending COMMANDS meant for the listserver to all people
subscribed to the coral-list does NOT work. You're just bugging far
over 500 people with a ghost message.

If you have a webbrowser (i.e. Netscape or Microsoft Explorer), you
can read Jim's very clear listserver instructions at:

http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/coral-list.html

For those who don't have one:

 To un-subscribe from the list, send e-mail to
majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, with the following message (only!) in
the body of the text:

 unsubscribe coral-list "Your Name"

Likewise for a list of known commands send a message to
<majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> without a subject and only

HELP

in the text field.

Sorry to all the people this message wasn't meant for.

Back to work now. Good luck, GJ
===============================================
Gert Jan Gast <gjgast@NIOZ.NL>
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Department of Marine Ecology
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 27 14:50:50 1997
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Date: Mon, 27 Jan 1997 14:15:39 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: WORD Macro Virus Killer...
Message-Id: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970127141353.6655B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Greetings,

 Following is a message from Jan Korrubel regarding the recently
alerted MDA virus. Please contact him directly for the fix (it as not
attached, as the file was too long), if you don't have it.

 Cheers,

 Jim Hendee

==================================

From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list
Subject: WORD Macro Virus Killer...

Hi all,

Seems like there are a lot of people who niticed the virus, but none who
are prepared to offer salvation....

Attached is a 72k .EXE file called MVTOOL20.ZIP (Macro Virus Tool version
2.00) dated November 1995. Seems a little old, but I did an ARCHIE search
and didn't come up with a newer one.....if you have a version 3, let me
know.

It is a self-extracting archive file that, when run, will spew out
SCANPROT.DOT and README.DOC.

Read the README.DOC, but essentially the protection comes in the .DOT file
- it has "good" macros that kill the "bad" ones.... You load the .DOT and
it builds in the protection macros into WORD and then offers to check all
your documents. Easy.

It told me that the document I was trying to load contained macros that
were potentialy dangerous and guided me to saving the document without
them....Pretty neat.

BTW - I am currently using WinWORD version 6.0 on WINDOWS NT 3.51.

Jan Korrubel

University of Natal
South Africa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 27 17:05:02 1997
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From: Kent Backman <backman@aloha.net>
To: "'Coral List at NOAA'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE:On touching corals
Date: Mon, 27 Jan 1997 11:53:38 -1000
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This is in response to a question from Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>, forwarded to me by Dr. Brian Tissot, University of Hawaii at Hilo.

>Can anyone refer me to any study of the effects on corals (apart from
>breakage) of being touched or pushed by divers?
>
>Jeremy Woodley,
>Centre for Marine Sciences,
>University of the West Indies, Jamaica.

	My senior thesis is on exactly that subject: the effects of human touch on corals. "What happens to coral when you touch it," is a common question asked by countless reef visitors, and is often answered by an all-too-often-assumed answer. There have be
en countless studies on coral damage from pollution, anchor damage, trampling, sedimentation, and even experimentally inflicted breakage. But as far as any studies on what exactly happens to a coral specimen when you touch it, I have yet to find one.

	In my current research, some interesting results have been found. I studied the most common coral genus in Hawaii, Porites, and found that resistance to human touch varies between species. With treated specimens of Porites compressa, visible scarring o
ccurred and is still evident after three months. Porites lobata, on the other hand, "recovered" visibly after just a few weeks. One important investigation that I am studying now concerns the effects of multiple treatments (long-term repeated touching)
on Porites spp. corals.

If you would like to find out more about this study, visit my web page where I will have preliminary results and slides posted by February 1, 1997, at:

http://aloha.net/~backman/thesis.html

Kent Backman
Marine Science Department
University of Hawaii at Hilo
backman@hawaii.edu
http://aloha.net/~backman

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 27 18:51:45 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ab Rahim Gor Yaman <abrgor01@dof.moa.my>
Subject: Effect of torist submarine
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Dear,

Could anyone point me to any reference on the effects of tourist subamrine
on coral reef and its related ecosystems. I am in need of such materials to
review an application to operates a tourist submarine at one of the marine
park on west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Greatly appreciate any assistance
on this matter.
Ab Rahim Gor Yaman
Marine Park Branch,
Department of Fisheries,
9 Floor, Wisma Tani,
Jalan Sultan Salahuddin,
50628 Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 28 13:08:10 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Sarah Quentin/Greg Grantham <squentin@mcn.org>
Subject: Island Conference in Fiji
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Does anyone have a URL or email address where I can obtain some information
on the upcoming Islands Conference (including coral reef sessions) in Fiji?
Thanks.
Greg Grantham
College of the Redwoods
1211 Del Mar Dr.
Fort Bragg, CA 95437
Sarah Quentin & Greg Grantham
email: squentin@mcn.org
-----------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 28 14:11:15 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ben Haskell <bhaskell@fknms.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: State approves Sanctuary
Date: Tue, 28 Jan 1997 14:14:20 -0500
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Today, the Board of Trustees of the State of Florida passed by a vote of
7-0 the inclusion of State waters in the 2800 square nautical mile Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This is a major step towards implementing
comprehensive, ecosystem management of this precious resource and
represents the second to last major hurdle for final approval of the
Sanctuary. The final hurdle lies with the U.S. Congress. This is fitting
news for this International Year of the Reef! Congratulations to all of
those folks who worked so hard for this vote.

Benjamin D. Haskell
Science Coordinator
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
P.O. Box 500368
Marathon, Florida 33050
(305) 743-2437 phone
(305) 743-2357 fax
Email: bhaskell@fknms.nos.noaa.gov
Web site: http://www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov

*/~ Ecotones are where it's at! */~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 28 15:23:02 1997
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Date: Wed, 29 Jan 1997 06:02:55 +0000 (WET)
From: Charles Evans Birkeland <birkelan@uog9.uog.edu>
To: Sarah Quentin/Greg Grantham <squentin@mcn.org>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Island Conference in Fiji
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Symposium on Coral Reefs during IYOR
at the VIII PSA Intercongress in Fiji

One of the major scientific events during the
International Year of the Reef (IYOR) is a joint
symposium of the Pacific Science Association's
Scientific Committee on Coral Reefs (PSA-SCCR) and
the 1997 Annual Meeting of the International
Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) in Suva, Fiji, at
the VIII PSA Inter-Congress, 13-19 July 1997.
This coral-reef symposium will take place one year
after the launching of the IYOR at the 8th
International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama.

Among IYOR projects that are already scheduled for
presentation at the PSA Inter-Congress in Fiji are
the results of the PSA-SCCR assessment of the
state of the coral reefs in the Pacific, a project
funded by the U.S. Department of State's (DOS)
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI). Ten
representatives of regions in the Pacific will
present papers that will be published in a book on
the status of reefs in the Pacific; the
publication is being funded by Sea Grant at the
University of Hawaii. This book should be
available at the symposium in Fiji. A
complementary project called GLOCOR (Global Coral
Reef assessment), funded by a Winslow Foundation
grant, will also be presented at the symposium. A
major focus of the GLOCOR
project is to resurvey the quantitative transects
that were surveyed decades ago in order to
quantitatively assess changes in
Pacific reefs over the past decades.

Contributed papers on all aspects of coral-reef
science are welcome, but we are extending special
invitation to papers in which examples are given
for successful management programmes for coral-reef resources. We feel that the most effective
method of promoting wise management of reef
resources is not by outlining steps to take
(telling people what to do) or giving alarming
news about the state of the reefs. Rather, we urge
the demonstation of case histories of methods that
have proven successful, such as the well known
results of marine reserves at Apo and Sumilon
Islands in the Philippines.

For comparative observations, dives are planned on
one-day field trips in or near Suva Bay and Beqa
Reef.

To obtain the VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress
Second Circular with registration forms, Abstract
forms, and information on accommodation, due
dates, and field trips, please write to:

VIII Pacific Science Association Inter-Congress
Secretariat
School of Pure and Applied Sciences
The University of the South Pacific
P.O. Box 1168
Suva, Fiji Islands

E-mail psa@usp.ac.fj (best means of communication)

 FAX + (679) 314 007

The web site for the Inter-Congress is

http://www.usp.ac.fj/~psa

Participants intending to present a paper or
poster are required to submit abstract(s) to the
Secretariat by January 1997. In order that we may
organize the symposium, please also send a copy of
the Abstract to:

Dr. Charles Birkeland or Dr. Richard W. Grigg
UOG Marine Laboratory Department of
 Oceanography
Mangilao, Guam 96923 University of Hawaii
 at Manoa
USA 1000 Pope Road
 Honolulu, Hawaii
 96822
 USA

FAX +(671) 734-6767 FAX + (1) 808 956- 9225

E-mail birkelan@uog9.uog.edu E-mail
 rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu

On Tue, 28 Jan 1997, Sarah Quentin/Greg Grantham wrote:

> Does anyone have a URL or email address where I can obtain some information
> on the upcoming Islands Conference (including coral reef sessions) in Fiji?
> Thanks.
> Greg Grantham
> College of the Redwoods
> 1211 Del Mar Dr.
> Fort Bragg, CA 95437
> Sarah Quentin & Greg Grantham
> email: squentin@mcn.org
> -----------------------------
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 28 15:23:14 1997
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From: Pacific Science Assn <psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org>
To: Sarah Quentin/Greg Grantham <squentin@mcn.org>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Island Conference in Fiji
In-Reply-To: <199701281754.JAA13479@dns1.mcn.org>
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The VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress "Islands in the Pacific Century"
will held in Suva, Fiji, July 13-19, 1997. The coral reef sessions are
co-chaired by Chuck Birkeland and Rick Grigg. Contact the Inter-Congress
Secretariat [psa@usp.ac.fj] for additional information and the web page
[http://www.usp.ac.fj/~psa]. January 31 is the deadline for abstracts
and for the lowest rate registration. A Third Circular will be published
in the near future which will include additional information the program
and participants.

On Tue, 28 Jan 1997, Sarah Quentin/Greg Grantham wrote:

> Does anyone have a URL or email address where I can obtain some information
> on the upcoming Islands Conference (including coral reef sessions) in Fiji?
> Thanks.
> Greg Grantham
> College of the Redwoods
> 1211 Del Mar Dr.
> Fort Bragg, CA 95437
> Sarah Quentin & Greg Grantham
> email: squentin@mcn.org
> -----------------------------
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 29 15:58:33 1997
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Date: 	Wed, 29 Jan 1997 10:41:12 -1000
From: Dave Alan Gulko <gulko@hawaii.edu>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: UV and Coral Reefs Book
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	Enclosed is information regarding "Ultraviolet Radiation
and Coral Reefs", a recent volume produced by the Hawai`i Institute of
Marine Biology and the University of Hawai`i Sea Grant Program.
	The book represents a collection of papers about UV and coral
reefs, from methods, to reproduction, to vision, that came out of both an
international workshop and a HIMB Summer Program held in Hawai'i a few
years a go.

Enclosed is the table of contents from the volume:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

	Ultraviolet Radiation and Coral Reefs
		D. Gulko & P. L. Jokiel (eds)

Table of Contents:

Introduction:
	An Introduction to the Study
		of UV on Coral Reefs			P. L. Jokiel
	Ultraviolet Light and the Origin
		of Life					D. Mauzerall
	Oh No, Not Another Workshop:
		A Summary of Previous UV Workshops	M. P. Lesser
	General Overview of Instrumentation,
		Experimental Methods, and
		Attenuation of UV Radiation
		into Natural Waters			M. P. Lesser
	Introduction to Materials and
		Methods Used by Participants in the
		1994 HIMB Summer Program on
		'UV and Coral Reefs'			D.Gulko, M. P.
							Lesser & M. Ondrusek
	An Introduction to the UV Environment
		of Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu			D. Gulko
	Attenuation in Kane'ohe Bay as
		Interpreted from PUV Profiles		K. W. Patterson

Plankton:
	The Influence of Solar UV-B Radiation on
		Copepods in the Lagoon at Coconut
		Island, Hawai'i				H. Saito & S.Taguchi
	A Biological Weighting Function for
		Phytoplankton Growth Inhibition		P. J. M. Peterson,
							R. C. Smith, K. W.
							Patterson & P. L.
							Jokiel
	Physiological and Biochemical Effects of
		UV Radiation on the Marine
		Phytoplankton _Nannochloropsis_ sp.
		and _Dunaliella_ sp.			B. Butow & T.
							Fisher
Corals:
	Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of MAA's
		in Hawaiian Corals: A Depth Profile
		and a Survey				I. Kuffner, M. E.
							Ondrusek &
							M. Lesser
	Response of a Pacific Stony Coral to Short-
		term Exposure of Ultraviolet and
		Visible Light				S. K. Lewis
	Bleaching and Lipids in the Pacific Coral
		_Montipora verrucosa_			A. G. Grottoli-
							Everett
	Uneven Bleaching Within a Coral Colony in
		Response to Differing Levels of
		Solar Radiation				A. G. Grottoli-
							Everett & I.
							Kuffner
	The Metabolic Response of _Fungia scutaria_
		to Elevated Temperatures Under Various
		UV Radiation Regimes			S. V. Hohlbach
	Preliminary Report of the Occurance of
		Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the
		Eggs of the Hawaiian Scleractinian
		Corals _Montipora verrucosa_ and
		_Fungia scutaria_			D. A. Krupp &
							J. Blanck
	Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on
		Fertilization in the Hawaiian Coral
		_Fungia scutaria_			D. Gulko
	The Effect of UV on Settlement of the Planula
		of _Pocillopora damicornis_		A. Baker

Zooxanthellae:
	Ultraviolet Radiation: Helpful or Harmful to
		Zooxanthellae Culture Growth		S. R. Santos

Seaweeds:
	Survey of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the
		Macrophytes of Kane'ohe Bay		A. T. Banaszak &
							M. Lesser
	Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation and Nitrogen
		Enrichment on Growth in the Coral Reef
		Chlorophytes _Dictyosphaeria cavernosa_
		and _Dictyosphaeria versluysii_		S. Larned
Phototoxicity:
	Phototoxicity in a Coral Reef Flat Community	R. Peachey &
							D. Crosby

UV & Vision:
	UV Vision by Marine Animals: Mainly Questions	N. Shashar
	Polarization Vision as a Mechanism for
		Detection of Transparent Objects	N. Shashar, L.
							Addessi & T. W.
							Cronin
	Designs for Submersible Imaging Polarimeters	N. Shashar, T. W.
							Cronin, G. Johnson
							& L. B. Wolff
	Ultraviolet Imagery				G. Losey, C. W.
							Hawryshyn, W. N.
							McFarland, E. R.
							Lowe, T. W. Cronin
							& D. Fiore

Conclusions:
	Workshop Roundtable Discussion on
		"Directions in Marine UV Research"

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

The cost is
US$35 + US$5 shipping and handling. Books will be mailed first class for
orders within the US. Please make checks or money orders (for
US$40/volume) out to:

 "University of Hawaii Foundation 13-310-0"

No purchase orders (PO's) or credit cards. Please send checks or money
orders along with mailing information to:

 Jacque Blanck
 Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
 P. O. Box 1346
 Kaneohe, HI 96744
 U.S.A.

 If you have any further questions you can contact Dr. Paul
Jokiel, Jacque Blanck or myself at the above address, or by
fax (808) 236-7443, or by calling the lab (808) 236-7440, or by contacting
me through my email address.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 29 18:18:36 1997
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Date: Wed, 29 Jan 1997 18:08:30 -0500
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlichtman@rsmas.miami.edu (Jimmy Lichtman)
Subject: looking for coral reef film footage
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video project:
Coral Reefs, Yesterday and Today

concept:
To create a montage of archival film footage of
reefs from the 60's and 70's with footage of those
same reefs today. We hope to visually illustrate
what coral reef decline looks like up close.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

anyone have archival film or video footage of specific reef areas?
or ideas on where i could find such footage?

the footage will be used in a student film produced by my fellow
graduate students here at the univ. of miami.

grateful for any info,

-jimmy

 |\ ( )
______________________________________________|_\_________________________
Jimmy Lichtman, Graduate Student ----- -_-_
 Marine Affairs, Univ. of Miami -- - -

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 30 11:05:49 1997
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From: Dida Kutz <didak@sfsu.edu>
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Hello- Pardon my posting to the entire list (I've had lots of trouble
sending a "who" command to the majordomo address); I'm seeking an e-mail
address for R. van Woesik of the University of Ryukyus in Okinawa, Japan.

Thanks in advance for your patience and help.
Dida Kutz

didak@sfsu.edu

Director
Pacific Cetacean Group
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
M.A. Candidate-Marine Biology
San Francisco State University

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 30 11:22:01 1997
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Date: Thu, 30 Jan 1997 11:12:04 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: who coral-list
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Following is a list of all coral-list members, as of today:

>>>> who coral-list
Members of list 'coral-list':

0396766@sacredheart.edu
100065.3211@compuserve.com
103325.3644@compuserve.com
104147.1166@compuserve.com
3rel1@qlink.queensu.ca
73261.2212@compuserve.com
76142.3451@compuserve.com
76260.2413@compuserve.com
9227421m@udcf.gla.ac.uk
aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca
aaguilar@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx
abeltran@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx
abinyang@bio.usyd.edu.au
abrgor01@dof.moa.my
adiaz@calafia.uabcs.mx
af@mail.sedpal.uni-bremen.de
aiuen@gate.net
akuluki@uclink4.berkeley.edu
alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au
alastair.grenfell@wcmc.org.uk
am94211@tokyo-u-fish.ac.jp
amorim@mfca.uem.mz
andalusi@dephut.cbn.net.id
andreu@msi.upd.edu.ph
andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au
andrew.broadbent1@jcu.edu.au
andy_steven@quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au
anjali@sac.ernet.in
anjali@sac.ernet.in
ann.sharp@jcu.edu.au
annz@sccwrp.org
anya@emu.su.oz.au
aoife.oflynn@seaweed.ucg.ie
arthur.e.paterson@noaa.gov
aquatictec@aol.com
aramm@epix.net
areichel@scu.edu.au
asaied@rsmas.miami.edu
assorman@post.tau.ac.il
aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu
atarrant@soest.hawaii.edu
athrock@hoyt.westminster.edu
atikkan@ix.netcom.com
atyrell@umiami.ir.miami.edu
axel@trinidad.net
b.e.brown@newcastle.ac.uk
banaszak@serc.si.edu
bayumbio@idola.net.id
bbi320@sp2.power.uni-essen.de
bbi340@aixrs1.hrz.uni-essen.de
bbi380@sp2.power.uni-essen.de
bbuckley@rsmas.miami.edu
bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
bd268@freenet.carleton.ca
bette.willis@jcu.edu.au
bhaskell@fknms.nos.noaa.gov
bisc_science@nps.gov
biusing@ppps.po.my
biyanto@dephut.cbn.net.id
bjenkins@casmail.calacademy.org
blassig@mgdestmx01.erin.gov.au
blennies@ix.netcom.com
bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu
bmolnia@usgs.gov
bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu
bobjoh@ice.net.au
brian.long@qld.ml.csiro.au
brianl@gbrmpa.gov.au
bvargas@rsmas.miami.edu
c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au
c1031@cfay-emh.yoko.mrms.navy.mil
cabioch@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr
calesso.diane@epamail.epa.gov
carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu
carlson@soest.hawaii.edu
carola@santamarta.cetcol.net.co
carolyn_brown@ssp.nmfs.gov
cbaggie@aol.com
cbester@bgnet.bgsu.edu
cbingman@netcom.com
ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk
ccook@hboi.edu
cdonovan@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu
cedintern@conservation.org
cemrino@klink.com.ph
cengm@lucs-mac.novell.leeds.ac.uk
ceniacua@colciencias.gov.co
ces@hk.super.net
charles_hill@smtp.mms.gov
charpy@tahiti.orstom.fr
chaz@uog.pacific.edu
chen@biology.ucsc.edu
chg2@cornell.edu
chm@mit.edu
cindyh@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu
clay@coyote.csusm.edu
cml@zool.canterbury.ac.nz
coalter.lathrop@noaa.gov
coan@tiaer.tarleton.edu
coffroth@acsu.buffalo.edu
colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co
coral@igc.apc.org
coral@ucb.edu.bz
corallab@ccms.ntu.edu.tw
coralreefa@aol.com
coralsea@ozemail.com.au
correge@bondy.orstom.fr
courtney@sei.org
cr10@york.ac.uk
crane@aoml.noaa.gov
craynock@aoml.noaa.gov
crompton@hawaii.edu
d.booth@uts.edu.au
d.k.hagman@mail.utexas.edu
d_raney@aloha.net
dalton@pppg.ufba.br
damian.thomson@jcu.edu.au
dan.ryan@acadiau.ca
danadeau@eos.ncsu.edu
datubara@nsu.acast.nova.edu
davel@cc.usu.edu
davez@mpl.ucsd.edu
david.meyer@uc.edu
david_wachenfeld@ccmail.gbrmpa.gov.au
davis_t@usp.ac.fj
dbowe@abacus.bates.edu
dbs@hprnd.rose.hp.com
dbucher@scu.edu.au
dealessi@cei.org
deborah_g_danaher@umail.umd.edu
dee@magumba.uem.mz
defelice@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org
dekeith@tarleton.edu
delia@cbl.umd.edu
denis_frazel/sjrwmd.sjrwmd@district.sjrwmd.state.fl.us
dennis_ahern_at_ray__rec__phl07u42@ccgate.ueci.com
dfs7@cornell.edu
dgleason@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu
dgleason@uh.edu
dhellin@bbsr.edu
dhinckley@igc.apc.org
dick_m@sellers.dep.state.fl.us
did24165@melsa.net.id
didak@sfsu.edu
dizonr@msi.upd.edu.ph
dodge@nsu.acast.nova.edu
dolson@rsmas.miami.edu
don@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us
drdendro@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu
dsantavy@gulfbr.gbr.epa.gov
dscally@ndbc.noaa.gov
dutton@upandang.wasantara.net.id
e.p.green@ncl.ac.uk
e.turak@aims.gov.au
eakin@ogp.noaa.gov
earias@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx
ecampbell@mgdestmx01.erin.gov.au
eclarke@rsmas.miami.edu
ecosense@cura.net
ecz5jdc@mvs.oac.ucla.edu
edilma@pppg.ufba.br
edrew@ozemail.com.au
ekumabe@soest.hawaii.edu
elizabeth.dinsdale@jcu.edu.au
emartino@clam.rutgers.edu
erik.meesters@inter.nl.net
espringe@chuma.cas.usf.edu
eweil@rsmas.miami.edu
exeter.lab@green2.greenpeace.org
eyeon@mail.net-connect.net
eyeon@popalex1.linknet.net
fautin@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu
fclkks@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu
feingold@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu
ferry.roland@epamail.epa.gov
fitt@sparrow.ecology.uga.edu
fnmrl@aurora.alaska.edu
forcucci@aoml.noaa.gov
fortujl9@wfu.edu
fossil@selway.umt.edu
fox-norse.virginia@epamail.epa.gov
fred@utig.ig.utexas.edu
fskr@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk
ftalbot@gse.mq.edu.au
gap1@acpub.duke.edu
garverj@unvax.union.edu
gattuso@naxos.unice.fr
gbenoit@oce.orst.edu
gboland@ocean.tamu.edu
gbuck@crs.loc.gov
gdennis@roo.fit.edu
gdjd@cathar.jcu.edu.au
gektidis@em.uni-frankfurt.de
gellerj@uncwil.edu
gilbert@bio1.lan.mcgill.ca
gill@www-mail.huji.ac.il
ginsburg@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu
gjgast@nioz.nl
glazer_b@skelton.dep.state.fl.us
glowe@hawaii.edu
gochfeld@hawaii.edu
grassle@ahab.rutgers.edu
gregorh@hk.super.net
greta@hawaii.edu
grijm@rhodes.edu
grzebyk@com.univ-mrs.fr
gschmahl@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
guillaum@cimrs1.mnhn.fr
gulko@hawaii.edu
h-alt@nwu.edu
h_sweatman@aims.gov.au
hallk@civl6000a.civil.queensu.ca
hamlett.1@nd.edu
hardy@nessie.cc.wwu.edu
harmelin@com.univ-mrs.fr
hawko@midcoast.com.au
hcesar@worldbank.org
hcliew@pop.jaring.my
hein@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu
hendee@aoml.noaa.gov
hendon@tiaer.tarleton.edu
hlasker@acsu.buffalo.edu
hmoffitt@ca1.jsc.nasa.gov
howzit@io.org
hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx
htalge@seas.marine.usf.edu
hugh@daflight.demon.co.uk
hugrun@centrum.is
hunt_j@skelton.dep.state.fl.us
hwest@bio2.com
i-johnston@bethel.edu
iao@maui.net
ikuffner@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu
inagelk@ibm.net
iomarine@tiac.net
j.m.hawkridge@ncl.ac.uk
j.mcmanus@cgnet.com
j.reichman@mail.utexas.edu
j_benzie@aims.gov.au
j_veron@aims.gov.au
jaap_w@harpo.dep.state.fl.us
james_kendall@smtp.mms.gov
jamez@garnet.berkeley.edu
jamie_oliver@ccmail.gbrmpa.gov.au
janiemsm@aol.com
jcarter@library.ucla.edu
jdbaker@ucdavis.edu
jfirman@rsmas.miami.edu
jhalas@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
jim.bohnsack@noaa.gov
jkoven@aol.com
jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu
jmate@rsmas.miami.edu
jmccallu@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu
jnaughto@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu
jo_lopez@rumac.upr.clu.edu
jogden@marine.usf.edu
jolliffe@oikos.warwick.ac.uk
joshc@primenet.com
joshua@polaris.nova.edu
jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx
jporter@uga.cc.uga.edu
jpowell@btl.net
jrewald@peg.apc.org
jsgold@neaq.org
jstein1@umbc2.umbc.edu
jtranter@ozemail.com.au
judson@fisheries.com
jutro.peter@epamail.epa.gov
jware@erols.com
jwilson4@scu.edu.au
jyed@umich.edu
k_fabricius@aims.gov.au
kac6@acpub.duke.edu
kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk
kayanne@geogr.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
kcohen@rsmas.miami.edu
kdavis01@servax.fiu.edu
keating@soest.hawaii.edu
kelmand@post.tau.ac.il
kelmo@ufba.br
kelty@cbl.cees.edu
kenneth.anthony1@jcu.edu.au
kenneth_deslarzes@smtp.mms.gov
keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
kevinh@ocean.nova.edu
kew@cdc.noaa.gov
kikuchi@ufba.br
kilch@acadia.net
kkassem3@ua1vm.ua.edu
kkuta01@servax.fiu.edu
kleypas@ncar.ucar.edu
kmarg@mail.utexas.edu
kolinski@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu
kropp@battelle.org
kschafer@garnet.berkeley.edu
kudalaut@indo.net.id
l_devantier@aims.gov.au
l_smith@aims.gov.au
laingk@nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu
landim@ufba.br
landsberg_j@sellers.dep.state.fl.us
lapointe@gate.net
larue@orstom.orstom.fr
laurence@alice.wonderland.caltech.edu
lcarrera@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx
leannef@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu
leyteg@angel.umar.mx
lforehan@dialnet.net
lhmats@cats.ucsc.edu
licuanan@msi.upd.edu.ph
lirman@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
lizmat@aol.com
ljones@rsmas.miami.edu
llankau@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu
llmb@acpub.duke.edu
lmfitzg@tigr.org
m.ablan@cgnet.com
m.berggren@kmf.gu.se
m.jordan@omnet.com
m_furnas@aims.gov.au
malits@zoo.univie.ac.at
manatee@netland.nl
marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us
masonc@mail.candw.ag
masters@aoml.noaa.gov
mattia@cbl.cees.edu
mbm4@mail.duke.edu
mbrush@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu
mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph
mcall@superaje.com
mcelweek@ucs.orst.edu
mcgratta@scccvc.corning-cc.edu
mcguire@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu
mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov
mdenise@hkucc.hku.hk
mdowgiallo@cop.noaa.gov
melanie@seas.marine.usf.edu
melecio@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx
mfine@post.tau.ac.il
mhassan@geomar.de
mhedstro@mail.indyzoo.com
michael.s.roy@pop.zi.ku.dk
michele_dastin@ssp.nmfs.gov
minghui@gate.sinica.edu.tw
misaki@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au
mjcalavetta@ucdavis.edu
mjoao@rodrig.uem.mz
mkuhrau@novell.biolan.uni-koeln.de
mmiller@rsmas.miami.edu
mmn100@york.ac.uk
moen#m#_p#d#@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
mpb5@cornell.edu
mrosas@ccemtl.org
mrp31848@maiz.cucba.udg.mx
mruiz@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx
mschultz@ocean.fsu.edu
mt100@umail.umd.edu
mueno@chem.titech.ac.jp
mvierros@bbsr.edu
mws@indra.com
n.j.stevenson@newcastle.ac.uk
n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk
n2narc@sccoast.net
n8643652@fozzie.cc.wwu.edu
nacordah@msi.upd.edu.ph
nancy_daves@ssp.nmfs.gov
nasoli@post.tau.ac.il
nathalie=peter%srd%norm@coasts.nos.noaa.gov
nblack@rsmas.miami.edu
ndaschbach@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
nebelsick@uni-tuebingen.de
nelsen@aoml.noaa.gov
ngassman@rsmas.miami.edu
nick@tualang.unimas.my
niebuhr@vims.edu
nklingener@aol.com
nlbruce@zmuc.ku.dk
norbert.schmidt@server.net4you.co.at
nredah.vs2@oda.gtnet.gov.uk
o.diekmann@biol.rug.nl
oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
omeier@zeus.cofc.edu
orion@dino.coacade.uv.mx
ortner@aoml.noaa.gov
osp078@sos.bangor.ac.uk
oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au
ozeas@pppg.ufba.br
p_doherty@aims.gov.au
pari@com.univ-mrs.fr
parnell@soest.hawaii.edu
partim@bgnet.bgsu.edu
path@amsg.austmus.gov.au
patriqui@is.dal.ca
patterson_m@harpo.dep.state.fl.us
paul.marshall@jcu.edu.au
paul_hough@ccmail.gbrmpa.gov.au
pavona@aol.com
pblancho@gpu.srv.ualberta.ca
pcis@igc.apc.org
pdh@u.washington.edu
pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu
pecheux@eureka.meta.fr
pete.mohan@anheuser-busch.com
peterla@nsu.acast.nova.edu
peyrot@com.univ-mrs.fr
pfh@hq.iucn.org
pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu
picciolo@nodc.noaa.gov
pichardo@polaris.ncs.nova.edu
pichon@univ-perp.fr
pjcm@st-andrews.ac.uk
plankton1@juno.com
plbentos@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx
pmap@cathar.jcu.edu.au
pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu
podar@utsw.swmed.edu
potts.kennard@epamail.epa.gov
potts@biology.ucsc.edu
pottst@nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu
priess@com.univ-mrs.fr
prjcolli@aol.com
prtaylor@nsf.gov
psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org
psammarco@smtpgw.lumcon.edu
psd@udcf.gla.ac.uk
pswart@rsmas.miami.edu
put-ang@cuhk.hk
qereqeretabu@usp.ac.fj
quinn@chuma.cas.usf.edu
quinn_n@usp.ac.fj
r.babcock@auckland.ac.nz
r_ninio@aims.gov.au
raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu
rbak@nioz.nl
rbohrer@carbon.marine.usf.edu
rcarter@rsmas.miami.edu
reaka@zool.umd.edu
reef003@aol.com
reef@key.net
reef@newsup.univ-mrs.fr
reefcare@cura.net
reefnet@cerf.net
remi.wattier@univ-lille1.fr
rferguson@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov
rfgo1@york.ac.uk
rgf@i-manila.com.ph
rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu
rhinde@bio.usyd.edu.au
rhumphre@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu
richardl@servax.fiu.edu
richmall@zool.umd.edu
ritter@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
rjones@bio.usyd.edu.au
rkinzie@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu
robbie@bbsr.edu
roche@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
rogeru@batelco.com.bh
rohan.pratt@jcu.edu.au
rom@vims.edu
romano@onyx.si.edu
roshanr@mail.utexas.edu
rsainz@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx
sale@server.uwindsor.ca
salhaz10@scu.edu.au
sambrott@ldgo.columbia.edu
saucerms@prel.hawaii.edu
sbail@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu
sbaumgartner@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
schiller@zoo.univie.ac.at
scoffin@glg.ed.ac.uk
scott@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au
seagal@ix.netcom.com
seaphd@aol.com
seascience@aol.com
selward@ozemail.com.au
sfallon@pwa.acusd.edu
sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
sgray@pwa.acusd.edu
sgustaf@marine.usf.edu
sh@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk
sharohl@cc.usu.edu
she@hawaii.edu
sjameson@coralseas.com
skinane@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu
sl84b@cc.usu.edu
slcoles@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org
slvieweg@ucdavis.edu
smckenna@bbsr.edu
smiller@gate.net
smitha@candw.lc
smithne@ucsu.colorado.edu
smorrison@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
snapper@music.cc.uga.edu
soakley@tualang.unimas.my
soemarsono@dephut.cbn.net.id
sophie@bio.usyd.edu.au
sos@aloha.net
spalding@wcmc.org.uk
spero@geology.ucdavis.edu
spook@uclink2.berkeley.edu
spurcell@chuma.cas.usf.edu
squentin@mcn.org
ssecunda@usa.pipeline.com
ssponaugle@ccmail.sunysb.edu
steve@rfx.rfx.com
sthornto@nsu.acast.nova.edu
stri01.naos.bakera@ic.si.edu
stri01.naos.collisop@ic.si.edu
stri01.naos.knowlton@ic.si.edu
stri01.naos.lessiosh@ic.si.edu
stri01.naos.pandolfj@ic.si.edu
strong@charleston.nadn.navy.mil
sue.flood@bbc.co.uk
susie.westmacott@resource.nl
svargo@marine.usf.edu
swells@wwfnet.org
szachary@is2.dal.ca
t.done@aims.gov.au
t_ayukai@aims.gov.au
tangni@garnet.berkeley.edu
tdarius@pasteur.fr
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teels@ocean.acast.nova.edu
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tmartin@berksys.com
tmartinbva@aol.com
tmoore@alice.wonderland.caltech.edu
tmurdoch@bbsr.edu
tracey.jordan@noaa.gov
trath@btl.net
tremle@folly.cofc.edu
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tshyka@wam.umd.edu
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tsocci@usgcrp.gov
tturner@uvi.edu
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ut.vungoc@rug.ac.be
vanessa.craig@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
vezo@aol.com
vicki.hall@jcu.edu.au
vscalco@earthsat.com
vtesta@conex.com.br
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webb@back.vims.edu
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wepayne@empire.net
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wihatch@osprey.smcm.edu
wintere@post.tau.ac.il
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y-granda@uniandes.edu.co
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yamano@geogr.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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fuller@imcs.rutgers.edu
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liaserra@biologia.univalle.edu.co
KESLER@rhodes.edu
dbaker@tm.net.my
ifleming@montereybay.com
hhudson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
cebarcen@sinsa.univalle.edu.co
pihenon@biologia.univalle.edu.co
bsp6@cornell.edu
mahani@unidata.unidata.po.my
osha@pobox.com
poseidon@infochan.com
winisurfer@bluewin.ch
jenkeck@hotmail.com
Jon.Aas@Oslo.Norad.telemax.no
morrisw@unbsj.ca
smarquez@strix.ciens.ucv.ve
stengard@seas.marine.usf.edu
JosephVMD@aol.com
Tom_Schmidt@nps.gov
jjspring@unity.ncsu.edu
peterg@huge.net.hk
ricardo@dop.uac.pt
thorrold@estuary.amrl.odu.edu
timasci@nbnet.nb.ca
orramos@usgs.gov
wes@ihe.nl
reavis@IMAP2.ASU.EDU
nzwrt@ihug.co.nz
jminow@zedat.fu-berlin.de
gilliam@ocean.nova.edu
wra@zoo.toronto.edu
jody@es.su.oz.au
lotus@sunbeach.net
ZAC@CCIT.ARIZONA.EDU
lmfitzg@tigr.org
stephani@forsterite.geology.washington.edu
bogorman@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu
ashley@griffon.mwsc.edu
emueller@mote.org
SCHAEFER@WR3600.DNET.LSU.EDU
lmac@fknms.nos.noaa.gov
h8306933@miraculix.wu-wien.ac.at
jfbarimo@saturn.vcu.edu
jsantangelo@spacey.net
pjc27@student.open.ac.uk
Hanisak@HBOI.edu
STENECK@maine.maine.edu
kula2@aloha.net
Woody832@aol.com
gannet@cftnet.com
rmurray@InfoChan.COM
106300.475@compuserve.com
fudena@conicit.ve
dew@seas.marine.usf.edu
thie@melsa.net.id
pahowd@acpub.duke.edu
sbf@btl.net
dydt@durian.usc.edu.ph
nhi753@abdn.ac.uk
lrh@speedy.coacade.uv.mx
t04mak@abdn.ac.uk
korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za
BCook1997@aol.com
jjwill@es.co.nz
Painting@SP.SFRI.AC.ZA
ebroark@violet.berkeley.edu
jlichtman@rsmas.miami.edu
rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx
karlapo@servidor.unam.mx
nhi752@abdn.ac.uk
pausina_rb@ruoaxp.wlf.state.la.us
Vapenik@zos.unibe.ch
anthony.rouphael@jcu.edu.au
HILLISL@naos.si.edu
>>>>
>>>>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 30 12:04:44 1997
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Date: Thu, 30 Jan 1997 11:46:40 +0500 (GMT)
From: Coleccion de referencia - Invemar <colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral reef and seagrass
In-Reply-To: <v02140b0aaf153edc4c4c@[129.171.103.93]>
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I need information regarding coral reef and seagrass beds community
structure.
I have found just a paper about, manicina aerolata, wich lives in this
kind of substrate, population study. Does any body knows some one working
in this item?.
Thanks in advance for any help.
Silvia Moreno

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 30 14:52:15 1997
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Date: Thu, 30 Jan 1997 15:45:25 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: barthel@maine.maine.edu (Steneck Lab)
Subject: Internships in Marine Ecology
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SUBTIDAL MARINE ECOLOGY SUMMER INTERNSHIPS
TO STUDY GREEN SEA URCHINS AND LOBSTERS ALONG THE MAINE COAST
AT THE DARLING MARINE CENTER, UNIVERSITY OF MAINE

We are seeking applicants to help conduct research on two projects. One
studies the interactions between algae and sea urchins along the coast of
Maine with particular emphasis on the effects of kelp on urchin settlement
and survival. The other project is focused on predicting lobster stocks
from settlement and life history data. Both projects have fishery
management implications.

Research will be based primarily from the Darling Marine Center in the
Pemaquid region of the Maine Coast. But trips up to a week in duration
will be made to three other regions along the coast of Maine, including the
scenic islands of the Mt. Desert region.

We are looking for at least six interns, four of which need to be SCUBA
certified. Diving is shallow (up to 60 feet) in cold (40-65oF) water.
Applicants must have their own full wetsuits or drysuits. Small boat
handling experience is a plus. All divers need to be certified divers,
have current CPR and First Aid certification, and the proper dive physical.

Field research will include underwater surveying, and deploying and
retrieving experiments.
Those interns not certified will conduct lab experments and analyze data.
All interns will be involved in construction of experiments, sorting
samples collected from the field, and some computer data analysis.

The duration of the internship is about 3 months. Most interns will start
the first week of June, but there is a need for a few to start in late
April or the beginning of July. Interns will live in the dorms at the
Darling Marine Center, which is a busy place in the summer hosting interns,
graduate students and researchers from around the nation and world.

Room charges and monthly stipend will be provided. In addition, interns
will receive training in diving and boat handling. There will be weekly
seminars and evening discussion sessions on scientific literature pertinent
to our research.

We are seeking people who are enthusiastic about this kind of work, and may
be considering research as an occupation. Exotic as this project may
sound, please realize it requires long days of either physically demanding
work in cold water, or long hours sorting samples in lab. Enthusiasm and
excitement about marine research are just as (if not more) important than
experience in determining a rewarding internship. This is a great
opportunity for hands-on training in the field. Many past interns have
used this experience to go on to graduate school or for employment as
research technicians.

For more information and an application form please email us at:

Barthel@maine.maine.edu

and we can send an application and information by email.
Appllication deadline is MARCH 28, 1997.
We will notify interns by mid-April.

If you cannot email, send a self-addressed, stamped, business-size envelope to:

DR. ROBERT STENECK
1997 SUMMER INTERN PROGRAM
DARLING MARINE CENTER
WALPOLE, ME 04573

******************
Steneck Lab
1997 Summer Intern Program
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, ME 04573
******************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 30 17:08:57 1997
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Date: Thu, 30 Jan 1997 16:56:18 -0500 (EST)
From: Rebecca Penwell <penwellr@fiu.edu>
X-Sender: penwellr@serss1
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: who coral-list
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970130111030.4077F-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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I am a student at FIU and I would like any information or references that
you could give me on the effects of pollution on coral reefs and coral
reef fishes. Anything will be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

Rebecca A. Penwell
Florida International University
9141 SW 122nd Ave.
Apt.#108
Miami, FL 33186
305-273-5586

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 30 18:58:12 1997
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From: Rick Grigg <rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu>
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To: Rebecca Penwell <penwellr@fiu.edu>
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 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear Rebecca,

	In response to your question about literature relative to coral
reef fishes and pollution, please see:
	Grigg, R.W. 1994. Effects of sewage discharge, fishing pressure
and habitat complexity on coral ecosystems and reef fishes in Hawaii. Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser. 103:25-34.
	and
	Grigg, R.W. 1995. Coral reefs in an urban environment in Hawaii:
a complex case history controlled by natural and anthropogenic stress.
Coral Reefs, 14:253-266.
							R. Grigg

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 31 09:06:17 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kuda Laut <kudalaut@indo.net.id>
Subject: International Workshop on Fish Visual Census
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International Workshop
on Fish Visual Census
in Marine Protected Areas

Ustica, Italy, 26-28 June 1997

World Wide Web page:
Further information can be found on the Workshop Internet page at the address:
http://www.wp.com/kudalaut/vcensus.html

---------------------------------------

Please note:

the scientific organisation of the

International Workshop on Fish Visual Census in Marine Protected Areas

has moved to the following e-mail address:

kudalaut@indo.net.id

Until the 15th of may.

Please, address there the Abstracts (remind that the deadline is 31th of
March 1997), subscription, information inquiry, to:

kudalaut@indo.net.id

Best Regards

Massimo Boyer, Paola Bearzi

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre *
 * Kuda Laut Project *
 * P.O. Box 1535 *
 * Manado 95001 *
 * North Sulawesi *
 * Indonesia *
 * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100 *
 * E mail: kudalaut@indo.net.id *
 * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 31 09:06:17 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kuda Laut <kudalaut@indo.net.id>
Subject: International Workshop on Fish Visual Census
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:

International Workshop
on Fish Visual Census
in Marine Protected Areas

Ustica, Italy, 26-28 June 1997

World Wide Web page:
Further information can be found on the Workshop Internet page at the address:
http://www.wp.com/kudalaut/vcensus.html

---------------------------------------

Please note:

the scientific organisation of the

International Workshop on Fish Visual Census in Marine Protected Areas

has moved to the following e-mail address:

kudalaut@indo.net.id

Until the 15th of may.

Please, address there the Abstracts (remind that the deadline is 31th of
March 1997), subscription, information inquiry, to:

kudalaut@indo.net.id

Best Regards

Massimo Boyer, Paola Bearzi

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre *
 * Kuda Laut Project *
 * P.O. Box 1535 *
 * Manado 95001 *
 * North Sulawesi *
 * Indonesia *
 * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100 *
 * E mail: kudalaut@indo.net.id *
 * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 31 09:18:47 1997
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Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 09:09:48 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Global Change Biology issue on Coral Reefs
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Forwarded information, thanks to Dr. Bob Ginsburg:

---------

Volume two, issue six (1996), of Global Change Biology, which is dedicated
to coral reefs, is available at US$10.60 per issue, if you are purchasing
the issue for your own personal use and paying for the issue using a
personal cheque or credit card. If you wish to purchase 10 copies of the
issue we can offer you a 50% discount. Postage via air-speeded delivery
is included in the per issue price, airmail is an option at an extra
US$3.00 per issue.

If you would like any further assistance, please do not hesitate to
contact me.

With kind regards.

Rebecca Bradbury
Blackwell Science Ltd
Oxford, UK
rebecca.bradbury@blacksci.co.uk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 31 13:26:56 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Job Opportunity: Maytag Endowed Chair in Ichthyology
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ENDOWED CHAIR IN ICHTHYOLOGY. Search Reopened. The Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami, seeks an
ichthyologist to fill the Maytag Chair. Established in 1957, the Chair is a
fully endowed position in the broad field of ichthyology. Candidates must
have an established reputation in research and an excellent record of
publication, so as to meet the standard for appointment at the academic rank
of Full Professor. Candidates from all areas of specialization will be
considered. Responsibilities include a strong externally funded research
program, directing graduate students, and teaching graduate courses.
Southern Florida is a center of recreational fishing, and it is desirable
that the interaction of the Chair with this community will continue.
Applicants should forward curriculum vitae, a statement of research and
teaching interests, and the names of references. Since this is a continuing
search applicants considered earlier will not be reconsidered. Send all
materials to: Professor Samuel Snedaker, Search Committee Chair, Division of
Marine Biology and Fisheries, RSMAS, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker
Cswy, Miami, FL 33149-1098, for a target date of 15 March 1997. The
University of Miami is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149

TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail: ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 31 14:36:09 1997
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Date: Fri, 31 Jan 1997 13:03:34 -0500 (EST)
From: Rebecca Penwell <penwellr@fiu.edu>
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On Thu, 30 Jan 1997, Rebecca Penwell wrote:

> I am a student at FIU and I would like any information or references that
> you could give me on the effects of pollution on coral reefs and coral
> reef fishes. Anything will be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
I would also appreciate any references or information on what affects
recruitment of coral reef fishes, importance of coral reefs: economically
and ecologically,effects of fishing on coral reef fish and coral
reefs, human impacts on coral reefs, and effects of removing
coral and coral reef fish for aquariums. THanks again!
> > Rebecca A.Penwell
> FloridaInternational University >
9141 SW 122nd Ave.
> Apt.#108
> Miami, FL 33186
> 305-273-5586
>
>
>

Rebecca A. Penwell
Florida International University
9141 SW 122nd Ave.
Apt.#108
Miami, FL 33186
305-273-5586

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Feb 2 16:02:10 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlichtman@rsmas.miami.edu (Jimmy Lichtman)
Subject: anyone know bill wilson?
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i'm trying to get in touch with a fellow named bill wilson.
i understand he is a coral reef conservationist now in palau.

the last address i have for him is in santa cruz, ca.

grateful for any info.,

-jimmy

 |\ ( )
______________________________________________|_\_________________________
Jimmy Lichtman, Graduate Student ----- -_-_
 Marine Affairs, Univ. of Miami -- - -
 Celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Feb 2 16:12:11 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlichtman@rsmas.miami.edu (Jimmy Lichtman)
Subject: reefwatcher?
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anyone know if reefwatcher, based in york england, is still in
business.

i'm trying to find a good group to direct divers who are
interested in helping to protect reefs. they seemed like a
they were doing good work.

anyone out there have anyplace they like to direct divers to?

-jimmy

 |\ ( )
______________________________________________|_\_________________________
Jimmy Lichtman, Graduate Student ----- -_-_
 Marine Affairs, Univ. of Miami -- - -
 Celebrate the 1997 International Year of the Reef

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Feb 2 20:48:40 1997
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Date: Sun, 2 Feb 1997 20:00:49 -0500 (EST)
From: Leah Bunce <llmb@acpub.duke.edu>
To: Jimmy Lichtman <jlichtman@rsmas.miami.edu>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: reefwatcher?
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I was in touch with Reefwatch in November 1993 and at that time Tim
Austin was coordinator. From looking over my communication with them
(regarding a study of reefs they did in Antigua) it seems that Lynne
Barratt was on maternity leave at the time and so I would guess that she
is the current coordinator. Regardless, all I have is Dr. Austin's
contact info
which is: Dept. of Biology, Univ. of York, York, Y01 5DD, England, UK;
tel: (0) 904-432945; fax: (0) 904-432860

I assume being in Florida that you've contact Reef Education Foundation
(REEF). Earthwatch may have some dive study sites as well.

Good luck,
Leah Bunce
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
Duke University Nicholas School of the Environment, Marine Laboratory
135 Duke Marine Lab Rd., Beaufort NC 28516
phone 919/504-7570; fax 919/504-7648

e-mail: llmb@acpub.duke.edu
http://www.env.duke.edu/marinelab/marine.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 3 15:18:04 1997
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Date: Mon, 03 Feb 1997 18:54:16 +0000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
Subject: Standardised Methods For Underwater Censuses
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Hello all,

I wonder if someone can tell me whether there is any standardisation in the
methods used to assess both fish and algal abundance on coral reefs.
Considering it is the International Year of the Reef, I wondered if there is
a general consensus among tropical marine biologists as to methods used in
the quantification of these parameters.

Please reply to my email rather than the list. If anyone is interested in
the replies I receive then let me know and I will forward messages - that is
if I get any at all!!

Thankyou.

Cassian Edwards.

**********************************************************
* Cassian Edwards, *
* School of Biological Sciences, *
* Queen Mary and Westfield College (London University), *
* Mile End Road, *
* E1 4NS, *
* England. *
* *
* email: c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk *
**********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 4 11:55:46 1997
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	Mon, 3 Feb 1997 23:56:14 -0500 (EST)
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 1997 23:57:19 -0500 (EST)
From: Rebecca Penwell <penwellr@fiu.edu>
X-Sender: penwellr@serss1
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
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Subject: Re: who coral-list
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I would greatly apprecixate it if anyone could send me any information
that they may have come across on marine parks and marine reserves. Thank
you.
appreciaeate

Rebecca A. Penwell
Florida International University
9141 SW 122nd Ave.
Apt.#108
Miami, FL 33186
305-273-5586

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 4 12:01:11 1997
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Date: Tue, 4 Feb 1997 09:51:36 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: revised coral reef success criteria
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The latest, and probably final, version of "SOUTH FLORIDA ECOSYSTEM
SUCCESS INDICATOR - 11: Improvement of Coral Reef Conditions," by Dr.
Michael P. Crosby (NOAA/NOS) can now be found at:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/coralesi2.html

	Cheers,

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 4 15:56:27 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: cyanide and blast fishing update
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Forwarded message from cemrino@klink.com.ph

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 3 Feb 1997 16:42:37 +0800
From: CEMRINO, Inc. <cemrino@klink.com.ph>
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: To coralist: preserves

 Several recent messages have expressed concern for the effects of
overfishing, cyanide and blast fishing on coral reefs. I would like to make
a few points about progress combating these in the central Philippines that
might be helpful to some readers. In the province of Negros Oriental, blast
fishing has been stopped, cyanide fishing in non-existent, and about 19
preserves are in place and working. This began with a Silliman University
team over 20 years ago which included Angel Alcala, Lawton Alcala, and Alan
White, and has continued with research by Gary Russ, and by CEMRINO- a
support group funded by the European Union, and continuing work by Lawton
Alcala and the Research Management Division of the provincial government.
For many years, work centered on Sumilon Island, which had successes and
failures, and Apo Island- a continuing success.
 Marine reserves are well-known for allowing the recovery of fish
stocks within the reserve, which can lead to 1. some fish wandering outside
the preserve and getting caught, thus increasing total fish catches. 2.
Increased maximum fish size leading to greatly increased egg & larvae
production to re-seed other overfished areas by dispersal. 3. Increased
fish size and density necessary for dive tourism. Bohnsack (1994) has
argued eloquently for point 2. But I would like to propose that point 1 is
actually the most critical in the short term. This is because developing
countries like the Philippines have little or no capacity for enforcement of
regulations. IF FISHERMEN FIND THEIR CATCHES INCREASING AFTER THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF A MARINE RESERVE, THEY WILL BECOME ITS STRONGEST DEFENDERS,
indeed, it's only effective defenders. This is the key that makes preserves
work- if the fishermen don't want it or don't care, the preserve will fail,
if they do want it, it has a good chance, especially if they are supported.
This makes community-based preserves an imperative. The national government
can declare preserves and parks, that will remain "paper parks" and may even
hasten overuse. In Negros Oriental, many years of working with the
fishermen, teaching, involving them in decisions, etc. have paid off. The
sanctuary at Apo took several years to become firmly defended by the
fishermen, but now it is secure, and fish catches are up and dive tourism is
growing. Fishermen may take some convincing, but once they find their
catches improving they become strong defenders of the preserve. One of our
new preserves is swarming with fish after only 2 years! These preserves
are, in effect, natural fish farms. And the word spreads. Setting up
preserves in this province is now much easier than it used to be- 19 are now
in place, all but a couple started in the last few years. We have been kept
busy just surveying the places fishermen are suggesting for reserves- it's a
popular concept here with fishermen- "the other village has one, how come we
can't have one?" Our provincial government is committed to devoting scarce
resources to continuing the work. And now, a variety of other groups in
other provinces are starting to do the same thing. This is an idea whose
time has come- it's catching on like a spark in dry grass, because everybody
benefits- fisherman, conservationist, and diver.
 A critical factor seems to be that the community that fishes a reef
lives within easy sight of the reef. Offshore reefs are much harder to
patrol and defend- Sumilon had no resident fishing community, while Apo
does, which is a major reason for the difference in outcome. Probably the
best reef in the country is Tubbataha, which is so remote it is very hard to
defend- see Alan White's book. During the education of resident fishing
communities, the destructive nature of cyanide, blast, and compressor
fishing can be emphasized, so that fishing outside the preserve can allow
some recovery. Fishing villages here will drive off destructive fishers
from elsewhere or even confiscate gear.
 In the future, dive tourism could bring in much more income than
fishing from the same reefs. I point to Cozumel, Mexico, where a coral reef
preserve about 15 miles long hosts about 50 dive boats a day and 2000 dives.
This supports 50 dive shops, the owners and employees of the boats, hotels,
restaurants, curio shops, airlines, and all their suppliers. A town of
80,000 people lives mostly off diving, and Cozumel ranks along with
Alcapulco and Cancun among Mexico's biggest foreign-exchange earners. Some
(but not all) dive operators and divers are worried about the effect of
diving on the reef, yet the relatively mild effects of hurricane Gilbert
(Fenner, 1991) far overshadowed the effects of divers, and the reefs are
recovering from the hurricane in spite of 2000 dives/day continuing 365
days a year. Divers do some damage, but there is a growing concern among
divers to protect reefs, and frankly, we may not have any other viable
options (Gary Russ, 1996 argues we have no alternative to preserves). We
can't turn the clock back to when only 1 or 2 billion people were crowded on
this earth, and fish were abundant. Tourism can be badly mismanaged so that
the wealthy come to sun on a beach in an all-inclusive resort guarded by
barbed wire to keep the poor out, and almost all the money goes to wealthy
owners in developed countries. Dive tourism doesn't have to be that way,
and dive shops, hotels, and restaurants can be locally-owned, generate lots
of jobs, and generate good will, as in Cozumel.
 The preserve idea is catching on just in time, because the general
impression that many sites have been destroyed is quite right. And it may
get worse. President Ramos on Dec 9 stated in a speech that the present
human population of the Philippines is growing at 2.32% a year, and food
production is growing at 1% a year. Better dissemination of new varieties
of rice and corn would speed food production, but unless the human
population growth is greatly reduced, all our efforts are going to be
temporary victories- we will win the battle but loose the war. Solving the
population problem will not solve other problems, but other problems cannot
be solved (more than temporarily) without solving the population problem,
and that includes fisheries and coral reef protection. Improving education,
women's status, and income all help population efforts. -Douglas Fenner

Arquiza, Y. and A. White. 1994. Tales from Tubbataha. Bandillo ng Palawan
Foundation, Inc., Puerto Princessa, Palawan 136 pp.
Bohnsack, J. A. 1994. Marine reserves: they enhance fisheries, reduce
conflicts, and protect resources. NAGA, the ICLARM Quarterly 17(3) 4-7.
Also in Oceanus 1993, 36(3)
Fenner, D. P. 1991. Effects of Hurricane Gilbert on Coral reefs, fishes
and sponges at Cozumel, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 48: 719-730.
Russ, G. R. 1996. Fisheries management: what chance on coral reefs? NAGA
19(3): 5-9.
Russ, G. R. & A. C. Alcala. 1994. Sumilon Island reserve: 20 years of
hopes and frustrations. NAGA 17(3) 8-12.
Centre for the Establishment of Marine Reserves in Negros Oriental
(CEMRINO)
P.O. Box 187
Dumaguete City 6200
Negros Oriental
Philippines
Tel./Fax: (+63 35) 225 5563

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 4 16:55:43 1997
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Date: Wed, 5 Feb 1997 04:47:41 +0000 (WET)
From: Charles Evans Birkeland <birkelan@uog9.uog.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bruce Hatcher address
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Dear Colleages:

Does anyone have the latest e-mail address for Dr. Bruce G. Hatcher. I've
tried hatcher@caribsurf.com and hatcher_b@col.barbet.net and
bhatcher@ac.dal.ca They are all sent back as unknown addresses. Sorry
to bother you all, but I have urgent business. Thanks.

Sincerely,

Charles Birkeland
birkelan@uog9.uog.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 31 13:26:16 1997
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From: "Tanya Dobrzynski" <aoctd@wizard.net>
Organization: American Oceans Campaign
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--Message-Boundary-29259
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Hi folks!!
I just wanted to let everyone know that American Oceans Campaign
(AOC) has been working with Congressman Saxton's (R-NJ) office to
sponsor a Concurrent Resolution to protect coral reefs. I have attached an
action alert giving more details and urging people to gain
cosponsors.

Also, I wanted to let you all know that I am currently working on a
paper regarding how modifications to the Clean Water Act could
benefit coral reef ecosystems. As I am not an expert on CWA issues,
I welcome any suggestions from anyone who has some relevant ideas.
Thanks for your help,
Tanya Dobrzynski (AOC)
--Message-Boundary-29259
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 5 08:13:20 1997
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Date: Wed, 5 Feb 1997 08:07:14 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 International Year of the Reef <iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network <gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: use: majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov instead
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First, let me apologize to those of you who will be receiving multiple
copies of this message. Many of you are subscribed to all three
listservers.

Because of the recent physical change in the location of the listserver, I
would like to ask that *instead* of sending many of your administrative
requests (i.e., subscribe, unsubscribe, who, lists, etc.) to:

	majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov

please instead use,

	majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Hopefully, all messages sent to workstation reef will still be forwarded
correctly to workstation coral without your noticing anything. However,
there have apparently been a few instances where there have been problems.
Therefore, if you have problems, please try resending your majordomo
request to coral instead of reef.

Many thanks for your patience.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee
	Lists Administrator

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 5 16:21:45 1997
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Date: Wed, 5 Feb 1997 13:35:53 -0500
To: BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu (Clim-Econ List),
 CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 anderson@worldpal.org (D.C. Anderson)
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: February 10th US Global Change Seminar: "Assessing Regional Climate Impacts
 Using Global-Scale General Circulation Models"
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 U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series

 Assessing U.S. Regional Climate Impacts Using Global-Scale General
 Circulation Models

 Is it feasible to use global-scale general circulation models (GCMs) to
 assess climate impacts on regional and local scales? How reliable are
 these methods and how well do they estimate regional climate factors such
 as rainfall and stream flow? What can such estimates tell us about the
 regional scale impacts of climate change?

 Public Invited

 Monday, February 10, 1997, 3:15-4:45 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

Dr. Joel Scheraga, Director of the Climate, Policy, and Assessment
Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.

SPEAKERS

Dr. Eric J. Barron, Director of the Earth System Science Center,
Pennsylvania State University, College Park, PA.

Dr. Robert G. Crane, Professor of Geography and Associate Dean for
Education, College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State
University, College Park, PA.

 Overview

 Global-scale climate models (GCMs) can be successfully employed in
examining the potential climate impacts of global warming on a regional
scale, using a variety of recently developed techniques. Regional climate
change results (assuming a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration)
derived from such techniques project, for example, that the northeastern
U.S. will have higher wintertime precipitation while the southwestern U.S.
is projected to be substantially drier during winter. In summer, warmer
global conditions are predicted to lead to increased precipitation over the
southern U.S. These results would suggest that the Susquehanna River
Basin, which is being examined closely, would receive higher levels of
precipitation during every season in a doubled CO2 world, with the largest
increases being in spring and summer.

 Global climate models, coupled with careful, regional modeling and
analysis techniques, are the only tool available for providing long-term
predictions of future climate and for assessing the climate implications of
human activities. These comprehensive models require considerable computer
resources, and consequently, they resolve the Earth's atmosphere and land
surface only at very coarse spatial resolution (hundreds of miles). Using
this spatial resolution, the ability of global models to produce
simulations of the variables essential for assessing the regional impacts
of global climate change on human or ecological systems is generally
limited. For example, because precipitation is highly variable in time and
geographic location, the prediction of this critical variable by global
models tends to be inadequate for use in evaluating the regional
consequences of precipitation changes for agriculture and/or water
resources.

 In order to address this fundamental dilemma, two unique approaches
are being explored so that results from global-scale climate models can, in
fact, be successfully transformed into information that is useful in
examining regional-scale changes relating to economic or ecological
interests in a particular area. The first technique is called "nesting,"
and involves embedding a high resolution, limited-area climate model within
a global-scale General Circulation Model (GCM) of the atmosphere. This is
now being done for the United States. With this technique, the prediction
of precipitation, particularly in the central U.S., is substantially
improved compared to the global-scale model. The model results show a high
correspondence with observations. Furthermore, the high resolution
precipitation prediction provides a firm foundation for predicting river
flow in major regions of the U.S. such as the Susquehanna River Basin which
feeds into Chesapeake Bay. This has been demonstrated by an ability to
simulate precipitation over the Basin and to match observed measurements
of precipitation and water flow when the mesoscale model is coupled to a
hydrologic model. The reason for the improved prediction of precipitation
in the nested model is directly related to achieving better representation
of the precipitation physics and because of the improved incorporation of
topography.

 Statistical techniques also have significant potential as a method
of "downscaling" (scaling from a coarse resolution model to a high spatial
resolution prediction for a region). As an example, a set of so-called
"neural net transfer functions" (a set of mathematical expressions) are
being used to derive high resolution precipitation predictions for the
Susquehanna River Basin based on global-scale GCM predictions of the
circulation and humidity, an approach similar to what is used to derive
local weather forecasts. The downscaled precipitation is, once again, a
close match to the observed data.

 The improved ability to simulate precipitation using both
downscaling methods and nested models indicates potential for greatly
improved estimates of the regional impacts of climate change. For this
reason, both techniques are being used to produce precipitation predictions
for the initial case of a warmer world resulting from a doubling of
atmospheric carbon dioxide. The nested model domain includes the entire
continental United States. In winter, the northeastern U.S. is predicted
to have higher precipitation (rising from an average of 1-2 mm/day to 2-4
mm/day), and the southwestern U.S. is predicted to be substantially drier.
In summer, the largest changes from a doubled CO2 concentration involve
increased precipitation over the southern U.S. The neural net technique,
which is centered on the Susquehanna River Basin, indicates higher
precipitation during every season in a doubled CO2 world, with a
substantial increase (32%) in spring and summer. The smallest increases
occur in the southeastern part of the Basin. Such increases would have
dramatic effects on river flow, on valley communities, and on the
Chesapeake Bay.

 Biographies

Dr. Eric Barron received his bachelor's degree in geology from Florida
State University in 1973. He then began the study of oceanography and
climate at the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences at the
University of Miami, receiving his master's degree in 1976 and his Ph.D. in
1980. His career in climate modeling was initiated with a supercomputing
fellowship at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in 1976.
In 1980 he accepted a postdoctoral fellowship at NCAR in Boulder,
Colorado, and in 1981 he joined the staff in the Climate Section at NCAR.
In 1985 he returned to the University of Miami as an Associate Professor.
In 1986 he became a member of the Pennsylvania State University faculty as
Director of the Earth System Science Center and an Associate Professor of
Geosciences. His position currently remains the Director of the Earth
System Science Center and Professor of Geosciences. Areas of
specialization include, global change, numerical models of the climate
system, and study of climate change throughout Earth history.

Dr. Robert Crane received his bachelor's degree in physical geography from
the University of Reading, England, in 1976. He did graduate work in polar
climatology, microwave remote sensing, and sea ice-atmosphere interactions
at the University of Colorado's Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research
(INSTAAR) and the National Snow and Ice Data Center, receiving a Master's
degree in 1978 and a Ph.D. in 1981. As a Research Associate in the
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), he
continued his work on the microwave remote sensing of sea ice.
Subsequently, Dr. Crane spent a year as a visiting professor at the
University of Saskatchewan. He joined the faculty of the Pennsylvania
State University in 1985. Dr. Crane held a joint appointment in the
Department of Geography and in the Earth System Science Center from 1985 to
1993, serving as Associate Director of the Center from 1990 to 1993. He
was appointed Associate Dean for Education in the College of Earth and
Mineral Sciences in 1993, and currently holds the position of Associate
Dean and Professor of Geography. His areas of specialization include sea
ice-atmosphere interactions, synoptic climatology, and regional-scale
climate change.

 The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, March 3, 1997

Planned Topic: Ecological and Climatic Consequences of Human-Induced
 Changes in the Global Nitrogen Balance

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office
Code YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546
Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax: (202) 358-4103
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 5 19:25:42 1997
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Date: Wed, 5 Feb 1997 16:19:32 +0500 (GMT)
From: HACEDOR DE VIDA <alan@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral reef and Oceanography.
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I need information abouth oceanographic research in coral reef zone.

==============================================================================
ALAN GIRALDO LOPEZ Desde el momento que no puedes lo
UNIVERSIDAD DEL VALLE que quieres, procura querer lo que
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS te sea posible.
DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGIA Terencio
BIOLOGIA MARINA
A.A. 25360 CALI.COLOMBIA
FAX. (00572)(3392440) E-mail alan@biomarina.univalle.edu.co
 (00572)(3301922)
==============================================================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 6 05:27:42 1997
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Date: Thu, 6 Feb 1997 09:24:50 GMT
From: Callum Roberts <cr10@york.ac.uk>
Subject: Timescales of reserve benefits
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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CEMRINO wrote:

"Marine reserves are well-known for allowing the recovery of fish
stocks within the reserve, which can lead to 1. some fish wandering
outside the preserve and getting caught, thus increasing total fish
catches. 2. Increased maximum fish size leading to greatly
increased egg & larvae production to re-seed other overfished areas
by dispersal. 3. Increased fish size and density necessary for dive
tourism. Bohnsack (1994) has argued eloquently for point 2. But I
would like to propose that point 1 is actually the most critical in the
short term. This is because developing countries like the Philippines
have little or no capacity for enforcement of regulations. IF
FISHERMEN FIND THEIR CATCHES INCREASING AFTER THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF A MARINE RESERVE, THEY WILL BECOME ITS
STRONGEST DEFENDERS.

A response to the interesting and very encouraging posting by
CEMRINO, relating particularly to point 1 above. Overspill from
reserves is clearly one important mechanism by which they can
benefit fishers. However, I doubt that the timescale over which such a
benefit will occur will be much faster than that over which benefits
from increased egg production accrue. Fish densities need to build
up in reserves before significant export of juveniles and adults will
occur. By this time, reserves should also be acting as an egg source
for replenishment of fishing grounds. In the short term (2-3 years) it is
likely that reserves will impose a cost on fishers. In the longer term,
the benefits from reserves are likely to greatly outweigh the start-up
costs. Garry Russ has shown empirically a delayed overspill from a
Philippine reserve, taking approximately nine years befored he could
detect enhanced abundance of fish adjacent to the reserve. Joshua
Nowlis and I have done some modelling work to look a timescales
and magnitudes of costs and benefits of reserve creation. If you
would like a copy of the paper email Josh (jnowlis@uvi.edu) or me.
 Overcoming short-term costs of reserve establishment may be a
difficult hurdle for poor fishers who are already struggling hard to
make a living. There is a very good case for development projects
seeking to establish reserves to help people over this hump with
some form of subsidy, compensation or alternative livelihood
provision. That would give reserves a better fighting chance of
getting to the stage where they begin pouring benefits back directly to
the fishing community, and they attract the support of fishers on their
own merits.

Best wishes,

Callum Roberts

Nowlis, J.S. and C.M. Roberts (in press) You can have your fish and
eat it too: theoretical approaches to marine reserve design. Proc. 8th
Int. Coral Reef Symposium, Panama.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dr Callum Roberts
Dept of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management
University of York
York, YO1 5DD
UK
Tel: +44 (0)1904 434066; Fax: +44 (0)1904 432998; email
cr10@york.ac.uk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 6 13:43:57 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Corals and Paleoclimate (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: 6 Feb 1997 09:10:11 U
From: Mark Eakin <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
To: ListServer coral-list <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>, DAVEL@cc.usu.edu
Subject: Re: Corals and Paleoclimate

 Reply to: RE>Corals and Paleoclimate

I recommend a scan of recent issues of Paleoceanography to start you on your
literature search. some recent papers include:

Wellington, G. M., R. B. Dunbar, et al. (1996). "Calibration of stable oxygen
isotope signatures in Galapagos corals." Paleoceanography 11(4): 467-480.

Allison, N., A. Tudhope, et al. (1996). "Factors influencing the stable carbon
and oxygen isotopic composition of Porites lutea coral skeletons from Phuket,
South Thailand." Coral Reefs 15(1): 43-57.

Slowey, N. C. and T. J. Crowley (1995). "Interdecadal variability of Northern
Hemisphere circulation recorded by Gulf of Mexico corals." Geophysical
Research Letters 22(17): 2345-2348.

Cabioch, G., L. Montaggioni, et al. (1995). "Holocene initiation and
development of New Caledonian fringing reefs, SW Pacific." Coral Reefs 14(3):
131-?

Kan, H., N. Hori, et al. (1995). "The evolution of narrow reef flats at
high-latitude in the Ryukyu Islands." Coral Reefs 14(3): 123-?

Dunbar, R. B., G. M. Wellington, et al. (1994). "Eastern Pacific sea surface
temperature since 1600 A.D.: the d18O record of climate variability in
Galapagos corals." Paleoceanography 9(2): 291-315.

Edwards, R. L., J. W. Beck, et al. (1993). "A large drop in atmospheric
14C/12C and reduced, melting in the Younger Dryas, documented with 230Th ages
of corals." Science 260(May 14): 962-968.

Also, several paleoclimatic data sets generated from corals are available from
the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology at:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html

Cheers,
__________________________________________________________
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD USA 20910-5603
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19 Fax: 301-427-2073
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov

--------------------------------------
Date: 1/23/97 1:50 PM
To: Mark Eakin
From: DAVEL@cc.usu.edu
Hi,
	I'm trying to locate information on the use of sclerochronology
in Quaternary paleoclimate studies. Any references or pointers to sites
would be appreciated.
					Thanks
					Dave

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Date: Thu, 23 Jan 1997 09:53:58 -0600 (MDT)
Subject: Corals and Paleoclimate
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 6 17:54:22 1997
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Date: Thu, 6 Feb 1997 16:31:04 -0500 (EST)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: "Coastal Ocean Processes -- Celso S. Barrientos" <cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
 Chris Brown <cbrown1@orbit1i.nesdis.noaa.gov>,
 Eileen Maturi <ematuri@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
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Coral Reef Enthusiasts:

We are looking for your feedback on this new experimental product.

 http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html

Comments had come it that the black background was using up lots of
printer ink...so, not to exhaust ink supplies [and wear out your
precious printers], we have made some changes....is this better?

Also, added some links to papers in process...hope this proves beneficial.

Comments solicited.

Al Strong [and Chris Duda]

*****************************************************************************
 Alan E. Strong
Physical Scientist/Oceanographer Adj. Asst. Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711 Oceanography Department
 Camp Springs, MD 20233 Annapolis, MD 21402
	301-763-8102 410-293-6566 [v-mail]
 Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov strong@nadn.navy.mil
	FAX: 301-763-8020 FAX: 410-293-2137
 http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html
*****************************************************************************

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Does anyone have the email address of Dr Gary C. Williams, marine
invertebrate biologist ?

thank you
Anne Cohen

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 7 09:15:19 1997
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Date: Fri, 07 Feb 1997 07:55:07 -0500
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Hannie and/or Theo Smit <poseidon@infochan.com>
Subject: Proliferation of sargassum weed after hurricane
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We are dive operators in Montego Bay, Jamaica (on the north coast) and very
much involved in the Montego Bay Marine Park. One of the problems that we
encounter on some of the reefs in Montego Bay, and from personal observation
it also occurs in Negril is the recurring presence of sargassum weed every
winter, starting from november when it starts to transform the reef into
something more resembling an algae meadow until the end of april when the
winterstorms have beaten all life out of it.
I apologize for this non-scientific approach, I may not know the latin
names, but I am very concerned about what happens in our reefs.

The problem is that this type of algae was non existent to rare on our reefs
prior to hurricane Gilbert. This hurricane did not do too much damage to the
coral structures here, but actually cleaned some areas of other type of
algae. It hit in September 1988 and in November of the same year we saw our
first massive overrun with sargassum weed, and it has been repeated every
winter since that year. Some of the areas that have more offshore currents
coming in are not as badly affected as the reefs with relatively little
current activity.

Is there anyone who has done studies on this type of algae, the way it is
spread and perhaps even has suggestions as to how to get rid of it???
Probably to much to ask for, but anyone with suggestions can e-mail us
(unless it is of interest to the whole list) at poseidon@infochan.com

We are gratefull for any suggestions on literature, publications etc.
dealing with this matter.

Hannie Smit
Poseidon Divers Montego Bay Jamaica
poseidon@infochan.com
Montego Bay Marine Park: http//www.montego-bay-jamaica.com/mbmp/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 5 16:45:03 1997
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Date: 05 Feb 97 15:14:15 EST
From: Harry McCarty <73261.2212@compuserve.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: response to Rebecca Penwell
Message-Id: <970205201414_73261.2212_FHO42-2@CompuServe.COM>
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In response to Rebecca Penwell and all,

We have just published a review of the effects of chemicals on corals and
coral reefs, seagrasses, mangroves, and fishes, discussed in the context
of ecosystem management and ecological risk assessment. The citation is:

 Peters, E.C., N.J. Gassman, J.C. Firman, R.H. Richmond, and E.A.
 Power. 1997. Ecotoxicology of tropical marine ecosystems.
 Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16(1):12-40.

We have not received the reprints yet, but please let me know if you would
like to receive one and I will get that to you as soon as I can. I can be
reached by e-mail at:

 peteres@tetratech-ffx.com

Esther Peters
Tetra Tech, Inc.
10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340
Fairfax, VA 22030

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 7 23:10:10 1997
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Date: Sat, 08 Feb 1997 14:16:10 +1100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, amsa@science.uts.edu.au
From: Guillermo Moreno <moreno@bio.usyd.edu.au>
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Dear Colleagues:

I am in the process of leaving Australia to do trave through southeast Asia,
China, India and eventually Europe. I am not looking for any permanent jobs
but would be quite interested in participating as a volunteer on sampling
trips, teaching, or helping you or your students with research. I hope that
this sort of interaction will allow me to have a more complete feel for the
places that I will visit. I have a wide range of skills and would enjoy to
have the opportunity to work on various projects through my travels. I have
done lots of work with fish, invertebrates and phytoplankton. Although my
specialty is marine science I can do whatever people need and I am more
than keen to help. If you are interested please drop me an email and I can
send you a CV if necessary. Please forward this message to those people who
you think might be interested. Thank you for your help. Regards

Dr. Guillermo Moreno
School of Biological Sciences
The University of Sydney
Australia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 10 10:38:55 1997
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Date: 10 Feb 1997 09:29:43 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: FWD>Web Site for 1997 Revie
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Mail*Link(r) SMTP FWD>Web Site for 1997 Review of Agenda 21

> > Mail*Link(r) SMTP FWD>Web Site for 1997 Review of Agenda 21
> > (fwd)
> >
> >
> >
> > --------------------------------------
> > Date: 2/6/97 11:09 AM
> > From: Tony Socci
> > >
********************************************************************
> > >> > *

> *
> > >> > * ANNOUNCEMENT

> *
> > >> > *

> *
> > >> > * A WEB PAGE CONTAINING INFORMATION ON THE 1997 REVIEW OF AGENDA
21
> *
> > >> > * IS LAUNCHED TODAY

> *
> > >> > *

> *
> > >> > * THE SITE ADDRESS IS:

> *
> > >> > http://www.un.org/dpcsd/earthsummit
> > *
> > >> > *

> *
> > >> > * PLEASE HELP DISSEMINATE THIS ANOUNCEMENT
> > >> > AMONG YOUR CONTACTS
> > >> > *

> *
> > >> > *

> *
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> > Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D.
> > Program Associate
> > Office of the US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
> > Code YS-1
> > 300 E St., SW
> > Washington, DC 20546
> >
> > Tel: (202) 358-1532
> > Fax: (202) 358-4103
> > E-mail: tsocci@usgcrp.gov
> > World Wide Web Address: http://www.usgcrp.gov/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 12 11:14:04 1997
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Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 09:01:46 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Manado reefs
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I'm trying to track down as much information as possible on the structure
and flora and fauna of the reefs around Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Can
anyone help? I'm aware of one study, but can't seem to find it: Anon. 1981.
"Coral reefs, associated habitats and species in the vicinity of Menado
[sic]: Assessment of their conservation value." World Wildlife Fund, Bogor.

Can someone help me obtain a copy?

Much thanks,

Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 12 14:42:54 1997
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Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 10:15:24 -0800 (PST)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: reefnet@cerf.net (Wendy Holland)
Subject: http://www.reefnet.org
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New Issue of Reefnet at http://www.reefnet.org

REEF RESEARCH

 Seaweed Stories
 Mark Hay Discusses Secondary Metabolites, Species Diversity,
 Associational Defenses, Co-Evolution and More

FIELD REPORTS

 Spectacular Spawnings
 Ken Clifton on His Discovery (interview posted Feb. 21st.)

NGO NEWS

 16th International Seaweed Symposium

CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

 Coastal Management of the East Asian Seas
 Alan White Discusses Sri Lanka and the Philippines

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 12 16:44:27 1997
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Date: Wed, 12 Feb 1997 15:21:08 -0500 (EST)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: ISRS-Sollins Fellowship
Message-Id: <Pine.GSO.3.95.970212152019.11469A-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE

February 12, 1997

USF GRADUATE STUDENT IS AWARDED FIRST ISRS-SOLLINS GRADUATE
FELLOWSHIP IN CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM SCIENCE

Dr. John C. Ogden, President of the International Society for Reef
Studies (ISRS) announced today that Melanie Dotherow-McField, a
graduate student in the Department of Marine Science at the
University of South Florida, has been awarded the first
ISRS-Sollins Fellowship in Coral Reef Ecosystem Science. The
fellowship, worth approximately $13,000, was established last year
by Professor Phillip Sollins of Oregon State University with a
donation to the Society in partnership with the Center
for Marine Conservation in Washington, DC. Ms.McField's
application was selected by a committee of the ISRS and the CMC
from a total of 29 applicants from all over the world.

Ms. McField has worked in Belize since 1990, as a biologist with
the Hol Chan Marine Reserve, as the Belize Representative of the
International Tropical Conservation Foundation, and as a consultant
with the Coastal Zone Management Project. She also served on the
Board of Directors of the Belize Audubon Society. Ms. McField will
use this Fellowship to support her graduate research on a survey of
coral reef community structure and the investigation of their
relationship to existing reef management efforts at various
locations along the barrier reef complex. The information collected
will also represent the baseline data for a long-term coral reef
monitoring program conducted with the assistance of the Belize
Fisheries Department and Coastal Zone Management Project. As a
citizen of Belize, she will assist in the continuation of these
conservation efforts in Belize upon completion of her PhD.

Ms. McField's graduate supervisor is Dr. Pamela Hallock-Muller,
Professor of Marine Science, who began her research on coral reefs
as a graduate student at the University of Hawaii in the 1970's.
Dr. Hallock and her graduate students at USF are investigating
human impacts on coral reef ecosystems, including nutrient
enrichment, diver impacts, and ultraviolet radiation.

Dr. Steven Miller, ISRS Recording Secretary, who organized the
applications and the review said: "We are very grateful to
Professor Sollins for establishing this fellowship at the start of
the 1997 International Year of the Reef, a global effort to
raise public consciousness about threatened coral reefs." The
coral reefs of Belize are among the most magnificent in the
Caribbean Sea.

The International Society for Reef Studies is an organization of
800 members from over 50 countries including students, scientists,
resource managers, and policy-makers dedicated to the production
and dissemination of scientific knowledge and understanding of
coral reefs, both living and fossil. The ISRS publishes the
scientific journal CORAL REEFS, the newsletter REEF ENCOUNTER, and
holds an international meeting each year. Every four years the
Society co-sponsors the International Coral Reef Symposium. The last
Symposium, organized by the University of Panama and the Smithsonian
Institution, was held in Panama last June and attracted
over 1300 participants from all over the world. The next one will
be held in Indonesia in the year 2000.

For additional information contact:

Dr. Steven Miller
NOAA Nat. Undersea Res. Prog.
514 Caribbean Drive
Key Largo, FL 33037
Tel: 305-451-0233
Email: smiller@gate.net

 OR

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/893-9100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/893-9109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 13 22:01:52 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Feb 1997 13:22:56 -1100
From: saucerms@prel.hawaii.edu (Suesan Saucerman)
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Hi coral listers:

I have been monitoring the coral reef fishery in American Samoa for the past
couple of years. Our estimates of productivity are incredibly high --
between 19 and 35 t/km2/yr for the past five years, and 26 t/km2/yr in
1979 (Wass 1982). This includes invertebrates, but the estimates are still
astronomical even when the inverts are factored out.

The lastest paper I have seen on fisheries production in coral reef areas is
Acosta and Recksiek, 1989. Coral reef fisheries at Cape Bolinao, Philippines:
an assessment of catch, effort, and yield. Asian Marine Biology 6. 101-114.

My question is this: are there any other estimates of yield that I have
missed? I have no access to a library here (though can get papers through
other sources) -- and I was wondering if there were any unpublished studies
I may have missed.

Thank you for your time,

Suesan Saucerman
Dept. of Marine and Wildlife Resources
P.O.B. 3730
Pago Pago, Am. Samoa

96799

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 14 10:05:31 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Kubicki <Kubicki@wavetech.net>
Subject: Acropora Home Page
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The list may be interested in the following Home Page, which has some nice
Acropora-related information, especially rearing and propagation.

	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 13 Feb 1997 00:51:10 -0600 (CST)
From: Kubicki <Kubicki@wavetech.net>
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Acropora

Hello,

I just finished a website dealing with my experience working with the genus
Acropora. I thought you might find its contents interesting. Let me know
what you think. The address is: www.wavetech.net/~kubicki

Thank You,

Brian Kubicki

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 14 12:05:38 1997
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From: "Tanya Dobrzynski" <aoctd@wizard.net>
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Date: Fri, 14 Feb 1997 10:46:12 -0500
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Subject: info request: global coral reef coverage
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Can anyone verify either of the following fisgure for global coral
reef coverage? I have read most often 600,000 sq km but recently
heard that 230,000 sq km is a more accurate assessment.

Thanks for your time,

Tanya Dobrzynski
American Oceans Campaign
aoctd@wizard.net

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 15 00:49:31 1997
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From: Tim Adams <TJA@spc.org.nc>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: info request: global coral reef coverage
Date: Sat, 15 Feb 1997 16:08:00 +1100
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The $1,000,000 question!

Has anyone actually yet published any information to update Smith's
estimate in 1978 (Nature 273: 225-6)? Has anyone even defined what
"coral reef coverage" actually means? (dead structural coral is almost
as important as live coral in providing fish habitat, for instance)

It is a little difficult to develop national policies and management
measures (and sustainability indicators in particular) for artisanal and
subsistence coral reef fisheries, for example, when you don't even know
this fundamental statistic for anything except a few reefs in a few
countries. And as Tanya presumably has found, it is impossible to
estimate global potentials and limits when there are so many gaps and
discrepancies.

I would also be *very* interested in any replies to this question...

Tim Adams
South Pacific Commission
tja@spc.org.nc

>----------
>From: 	Tanya Dobrzynski[SMTP:aoctd@wizard.net]
>Sent: 	Saturday, February 15, 1997 2:46 AM
>To: 	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>Subject: 	info request: global coral reef coverage
>
>Can anyone verify either of the following fisgure for global coral
>reef coverage? I have read most often 600,000 sq km but recently
>heard that 230,000 sq km is a more accurate assessment.
>
>Thanks for your time,
>
>Tanya Dobrzynski
>American Oceans Campaign
>aoctd@wizard.net
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 17 10:15:33 1997
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Date: Mon, 17 Feb 1997 08:15:29 -0400 (EDT)
From: tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Subject: Reply to GIS/reef inquiry
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The following is a summary list of all the replies given in response to
my request for information, references, and on-going research using GIS
for coral reef conservation, ecological research and/or management.

Many thanks to all who offered suggestions-

Eric

====>
You might check with a group at University of Miami, the Center for
Marine and Environmental Analyses Their home page is:
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/groups/cmea/

Mark Eakin
++++++++++
Mapping and GIS analysis of the global distribution of coral reef fishes
on an equal-area grid by McAllister, Schueler, Roberts and Hawkins.
Chapter 10 in Mapping the Diversity of Nature Edited by Ronald I. Miller.
1994. Chapman and Hall, London.
McAllister mcall@superaje.com
++++++++++
As president of a French GIS working on coral reefs, as "Groupement
d'Intert Scientifique" (GIS) "Environnement marin et littoral de l'le
de Mayotte" (Comoro Archipelago, SW Indian Ocean), I would greatly know
what you understand by GIS in your meaning.
Looking forewards hearing you.
Bernard A. Thomassin
++++++++++
The official global (GCRMN) coral reef database is ReefBase which is
compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge (on
behalf of ICLARM, Manilla). The base maps and data are collated and
stored using ArcInfo. The URL is-
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/data/database/reefbase.html

Thomas Lankester toml@eos.co.uk
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

One address : emgarcia@skynet.usb.ve (or garcia with accent on the i).

Evaristo Caraballo
Coastal and Marine Projects Coordinator
Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza fudena@conicit.ve
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Eric --

Did you ever get in touch with Bjorn Schreiber who did the mapping of
lobster and conch habitat in Turks and Caicos?
Try either of these addresses:
czsb@ocag.ch
bjs@swissline.ch ( Bjrn Schreiber)
or
check with Chris Nunnes, the fisheries director who has a new e-mail
account at
Chris@Caribsurf.com
bruce
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I suggest you contact Marji Puotinen. She did a Masters degree (sort of
under me) at Duke University and has since moved on to James Cook
University in Australia where she is doing a PhD. Her Masters work
involved using GIS to distinguish manangement strategies for different
sectors of the Great Barrier Reef, and I'm relatively sure she is
combining GIS and reefs for her
PhD.
MARJI PUOTINEN <PMAP@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au
Peter Howd
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

I too am trying to do the same sort of thing for Papua New Guinea.
Perhaps we can share info. The only article that I have been able to
find that deals with GIS and reefs is entitled "Reefs from Space:
Satellite Imagery, Marine Ecology, and Ethnography in the Dominican
Republic" by Stoffle and others (1994) in Human Ecology vol. 22 no. 3.

Let me know if you hear of anything else, and I will do the same.

Susie Cochran
cochran@cats.ucsc.edu
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

From: Francois Smith <francois@elmer.dnr.state.sc.us>
To: tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Subject:

Hello Eric,

I am Francois Smith from the Southeastern Remote Sensing Center. I read
your e-mail message requesting coral reef GIS. I am doing my dissertation
on seagrass monitoring using remotely sensed data, so I have come across
a study or two pertaing to coral reefs. John Jensen has done some
satellite study of coral reefs in Cozumel, this processed data could be
used as an image base for GIS. I have myself toyed with the idea of sreen
digitzing from aerial photos I have of San Salvador, the coral features.
Anyway, maybe you check some readings from Bjorn Kjerve, and Thomas
Goreau as I know they are coral people who have been dabbling in remote
sensing and GIS. Also, I went to a big conference in Puerto Rico which
was on the techniques of remote sensing and GIS for the conservation of
Caribbean's natural resources. It was called "Conference for Remote
Sensing And Environmental Monitoring For the Sustained Development Of The
Americas." If you find the proceedings of this you should be s!
et. Also, you must be right next door to the NOAA Charlston Center. They
are on the Fort Johnson too, and I know they maintain a library of
publications on all this oceanographic and marine stuff (ask for Eric
Dobson and mention my name). Anyway, if none of that pans out you are
welcome to contact me because I am interested in this too and maybe could
help develop something.

Good Luck,

Francois Smith
SERSC Manager
SCDNR
Columbia SC
803-734-9046
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
From: Paul Sammarco <Paul_Sammarco.LUMMAIL@smtpgw.lumcon.edu>
To: tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Subject: Re: GIS and reef studies

Please contact the following person for information on coral reef GIS's:

Ms. Catherine Edgeworth
Department of Geography
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, LA 70803

Best Wishes,
Paul W. Sammarco, Ph.D.
Professor
LUMCON
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

From: James Porter <jporter@uga.cc.uga.edu>
My student, Rob Sutherland did his Master's thesis on an ARC-INFO GIS study
of Key West coral reefs. My secretary Laurie Anderson could photocopy it
for you at cost. She can be reached at (706) 542-3379. Jim Porter. P.S.
Talk to Dr. Ouida Meier in Phil Dustan's lab.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

From: MARJI PUOTINEN <PMAP@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au>
To: tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Subject: coral reefs and GIS

Hi Eric,
I am also using Arc Info to study coral reefs for my PHD work entitled,
"Tropical cyclone impacts on coral reefs: modelling the disturbance
regime in the Great Barrier Reef Region." This work has
several purposes for management, such as: 1) being able to predict where
most of the damage from a storm might be so that field studies can be
properly and cost effectively designed, 2) being able to reconstruct the
history of cyclone disturbance over the GBR, to see if any areas are more
"at risk" from cyclones than others (if so, perhaps you wouldn't want
these to be your protected areas, or you
wouldn't want to put tourist facilities there).

Like you, I've found virtually no references of others doing reef studies
with GIS, in fact, I'm interested in the studies you've found. Pretty
soon, though, you'll be able to add some of my
work to your bibliography as I'm just about to put out an atlas of
cyclones through the GBR which I've constructed using ArcInfo and
ArcView. Also, I've got a few papers to pull out of what I've done for
the atlas so hopefully I'll get those together soon.

I'm also doing some spatial analysis for Dr. Terry Hughes (a coral reef
ecologist here at James Cook University) for a study of coral larvae
survivorship across the entire GBRR. Some papers should come out of that
work next year some time.

Also, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, responsible for the
wise use of the GBR Marine Park, have Arc-Info and sometimes use it for
reef "studies" but this sort of thing is rarely published.
Similarly, the Queensland Dept. of Environment also uses Arc-Info.

Really, I can't think of anything else as you and I seem to be pioneers
in this area. I'm interested to hear more about what you're doing, and
let me know if you'd like more info about my work. I'll
keep you posted on my upcoming publications if you wish.

Looking forward to hearing from you again!
Marji Puotinen
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

From: Rick Smith <r.smith@pearl.aims.gov.AU>
To: tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Subject: GIS - coral reefs

Dear Eric,
 I received your e-mail via James Cook University and Dr.Terry
Done (Australian Institute of Marine Science). As AIMS we are part of a
larger program called the "CRC (Cooperative Research Centre) program".
The CRC was set up to manage and protect the reefs rich resources. The CRC
comprises of five partners AIMS (Australian Institute of Marine Science,
James Cook University, GBRMPA (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority),
DPI (Dept. of Primary Industries) and AMPTO (Assoc. of Marine Park
Tourism Operators). With particular emphasis on tourism, the CRC for the
"Sustainable development of the Great Barrier Reef" helps expand
reef-based industries and provides information for better science-based
Reef management and decision making.

The overall project has a GIS component of which I am involved as a GIS
Technician (working at AIMS). The GIS system is still very much in its
infancy. We currently use GIS (Arc/Info, Arcview and GRID) for "specific
problems" such as working out "distribution of sediment types",
"calculating bathymetry", "water volume" etc. for scientists involved in
the CRC. Hopefully in the near future we will address the need for a
system that is designed specifically around menus etc. for more general
use. However, at the moment the GIS at AIMS is more question-answer driven.

I suspect that you are probably more interested in overall management of
coral reefs using GIS. I suggest that GBRMPA would be worth investigating
as they are more involved in planning rather than the science. However I
would be more than willing to help out if this is not the case.

Internet addresses - "AIMS - http://www.aims.gov.au", "GBRMPA -
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au"

Good luck!
Rick.
Rick Smith
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB #3, Townsville, Qld., 4810, AUSTRALIA
Phone: (077) 534334 Fax: (077) 725852
email: r.smith@aims.gov.au

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

From: Manoj Shivlani <manoj@oj.rsmas.miami.edu>
To: tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Subject: Re: GIS and reef studies

Hello,
This may be a little late, but if it would be useful you may want to
contact the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) at:

NOAA/FKNMS
PO Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
305-743-2437

or check their web site, which has an email address. The science person
there is Ben Haskell, and I think that they are doing a fed-state project
with Florida Dept. of Env. Protection (DEP) on using GIS on their marine
reserves. Also, the state has a statewide GIS project in the works.

Hope this helps.

Manoj Shivlani
Research Associate
Marine Affairs and Policy
RSMAS/University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Csway
Miami, FL 33149

.................................................................
Eric Treml tremle@folly.cofc.edu
Grice Marine Biological laboratory (803) 795-9877
University of Charleston
205 Fort Johnson Rd
Charleston, S.C. 29412
.................................................................

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 17 10:42:41 1997
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Date: 16 Feb 1997 15:05:01 -0600
From: "Bob Buddemeier" <bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu>
Subject: More on reef area
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "Tim Adams" <TJA@spc.org.nc>
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Some comments on the reef area issue:

1. From the standpoint of new data, project Reefbase and John McManus
(J.McManus@cgnet.com) are the obvious contacts.

2. As part of her work on modeling reef area, Joanie Kleypas
(kleypas@ncar.ucar.edu) has reviewed the various reef area estimates -- there
are at least a half-dozen, ranging from 100,000 to 2-4,000,000 km2 (which
makes the Smith '78 value right about in the middle).

3. Estimates of reef area will necessarily depend on scale, definition, and
desired application --- so,
 a. All of the above numbers are probably right -- if you want the area
dominated by live coral and coralline alage it is somewhere in the low end of
the range, but if you want all reef-derived sedimentary structures and/or
communities containing some reef organisms, it's the higher extreme.
 b. The Reefbase project is producing estimates that are arguably more
accurate and precise -- for the definitions and criteria they use. That
won't make their numbers noticeably better for other purposes, although it
will probably improve the basis for other estimates.

4. There is no one-size-fits-all "best" number --each researcher is going to
have to interpret the available data from the standpoint of his/her needs and
applications and justify an appropriate value. What we can say is that
values for various definitions have been estimated with a probable accuracy
of better than an order of magnitude, but (my opinion here) getting below a
factor of 2-3 in the possible range is not very likely at the global scale.

This is the same conceptual problem as in previous questions about nutrient
tolerances, temperature thresholds etc. -- corals and reef communities are
both very heterogeneous classifications, so any generalizations have to be
accepted as fairly sloppy.

R. W. Buddemeier

_______________________________________________________________________________
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From: Tim Adams on Sat, Feb 15, 1997 1:39
Subject: RE: info request: global coral reef coverage
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The $1,000,000 question!

Has anyone actually yet published any information to update Smith's
estimate in 1978 (Nature 273: 225-6)? Has anyone even defined what
"coral reef coverage" actually means? (dead structural coral is almost
as important as live coral in providing fish habitat, for instance)

It is a little difficult to develop national policies and management
measures (and sustainability indicators in particular) for artisanal and
subsistence coral reef fisheries, for example, when you don't even know
this fundamental statistic for anything except a few reefs in a few
countries. And as Tanya presumably has found, it is impossible to
estimate global potentials and limits when there are so many gaps and
discrepancies.

I would also be *very* interested in any replies to this question...

Tim Adams
South Pacific Commission
tja@spc.org.nc

>----------
>From: 	Tanya Dobrzynski[SMTP:aoctd@wizard.net]
>Sent: 	Saturday, February 15, 1997 2:46 AM
>To: 	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>Subject: 	info request: global coral reef coverage
>
>Can anyone verify either of the following fisgure for global coral
>reef coverage? I have read most often 600,000 sq km but recently
>heard that 230,000 sq km is a more accurate assessment.
>
>Thanks for your time,
>
>Tanya Dobrzynski
>American Oceans Campaign
>aoctd@wizard.net
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 17 13:19:28 1997
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Date: Mon, 17 Feb 1997 16:27:14 GMT
From: Callum Roberts <cr10@york.ac.uk>
Subject: Re: Reef area
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Mark Spalding has recently written a paper in which he estimates
global reef area under three different definitions of a reef (using the
World Conservation Monitoring Centre's GIS of reef distribution). I
believe that one of these definitions comes up with the figure of
230,000km2 mentioned in an earlier posting. I also have a feeling
that the paper is now in press with Coral Reefs. Mark is currently in
the field in the Seychelles and so cannot enter this discussion
himself. His email is:

Mark.Spalding@wcmc.org.uk

I am sure he would be very happy to respond to interested people on
his return.

Best wishes,

Callum Roberts

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dr Callum Roberts
Dept of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management
University of York
York, YO1 5DD
UK
Tel: +44 (0)1904 434066; Fax: +44 (0)1904 432998; email
cr10@york.ac.uk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 17 15:49:50 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: reefnet@cerf.net (Wendy Holland)
Subject: coral reef researchers in Puerto Rico and the Grenadines
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Dear Coral-List Members,

Does anyone know who is doing interesting research on coral reefs in Puerto
Rico, the Grenadines or any of the Windward Islands? Please send me email
addresses if are familiar with experts in those areas. Leaving for the
Caribbean the 25th and would appreciate any suggestions.Thank you.

Wendy Holland

Wendy Holland Productions
98 Main Street, Suite 421
Tiburon, CA 94920 USA
1-415-257-5677
reefnet@cerf.net
http://www.reefnet.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 18 00:31:56 1997
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Date: Mon, 17 Feb 1997 18:25:27 -0500 (BOGOTA)
From: BARRIGA AMAYA PABLO BI <pbarriga@javercol.javeriana.edu.co>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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this is the first message I write to this conversation group. I don't
know if this will be consider impertinent but i plan to do my thesis in
coral reef pathogens and here in Colombia (South America)there's not many
institutions that can sponsor of financiate this project. if you know any
institution which can support me finantially i'll be glad to receive
information about it.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 18 11:51:06 1997
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Subject: global reef area
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Thanks to Callum for his message on my behalf, I have in fact just got back
from the Seychelles. Our coral reef area paper is indeed "in press" in
Coral Reefs, but attached is an abstract. I would agree with Bob Buddermeier's
comments. There is an enormous range in the area estimates produced by
different authors much of which can be related to differences in definition.
"Our" global area (255,000km2) focusses on the shallow areas of reef associated
with the classic (Darwinian) reef-types. Largely due to lack of consistent
mapped information around the globe we ignore the deeper submerged structures
and areas of "reefal shelf".

I suspect that, even if we had all the information we could possibly want, we
could expect global reef areas to vary by more than a factor of 10 simply due
to very legitimate and useful variance in definition.

Best wishes

Mark D. Spalding E-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Rd
Cambridge, CB3 0DL Fax: +44 1223 277136
United Kingdom Tel: +44 1223 277314

NEW ESTIMATES OF GLOBAL AND REGIONAL CORAL REEF AREAS.
M.D. Spalding and A.M. Grenfell.
Abstract
Global and regional coral reef area statistics are of considerable value in
fields ranging from global environmental change to fisheries to conservation.
Although widely quoted, Smith's (1978) figure of 600,000 km2 is only an
approximate calculation. The World Conservation Monitoring Centre has prepared
a new estimate of reef coverage by mapping emergent reef crest and very shallow
reef systems. These data were rasterised, using 1 km grid squares, as a means
of reducing errors arising from variation in scale. Global and regional reef
coverages were calculated from the resultant grid. The total global area is
estimated at 255,000 km2, considerably lower than many previous estimates.
Variation in reef area estimates is, in part, a function of variation in reef
definition.



From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 18 17:05:46 1997
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From: kleypas@sage.cgd.ucar.edu (Joanie Kleypas)
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Subject: global reef area
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 1997 12:48:48 -0700 (MST)
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TO REINFORCE THE MANY OPEN RESPONSES SENT TO CORAL-LIST, BELOW IS
A COPY OF MY DIRECT RESPONSE TO THE ORIGINAL TWO ENQUIRERS. MUCH OF
THIS IS REDUNDANT, BUT AT LEAST WE'RE ALL AGREEING ON SOME THINGS.

Your question is a good one. Estimates of reef coverage on the earth
are only now being updated. Below is a quick table of various
estimates of reef cover from the literature.

============================================================================
SOURCE ESTIMATE NOTE
 10^3 km^2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Smith, 1978 617 reef coverage to 30 m depth
De Vooys, 1979 100
Achituv & Dubinsky, 1990 2000
Crossland et al., 1991 617 used Smith's estimate to include
 photic zone reefs, where sediments
 80% reefal
Copper, 1994 1500 added relict reefs, carbonate banks
 and inter-reef tract to Crossland et al.
 estimate
Kleypas 584-3930 range of modeled results based on
 light-dependent reef depth limit
Spalding and Grenfell 255 "emergent reef crest and very shallow
 reef systems"
============================================================================

There is a wide range of values, due to two major factors which I outline
below.

1. The fuzzy definition of what constitutes a coral reef

The definition of "coral reef" is often different for biologists/ecologists
versus geologists. The geological definition requires that the coral
community accumulate enough calcium carbonate to form an identifiable
buildup with structural relief relative to the surrounding sea bed.
But corals can certainly exist without forming a reef. Geologists call
these "coral communities" rather than reefs; that is,
a coral reef has the capacity to accumulate carbonate and
keep up with sea level rise, while a coral community does not
have that capacity.

Hence, where the individual researcher "drew the line"
between coral reefs and coral communities has something to do with
his/her estimate of coral cover.

(It should be noted that from an ecological standpoint, however,
this distinction makes little difference -- coral communities seem
to function ecologically very much the same as coral reefs. Thus
conservation issues generally apply to both coral reefs and communities.)

2. Our poor knowledge of reef distribution

Reefs are poorly charted on navigational charts. Navigators tend
to call any structure that is a navigational hazard (reefs, submerged
rocks, shoals, etc) a "reef", while structures which exist below the
depth where they pose navigational risk tend not to be charted as "reefs".
John McManus (ICLARM, Philippines) and Mark Spalding (WCMS - World Conservation
Monitoring Centre) are compiling area coverage estimates for the ReefBase
project (see web site: http://www.wcmc.org.uk/data/database/reefbase.html).
Their estimates are based on these charted reefs only; but will eventually
be the most accurate.

My own method has been to estimate reef area coverage by modeling
suitable reef habitat on the globe, based on environmental tolerances
for reef-building corals (e.g., temperature, light, salinity).
These reef area estimates vary greatly (584,000 - 3,242,000 km2)
depending on the light level chosen in the model as "limiting" to
reef growth. Based on comparisons of the model predictions with
known reef locations, and the overall observation that most active
coral reef growth is limited to around 30 m depth, the LOWER FIGURE
is likely the best guess. This lower figure is also surprisingly
close to Steve Smith's 1978 figure, which he came up with before
any of these global marine data sets were around! I have a paper
in review to Paleoceanography on these estimates and can send you
a draft or preprint if necessary.

added comments:
COMPARED TO MARK SPALDING'S ESTIMATE OF 255,000 KM2, THE MODELED
VALUES ARE HIGH BECAUSE THEY DO INCLUDE DEEPER SUBMERGED REEFS AND
"REEFAL SHELF"; AND ALSO BECAUSE THE RESOLUTION IS LOWER (MARKS:
1 KM; MINE: 9KM).
------------------------------------

You might want to get Mark Spalding's latest estimate! -- YOU
ALREADY HAVE THIS BY NOW.

cheerio,
Joanie

****************************************************************************
J. Kleypas
Climate Change Research Section
National Center for Atmospheric Research
PO Box 3000
Boulder, CO 80307-3000

PH: (303) 497-1615
FAX: (303) 497-1348

kleypas@ncar.ucar.edu
****************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 21 10:18:39 1997
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Date: Fri, 21 Feb 1997 10:00:31 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Coordination of GCRMN and Reef Check
In-Reply-To: <330BE5E5.668C@usthk.ust.hk>
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With respect to co-ordination, how does Reef Check fit in with GCRMN's
three levels (Research, Government & Community)? Will it be integrated
with the latter, or is it a fourth mode?

Jeremy Woodley,
Centre for Marine Sciences, University of the West Indies, Jamaica.

On Thu, 20 Feb 1997, Gregor Hodgson wrote:

> Coordination of GCRMN and Reef Check
>
> There are several global and regional coral reef monitoring initiatives
> that have been started, and there is a need to coordinate them to avoid
> overlap and duplication of effort. The two largest programs are GCRMN
> and Reef Check. Both of these programs have the same overall objectives
> of measuring human impacts and natural variation in coral reef
> communities sufficiently to determine their status and trends.
>
> At this time, we would like to clarify the relationship between GCRMN
> and Reef Check. These two programs were designed to complement each
> other by dividing the available resources. GCRMN is presently best set
> up to work with governments and to make use of monitoring teams composed
> purely of scientists. Reef Check is best equipped to utilize monitoring
> teams composed of recreational divers, led by a marine scientist.
>
> Therefore, we would encourage all monitoring teams to register
> accordingly with the appropriate program -- scientific teams with GCRMN
> and recreational diver teams with Reef Check. Note that dual
> registration with both programs will also be accepted. Beyond 1997 and
> IYOR, the goal will be to merge these two programs.
>
> With your help, by the end of 1997, we will have an unprecedented
> synoptic view of the global health of coral reefs.
>
>
> Gregor Hodgson Clive Wilkinson
> Reef Check Coordinator Coordinator,
> <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk> Global Coral Reef Monitoring
> Network
> <C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.AU>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 21 12:35:55 1997
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Date: Fri, 21 Feb 1997 11:05:41 -0500
From: Llewellya Hillis <HILLISL@naos.si.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: milliman@vims.edu
Subject: global reef area
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E-mail service at the Pacific end of the canal in Panama has had many
recent problems so I am just now catching up on the reef area
discussion. Estimates for areas of deeper and outer regions of reefs
are especially important for carbonate budgets involving Halimeda
bioherms, meadows (eg 20-40m on the western Great Bahama Bank slope)
and draperies (50% cover for some areas of wall, 50-58m depth,
Enewetak where Halimeda grows at least to 140m). Both John Milliman
and I relied extensively on areas from Smith's paper in developing
our recent budgets (Milliman, J.D. 1993: "Production and accumulation
of calcium carbonate in the ocean:..." Global Biogeochemical Cycles
7:927-957 and Hillis, L. "Coralgal reefs from a calcareous green
alga perspective, and a first carbonate budget".Proc. 8th Intl. Coral
Reef Symposium (in press).

Llewellya Hillis

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Llewellya Hillis
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948
email: stri01.naos.hillisl@ic.si.edu
L

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Date: 	Sun, 23 Feb 1997 22:02:09 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
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Organization: Institute for Environmental Studies
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Reef Check has grown rapidly. Many of the recreational diver/marine
scientist teams are located in the southeastern US. As we approach the
summer, and more teams join in, it would be helpful if an existing
organization (NGO) or individuals would step forward to offer to help
coordinate the US teams in this project. Our European, Asian, and UK
coordinators are already running with the ball and having a lot of fun.

The majority of the work will be done by our website;

http://rcsg2.ust.hk/~cckcheng/reef/reef.html

however, we anticipate that we will need some help with:

1) Matching volunteer teams with marine scientists
2) Ensuring teams avoid choosing overlapping sites
3) Coordinating a training session.
4) Ensuring that the data are submitted in the proper format.

In return you will receive:

1) Potentially very good PR opportunity with local, regional and
international media
2) Excellent fund-raising opportunity associated with the PR
3) The satisfaction of having helped to lead a global survey that should
provide us for the first time, some indication of the shape of the
world's reefs.

A number of scientists in the Florida area have pledged to assist with
Reef Check coordination, however, scientists are not best placed to lead
the above work. Please contact me if you or your organization would like
to volunteer to help coordinate the US activities.

Thank you.

Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environmental Studies, Research Centre
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
fax: (852) 2358-1582
tel: (852) 2358-8568

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 24 13:33:03 1997
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From: Dan Shapiro <dfs7@cornell.edu>
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COURSE ANNOUNCEMENT: TROPICAL MARINE SCIENCE (Cornell University and Shoals
Marine Laboratory)

This summer we will take 12 students to Akumal, a small resort town located
on the Caribbean coast of Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. Students will study
basic coral reef ecology and conservation, learn to identify local hard and
soft coral species, collect data for the Akumal Coral Reef Monitoring
Project, and design and implement independent research projects. The
course is designed for self-motivated undergraduate students interested in
learning about basic coral reef ecology, conservation, and research.

Credits: 8 Semester Credits (Cornell University)

Course dates: June 7th - August 3rd

Prerequisites: Recognized SCUBA certification, a medical examination, one
full year of college level biology, permission of instructor (Dr. Dan
Shapiro).

Deadline: All applications received by April 4th will be considered. After
this date, applications will be considered only if there are still spaces
available.

For more information, see our web page at:
http://www.sml.cornell.edu/Shoals/courses/akumal.htmlcontact

or contact either:

Shoals Marine Laboratory
Cornell University
G-14Y Stimson Hall
Ithaca, NY 14853-7101
Email: shoals-lab@cornell.edu
voice: (607) 255-3717
Web Site: http://www.sml.cornell.edu/

or

Dr. Dan Shapiro (Instructor)
Section of Ecology and Systematics
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853-2701
Email: dfs7@cornell.edu
voice: (607) 254-5039
fax: (607)255-8088

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 24 14:55:14 1997
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Date: Mon, 24 Feb 1997 11:57:28 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Steinbeck quote
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I read a wonderful quote by John Steinbeck in someone's paper on corals:
something about "It takes a hungry and libidinous man to observe nature." Is
anyone familiar with this quotation; can you supply a cite?
Thanks,
Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 25 07:11:10 1997
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From: hassan@cerege.fr (Moshira Hassan)
Subject: ReefCheck
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The German IYOR coordination team is planning a ReefCheck in Egypt.

We thank Gregor Hodgson for initiating this wonderful activity and hope
that by participating and sharing our experience in organizing ReefCheck we
can encourage and inspire others to do similar things in their regions.

GENERAL IDEA
Scientists have the possibility to conduct ReefCheck with the help of
recreational divers who are on vacation in the Red Sea. We have the unique
opportunity to use the diving and tourism industry to convey the message of
IYOR and ReefCheck to those who are usually not interested or active in
reef conservation. We are convinced that we can awaken enthusiasm and
sensibility in the divers and can thus have an important impact on the
behaviour of the single diver as well as on the tourism industry.

The following text is to inform you how we are organizing ReefCheck, how we
plan to conduct it and what endeavours we have undertaken to fund the
operation.

OFFICIAL SETTING
The following Egyptian authorities fully support IYOR and ReefCheck
provided the official routes are maintained and professionality is
guaranteed:
1) "The Ministry of Scientific Research" and the
"National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries" are in the process of
distributing information and obtaining necessary legal permissions
2) "Parliamentary Research Center" & "People's assembly of Egypt"
3) The Department of Marine Science of the Suez Canal University in Ismailia
4) The "Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA)" and the
"Ras Mohammed National Park Authority"

5) HEPCA (Hurghada Environmental Protection and Conservation Association),
an official non governmental organization also supports IYOR and ReefCheck

'BOOT' WATERSPORTS FAIR IN DUESSELDORF, JANUARY 1997
IYOR was launched at the biggest European boating and diving show (368,000
visitors). ReefCheck was also advertised there, for more inf. please visit
our homepage at: http://www.geologie.uni-stuttgart.de/iyor

SCIENTISTS
Scientists from Egypt, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Italy, France and the
UK have shown interest in leading ReefCheck groups in Egypt. The list of
group leaders will be posted as soon as it is definite.

REEFCHECK GROUPS:
A) Groups travelling to Egypt to conduct ReefCheck (e.g. Professors with
their students) are welcome, provided they adhere to Egyptian authority's
rules and regulations. Please contact us, if you wish to conduct ReefCheck
in Egypt. We will help you with the official context.

B) Our main activities will be conducted through local diving centers, for
two reasons:
B1. This way we can use available logistics, such as diving boats and
equipment, accommodation, booking etc. (see below)
B2. The main reason though is that in Egypt a big percentage of the
environmental problems of coral reefs are due to tourism and related
activities. Incorporating the tourism industry into IYOR activities and
thus directly targeting those responsible for damage is essential.

VOLUNTEERS
The volunteers will be recruited from the "general diving tourists". Divers
should have at least a few years of diving experience and/or a minimum of
30 dives. Scientists will advertise among the divers, who are already
spending their holiday at the locations this summer.
We will also be advertising ReefCheck in diving magazines and hope that
some enthusiastic divers will book their next diving vacation at a
"ReefCheck-facility".

WHERE
We will be concentrating on Sinai, Hurghada and Safaga and as far as we can
get from there.

TIME FRAME
ReefCheck is designed to be conducted on one day at each site, sometime
between June 14th and August 30th. Normally 2-3 weeks would be sufficient
to cover the intended regions. Nevertheless we have decided to be present
for the entire time. This means that some sites will be checked more than
once. The reason for this extended ReefCheck is that we can raise public
attention and reach more divers if we spend a longer time on the spot.

LOCAL FACILITIES
We will be mainly cooperating with two diving centers that have an
excellent international (and national) reputation. Specific permissions by
the Egyptian government will be issued for these dive centers. Both Diving
Centers operate 5-10 dive boats daily (approx. 10 divers a boat).
Furthermore they offer courses on marine ecology for divers in their normal
programme and are generally active in reef conservation:
SINAI DIVERS in Sharm el Sheikh, Sinai (contact Rolf Schmidt & Petra Roeglin)
Tel: + 20-62-600697 / Fax: +20-62-600158
email: sinai_divers@sinainet.com.eg
homepage http://www.sinaidivers.com
JASMIN DIVING CENTER, in Hurghada (contact Monika Wiget)
Tel: +20-65-442442-9 / Fax: +20-65-442441 / Tel & Fax: +20-65-442455 or 547360

In addition a diving center from Safaga will also participate for a short
period. SHAMS SAFAGA, (contact Ayman Taher)
Tel: 0020-65-451782 to 87 / Fax:0020-65-451780

Further activites with the Ras Mohammed National Park are planned. We will
inform you as soon as things are more definite.

PROCEDURE
THE SCIENTISTS
At least one scientist, who is capable of leading ReefCheck groups, will be
present at each center throughout the entire time. Each scientist will
spend 2 weeks at the facility.
who:
The Scientists should be experts in the field of reef ecology, and have
sufficient experience with field work (see Gregor Hodgson's outlines).
The scientist will recruit volunteers from the present tourists with the
help of the diving centers. It is up to the groupleaders to generate
enthousiasm in the tourists, to ensure he (or she) has volonteers to do
ReefCheck.
Giving seminars and/or slide shows to the diving tourist, teaching the
basics of reef ecology, conveying the concept of IYOR and ReefCheck is one
way of catching the tourists attention and enthusiasm. I am sure we can
find a group of 5-8 divers (out of 100 guests of each diving center) who
would love to do ReefCheck for a week or so.
It will be the responsibility of the scientist to ensure the scientific
quality of the work and to teach the volunteers the methods.

THE DIVING CENTERS
The diving centers offer the entire logistics. The diving is free for the
group leader and possibly also for a second person. An experienced
divemaster will be present on the boat to ensure diving safety.
The centers will advertise ReefCheck on all their boats and possibly also
in diving magazines. They will take care of the reservations etc. of the
volunteers.
They will offer the facilities to give seminars and slide shows.
Probably one of the dive boats will be entirely designated to ReefCheck.
The diving centers have negotiated with hotels for free accommodation of
the scientist leading a ReefCheck group.

DATA PROCESSING
For general data processing, see Gregor Hodgson's outlines. Each diver
group will be responsible for processing its own data, and can certainly
use the data for their own use. The data will however also be submitted to
us for compilation. A copy of the data MUST be submitted to Egyptian
authorities and will be submitted to ReefCheck headquarters (Gregor
Hodgson, Hong Kong), with the permission to prepare a summary paper.

PREPARATION
Gert Woerheide and myself (Moshira Hassan) will be in Egypt for the first
3-4 weeks, to get things running smoothly. For instance the boat crews and
dive masters will need to be adapted to a different kind of diving etc.

MEDIA
Several German radio programmes have already reported about IYOR and
ReefCheck during and after the 'boot'.
Several local Egyptian magazines and German diving magazines will be
continuously reporting about IYOR and ReefCheck.
Uli Erfurth will report on IYOR and ReefCheck in the ARD-Wunschbox on Feb. 11th
An Egyptian and a German and possibly a UK TV team will be in Egypt,
reporting about ReefCheck this summer.

FUNDING
FROM WHOM AND HOW TO CONVINCE THEM
Obviously funding of ReefCheck is a problem for most of us. The normal
"scientific channels" are not too generous up to now on this subject, as it
is not considered a "highly scientific" project but a big public awareness
programme.
The more renowned scientists advocate reef conservation and public
awareness and education the better the chances will be in future to obtain
funding from science foundations and others.

The logical consequence is to tap the diving industry. This is generally a
good move in regions where diving tourism is well developed, as there are
many potential sponsors.
You need to convince the facilities: i.e. diving centers, live aboards,
airlines, hotels etc. but also diving magazines, manufacturers of diving
equipment and even diving federations and associations who educate divers
and diving instructors.
The convincing arguments we have been using are the following (they are all
true, you need to drum it into the heads of some people though)
1) The main argument is a financial one:
It lies in the interest of the tourism industry to promote IYOR and the
conservation of reefs - because if there are no more healthy reefs there is
no more business.
2) The attitude of the "normal diver" has in fact changed over the last
decade. Divers are more aware of the environment and are interested in
learning about marine life. Diving centers must also adapt and act in a
more conscientious way, if they want to keep their clients.
3) Other facilities are already supporting IYOR actively, you don't want to
stand behind?
4) It is an honour to participate in activities of the IYOR.

WHAT IS BEING (OR HAS BEEN) SPONSORED FOR REEFCHECK
1) The diving centers Sinai Divers, Jasmin Diving Center as well as Shams
Safaga (see inf. above) offer the use of their facilities free of charge to
the scientists to conduct ReefCheck
2) The Ghazala Hotel in Sharm el Sheikh, the Yasmin Diving Center in
Hurghada and Shams Safaga, in Safaga offer free accomodation and half board
for the groupleaders. In total that is 24 weeks of free for at least one
scientist.
3) We are in touch with airlines for free flights of the group leaders. We
don't have any definite answers yet, but are hoping..
4) The volunteers get a certificate of participation printed on PAPYRUS.
This will be printed directly at Kyros Paschalis dive shop and printing
press in Cairo
5) PASCHALIS will also produce stamps with the IYOR logo and ReefCheck so
that we can stamp the logbooks of the volunteers.
6) 300 underwater slates are sponsored by IQ company. Every participant can
keep his own slate. Of course we will have IYOR and ReefCheck printed on
the slates.
7) The reporters of 2 German diving magazines (Unterwasser, tauchen) are
marine biologists themselves and might lead a ReefCheck group. Or at least
participate as volunteers. So free propaganda is guaranteed.

Well, let us all hope things run smoothly and that ReefCheck becomes a big
success! We wish you luck with all your IYOR and ReefCheck activities.

***********
If you wish to participate please contact Gert, he is responsible for the
coordination of the groupleaders.
Gert Woerheide
Erkelenzdamm 21; 10999 Berlin-Kreuzberg (Germany)
phone: +49-(0)30-615 26 69; e-mail: gwoerhe@ibm.net

If you have general questions concerning the procedures with Egyptian
authorities, the facilities we are using or others please contact Moshira:
Moshira Hassan:
(until the end of March:)
CEREGE; B.P. 80
F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4; France
TEL: (33) 4-42 23 48 21 / FAX: (33) 4-42971549 / email: mhassan@geomar.de
permanent adress:
GEOMAR FZ; Wischhofstr. 1-3; 24148 Kiel; Germany
Tel: (49) 431-6002822 / FAX: (49) 431-6002941 email: mhassan@geomar.de
See German activites at:
http://www.geologie.uni-stuttgart.de/iyor

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 04:32:21 1997
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Date: 	Wed, 26 Feb 1997 16:36:24 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
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Organization: Institute for Environmental Studies
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef Check Website Move
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The Reef Check Website now has a permanent home at:

http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef/html

This site gives basic information on:

Purpose of Reef Check
How to register for Reef Check
Registration form
List of teams and locations
Detailed methods

Interested team leaders, please do register now if you have not already
done so. Please note that construction of new pages is on-going, and
error-correction and updating of lists will be done as quickly as
resources allow.

Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environmental Studies, Research Centre
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
fax: (852) 2358-1582
tel: (852) 2358-8568

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 11:27:25 1997
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Date: Wed, 26 Feb 1997 16:09:34 +0100
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Michael Eisinger <Michael.Eisinger@uni-essen.de>
Subject: underwater paper
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Dear coral-list members!

Does anybody know where to obtain underwater paper from? German companies
would be fine.

Thanks for your help, Michael

Michael Eisinger
Institute of ecology / Dept. Hydrobiology
University of Essen
45117 Essen
Germany

Tel.:++49 201 183 3112
Fax: ++49 201 183 2529
e-mail: michael.eisinger@uni-essen.de

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 12:33:27 1997
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Date: Wed, 26 Feb 1997 11:15:54 -0500 (EST)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Michael.Eisinger@uni-essen.de
Subject: Re: underwater paper
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Hi Michael:

My marine science supply company sells water-resistant and waterproof paper.
 There are several types of paper that have different capabilities and costs,
depending upon what your application requires.

Rite-in-the-Rain, water-resistant paper is plastic coated. It is intended
for use in conditions of frequent splashing. Some scientists use it
underwater with no problem. Others report that water seeps through the
plastic coating at the edges and where a pencil has scratched the coating.
 You can write on it with a pencil or a waterproof pen, or you can pre-print
forms on it with a photocopier or a lasert printer. Rite-in-the-Rain comes
in 200-sheet packages.
8.5" x 11" U.S. $16.30 (20 or more packages, $14.60 each)
8.5" x 14" $21.10 (20 or more, $18.85 ea)
11" x 17" $32.75 (20 or more, $29.40 each)
A-4 (metric) $17.45 (20 or more, $15.60 each)
A-3 $35.15 (20 or more, $31.15 each)
(These prices do not include shipping costs)

Dura-Rite paper is all-plastic, so it is completely waterproof. You can
write on it with a pencil or a waterproof pen, or forms can be pre-printed
with an offset printing process. This paper cannot be printed with a
photocopier or laser printer, because the heat caused it to deform.
 Dura-Rite paper comes in packages of 100 sheets.
8.5" x 11" $22.00 per package (10 or more packages, 20.00 each)
(other sizes can be cut at extra cost)

Dura-Copy is a premium-quality, completely-waterproof paper. Like Dura-Rite,
Dura-Copy accepts pencil or waterproof pen. Unlike Dura-Rite, it also works
in photocopiers and laser printers.
8.5" x 11" $52.45 (10 or more, $49.95 each)
11" x 17" $99.95 (10 or more, $97.95 each)

You can also get water-resistant and waterproof field books, underwater
clipboard/slate assemblies and waterproof pens. The pens work well, but they
are an unnecessary expense, because pencil works well on this paper. I've
been very happy with a #2 pencil in my underwater research. Custom printing
of forms and field books is also available.

For more information, you can e-mail me or contact:

Dr. Randy Runnels
Marine Education & Research Specialties, Inc.
P.O. Box 10517
Tampa, Florida 33679-0517

phone: (813)254-5970

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 13:32:39 1997
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To: BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu (Clim-Econ List),
 CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu (ESA List)
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: March 3rd US Global Change Seminar: Ecological and Climatic Consequences of
 Human-Induced Changes in the Global Nitrogen Balance"
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 U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series

 Ecological and Climatic Consequences of Human-Induced Changes
 in the Global Nitrogen Balance

How large an impact are humans having on the global nitrogen cycle? How
did this imbalance come about? What are the implications and effects of
perturbing the global nitrogen balance for the environment and for society?
Do these results have any implications for forests? Are nitrogen-enriched
ecosystems likely to exacerbate global warming by becoming a net source of
CO2? What can one expect in the near future in terms of nitrogen sinks or
impacts related to this nitrogen imbalance?

 Public Invited

 Monday, March 3, 1997, 3:15-4:45 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

Dr. Jerry Melillo, Associate Director for the Environment (Designee),
Office of Science and Technology Policy, The White House, Washington, DC.

SPEAKERS

Dr. William H. Schlesinger, James B. Duke Professor of Botany, Department
of Botany, Duke University, Durham, NC.

Dr. David Tilman, Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Ecology,
University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN.

 OVERVIEW

 Although 80% of the Earth's atmosphere is made up of molecular
nitrogen (N2), only a small but very important fraction of this nitrogen is
converted to a form that can be used by plants and animals, a form known as
"fixed" nitrogen. Until recently, this "fixed" atmospheric nitrogen has
been thought of as beneficial to all living things. However, industrial and
other human derived sources of fixed nitrogen have now doubled the rate
that is now available.

 This global overload of fixed nitrogen, despite being one of
nature's essential life-giving and life-limiting nutrients, now poses a
suite of very serious environmental concerns. For example, too much
nitrogen can result in: 1) loss of commercially important fish stocks and
ecosystems by promoting algal blooms which result in oxygen deprivation and
reduced sunlight in coastal and aquatic ecosystems; 2) local extinction of
terrestrial plant, animal, and microbial species, thereby reducing
biodiversity and ecosystem health; 3) an increase in the greenhouse gas,
N2O, which is contributing to global warming; and 4) an increase in the
concentration of nitric oxide, which contributes to acid rain and smog.

 The Global Nitrogen Cycle: Natural and Humanly-Altered Conditions

 Molecular nitrogen (N2) is the most abundant gas in the Earth's
atmosphere. However, in order for nitrogen to be useful to life it must
first be transformed, naturally, into forms that are useful to living
organisms, a process known as "nitrogen-fixation." Life depends on "fixed"
nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants and subsequently used by animals
linked together in the "food chain." The amount of nitrogen available at
any one time and place has a direct effect on the growth of plants--on land
and in the sea-- because fixed nitrogen is an essential life-giving and
life-limiting nutrient. Thus, the health of the biosphere is strongly
dependent upon the availability of nitrogen in a chemical form that is
useful to life.

 Under natural conditions, a small amount of nitrogen is fixed
through chemical processes such as lightning. A much larger amount is
fixed by biological processes involving nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the
soil and on the roots of certain plants. Once plants die, however, this
fixed nitrogen is subsequently returned to the atmosphere by the
decomposition of dead tissue by bacteria and is then recycled for later
use.

 To enhance the availability of nitrogen for living things such as
food and fiber products, humans produce nitrogen in the form of fertilizer.
With the growth of agriculture, half of all industrial nitrogen fertilizer
used in human history has been applied since 1984. In addition to their
intentional creation of fixed nitrogen, humans also inadvertently produce
fixed nitrogen through the burning of fossil fuels. On a global scale, the
fixation of nitrogen by humans now roughly equals the amount of nitrogen
that was formerly made available naturally to life by the combined activity
of all bacteria on land. In other words, our society has now doubled the
amount of fixed nitrogen available to all living things.

 Growing amounts of fixed nitrogen are showing up in remote
locations, leading to significant impacts. The concentration of nitrous
oxide (N2O) in the Earth's atmosphere, is rising at about 0.3%/yr. Perhaps
even more ominously, N2O has roughly 200 times the global warming potential
of carbon dioxide, and remains in the Earth's atmosphere for approximately
150 years, thus making it a long-lived and potent problem. Nitrous oxide is
also implicated in the loss of stratospheric ozone.

 Increases in the emissions of nitric oxide (NO) due to the
combustion of coal and oil also contribute directly to higher levels of
acid rain and ozone (smog) in the lower atmosphere. Atmospheric deposition
of nitrogen is the largest single source of human-derived nitrogen in the
eastern U.S. coastal waters. There is now 10-20 times more nitrogen
entering coastal rivers in the northeastern U.S. and northern Europe than
in pre-industrial times.

 Excess nitrogen flushed from fertilized farmlands, sewage treatment
plants, and fossil fuel combustion ultimately ends up in streams, rivers,
and coastal waters, where it provokes and enhances the growth of
microscopic plants that form the base of the food chain upon which more
complex and larger plants and animals later feed. However, during the
prolific, nitrogen-driven growth and life cycle of these marine and aquatic
microscopic plants, they tend to cloud the waters, thus shutting out
essential sunlight for other plants. Furthermore, upon the death of these
microscopic and larger plants, their once living tissue is consumed by
bacteria which proliferate due to the excess nitrogen, and deplete the
surrounding water of oxygen necessary for the metabolic processes of marine
and aquatic animals, including important commercial fish and shellfish
stocks.

 Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition on Terrestrial Ecosystems

 Since 1982, Dr. Tilman and his colleagues have been engaged in an
experiment in which fixed nitrogen was systematically added to 207 plots of
grassland and savanna throughout Minnesota. In each instance, nitrogen was
added at rates which have been observed in a variety of locations around
the world so as to mimic and replicate real levels of nitrogen deposition
in a variety of places. The results of this 12-year experiment reveal that
high levels of nitrogen can have a number of serious impacts on these and
other ecosystems, including:

1. The addition of nitrogen to these grasses caused major changes in plant
species composition, insect species composition, and soil fungal
composition. Higher nitrogen levels led to decreased abundances of native
plants and to increased abundances of non-native plants, especially certain
non-indigenous grasses.

2. The addition of nitrogen caused a significant decrease in plant species
diversity. The lowered diversity in these experimental grassland sites
corresponded with lowered stability of primary productivity in the face of
a major disturbance such as a flood or drought.

3. When nitrogen was added at low rates to plots dominated by native
prairie grasses, most of the nitrogen was retained within the ecosystem.
However, at higher rates of nitrogen addition, the native species were
replaced by non-native species, while most of the added nitrogen was
leached into the ground water. Ultimately, higher levels on nitrogen in the
ground water (in the form of nitrates) can provoke toxic algal blooms in
waterways and seriously impair the quality of drinking water.

4. The highest rates of carbon storage occurred at the lowest rates of
nitrogen addition, in direct contrast to anticipation. In instances where
high levels of nitrogen were available, the ability of the plant community
to effectively store carbon was lowered. A shift in plant species
composition was also observed to occur in instances involving higher rates
of nitrogen addition. This resulted in low rates of carbon storage because
these plant species decayed too rapidly to effectively store carbon.

5. High rates of nitrogen deposition are likely to greatly impact the
composition, functioning and stability of many terrestrial, aquatic and
marine ecosystems, with profound implications for food supplies and other
ecosystems services.

 Biographies

Dr. William H. Schlesinger is the James B. Duke Professor in the
Departments of Botany and Geology at Duke University. He completed his
A.B. degree at Dartmouth in l972, and his Ph.D. at Cornell in l976. He
later joined the faculty at Duke in l980. He is the author or co-author of
over 100 scientific papers, and the widely-adopted textbook
"Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change."

Currently, Dr. Schlesinger's teaching and research interests are in
ecosystem analysis, global change, and biogeochemical cycling. He is the
principal investigator for the Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE)
Experiment in the Blackwood Division of the Duke Forest, a project that
aims to understand how an entire forest ecosystem (vegetation and soils)
will respond to elevated levels of CO2. He has also worked extensively in
desert ecosystems and on their response to global change. He is the
Principal Investigator for the NSF-sponsored program of Long Term
Ecological Research (LTER) at the Jornada Experimental Range in southern
New Mexico.

Dr. Schlesinger is: a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences;
a member of the Central Intelligence Agency's Environmental Task Force
(MEDEA); an elected official of the Ecological Society of America; and is
on the editorial boards of "Biogeochemsitry", "Global Change Biology", and
the "Encyclopedia of Global Change." Dr. Schlesinger's recent work has
been described on National Public Radio's "Morning Edition," CNN, "Discover
Magazine," "National Geographic Magazine," and in a host of national
newspapers including the New York Times and the Los Angeles Times.

Dr. David Tilman is the Distinguished McKnight University Professor of
Ecology and Director of Cedar Creek Natural History Area at the University
of Minnesota, where he has been on the faculty since 1976. Born in Illinois
and raised in Michigan, he earned his B.S. (1971) and Ph.D. (1976) in
zoology from the University of Michigan. His research interests include the
mechanisms of interspecific competition, the processes allowing the
maintenance of biodiversity, the impacts of biodiversity on population,
ecosystem stability and functioning, the causes of successional dynamics,
and mathematical theory related to these issues.

For the past 15 years Dr. Tilman has studied biodiversity and ecosystem
dynamics at the Cedar Creek Natural History Area in MN. He has published
two books in the Princeton Monograph Series, edited two books, and is an
author of more than 100 scientific papers. He was named a Guggenheim
Fellow in 1984, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science in 1985, Honorary Member No. 3 of the Lund (Sweden) Ecological
Society in 1985, received the W. S. Cooper Award from the Ecological
Society of America in 1989, was elected to the American Academy of Arts and
Science in 1995, was chosen as a Pew Scholar in Conservation Biology in
1995, and received the Ecological Society of America's Robert MacArthur
Award in 1996.

 He is the founding editor of the Ecological Society of America's
new Ecological Issues series, and has served on the editorial boards of
"Ecology," the "American Naturalist," "Acta Oecologia" (Paris), and
"Limnology and Oceanography," and currently serves on the Board of
Reviewing Editors of "Science." His work on chaos, on the effects of
habitat fragmentation, and on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning has
received wide media coverage, including articles in the New York Times, a
Public TV documentary, and coverage in American, Canadian, British and
Australian broadcast and print news.

 The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, April 14, 1997

 Planned Topic: Economic Options and Costs for Mitigating Climate
 Change: The Role of Energy Technologies

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office
Code YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546
Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax: (202) 358-4103
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 14:00:18 1997
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From: "F.Marubini" <F.Marubini@qmw.ac.uk>
Organization: University of London (QMW)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 1997 16:27:44 +0000
Subject: eutrophication and coral physiology
Priority: normal
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I have recently completed my Ph.D. thesis entitled 'THE PHYSIOLOGICAL
RESPONSE OF HERMATYPIC CORALS TO NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT'.
With this message, I am presenting a summary of my thesis. I am very keen to receive
any feedback/queries from other coral-list members interested in the subject.
The project was carried while I was a student of Peter Spencer Davies
at Glasgow University. All laboratory and field experiments were
based at the Bellairs Research Institute of McGill University
in Barbados.
The first paper from this work has been recently published:
F. Marubini, P.S. Davies (1996) Nitrate increases zooxanthellae population
density and reduces skeletogenesis in corals. Mar. Biol. 127:
319-328.

	THESIS SUMMARY

keywords: hermatypic corals, eutrophication, nitrate, phosphate,
carbon budget, calcification, ecotoxicology.

	Nutrient enrichment of tropical waters constitutes an increasing
threat to the health and biodiversity of coral reefs. In order to
manage these ecosystems effectively, the onset of nutrient pollution
has to be closely monitored. This thesis examined the possibility of
using some physiological responses of hermatypic corals as an
early-warning bio-assay, to detect nutrient enrichment before reef
deterioration has taken place. To this aim, the physiology of the
common branching coral Porites porites and the massive coral
Montastrea annularis was studied both in the laboratory and on the
reef under different nutrient conditions. By measuring the organic and
inorganic productivity of corals and by constructing carbon budgets,
it was hoped to relate differences in the fixation, allocation and
utilisation of carbon to differences in nutrient regimes.
	Nubbins of Porites porites and explants of Montastrea annularis were
chosen as the experimental units. Nubbins were obtained by cutting coral tips
(approx. 20 mm.), grounding their cut surface flat, and gluing them
onto a perspex tile with cyanoacrylate glue. To obtain explants, a
coral head was cored under a drill press fitted with a hole saw. Cores
were then cut to fit, and sealed into polyethylene cups with
underwater epoxy putty.
	A new culturing system was developed to grow
corals successfully in the laboratory under completely controlled and
repeatable conditions. This system (the photostat) consisted of
glass aquaria (30x21x18 cm) placed in a constant temperature
water-bath under metal halide lamps. The aquaria were fitted with
specially designed air lines and coral trays to maintain a strong
water motion around the corals, independent of the rate of water-flow.
A peristaltic pump ensured a daily water turn-over.
	A new improved carbon budget methodology was developed by comparing the well
established methods of Davies (1984) and Muscatine et al. (1984) on
Porites porites. These methodologies differed in the measurements of
zooxanthellae respiration rate (RZ) and zooxanthellae growth rate (m).
RZ, DAVIES was found to be twice as small as RZ, MUSCATINE (RZ,
DAVIES = 18.1 mgC cm-2d-1 vs. RZ, MUSCATINE = 33.1 mgC cm-2d-1), but
this accounted for a difference of only 3% when RZ was expressed as a
percentage of the total daily carbon input. By comparison, a 25-fold
difference between methods occurred in the component of carbon
required for the daily growth of the zooxanthellae. Davies method
measured the net rate of zooxanthellae growth (uNET) from the increase
in surface area, assuming a constant zooxanthellae population density.
In this case uNET was only 1.65 mgC cm-2d-1. Muscatines method
measured the gross rate of zooxanthellae growth (uGROSS) from the
mitotic index of freshly isolated zooxanthellae, assuming a duration
of cell division (td) of 11h. This accounted for a daily expenditure
of 41.1 mgC cm-2d-1. The assumption of td might make this method prone
to error. However, assuming that the measurement of uGROSS is correct,
two new budget components had to be introduced to account for the
large difference between uGROSS and uNET. These were expulsion and
digestion, which had not been previously recognised. The latter had
important consequences on the shape of the carbon budget because any
carbon fixed in zooxanthellae that are digested constitutes an
intrinsic part of total carbon translocated to the host. Therefore,
Davies budget, using uNET, overestimated translocation by the amount
of carbon lost in expulsion, and Muscatines budget, using uGROSS
underestimated translocation by the amount contained in digested
zooxanthellae. The new methodology incorporated these components. The
carbon fixed by gross photosynthesis was still assumed to be the only
source of carbon to the system. Carbon expenditure by the
zooxanthellae was then divided into respiration, net growth and
expulsion. The remaining carbon made up the component of total
translocation, integrating the processes of translocation of fixed
carbon from zooxanthellae to host, and digestion of zooxanthellae.
Carbon was used by the host for respiration and growth, and any
surplus was assumed to be lost from the symbiosis.
	The effects of elevated nitrate on the budget components were tested
for both Porites porites and Montastrea annularis in a month-long laboratory
experiment. Corals were grown in the photostat under oligotrophic
seawater and under three concentrations of nitrate (1, 5 and 20 uM).
The response was the same in both coral species, and similar to
previous reports on the effects of elevated levels of ammonia. Under
higher nitrate concentration (5 and 20 uM), corals had a higher rate
of photosynthesis per surface area, and a higher zooxanthellae
population density. The freshly isolated zooxanthellae had a higher
nitrogen, protein and chlorophyll content per cell when corals were
grown in enriched seawater than in oligotrophic seawater. This is
further evidence that zooxanthellae in hospite in oligotrophic
seawater are nitrogen limited. The amount of carbon fixed in
photosynthesis and available for translocation to the host was found
to increase with nitrate enrichment. Hence, the overall organic
productivity of corals appeared to be enhanced by nitrate. In
contrast, the growth rate of corals measured by buoyant weighing was
significantly reduced by nitrate enrichment. The average growth rate
of Porites porites decreased from 1.24 mg cm-2d-1 (control) to 0.68 mg
cm-2d-1 (20 uM NO3), and that of Montastrea annularis decreased from
1.14 mg cm-2d-1 (control) to 0.51 mg cm-2d-1 (20 uM NO3). It was
suggested that, under elevated nitrate, the increased carbon
requirements of the higher zooxanthellae population density promoted
carbon competition between zooxanthellae and calicoblastic cells.
Since zooxanthellae are in the gastrodermal cells closer to the pool
of dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater, they had a competitive
advantage over the calicoblastic cells, and calcification was reduced.
This was defined as the endogenous carbon limitation of
calcification.
	A similar experimental design was used to test the effects of
phosphate enrichment on corals. Phosphate was added to
oligotrophic water to give four treatments of 0, 0.2, 1 and 5 mM PO4.
Overall, no significant change in the organic productivity of corals
was measured. Phosphate enrichment resulted in a significant reduction
of the daily calcification rate of Porites porites, but not of
Montastrea annularis.
	In order to test if changes in water quality on the reef affected
coral physiology, nubbins of Porites porites and explants of
Montastrea annularis were grown for a month at three sites along a
eutrophication gradient on the west coast of Barbados. The most
oligotrophic site was the offshore one (OS) with low nutrient
concentration and high light. The intermediate site (BRI) was
characterised by higher nutrient concentration and high light. The
most polluted site (SG) had both high nutrients and low light
penetration. At the end of the exposure period corals of both species
could be discriminated between sites on the basis of their physiological
characteristics alone. Corals at OS showed some evidence
of nitrogen limitation with a significantly lower zooxanthellae
population density, lower nitrogen and chlorophyll content per
zooxanthella, and lower photosynthetic efficiency than at the other
sites. At BRI, corals attained significantly higher rates of gross
photosynthesis and calcification, and their zooxanthellae contained
significantly higher amounts of photosynthetic pigments. Corals at SG
were characterised by a high zooxanthellae population density, high
nitrogen and photosynthetic pigment content per cell, and relatively
low primary productivity and calcification. Thus corals at each site
were found to respond to both nutrient enrichment and irradiance
levels in a combined manner.
	The use of discriminate function analysis was pivotal in identifying
those physiological variables that are most sensitive to nutrient enrichment
(primary characters), and those that are highly dependent on
irradiance and only secondarily on nutrient levels (secondary
characters). Photosynthetic pigments concentration constituted
primary characters. These were found to increase with nutrient
concentration (from OS to BRI), and remain high as environmental
degradation brought about a decrease in irradiance (from BRI to SG).
The rates of gross photosynthesis, respiration and calcification corresponded
to secondary characters. These were related to environmental degradation
by a single-humped curve, increasing with nutrient enrichment and decreasing again as the
reduction in light developed. Thus corals in the most oligotrophic
site (OS) and the highly degraded site (SG) could not be separated on
the basis of secondary characters alone. Therefore in contrast to
expectations, this study found that a reduction in the growth rate or
in the organic productivity of corals per se cannot be taken to imply
the presence of stress factors.
	The carbon budgets and the simple ratio of dayPgross/24hRc, were
found to be entirely dependent on the rate of photosynthesis when corals from different nutrient
environments were compared. This was the case because the budget
expenditure components that were found to differ significantly between
treatments (for example, zooxanthellae population density), were very
small when compared to photosynthesis. Therefore, in relation to
nutrient enrichment, carbon budgets and the ratio dayPgross/24hRc were
included with photosynthesis among the secondary characters.
	Among the physiological parameters measured in this study, the primary
characters and in particular the photosynthetic pigment content per
surface area, were identified as the parameters with the highest
potential for the development of a bio-assay to detect the onset of
nutrient enrichment on coral reefs.

Francesca Marubini
Queen Mary & Westfield College
Mile End Rd. - London E1 4NS - UK

e-mail: f.marubini@qmw.ac.uk
tel: UK-0171-9755555 x4781
fax: UK-0181-9830973

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 14:25:45 1997
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From: Seferino Paz <banyanbay@btl.net>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Giant Barrel Sponge
Date: Wed, 26 Feb 1997 12:28:54 -0600
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Over the past six months, we have witness an outbreak of a bleaching disease that is affecting the Giant Barrel Sponge (Xentospongia muta). It takes about two weeks for the disease to completely kill the sponge. The bleaching usually starts from the bas
e of the sponge and gradually works itself up, until the whole sponge is completely bleached out. Then the sponge just crumbles apart. We have notice this phenomenon of the reef off Ambergris Caye, Turneffe Islands, and Lighthouse Reef. We are not awar
e if the disease is present on the reefs of Southern Belize and Glovers Reef, but suspect the situation to be the same. We would like to know if anyone has any information or similar observations.

Mito Paz
Green Reef
San Pedro Town, Ambergris Caye
Belize, Central America
e-mail: banyanbay@btl.net
fax: (501) 26 3739
tel: (501) 26 2766

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 18:46:29 1997
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Date: 	Thu, 20 Feb 1997 13:49:26 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
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Subject: Coordination of GCRMN and Reef Check
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Coordination of GCRMN and Reef Check

There are several global and regional coral reef monitoring initiatives
that have been started, and there is a need to coordinate them to avoid
overlap and duplication of effort. The two largest programs are GCRMN
and Reef Check. Both of these programs have the same overall objectives
of measuring human impacts and natural variation in coral reef
communities sufficiently to determine their status and trends.

At this time, we would like to clarify the relationship between GCRMN
and Reef Check. These two programs were designed to complement each
other by dividing the available resources. GCRMN is presently best set
up to work with governments and to make use of monitoring teams composed
purely of scientists. Reef Check is best equipped to utilize monitoring
teams composed of recreational divers, led by a marine scientist.

Therefore, we would encourage all monitoring teams to register
accordingly with the appropriate program -- scientific teams with GCRMN
and recreational diver teams with Reef Check. Note that dual
registration with both programs will also be accepted. Beyond 1997 and
IYOR, the goal will be to merge these two programs.

With your help, by the end of 1997, we will have an unprecedented
synoptic view of the global health of coral reefs.

Gregor Hodgson Clive Wilkinson
Reef Check Coordinator Coordinator,
<rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk> Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Network
 <C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.AU>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 26 20:21:40 1997
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Date: 	Thu, 27 Feb 1997 09:16:08 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
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Organization: Institute for Environmental Studies
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There was an error in the URL given for the new Reef Check website.
The correct URL for the new Website is:

http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

Apologies for the missing "."

Gregor Hodgson, PhD
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
fax: (852) 2358-1582
tel: (852) 2358-8568

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 18 13:16:03 1997
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Date: 18 Feb 1997 11:56:03 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: info request- global co
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 Reply to: RE>>info request: global coral reef coverage

Tim,

In the paper that I presented in Panama, I present and discuss briefly some of
the current estimates of reef area. Much of the information is from Joanie
Kleypas. The paper is:

CORAL REEF STATUS AROUND THE WORLD: WHERE ARE WE AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
C.M. Eakin, J.W. McManus, M.D. Spalding, S.C. Jameson. Proc. 8th Intl. Coral
Reef Symposium, Panama. in press.

It can be found on the WWW at:
http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/8icrs/

The section of interest is:
While the most widely cited estimate of the world's coral reef area is 617,000
km^2 (Smith 1978), others have calculated estimates as low as 230,000 km^2
(Spalding in press) and as high as 1,500,000 km^2 (Copper 1994; Kleypas pers.
comm.) (Web Figure 1: Reef Area Estimates). Spalding suggests that reef area
estimates are likely to span an order of magnitude based solely on the
definition of reef that is used and results of modeling by Kleypas and others
are strongly dependent upon parameterization.

Cheers,
Mark
__________________________________________________________
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD USA 20910-5603
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19 Fax: 301-427-2073
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 27 17:22:59 1997
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Date: Thu, 27 Feb 1997 16:01:33 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Harvesting for Jewelry (fwd)
Message-Id: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970227160022.25210E-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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>From marbio:

---------- Forwarded message ----------

From: Jim Culter <JCULTER@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
Date: Fri, 21 Feb 1997 10:26:23 -0800 (PST)
Subject: marbio: Re: Coral Harvesting for jewelry

To Coral researchers:

I recently had a question posed to me concerning the harvest of
precious corals for jewelry. Can anyone tell me if this is still
permitted in US waters. I know Hawaii used to have a big
black/red/pink/orange coral business.

Any comments are appreciated.

Jim Culter			jculter@mote.org
Mote Marine Laboratory voice (941) 388-4441
1600 Thompson Parkway fax (941) 388-4312
Sarasota, FL 34236

MML is an independent not-for-profit marine/estuarine research and
education laboratory. All opinions herein are my own
(not MML policy) unless noted as otherwise.
1995 was the warmest year on record & world grain harvest was the smallest since 1988.
FOR MORE ABOUT MML SEE:
http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us./RESEAR07.HTM (case sensitive)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 27 17:26:02 1997
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Date: Thu, 27 Feb 1997 15:56:02 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Midway Atoll Summer Course
Message-Id: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970227155421.25210C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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This message, posted to marbio, may be of interest to some of you.

	Cheers,

	JCH

-------------

From: Karla McDermid <mcdermid@hawaii.edu>
Date: Tue, 25 Feb 1997 14:32:50 -1000
Subject: marbio: Midway Atoll Summer Course

The formal brochures have not been mailed out yet, nor are the summer
school catalogs all printed, but here is a highlight from our University
of Hawai'i at Hilo summer session in Marine Science course offerings:

The Atoll Ecosystem (MARE 310) 3 credits

Learn about atolls while on an atoll! Atolls are special ecosystems that
consist of small islets and hundreds of thousands of acres of submerged
reef and ocean. This two week course will be conducted entirely within
the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, 1800 miles northwest of Hilo.
Midway is home to over two million Laysan and Black-footed albatrosses, 14
other species of seabirds, as well as Hawaiian monk seals, green sea
turtles, spinner dolphins, and countless fish and invertebrates. While on
Midway, the formation, structure, distribution and oceanography of atolls
will be studied in situ. Students will observe first-hand the marine and
terrestrial biota of Midway Atoll while learning about the ecology of
atolls. Human impacts on atoll environments and atoll resource management
issues will be discussed. Students will learn through personal
observation, lectures by UH Hilo faculty and US Fish and Wildlife Service
biologists, fieldtrips, and primary sources from current scientific
literature. This course requires a prior college-level biology or
oceanography course, or the consent of the instructor.
Dates: June 20 - July 4, 1997
Price: $2275 includes roundtrip airfare from Lihue, Kauai to Midway,
bicycle use, room, 3 meals/day, and boat transporation for fieldtrips.
Tuition, summer session fees and airfare to Kauai not included.
Class size limited to 17 students.

For more information contact:
Karla McDermid or Walter Dudley
Marine Science Dept.
University of Hawai'i at Hilo
200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720
808-974-7650/808-974-7629

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 27 17:27:33 1997
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Date: Thu, 27 Feb 1997 16:00:06 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Adobe Acrobat Reader
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For those of you who would like to view:

A Manual for Monitoring Coral Reefs with
Indicator Species: Butterflyfishes as Indicators
of Change on Indo-Pacific Reefs

by
Michael P. Crosby, Ph.D. and Ernst S. Reese, Ph.D.

found at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/themes.html, but do not have an
Adobe Acrobat Reader, you can download one for free at:

	http://www.adobe.com

	Cheers,

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 28 00:45:33 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se,
 COASTNET@uriacc.uri.edu
From: Kuda Laut <kudalaut@indo.net.id>
Subject: Software for multivariate analysis
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Dear everybody,

My apologies for cross-posting.

Could anyone tell me if there is any good software (possibly working with MS
Windows) to perform multivariate analysis (namely Principal Component
Analysis and Factor Analysis) on sets of ecological data?

Very important: do you know any www site where I can download that software?
I write from a remote location (Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia) where I can
have serious problems in finding a good software shop.

Thanks in advance for your help

Massimo Boyer

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre *
 * Kuda Laut Project *
 * P.O. Box 1535 *
 * Manado 95001 *
 * North Sulawesi *
 * Indonesia *
 * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100 *
 * E mail: kudalaut@indo.net.id *
 * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 28 05:55:56 1997
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Date: Fri, 28 Feb 1997 10:54:47 +0100 (MET)
From: Ut Vu Ngoc <Ut.VuNgoc@rug.ac.be>
To: Fisheries@biome.bio.dfo.ca
Cc: mangrove@essun1.murdoch.edu.au, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us, Coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu,
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Dear everybody,

I thank you very much for your cooperation in supplying me many recent
useful informations. Unfortunately,I now too busy to read them, thus I
would like to ask you to stop sending me messages for the coming times.
Any way, I will try to manage my time and hopefully I will announce you
latter when I need your help. Once again thank you very much.

My best wishes.

UT VUNGOC

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 28 17:23:16 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu
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	For those of you with an interest in the Caribbean specifically,
here is some information regarding a Caribbean discussion group.
*************************************************************************

I. Discussion Groups on the Internet: The Caribbean

	The term "Discussion Groups" refers to systems in which people
post messages to an entire group; the message is delivered to each
group member in his/her electronic mail. One such group is Caribb_Study.

	Caribb_Study is an open, unmoderated discussion group that is
available to anyone who has an e-mail account. Caribb_Study is the
"unofficial official" discussion group of the CSA, but it is open to
anyone who is interested, from a scholarly perspective, in Caribbean
Studies.

TO JOIN the group: Send an electronic mail message to this address:

		Majordomo@listserv.bc.edu

The message should say only the following

		Subscribe Caribb_Study

You will soon receive an acknowledgment of your subscription.
TO SEND a message to the group, post it to the following address

		Caribb_Study@Listserv.bc.edu

The message will be distributed to all members.
If you have any problems, contact the list manager at this address

		Malec@bcvms.bc.edu

[As of February, 1997, Caribb_Study has about 75 subscribers.]

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 1 08:33:19 1997
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Date: Sat, 01 Mar 1997 07:44:00 -0500
From: Don McAllister <mcall@superaje.com>
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Organization: Linn-Tarn; Canadian Museum of Nature; Ocean Voice International
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Fish-Ecology@segate.sun
Subject: Contents of New issue of Sea Wind 10(4)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS of SEA WIND 10(4)

Sea Reform - Counterpart to Land [Reform]

News from Ocean Voice International

Charter for Earth: A Code of Conduct for Humans in Regard to Nature

Seahorse Conservation in the Central Philippines:
	A community-based approach

The Economic Benefits of Tourism in the Marine Reserve of
	Apo Island, Philippines

The Impacts of Fishing Gear on Seafloor Habitats
	(What do trawls really do to bottom habitat?)

Coral Reef Conservation in Indiana
	(Growing corals for sale inland - an approach to conservation?)

Plus the usual: Sea News; Booke Nooke; On the NET; and Conferences

http:/www.ovi.ca
--
Don E. McAllister /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity
Ocean Voice International /Canadian Museum of Nature
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4
URL: http://www.ovi.ca E-mail: mcall@superaje.com
 (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613)
264-9204

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 3 09:27:54 1997
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 1997 07:36:52 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Software for multivariate analysis - Reply (fwd)
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Message from Walt Jaap:

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 28 Feb 1997 06:29:56 -0500 (EST)
From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us>
Subject: Software for multivariate analysis - Reply

In my humble opinion, the best packages out there for multivariate
analysis are found in a package called PRIMER. It is not a windows 95,
but it will work on Windows 95 systems. It is not free. You should
contact Dr. Martin Carr, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place,
Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK. FAX= (01752) 670637, phone= (01752) 222772,
e-mail= m.carr@pml.ac.uk.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 3 14:09:54 1997
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Date: Mon, 3 Mar 1997 12:00:52 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: Collette Burke <burke@twsuvm.uc.twsu.edu>,
 "NOAA's C.H.A.M.P." <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Abstract on Belize bleaching, 1995 (fwd)
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 This message is in MIME format. The first part should be readable text,
 while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools.
 Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info.

--=====================_854061336==_
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Sorry for the delay, but here is an interesting abstract from Collette
Burke:

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 23 Jan 1997 14:53:34 -0500
From: Collette Burke <burke@twsuvm.uc.twsu.edu>
To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: abstract on Belize bleaching, 1995

 The 1995 coral bleaching event in the western Caribbean was the
first that significantly affected the Belize Barrier Reef. The bleaching
was attributed to a two month period of warm water temperatures between 32
and 34 degrees in shallow back reef areas. Near Ambergris Caye,barrier and
patch reefs along the coast experienced up to 50% bleaching. At Mexico
Rocks Patch Reef Complex (MRPRC), important changes in reef health,
community and physical structure occurred, probably owing to the 1995
bleaching event.

 During the years 1988-1993, 23 patch reefs of the MRPRC were mapped,
geologically analyzed, and ecologically surveyed. The zone was
characterized ecologically and taxonomically as a stony, head coral
complex. MRPRC consisted of 83% healthy, well-colored, framework-building
head corals. Other reef-building taxa and reef dwelling, invertebrate taxa
were of secondary importance. During this interval, the MRPRC exhibited
24% degradation of reef surfaces and 5.3% cavity development.

 22 of the MRPRC patches were resurveyed in March 1996, after the
bleaching event. Less than 1% of the complex is currently experiencing
bleaching. Comparison of the pre- and post-bleaching degradation values
indicates that degradation increased and coral cover decreased 13%,
indicating high coral mortality. The secondary disturbances that can
follow coral mortality associated with a bleaching event are present in
the complex, including an increase in algal cover and subsequent herbivory
that erodes the reef framework. The full impact of this bleaching event
may not be concluded for years, and may have implications for
interpretation of reefs in the fossil record.

--=====================_854061336==_--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 4 06:38:09 1997
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From: "Mohammad R. Alagha" <mralagha@iugaza.edu>
Subject: Forwarded mail....
To: Aquatic Discussion List <ACN-L@pinetree.org>
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--0-1550569873-857470580:#12028--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 4 08:40:46 1997
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	id AA11088; Tue, 4 Mar 1997 08:38:00 -0400 (GMT-0400)
From: fudena@conicit.ve (Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza (FUDENA))
Message-Id: <9703041238.AA11088@dino.conicit.ve>
Subject: Venezuela, fudena, and Reef Check 97
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 4 Mar 1997 08:38:00 -0400 (GMT-0400)
Cc: hrubwd@hkucc.hku.hk
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Dear mr. Wadell,

I am very interested in participating in the "Reef check 97 programme". At this
moment there are volunteers available for this project, but we are in need of
material and if possible also funding. I would be very grateful if you could
send me some info on the project.
I have not received anything yet. You would so kind you send me the information
by fax. Thank you very much in advance,
Sincerely yours,

Evaristo Caraballo
Coastal and Marine Projects Coordinator

--
============================================================================

FUDENA
Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza
Apartado 70376. Caracas 1071-A. Venezuela
Tel. 238-1720/1761/1793
Fax. 2382139/2396547
E-mail: fudena@dino.conicit.ve

============================================================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 4 08:41:18 1997
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	id AA09808; Tue, 4 Mar 1997 08:35:25 -0400 (GMT-0400)
From: fudena@conicit.ve (Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza (FUDENA))
Message-Id: <9703041235.AA09808@dino.conicit.ve>
Subject: Venezuela, FUDENA and Reef Check 97
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 4 Mar 1997 08:35:25 -0400 (GMT-0400)
Cc: c.wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.au
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Dear Dr Wilkinson,

We have been projecting a characterization and monitoring of coral reef since
last months. This project would be charging out with volunteer divers at least
on three localities at our country. For this moment we have planned to make
monitoring until December, but we want this work be a regular long-term
monitoring. I want to participate in the Pilot Monitoring Programme.
We have prepared a simple evalution. We are using the Cintron's Manual (in
spanish) of the WWF, with some modifications. We do not have the Survey Manual
for Tropical Marine Resources. I hope you can send one. On the other hand, we
are working with a specialist in coral reef in Venezuela, PhD Sheyla Marquez.
She has suggested to adquire HOBBO's and other istruments to make the measures.
Presently, we are looking for funds here, in Venezuela. I want to know if there
is any international organization which wa
nt to give us financing and advise.
Additionally, we are working in a project about the socioeconomic causes
affecting the biodiversity. I want to know if a Coral Reef Management Plan
exists in Australia, and if so, which its standars are. Where can I find this
information?
Many thanks in advance,
Sincerely yours,

Evaristo Caraballo
Coastal and Marine Projects Coordinator

--
============================================================================

FUDENA
Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza
Apartado 70376. Caracas 1071-A. Venezuela
Tel. 238-1720/1761/1793
Fax. 2382139/2396547
E-mail: fudena@dino.conicit.ve

============================================================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 4 08:42:17 1997
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	id AA11243; Tue, 4 Mar 1997 08:40:05 -0400 (GMT-0400)
From: fudena@conicit.ve (Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza (FUDENA))
Message-Id: <9703041240.AA11243@dino.conicit.ve>
Subject: fudena and reefs
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 4 Mar 1997 08:40:05 -0400 (GMT-0400)
Cc: gershenz@sfsu.edu
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Dear mr. Gershenz
I am very interested in your "Reef adoption programme", therefore I would be
very grateful if you could send me some info on this programme.
Sincerely yours,

Evaristo Caraballo
Coastal and Marine Projects Coordinator

--
============================================================================

FUDENA
Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza
Apartado 70376. Caracas 1071-A. Venezuela
Tel. 238-1720/1761/1793
Fax. 2382139/2396547
E-mail: fudena@dino.conicit.ve

============================================================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 4 18:09:35 1997
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From: "Phil Pepe (28)5-7106" <PEPE.PHIL@a1.pc.maricopa.edu>
Subject: Introduction
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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The following abstract is of a paper presented by the authors at the 26th
Annual Meeting of the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean in
1994. We have since used visual methods for censusing parrotfish and
surgeonfish populations on the outer reef flats of Roatan, Honduras. We will be
returning to Roatan this summer to continue our work.

Comments would be appreciated!

	A NEW VISUAL CENSUSING TECHNIQUE FOR ENUMERATING
		LARGE, DAY ACTIVE REEF FISHES

	Philip Pepe (Phoenix College, Phoenix, AZ 85013
	and Oceanic Society Expeditions, San Francisco, CA 94123),

	Nicole Crane (Hopkins Marine Station,
	Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA 93950
	and Oceanic Society Expeditions, San Francisco, CA 94123),

	Geoff Stein, Monica Cervinek, Kevin Kittredge,
	Tasha Bair and Nancy Osborne (ReefWatch Volunteers)

				ABSTRACT

	The Kick Cycling Visual Technique (KCVT) for censusing fishes was
developed and tested. The KCVT does not require the advance deployment of
markers as does the Strip Transect Visual Technique STVT. Divers need only a
compass and a slate to carry out a census and use a standard timed kick cycle
method for estimating the distance covered while swimming along a compass
heading. This is of great advantage when time is limited and the goal of a
census is to visit multiple sites over large reef areas.
	The KCVT was used to census parrotfish and surgeonfish at four
locations at the northwest end of Lighthouse Reef Atoll, Belize. All censusing
was done in outer reef flat environments on the seaward side of the reef crest
at depths of 30 to 45 feet.
	The census data was used to study the precision of the method. The
Precision Statistic (P=SE/M) ranged from 10-26%.
 	There is a strong similarity in the distribution of parrotfish and
surgeonfish between sites. There were no significant differences between the
KCVT surgeonfish censuses at all four sites (Kruskall-Wallis p=0.05). The
sample distributions from three sites were not significantly different from one
another in both parrotfish and surgeonfish (Kruskall-Wallis p=0.05). However
the mean number of parrotfish was greater and significantly different at
Lighthouse Wall (Kruskall-Wallis p=0.05).
	Paired STVT and KCVT censuses produced similar sample distributions at
Manta Point. There was no significant difference between the STVT and KCVT data
pairs (Mann-Whitney U Test, p=0.05). The results support the hypothesis that
the KCVT provides a similar degree of accuracy and precision as the STVT for
censusing large, day active reef fish.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 5 13:15:28 1997
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From: "Carl R. Beaver" <cbeaver@falcon.tamucc.edu>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Mexican Reef Researchers
Date: Wed, 5 Mar 1997 09:56:59 -0600
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Dear All;

We are looking for several reef researchers we have worked with in the past. Most of these individuals have or are presently active in reef research in the Yucatan or Veracruz areas of southern Mexico. If you know of an e-mail or mailing address for any
 of these researchers, please pass it along to us at the address below. Thanks for your help.

Name					Location
Juan Pablo Carricart - Ganivev 		Chetumal, Mexico

Biol. Alfredo Arrellano
Director Sian Ka'an Reserve

Biol. David Guiterrez
Amigos de Sian Ka'an

Dr, Alicia Gonzalez			CINVESTAV , Merida

Biol. Humberto Alberto			CINVESTAV, Merida

Humbeto Alvaerz Hernandez		CINVESTAV

Juan Vargas-Hernandez			Veracruz

Luis Sautto

Please forward any information to:

Carl Beaver
Center for Coastal Studies
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi
E-mail: cbeaver@falcon.tamucc.edu

Thank you

John W. Tunnell
Director, Center for Coastal Studies

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 5 20:07:20 1997
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Date: Wed, 5 Mar 1997 15:46:37 -0800 (PST)
From: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu>
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To: "Carl R. Beaver" <cbeaver@falcon.tamucc.edu>
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Subject: Re: Mexican Reef Researchers
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Name					Location

Juan Pablo Carricart - Ganivev 		Chetumal, Mexico

Perhaps:

Centro de Investigaciones de Quintana Roo
Carretera Chetumal-Bacalar
Apartado Postal 424
Chetumal CP 77000
Mexico
Tel: (52 983) 21 666; (52 983) 20 076; (52 983) 30 076
Fax: (52 983) 20 447; (52 983) 30 447
Email: ceqrode@laneta.apc.org

Biol. Alfredo Arrellano
Director Sian Ka'an Reserve
Biol. David Guiterrez
Amigos de Sian Ka'an

Amigos de Sian Ka'an, A.C. - Quintana Roo
Avenida Coba No. 5
Plaza America Desp. 48-50
Apartado Postal 770
Cancun 77500
Mexico
Tel: (52) 988 49 583
Fax: (52) 988 73 088; (52) 988 73 080
Email: sian@cancun.rce.com.mx

Dr, Alicia Gonzalez			CINVESTAV , Merida
Biol. Humberto Alberto			CINVESTAV, Merida
Humbeto Alvaerz Hernandez CINVESTAV

Centro de Investigaciones y de Estudios Avanzados - Merdia
Instituto Politecnica Nacional
Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso
Apartado Postal 73
Cordemex
Merida CP 97310
Mexico
Tel: (52 992) 260 399; (52 99) 260 301; (52 992) 260 443
Fax: (52 99) 260 0545; (52 99) 260 7698

Luis Sautto

There are a number of other contacts in the ICONS database, including
IYOR and ICRI members, which should be released in the next month (ICONS
has over 1,1000 reef-related organizations in its organizations module,
and several thousand references in the bibliography module). For more
information, see:

 http://www.iucn.org/icons

---------

Preston Hardison
pdh@u.washington.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 7 09:02:11 1997
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Date: Fri, 7 Mar 1997 08:45:23 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 International Year of the Reef <iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
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Subject: NOAA Coral Reef Weekly Story Ideas
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>From NOAA's Public Affairs Office:

------

NOAA will provide new information every week on a wide variety of issues
related to coral reefs, and direct access to experts in many fields. Each
of the 52 weekly coral reef stories will be a package of ideas, experts to
consult, and a wide-range of issues affecting the reefs. Some of these
include: dynamite fishing in tropical waters, protected area management,
and reef restoration projects.

Although NOAA is the coordinating entity for this effort, the list of
story ideas and experts includes individuals from a variety of
universities, agencies and organizations such as the American Zoo and
Aquarium Association and the IUCN (World Conservation Union).

If you need help with any of these stories, contact Matt Stout at NOAA
Public Affairs in Washington, D.C., at (202) 482-6090.

-----

For a listing of the Weekly Story Ideas, see the following URL:

 http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/coralreef/reefstories.html

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| |
| NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program |
| Ocean Chemistry Division |
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory |
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| Miami, Florida 33149-1026 |
| USA |
| |
| Email: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov |
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov |
| |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 8 13:47:59 1997
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From: "Nathalie Stevenson" <N.J.Stevenson@ncl.ac.uk>
To: coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 mangrove@essun1.murdoch.edu.au
Date: Sat, 8 Mar 1997 17:07:29 +0000
Subject: NOAA Fellowships advert
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Dear All,

Does anyone still have a copy of an email which went out this
week (probably weds/thurs) to either Coastnet, Coral List or Mangrove
discussion group detailing NOAA fellowships in coastal studies??

I would be grateful if anyone could forward a copy to me if they
still have it, or send details of the web address contained within the ad.
I have trawled their web sites with no success..

I was changing over from one computer to another and indavertently
lost two days email in the process.

Thanks in advance,

Nathalie Stevenson
Centre Tropical Coastal Management Studies,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
tel: + 44 (0) 191 222 6660 (direct) 6659 (sec)
fax: + 44 (0) 191 222 7891

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 8 15:24:11 1997
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To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Coral Harvesting for Jewelry (fwd)
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To Jim Coulter,

	Regarding your inquiry about the status of harvesting precious
corals, see my paper in Marine Fisheries Review, 1993, Vol. 55:50-60, for
a review of the subject. In Hawaii, there has been a black coral fishery
for about 38 years; it is well managed by virtue of size limits (4 feet
minimum height for colonies of Antipathes grandis and Antipathes
dichotoma) and an estimate of MSY that has never been exceeded. A model
based on the Beverton-Holt yield recruit analysis was used to estimate
MSY. It is an example that illustrates it is possible to harvest corals
successfully. In contrast, the pink and red precious coral fishery in the
North Pacific has not been well managed and is seriously over-exploited.
Much of the resource is outside of 200 miles and regulation is virtually
impossible. It is common property and another example of the tragedy of
the commons. What is needed are multi-lateral treaties among countries
that exploit the resource (Japan and Taiwan and the US). See my paper for
more details.
					Richard Grigg, Univ. of Hawaii

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 11 14:59:19 1997
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From: LUIS ALBERTO ACOSTA MORENO - IBI - 397572 #070000# <laacosta@obelix.unicamp.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: discuss
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I have some problems to diferentiate clearly between the
terms: fission and fragmentation, would you help me? Many papers use this
words without define them.

thaks

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 11 14:59:29 1997
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From: LUIS ALBERTO ACOSTA MORENO - IBI - 397572 #070000# <laacosta@obelix.unicamp.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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I'm interesting to know were I can do a course in ecology of clonal
organims, or biology of clonal organims.

Thanks

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 12 20:22:29 1997
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 1997 17:54:30 -0500 (EST)
From: Jennifer Anna Bossung <jab18@acpub.duke.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Clorox on reefs?
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Hi- I'm wondering if anyone has done any research on the effects of
Clorox (bleach) on coral reefs. I have just returned from Panama where I
was doing field research for my master's thesis, and the locals there
squirt Clorox into nooks and crannies in the reef to catch octopus.
This is a relatively new method of catching a previously un-used species,
but I can imagine it must be disastrous- and I'd like to know more about
it. Thanks, jenna bossung (please reply to jab18@acpub.duke.edu)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 12 20:22:44 1997
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From: marcos gektidis <krutschi@stud.uni-frankfurt.de>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 1997 23:55:10 +0000
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Subject: coral mucus preservation
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I wonder if anyone in the coral-list-community can help me with the following question:

What would be the best way to preserve "fresh" coral mucus under
field work conditions (freezing possible) for further lab
investigations back home?
I would very much appreciate any reply with hints, advices or your
experiences asap!
Thank you very much in advance,

Jenny Krutschinna
Dept. of Zoology
Frankfurt/M.
Germany

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 13 14:38:29 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 1997 13:33:56 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kiho Kim <kk60@cornell.edu>
Subject: Re: Software for multivariate analysis
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I find that Data Desk among the best (power, speed, and ease of use) for multivariate analysis. Although I have been using it on the Mac, they are just (or very soon) releasing a Windows version. Its a full features stats package so it is expensive. Ho
wever, students can get the same version for ~US$100. You can download demos at: http://www.datadesk.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 13 20:49:27 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 1997 08:34:42 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Organization: Gayana Resort Bay
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Reef Conservation Videos
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Dear Coral-Listers,

I am finishing up a 3,000sqft demo & Info centre on promoting coral reef
awareness, conservation and rehabilitation. Aquariums and actual R&D
concrete raceways are part of it as well as a briefing hall.

I need sources for UW videos that are both informative and entertaining.

Any computer side shows are also needed, whereas, such can be sent via
disk or CD-Rom.

Scientific video is also needed for the visiting scientists.

Any help would be appreciated. Money is no problem here either.

Don Baker
THE CORAL REEF
Coral Reef & Giant Clam Rehabilitation Center
C/O Gayana Resort
G16 Wisma Sabah / 88000
P. Gaya / Kota Kinabalu
Sabah, Malaysia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 14 10:01:25 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 1997 09:43:32 -0300 (GRNLNDST)
From: Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos <kelmo@ufba.br>
To: marcos gektidis <krutschi@stud.uni-frankfurt.de>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: coral mucus preservation
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	Dear Collegues,
	I would appreciate to know about it, too.
	Thanks.
	Francisco Kelmo.

*******************************************************************
** Prof.Francisco Kelmo **
** Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biologia **
** Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus de Ondina **
** Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n. Salvador-Bahia-BRAZIL **
** cep. 40170-290 **
** fax:+55 071 2456909 Ph: +55 071 2473810/2473744 **
** e-mail:Kelmo@ufba.br **
********************************************************************

On Wed, 12 Mar 1997, marcos gektidis wrote:

> I wonder if anyone in the coral-list-community can help me with the following question:
>
> What would be the best way to preserve "fresh" coral mucus under
> field work conditions (freezing possible) for further lab
> investigations back home?
> I would very much appreciate any reply with hints, advices or your
> experiences asap!
> Thank you very much in advance,
>
> Jenny Krutschinna
> Dept. of Zoology
> Frankfurt/M.
> Germany
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 14 10:02:48 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 1997 07:29:59 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Deletion from coral-list?
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970314070843.17412A-200000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 This message is in MIME format. The first part should be readable text,
 while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools.
 Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info.

---1066435592-401773723-858342599=:17412
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>From time to time I unfortunately have to delete names from coral-list
because of several email/Internet related problems. If you find in the
future that you are no longing receiving coral-list messages, it may be
because of one of the reasons listed below. If this happens, just
re-subscribe (you *did* keep that original message on subscribing and
unsubscribing, didn't you?), or send me a message and I'll help out.

If you didn't keep the original message, it is attached for your
convenience.

Reasons Your Name May Be Deleted
================================

1) You changed email addresses and forgot to unsubscribe from coral-list
using our old address, then re-subscribe using your new address. (Or, you
forgot to notify me.)

2) Your mailbox is full, and messages to your account keep bouncing back
to majordomo (the listserver software). I'll usually let this go for
several days or a week before having to delete your name.

3) Your sytsem administrator changed your email address (or mail server),
sometimes without you even knowing it. Therefore, messages sent to your
old address keep bouncing. This usually comes back as a "host unknown"
error. This may also occur if you change computers (hosts) you use for
reading or sending your mail.

4) The network connection to your site is down so often that messages to
you bounce more than they are delivered!

5) You somehow re-subscribed with a bogus address (like "@somewhere.com",
instead of "your_name@somewhere.com"). I'm not sure exactly how this
happens, but it occasionally does. I believe it is related to the mail
software used by the client (you).

6) "Local configuration error". This is a catch-all for several
different problems, usually your mail software is configured incorrectly.

Thank you very much for your patience.

	Sincerely yours,

	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator

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---1066435592-401773723-858342599=:17412--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 14 11:28:53 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 1997 15:01:29 +0000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
Subject: email address for Robert Carpenter
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Hello,

I wonder if somone would be so grateful as to give me an email address for
Robert C. Carpenter. I believe he is at the Northwich branch of California
State University - I may however be wrong about this.

Thanks in advance.

**********************************************************
* Cassian Edwards, *
* School of Biological Sciences, *
* Queen Mary and Westfield College (London University), *
* Mile End Road, *
* E1 4NS, *
* England. *
* *
* Telephone: +44 171 775 3200 (ext 4121) *
* Fax: +44 181 983 0973 *
* email: c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk *
**********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 14 12:52:02 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Mar 1997 11:51:45 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: email address for Robert Carpenter
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970314115034.1274A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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There is an address for Robert Carpenter at the CHAMP Home Page's Online
Coral Researcher's Directory at:

 http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov

Other coral-listers seeking addresses may wish to look at the Directory
when needing contact information. If you are on that list and wish to
update your contact information, please drop me a line. Thanks!

 Cheers,

 Jim Hendee
 coral-list administrator

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 14 13:50:13 1997
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From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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 CoralBleach <Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov>,
 "Celso S. Barrientos" <cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
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It would appear from our SST anomaly charts [satellite] that the warmer
than normal SSTs off the SA coast and extending along the Equator beyond
the Galapogos may be announcing a 1997 ENSO event...stay tuned. Our Coral
Reef Bleaching Hotspot charts show SSTs along the Peru & Ecuador coasts to
be in excess of the maximum monthly SST climatology by levels by over +1
deg C!

SST Anomalies:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html

Coral Reef Bleaching HotSpots:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html

Cheers,
Al
*****************************************************************************
 Alan E. Strong
Physical Scientist/Oceanographer Adj. Asst. Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711 Oceanography Department
 Camp Springs, MD 20233 Annapolis, MD 21402
	301-763-8102 410-293-6566 [v-mail]
 Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov strong@nadn.navy.mil
	FAX: 301-763-8020 FAX: 410-293-2137
 http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html
*****************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 15 03:42:26 1997
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Date: Sat, 15 Mar 1997 15:44:53 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Organization: Gayana Resort Bay
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Hi Coral-L,

I am looking for a good international TIDE Software program that give
##s & Graphics.

Any help would be well appreciated. I tried JUMBO shareware but No
Luck.

Cheers,
Don Baker

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 15 08:21:50 1997
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From: kclark@iu.net (Kerry Clark)
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>I am looking for a good international TIDE Software program that give
>##s & Graphics.
>
>Any help would be well appreciated. I tried JUMBO shareware but No
>Luck.

 The application "Tide Stamp" by Brian Burke does this. It's for Mac.
There is another program called "Xtide" for Xwindows, by David Flater
available at ftp://speckle.ncsl.nist.gov/flater/sources/. Both use the
Harmonics database for predictions.

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/metahome" -- "Bytes of Nature"

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 15 12:02:32 1997
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>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>LAST CALL FOR CONTRIBUTORS<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<

Ustica (Italy), 26-28 june 1997

I INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON
FISH VISUAL CENSUS
IN
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS

Supported by:
Riserva Naturale Marina Isola di Ustica
Comune di Ustica
ICRAM
 (Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca scientifica e tecnologica Applicata al
Mare) Roma

Chairman:
 Dr. Marino Vacchi - ICRAM

AIMS OF THE WORKSHOP
	This workshop aims to discuss the various techniques employeed for Fish
Visual Census and to highlight some results, with particular reference to
Marine Protected Areas, in the Mediterranean Sea and outside.

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS (preliminary list)
- S.A. Bortone
Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Research.
University of West Florida. USA.
- P. Francour
Facult des Sciences de Luminy. Marseille. France
- A. Garcia-Rubies
Centre d'Estudis Avancats de Blanes (CSIC). Girona. Spain
- J.-G. Harmelin
Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille. France.
- R.F.G. Ormond
Tropical Marine Research Unit. University of York. UK.
- M. Vacchi
Istituto Centrale per la Ricerca scientifica e tecnologica Applicata al
Mare. Roma. Italy.

CONTRIBUTIONS
General contributions on the topic Fish visual census: methodology,
approaches and data are welcome.
Oral communications will be 15 minutes.
Posters must fit in a maximum space 1x1.5 m (horizontal x vertical).
Should there be more oral presenations than available space in the
timetable, contributors of extra abstracts will be notified with an option
to contribute a poster.

------------------------------------------------------------------------

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM

25 june: Arrival in Ustica. h. 18.00 at the Riserva Marina get together
party and registration.

26 june - A.M.:  Official opening. Speakers:
dr. R. Sequi, director of the Riserva Naturale Marina Isola di Ustica;
dr. A. Licciardi, major of Ustica;
dr. G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, president of ICRAM.
 Keynote presentations. 6 speakers with extensive experience in fish visual
census have been invited to address axpect of the theme and to stimulate
discussion. 6 lectures, of the duration of 30 minutes each, will be
followed by a short discussion.
26 june - P.M.: Thematic communications. Short oral communications (15
minutes each), and discussion of the posters on the general topic Fish
visual census: methodology, approaches and data analisys. Final discussion.

27 june - A.M.: Thematic communications. Following from 26 june.
27 june - P.M.: Coordinate discussion on the topic Fish visual census and
reserve effect.

28 june - A.M.: Field activity. Cernia visual survey. All the partecipants
are invited to a survey of a target species, the groupers (=cernia in
Italian) Epinephelus marginatus and E. costae will be performed by. The
survey will be extended simultaneously to cover every areas of the Marine
Park. Scuba certification needed for the field activity.
28 june - P.M.: First data treatment and discussion on the results of the
census.
28 june - evening: Closure dinner. All contributors are invited.

Official language: ENGLISH
-------------------------------------------------------------------

 ABSTRACTS
Abstracts for keynote presentations, oral communications and posters, in
English, should be submitted preferably in electronic form (Microsoft Word
6.0 or previous versions or text file) as attachment to an e-mail message. A
hard copy can also be sent as a backup. Abstracts will be reproduced in the
conference program. Submitted abstract must include:
Author(s). Please indicate the author who will be presenting the paper.
Addresses of the authors (including e-mail).
Title
Abstract (300 word limit)
DEADLINE for submitting ABSTRACTS:
 31 MARCH 1997

PROCEEDINGS
A proceedings of the conference will be published in a special issue of the
journal Il Naturalista Siciliano. This will include papers from the keynote
addresses, contributed papers and the workshop outcomes. In order to be
considered for publications manuscripts must be submitted no later than at
the workshop, preferably in electronic form (Microsoft Word 6.0 or previous
versions or Text File) either as attachment to an e-mail message or by disk.
Manuscripts should be formatted as for a paper in Il Naturalista Siciliano
(see its instructions for authors). All papers will be refereed as for a
reputable scientific journal.
DEADLINE for submitting MANUSCRIPTS:
28 JUNE 1997

WORKSHOP FEE
The workshop is open. The Riserva Naturale Marina Isola di Ustica will
provide facilities for the field activities, including the use of boats,
scuba tanks and weights. Other scuba equipment is available for rent.

THE LOCATION
Ustica is a small island in the middle of the southern Thyrrenian Sea, at
around 30 miles from Palermo. The Riserva Naturale Marina Isola di Ustica,
settled in 1985, is the first Marine Park in Italy. Very well known amongst
scuba divers, its main features are the submerged rocky cliffs, very crowded
with fish. The grouper Epinephelus marginatus, nowadays rare in most of the
Mediterranean, is quite common here.
Ustica is connected twice a day with Palermo by ferry boat or hovercraft.
Palermo is connected daily with all the main Italian airports.
At the end of june the weather is usually fine and dry. Air temperature
range between 24 and 30C. Water temperature is around 24C at the surface,
16C below 15 m depth.
On the island it is possible to find accommodation in various hotels. The
average rate for a 3 star hotel is around 50 USD for a double room without
breakfast.

CONTACTS
WORLD WIDE WEB PAGE:
Further information can be seen on the Workshop Internet page at the address:
http://www.wp.com/kudalaut/vcensus.html

REGISTRATION, SUBMISSION OF
ABSTRACTS AND PROCEEDINGS
For information, registration and for submitting abstract and proceedings
please contact:
Dr. Massimo Boyer
Dr. Paola Bearzi
via Chiodo 10/24
17100 Savona - Italy
preferably by e-mail at the following addresses:

1- Until 01/02/97 and from 16/05/97:
phone: +39 (0)19 853148
fax: +39 (0)10 3470403
e-mail: boyer@mbox.vol.it

2- From 01/02/97 to 15/05/97:
phone & fax +62 (0)431 861100
e-mail: kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id

or contact directly:
dr. Marino Vacchi ICRAM
via E. Respighi 5 - 00197 Roma - Italy
tel. +39 (0)6 8072276 fax +39 (0)6 8088326
e-mail:

Accommodation
For hotel accommodation it is possible to contact directly :
Riserva Naturale Marina Isola di Ustica
p.za Umberto I - Ustica (PA) - Italy
phone: +39 (0)91 8449456
fax: +39 (0)91 8449194

 PLEASE, NOTE THE NEW E-MAIL ADDRESS

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre *
 * Kuda Laut Project *
 * P.O. Box 1535 *
 * Manado 95001 *
 * North Sulawesi *
 * Indonesia *
 * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100 *
 * E mail: kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id *
 * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 15 13:34:30 1997
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From: fudena@conicit.ve (Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza (FUDENA))
Message-Id: <9703151802.AA03156@dino.conicit.ve>
Subject: looking for Mike Risk
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Sat, 15 Mar 1997 14:02:47 -0400 (GMT-0400)
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL24 ME7]
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Please: who knows Mike Risk (Canada), reply him this massage!!!!

Mr Risk
Thank you for your email. Espero que no haya problema si escribo en espa~nol.
Estoy sinceramente interesado en el manual, ya que todavia seguimos decidiendo
cual es la metodologia mas conveniente.
Y agradezco mucho la informacion acerca de las becas. Estare encantado de hablar
con el Dr Jadon. Estoy muy interesado en estudios en el exterior en materia de
manejo de recursos marino-costeros.
Y hope to hear of you soon.

Evaristo Caraballo
Marine and Coastal Projects Co-ordinator

--
============================================================================

FUDENA
Fundacion para la Defensa de la Naturaleza
Apartado 70376. Caracas 1071-A. Venezuela
Tel. 238-1720/1761/1793
Fax. 2382139/2396547
E-mail: fudena@dino.conicit.ve

============================================================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 17 10:34:54 1997
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Date: Mon, 17 Mar 1997 09:36:36 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Marine Conservation Biology Course
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970317093547.6442B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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The following is forwarded from the marbio listserver:

------------------------------

From: Mike Mascia <mbm4@mail.duke.edu>
Date: Sat, 15 Mar 1997 23:27:14 -0500 (EST)
Subject: marbio: Marine Conservation Biology Course

 Unique Summer Opportunity in Marine Conservation Biology

The Duke University Marine Laboratory is offering an unparalleled summer
educational opportunity from July 21 through August 22, 1997. Marine
conservation biology teaches the principles of conservation and
preservation of the coastal environment with a focus on problem solving as
well as the application of science in shaping environmental management
decisions and policy.

Distinguished faculty from around the country will assemble for this
concentrated five week program. Among the guest faculty are: Baird
Callicott, North Texas State University, Norman L. Christensen, Jr., Duke
University, John Clarke, Mote Marine Laboratory, Paul Dayton, Scripps
Institute of Oceanography, Martin Hall, Inter-American Tropical Tuna
Commission, Jane Lubchenco, Oregon State University and others from the
summer faculty at the Duke University Marine Laboratory.

In addition to the course in marine conservation biology and this
distinguished group of visitors, those enrolled in summer term II have the
opportunity to fulfill two college credits by adding on of the seven
elective courses offered at that time.

Full tuition summer scholarships are still available. Applications for
scholarships are due by March 28, 1997. Applications for Summer Term II
will be taken until July 17, 1997.

For specific information on this program see our web site:
http://www.env.duke.edu/marinelab/marine.html or contact Helen Nearing at
hnearing@mail.duke.edu, (919) 504-7502

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 17 10:49:29 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Researchers
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970317092723.6442A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Greetings coral-listers!

	For those of you who have access to the World-Wide Web, please
check the Online Coral Researchers Directory at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov
before you post messages to coral-list looking for an address. Even more
in-depth coverage of researchers can be found at:

The Pacific Science Association's Coral Reef Researchers of the World
(contact Lu Eldredge at psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org)

and

International Society of Reef Studies
(contact Callum Roberts at cr10@york.ac.uk)

Many thanks...

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
| |
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program |
| Ocean Chemistry Division |
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory |
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
| Miami, Florida |
| USA |
| |
| Email: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov |
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov |
| |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 17 12:15:44 1997
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <aoctd@wizard.net>
From: "Tanya Dobrzynski" <aoctd@wizard.net>
Organization: American Oceans Campaign
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Mon, 17 Mar 1997 10:36:48 -0500
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Subject: more news from Capitol Hill
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Hi Folks,

Just wanted to give everyone a heads up that Congressman George
Miller (D-CA) introduced another concurrent resolution on coral reefs
aimed at stemming the effects of overfishing and destructive fishing
practices in coral reef areas.

You can obtain a copy of House Resolution 87 from the House Documents
room or the House Resources Committee ( minority staff). Please
encourage your U.S. Representatives to co-sponsor H. Res. 87.

I'm attaching a press release that AOC did to thank Congressman
Miller for his efforts. Please pass this on to any press that you
all have contact with or do your own. Thank you letters to
Congressman Miller would also be great as we'd like the
momentum on coral reefs to continue on Capitol Hill.

Thanks,

Tanya Dobrzynski
American Oceans Campaign
aoctd@wizard.net
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 17 12:45:10 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: dleone@aqua.ucsd.edu (Denise Leone)
Subject: coral reef parameters
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I wonder if anyone in the coral-list-community can help me with the following:

What I am looking for is daily (0000h, 0600h, 1200h and 1800h) and seasonal
(January, April, July, and October) cycles for temperature (air and water),
pH, salinity, oxygen concentrations and carbon dioxide concentrations
measured on a coral reef. I have been unable to find any current data
which is available in this format or any that are measured on the same reef
area.

Thank you in advance for any help that can be provided.

Denise Leone

Denise E. Leone
Instructor, Teacher Education and Outreach
Stephen Birch Aquarium-Museum
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD

Tel: (619) 534 5208
email: dleone@aqua.ucsd.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 17 23:32:29 1997
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 11:31:05 +0800 (HKT)
From: "PUT O. ANG" <b664714@mailserv.cuhk.edu.hk>
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Seeking Info on storm damage on coral reefs and corals
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970317092723.6442A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.93.970318111603.17565H-100000@hpg50a.csc.cuhk.edu.hk>
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We are developing some models on the effect of disturbance on corals and
coral reefs and would appreciate knowing if you have information on the
effect of storms. What we have found from the literature search are
information mainly on the general effect of storm damage, e.g. percentage
of reef destroyed, different types or growth forms of corals destroyed
etc. What we are looking for are more specific information, e.g. how
diferent growth forms, or species of corals respond to specific
intensity of wave force, physical impact of waves on corals etc. We would
appreciate if you could lead us to relevant literature on this subject, or
better still, if you could let us know where and how we could obtain data
on this.

Thank you very much and please reply to my email address listed below:

Put O. Ang, Jr.
Department of Biology
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shatin, NT
HONG KONG
Tel no. 852-2609-6133
Fax no. 852-2603-5646
email: put-ang@cuhk.edu.hk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 18 11:51:25 1997
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From: "Tanya Dobrzynski" <aoctd@wizard.net>
Organization: American Oceans Campaign
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 09:58:55 -0500
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Subject: yesterday's press release on H. Res. 87
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--Message-Boundary-3032
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Thanks to Susie Cochran for catching the misaken day of the week in
the press release I sent around yesterday announcing the introduction
of H. Res. 87 by Congressman Miller (D-CA). The day should be
Monday, March 17, not "Thursday."

I'm resending the press release with the correction made. Sorry
about any inconvenience.

--Tanya Dobrzynski
American Oceans Campaign
aoctd@wizard.net
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--Message-Boundary-3032--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 18 18:21:25 1997
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 18 Mar 97 21:50 LISBOA
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 21:50:56 +0000 (LISBOA)
From: Fernando Tempera <ztempera@fc.ul.pt>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: William Alevizon-Fax or E-mail address (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SCO.3.91.970318214927.22486B-100000@skull.cc.fc.ul.pt>
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Ive tried to find an E-mail address or a Fax number for Dr. William S.
Alevizon using several methods but till now I got nothing.
Can anyone help me?
I know, some years ago, he was associated with the Department of
Biological Sciences (Florida Institute of Technology). However, a couple
of days ago, Ive looked up the homepage of this Department and the name
of Dr. Alevizon seems to be nolonger in the list of scientists.
Thanks in advance for any help.

Greetings
Fernando Tempera

P.S.: Please answer to this E-mail address: <tempera@dop.uac.pt>

-----------------
Fernando Tempera
Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas
Universidade dos Aores
Cais de Santa Cruz
9900 Horta
Portugal

E-Mail: Tempera@dop.uac.pt

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 18 23:10:34 1997
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 17:20:08 -1000 (HST)
From: Rick Grigg <rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu>
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To: "PUT O. ANG" <b664714@mailserv.cuhk.edu.hk>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Seeking Info on storm damage on coral reefs and corals
In-Reply-To: <Pine.HPP.3.93.970318111603.17565H-100000@hpg50a.csc.cuhk.edu.hk>
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Dear Mr. Ang,

	For the effects of storm disturbance on the community structure of
coral reefs see: Dollar, S J. and G.W. Tribble. 1993. Recurrent storm
disturbance and recovery: a long term study of coral communities in
Hawaii. Coral Reefs. Vol. 12:223-233.
					Rick Grigg
					Department of Oceanography, UH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 18 23:40:34 1997
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 1997 23:06:36 -0500 (EST)
From: "E.N. Edinger" <edingeen@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral diversity and fish abundance
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Hello everyone. I'm looking for papers relating coral species diversity,
or live coral cover, to fish diversity, fish abundance, and/or fisheries
yields. More recent papers than Bell and Galzin (1984) are particularly
welcome! If you have been working on such a topic, please contact me!

Thanks -- Evan Edinger

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evan Edinger
Geology Department 				tel. (905) 525-9140 x24513
McMaster University				fax (905) 522-3141
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada			email: edinger@mcmaster.ca
L8S 4M1 CANADA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 19 04:44:33 1997
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Date: 	Wed, 19 Mar 1997 16:28:15 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
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Organization: Institute for Environmental Studies
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Subject: Scientific Leader Needed -- Reef Check Barbados
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

--------------33FB744B45DC
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A Reef Check group aiming for Barbados is looking for a scientific
leader as explained below. I have no info on logistical support. Any
volunteers? Pls contact Caroline directly with a cc: to me and if succes

Thanks,

Gregor Hodgson

caroline belgrave wrote:
>
> Dear Mr. Hodgson,
>
> The CYEN (Caribbean Youth Environmental Network) has agreed to work with
> the youth group of the Barbados Cultural Association of B.C. on REEF
> CHECk 1997. However we have not yet located a marine scientists to lead
> our team. As you mentioned earlier you could possibly assist us with
> locating a marine scientist for our survey in Barbados. Our tentative
> dates to be in Barbados are between August 14 and August 25, 1997.
>
> Regards,
>
> Caroline Belgrave, youth director
>
> B.C.A.B.C.
> P.O. box 33504, Surrey, B.C. V3T 5R5
> Tele: (604) 581 - 9291
> email: cbelgrav@direct.ca or abrathwaite@CCGATE.HAC.COM

--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environmental Studies, Research Centre
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
fax: (852) 2358-1582
tel: (852) 2358-8568

--------------33FB744B45DC
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From:	caroline belgrave <cbelgrav@direct.ca>
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Dear Mr. Hodgson,

The CYEN (Caribbean Youth Environmental Network) has agreed to work with
the youth group of the Barbados Cultural Association of B.C. on REEF
CHECk 1997. However we have not yet located a marine scientists to lead
our team. As you mentioned earlier you could possibly assist us with
locating a marine scientist for our survey in Barbados. Our tentative
dates to be in Barbados are between August 14 and August 25, 1997.

Regards,

Caroline Belgrave, youth director

B.C.A.B.C.
P.O. box 33504, Surrey, B.C. V3T 5R5
Tele: (604) 581 - 9291
email: cbelgrav@direct.ca or abrathwaite@CCGATE.HAC.COM

--------------33FB744B45DC--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 19 11:05:44 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ben Haskell <bhaskell@fknms.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: Storm disturbance on corals
Date: Wed, 19 Mar 1997 09:50:51 -0500
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Dear Mr. Ang:
Regarding your inquiry about the effects of storm disturbance on corals,
see E.A. Shinn. 1976. Coral Reef Recovery in Florida and the Persian Gulf,
Environmental Geology 1:241-254 and Pearson, R.G. 1981. Recovery and
recolonization of coral reefs. Marine Ecology-Progress Series
Sincerely,
Ben Haskell
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 19 13:54:04 1997
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 1997 11:58:23 -0800
Message-Id: <00004301.1235@nps.gov>
From: Tom_Schmidt@nps.gov (Tom Schmidt)
Subject: Re: Seeking Info on storm damage on coral reefs and corals
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "PUT O. ANG" <b664714@mailserv.cuhk.edu.hk>
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 Greetings!

 A recent source on storm damage on South Florida reefs is a paper by
 Lirman & Fong "Sequential storms cause zone specific damage on a reef
 in the northern Florida reef tract; evidence from Hurricane Andrew and
 the 1993 storm of the Century" Florida Scientist 59(1) 50-64, 1996.
 Perhaps some of the references will be more pertinent for your needs.

 Tom Schmidt, Marine Biologist
 South Florida Natural Resources Center
______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Seeking Info on storm damage on coral reefs and corals
Author: "PUT O. ANG" <b664714@mailserv.cuhk.edu.hk> at NP--INTERNET
Date: 3/18/97 11:31 AM

We are developing some models on the effect of disturbance on corals and
coral reefs and would appreciate knowing if you have information on the
effect of storms. What we have found from the literature search are
information mainly on the general effect of storm damage, e.g. percentage
of reef destroyed, different types or growth forms of corals destroyed
etc. What we are looking for are more specific information, e.g. how
diferent growth forms, or species of corals respond to specific
intensity of wave force, physical impact of waves on corals etc. We would
appreciate if you could lead us to relevant literature on this subject, or
better still, if you could let us know where and how we could obtain data
on this.

Thank you very much and please reply to my email address listed below:

Put O. Ang, Jr.
Department of Biology
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shatin, NT
HONG KONG
Tel no. 852-2609-6133
Fax no. 852-2603-5646
email: put-ang@cuhk.edu.hk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 19 14:11:30 1997
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 1997 12:48:46 -0800
From: Dennis Thoney <dthoney@idt.net>
Organization: Aquarium for Wildlife Conservation
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To: Fernando Tempera <ztempera@fc.ul.pt>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: William Alevizon-Fax or E-mail address (fwd)
References: <Pine.SCO.3.91.970318214927.22486B-100000@skull.cc.fc.ul.pt>
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Fernando Tempera wrote:
>
> Ive tried to find an E-mail address or a Fax number for Dr. William S.
> Alevizon using several methods but till now I got nothing.
> Can anyone help me?
> I know, some years ago, he was associated with the Department of
> Biological Sciences (Florida Institute of Technology). However, a couple
> of days ago, Ive looked up the homepage of this Department and the name
> of Dr. Alevizon seems to be nolonger in the list of scientists.
> Thanks in advance for any help.
>
> Greetings
> Fernando Tempera
>
> P.S.: Please answer to this E-mail address: <tempera@dop.uac.pt>
>
> -----------------
> Fernando Tempera
> Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas
> Universidade dos Aores
> Cais de Santa Cruz
> 9900 Horta
> Portugal
>
> E-Mail: Tempera@dop.uac.pt
> Bill's address is alevizon@igc.apc.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 19 15:54:38 1997
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 1997 14:02:39 -0500 (EST)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Cook Islands
In-Reply-To: <v03007801af55627256ef@[192.111.123.202]>
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As we see high SSTs migrating northward into the Cook Islands we are
wondering if anyone has heard of/seen bleaching there...especially
around Rarotonga --- SSTs have risen above 28 deg C there.

Al Strong
*****************************************************************************
 Alan E. Strong
Physical Scientist/Oceanographer Adj. Asst. Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711 Oceanography Department
 Camp Springs, MD 20233 Annapolis, MD 21402
	301-763-8102 410-293-6566 [v-mail]
 Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov strong@nadn.navy.mil
	FAX: 301-763-8020 FAX: 410-293-2137
 http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html
*****************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 19 17:32:27 1997
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 1997 16:11:32 +0500 (GMT)
From: "Fernando A. Zapata Rivera" <fazr@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Effects of aereal exposure on coral reefs
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970318225953.3816A-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
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Hello everyone:

	I am a marine ecologist from Colombia. My students and I have
recently been working on the effects on corals and coral community
structure of aereal exposures during extreme low tides in the Colombian
Pacific. We are trying to obtain background information on the subject,
but have found very little, even after a search in Aquatic Sciences and
Fisheries Abstracts from 1988 to 1995. From general books it appears that
this phenomenon is rather frequent in the Indo-Pacific, however, we have
not found studies on the impact of these events on coral communities.

	I would greatly appreciate receiving any information that you
might have on the subject, particularly references to previous work.
Reprints would be particularly appreciated since here in Colombia we do
not have a good library system.

Thanks for any help,

Fernando A. Zapata

==============================================================================
Fernando A. Zapata		 Ph.: (92) 339-3243
Departamento de Biologia	 Fax.: (92) 339-2440
Universidad del Valle International (+57-2)seven-digit number
Apartado Aereo 25360 E-Mail:fazr@biologia.univalle.edu.co
Cali, Colombia
==============================================================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 19 23:35:07 1997
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To: mahalo@haleakala.aloha.net
From: sos@aloha.net (Carl M. Stepath)
Subject: Clean Oceans '97
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The Clean Oceans '97 Conference will not only feature great speakers and
knowledgeable scientists, it will also start Reef Check on Kauai, Hawaii.
Many scientists such as Dr.'s Maragos, Grigg, C. Hunter, Tissot, and
Friedlander will be leading teams of local divers on a coral reef
monitoring data collection and workshop. For more information please
contact Save Our Seas or call 800-767-4100. This workshop is open for
beginners to experts.

What a great way to celebrate Oceans Day and the International Year of the Reef!
Come join us if possible.

 Carl M. Stepath
 808-826-2525 / fax 826-7770
 http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 20 14:50:29 1997
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From: Teri Marsh <Teri.Marsh@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Return requested)
Subject: Mexico reefs
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 Hello

 does anybody have references (or good knowledge) of the extent to
 which Mexico's coral reefs are incoporated into Protected Areas, and
 any specifics of the management of these areas (who manages it, is it
 financially sustainable, types of activities allowed, etc.)

 If so, you can respond directly to me: Teri.Marsh@noaa.gov

 thanks very much.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 20 21:30:16 1997
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Subject: Benthic ecology meetings
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Can anyone send me information about this year's Benthic Ecology meeting?

Thanks in advance.

Tonya Snell

Dept. of Zoology and Physiology
LSU
Baton Rouge, LA 70803

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 21 07:07:41 1997
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From: Nicoletta Riccardi <riccardi@UNIVE.IT>
Organization: Universita' Ca' Foscari Venezia
Subject: [MARINE-L:1742] Global Directory of Marine and Freshwater
 Scientists
To: EMIN-L@NIC.SURFNET.NL

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>To: Multiple recipients of list <marine-l@cgc.ns.ca>
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>Subject: Global Directory of Marine and Freshwater Scientists
>Date: 18 March 1997 1:36PM
>
>Dear All
>
>The last directory of people working in marine and freshwater related
>disciplines was published by Unesco in 1983.
>
>As part of our work in marine information management with the
>Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and the International
>Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centres
>(IAMSLIC), we would like to compile a new directory. The most obvious way
>is online and so we have set up a web based Directory. We will of
>course have to derive other methods for collection of data to pick up those
>who do not have access to the Web but we thought we should try the Web
>approach first
>
>The database has some 700 entries at the moment, and it is just waiting for
>all of you to input your details. We are making this request worldwide,
>so that eventually it will become THE online finding tool for those working
>in marine and freshwater related disciplines and those seeking contract
>partners, co-authors, reviewers, specialists etc.
>
>PLEASE input your details it will take no more than a few minutes. The data
>will be validated and loaded within a day or so.
>
>You will find a general GLODIR page (with links to input and search pages
>on)
>
>http://www.unesco.org/ioc/infserv/glodir.htm
>
>The input form can be found on:
>
>http://www.unesco.org/ioc/isisdb/html/glod.htm
>
>
>If you belong to any appropriate listservs please forward this request.
>
>thanks so much for your help .
>
>
>Pauline
>
>
>
>
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
> --
>Pauline Simpson
>Southampton Oceanography Centre
>European Way, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, UK
>
> Tel: 44-(0)1703-596111: Fax 44-(0)1703-596115
>Internet : pauline.simpson@soc.soton.ac.uk:
>
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

 PLEASE, NOTE THE NEW E-MAIL ADDRESS

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre *
 * Kuda Laut Project *
 * P.O. Box 1535 *
 * Manado 95001 *
 * North Sulawesi *
 * Indonesia *
 * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100 *
 * E mail: kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id *
 * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 21 15:19:29 1997
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 "\"CORAL LIST (E-mail)\"@UNKNOWN.DOMAIN" <coral-list%reef.aoml.noaa.gov%SAKACS00.BITNET@cunyvm.cuny.edu>
Subject: RE: Re: Seeking Info on storm damage on coral reefs and corals
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Fong and Lirman (1995). Hurricanes cause population Expansion of the branching coral Acropora palmata (Scleractinia): Wound healing and growth patterns of asexual recruits. P.S.Z.N.I.: Marine Ecology 1(4):317-335.

Lirman and Fong (1996). Patterns of damage to the branching coral Acropora palmata following hurricane Andrew: Damage and survivorship of Hurricane generated asexual recruits. J. Coastal Res. 12(2):....

Lirman and Fong (1996). Sequential storms cause zone-specific damage
on a reef in the northern Florida reef tract: Evidence from hurricane Andrew and the 1993 storm of the century. Florida Scientist (59(1):50-64

Yusef Fadlallah
Research Institute
KFUPM
Dhahran, 31261
Saudi Arabia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 21 16:55:12 1997
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Dear All,
 I am trying to locate Dr. Erich Mueller. The last e-mail address I
had for him is emueller@mote.org which doesn't seem to be active. If any
one has his current e-mail and street address would you please send it my
way.

Roshanr@mail.utexas.edu

Thanks in advance,

Roshan Roy
Dept. of Zoology, Box # 245
The University of Texas at Austin
Austin, Tx 78712

(512) 471-7473

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From: Alexander M Kerr <alexander.kerr@yale.edu>
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To: "PUT O. ANG" <put-ang@cuhk.edu.hk>
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Subject: Re: Storm damage on coral reefs: references
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On Tue, 18 Mar 1997, PUT O. ANG wrote:

>
> We are developing some models on the effect of disturbance on corals and
> coral reefs and would appreciate knowing if you have information on the
> effect of storms.

>snip

> Thank you very much and please reply to my email address listed below:
>
> Put O. Ang, Jr.
> Department of Biology
> The Chinese University of Hong Kong
> Shatin, NT
> HONG KONG
> Tel no. 852-2609-6133
> Fax no. 852-2603-5646
> email: put-ang@cuhk.edu.hk
>

Dear Dr. Ang,

Below are most of the references ive found on the influence of tropical
cyclonic storms on coral reefs. Youll find that most of the data is
qualitative or pre- and post-storm surveys of small areas. After 12
years, David Stoddart's appeal for systematic, multiscale investigations
of hurricane effects has gone largely unheeded. One reason for this is
perhaps demography: severe hurricanes are uncommon in areas with high
densities of marine biologists. But I think that the greatest obstacle to
a better understanding of the biological effects of storms has been a
reluctance to learn the meteorology, wave modelling, physics, etc. I
think the best work in this direction is by Terry Done and colleagues
(Done, various years; Massel and Done 1993; Done and Potts).

Orthogonally,

alx

Alexander M. Kerr
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Osborn Memorial Laboratories
Yale University
New Haven CT 06520-8104
Tel:2037727946
Fax:2034323854
alexander.kerr@yale.edu
mamulan@minerva.cis.yale.edu

Andres, N. G. and J. D. Witman. 1995. Trends in community structure on a
Jamaican reef. Marine Ecology Progress Series 118: 305-310.

Aronson, R. B. 1992. The effects of geography and hurricane disturbance on
a tropical predator-prey interaction. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology 162: 15-33.

Aronson, R. B. 1993. Hurricane effects on backreef echinoderms of the
Caribbean. Coral Reefs 12: 139-142.

Aronson, R. B. 1994. Scale-independent biological processes in the marine
environment. Oceanography and Marine Biology 32: 435-460.

Aronson, R. B. 1995. Landscape patterns of reef coral diversity: a test of
the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Journal of Marine Biology and
Ecology 192: 1-14.

Aronson, R. B., K. P. Sebens and J. P. Ebersole. 1992. Hurricane HugoUs
impact on Salt River submarine canyon, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.

Ball, M. M., E. A. Shinn and K. W. Stockman. 1967. The geological effects
of Hurricane Donna in south Florida. Journal of Geology 75: 583-597.

Beecher, H. A. 1973. Effects of a hurricane on a shallow-water population
of damselfish, Pomacentrus variabilis. Copeia 1973: 613-615.

Blair, S. M., T. L. McIntosh and B. J. Mostkoff. 1994. Impacts of
Hurricane Andrew on the offshore reef systems of central and northern Dade
County, Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science 54: 961-973.

Bythell, J. C., M. Bythell and E. H. Gladfelter. 1993a. Initial results of
a long-term coral reef monitoring program: impact of Hurricane Hugo at
Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 172: 171-183.

Bythell, J. C., E. H. Gladfelter and M. Bythell. 1993b. Chronic and
catastrophic natural mortality of three common Caribbean reef corals.
Coral Reefs 12: 143-152.

Connell, J. H. 1972. Community interactions on marine rocky intertidal
shores. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3: 169-192.

Connell, J. H. 1973. Population ecology of reef-building corals. Pages
205-245 in O. A. Jones and R. Endean, eds. Biology and Geology of Coral
Reefs, Volume II: Biology. Academic Press, New York, New York, U.S.A.

Cooper, M. J. 1966. Destruction of marine flora and fauna in Fiji caused
by the hurricane of February 1965. Pacific Science 20: 137-141.

Denny, M. W., T. L. Daniel and M. A. R. Koehl. 1985. Mechanical limits to
size in wave-swept organisms. Ecology 55: 69-102.

Dollar, S. J. and G. W. Tribble. 1993. Recurrent storm disturbance and
recovery: a long-term study of coral communities in Hawaii. Coral Reefs
12: 223-233.

Done, T. J. 1992a. Effects of tropical cyclone waves on ecological and
geomorphological structures on the Great Barrier Reef. Continental Shelf
Research 12: 223-233.

Done, T. J. 1992b. Constancy and change in some Great Barrier Reef coral
communities: 1980-1990. American Zoologist 32: 655-662.

Done, T. J. and D. C. Potts. 1992. Influences of habitat and natural
disturbances on contributions of massive Porites corals to reef
communities. Marine Biology 114: 479-493.

Edmunds, P. J. and J. D. Witman. 1991. Effect of Hurricane Hugo on the
primary framework of a reef along the south shore of St. John, US Virgin
Islands. Marine Ecology Progress Series 78: 201-204.

Emanuel, K. A. 1987. The dependence of hurricane intensity on climate.
Nature 326: 483-485.

Emanuel, K. A. 1988. The maximum intensity of hurricanes. Journal of the
Atmospheric Sciences 45: 1143-1155.

Emery, 1962. Marine Geology of Guam. Geological Survey Professional Papers
403-B: 1-76.

Fenner, D. P. 1991. Effects of Hurricane Gilbert on Coral Reefs, fishes
and sponges at Cozumel, Mexico. Bulletin of Marine Science 48: 719-730.

Flood, P. G. and J. S. Jell. 1977. The effect of cyclone RDavidS (January,
1976) on the sediment distribution patterns on Heron Reef, Great Barrier
Reef, Australia. Proceedings of the Third International Coral reef
Symposium 1: 119-125.

Fong, P. and D. Lirman. 1994. Damage and recovery on a coral reef
following Hurricane Andrew. Research & Exploration 10: 246-248.

Glynn, P. W., L. R. Almod
Goreau, T. F. 1964. Mass expulsion of zooxanthellae from Jamaican reef
communities after Hurricane Flora. Science 145: 383-386.

Grigg, R. W. 1983. Community structure, succession and development of
coral reefs in Hawaii. Marine Ecology Progress Series 11: 1-14

Harmelin-Vivien, M. L. and P. Laboute. 1986. Catastrophic impact of
hurricanes on atoll outer reef slopes in the Tuamotu (French Polynesia).
Coral Reefs 5: 55-62.

Highsmith, R. C., A. C. Riggs and C. M. DUAntonio. 1980. Survival of
hurricane-generated coral fragments and a disturbance model of reef
calcification/growth rates. Oecologia 46: 322-329.

Hobson, E., J. Chess and D. Howard. 1995. Anomalous damage inflicted by
Hurricane Iniki on a Hawaiian coral reef. Bulletin of Marine Science 57:
495-500.

Hoffman, R. J. 1986. Variation in contributions of asexual reproduction to
the genetic structure of populations of the sea anemone Metridium senile.
Evolution 40: 357-365.

Holt, R. D. 1993. Ecology at the mesoscale: the influence of regional
processes on local communities. Pages 77-88 in D. Schluter and R. E.
Ricklefs, editors, Species Diversity in Ecological Communities: Historical
and Geographical Perspectives. University of Chicago Press, Chicago,
Illinois, USA.

Hubbard, D. K. 1992. Hurricane-induced sediment transport in open-shelf
tropical systems-an example from St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Journal
of Sedimentary Petrology 62: 946-960.

Hubbard, D. K., K. M. Parsons, J. C. Bythell and N. D. Walker. 1991. The
effects of Hurricane Hugo on the reefs and associated environments of St.
Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands-a preliminary assessment. Journal of Coastal
Research 8: 33-48.

Hunter, C. H. 1993. Genotypic variation and clonal structure in coral
populations with different disturbance histories. Evolution 47:
1213-1228.

JTWC (Joint Typhoon Warning Center). 1991. Tropical cyclones affecting
Guam (1671-1990). United States Naval Oceanographic Command Center/Joint
Typhoon Warning Center Technical Note 91-2.

Jackson, J. B. C. 1986. Modes of dispersal of clonal benthic
invertebrates: consequences for speciesU distributions and genetic
structure of local populations. Bulletin of Marine Science 39: 588-606.

Jackson, J. B. C. 1991. Adaptation and diversity of coral reefs.
Bioscience 41: 475-482.

Jury, S. H., W. H. Howell and W. H. Watson III. 1995. Lobster movements in
response to a hurricane. Marine Ecology Progress Series 119: 305-310.

Karlson, R. H. 1991. Fission and the dynamics of genets and ramets in
clonal cnidarian populations. Hydrobiologica 216/217: 235-240.

Kaufman, L. S. 1983. Effects of Hurricane Allen on reef fish assemblages
near Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Coral Reefs 2: 43-47.

Knowlton, N. and J. C. Lang. 1981. Evidence for delayed mortality in
hurricane-damaged Jamaican staghorn corals. Nature 294: 251-252.

Kobluk, D. R. and M. A. Lysenko. 1992. Storm feature on a southern
Caribbean fringing coral reef. Palaios 7: 213-221.

Kobluk, D. R. and M. A. Lysenko. 1993. Hurricane effects on shallow-water
cryptic reef molluscs, Fiji Islands. Journal of Paleontology 67: 798-815.

Kohn, A. J. 1980. Populations of tropical intertidal gastropods before and
after a typhoon. Micronesica 16: 215-228.

Laboute, P. 1985. Evaluation o damage done by the cyclones of 1982-1983 to
the outer slopes of the Tikehau and Takapoto Atolls. Proceedings of the
Fifth International Coral Reef Congress 3: 323-329.

Levin, S. A. 1992. The problem of pattern and scale in ecology. Ecology
73: 1943-1967.

Lirman, D. and P. Fong. 1995. The effects of Hurricane Andrew and Tropical
Storm Gordon on Florida reefs. Coral Reefs 14: 172.

Lirman, D. and P. Fong. 1996. Sequential storms cause zone-specific damage
on a reef in the northern Florida Reef tract: evidence from Hurricane
Andrew and the 1993 Storm of the Century. Florida Scientist 59: 50-64.

Mah, A. M. and C. W. Stearn. 1986. The effect of Hurricane Allen on the
Bellairs fringing reef, Barbados. Coral Reefs 4: 169-176.

Massel, S. R. and T. J. Done. 1993. Effects of cyclone waves on massive
coral assemblages on the Great Barrier Reef: meteorology, hydrodynamics
and demography. Coral Reefs 12: 153-166.

Miller, A. I., G. Llewellyn, K. M. Parsons, H. Cummins, M. R. Boardman, B.
J. Greenstein and D. K. Jacobs. 1992. Effect of Hurricane Hugo on
molluscan skeletal distributions, Salt River Cay, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin
Islands. Geology 20: 23-26.

Mitchell, J. F. B., S. Manatabe, V. Meleshko and T. Tokioka. 1990.
Equilibrium climate change and its implication for the future. Pages
131-164 in J. T. Houghton, G. J. Jenkins and Ephraums, editors, Climate
Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge UK.

Moran, D. P. and M. L. Reaka-Kudla. 1991. Effects of disturbance:
disruption and enhancement of coral reef cryptofaunal populations by
hurricanes. Coral Reefs 9: 215-224.

Ogg, J. G. and J. A. Koslow. 1978. The impact of Typhoon Pamela (1976) on
GuamUs coral reefs and beaches. Pacific Science 32: 105-118.

Pfeffer, R. A. and G. W. Tribble. 1985. Hurricane effects on an aquarium
fish fishery in the Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Fifth
International Coral Reef Congress 3: 331-336.

Randall, R. H. and L. G. Eldredge. 1977. Effects of Typhoon Pamela on the
coral reefs of Guam. Proceedings of the Third International Coral Reef
Symposium 1?: 525-531.

Rogers, C. S., L. N. McLain and C. R. Tobias. 1991. Effects of Hurricane
Hugo (1989) on a coral reef in St. John, USVI. Marine Ecology Progress
Series 78: 189-199.

Rogers, C. S., M. Gilnack and H. C. Fritz III. 1983. Monitoring of coral
reefs with linear transects: a study of storm damage. Journal of
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 66: 285-300.

Rogers, C. S., T. H. Suchanek and F. A. Pecora. 1982. Effects of
Hurricanes David and Frederic (1979) on shallow Acropora palmata reef
communities: St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Bulletin of Marine Science
32: 532-548.

Scoffin, T. P. 1993. The geological effects of hurricanes on coral reefs
and the interpretation of storm deposits. Coral Reefs 12: 203-221.

Sebens, K. P. and B. L. Thorne. 1985. Coexistence of clones, clonal
diversity, and the effects of disturbance. Pages 357-398 in J. B. C.
Jackson, L. W. Buss and R. E. Cook, editors, Population Biology and
Evolution of Clonal Organisms. Yale University Press, New Haven
Connecticut, USA.

Stoddart, D. R. 1962. Catastrophic storm effects on the British Honduras
reefs and cays. Nature 196: 512-515.

Stoddart, D. R. 1965. Re-survey of hurricane effects on the British
Honduras reefs and cays. Nature 207: 589-593.

Tilmant, J. T., R. W. Curry, R. Jones, A. Szmant, J. C. Zieman, M. Flora,
M. B. Robblee, D. Smith, R. W. Snow and H. Wanless. 1994. Hurricane
AndrewUs Effects on Marine Resources. Bioscience 44: 230-237.

Tribble, G. W., L. J. Bell and J. T. Moyer. 1982. Subtidal effects of a
large typhoon on Miyake-jima, Japan. Publication of the Seto Marine
Biological Laboratory 27: 1-10.

Van Woesik, R., A. M. Ayling and B. Mapstone. 1991. Impact of Tropical
Cyclone TIvorU on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Journal of Coastal
Research 7: 551-558.

Vos, P., R. Hoger, M. Bleeker, M. Reijans, T. van de Lee, M. Hornes, A.
Frijter, J. Pot, J. Peleman, M. Kulper and M. Zabeau. 1995. AFLP: a new
technique for DNA fingerprinting. Nucleic Acids Research 23: 4407-4414.

Walsh, W. J. 1983. Stability of a coral reef fish community following a
catastrophic storm. Coral Reefs 2: 49-63.

Williams, A. H. 1984. The effects of Hurricane Allen on back reef
populations of Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Journal of Experimental Marine
Biology and Ecology 75: 233-243.

Witman, J. D. 1992. Physical disturbance and community structure of
exposed and protected reefs: a case study from St. John, U.S. Virgin
Islands. American Zoologist 32: 641-654.

Woodley, J. D. 1992. The incidence of hurricanes on the north coast of
Jamaica since 1870: are the classic reef descriptions atypical?
Hydrobiologica 247: 133-138.

Woodley, J. D., E. A. Chornesky, P. A. Clifford, J. B. C. Jackson, L. S.
Kaufman, N. Knowlton, J. C. Lang, M. P. Pearson, J. W. Porter, M. C.
Rooney, K. W. Rylaarsdam, V. J. Tunnicliffe, C. M. Wahle, J. L. Wulff, A.
S. G. Curtis, M. D. Dallmeyer, B. P. Jupp, M. A. R. Koehl, J. Neigel and
E. M. Sides. 1981. Hurricane AllenUs impact on Jamaican coral reefs. 214:
749-755.

Wulff, J. L. 1995. Effects of a hurricane on survival and orientation of
large erect coral reef sponges. Coral Reefs 14: 55-61.

Ziegler, A. M., J. M. Parrish, Y. Jiping, E. D. Gyllenhaal, D. B. Rowley,
J. T. Parrish, N. Shangyou, A. Bekker and M. L. Hulver. 1993. Early
Mesozoic phytogeography and climate. Philosophical Transactions of the
Royal Society, London 341B: 297-305.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 24 14:05:33 1997
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Date: Mon, 24 Mar 1997 16:51:57 GMT
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: tempera@dop.uac.pt (Fernando Tempera)
Subject: underwater tape recorder
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Hi there,
I am a Portuguese student of Marine Biology from the University of Lisbon
(Portugal).
At the moment I am preparing the field work for my graduation thesis, which
will focus on the fish assemblages occuring in five small marine areas
(interesting for conservation) located in the archipelago of the Azores.
After reading several articles related to methods of recording the
information (species, number, size and sex of fishes observed) underwater I
became very interested in using an Underwater Tape Recorder (UTR).
The problem is I cannot find any reference to where I could buy such device,
how much it presently costs, which kind of breathing apparatus it requires, etc.
I have already tried several search engines in the internet and already
contacted the authors of the articles where such device is used. However,
till now I didnt manage to get much information.
So if any of you have any information you find useful to me please let me know.
Besides this "commercial" problem I would also like hear from those of you
who have already used such device. Please tell me about some good/bad
experiences, recomendations, alerts, etc.
I will begin my field work within a couple of months so I do not have plenty
of time to get the (UTR).

I would be very thankful if any of you would be so kind to answer me as soon
as possible, sending me as much information as you can.

Thanks in advance.
Fernando Tempera

P.S.: Please reply to my E-mail address, which is <tempera@dop.uac.pt>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 24 16:12:03 1997
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From: Tom_Schmidt@nps.gov (Tom Schmidt)
Subject: Coral reef rept. publishers
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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 Please excuse cross-posting!

______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: Coral reef rept. publishers
Author: Tom Schmidt <Tom_Schmidt@NPS.GOV> at NP--INTERNET
Date: 3/20/97 4:53 PM

 Greetings all! I have recently completed a report on the scientific
 studies (mostly reef-associated studies from the old Carnegie Tortugas
 Marine lab) conducted at Dry Tortugas (National Park), Fl (An
 annotated bibliography - 424 cites). I would like to know if anyone
 is aware of any potential publishers for this type of report with
 color map(s) & several B&W photo's. "Sedimenta" at RSMAS (Univ. of
 Miami) has been suggested as a possibility...are there others? If so
 please contact me directly: Many thanks!

 Tom Schmidt, Marine Biologist

 E-mail: tom_schmidt@nps.gov
 phone: 305-242-7869

 South Florida Natural Resources Center
 40001 SR 9336
 Homestead, FL 33034

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 24 21:06:32 1997
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 1997 11:28:08 +0000 (WET)
From: Ernie Matson <eamatson@uog9.uog.edu>
To: Tom Schmidt <Tom_Schmidt@nps.gov>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Coral reef rept. publishers
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...

 "shoe box" data are especially valued by NOAA's new Coastal Ocean
Program..for more info, write Roz Cohen or Hank Frey at NOAA/NODC
hfrey@nodc.noaa.gov

cheers

Ernie Matson
Univ. of Guam
Marine Laboratory

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 25 08:43:38 1997
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 1997 07:23:40 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>, Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Pigeon Key Course deadline
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.95.970325071601.20359C-100000@ppp1.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
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Apologies for any cross listings.

A reminder to those interested in the following courses, the deadline for
the Advanced Courses in Tropical Marine Sciences is 28 March. FAXed
applications will be accepted to meet deadline.

Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key (Florida) Marine Research Center

1997 Courses

The Advanced Courses in Tropical Marine Sciences are designed for advanced
undergraduates and graduate students. They are open to both snorkelers and
SCUBA divers, except the Carbonate course (snorkeling only). Deadline for
applications: 28 March, 1997

Ecology and Behavior of the Florida Spiny Lobster 9-16 August, 1997
 Michael J. Childress, Ph.D., Idaho State University

Applied Research Methods in Carbonate Marine Geology 9-16 August, 1997
 Douglas W. Haywick, Ph.D., University of South Alabama

Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms 16-23 August, 1997
 Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., Tetra Tech, Inc.

Ecophysiology of Tropical Marine Algae: Nutrient Dynamics 16-23 August,1997
 Brian LaPointe, Ph.D., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution

One introductory level course is also available:

Introduction to Underwater Archaeology 20-24 July, 1997
 Diane Silvia Mueller, Cultural Resources
 Deadline for applications: 8 May, 1997.

For detailed info or application packets, contact:

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory FAX: (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL 33050

Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
 http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 26 12:33:23 1997
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From: KENNARD POTTS <POTTS.KENNARD@epamail.epa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: underwater tape recorder -Reply
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I recently purchased a system from "Ocean Technology
Systems" (OTS). It is called the "Buddy Phone". All you do is
take off the mouth piece from your second stage and replace
it with the special buddy phone mouth cup which contains a
microphone. You will also need the surface unit. This is a
multi channel portable surface station. The station has a
female RCA receptable, for connection to any type of
recording system. It has a "Mic Level" output.

Each diver unit has ear phone and microphone and runs for
about $400-$600 (US dollars)

The surface unit about $1,000 (US Dollars)

System is called the Buddy Phone STX-100.

You can also use the Aquacom (SSB-2001) single sideband
acoustic telephone if you are using full face AGA masks.

I have had great luck with these units.

Ocean Technology Systems are in Costa Mesa California, USA.
 Phone: (714) 754-7848
 FAX: (714) 966-1639

They may have distributors in Europe, but I do not know them.
They may even have a web site.

Good Diving,

Ken Potts

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 26 14:32:26 1997
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Date: 26 Mar 1997 13:42:17 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: underwater tape recorder
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 Reply to: RE>underwater tape recorder -Reply

OTS also has (or had) a similar system that is designed stricly for underwater
recording. It uses the same mouth piece and microphone, but instead of a
transceiver in an underwater housing it comes with a tape recorder in a
housing.

I've had good luck with the commercial version of the system Ken described.

Mark

--------------------------------------
Date: 3/26/97 12:54 PM
To: Mark Eakin
From: KENNARD POTTS
I recently purchased a system from "Ocean Technology
Systems" (OTS). It is called the "Buddy Phone". All you do is
take off the mouth piece from your second stage and replace
it with the special buddy phone mouth cup which contains a
microphone. You will also need the surface unit. This is a
multi channel portable surface station. The station has a
female RCA receptable, for connection to any type of
recording system. It has a "Mic Level" output.

Each diver unit has ear phone and microphone and runs for
about $400-$600 (US dollars)

The surface unit about $1,000 (US Dollars)

System is called the Buddy Phone STX-100.

You can also use the Aquacom (SSB-2001) single sideband
acoustic telephone if you are using full face AGA masks.

I have had great luck with these units.

Ocean Technology Systems are in Costa Mesa California, USA.
 Phone: (714) 754-7848
 FAX: (714) 966-1639

They may have distributors in Europe, but I do not know them.
They may even have a web site.

Good Diving,

Ken Potts

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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 27 13:29:59 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: exhibits at the Miami International Airport
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"Nuestros Arrecifes/Unidos por el Caribe; Our Reefs/Caribbean Connections",
the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's bilingual (Spanish/English)
traveling coral reef conservation exhibit, together with two 1OO-gallon
reef aquaria and the United States Information Agency's "Fragile Ring of
Life" video, are on display at the Miami International Airport from Feb 7-
May 7, 1997. Anyone who is passing through the airport during this
interval is invited to visit the exhibits, which are located near Gate E5
in the lower level of the International Concourse.

For more information, contact:
jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 27 16:44:12 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: iclarm@caribsurf.com (ICLARM Caribbean/E. Pacific Office)
Subject: larval Caribbean reef fish
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Dear all,

Does anyone know of any descriptions or keys for Caribbean larval / early
juvenile reef fish? Please reply direct to iclarm@caribsurf.com

many thanks,

Maggie Watson
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3233, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-809-494 5681(office hours) or 1-809-499 2199 (mobile - any time)
Fax: 1-809-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm@caribsurf.com
============================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 1 10:40:41 1997
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From: "Amos Winter" <a_winter@RUMAC.UPR.CLU.EDU>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 1 Apr 1997 10:33:06 -400
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Subject: coral growth and temperature
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Dear Colleagues:

I am interested in any research which addresses specifically the
relationship between coral growth and water temperature. So far my
hunt for references on this subject has not been fruitful. Any leads
would be greatly appreciated.

Amos Winter

Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
PO Box 5000
Mayaguez, PR 00681-5000
Tel: (787) 265-5416; Fax: (787) 265-2195

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 1 10:49:55 1997
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Date: Mon, 31 Mar 1997 17:44:11 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <cmcnutt@mote.org>
To: Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>, Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Pigeon Key courses
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.95.970331173542.13927E-100000@ppp1.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
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Apologies for any cross listings.

Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key Marine Research Center
1997 Course Update

Esther Peters' course, Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms
(16-23 August, 1997) has been filled although applications will be
accepted for wait listing. There is some space available in the other
courses (below) so the deadline for applications has been extended until
18 April, 1997 (one-time only extension).

	Applied Research Methods in Carbonate Marine Geology
 		9-16 August, 1997
 		Douglas W. Haywick, Ph.D., University of South Alabama

	Ecology and Behavior of the Florida Spiny Lobster
 		9-16 August, 1997
 		Michael J. Childress, Ph.D., Idaho State University

	Ecophysiology of Tropical Marine Algae: Nutrient Dynamics
 		16-23 August, 1997
 		Brian LaPointe, Ph.D., Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution

The deadline for the following introductory level course remains the same
(8 May, 1997).

	Introduction to Underwater Archaeology
		20-24 July, 1997
 		Diane Silvia Mueller, Cultural Resources

For more information or application materials:

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Mote Marine Laboratory		 Phone: (305) 289-4282
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center FAX: (305) 289-9664
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL 33050

Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 1 11:24:15 1997
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Date: Tue, 1 Apr 1997 10:12:57 -0500
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: bob adams <bobadams@mhv.net>
Subject: coral enhancement
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Where would I begin to look for what's been done in making discreet,
bubble-like environments to help coral over barriers it faces as it grows?
Talking more than microbubble analogs; more like complex bubble-like
environments to function as predator barriers,
timed nutrient sources, etc.

I'd appreciate your help.

Bob Adams
bobadams@mhv.net

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 1 12:33:00 1997
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Date: Tue, 1 Apr 1997 11:36:49 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Amos Winter <a_winter@rumac.upr.clu.edu>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: corals & temperature
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970401105942.1443A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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For starters, try these:

Atwood,-D.K.; Hendee,-J.C.; Mendez,-A. 1992. An assessment of
	global warming stress on Caribbean coral reef
	ecosystems. Bull. Mar. Sci. 51(1): 118-130.

Cook,-C.B.; Logan,-A.; Ward,-J.; Luckhurst,-B.; Berg,-
 C.J.,Jr. Elevated temperatures and bleaching on a high
 latitude coral reef: The 1988 Bermuda event. CORAL-
 REEFS. 1990. vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 45-49.

Gates,-R.D. Seawater temperature and sublethal coral
 bleaching in Jamaica. CORAL-REEFS. 1990. vol. 8, no. 4,
 pp. 193-197.

Jokiel,-P.L.; Coles,-S.L. Response of Hawaiian and other
 Indo-Pacific reef corals to elevated temperature.
 CORAL-REEFS. 1990. vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 155-162.

...then check their references, etc. There are probably some newer
references, too.

	Cheers,

	JCH

On Tue, 1 Apr 1997, Amos Winter wrote:

> Date: Tue, 1 Apr 1997 10:33:06 -400
> From: Amos Winter <a_winter@RUMAC.UPR.CLU.EDU>
> To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: coral growth and temperature
>
> Dear Colleagues:
>
> I am interested in any research which addresses specifically the
> relationship between coral growth and water temperature. So far my
> hunt for references on this subject has not been fruitful. Any leads
> would be greatly appreciated.
>
>
> Amos Winter
>
> Department of Marine Sciences
> University of Puerto Rico
> PO Box 5000
> Mayaguez, PR 00681-5000
> Tel: (787) 265-5416; Fax: (787) 265-2195
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 1 13:36:40 1997
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Date: Tue, 1 Apr 1997 13:37:24 -0500 (EST)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: James Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral and t
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Try Brown, B. 1996. Adv Mar. Biol. "Adaptations of reef corals to physical
environmental stress. Cheers.

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/893-9100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/893-9109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 2 16:26:53 1997
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Date: Wed, 02 Apr 1997 20:26:35 +0100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
Subject: Algal Growth
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Hello all,

As part of my PhD I plan to take regular measurements of algal community
biomass occurring on experimental settlement plates in order to obtain a
measure of algal growth. However, since there will surely be several
colonising species, will the change in mass ultimately reflect community
growth? Perhaps mass variation will simply be due to the effects of algal
succession during the study period, and thus the change in mass will simply
be the sum of individual growth rates arising within the succession.

I would be extremely grateful if I could have some feedback on this.

Thanks a lot.

Cassian Edwards...please reply to c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk

**********************************************************
* Cassian Edwards, *
* School of Biological Sciences, *
* Queen Mary and Westfield College (London University), *
* Mile End Road, *
* E1 4NS, *
* England. *
* *
* Telephone: +44 171 775 3200 (ext 4121) *
* Fax: +44 181 983 0973 *
* email: c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk *
**********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 04:57:54 1997
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Date: Thu, 03 Apr 1997 16:36:00 -0800 (PST)
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com>
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Dear Coral-listers:

We just finished the first test training for the ReefBase Aquanaut System.
 The training went well and Master Instructors 1 through 4 were certified to
teach divers to gather ecological data on reefs.

One immediate problem, however, is that our Nalgene paper becomes soggy
after 10 minutes and is then hard to write on with a pencil.

Does anyone out there know of any better underwater paper?

Sincerely,

Dr John McManus
ReefBase Project Leader
Aquatic Environments Program
Email: <j.mcmanus@cgnet.com>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 11:32:18 1997
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Date: Thu, 3 Apr 1997 10:39:17 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ben Richards <blrF94@hampshire.edu>
Subject: Summer internships
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To whom it may concern -
	My name is Ben Richards. I am a Junior at Hampshire College
located in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. I am majoring in Marine Ecology
with a focus on Tropical Marine Ecosystems, specifically Coral Reefs and
their resident fish populations. As the semester is drawing to a close I
am putting out a general bulletin informing all interested parties that I
am looking for internship possibilities for the summer of 1997. I have a
couple of options/offerings from people in more northern climes but, as my
focus is in Tropical ecosystems, I am looking to move a little father
south. An ideal program would include both the opportunity to take part in
ongoing studies as well as the opportunity to engage in research of my own
which will form the backbone of my senior thesis. I look forward to
working with others on my thesis and hope to be able to discuss my ideas
with those currently engaging in similar research.
	I have a solid background in both field research methods and course
based knowledge. My field research knowledge has been gained through
independent research projects including a two month study of physical
factors affecting the abundance of the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense
in two Puerto Rican embayments, as well as through previous internships
including a three month appointment at the University of Washington Friday
Harbor Marine Laboratory where I worked with Dr. Todd Anderson on a study
of various factors affecting the recruitment rate of copper rockfish in the
Nereocystis beds off the San Juan Islands.
	As mentioned earlier, my course based knowledge in the marine
sciences is also quite strong and is currently being augmented through
courses I am taking at the Duke University Marine Lab and at the Bermuda
Biological Station for Research. I would be happy to forward both my
resume and letters of recommendation to any interested parties.

 Respectfully yours,
 =-) Ben

Ben Richards
c/o Bermuda Biological Station for Research
Ferry Reach
St. George's GE01
Bermuda

brichards@hampshire.edu
http://hampshire.edu/~blrF94/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 14:02:15 1997
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Date: Thu, 3 Apr 1997 12:52:21 -0500 (EST)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: mpb5@cornell.edu (Michael Black)
Subject: Waterproof Paper
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I recommend not using paper at all. I've found that there is no such thing
as water-proof paper. When we survey reefs, we use PVC plastic slates. If
you buy a big thin sheet, cut it yourself, sand the edges, and drill a
little hole to tie a string for the pencil or to tie it to your BC. Making
slates is fairly cheap, and it works well. You can custom cut them to the
size and shape you want, and you can put a permanent template on them with
a permanent marker. If the PVC is too shiny to write on, sand down the
front and back a little. Denser PVC tends to sink, and lighter PVC floats.
You may buy small pieces to test them out in salt water. Or, if you don't
want to go through the hassle, you can buy slates from a company.
 If you want the reef survey on paper and have access to a
photocopier, you can photocopy the slates when you get back to dry land or
you can do it the old-fashioned way and transfer the data by hand. Hope
your project goes well!

 :) Michael
>Dear Coral-listers:
>
>We just finished the first test training for the ReefBase Aquanaut System.
> The training went well and Master Instructors 1 through 4 were certified to
>teach divers to gather ecological data on reefs.
>
>One immediate problem, however, is that our Nalgene paper becomes soggy
>after 10 minutes and is then hard to write on with a pencil.
>
>Does anyone out there know of any better underwater paper?
>
>Sincerely,
>
>Dr John McManus
>ReefBase Project Leader
>Aquatic Environments Program
>Email: <j.mcmanus@cgnet.com>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 14:41:36 1997
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Date: 	Thu, 3 Apr 1997 08:20:50 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Brian N. Tissot" <tissot@hawaii.edu>
Subject: Waterproof Paper
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Regarding waterproof paper for underwater data collection:

We use Xerox Never-Tear Paper (Reorder # 3R3118). It is very tough and never
gets soggy. You can photocopy directly on it or use a laser printer. Two
drawbacks are that the ink comes off if repeatedly rubbed by hands or gloves
or if the paper is not held down firmly. It is also quite expensive ($0.50 a
sheet, less when ordered in larger quantities). However, it works well in
Hawai'i under a wide variety of conditions.

Aloha -- Brian Tissot
========================================
 BRIAN TISSOT
 Associate Professor of Marine Biology
 Kalakaua Marine Education Center
 and Marine Science Department
 University of Hawaii at Hilo
 200 West Kawili Street
 Hilo, HI 96720-4091
 808-974-7630 (office)
 808-974-7383 (messages)
 FAX: 808-974-7693
 E-mail: Tissot@Hawaii.edu
 Web: http://www2.hawaii.edu/~tissot/
========================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 18:26:22 1997
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From: Alexander M Kerr <alexander.kerr@yale.edu>
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We used to use drafting mylar in lieu of waterproof paper. It comes in
huge rolls; i dont know how much it costs. I liked it better than slates
cuz in remote, xerox-less locations you didnt have to transcribe the data
to paper every night.

alx

Alexander M. Kerr
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Osborn Memorial Laboratories
Yale University
New Haven CT 06520-8104
Tel:2037727946
Fax:2034323854
alexander.kerr@yale.edu
mamulan@minerva.cis.yale.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 18:47:05 1997
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From: kclark@iu.net (Kerry Clark)
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John McManus wrote:
>Does anyone out there know of any better underwater paper?

 You might try Tyvek -- the stuff that builders use to wrap homes in -- I
save mailer envelopes made of the stuff and split them to get two pages.
Great for unfunded research....

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/metahome" -- "Bytes of Nature"

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 20:14:52 1997
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Alexander M Kerr wrote:
>
> We used to use drafting mylar in lieu of waterproof paper. It comes in
> huge rolls; i dont know how much it costs. I liked it better than slates
> cuz in remote, xerox-less locations you didnt have to transcribe the data
> to paper every night.

What do you use to write on the mylar? I've used permanent markers on
drafting mylar (topside) myself, but have never seen any that can be
written on with pencil. I normally use a large homemade PVC slate
underwater and then have to transcribe all my data between dives. This
sounds like a great option.

-Susie Cochran
--
**************************************************************************************
There is, one knows not what sweet mystery about this sea, whose gently
awful stirrings seem to speak of some hidden soul beneath. -Herman
Melville
***************************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 22:06:03 1997
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Date: Thu, 03 Apr 1997 18:19:48 -0800
From: ww_gardiner@ccmail.pnl.gov (William W Gardiner)
Subject: Re: Waterproof Paper
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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 We also use a water proof copier sheet. THIS STUFF IS GREAT!!! We
 xerox our data form or transect maps onto the paper, take it down, and
 write away. It doesn't tear, smear, the ink is permanent and it's
 easy to write on with pencil. Order information:

 Dura/Copy Waterproof Copier Sheets
 No. 6511
 J.L. Darling Corporation
 Tacoma, WA 98424-1017

 Good Luck

 Bill Gardiner
 Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory
 1529 West Sequim Bay Rd.
 Sequim, WA 98382

______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Waterproof Paper
Author: "Brian N. Tissot" <tissot@hawaii.edu> at -SMTPLink
Date: 4/3/97 8:20 AM

Regarding waterproof paper for underwater data collection:

We use Xerox Never-Tear Paper (Reorder # 3R3118). It is very tough and never
gets soggy. You can photocopy directly on it or use a laser printer. Two
drawbacks are that the ink comes off if repeatedly rubbed by hands or gloves
or if the paper is not held down firmly. It is also quite expensive ($0.50 a
sheet, less when ordered in larger quantities). However, it works well in
Hawai'i under a wide variety of conditions.

Aloha -- Brian Tissot
========================================
 BRIAN TISSOT
 Associate Professor of Marine Biology
 Kalakaua Marine Education Center
 and Marine Science Department
 University of Hawaii at Hilo
 200 West Kawili Street
 Hilo, HI 96720-4091
 808-974-7630 (office)
 808-974-7383 (messages)
 FAX: 808-974-7693
 E-mail: Tissot@Hawaii.edu
 Web: http://www2.hawaii.edu/~tissot/
========================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 3 23:46:30 1997
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Date: Thu, 3 Apr 1997 23:03:00 -0500 (EST)
From: Shane Paterson <cuda@arches.uga.edu>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Waterproof Paper
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On Thu, 3 Apr 1997, Michael Black wrote:

> I recommend not using paper at all. I've found that there is no such thing
> as water-proof paper. When we survey reefs, we use PVC plastic slates.

<snip>

I use that Nalgene waterproof paper but find it too difficult to use with
SCUBA (so confine it to snorkeling) and the whole clipboard-paper mess is
very frustrating to use in current (sometimes even on a calm day). Also,
mysterious black marks tend to appear on a piece of waterproof paper
flapping in an underwater breeze and sometimes the pencil marks are almost
impossible to read, as a result.

There's an "underwater pen" for sale at dive shops now, and they've
been marketing something that looks suspiciously like an "Etch-a-Sketch"
to divers for some time now, but I don't think I'll be switching from
"writing cuffs" any time soon. Writing cuffs, like slates, are decidely
low-tech, consisting of a length of PVC tubing (sanded to make the
graphite stick) with surgical tubing holding the contraption to one's
forearm. It's sort of like a tubular slate, but has the advantage of
being more streamlined and accessible, and offering more surface area than
most commerically-available slates. When I first started using one (I
carried one with me on field trips for two years before really giving it
a chance) I hated it, but now I wouldn't be without one on a dive.

						Shane Paterson

						cuda@arches.uga.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 4 06:27:02 1997
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From: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@nioz.nl>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Fri, 4 Apr 1997 12:25:48 +0200
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Good day to all of you,

I am trying to organize a ReefCheck in Sudan this summer. Not looking too good
as I just heard the rebels have entered from Erythrea and are heading for Port
Sudan...... well it is not August yet.

It would help for getting permission by the authorities if I could make this a
cooperation thing with scientists in the country. Does anyone know any
biologists / coral scientists in Sudan (i.e. Univ. of Karthum) or anywhere
else? I'd appriciate names and addresses. Thanks for your help.

Cheers, GJ.
===============================================
Gert Jan Gast <gjgast@NIOZ.NL>
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Department of Marine Ecology
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 4 10:04:39 1997
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From: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@nioz.nl>
To: Amanuel Melles <aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca>, aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Mussie Mozes <mussie@nioz.nl>,
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Subject: Re: Biologists in Sudan?
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> Date: Fri, 4 Apr 1997 08:10:58 -0500 (EST)
> From: Amanuel Melles <aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca>
> Reply-to: Amanuel Melles <aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca>
> Subject: Re: Biologists in Sudan?
> To: Gert Jan Gast <gjgast@nioz.nl>
> Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Mussie Mozes <mussie@nioz.nl>,
> Amanuel Melles <aa608@torfree.net>

Hi Amanuel,

You just send this message to over 700 people in the world by including the
coral-list. I don't think that is necessary. Please watch out which return
addresses your E-mail program picks. (Nothing personal, but this kind of thing
usually annoys me. We all get enough mails as it is.)

> Hi Gert,
>
> I'm an Eritrean marine ecologist. Please drop me a line in private for
> contact names and information about the latest conditions in Sudan.

Yes please.

> Your concern about security is something you've to consider seriously as
> part of your plan. It's April and fighting is heading towards Tokar!

Sorry to say, but I must admit that this part of the world started to get my
interest only 2 weeks ago. I am not very familiar with the geography. The best
I have here in the office is:
 http://www.columbia.edu/~tm146/pic/map.jpg

Can't find Tokar. I guess you mean the front in the south. I heard from our
Foreign Ministery this morning that the rebels entered from Eritrea trying to
get the east road, close the border. I think that place with Ka...... , close
to the border. Question is if they go west towards Karthum or North towards
Port Sudan. If they also get the other road..... I am slowly starting to get
the feeling that things whole idea may (literally unfortunately for the locals)
go up in smoke. But who knows, it isn't august yet.

>
> BTW, I had spent a resourceful time at NIOZ in 1990

Huh? I came here in September 1990. We're you stil here then and living in the
Potvis? Should I remember you?

>and now one of my
> ex-students is at NIOZ too. May be you can chat over coffee with Mussie.

Wonderful! I'll find him!

> I've included his email address and cc this message to him too.
>
> I'm also planning to carry out surveys as part of REEFCHECK this summer in
> Eritrea.

It is good you write. I just got Heinrich Bruggemans E-mail address in Eritrea.
I don't know if you know, but he is setting up a marine biological fieldstation
for a university in Eritrea in cooperation with the university in Groningen. I
asked him if he knew about ReefCheck and if he wanted to do anything there. I
was thinking of it as an alternative to Sudan. Are you aware that Moshira and
Gert (Cc's above) are coordinating ReefChecks in the Red Sea?

Is anybody planning a ReefCheck in Ethiopia?

Cheers, GJ
===============================================
Gert Jan Gast <gjgast@NIOZ.NL>
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Department of Marine Ecology
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674.

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Date: Fri, 4 Apr 1997 09:56:03 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Positions available with Coral Cay Conservation (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 03 Apr 97 20:46:44 GMT
From: Coral Cay Conservation <ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk>
To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Positions available with Coral Cay Conservation

 Expedition Science Staff Opportunities

Coral Cay Conservation (CCC) is seeking volunteer Expedition Science
Officers to manage tropical coastal marine survey programmes in Belize,
the Philippines and Indonesia.

CCC recruits teams of self-financing international volunteers to assist
with surveys of tropical marine ecosystems, utilising validated methods
designed by CCC for data acquisition, assimilation and synthesis in
support of coastal resource management.

The primary responsibilities of the Science Officer (SO) are to train
CCC Volunteers and local counterparts in marine life identification,
survey techniques and other supporting skills, and to coordinate and
report upon all field survey programmes.

The SO is fully briefed and trained by a more experienced member of
staff and has regular contact with CCC's UK-based Science Coordinator.
The SO position offers a unique opportunity to gain practical
experience teaching plus the organisation and management of varied
research projects.

The position of SO is a voluntary, non-salaried post and candidates are
required to spend a minimum of 3 months working on a CCC expedition.
Food, accommodation and basic maintenance costs are covered by CCC but
SO's are usually required to cover their own flight* and insurance
costs.

Minimum qualifications:
 Bachelors Degree in marine of biological sciences
 (preference will be given to candidates with a postgraduate
 degree in coral reef science). Candidates MUST have proven
 experience in coral reef research.
 PADI Advanced Open Water Diver qualification (or
 equivalent).
 Preference will be given to candidates with:
 - teaching experience;
 - certification in power boat operation;
 - good organisational and liaison skills.

Vacancies:
Positions are available throughout 1997 and beyond.

Applications:
Please send a full CV (including the names and addresses of at least
two referees) and covering letter to: Alastair Harborne (CCC Science
Coordinator) 154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK. email:
ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk. Fax: +44-(0)171-498-8447.

* CCC Trust Expedition Staff Scholarships
The Coral Cay Conservation Trust, a UK-registered charity, offers up
to four travel scholarships (to a maximum value of 500 each) annually
for candidates who have been accepted to participate as a member of
staff on a CCC expedition. Applications from candidates wishing to be
considered for a CCC Trust Expedition Staff Scholarship are considered
on a case-by-case basis.
--
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd. 154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)171 498 6248 Fax: +44 (0)171 498 8447 / 622 6126
E-Mail: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk | "Providing resources for the protection and
WWW: http://www.coralcay.org/ | sustainable use of coastal environments."

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 4 16:09:06 1997
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 97 15:10 EST
From: Deborah_G_DANAHER@umail.umd.edu (dd76)
Subject: Re: Re: Waterproof Paper
To: cochran@cats.ucsc.edu
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One hint on controlling
nalgene paper on a clipboard or pvc sheet is to use some of those plastic
holders for cheapo report covers to clip the paper edges to the clipboard.
Also, try using as soft a pencil as you can find. There are 100% graphite
pencils that work great - break 'em in half and tie to your slate and best of
all, they're negatively bouyant and won't float away. The graphite is soft
enough that you can sharpen them easily underwater. Yes, slates are easier to
write on, but I like being able to archive my original raw data. Now, if
there were a xerox machine at the research site so I could copy the slate, I'd
be happy. I've just seen too many transcription errors when data goes from a
slate to a notebook at the last minute so the slate can be re-used.

just my 2 cents,
Deborah------------ End Forwarded Message -------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 4 16:29:15 1997
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Date: Fri, 4 Apr 1997 13:24:08 -0500 (EST)
From: Shane Paterson <cuda@arches.uga.edu>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Waterproof Paper
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Just wanted to mention that, as far as I know, the writing cuff I
mentioned in a previous post was originally created by James Porter
(University of Georgia). It's definitely worth checking out if you're in
the market for a cheap and streamlined alternative to underwater paper or
bulky (or too diminutive) slates.

Shane Paterson

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 4 18:11:23 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Roshanr@mail.utexas.edu (Roshan Roy)
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Dear All,
 You should contact Dr. Randy Runnels at SeaPhD@aol.com, in Florida.
He runs a Marine Supply business which has a variety of top of the line
equipment and supplies including underwater paper and writing/clip boards.

Roshan Roy

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 4 19:00:31 1997
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From: "Steven Gustafson" <sgustaf@uwsuper.campus.mci.net>
To: "John McManus" <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com>,
 "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Date: Fri, 4 Apr 1997 16:33:44 -0600
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Dear Dr. McManus

I have used mylar drafting velum with execptional results. It accepts
pencil marks very well and can be erased easily. In fact entire sheets can
be erased quickly using Soft Scrub and water. The mylar can be resused
indefinitely. It is, however, expensive and can be hard to handle
underwater. I used an acrylic board with rings on which a stack of mylar
was help. the sheets were held in place at the bottom with a rubber band.
The sheets were flipped by moving the rubberband to the wrist of the hand
holding the board at the bottom, and then flipping the sheet the back of
the board and reattaching the rubber band. It took a bit of practice to
get quick at it but was easily mastered.

steve
_____________________________________________________________________
Steven Gustafson
1123 N 18th ST
Superior, WI 54880
sgustaf@uwsuper.campus.mci.net
(715)394-4459

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr 5 13:08:41 1997
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Manado Seagarden diving centre <kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id>
Subject: Indicator Butterflyfish
Message-ID: <6BCDDC121C@manado.wasantara.net.id>
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Dear everybody,

could you tell me if you know some recent paper about the visual census of
butterflyfish as indicators of coral reef health? I have many papers about
methods, I am mostly interested in recent results.

Thank you in advance

Massimo Boyer

 PLEASE, NOTE THE NEW E-MAIL ADDRESS

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre *
 * Kuda Laut Project *
 * P.O. Box 1535 *
 * Manado 95001 *
 * North Sulawesi *
 * Indonesia *
 * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100 *
 * E mail: kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id *
 * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr 5 19:14:05 1997
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Date: Sat, 5 Apr 1997 13:33:09 -0800 (PST)
From: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu>
To: Manado Seagarden diving centre <kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Indicator Butterflyfish
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 Crosby, M.P. and Reese, E.S. (1996). A Manual for Monitoring Coral
 Reefs With Indicator Species: Butterflyfishes as Indicators of
 Change on Indo-Pacific Reefs. NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal
 Resource Management, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

---------
Preston Hardison
pdh@u.washington.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr 5 20:46:47 1997
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Date: Sat, 05 Apr 1997 17:08:34 -0800
From: ww_gardiner@ccmail.pnl.gov (William W Gardiner)
Subject: Re[2]: Indicator Butterflyfish
To: Manado Seagarden diving centre <kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id>,
 Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu>
Cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 This document is available on the CHAMP web page if you have a PDF
 reader. It's in the "related research" section.

______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Re: Indicator Butterflyfish
Author: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu> at -SMTPLink
Date: 4/5/97 1:33 PM

 Crosby, M.P. and Reese, E.S. (1996). A Manual for Monitoring Coral
 Reefs With Indicator Species: Butterflyfishes as Indicators of
 Change on Indo-Pacific Reefs. NOAA Office of Ocean and Coastal
 Resource Management, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

---------
Preston Hardison
pdh@u.washington.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 11:01:44 1997
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 03 Apr 1997 09:33:58 -0500 (EST)
From: "Wheaton, Jenni" <WHEATON_J@harpo.dep.state.fl.us>
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: - no subject (01IH993J9VXU000Y00) - - Reply

We use drafting film. It can be purchased from Precision Coatings, 8120
Goldie St., Walled Lake, MI 48390 Fax 800-360-5671/ 800-521-8380. It can
be printed on to make standardized data sheets. Wash it off when finished
and file original data sheets for future reference.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 11:47:25 1997
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Date: Mon, 7 Apr 1997 10:44:02 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Waterproof Paper - Reply (fwd)
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Date: Fri, 04 Apr 1997 08:34:58 -0500 (EST)
From: "Wheaton, Jenni" <WHEATON_J@harpo.dep.state.fl.us>
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Waterproof Paper - Reply

The mylar we use is "rough" on both sides. Pencil works perfectly well.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 12:46:00 1997
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Date: 7 Apr 1997 09:24:46 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: UW paper
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "John McManus" <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com>
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 Reply to: RE>>UW paper

I agree with the vote for plastic . The product I have used is called
"Multi-Media Velum". Of course, it is not velum at all, but is an acetate or
mylar sheet that has a suface texture that takes pencil quite well. It is
also translucent which is good and bad. I make a template for data collection
on an opaque sheet (Plaspyrus, below), and overlay the mylar on which I write.
 It can be used in a photocopier or laser printer to a VERY limited extent.
At most, you can run one sheet and then allow the drum to cool. Otherwise the
material warps from the high temperature.

The other product is the gridded Plaspyrus paper made by Bel-Art Products.
The grids provide for easy setup of template pages by hand. It takes
permanent ink and pencil well, but also cannot withstand copier heat well.

GOod luck in your search.

Mark
__________________________________________________________
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD USA 20910-5603
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19 Fax: 301-427-2073
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 16:34:11 1997
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From: palley@usgcrp.gov (Paula Alley)
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This is just a notice that the U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar
has been changed from Monday April 14, 1997 to Monday April 21, 1997. This
months seminar title is "Economic Options and Costs for Mitigating Climate
Change: The Role of Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency".

Public Invited
Monday, April 21, 1997
3:15-4:45pm
Rayburn House Office Bldg., Rm B369
Washington, DC
Reception Following

If you have any question please call Tony Socci at 202-358-1532 or Paula
Alley 202-358-0421.

Thank you,
Paula

Paula Alley, Admin Asstistant
Phone number: (202)358-0421
FAX number: (202) 358-4103
Office of the USGCRP, code YS-1, 300 E Street, SW. Washington, DC 20546
e-mail: palley@usgcrp.gov
World Wide Wed Address: http://www.usgcrp.gov
"Love your children & spouse for who they are, not for who you want them to be"

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 17:03:31 1997
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Date: Tue, 8 Apr 1997 09:42:12 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: beemanr@schools.covis.nwu.edu (Rebeca Beeman)
Subject: seeking data on coral degredation
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 Dear Coral-listers,

 Hi! I am a senior at New Trier High School in Chicago and
am doing an Earth Science research project on coral reef degredation. I
was told about the coral-list serve by Pamela Hallock-Mueller at the
University of South Florida. I'm having some trouble finding data on my
topic and was hoping some of you might be able to help me. I have already
contacted Billy Causey, Karen Bareford (Flordia Keys National Marine
Sanctuary), and am trying to reach Bob Halley. Idealy I would like to find
data on specific coral
sites and the changes that have occured both in terms of growth and
degredation in those locations. I was thinking of some sort of time line
(maybe 10 years) showing these things and the possible causes (pollution,
bleaching, black-band disease, UV damage,water temp., misuse of
coral-fishing,tourism, etc.,). IF you have access
to any of this information or know of anyone who might, could you please contact
me?

 Thank You!! Rebeca Beeman e-mail:beemanr@schools.covis.nwu.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 17:49:20 1997
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From: "Russ Babcock" <r.babcock@auckland.ac.nz>
Organization: Leigh Marine Laboratory, U of A
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Date: Tue, 8 Apr 1997 08:50:38 GMT+1200
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Subject: UW frigging paper
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Dear coral-listers,
>From the number of replies to John McManus' question on UW paper it
should be clear to all that just about everybody has worked out how
to write underwater - somehow. I wonder how many people have replied
directly to John? This would be the correct thing to do. It is not
the right thing to do to clutter up people's email with trivia such
as we have been seeing.

If you disagree with me contact me directly!

Russ

Russ Babcock
Senior Lecturer
University of Auckland
Leigh Marine Laboratory
PO Box 349
Warkworth New Zealand
tel. 64 9 4226111
fax. 64 9 4226113
r.babcock@auckland.ac.nz

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 18:20:32 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: STENECK@maine.maine.edu (Bob Steneck)
Subject: Re: Waterproof Paper
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Dear Underwater Scribes,

 I'd like to support Shane Peterson's comments regarding the
underwater writing cylinder (also called 'cuff'). It keeps both hands free
for holding things, you can tape a template gridded with your data columns
on it (clear acetate overhead sheet with clear contact paper over the
carbon). Use black electrical tape to secure the template and to affix one
or several sheets of mylar drafting paper over it. The cylinder (white PVC
4" dia, 18 CM long) should have three holes near one end through which
surgical tubing is strung. this holds it on your wrist. Any pencil works
(tether it to the cylinder) but plastic pencils with about 15 pointed nibs
work best. You renew your point by plucking the last nib and shoving it to
the bottom of the pencil.

 My teams transcribe data ASAP and since photocopies are impractical
in the field. I save all mylar data sheets (have each researcher write
their name on each data sheet with date and time) and put it in a folder.
Transcription errors have often been caught by referring back to the
original mylar.

 In the no big deal department: I invented the writing cylinder in
St. Croix in 1973... or at least I think I did - I never met anyone using
them earlier. I brought it to the GBR in 1978. In 1982 Jim Porter and I
collaborated on a project at which time that technology was transferred.
What matters is that it works well and we need more folks taking data
underwater.

 Good luck one and all,

 Bob Steneck

========================
Dr. Robert S. Steneck
Professor
School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, Me 04573
U.S.A.
Tele: 207 563- 3146 ext. 233
======================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 19:48:32 1997
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From: 802912237@RUMAC.UPR.CLU.EDU
Date: Mon, 7 Apr 1997 18:41:51 -0400
To: CORAL-LIST@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear Coral-listers,
	I am desperately looking for statistical equations and/or methods that
can be used for estimating population percentages of reef communities studied
using point-intercept transect methods. I would be very gratefulfor any
suggestions or related advice on the subject.
Sincerely,
	 Carlos Garcia Quijano
	 Student-University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 7 22:45:51 1997
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Date: Mon, 7 Apr 1997 22:28:13 -0200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ben Richards <blrF94@hampshire.edu>
Subject: Asking questions on the list
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Dear listers -
	I think that email is a wonderful way by which one scientist can
communicate questions to many others across the globe. However, one must
remember the volume of people with whom one is communicating. The number
of responses to the question of Underwater paper is an ideal example. Many
of the responses have been quite ingenious and I, not being the original
asker of the question have been quite glad to have heard them. However, I
think the question has been adequately covered. A number of people have
responded with duplicate answers which, while it lends credence to some
responses, does not, in the end provide any more information. I propose
that it should be the responsibility of one who is asking a question to
post a message when they have received a satisfactory number of answers.
If someone else wants more information, they are free to ask the question
again. Please contact me directly at: brichards@hampshire.edu if you feel
the need to respond.

 Respectfully yours,

				=-) Ben Richards

Ben Richards
c/o Bermuda Biological Station for Research
Ferry Reach
St. George's GE01
Bermuda

brichards@hampshire.edu
http://hampshire.edu/~blrF94/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 8 05:37:05 1997
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippin" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph>
Organization: University of San Carlos
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 8 Apr 1997 16:40:30 +800
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Subject: sedimentation and coral stress
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Hi!

We would like to measure the sedimentation rate threshold value for
for a certain species of coral. The lab expt. would involve
introducing sediments into tanks over a 24h to 48h period.
My problem is finding a way of measuring parameters that
indicate coral stress. We don't have any sophisticated instruments.
We have already thought of measuring respiration rates after
incubation. Another is measuring the carbohydrate or protein content
of the water to quantify the amount of mucus produced-- assuming that
the amount of carbohydrate/protein indicates the amount of mucus, and
that the more mucus, the more stressed is the coral. We are in dire
need of suggestions.

Thank you very much for your kind attention. Have a nice day!

Chona
____sender's name_____
Marine Biology Section
University of San Carlos fax (+63-32) 3460351
Cebu City 6000, Philippines email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph

****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ********

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 8 09:53:13 1997
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Date: Tue, 8 Apr 1997 08:53:31 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: The Great UW-Writing Dialogue
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Ladies and Gents,

	I believe the way many newsgroups and listservers handle the
question of multiple responses to an interesting question is this: The
questioner asks all those who have responses to send those answers
directly to him or her. Those who are interested in the answers may write
to the original poster of the question and say, in effect, "Let me know
what you find out!" If the original questioner gets many of these types
of responses (or maybe even if not), he/she will post a summary of all the
answers at a later time. That way, the members of the newsgroup or
listserver can either read all the answers at one time, or just delete the
one message (instead of many of them). An example original message might
go something like this:

"Our laboratory is interested in buying an inexpensive submersible for the
purpose of studying reefs at night. If you have any information, please
send a response to my personal email address. If any of you also wish to
know of the responses, I will post a follow-up summary at a later time."

Everybody then just sends their comments directly to that person.

	Hope this helps...

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 8 10:41:34 1997
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From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: New Date for US Global Change Seminar - April 21
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This is just a notice that the U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar
has been changed from Monday April 14, 1997 to Monday April 21, 1997. This
months seminar title is "Economic Options and Costs for Mitigating Climate
Change: The Role of Energy Technologies and Energy Efficiency".

Public Invited
Monday, April 21, 1997
3:15-4:45pm
Rayburn House Office Bldg., Rm B369
Washington, DC
Reception Following

If you have any question please call Tony Socci at 202-358-1532 or Paula
Alley 202-358-0421.

Thank you,
Paula

Paula Alley, Admin Asstistant
Phone number: (202)358-0421
FAX number: (202) 358-4103
Office of the USGCRP, code YS-1, 300 E Street, SW. Washington, DC 20546
e-mail: palley@usgcrp.gov
World Wide Wed Address: http://www.usgcrp.gov
"Love your children & spouse for who they are, not for who you want them to be"

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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 8 15:58:43 1997
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Date: Tue, 8 Apr 1997 14:29:50 -0400 (EDT)
From: Shane Paterson <cuda@arches.uga.edu>
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To: Bob Steneck <STENECK@maine.maine.edu>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Waterproof Paper
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On Mon, 7 Apr 1997, Bob Steneck wrote:

> I'd like to support Shane Peterson's comments regarding the
> underwater writing cylinder (also called 'cuff'). It keeps both hands free
> for holding things, you can tape a template gridded with your data columns
> on it (clear acetate overhead sheet with clear contact paper over the
> carbon). Use black electrical tape to secure the template and to affix one
> or several sheets of mylar drafting paper over it. The cylinder (white PVC
> 4" dia, 18 CM long) should have three holes near one end through which
> surgical tubing is strung. this holds it on your wrist. Any pencil works
> (tether it to the cylinder) but plastic pencils with about 15 pointed nibs
> work best. You renew your point by plucking the last nib and shoving it to
> the bottom of the pencil.

On a nother note, does anyone know of a reliable source for these
excellent pencils? I have a couple, decorated with Smurfs or some similar
icon, but they seem to be hard to come by these days. My wife got me a
new one for Christmas, topped with a cute little plastic figure of a bear
(she found it for sale at the local library), but I would like to buy a
larger quantity of them and not worry about plastic bears being on the
loose at my study sites.

> In the no big deal department: I invented the writing cylinder in
> St. Croix in 1973... or at least I think I did - I never met anyone using
> them earlier. I brought it to the GBR in 1978. In 1982 Jim Porter and I
> collaborated on a project at which time that technology was transferred.
> What matters is that it works well and we need more folks taking data
> underwater.

Oops...sorry about the misattribution...and thanks for the wonderful
technology! So far I've been using my prof's old cuffs but I'm about to
bring another 18 cuffs/cylinders into the world for a project I've got
coming up, contributing to the quest for world domination of the exclusive
underwater scientific writing market by these handy devices.

Shane Paterson

(Writing Cylinder Evangelist)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 8 21:47:51 1997
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Date: Tue, 8 Apr 1997 20:44:49 -0400 (EDT)
From: Rebecca Penwell <penwellr@fiu.edu>
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Does anyone know the e-mail address for Callum M. Roberts? I tried to
send him e-mail at croberts@uvi.edu which is on one of his papers but it
did not work so if anyone has a current e-mail address for him I would
appreciate it. Thanks so much!

Becky

Rebecca A. Penwell
Florida International University
Miami, FL 33199

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 8 23:09:01 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: kclark@iu.net (Kerry Clark)
Subject: Too many answers?
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 While I concur that topics via lists are sometimes 'over-answered,' I
think the protests are a bit like telling someone there are two many
species of copepods in the ocean -- "When you've seen a dozen, you've seen
them all." Each answer has slightly different nuances, and some of us
consider these nuances useful.
 If you are tired of a topic, your mail-reader software presumably
lists the topics, so just delete the topic without reading it if you feel
you've read enough. The essence of an e-mail list is the free flow of
ideas.
 I'm also struck by the irony that both complainants have essentially
claimed "last word" rights by asking for private responses to public
postings. That's a very mild form of censorship, but nevertheless, it is
censorship, and though the intent is apparently to limit the number of
postings, it seems a bit less than fair.

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/metahome" -- "Bytes of Nature"

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 9 09:59:29 1997
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Date: Wed, 9 Apr 1997 14:52:11 +0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: adm06@students.stir.ac.uk (Andrew Murray)
Subject: coral mining
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Dear all,

I am trying to find reliable statistics for the current levels of coral
mining, worldwide if possible. If there are any available sources or
useful texts with lots of data, I would greatlly appreciate information
about them.

Thank you.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 9 13:50:06 1997
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Date: 9 Apr 1997 10:44:32 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Underwater Pencils
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 Reply to: RE>>Underwater Pencils

My personal preference is the disposable Bic mechanical pencils. As long as
you keep them wet they last months before rusting. They come in a pack of
6-10 pencils for around $1.00. You can reload them with lead. Unlike the
multiple nub pencils, these have erasers built in. In the US you can get them
at most discount stores, drug stores, etc. I have bought them in other
countries as well.

Similar are the Paper Mate version, but I find the Paper Mates have too thin a
wall and are prone to breaking in gear bags.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 10 15:25:06 1997
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From: JPOZZI@aol.com
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Subject: Global Resource Bank
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Dear Shareholders,

You are cordially invited to participate in the trial transfer of Global
dollars at the Global Resource Bank. <http://www.ipcc.com/grb/>

Sincerely,

John Pozzi
Acting GRB Manager

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 10 20:25:19 1997
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Date: Fri, 11 Apr 1997 09:34:33 +1000 (EST)
From: Andrew Baird <Andrew.Baird@jcu.edu.au>
To: Jack Edelstein <jyed@umich.edu>
Cc: Kerry Clark <kclark@iu.net>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Too many answers?
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Andrew Baird Phone: 61 77 81 4801
Dept. Marine Biology Fax: 61 77 25 1570
James Cook University email: andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au
Townsville Q 4812
Australia

On Wed, 9 Apr 1997, Jack Edelstein wrote:

> I agree with Kerry Clark.
>
> Jack Edelstein
>
I don't

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 10 23:12:07 1997
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From: Richard Wang <hwang@baldwinw.edu>
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Dear Sir/Mdm:

Can you identify the following manufacturers and provide their
phon/fax/address?

Company Product Description
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EIRE		Electric Regulating Valve, VBG DN40
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JOHNSON		Steam Electric Regulating Valve, VB/M130 DN25

The description may not be right. Please advise the contact info.

Thanks,

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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 15 08:53:45 1997
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Date: Tue, 15 Apr 1997 19:18:20 +0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "T.W. Tam, Henry" <tamchaos@cuhk.edu.hk>
Subject: Enquiry on biology of Goniopora / Alveopora
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Dear all coral researchers,

I am a M.Phil. student of Bio. Dept., The Chinese of Hong Kong. I am
developing a computer model on community structure and population dynamics
of a coral community. And I want to know the information on the linear and
radial growth rate, reproductive biology of corals with extented polyps
(esp. on Goniopora and Alveopora) because I cannot find any references.

Can anyone help me? Thank you very much for your help in advance.

Meanwhile, my supervisor is Dr. Put O. Ang, Jr. Will anyone want to say
"Hello" to him?

Yours faithfully,

Henry Tam

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 15 09:30:33 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
Subject: microherbivore grazing rates
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Hello all,

I am having difficulty in finding references pertaining to the grazing rates
of coral reef microherbivores such as tanaids, amphipods, and small
gastropods. I would be extremely grateful if someone could provide me with
some references that maybe of use.

Please email me direct ---> c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk

Thanks a lot

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 15 12:12:29 1997
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Date: Tue, 15 Apr 1997 12:59:04 -0300 (GRNLNDST)
From: Ozeas da Silva Costa Junior <ozeas@pppg.ufba.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Eutrophication and Coral Reefs
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 ******* Sorry for cross-posting *******

 Dear List Members.

 I'm a Oceanographer, actualy a graduate student (MSc Thesis) in the
Coastal Studies Laboratory (LEC) on Federal University of Bahia (Brazil).
In my thesis I'm studying the percolation of groundwater to the reefs of
northern Bahia. This region has a recent urbanization (by tourism) with
a poor sewage captation and treated system. The possible contamination
of groundwater will toward to the reefs and eutrophication will increase
the demise of them.

 If you have any information, research, coments, references, ...
about this subject, please contact myself.

 Thanks in advance. Greetings from Brazil!!

I can be reached at:
*******************************************
 Coastal Studies Laboratory
 Institute of Geosciences
 Federal University of Bahia
 R. Caetano Moura, 123 - Federacao
 CEP 40100-010 - Salvador - Bahia
 Brazil
 e-mail: ozeas@pppg.ufba.br
 http://www.pppg.ufba.br/~pgeol/lab-costa
*******************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 05:05:11 1997
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From: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@nioz.nl>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 16 Apr 1997 09:47:36 +0200
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Got this one forwarded from another list. Sheds a little "light" on our recent
UW paper problem. Read and enjoy or just click the delete button right
away. Cheers, GJ.

>
>> Q: How many internet mail list subscribers does it take
>> to change a light bulb?
>>
>> A: 1,331:
>> 1 to change the light bulb and to post to the mail
>> list that the light bulb has been changed
>> 14 to share similar experiences of changing light
>> bulbs and how the light bulb could have been
>> changed differently.
>> 7 to caution about the dangers of changing light bulbs.
>> 27 to point out spelling/grammar errors in posts about
>> changing light bulbs.
>> 53 to flame the spell checkers
>> 156 to write to the list administrator complaining about
>> the light bulb discussion and its inappropriateness
>> to this mail list.
>> 41 to correct spelling in the spelling/grammar flames.
>> 109 to post that this list is not about light bulbs and
>> to please take this email exchange to alt.lite.bulb
>> 203 to demand that cross posting to alt.grammar,
>> alt.spelling and alt.punctuation about changing
>> light bulbs be stopped.
>> 111 to defend the posting to this list saying that we
>> are all use light bulbs and therefore the posts
>> **are** relevant to this mail list.
>> 306 to debate which method of changing light
>> bulbs is superior, where to buy the best light bulbs,
>> what brand of light bulbs work best for this
>> technique, and what brands are faulty.
>> 27 to post URLs where one can see examples of
>> different light bulbs
>> 14 to post that the URLs were posted incorrectly, and
>> to post corrected URLs.
>> 3 to post about links they found from the URLs that
>> are relevant to this list which makes light bulbs
>> relevant to this list.
>> 33 to concatenate all posts to date, then quote
>> them including all headers and footers, and then
>> add "Me Too."
>> 12 to post to the list that they are unsubscribing
>> because they cannot handle the light bulb
>> controversey.
>> 19 to quote the "Me Too's" to say, "Me Three."
>> 4 to suggest that posters request the light bulb FAQ.
>> 1 to propose new alt.change.lite.bulb newsgroup.
>> 47 to say this is just what alt.physic.cold_fusion
>> was meant for, leave it here.
>> 143 votes for alt.lite.bulb.
>>
>
===============================================
Gert Jan Gast <gjgast@NIOZ.NL>
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Department of Marine Ecology
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 07:18:45 1997
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Reinhold Leinfelder <reinhold.leinfelder@geologie.uni-stuttgart.de>
Subject: corals and Cernobyl
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Dear colleagues,

does anybody of you have informations on the expression of the Cernobyl
desaster in coral skeletons? Are there elevated Caesium values in the
respective annual growth bands? If so, are these records from the Red Sea,
the Caribbean or the Pacific?

Thanks for your help

Reinhold Leinfelder

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 11:09:42 1997
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From: David Bruce Gunnersen <dbg2@ukc.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: research opportunities
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I am seeking information about Phd programmes for research into coral
reef ecology, at English speaking institutions.
I am presently completing an MSc degree in Conservation Biology at the
Durrell Institute for Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent,
Canterbury, Kent,CT2 7LZ England, and will bee looking to start a Phd
programme from Oct. '97 onwards.

I am an experienced SCUBA diver (300 dives) and underwater
photographer, havingdived in Belize, Mexico (Cozumel), Jamaica, and
the Maldives.

My perticular area of interest is formulating a theoretical and working
model for assessing the carrying capacity of coral reefs for ecotourism,
though I am opento other suggestions for a reasearch subject, ideally of
a conservation related nature.

Please send me details of research programmes and facilities, and
funding requirements as well as any information about likely sources of
funding, by post to the above, or e-mail on <dbg2@ukc.ac.uk>

David Gunnersen

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 11:11:21 1997
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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 1997 08:59:01 -0600
From: Bob Buddemeier <bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu>
Subject: RE: corals and Cernobyl
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Reinhold Leinfelder <reinhold.leinfelder@geologie.uni-stuttgart.de>
Message-id: <199704161358.IAA01286@pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu>
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Dear Reinhold and coral-listers,

Preface 1: Effective almost immediately, my only e-mail address will be
<buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu> -- please check/correct your records.

Preface 2: Nervous as I am about broadcast replies, I thought this might
have some cultural value, so I risk the wrath of my companions in e-mail
overload. If you think this doesn't belong on the list-server, reply
privately and I'll publish the vote totals.

Response: There was a lot of work done in the 70's on both natural and
man-made radionuclide records in coral skeletons. Almost all of the
literature on this can be accessed through the bibliographies provided in (1)
Buddemeier, R. W. and Kinzie, R. A. III, 1976, Coral Growth, Oceanogr. Mar.
Biol. Annu. Rev. 14:183-225 and (2) Dodge, R. E. and Vaisnys, J. R. 1980,
Skeletal Growth Chronologies of Recent and Fossil Corals, Ch. 14 in Rhoads,
D. C. and Lutz, R. A. (Eds) Skeletal Growth of Aquatic Organisms, Plenum
Press, NY, pp 493-517.

Since that time most of the emphasis has been on natural radionuclides and
dating or tracing of oceanic processes; with apologies to those not
acknowledged, I'd say that Ellen Druffel's continuing work on C-14 in corals
is quite relevant to "fallout detection." However, there has been a big
expansion of (stable) trace element studies, the results and methods of which
are both very relevant to radionuclide studies -- with similar and even
broader apologies to the rest of the world, I'd say start with Glen Shen's
publications.

Why do I go into this background instead of just answering the question?
Because (and Reinhold, I'm sorry if I seem to pick on you in public, but...)
it's not a very well-formulated question. The appropriate question is
something more like "would it be feasible to detect the Chernobyl event in
coral skeletal records, and has anyone tried?" The answer to the first part
is either no, or that it would be so laborious and uncertain that it would be
hard to see what scientific use it would have, given the large amount of
information already available on the Chernobyl fallout plume and on coral
uptake of and responses to radioactivity.

I suggest that a few hours in the library should convince most people that
(a) the Chernobyl plume, although traced around the world several times,
dissipated to below detection limits mostly in the higher (non-coral)
latitudes, (b) although locally impressive, it represents a trivial excursion
once it is mixed into the existing global background inventory of
radionuclides, and (c) between problems of chemistry, biology, and air-sea
circulation, coral skeletal records do not have the precison or temporal
resolution to reliably detect a small, distant, and very transient pulse.

If there ever was a hermatypic coral experiment to have been performed, it
was probably (I don't remember the exact patterns, so even this suggestion
may not be good) in the northern Red Sea or Arabian Gulf within the first few
years after the event, and exploiting the characteristic short half-life
nuclides for which there is no natural background. If there were an
experiment still waiting to be done it would be on Mediterranean ahermatypics
(I seem to remember that Italy took a fairly serious fallout hit), collected
from regions that are shallow, have relatively slow water exchange times, and
were in major fallout areas (which were quite well mapped and modelled).
BUT, I would not set foot into the field without doing the basic
calculations of deposition, dilution, calcification, decay, and detecton
because I strongly suspect that any signal would be operationally buried in
the noise.

Unavoidable philosophical comment -- the list server is a powerful tool for
networking, but there is a trade-off in its use. If I see a query that I
think I have something to contribute to that could save the questioner a lot
of time and effort without costing too much of mine, I answer (on- or
off-line, whichever I guess to be most appropriate). However, about 95% of
the "can anybody tell me anything about....." questions get a prompt delete,
since I can often tell far more than I have time to communicate and am
disinclined to support the research habits of people who don't put in some
time and thought of their own on the front end. [The exception to this is
people who are clearly in a position where they do not have access to a
library, colleagues, or maybe even the WWW -- but even in those cases, some
question formulations are more evocative than others.] My advice to students
and other gleaners of knowledge is to think 3 times, go to the library twice,
and then write once.

Again with apologies to Reinhold, who was just innocently doing the sort of
thing that everybody else does, this query was an example of one that fell in
both my categories -- coral radionuclide studies is a fairly specialized
field, with a dispersed and now ageing literature, so it is fair game for
appeals to experience. On the other hand, there is quite a lot of readily
available mainline literature on both the Chernobyl event and corals as
radioactivity samplers, so it wouldn't take much time to focus the questions
and interests quite a bit.

End of sermon. If I turn out to be wrong, send me the reprint -- it's a
slower process now, but I'm still learning things.

Bob Buddemeier

Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Ave.
Lawrence, KS 66047

(913) 864-3965 w
(913) 864-5317 fax
buddrw@KGS.UKANS.EDU (Internet)

_______________________________________________________________________________
To: Coral-List
From: Reinhold Leinfelder on 16Apr1997 06:01
Subject: corals and Cernobyl
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Dear colleagues,

does anybody of you have informations on the expression of the Cernobyl
desaster in coral skeletons? Are there elevated Caesium values in the
respective annual growth bands? If so, are these records from the Red Sea,
the Caribbean or the Pacific?

Thanks for your help

Reinhold Leinfelder

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 11:58:57 1997
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U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series

The Role of Energy Technologies in Determining the Long-Term Costs for
Stabilizing the Carbon Dioxide Concentration

How does one estimate long-term costs to the global economy of stabilizing
greenhouse gas emissions? What are the factors that determine how costly it
will be to mitigate emissions over the long-term? What role does the rate
of technology development play?

Public Invited

Monday, April 21, 1997, 3:15-4:45 PM
Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

The Honorable Mark Chupka, Acting Assistant Secretary for the Office of
Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC

SPEAKERS

Dr. James A. Edmonds, Global Environmental Change Program, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Washington, DC

Dr. Joseph Romm, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC

OVERVIEW

The Role of Technology Improvements in Stabilizing the Atmospheric Carbon
Dioxide Concentration

 The long-term objective of the Framework Convention on Climate
Change (FCCC) is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in
the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system." This objective is framed in terms of
the concentrations of greenhouse gases rather than their emissions.
Emissions and concentrations have a complex relationship.

 Setting a concentration goal has several important implications for
global emissions. For carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse
gas being directly affected by human activities, the implications of
stabilization include:

1) The world must ultimately virtually phase out freely vented carbon
emissions, regardless of the concentration ceiling. That is, ultimately,
net global carbon emissions must approach zero. But, depending on the
concentration goal, "ultimately" has a long time scale, perhaps hundreds of
years; and

2) For many choices of the concentration goal, near-term global emissions
may continue to grow, with dates at which emissions must depart from
business-as-usual paths depending on the atmospheric concentration ceiling
chosen and the particular pathway. Based on some example cases with
particular assumptions, following the emissions path for a 450 ppmv ceiling
computed by Wigley, Richels and Edmonds (Nature, 1996), global emissions
would need to start departing from business-as-usual by the year 2007, peak
at about 2011, and begin their long-term decline thereafter. For a 550 ppmv
ceiling, global emissions would need to start to depart from
business-as-usual by the year 2013, but global emissions could continue to
rise until 2033 before starting to decline over an extended period.

 The path of global emissions can have important implications for
the costs of mitigation (i.e., of changing energy systems) for stabilizing
the atmospheric concentration, regardless of the ceiling chosen. [Note that
the environmental and socioeconomic benefits (or avoided costs) of climate
change are not yet being included in these calculations of the costs of
mitigation.] Recent research has shown that there is an order of magnitude
difference in mitigation costs between pathways which employ flexibility in
"where" and "when" emissions are mitigated and pathways which do not
consider such issues. According to these calculations, well-crafted
policies including "where" and "when" flexibility could make achieving the
goal of the FCCC relatively inexpensive (e.g., less than 1% of present
discounted global GDP for some choices of the ceiling and rates of energy
technology improvement). However, poorly crafted policies could be both
expensive and ineffective.

 The suite of technologies available for mitigation has a similarly
profound effect on the cost of achieving any concentration target. The
value of energy technologies can be estimated using economic models. If
only 1990 technologies are available, the cost of stabilizing the
atmospheric CO2 concentration is estimated to be an order of magnitude
greater than if the suite of technologies foreseen in the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario IS92a (Leggett et al., 1992)
becomes available. Another order of magnitude reduction in cost could be
obtained if a suite of advanced energy technologies which, while not
currently available, were to become widely available by the year 2020, as
described in IPCC (1996b).

 Thus, the value of an increasing rate of energy technology
development and deployment is very high, reaching trillions of dollars, and
delaying technology development makes mitigation more costly.

The Prospects for Cleaner and More Efficient Energy Technologies

 The overarching goal of efforts to improve technologies and to mold
government policies is to ensure that "total benefits outweigh total
costs," to use the phrase from the recent Arrow, Jorgenson, Krugman,
Nordhaus, Solow et al. statement. Such a goal is potentially achievable
because many technologies provide multiple, so-called "no regrets"
benefits, such as increased productivity and a reduction in air pollutants.
Significant progress is possible because cleaner and more efficient
technologies are underutilized in all sectors of the economy. On the demand
side, energy efficiency offers the potential to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions at low or no cost in the key sectors of transportation, building,
and industry. Similar potential exists on the supply side through the wider
use of cleaner fossil fuel technologies, especially those utilizing natural
gas. A number of partnerships between the government and private sector are
working to remove the barriers to wider use of both supply and demand
technologies.

 Beyond existing technologies, a number of very-low or no-carbon
technologies are in the pipeline, including stationary fuel cells, advanced
turbines, bioenergy, "clean" diesel engines, and next-generation
wind-power. With accelerated R&D and increasing use of these technologies
(i.e., their diffusion into the marketplace), these technologies nad
advances could have a significant impact in the medium term. In the longer
term, a number of technologies hold the promise of reducing
climate-mitigation costs, including next-generation fossil energy
technologies and a variety of renewable energy technologies, such as
photovoltaics and transportation fuel cells.

Biographies

 Dr. James A. Edmonds is a Chief Scientist and the Technical Leader
of Economic Programs at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL),
Washington DC office. He has been associated with PNNL since 1986, during
which time he has developed and contributed to programs in the area of
global change and sustainable development. Dr. Edmonds is best known for
his research on the interactions between global climate and human
activities. He is the co-developer of the often cited Edmonds-Reilly-Barns
model of global energy and economy. Dr. Edmonds has written numerous papers
and books on the subject of global change, including Global Energy
Assessing the Future, with John Reilly (Oxford University Press). His book,
with Don Wuebbles, A Primer on Greenhouse Gases won the scientific book of
the year award at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

 Dr. Edmonds also served as a lead author on five chapters of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Second Assessment Report,
including three chapters for Working Group III and two for Working Group
II. He also served as a lead author on the IPCC First Assessment Report and
the 1992 and 1994 updates. Dr. Edmonds' current research focuses on
development of a Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) system and on
related policy research. He heads the development of a Second Generation
Model as an international collaboration between PNNL and nine research
institutions located around the world, and he has also initiated a program
to assess the state of the social sciences with regard to their
contribution to knowledge relevant to climate change. Dr. Edmonds' Global
Climate Change Group received the Director's Award for Research Excellence
at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 1995.

 Before joining PNNL, Dr. Edmonds headed the Washington DC office of
the Institute for Energy Analysis, Oak Ridge Associated Universities
(1978-86). Prior to that, he was an Assistant Professor of Economics and
Chairman of the Department of Economics and Business Administration at
Centre College of Kentucky (1974-78). He graduated with a M.A. (1972) and
Ph.D. (1974) from Duke University. His undergraduate degree is from
Kalamazoo College (1969).

 Dr. Joseph Romm is Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy. In this
capacity, Dr. Romm helps the Assistant Secretary, Christine Ervin, manage
the eight hundred million dollar portfolio of research, development, and
deployment of clean industrial, transportation, building, and utility
technologies. Prior to his service at the U.S. Department of Energy, Dr.
Romm worked in the field of alternative energies and energy efficiency with
Amory Lovins at the Rocky Mountain Institute.

 Dr. Romm holds a Ph.D. degree in physics from M.I.T. and
has written about pollution prevention and manufacturing for Forbes,
Technology Review, Foreign Affairs, Industrial Engineering, The New York
Times, and USA Today. He is the author of three books, most recently "Lean
and Clean Management: How to Increase Profits and Productivity by Reducing
Pollution" (Kodansha, 1994), a "how to" book for companies that want to
improve their energy and environmental performance. He is also the
co-author, with outgong Deputy Secretary of Energy Charles Curtis, of the
April 1996 Atlantic Monthly cover story, "Mideast Oil Forever."

The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, May 12, 1997

Planned Topic: To Be Announced

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Offiice Code
YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax:
(202) 358-4103 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

Paula Alley, Admin Asstistant
Phone number: (202)358-0421
FAX number: (202) 358-4103
Office of the USGCRP, code YS-1, 300 E Street, SW. Washington, DC 20546
e-mail: palley@usgcrp.gov
World Wide Web Address: http://www.usgcrp.gov
"Love your children & spouse for who they are, not for who you want them to be"

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 14:20:11 1997
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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 1997 09:30:00 -0700
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To: (ANNOUNCE/POST: Int'l Internships-Africa & Brazil)
From: University Services-International Internships <USII@hotmail.com>
Subject: SUMMER-Africa/Brazil> ProjDIRs/Interns ('97 & '98)
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FWD'd

[PLEASE SHARE/FORWARD]

JOB ANNOUNCEMENT : 25 Project Director Positions

Crossroads is now winding down recruitment for the Summer 1997 Prog in
Africa and Brazil, and is now accepting applications for the Summer 1998
Program.

This may be of interest to those with interest in rainforest/ecology
issues, international development and humanitarian work.

CREDIT

Interns/Volntrs usually arrange to receive academic credit - 7 to 15 units.
_____________________________________________________________________

C O U N T R I E S: Botswana, The Gambia, Ghana, Eritrea, Ivory Coast
 Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zimbabwe
 Malawi, Ethiopia, Namibia, Guinea Bissau,
 and Brazil (in South America)
_____________________________________________________________________

 S U M M E R J O B A N N O U N C E M E N T

 A F R I C A & B R A Z I L

Position: P r o j e c t D i r e c t o r / G r o u p L e a d e r

 [Also, accepting Intern/Volntr Applications-college-age & up/all welcome]

Director 26 years old & up; with experience or advance studies related
Requisites to a Crossroads project or to development issues/concerns

 Professionals, faculty, staff, students, persons with
 skills - all interested are encouraged

 Canadians, Americans, others, WELCOME

Location: 18 Countries in Africa, plus Brazil

Duration: June 16 - August 12 (tentative dates)

Director All travel and living expenses will be covered,
Pay: plus you will receive an honorarium/stipend

DEADLINE: Recruitment for the Summer 1997 Program is now winding down
 Applications for Summer 1998 are now being accepted

Organization: Operation Crossroads-Africa & Brazil
 475 Riverside Dr., Suite 1366
 NY, NY 10027
 A Non-Profit 501(C)(3) Organization

Co-Sponsors: Various UN Programs, NGO's, Ministries [Health, Education,
 etc.], WHO, Int'l Econ Dev Orgs, Medical Schools, Local
 Hospitals, Clinics & Grassroots Organizations

Contact: International Projects/Overseas Programs
 Tel: 212-870-2106

E-mail: <International_Programs@juno.com>

OnLine Info: E-Mail to <International_ProgramS@juno.com>
 & in the Subject Field, type either:

 1- "SEND DIRECTOR/LEADER PACKET" [26 yrs & up w/ leadership skills]
 or
 2- "SEND PACKET FOR VOLs/INTERNS" [all welcome; college-age & up]
 Crossroads helps Volunteers/Interns raise needed funds;
 Early application is essential

Website: http://www.igc.org/oca/
 (here, find brochure, application, information, etc.,
 OBTAINABLE ALSO BY E-MAIL-see above)

========================================================================
 P R O J E C T D I R E C T O R S / L E A D E R S
========================================================================

If you have experience in a field related to a Crossroads project, and
a strong interest in Africa and in team work, pls contact the organization.

As a Project Director/Group Leader, you will be in charge of
10 to 14 Volunteers/Interns (who will be professionals, students,
researchers, non-students and others, all ages), usually in a rural
community or village setting. This is an intense living, learning
and work experience.

________________________________________________________________________

Multi-disciplinary Projects

 Nursing * Medicine * Clinical * Primary Care * Rainforest * Ecology
 Health * Social Sciences * Nutrition * Education * Econ & Comm Dev
 Gender Issues * Wildlife * Anthropology * Water & Sanitation * Folklore
 Agriculture * Dist Lrng * Ethnomusicology * Dance * Computer Literacy
 Construction of Clinics, Libraries, Homes * Traditional Medicine
 Human Rights * Land tenure issues * Work camps * Living in villages

 200 - 250 Volunteers & 20 - 25 Projects
 __________________________________________________________________________

BRAZIL: Land Tenure Reform/Settlement Communities/Rainforest-Ecology

 << B A H I A >>

This project with multiple objectives is in the Mata Atlantica (Coastal
Forest) area in the Southern Cone of the State of Bahia. This is where
local poor communities are struggling to gain access to land via
articulated political effort.

There are over a dozen officially recognized Land Reform Settlemnts in this
region, where former landless peasants are striving to promote efforts
to save the remnants of this unique patch of rich, bio-diverse forest, as
well as to secure their access to land by changing the parameters of Land
Tenure in that area.

We have been contacted by leaders of these communities seeking help with
the various projects they deem vital. These projects will deal with
Reforestation, Human Rights, Youth Development, Education & Training,
Primary Care and Health, as well as Ecological issues.
_________________________________________________________________________

 Crossroads, cited by JF Kennedy as the model used for the Peace Corps
 Celebrating 40 yrs of service by 10,000 Volunteers
 A Non-Profit/Private 501(C)(3) Organization - Since 1957

 Website: http://www.igc.org/oca/
 E-Mail: <International_ProgramS@juno.com>

_____________________

University Services
International Internships

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 U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series

 The Role of Energy Technologies in Determining the Long-Term Costs for
 Stabilizing the Carbon Dioxide Concentration

How does one estimate long-term costs to the global economy of stabilizing
greenhouse gas emissions? What are the factors that determine how costly it
will be to mitigate emissions over the long-term? What role does the rate
of technology development play?

 Public Invited

 Monday, April 21, 1997, 3:15-4:45 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

The Honorable Mark Chupka, Acting Assistant Secretary for the Office of
Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC

SPEAKERS

Dr. James A. Edmonds, Global Environmental Change Program, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, Washington, DC

Dr. Joseph Romm, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC

 OVERVIEW

 The Role of Technology Improvements in Stabilizing the Atmospheric
 Carbon Dioxide Concentration

 The long-term objective of the Framework Convention on Climate
Change (FCCC) is the "stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in
the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic
interference with the climate system." This objective is framed in terms of
the concentrations of greenhouse gases rather than their emissions.
Emissions and concentrations have a complex relationship.

 Setting a concentration goal has several important implications for
global emissions. For carbon dioxide (CO2), the most important greenhouse
gas being directly affected by human activities, the implications of
stabilization include:

1) The world must ultimately virtually phase out freely vented carbon
emissions, regardless of the concentration ceiling. That is, ultimately,
net global carbon emissions must approach zero. But, depending on the
concentration goal, "ultimately" has a long time scale, perhaps hundreds of
years; and

2) For many choices of the concentration goal, near-term global emissions
may continue to grow, with dates at which emissions must depart from
business-as-usual paths depending on the atmospheric concentration ceiling
chosen and the particular pathway. Based on some example cases with
particular assumptions, following the emissions path for a 450 ppmv ceiling
computed by Wigley, Richels and Edmonds (Nature, 1996), global emissions
would need to start departing from business-as-usual by the year 2007, peak
at about 2011, and begin their long-term decline thereafter. For a 550 ppmv
ceiling, global emissions would need to start to depart from
business-as-usual by the year 2013, but global emissions could continue to
rise until 2033 before starting to decline over an extended period.

 The path of global emissions can have important implications for
the costs of mitigation (i.e., of changing energy systems) for stabilizing
the atmospheric concentration, regardless of the ceiling chosen. [Note that
the environmental and socioeconomic benefits (or avoided costs) of climate
change are not yet being included in these calculations of the costs of
mitigation.] Recent research has shown that there is an order of magnitude
difference in mitigation costs between pathways which employ flexibility in
"where" and "when" emissions are mitigated and pathways which do not
consider such issues. According to these calculations, well-crafted
policies including "where" and "when" flexibility could make achieving the
goal of the FCCC relatively inexpensive (e.g., less than 1% of present
discounted global GDP for some choices of the ceiling and rates of energy
technology improvement). However, poorly crafted policies could be both
expensive and ineffective.

 The suite of technologies available for mitigation has a similarly
profound effect on the cost of achieving any concentration target. The
value of energy technologies can be estimated using economic models. If
only 1990 technologies are available, the cost of stabilizing the
atmospheric CO2 concentration is estimated to be an order of magnitude
greater than if the suite of technologies foreseen in the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenario IS92a (Leggett et al., 1992)
becomes available. Another order of magnitude reduction in cost could be
obtained if a suite of advanced energy technologies which, while not
currently available, were to become widely available by the year 2020, as
described in IPCC (1996b).

 Thus, the value of an increasing rate of energy technology
development and deployment is very high, reaching trillions of dollars, and
delaying technology development makes mitigation more costly.

 The Prospects for Cleaner and More Efficient Energy Technologies

 The overarching goal of efforts to improve technologies and to mold
government policies is to ensure that "total benefits outweigh total
costs," to use the phrase from the recent Arrow, Jorgenson, Krugman,
Nordhaus, Solow et al. statement. Such a goal is potentially achievable
because many technologies provide multiple, so-called "no regrets"
benefits, such as increased productivity and a reduction in air pollutants.
Significant progress is possible because cleaner and more efficient
technologies are underutilized in all sectors of the economy. On the demand
side, energy efficiency offers the potential to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions at low or no cost in the key sectors of transportation, building,
and industry. Similar potential exists on the supply side through the wider
use of cleaner fossil fuel technologies, especially those utilizing natural
gas. A number of partnerships between the government and private sector are
working to remove the barriers to wider use of both supply and demand
technologies.

 Beyond existing technologies, a number of very-low or no-carbon
technologies are in the pipeline, including stationary fuel cells, advanced
turbines, bioenergy, "clean" diesel engines, and next-generation
wind-power. With accelerated R&D and increasing use of these technologies
(i.e., their diffusion into the marketplace), these technologies nad
advances could have a significant impact in the medium term. In the longer
term, a number of technologies hold the promise of reducing
climate-mitigation costs, including next-generation fossil energy
technologies and a variety of renewable energy technologies, such as
photovoltaics and transportation fuel cells.

 Biographies

 Dr. James A. Edmonds is a Chief Scientist and the Technical Leader
of Economic Programs at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL),
Washington DC office. He has been associated with PNNL since 1986, during
which time he has developed and contributed to programs in the area of
global change and sustainable development. Dr. Edmonds is best known for
his research on the interactions between global climate and human
activities. He is the co-developer of the often cited Edmonds-Reilly-Barns
model of global energy and economy. Dr. Edmonds has written numerous papers
and books on the subject of global change, including Global Energy
Assessing the Future, with John Reilly (Oxford University Press). His book,
with Don Wuebbles, A Primer on Greenhouse Gases won the scientific book of
the year award at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

 Dr. Edmonds also served as a lead author on five chapters of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Second Assessment Report,
including three chapters for Working Group III and two for Working Group
II. He also served as a lead author on the IPCC First Assessment Report and
the 1992 and 1994 updates. Dr. Edmonds' current research focuses on
development of a Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) system and on
related policy research. He heads the development of a Second Generation
Model as an international collaboration between PNNL and nine research
institutions located around the world, and he has also initiated a program
to assess the state of the social sciences with regard to their
contribution to knowledge relevant to climate change. Dr. Edmonds' Global
Climate Change Group received the Director's Award for Research Excellence
at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 1995.

 Before joining PNNL, Dr. Edmonds headed the Washington DC office of
the Institute for Energy Analysis, Oak Ridge Associated Universities
(1978-86). Prior to that, he was an Assistant Professor of Economics and
Chairman of the Department of Economics and Business Administration at
Centre College of Kentucky (1974-78). He graduated with a M.A. (1972) and
Ph.D. (1974) from Duke University. His undergraduate degree is from
Kalamazoo College (1969).

 Dr. Joseph Romm is Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Energy
Efficiency and Renewable Energy at the U.S. Department of Energy. In this
capacity, Dr. Romm helps the Assistant Secretary, Christine Ervin, manage
the eight hundred million dollar portfolio of research, development, and
deployment of clean industrial, transportation, building, and utility
technologies. Prior to his service at the U.S. Department of Energy, Dr.
Romm worked in the field of alternative energies and energy efficiency with
Amory Lovins at the Rocky Mountain Institute.

 Dr. Romm holds a Ph.D. degree in physics from M.I.T. and
has written about pollution prevention and manufacturing for Forbes,
Technology Review, Foreign Affairs, Industrial Engineering, The New York
Times, and USA Today. He is the author of three books, most recently "Lean
and Clean Management: How to Increase Profits and Productivity by Reducing
Pollution" (Kodansha, 1994), a "how to" book for companies that want to
improve their energy and environmental performance. He is also the
co-author, with outgong Deputy Secretary of Energy Charles Curtis, of the
April 1996 Atlantic Monthly cover story, "Mideast Oil Forever."

 The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, May 12, 1997

 Planned Topic: To Be Announced

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Offiice Code
YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax:
(202) 358-4103 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 20:51:49 1997
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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 1997 19:04:33 -0500 (BOGOTA)
From: GONZALEZ GUARIN ANA MARCELA BI <agonzal@javercol.javeriana.edu.co>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Hi everyone
I am a biology student making my thesis in population biology of
zoanthids, I would apreciate any information about this item, specially
the effects of fragmentetion and coral growth rates.
Thanks in advance.
You can reply to me at this adress
agonzal@javercol.javeriana.edu.co

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 17 05:36:51 1997
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Date: Thu, 17 Apr 1997 10:40:01 +0200
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Reinhold Leinfelder <reinhold.leinfelder@geologie.uni-stuttgart.de>
Subject: RE: corals and Cernobyl
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Many thanks to all of you who have answered my question. I do not want to
go into big discussion here on the list server, but I feel, a short
explanation for why I raised the question is necessary (this is
particularly for you, Bob Buddemeier, since you provided me with that
public sermon).

I wanted to keep my original question as short as possible. This is why I
did not add that we are NOT working on this topic (radionuclids in corals).
I did NOT intend getting a 'cheap' ressource collection for an eventual own
project proposal or anything like that.

The reason for the question was:

As member of the German IYOR coordination team this question was addressed
to me by a TV journalist. Since he is preparing a TV contribution on IYOR I
promised looking for some rapid information. (I am working mostly on 150
Mio a old Jurassic reefs, no Cernobyl that time!). Time for intense
literature research was not available (and by the way, not many libraries
here have the respective literature - we are not really a 'reef country').
And, sorry, I couldn't put the question in another way because the way I
put it was exactly what the journalist wanted to know.

After asking other colleagues working on this topic (including some working
in the Red Sea) I 'dared' (how could I, Bob!) (ab)using the listserver as
an emergency helpline, this seemed to have been a mistake, at least in the
eyes of Bob.I just thought that answering this question (I only wanted
'yes/no' and 'if yes, where') could be kind of solidarity act towards IYOR
and the reefs. My mistake was that I forgot to add the context.

I hope that the listserver will remain a tool not only for extensive
discussion on special topics but also for rapid contact and rapid help for
those who occasionally need to get a rapid answer for a simple but
important question.

Some of the answers addressed directly to me were very helpful. Others have
asked for providing them with informations on the topic. Thanks to Bob's
comment, you know now most about the state of the art concerning corals and
Cernobyl.
However, I do not want to forget the helpful reference provided by Alberto
Acosta:

Acosta, A., Fowler, S, Teyssie, J.L. and Jaubert, J.: Uptake and release of
heavy metals and radionuclides in corals.- 8th Intern. Coral Reef Symp.
Panama 1996, Abstracts, p. 2.

Again, many thanks

Regards Reinhold

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 15:50:24 1997
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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 1997 14:16:23 -0900 (PDT)
From: Teresa Turner <tturner@uvi.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: CLOD info request
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I would appreciate it if someone would send me any more info on CLOD
since the Littler's paper in Science. Thanks.

| Dr. Teresa Turner tturner@uvi.edu |
| Div. of Science & Math |
| University of the Virgin Islands |
| St. Thomas, VI 00802 (809) 693-1231 |

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 16:15:35 1997
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Date: Wed, 16 Apr 1997 08:50:04 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Carl Stepath <sos@aloha.net>
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<fontfamily><param>Courier</param><smaller>Aloha from Hawaii,

We want to find out more about Oceans Day. Could you please notify us
of the email address of the founding organization for this
international holiday. When is it officially observed, and is it still
in effect?

A major calendar company is considering putting it on their calendar
and we need more information to get the facts straight for them, and
show that it is a legitimate holiday.

Thank you for your help.

Carl Stepath</smaller></fontfamily>

 Carl M. Stepath, Executive Director

 "Save Our Seas"

 P.O.Box 598, Hanalei, HI 96714, USA

 808-826-2525, fax 826-7770

 website: http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 16 17:11:13 1997
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Subject: Oceans Day
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<fontfamily><param>Courier</param><smaller>Aloha from Hawaii,

We want to find out more about Oceans Day. Could you please notify us
of the email address of the founding organization for this
international holiday. When is it officially observed, and is it still
in effect?

A major calendar company is considering putting it on their calendar
and we need more information to get the facts straight for them, and
show that it is a legitimate holiday.

Thank you for your help.

Carl Stepath</smaller></fontfamily>

 Carl M. Stepath, Executive Director

 "Save Our Seas"

 P.O.Box 598, Hanalei, HI 96714, USA

 808-826-2525, fax 826-7770

 website: http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 21 10:40:55 1997
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Date: Mon, 21 Apr 1997 10:34:17 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: International Year of the Reef <iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network <gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: GCRMN Report
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A recent report by Bernard Salvat, Chairman of the Scientific and
Technical Advisory Committee, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, may be
viewed at the following URL:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/stac.html

The text of this document (about 19 pages) may also be retrieved via
anonymous FTP from the CHAMP FTP site at:

	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/gcrmn

The following file names and formats are there:

	stac.doc	MS Word 6.0
	stac.p65	Adobe Pagemaker 6.5
	stac.pdf	Adobe Portable Document Format

Following is a summary listing of the document contents.

--------------------------------------------------------------

 SUMMARY

1 - Management Group Composition (MG / GCRMN)

2 - Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee composition (STAC / GCRMN)

3 - First year progress report of the IOC-UNEP-IUCN GCRMN

4 - IOC Report to the CPC of ICRI (Coordination and Planning Committee 8-9
April 1997, Canberra - Albert Tolkatchev (4th april 1997)

5 - Summary of progress in GCRMN regions to March 1997 Clive Wilkinson (2
April 1997)

6 - Pilot Monitoring project, Clive Wilkinson (12th February 1997)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 21 10:45:44 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: CALL FOR PARTICIPATION - CALL FOR PAPERS
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Forwarded message:

-------------------------------------------
Date: Mon, 21 Apr 1997 09:23:21 -0400 (EDT)
From: Petr Cejchan <recovery@gli.cas.cz>
Subject: interested in history of life ?

CALL FOR PARTICIPATION - CALL FOR PAPERS

"Biotic Recoveries from Mass Exctinctions"

September 12-14, 1997
Prague, Czech Republic

_____________________________________________

PLEASE, POINT YOUR WWW BROWSER TO:
http://www.gli.cas.cz/conf/recovery/recovery.htm
_____________________________________________

e-mail: recovery@gli.cas.cz
Please forward this message to your colleagues or other
persons of interest!

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 10 15:28:08 1997
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REEF ENCOUNTER No. 21
NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Dear all,

We are currently looking for articles for the next issue of Reef Encounter.
We would welcome contributions from a few hundred words to a couple of pages
on any aspect of reef studies, including news, comments, short reviews (but
not original scientific data) and also illustrations/cartoons. Our deadline
is 1st May and text sent by email is strongly prefered. You can also send
illustrations (and text if desired) to the address at the end of this message.

Please email your articles to one of us at:
Maggie Watson, iclarm@caribsurf.com
David Obura, dobura@users.africaonline.co.ke
Sue Wells Senior Editor, swells@wwfnet.org

If you are interested in joining the International Society for Reef Studies
and receiving Reef Encounter please contact Callum Roberts, cr10@york.ac.uk

Finally, Sue, David, and I would like to apologise to any members still
awaiting Reef Encounter No. 20. If it's not with you yet it is in the post.
The delay was due to two job changes amongst the editors who are now rather
spread out across the globe. However, we are determined to get No. 21 back
on schedule. Please bear with us and keep sending in your articles!

Maggie, Sue and David
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3233, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-809-494 5681(office hours) or 1-809-499 2199 (mobile - any time)
Fax: 1-809-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm@caribsurf.com
============================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 21 12:27:32 1997
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Date: Mon, 21 Apr 1997 12:29:01 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Frank Muller-Karger (U. South FLorida / Marine Sci.)" <carib@marine.usf.edu>
X-Sender: carib@carbon
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov
cc: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "Eduardo Klein S." <eklein@usb.ve>,
 Estacion de Investigaciones Marinas de Margarita <cariaco@telcel.net.ve>,
 Clemente Balladares <cballada@conicit.ve>,
 "Frank Muller-Karger - U. South Florida/Marine Science" <carib@marine.usf.edu>,
 Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>, pmuller@marine.usf.edu,
 Darrel Williams <darrel@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov>,
 "Sam Goward (U MD)" <sg21@umailsrv0.umd.edu>,
 "Kendall Carder (USF/DMS)" <kcarder@monty.marine.usf.edu>,
 terry.arvidsen@gsfc.nasa.gov
Subject: LANDSAT-7 and coral reef coverage
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******** PLEASE PASS ON AS NEEDED **************

Dear Colleague:

NASA is preparing to launch the LANDSAT-7 satellite in May, 1998, carrying
the ETM+ (Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus) instrument. The LANDSAT-7 mission
is an integral part of NASA's Earth Observing System, and as such, data
will be available at cost of reproduction from the US archives which will
be operated by the EROS Data Center. While a price for cost of
reproduction has not been defined yet, it is expected that the ETM+ data
will be either free of cost or delivered at less than US$500 per scene.
Further, please note that ETM+ data will not have copyright restrictions
and therefore you will be able to share the data freely.

In an effort to assess the requirements for remote sensing of coral reefs,
we are soliciting inputs from coral reef researchers as well as resource
managers from around the world. In essence, we are seeking your input in
order to ensure maximum coverage of key research sites.

Please assemble the following information and forward it to my attention
(Frank Muller-Karger, carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu).
Please use a clear subject title in your mail message, and include:

- path/row, lat/lon location of each reef
- desired acquisition frequency for the archive
 -- how many times a year
 -- which times of year
- conditions of acquisition
 -- gain settings (high or low gain)
 -- cloudiness level
 -- solar zenith angle
- any requirements for night imagery
- short science justification for putting reef data in the archive

We will attempt to assemble a list of targets for LANDSAT-7, and your
input is important to succeed in scheduling routine coverage of key coral
reef regions around the globe. This information will be supplied to the
LANDSAT-7 Project Office and Mission Operactions Center.

For background information on the mission:

The LANDSAT-7 ETM+ will have the same bands as the TM of LANDSATs-4 and 5,
and in addition it will have:
- a panchromatic band with 15m spatial resolution
- on board, full aperture, 5% absolute radiometric calibration
- a thermal IR channel with 60m spatial resolution

A summary description of the LANDSAT-7 and ETM+ may be found at:
http://geo.arc.nasa.gov/sge/landsat/l7.html

The recent history and developments of the Landsat-7 mission may be
reviewed at:
http://atlantis.idinc.com/landsat/

Thank you for your attention,

Frank Muller-Karger
(LANDSAT Science Team Member)

__________________________________ FMK ________________________________________

Frank Muller-Karger			Remote Sensing/Biological Oceanogr.
Department of Marine Science
University of South Florida		Phone: (813) 553-3335 (Off.)
140 7th Ave. South			 (813) 893-9186 (Lab.)
St Petersburg, FL 33701			FAX: (813) 893-9103

 << carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu >>
_______________________________________________________________________________

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 21 15:36:37 1997
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: jlichtman@rsmas.miami.edu (Jimmy Lichtman)
Subject: netiquette
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here's a url for some ideas on net etiquette.

http://www.primenet.com/~vez/neti.html

-jimmy

 |\ ( )
_____________________________________|_\_________________________
Jimmy Lichtman ----- -_-_
Graduate Student -- - -

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 24 05:44:57 1997
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To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se>,
 <fisheries@ecology.bio.dfo.ca>, <fishfolk@mitvma.mit.edu>,
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From: "Christopher Burton" <cburton@fish.wa.gov.au>
Subject: Live fish export industry
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Hi

I am currently writing a draft policy document for the Western Australian
Department of Fisheries on the development and management of a live-finfish
export industry in Western Australia.

Has anyone information, experiences, existing or developing policies for
management, ideas and otherwise things that I may consider in relation to
the live-fish export industry?

Thankyou everyone, in anticipation

regards

Chris

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 24 16:15:07 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: mattia@cbl.cees.edu (Christopher M. Mattia)
Subject: Sea Grant Coral Reef Related Publications Listing
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I have just recently finished a comprehensive listing of all coral reef
related publications that have been produced through the National Sea Grant
College Program. My listing contains nearly 1,000 references broken down
into 9 groups. The list is published on the Web site for my Senior Thesis
at St. Mary's College of Maryland.

http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/SMProject

The Sea Grant link on the Main page will take you directly to the listing.
E-mail me (mattia@cbl.cees.edu) if you would like me to send you complete
copy in Microsoft Word 6.x or Word Perfect 6.x and let me know for which
platform you use.

chris

Christopher M. Mattia
CBL-CEES-UMD
P.O. Box 38
Solomons MD 20688
Phone (410) 326-7345
Fax (410) 326-7419
mattia@cbl.cees.edu
http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/

Non-Destructive Coral Health Monitoring Home Page:
http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/SMProject/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 25 03:30:48 1997
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Date: Fri, 25 Apr 1997 08:57:58 +0200 (MET DST)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Erik Meesters <meese000@goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de>
Subject: Tanzanian coral reefs
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Dear colleagues,

Does anyone of you know of publications/(available)gray literature on the
composition of the biological communities off the coast of Tanzania. More
specifically I'm interested in the area around Tanga. I'm also looking for
abiotic data such as yearly variations in currents, temperature etc.

Thanks for any suggestions you may have and make sure you don't send them to
the whole list. Anyone who is interested in the information, should sent an
email to me personally and I'll make sure they get an overview of the
collected information.

Best wishes to you all!

Erik

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Erik Meesters
Institute for Physiological Chemistry
2nd Floor Department of Applied Molecular Biology
Johannes Gutenberg University
Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz
Germany
Ph. 49-(0)6131-395210
Fax 49-(0)6131-395243
--------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 25 14:13:58 1997
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Date: Fri, 25 Apr 1997 12:14:57 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: MARBIO List-Server <marbio@mote.org>, Ecology List <ECOLOG-L@umdd.umd.edu>
Subject: Workshop on Destructive Fishing Practices
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970425115438.18478A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Following is an announcement I am passing along. I do not have any
further information.
			-- JCH

-----------------------------------

 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
 Workshop on the Impacts of
 Destructive Fishing Practices on
 the Marine Environment

 16-18 December 1997
 Hong Kong

Themes of the Workshop:

1) Impacts of Destructive Fishing Practices
2) Protection of the Coral Reef Environment
3) Promotion of Environmentally Friendly Fishing Practices
4) Legislation, Enforcement and Management Strategy

Deadline for Abstracts: July 15, 1997

----------------------------------

For further information, contact:

The Workshop Secretariat
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
 Workshop on the Impacts of
 Destructive Fishing Practices on
 the Marine Environment
c/o Aberdeen Fisheries Office
Agriculture and Fisheries Department
100A Shek Pai Wan Road
Aberdeen, Hong Kong

Tel: (852) 2843 8331
Fax: (852) 2814 0018

(no email address available)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr 26 09:53:28 1997
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Date: Sat, 26 Apr 1997 14:45:56 +0200 (MET DST)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Erik Meesters <meese000@goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de>
Subject: Digital video cameras
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Dear colleagues,

Is there anyone out there in cyberspace that has experience using digital
video cameras for wet data collection and subsequent analysis.

More specifically I'm interested in your experiences with

the Sony DCR-VX1000 (preferably using the Amphibico under-water housing), and

the Panasonic 3CCD DV-camcorder (Seapro housing).

Please respond to me personally and not to the list. Thanks in advance for
your help.

Erik

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Erik Meesters
Institute for Physiological Chemistry
2nd Floor Department of Applied Molecular Biology
Johannes Gutenberg University
Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz
Germany
Ph. 49-(0)6131-395210
Fax 49-(0)6131-395243
--------------------------------------------------------------------

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From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
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To: Erik Meesters <meese000@goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de>
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Subject: Re: Digital video cameras
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Erik,

The Waikiki Aquarium has a SONY DCR-VX 1000 in an Amphibico housing. We
have had excellent results and it produces broadcast quality images.
Copies are identical to the original because it's digital. I'll send a
longer message with more info to you personally rather than cluttering up
everyone's mail-box, however, I am also interested in sharing experiences
with others using this camera underwater. I have encountered a few
glitches.

Bruce Carlson
**************************************************

On Sat, 26 Apr 1997, Erik Meesters wrote:

> Dear colleagues,
>
> Is there anyone out there in cyberspace that has experience using digital
> video cameras for wet data collection and subsequent analysis.
>
> More specifically I'm interested in your experiences with
>
> the Sony DCR-VX1000 (preferably using the Amphibico under-water housing), and
>
> the Panasonic 3CCD DV-camcorder (Seapro housing).
>
> Please respond to me personally and not to the list. Thanks in advance for
> your help.
>
> Erik
>
>
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> Dr. Erik Meesters
> Institute for Physiological Chemistry
> 2nd Floor Department of Applied Molecular Biology
> Johannes Gutenberg University
> Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz
> Germany
> Ph. 49-(0)6131-395210
> Fax 49-(0)6131-395243
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Apr 27 13:15:48 1997
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From: lintel@dhivehinet.net.mv (lintel)
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Hello. I understand someone has been using electical energy to
precipitate calcium carbonate onto wire mesh t enhance reef accretion.
Rumours abound here in Maldives, but no hard facts as yet. If you have
been doing such work please contact me about it. If anyone has
cost-benefit information about this approach, I would be pleased to learn
of it also.

Thank you and please respond directly and only to me.

Sincerely,

William R. Allison (Bill)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 28 00:54:35 1997
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Date: Sun, 27 Apr 1997 21:13:18 -0400 (EDT)
From: Mike Mascia <mbm4@mail.duke.edu>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: info request re:MPA/reef monitoring
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	I am a PhD candidate in environmental policy at Duke University in
the United States, focusing my research on the governance of marine protected
areas (MPAs) in the Wider Caribbean. My (political science) dissertation
research design hinges upon my ability to make a qualitative assessment of
the ecological impact of MPA establishment on the 'protected' marine
environment at a number of Caribbean MPAs. Unfortunately, I have only been
able to identify two or three MPAs that meet this criterion.

	Does anyone know of any Caribbean MPAs that have been monitored well
enough to permit a qualitative assessment of the effect of MPA management
(based on change in percent coral cover or other reef indicators) to be made?
I would appreciate any help (suggested references, contacts, etc.) that
members of the list can provide me.

	While I would obviously prefer to base my assessments on
peer-reviewed research, I am interested in any and all secondary source
ecological data that might provide the basis for assessment. Furthermore,
temporally sporadic data collection and inconsistent data collection methods
are not necessarily a problem for me in my research, as I am interested in
comparing these indicator data in a purely qualitative manner. I am also
interested in any unpublished monitoring data that might permit an assessment
to be made. (Please let me emphasize that my use of ecological monitoring
data will simply be as a springboard for my social science analysis, and
should not interfere in any way with publication of these ecological data in
natural science journals.)

	Again, any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

	Thanks in advance.

Mike Mascia

PS Please reply directly to me rather than to the entire list. If
there is sufficient interest, I will post a summary of all responses to
the list.
******************************************************************************
Michael B. Mascia
Ph.D. candidate-environmental policy
Duke University School of the Environment
Marine Laboratory				phone: (919) 504-7566
135 Duke Marine Lab Road			fax: (919) 504-7648
Beaufort, NC 28516-9721 USA			email: mbm4@mail.duke.edu
******************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 30 09:59:07 1997
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Dear List members,

Regarding my request for information on experiences with using digital video
cameras underwater I've had a reasonable number of responses.

There appear to be quite a lot of people interested digital recording. So,
in stead of cluttering the list with every single message I receive, I will
make an overview of the responses in a couple of days and post it on the
list (including a list of contributors).

So please, if there are more people that have bad/good experiences, tips,
etc about the use of digital cameras (including digital photo cameras) under
water, then send an email to me personally (I'm sorry about the horrible
address, but you can copy and paste it too).

Have a good week,
Erik

--------------------------------------------------------------------
Dr. Erik Meesters
Institute for Physiological Chemistry
2nd Floor Department of Applied Molecular Biology
Johannes Gutenberg University
Duesbergweg 6, 55099 Mainz
Germany
Ph. 49-(0)6131-395210
Fax 49-(0)6131-395243
--------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 30 09:59:17 1997
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Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 16:07:04 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jennifer Anna Bossung <jab18@acpub.duke.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Panama lobster
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Hello all- I have a question regarding two types of lobster found in
Caribbean waters (specifically off the coast of Panama). The first is a
migratory form, locally known as "pinky," which travels (or used to
travel) south from Nicaragua to Panama in large groups. They are supposed
to be characteristically pink in color (when alive). The second type is
locally called "obia," and has green-tipped appendages. Can anyone tell
me what the scientific names of these critters are? Thank you, Jenna
Bossung (please reply to jab18@acpub.duke.edu)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 30 10:20:08 1997
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To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se>,
 <livesea-mg-owner@seagrant.orst.edu>,
 <owner-marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
From: "Christopher Burton" <cburton@fish.wa.gov.au>
Subject: CYANIDE FISHING
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Hi everyone

Further to my first posting regarding a live-fish industry in WA, I want to
know if there are different forms of cyanide used in Asian waters for the
capture of live fish ie. Sodium and Potassium cyanide or anything else, and
if so, are there any differences between these chemicals and their effects?

Thankyou for your help

Chris

Chris Burton
Research Consultant
Western Australian Marine Research Laboratories
Fisheries Department of Western Australia
P.O. Box 20
North Beach, 6020
Western Australia

Email:	cburton@fish.wa.gov.au
Fax:	61 9 447 3062
Phone:	61 9 246 8444

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 30 10:24:36 1997
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Date: Tue, 29 Apr 1997 08:50:16 -0700
From: lintel@dhivehinet.net.mv (lintel)
Organization: Lintel & Fashan
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: For those interested in reef enhancement responses
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This is a summary of the information obtained in response to my inquiry
(original copied at end of message). It is a laundry list, in the order
that mail appeared in my directory. I am surprised that the search turned
up so little by way of evaluative information and invite further response
along these lines.

Sincerely, William Allison (Bill)

That electrical reef enhancement began with Wolf Hilbertz working in St
Croix 20 years ago who later worked at Discovery Bay and then with Tom
Goreau in Negril. Apparently, in addition to accretion of CaCO3 on wire
mesh, the growth of coral recruits, or individuals attached to the
frames, is enhanced by the electric potential.

Goreau in the Caribbean, and the French and Germans in the Gulf of Aqaba.

The people involved are, I believe Wolf Hilbertz (Germany) and Tom Goreau
(Jamaica).

The SCORE concept (undefined but I assume this is the technique) was
presented on the BOOT exhibition in Duesseldorf as our participation
within the activities of the IYOR. The reply was broadcast so I assume
the reader has it all).

Randy Edwards at Mote Marine Lab in Sarasota, Florida, tried the
electrical technique that you mentioned. You can reach him at
redwards@mote.org.

Paper has very recently been publised in Marine Ecology Progress Series.
It's titled: New coral transplantation technology-options for reef
rehabilitation by P. van Treek and H. Schumacher. I don't know the exact
issue and I don't have meps, so good luck.

I think it is Thomas Goreau and associates, but I do not have his
address.

Be careful: at least 20 years ago when those electrical precipitation
experiments were being done in St. Croix, what was initially being
precipitated was not just calcium carbonate but rather a mixture of
aragonite and brucite (Mg(OH)2) because the pH was being raised locally
in the vicinity of the mesh.

Original message:
Hello. I understand someone has been using electical energy to
precipitate calcium carbonate onto wire mesh t enhance reef accretion.
Rumours abound here in Maldives, but no hard facts as yet. If you have
been doing such work please contact me about it. If anyone has
cost-benefit information about this approach, I would be pleased to learn
of it also.
Thank you and please respond directly and only to me.

Sincerely,

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 30 10:33:51 1997
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Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 16:24:28 -0700
From: Peter van Treeck <van_treeck@uni-essen.de>
Reply-To: van_treeck@uni-essen.de
Organization: Uni GH Essen, Institut fr Oekologie / Abt. Hydrobiologie
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

--------------65BB267B25B1
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Dear coral listers
maybe I can help with some of the confusion concerning accretion
technology.
1. The accretion technology was invented by Wolf Hilbertz
2. Since a few years also Thomas Goreau is working with it together with
Wolf Hilbertz.
3.Our reef ecology group (Helmut Schuhmacher University of Essen) is
working with electrochemical accretion since 15 years.
During the last 5 years I did research on artificial reefs in the
northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea).
On the basis of our findings we developed a concept to create artificial
underwater parks as substitute habitats for recreational diving and reef
restoration. The options of the method is much broader but regarding the
impact of diving tourism on coral reefs our SCORE concept focuses on
that mainly.
Please find attached a scribbeling paper of the SCORE Underwater park
(Word 6.0).
The presentation of the SCORE concept was the contribution of the reef
ecology group of Essen University within the framework of german
activities in the IYOR.
4. some publikations (no complete list) meeting the technology including
our recent work on transplantation of coral nubbins are:

Hilbertz W (1992)Solar generated building material from seawater as a
sink for carbon. Ambio 21:126-129
Schuhmacher H, Schillak L(1994) Integrated elektrochemical and biogenic
deposition of hard material- a nature like colonization substrate. Bull.
Mar Sci 55:672-679
van Treeck P, Schuhmacher H (1997)Initial survival of coral nubbins
transplanted by a new coral transplantation technology- options for reef
rehabilitation. Mar Ecol Prog Ser (in press)

Comments are welcome,
Yours Peter

--
Peter van Treeck,
SUB-marine
Institute for Ecology/ Dept. Hydrobiology	Phone: 0049 201 183 3112
University of Essen, 45117 Germany		fax:	0049 201 183 2529

--------------65BB267B25B1
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 30 12:41:50 1997
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Dear all,
Please find some more details about our SCORE concept as attachment.
SCORE is a concept about an UW park created by electrochemical
accretion.
Main target is to offer substitute UW attractions for recreational
divers to mitigate the pressure on natural coral reefs.
Furthermore the accretion technology is suitable to restorate destroyed
coral reefs by offering a nature alike substrate (calcium carbonate) and
the option to transplant coral nubbins into this substrate while the
accretion process is in progress. I worked on that item since 5 years in
the northern Gulf of Aqaba (Red Sea).
Comment are welcome
So long Peter
--
Peter van Treeck,
SUB-marine
Institute for Ecology/ Dept. Hydrobiology	Phone: 0049 201 183 3112
University of Essen, 45117 Germany		fax:	0049 201 183 2529

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SCORE
	save coral reefs

Artificial reefs as
substitute under water attractions
- a way to protect natural diving resources

Coral reefs, unnoticed and hardly accessible until a few decades ago, are currently subjected
to the increasing pressure off mass tourism in form of SCUBA diving. Even a kind intention and
sufficient training do not prevent damages done to the reefs in the fragile china-shop of nature.
Every diver with a natural sense of responsibility and a certain degree of experience has to agree
that the expanding diving tourism has by far exceeded the ecologically bearable capacities at
many spots.
Although a more sensitive handling of coral reefs as a resource is showing first results (e.g.
setting of permanent buoys, integration of ecological aspects in the training of divers), SCUBA
diving is still leaving its immense traces of overuse in many reefs.

The dilemma of the restricted compatibility of nature conservation and personal and
commercial interests (which are comprehensible and justified), is forcing all the parties
concerned to undertake unconventional steps.

A way out could be the creation of artificial underwater parks. Marine biologists of the
University of Essen under the direction of Prof. Dr. Helmut Schuhmacher have developed a
concept for the installation of attractive recreation areas, based on long standing experiences
with artificial reefs. With the installation of appropriate structures in monotonous and
ecologically unobjectable regions (such as sand flats or already heavily destroyed areas),
attractive alternatives to genuine coral reefs could be created in many spots, being not only of
biological and aesthetic value but also fulfilling demands of SCUBA divers.
The interaction of designs particularly adapted to the needs of sport diving and the provision of
suitable colonisation surfaces will generate flourishing, self-growing structures which not only
meet the various claims of the diver but also become living space for many reef organisms.

The benefit of this concept is apparent in all mentioned sectors. Beside the direct profit for
nature conservation based on a reduction of the diving activity in genuine reefs, in the course of
time, positive effects are expected with regard to the recolonization aspects, the diving training
and the goals of environmental education. Well managed underwater parks can promote the idea
of smooth tourism.

SCORE, the initiative developed in the Department of Hydrobiology of the University of
Essen, is currently seeking to establish a community of interests charged with the task of
bringing together ecologists, sponsors, representatives of SCUBA diving and civil authorities
and to attend a pilot project. People interested in the initiative are requested to get in to contact
with

Prof. Dr. Helmut Schuhmacher
Institute f. Ecology / Dpt. Hydrobiology
University of Essen / 45117 Essen
or Peter van Treeck
 Fax 0201 183 2529
E-mail pvt@uni-essen.d

Scribbling paper for the use of artificial reefs as alternative -
underwater resorts for the activity of SCUBA diving

Coral reefs, being unnoticed and hardly accessible until a few decades ago, are, as a result of
expanding diving and mass tourism in the respective regions, exposed to an increasing pressure.
While in the past the main disturbance used to be a result of general pollution, input of sediments
and nutrients from agriculture and sewage influx, todays diving tourism is becoming a main
stress factor at many places, most of them being of outstanding biological interest, and exceeds
by far all the others factors touching the effects on the fragile ecosystem.

In the last years, concepts against this trend have been elaborated (last not least by diving
associations), aiming at the improvement of the diving training as well as a general control of the
diving spot. On the one hand , these concepts were appropriate to slow down local damages, on
the other , however, they could not stop the "consumption" of genuine reefs. For that reason, the
actual situation is calling for new unconventional steps to fight against the damages caused by
mass diving tourism.

In principle, the maximum demand of reef ecologists and environmentalists to drastically reduce
tourism and to except areas which are to be particularly protected from the utilisation as diving
resources is justified, in many regions, however not feasible in many developing countries
depending on diving tourism as a source of revenue and due to a lack of alternative tourist
attractions.
A way out of this dilemma could be the creation of artificial resort areas which are planned to be
installed at ecologically unobjectible places. With the aid of new technologies very diverse
landscapes can be created, meeting demands of divers as well as over all goals such as
environmental education and reconstruction concepts.

Construction of artificial reef structures by electrolysis

Using direct current at appropriately constructed electrodes, mineral compounds of the sea water
can be precipitated on the cathode. With this technique structures made out of metal or other
conductive materials become coated with carbonate minerals which represent an ideal
colonisation substrate for a variety of benthic organisms. Even stony corals can settle on this
substratum. Slight metal structures become reinforced by the approximately concrete hard
mineral coating.
Chicken wire, the preferred material used for the required matrix, has the great advantage of
allowing a very flexible design. The power supply can be brought out independent from local
nets by using photovoltaic panels. Anodes, wires and temporary fixing elements can be reused
after finishing the electrochemical process. Except the wire matrix the building material is
genuine material from the ocean itself. Another advantage compared with conventional
constructions made of concrete or other long lasting building components our structures can , if
necessary, be redissolved by changing the electrical poles.
The University of Essen has conducted a series of investigations in the Red Sea and is currently
looking for competent partners for the realisation of a large pilot installation.

Concept for the realisation of a marine recreation park

Such a model is meant for allowing a variety of different applications. The following
possibilities present themselves: Recreation areas, training and environmental education;
corresponding installation should meet the demands of ecology, security, aesthetics. With this
broad background in mind it does not make much sense to develop a universally applicable unit
which can fulfil all demands only with several restraints. We suggest a concept divided into
modules which can be shaped and combined with each other in accordance with their specific
tasks. An installation of this type consists of a more or less flexible number of modules.

One can contrive the following modules:

Recreation module: spacious structure with the option of exploring it from inside and outside;
substantial design with different demands to the coordinate skills of the diver; creation of
different habitats for the spontaneous settlement of characteristic organisms in the corresponding
area (a middle-sized wreck would be best choice); should also aesthetically speaking represent
the main attraction of the whole installation.

Training module: the most abstracted of the modules; allows in an ideal way the education and
advanced training of SCUBA divers under impeded (difficult) conditions (platform for putting
on and taking of air tanks, direction station for orientation diving set in corresponding distances,
mobile objects for rescue diving exercises).
The training module is the central unit placed next to the buoy for the anchoring of the diving
boats (meeting station, ..) and is intended to be the entrance of the whole park.

The rehabilitation module is set for a natural integration of artificial elements in the genuine
setting of the coral reef. Opportunities for underwater photography and education in marine
sciences; attractive design, but, as distinguished from the recreation module, focusing on the
importance of the unit to be protected (with restricted access).

The Environmental education module could have the form of an underwater trail for pointing
out interesting phenomena; makes the diver familiar with the most important faunal and floral
elements; could function as a link between the single components of the installation.

The single modules are characterised by a graded proximity to the genuine resources. Those units
which are faced to a strong pressure are principally developed taking in account sportive features
(aspects); with increasing interest to realise plans in environmental education, the utilisation has
to be limited. The main objective is to create attractive and functional conditions for the different
aspects and needs of diving, concentrated on a small area. The SCUBA diver is asked to adapt
his activities to the local (prevailing) conditions and not -as we know from the past- the other
way round!
Beside the above mentioned advantages, the concept of modules offers the possibility for a
stepwise integration of additional elements into the main complex. The capacities required for
the installation are relatively small and can be used over a long period of time (reutilisation as far
as possible).

--------------272A61AC71D--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 30 16:36:22 1997
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From: "Shawn Brooks" <sbrooks@waymark.net>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Mapping Software
Date: Wed, 30 Apr 1997 14:12:59 -0500
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I would be interested to know if there is software available that allows
the synthesis of photographic reef "maps" from a set of individual
photographs or video frames. I also would like to try asses the general
interest in such a tool. Any information or comments are appreciated.

Shawn

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 2 11:31:47 1997
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Date: Fri, 02 May 1997 09:13:17 -0300
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From: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri <avk.uneprcuja@toj.com>
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Dear All,

I have received brief information about an ongoing activity by the US
Government to establish environmental hubs in various regions of the world.
One of which will be (or is?) in Costa Rica to serve the Caribbean and Latin
America on corals reefs and coastal ecosystems.

Could any one provide us with additional information on this matter and how
to contact the Costa Rican partners?

Thank you.
Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri, Caribbean Environment Programme, UNEP, 14-20
Port Royal Street, Kingston, Jamaica

Phone: 876- 9229267
Fax: 876- 9229292

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 2 19:21:25 1997
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To: <FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Manado Seagarden diving centre <kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id>
Subject: Workshop on fish visual census - Ustica (Italy), june 1997
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To:
All people involved or interested in the
International Workshop on Fish Visual Census
Ustica (Italy), june 1997.

Short communications.

- The web page of the workshop has been recently updated with the inclusion
of all the abstracts so far received. If you want to have a look at the
arguments of the workshop, you can connect to
http://www.wp.com/kudalaut/vcensus.html

- With the opportunity, I remind to all the relators who did not send their
abstract yet, that the best way to send it is via e-mail, as a text file or
as a MSword 6.0 (or previous version) attachment to this address:
kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id

- Starting from 15 may 1997 the address <boyer@mbox.vol.it> will be the
active e-mail address for the workshop.

- For all the information relative to travel and accommodation in Ustica,
you can refer to Osteodes Travel Agent <osteodes@skyol.it>.

Thank you for your attention and see you in Ustica!

Massimo Boyer, Paola Bearzi

 PLEASE, NOTE THE NEW E-MAIL ADDRESS

 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
 * Manado Seagarden Diving Centre *
 * Kuda Laut Project *
 * P.O. Box 1535 *
 * Manado 95001 *
 * North Sulawesi *
 * Indonesia *
 * Phone and fax: +62 431 861100 *
 * E mail: kudalaut@manado.wasantara.net.id *
 * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut *
 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 5 05:52:41 1997
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Date: 	Mon, 5 May 1997 17:34:49 +0800 (HKT)
From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Subject: Reef Check Update - May 1997
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Reef Check Update - May 1997

Reef Check 1997 is an exciting volunteer initiative to carry out the first
global survey of coral reefs as part of the International Year of the Reef.
Teams of recreational divers are being trained by experienced reef scientists
who will also lead the field work. The surveys will be carried out between 14
June 1997 (Oceans Day) and 31 August. Simple techniques have been selected to
detect specific human impacts such as spearfishing, cyanide fishing, sea
cucumber harvesting, anchor damage to corals etc. The twin Reef Check
objectives are to obtain a global overview of human impacts on coral reefs and
to focus the attention of the public, business and government leaders on the
value and status of coral reefs and potential threats to their health. This
publicity should help to generate more support for coral reef research and
conservation.

As of 30 April, more than 100 teams from 35 countries have pledged to
undertake Reef Check surveys. Many teams are planning to survey more than one
site, therefore well over the initial goal of 100 reef sites will be surveyed
as part of Reef Check 1997.

Since the initial announcement in Reef Encounter No. 20, Reef Check
Headquarters was formally set up in the recently renamed Institute for
Environment and Sustainable Development at Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology (HKUST). The HKUST Research Centre has kindly provided funds to hire
an Assistant Coordinator, Australian Ms. Suzie Geermans, as well as donating
office space, clerical and computer support. In addition, there are now eleven
National and Regional Coordinators located around the world to help organize
team activities.

The Web site (http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html) has been up-dated, and new
pages have been added to cover fund-raising, media interactions, data
collection and analysis, as well as photographs of many of the common species
to be recorded. Even hardened reef scientists will want to have a look at the
holothurian photos prior to attempting underwater IDs!

Data will be collected throughout the summer. Press conferences will be held
in each country on 10 September to announce the local, regional and national
results, and an international press conference will be held in Hong Kong. Both
CNN and BBC have expressed interest in covering these events.

In April, a California film production company, Thomas Horton Associates,
experienced with producing Cousteau-type underwater documentaries agreed to
produce a Reef Check video series to be shown on Discovery Channel. This is a
major selling point for potential resort and hotel sponsors. We will be
selecting a number of sites to be featured in the documentary.

Also in April, the Reef Check methods underwent another round of field testing
in Hong Kong thanks to the support of recreational volunteers from the South
China Divers' Club and YMCA. Some minor fine tuning was suggested to smooth
operations and these changes have been added to the web page instructions. A
brief summary of regional activities is given below:

*****INDONESIA TAKES OFF******
Gayatri Lilley of WWF, has volunteered to be the Regional Coordinator for
Indonesia. In April, she organized a press conference which resulted in heavy
coverage in all major English and Bahasa newspapers and TV, and attracted the
support of four Government Ministers and key institutes and departments. With
about 17,500 islands stretching six and a half million kilometers from east to
west and 81,000 kilometers of coastline, Indonesia harbors some of the world's
richest coral reefs. Surveys are planned in Bali, Maluku, Seribu, Karimun Jawa,
Taka Bone Rete, Sulawesi and Teluk Cenderawasih, Irian Jaya. Gayatri has also
produced a lovely 3-color logo for Reef Check Indonesia. Contact Gayatri at:
<glilley@wwfnet.org> Fax: 62 21 739-5907

****** ALOHA FROM KAUAI, USA ******
We are doing Reef Check surveys at the Clean Oceans Conference on Kauai, June
14, 1997, and are also having a coral reef monitoring workshop. Scientists
lending a hand will be Drs. James Maragos, Richard Grigg, Cindy Hunter, Brian
Tissot, Alan Friedlander, and John McManus. A host of local celebrities,
students, politicians and other notables will attend. Carl M. Stepath
<sos@aloha.net> Fax: 808 826-7770 http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/

****** GERMANY/RED SEA ******
Moshira Hassan and Gert Woerheide have been successful in working through the
Egyptian bureaucracy and gaining permission for Reef Check to go forward in
Sharm el Sheikh, Sinai, Hurghada, Taba, and Safaga, Egypt. Team leaders will
include biologists from the University of Goettingen, GEOMAR, the University
of Giessen, the University of Glasgow, Scotland, CEREGE in France, the
University of Sydney in Australia, the University of Heidelberg, the Marine
Conservation Society in the United Kingdom and the University of Bologna in
Italy. Moshira Hassan <mhassan@geomar.de> Fax: 49 431 600-2941
Gert Woerheide <gwoerhe@ibm.net> Fax: 49 551 39-7996

In Israel, we are planning a survey for late July - early August, and have
organized a small team of dedicated divers; graduate students and PhD's at the
University of Haifa's Marine Civilizations Department. Our plan is to survey
the southern portion of the Coral Garden Nature reserve, and our goal is to
make a comparative check of the areas in front of dive centers, and those
further to the south. We hope to use this information to promote community
environmental awareness and conservation. As we are sharing the same wonderful
sea conditions and marine life as our Egyptian neighbors, we hope for some
combined involvement which may enable us to make some cooperative surveys in
the Sinai Peninsula. Any questions or comments please contact Joe Breman at
<jbreman@study.haifa.ac.il> Fax: 972 4824-0391

****** EASTERN USA ******
For Florida Keys Reef Check, we will be training "trainers" on June 7. In May
we will be recruiting from our list of about 400 volunteers. We already have
volunteer vessels committed throughout the Keys. Reef Check surveys will be
carried out each weekend throughout the open period. The trainers will be
training new volunteers throughout the summer and other trained volunteers will
be monitoring. I think we will have a great deal of data by summer's end!
Mary Enstrom <menstrom@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>

****** SOUTHWESTERN USA ******
We are organizing week-long Reef Check expeditions to Belize, Cozumel, and the
Mexican Yucatan. We are working with Drs Judy Lang, Mito Paz, Chagin and
Thomas Iliffe as well as with Journey's End Resort in Belize. We have a Reef
Check exhibit at the Dive Dallas Exposition. There will be an IYOR Reef Check
Sport Divers Workshop and Coral Reef Conference 22-26 June at Journey's End
Resort in Belize. Houston news media, both television and newspaper, Skin Diver
Magazine, and Belize Media will be reporting on the Conference and Reef Check
research being conducted by participating sport divers and resort guests. For
conference information, please visit the Journey's End Website at
http://www.neosoft.com/~jornyend/jer1.htm or contact Kathy Love, Corporate and
Scientific Telecommunication Productions <ATACAST@aol.com> Fax: 281 438-0905
Reef Check Coordinator Shawn Brooks <sbrooks@waymark.net> Fax: 972 680-7114

****** COLUMBIA ******
The Columbian Society for Coral Reef Studies, SCAR, with the support of several
governmental institutions, has planned many activities for IYOR including Reef
Check. SCAR gives information through the homepage:
http://www.biomarina.univalle.edu.co/-gtoro/index.htm.

Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, INVEMAR and MUSEO DEL MAR present the
stickers, posters and calendars of IYOR. Newspapers and television publish the
objectives of IYOR. Nohora Galvis keeps in touch with the organizers of REEF
CHECK 97 to develop this program in Columbia.
Nohora Galvis <ngalvis@javercol.javeriana.edu.co>

*****CHINA*****
The newly opened Sanya Marine Laboratory on Hainan Island will be the site of
China's Reef Check operation during June. The laboratory is jointly operated by
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and the South China Sea
Institute of Oceanology. Recreational divers from Hong Kong will be joined by
scientists from HKUST and several Chinese agencies. Contact Hong Kong
Headquarters for information at <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk> Fax: 852 2358-1582

*****HONG KONG****
The Hong Kong Marine Conservation Society has organized an ambitious program
for Hong Kong Reef Checkers including surveys of South China Sea atolls Pratas
Reef, Macclesfield Bank, and the Paracels. In addition to club teams, student
teams include Hong Kong University, Chinese University and HKUST.
Marc Smith-Evans <marcse@asiaonline.net> Fax: 852 2546-2659

We apologize for any omissions of news about your site. Please send us your
latest news for inclusion in the next update. To join Reef Check, please
contact your nearest National or Regional Coordinator or Reef Check
Headquarters as soon as possible.

Suzie Geermans
Assistant Reef Check Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 5 12:09:25 1997
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From: put-ang@cuhk.edu.hk
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Date: Mon, 05 May 1997 23:25:11 +0800
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: References on effect of disturbance
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Dear Colleagues,

Some time ago we have requested for information on the effect of
disturbance on coral reefs and on specific coral species and growth forms.
We thank you all for all of you who have replied and apologize for not
being able to reply to you individually. We have since compiled a longer
list of references related to this topic. If you are interested in
obtaining a copy of this reference list, kindly just let us know by sending
an email to us. For those of you who have replied to our enquiries, we
would try to send you the list. Thank you again.

Put O. Ang, Jr.
Department of Biology
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
email: put-ang@cuhk.edu.hk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 6 18:35:36 1997
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Date: Tue, 6 May 1997 16:01:20 -0500 (CDT)
From: "Victor H. Beltran R." <vbeltran@calafia.uabcs.mx>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: "Victor H. Beltran R." <vbeltran@calafia.uabcs.mx>
Subject: Reef Software
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I would be interested to know if there is software available that allows
the constuction of phylogenetic trees, rates of mutation, etc. of data in
DNAmt, and genomic DNA.
 I also would like to try asses the general
interest in such a tool. Any information or comments are appreciated.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 7 03:27:23 1997
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From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef Software - REPLY
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"Victor H. Beltran R." <vbeltran@calafia.uabcs.mx> asked:

I would be interested to know if there is software available that allows
the constuction of phylogenetic trees, rates of mutation, etc. of data in
DNAmt, and genomic DNA. I also would like to try asses the general
interest in such a tool. Any information or comments are appreciated.

Hi Victor,

Send an email to Neville Sweijd at the University of Cape Town, South
Africa (nsweijd@botzoo.uct.ac.za) for information (he's working on DNA
stuff for his Ph.D.).
His supervisor is Prof. Eric Harley, and I know that Harley has such
software, and develops his own.....

Jan Korrubel

Applied Mathematics
University of Natal
Private Bag X01
3209 Scottsville
Pietermaritzburg
South Africa.

cc: Coral-list

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue May 10 07:18:56 1997
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Date: Sat, 10 May 1997 11:31:55 +0100 (BST)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
Reply-To: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Director - Shoals of Capricorn
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.970510111614.13577A-100000@taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk>
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The Royal Geographic Society is seeking to fill the position of Director
for the Shoals of Capricorn Programme - see details below. Note that all
inquires via email should be sent to: shoals@rgs.org and applications MUST
be made in writing and sent to Juliet Larcombe, Programme Manager of the
Shoals of Capricorn Programme (address below).

 THE ROYAL SOCIETY & ROYAL GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY
 (WITH THE INSTITUTE OF BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS)

 The Shoals of Capricorn Programme 1997/2000

 Director

 The Royal Geographical Society (with The Institute of British
 Geographers) and the Royal Society are to undertake a collaborative,
 multidisciplinary investigation of the submarine Mascarene Plateau,
 which runs between Mauritius and Seychelles in the western Indian
 Ocean, to be known as the Shoals of Capricorn Programme. The
 programme will explore the key features and processes controlling the
 geology, oceanography, biology and archaeology of the region, and
 field phases will begin in March 1998. A team of specialists and
 administrators is already in place, with firm links with the host
 nations, and the programme is now seeking to recruit a Director.

 The Director will be responsible for the planning, implementation and
 completion of the project, including the appointment of support
 staff, managing the raising and expenditure of the 1.1 million
 budget, liaison with the Governments of Mauritius and Seychelles, and
 overseeing the requirements of the scientific programme. The
 Director should be a natural leader with good communication skills
 and a sense of humour, and should have the following experience:

 * Directing a large field programme, preferably with diving
 operations.
 * Managing a large team of international scientists of all ages.
 * Working with Governments at all levels.
 * Fundraising for a multidisciplinary research project.
 * Public speaking and communicating ideas and plans.
 * Budget planning and financial responsibilities.

 The following qualities will be an advantage:

 * Knowledge of Indian Ocean area, Mauritius and Seychelles.
 * Current, active SCUBA diver with good working knowledge of boat
 handling and diving safety.
 * French speaker.
 * Knowledge of a marine science and field research techniques.

 The post is to commence in July based at the RGS-IBG in London until
 late 1997, and then in Mauritius and Seychelles during field phases.
 The Director will report directly to Mr Nigel Winser, the Deputy
 Director of the Royal Geographical Society (with the IBG), and will
 develop the overall Programme with the Chairman, Dr Nic Flemming, who
 is based at the Southampton Oceanography Centre.

 The post is for 2 years initially, with a further year subject
 availability of funds. The salary scale will be between 18,000 and
 23,000 depending on experience, with an additional London weighting
 paid whilst UK-based.

 First interviews will take place in June 1997 and the appointment
 made in early July 1997. Please apply in writing, enclosing full CV
 and names and address of two referees, by 23 May 1997 to:

 Juliet Larcombe, Programme Manager,
 Shoals of Capricorn Programme
 Royal Geographical Society / IBG,
 1 Kensington Gore, London SW7 2AR
 Direct tel: +44 (0)171 591 3066
 Direct fax: +44 (0)171 591 3031
 E.mail: shoals@rgs.org

 The Programme aims to be an equal opportunities employer.

-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-=+=-
Kristian A. Teleki

Department of Geography
University of Cambridge
Downing Place
Cambridge CB2 3EN
Email: kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk

Tel +44 1223 333399
Fax +44 1223 333392

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 12 08:19:01 1997
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Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 06:29:29 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Citation request
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Dear list-serve-members:

1) I have a copy of what appears to be a chapter in a book, but need the
proper citation for the book. It is Chapter (or section) VI: "The effects of
human population pressure on fishing methods: From nets to dynamite to
cyanide," primary author is N. G. Willoughby, and the year must be 1996. Do
anyone know what this is from--and/or Willoughby's e-mail address? Someone
suggested that it was from a conference held by either the World Bank,
USAID, or APEC.

2) If anyone has the e-mail address for Rodney Salm, could they send that along?

Thanks.
Cheers
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 12 13:01:41 1997
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Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 09:05:23 -0700 (PDT)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: reefnet@cerf.net (Wendy Holland)
Subject: Society for Conservation Biology
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Dear Coral-List Subscribers,

For your information:

The Society for Conservation Biology 11th annual meeting at the University
of Victoria on June 6-10, will focus on Marine Conservation Biology with
sessions ranging from molecular biology to cetacean life. Along with field
trips to spectacular Pacific Northwest areas, there will be a Research
Video Night hosted by Dr. Elliot Norse of the Marine Conservation Biology
Institute on the evening of June 8th. The conference encourages entries of
interesting marine-related video shot in the field or lab (5 minute limit
of VHS format).

Please contact Wendy Holland at reefnet@cerfnet.com for more information.

Wendy Holland Productions
98 Main Street, Suite 421
Tiburon, CA 94920 USA
1-415-257-5677
reefnet@cerf.net
http://www.reefnet.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 12 16:18:02 1997
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Date: Mon, 12 May 1997 09:29:52 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Carl Stepath <sos@aloha.net>
Subject: Reef Check- Hawaii
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Kaua`i to launch an international Reef Check

Hanalei Bay will be the first location in Hawaii in Hawaii for an
international Reef Check, beginning worldwide on June. 14. Divers and
scientists at more than 100 locations around the globe will examine ocean
reef health this summer. The sponsoring organization for Kaua`i is Save Our
Seas and the Kaua`i Reef Check will be held in conjunction with its Clean
Oceans `97 Conference, June 13-15 at the Princeville Hotel.

The conference, featuring Bobby Kennedy, Jr., senior attorney for the
National Resources Defense Council, celebrates the International Year of
the Reef, declared by the United Nations, Gov. Ben Cayetano and other
leaders of countries and states.

On Saturday, June 14, professional and recreational divers, with a
knowledge of marine biology and at least one professional marine scientist
per team, will ensure scientific quality of Kaua`i Reef Check in the
nearshore waters of Hanalei Bay, fronting Princeville Hotel. Coordinators
are Dr. Alan Friedlander, a fisheries specialist, and Dr. Cindy Hunter, a
zoologist, both on staff with the University of Hawai`i.

The reef at Hanalei Bay was picked for its dynamic situation. "It is
popular for snorkeling. It is subject to the output of a nearby river. Its
nearby waters are popular for surfing and boating and it is next to a beach
used by a major hotel," said SOS executive director Carl Stepath.

Increasing public awareness of coral reefs, including their value in
producing oxygen for the planet, is a major goal of International Year of
the Reef, Reef Check, and Save Our Seas. Between June 14 and Aug. 31,
one-day rapid surveys of reef sites throughout the world will employ
tried-and-true techniques, such as counting selected species of fish, coral
and sea urchins, and measuring the amount of coral coverage --dead and
alive.

Save Our Seas will report Kaua`i Reef Check data to the international Reef
Check organization, based in Hong Kong. During the first week of September,
Reef Check will report on the basic health of a minimum of 100 reef sites
around the world to the media and on its own web site
(http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html).

 "This is the first time such a comprehensive, worldwide assessment of the
health of planet's reefs has been attempted," says Save Our Seas president
Teresa Tico. For more information on Reef Check, volunteering and
participating in the Clean Oceans `97 Conference, call 1-800-767-4101.

Carl :)

 Carl M. Stepath, Executive Director
 "Save Our Seas"
 P.O.Box 598, Hanalei, HI 96714, USA
 808-826-2525, fax 826-7770
 website: http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 13 03:27:54 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K.Soong)
Subject: CITES
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Dear Coral list subscriber:
 Could somebody tell me where to get an updated list of endangered
species in category I, II and III by CITES. I want to use that to convince
my government that reef corals need to be put in our list of protected
species.
Thank you
Sincerely
Keryea Soong

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 13 15:25:12 1997
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Date: Tue, 13 May 1997 14:48:35 -0400
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Pat Neale <neale@serc.si.edu>
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REEF ENCOUNTER No. 21
NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Dear all,

We are currently looking for articles for the next issue of Reef Encounter.
We would welcome contributions from a few hundred words to a couple of pages
on any aspect of reef studies, including news, comments, short reviews (but
not original scientific data) and also illustrations/cartoons. Our deadline
is 1st May and text sent by email is strongly prefered. You can also send
illustrations (and text if desired) to the address at the end of this message.

Please email your articles to one of us at:
Maggie Watson, iclarm@caribsurf.com
David Obura, dobura@users.africaonline.co.ke
Sue Wells Senior Editor, swells@wwfnet.org

If you are interested in joining the International Society for Reef Studies
and receiving Reef Encounter please contact Callum Roberts, cr10@york.ac.uk

Finally, Sue, David, and I would like to apologise to any members still
awaiting Reef Encounter No. 20. If it's not with you yet it is in the post.
The delay was due to two job changes amongst the editors who are now rather
spread out across the globe. However, we are determined to get No. 21 back
on schedule. Please bear with us and keep sending in your articles!

Maggie, Sue and David
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3233, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-809-494 5681(office hours) or 1-809-499 2199 (mobile - any time)
Fax: 1-809-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm@caribsurf.com
============================================

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Patrick J. Neale
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
P.O. Box 28
Edgewater MD 21037
PH: 410-798-4424 ext 285
FX: 301-261-7954

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 13 16:40:46 1997
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Date: Tue, 13 May 1997 13:14:47 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Howie Spero <spero@topaz.ucdavis.edu>
Subject: coral user group web site
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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Would someone have the web site that contains past coral-list communiques.
I'm pretty sure NOAA has one on line. Thanks.

Howie Spero

____________________________________________________________________________

 ***********************************************************************
 * * *
 * * *
 * Dr. Howard J. Spero	*		 			 *
 * Associate Professor * e-mail: spero@geology.ucdavis.edu *
 * Department of Geology * Office: (916) 752-3307 *
 * University of California * Lab: (916) 752-3311 *
 * Davis CA 95616-8605 USA * FAX: (916) 752-0951 *
 * * *
 * * *
 ***********************************************************************

____________________________________________________________________________

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 14 07:36:28 1997
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Date: Wed, 14 May 1997 06:30:58 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: florit@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral-List, flames, and multiple messages.
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970514062532.2098A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Ladies and Gents,

	Please discontinue flaming Wendy Holland or sending her messages
concerning the recent multiple-bounce problem. For those of you who have
sent rude messages to her, this is unacceptable. This happened through no
fault of hers. The problem appears to be a mail routing problem in
Australia, believe it or not. Until this problem is completely cleared
up, I'm shutting down the coral-list. These things happen. The Internet
is not infallible, and if you are unhappy that you are receiving multiple
messages, I'm sorry about that, I'm not too happy about it either.

	Thank you for your patience.

	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 15 11:52:19 1997
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Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 10:05:17 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral-List back up
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515100033.4639E-200000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
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 This message is in MIME format. The first part should be readable text,
 while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools.
 Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info.

---1066435592-193978605-863705117=:4639
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII

I like Ernie Matson's comment concerning the recent multiple postings
problem. He thought it was a mass spawning event! (Thanks, Ernie...)

Hopefully this posting will not be a mass spawing event and you will only
get one copy. I've attached the basic sign-on document for those of you
who misplaced it and requested it for purposes of signing off.

There are several messages awaiting posting, but I'll wait to see if this
bounces all over the Internet before posting them. Cross your fingers...

	Cheers,

	JCH
	coral-list administrator

---1066435592-193978605-863705117=:4639
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---1066435592-193978605-863705117=:4639--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 15 12:38:20 1997
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Message-ID: <n1348424762.85134@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 15 May 1997 12:01:27 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: State of the Reefs Report
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "Patti Bright" <bright@zool.umd.edu>,
 "Melody Chen" <chen@biology.ucsc.edu>,
 "OGP-Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>,
 "Gregory.Hernandez" <Gregory.Hernandez@noaa.gov>,
 "Steve Hammond" <hammonds@ucs.orst.edu>,
 "Steve Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com>,
 "Jocelyn Kasow" <joce@wam.umd.edu>, "Ruth Kelty" <kelty@cbl.cees.edu>,
 "John McManus" <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com>,
 "Dave O'Neill" <doneill@dundalk.cc.md.us>,
 "Arthur Paterson" <apaterson@hq.noaa.gov>,
 "Ken Penland" <kenp@wam.umd.edu>, "Tom Shyka" <tshyka@wam.umd.edu>,
 "Mark Spalding" <marks@wcmc.org.uk>,
 "Jenny Steinberg" <steinberg@zool.umd.edu>,
 "Mitchell Tartt" <mt100@umail.umd.edu>,
 "Peter Thomas" <pthomas@state.gov>,
 "Dave Vanderweele" <dvander@cbl.cees.edu>,
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 Subject: Time: 11:44 AM
 State of the Reefs Report Date: 5/15/97

The "State of the Reefs" report, produced in May 1995, as a preparation for
the ICRI Conference in Dumaguete, Philippines, has been available on the web
in an abridged form at:
 http://www.nos.noaa.gov/icri/state.html

The full text, complete with all of the maps is now available as well. It can
be found at:
 http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/sor/

Cheers, Mark

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 15 14:01:10 1997
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Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:25:28 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: U/W digital (video) cameras
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515132421.5428A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Forwarded message:

Date: Tue, 13 May 1997 16:31:17 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
To: Erik Meesters <meese000@goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list>
Subject: Re: U/W digital (video) cameras

I have been in Palau for several weeks and therefore unable to respond to
the slew of questions about the SONY 1000 camera. Most of you asked that
I post a response to everyone on the list -- so here goes.

First, check out Richard Pyle's web page. He is capturing still images
from his SONY digital video camera and posting them on his web page after
each of his 300' dives on the reefs in Palau. His web page address is:

		http://www.bishop.hawaii.org/bishop/treks/palautz97/

Both Richard and I tested our cameras in our separate Amphibico housings
and both of us had difficulties. At 180' my housing stopped functioning.
The manual aperture button stuck would not release once pushed to the "on"
position, neither would the zoom or focus buttons operate. The only
function that would work at that depth was the record-on/off button.
Function resumed to normal once I returned to depths above 150' a few
minutes later. Likewise, Richard's camera failed to function at even
deeper depths. According to the person using it (not Richard) the camera
took on a "mind of its own" and began to focus and record etc. without
hitting the buttons.

These problems seem to be related to the housing and not the camera. The
camera otherwise functioned superbly and produces excellent images.
Moreover with the digital copying capability of the SONY cameras we could
make exact copies between the various cameras available to us in Palau
(seven SONY 1000's at one time in one place!) using the firewire (I noted
that someone mentioned the Panasonic digital camera has a better
viewfinder which might be useful, but as of now, you cannot make digital
copies off of the Panasonic camera which I find to be a distinct
disadvantage of the Panasonic camera).

One other point for amateur videophiles like me: don't let the sun
directly hit the viewfinder on your camera! This can easily happen on a
boat when you pass it up to someone else. The sun leaves nasty permanent
greenish smudges on the viewfinder screen!

Hope this information is of value to all who asked.

Bruce Carlson

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 15 14:01:15 1997
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Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:26:37 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: J.Wyatt Durham (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------

Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 09:56:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu (Peter Glynn)
Subject: J.Wyatt Durham

Hello All:

 I remember seeing an obituary-like message on J.W. Durham a few
months ago. Could someone please forward this message to me or give me a
reference for a published version of this message. Thanks for your help.

 Cheers, PW Glynn

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 15 14:03:45 1997
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Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:26:01 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Encounter deadline (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: "ICLARM CEPO" <iclarm@caribsurf.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list>
Subject: Reef Encounter deadline
Date: Wed, 14 May 1997 15:29:36 -0300

Dear all,

It seems our message of 10th April calling for contributions for Reef
Encounter 21 (newsletter of the International Society for Reef Studies) is
mysteriously being recirculated. Please note that the deadline for the
issue currently being prepared was the beginning of May. We welcome
articles submitted at any time but any further contributions will be held
over until the December issue (copy deadline at the beginning of October).

Maggie Watson
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3233, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-809-494 5681(office hours) or 1-809-499 2199 (mobile - any
time)
Fax: 1-809-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm@caribsurf.com
============================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 15 14:10:17 1997
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Date: Thu, 15 May 1997 13:27:41 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Marine Sanctuaries (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970515132641.5428D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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---------- Forwarded message ----------

From: stepath@aloha.net
Subject: Marine Sanctuaries

Aloha to all,

Hope this note does not bother you, if it does just consider it a get well
note for the planet. Please send this on to your friends so they can send
a letter, too, if you care to support marine sanctuaries. With email like
this all you have to do is copy and paste in your word processor.

On or before June 6, 1997, the Governor of Hawaii will decide on whether
to approve or reject NOAA's Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National
Marine Sanctuary. The Governor needs to hear that there is public support
for the Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary or it
may be rejected. The Hawaii Sanctuary provides an opportunity to
coordinate the various activities of Federal, State and local government
agencies and the public which may affect humpback whales and their
habitat. The Sanctuary also has established a citizens advisory council to
allow public input into the management of the site and wild provide
additional resources for marinerelated research' long term monitoring and
education projects.

Now is the time to show your support and ensure that Hawaii's humpback
whales and their marine habitat ere protected for future generations to
enjoy'

Direct all letters to:

Honorable Benjamin J. Cayetano, Governor State of Hawaii, Executive
Chambers, Hawaii State Capitol, Honolulu, HI 96813, or FAX. (808) 586-0006,
E-mail: gov@aloha.net

 AND/or

call toll free as well.............

984-2400, then after new dial tone, punch in 60034 #

SAMPLE LETTER (modify and then send if you so desire):

May 14, 1997

Governor Ben Cayetano
State of Hawaii
Executive Chambers
Hawaii State Capitol
Honolulu, HI 96813
fax: 808-586-0006

Dear Governor Cayetano,

The shallow, warm waters surrounding the main Hawaiian Islands compress
one of the world's most important humpback whale habitats. Scientists
estimate that twothirds of the entire North Pacific humpback whale
population migrate to Hawaiian waters to engage in breeding, calving and
nursing activities. The continued protection of humpback whales and their
Hawaiian habitat is crucial to the longterm recovery of this magnificent
endangered species. These waters are also home to the highly endangered
Hawaiian monk seal, sea turtles, seabirds and many endemic coral reef fish
and invertebrate species.

I urge you to approve the Final Management Plan of NOAA's Hawaiian Islands
Humpback Whale National Marine Sanctuary The Hawaii Sanctuary provides an
opportunity to coordinate the various activities of Federal, State and
local government agencies and the public which may affect humpback whales
and their habitat. The Sanctuary also has established a citizens advisory
council to allow public input into the management of the site and will
provide additional resources for marinerelated research, longterm
monitoring and education projects

Your support of the Sanctuary will ensure that Hawaii's humpback whales
and their marine habitat are protected for future generations to enjoy.
The protection and management of marine resources is important to all our
livelihoods.

Sincerely,

Carl :)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 15 19:26:17 1997
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Date: 	Thu, 15 May 1997 12:52:06 -1000
From: Cindy Hunter <cindyh@hawaii.edu>
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To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Precious Coral Monitoring
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The Hawaii State Division of Aquatic Resources is interested in knowing
what kinds of precious coral monitoring studies or programs might
currently be in effect on a global basis. If you are involved in or know
of such studies, would you kindly contact me? I will pass the information
on to them.

Thanks,
Cindy Hunter

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 16 12:19:17 1997
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Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 08:10:26 -0700
From: reavis@imap2.asu.edu (Robert H. Reavis)
To: FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se, Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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USC WRIGLEY INSTITUTE FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

SUMMER EDUCATION PROGRAM
NATURAL HAZARDS AND BUSINESS RISK JUNE 2 - 6 OR JUNE 9 - 13, 1997

Instructors: Anthony Michaels, Tom Henyey , Dave Malmquist and others
Total Cost: $1100
This course will explore the state-of-the-art in scientific understanding
of natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, earthquakes and floods and
the relevance of these hazards to insurance and other types of business
risk. We will examine climate forecasting on all time-scales and also
discuss earthquake risk assessment. We will present new strategies for
linking science to the business decisions in insurance and other areas of
finance. The course is designed for working underwriters, business school
majors and other decision makers. The course is offered twice this summer
and will be repeated at later dates.

CASE STUDIES IN TROPICAL COASTAL DEVELOPMENT JUNE 9 - 13, 1997

Instructor: Linwood Pendleton Total Cost: $450
The course introduces students to the physical, economic, and policy issues
of tropical coastal development. Lectures and case studies teach students
to identify development impacts, sources of impacts, and methods for
managing coastal development. The cases are drawn from real-life
experiences from the Caribbean and Africa.

RESEARCH DIVING JUNE 16 - 27, 1997

Instructors: Pete Pehl (USC), Don Canestro (UCSC), Standard Rate: $850
 Frank DiCrisi (UCLA), Dennis Divens (UCSB), Discounted Rate: $450
 Henry Fastenau (UCD), Mark Flahan (SDSU)
This course will result in a research diving certification that is accepted
at most California Universities and around the world at institutions that
offer reciprocity through the American Associate of Underwater Science
program. Students will be instructed in basic and advanced diving skills,
rescue techniques, CPR and oxygen administration. The course will be team
taught by the Dive Safety Officers from a number of California Universities
and there is a special discount to students from the home institutions of
these instructors.

EMERGENCY DIVING ACCIDENT MANAGEMENT (EDAM) JULY 13-18, 1997
Instructors: K. Huggins, L. Sadler, J. Sipsey, M. Tulin Total Cost: $600
An intensive lecture-based course dealing with aspects of diving accidents.
Students will be exposed to case histories of diving accidents to evaluate
the events, equipment, or errors precipitating the accident; determine ways
in which these problems can be avoided in future dive planning; learn about
the physiology and pathology of decompression sickness and air embolism
injuries; understand the psychological issues involved, as instructor,
rescuer, or chamber operator, in dealing with a diving accident; get an
in-depth look at how decompression tables and dive computers are put
together, and what Doppler bubble detection has to do with current
decompression research. Many other topics will also be covered. For an
additional fee of $25, students can participate in two chamber dives (60
fsw and 165 fsw).
PLATE TECTONICS, EARTHQUAKES AND JULY 14 - 21, 1997
SANTA CATALINA ISLAND

Instructor: R.D. Francis Total Costs: $477
This course is designed for geology students, high school teachers,
community college instructors and all with an interest in southern
California geology. Students will collect rock and sediment samples from
the seafloor, probe below the seafloor with seismic reflection and
echosounder methods, and observe submerged outcrops with side-scan sonar
and remote controlled submersibles. Lecture topics include plate tectonics,
development of the offshore California Borderland province, the geologic
and tectonic history of Santa Catalina Island, and offshore active faults.

BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY JULY 21 - AUGUST 8, 1997

Instructors: William Cochlan, Mark Wells Total Costs: $1800
An intense lecture/laboratory course covering the fundamental biological
oceanographic processes within the marine environment off southern
California and the open ocean. The interrelationships among marine
communities and the macro- and micro-chemical factors which influence
production will be discussed with an emphasis on understanding and
measuring how environmental factors affect the production of the world's
ocean. The biology and ecological roles of the microorganisms occupying
lower trophic levels will form the core of study.

MARINE FISHES OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA JULY 21 - AUGUST 8, 1997
Instructor: Robert Reavis Total Cost: $1800
This course will introduce students to both classical and current topics in
ichthyology, with a focus on the abundant ichthyofauna around Santa
Catalina Island. Students will learn the anatomy, functional morphology,
systematics, and identification of local fishes. The second week will be
devoted to lab and field studies (which may include snorkel and SCUBA) in
behavior and ecology. Students will conduct their own research project and
present their findings in oral and written reports.

For More Information...

The Wrigley Institute Summer Education Program is open to everyone. These
non-credit courses will take place at the Wrigley Marine Science Center,
located 22 miles offshore from Los Angeles at Big Fisherman Cove on Santa
Catalina Island. Application forms, financial assistance information,
course details and general information about life on Catalina Island are
available from the Wrigley Institute offices or on the WIES Web pages. The
deadline for enrollment is June 1. For further information, please contact
us at:

USC Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies
University of Southern California
Allan Hancock Foundation 232
Los Angeles, CA 90087-0371
phone: 213-740-6780
fax: 213-740-2720
wies@mizar.usc.edu
www.usc.edu/dept/LAS/WIES

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Robert H. Reavis reavis@imap2.asu.edu
Life Sciences, ASU West Phone: (602) 543-6047
4701 W. Thunderbird Rd FAX: (602) 543-6073
Phoenix AZ 85069-7100
 "So long, and thanks for all the fish." D. Adams

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 16 14:25:01 1997
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Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 12:42:18 -0500 (CDT)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Flo Thomas <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Subject: Graduate assistantshi available
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 Graduate research assistantship available (Ph.D). Dr. Florence
Thomas of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab has a 5 year assistantship available
for a Ph.D. level student to work on a funded project in community scale
biomechanics. The assitantship includes a stipend and tuition to the
University of South Alabama's program in Marine Science. The research is
interdisciplinary in nature and uses a comparative approach to explore how
organism morphology affects chemical and particle transport at the scale of
the community. The research will include both field and laboratory
components. Initial experiments will focus on coral reefs, seagrass
communties, gorgonians, and submerged aquatic vegitation. The position is
appropriate for students interested in biomechanics, functional morphology,
marine ecology, and the role of physical processes in coastal environments.
If you are interested please contact Dr. Florence Thomas as soon as
possible, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, P.O. Box 369-370, Dauphin Island, Al
36529: (334) 861-7455; FAX (334) 861-7540; Email, fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu.
Florence I.M. Thomas
Senior Marine Scientist/Assistant Professor
Dauphin Island Sea Lab
P.O. Box 369-370
Dauphin Island, Al 36528

334-861-7544

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 16 15:45:59 1997
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Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 15:03:03 -0400
From: Lauretta Burke <LAURETTA@earth.wri.org>
To: cindyh@hawaii.edu
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Precious Coral Monitoring -Reply
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Cindy,

I am a research analyst, specializing in environmental applications of
geographic information systems (GIS) with the World Resources Institute
(WRI) in Washington, DC. We have a global project examining potential
pressures on coral reefs called Reefs at Risk. The goal of the project is
to develop a preliminary index, which will be presented in map form,
depicting relative potential pressure (or risk) to major coral reefs of the
world.

The analysis will rely upon the use of proxies as indicators of indirect
pressures on coral reefs. The indirect pressures that we wish to
evaluate include nearby coastal development, over-exploitation of reef
resources, marine-based pollution and sedimentation from upstream
(inland) land use. The proxies we are planning on using are based on
data on population density, locations of built-up areas, airports, ports,
tourism sites, shipping lanes, and oil rigs. The proxies related to
upstream land use will be evaluated by watershed, and will be based
upon deforestation estimates for the area, slope, peak monthly
precipitation and land cover within the watershed. Underlying datasets
will be primarily at a 1:1 million to 1:5 million scale (1 km. to 5 km.
resolution).

We are also interested in qualitative information on the condition of coral
reefs globally, where available. Out main collaborators for this project
are ICLARM in the Philippines and the World Conservation Monitoring
Centre (WCMC) in the U.K.

A draft methodology for the project has been developed and is currently
being reviewed. We are in the process of implementing the methodology
for a pilot area in East Africa.

Feel free to contact me if you wish to get more details.

Lauretta Burke

=====================================================
=====================================================
>>> Cindy Hunter <cindyh@hawaii.edu> 05/15/97 06:52pm >>>wrote:

The Hawaii State Division of Aquatic Resources is interested in knowing
what kinds of precious coral monitoring studies or programs might
currently be in effect on a global basis. If you are involved in or know of
such studies, would you kindly contact me? I will pass the information on
to them.

Thanks,
Cindy Hunter

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 16 16:35:25 1997
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Message-ID: <337CE433.5A66@erols.com>
Date: Fri, 16 May 1997 15:48:19 -0700
From: Amy Mathews-Amos <amymcbi@erols.com>
Organization: Marine Conservation Biology Institute
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Post-doc in Marine Conservation Biology
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Please accept our apology for cross-postings.

 POST-DOC IN MARINE CONSERVATION BIOLOGY

 Marine Conservation Biology Institute is seeking a Postdoctoral
Fellow starting Fall 1997 or shortly thereafter. This will be a one-
year position with possible renewal and will be based at MCBI's
Headquarters in Redmond WA USA. Salary: high 20s-low 30s.

 MCBI is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization dedicated to
advancing the science of marine conservation biology. The person
who is chosen will work closely with MCBI's staff--President Elliott
Norse (Headquarters), Program Director Amy Mathews-Amos (DC
Office) and Program Assistant Aaron Tinker (Headquarters)--to:

1) develop emerging issues in marine conservation biology. This
involves using library research, networking with colleagues, and
organizing and running scientific workshops. The goal is to find
scientific information relevant to under-appreciated threats to marine
biodiversity or ways to protect, restore or sustainably use it, then to
synthesize this information into a coherent "issue" for decision
makers and the public to catalyze action;

2) help build a compelling case for establishing a federal funding
mechanism for marine conservation biology research in the USA;

3) publish on marine conservation biology issues in the peer-
reviewed scientific literature and in popular media;

4) serve as a spokesperson on one or more issues relevant to
MCBI's mission at scientific meetings, to the news media, to
government agencies or to Congress, as needed; and

5) help MCBI raise funds by writing proposals to continue this
work.

 The successful candidate will be a very broadly trained Ph.D. or
equivalent in a marine biological field such as marine ecology,
biological oceanography, invertebrate zoology, seabird biology,
fisheries biology, biogeography, population genetics or
epidemiology. Individuals with demonstrable expertise in a broad
range of disciplines, regions, taxa, tools and issues will be favored.
This position requires not only strong knowledge of the marine
realm and interest in conservation, but also a multidisciplinary
approach, outstanding writing skills, excellent people skills and
exceptional ability to work towards a shared goal as part of a close-
knit team. We especially encourage inquiries by people in groups
that have been under-represented in the sciences.

 To apply, please send a 2-page resume (NOT an exhaustive CV)
and a cover letter of no more than two pages that includes names
and complete contact information for 3-5 referees, or its equivalent
as an e-mail message (not an encoded attachment) or fax. For those
who will be attending the first Symposium on Marine Conservation
Biology at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation
Biology at the University of Victoria, Victoria BC, you are welcome
to bring these materials and talk with MCBI staff. The Symposium
runs from the evening of June 6 to the evening of June 9, 1997, but
Elliott, Amy and Aaron plan to be at UVic starting on June 5, and
will be happy to meet with candidates before the Symposium starts
or, thereafter, as time allows. For information about the
Symposium and to register for the SCB Annual Meeting, please
visit: http://geography.geog.uvic.ca/dept/announce/scb_page.html on
the World Wide Web. For information about MCBI, please visit:
http://www.mcbi.org

--
***********************************************************
Amy Mathews-Amos MCBI is organizing
Program Director the first Symposium
Marine Conservation Biology Institute on Marine Conservation
205 N. Edgewood St. Biology at the
Arlington, VA 22201 Annual Meeting of
ph. (703) 276-1434 the Society for
fax (703) 276-1528 Conservation Biology,
email: amymcbi@erols.com June 6-9, 1997 at the
 University of Victoria,
 Victoria, British
 Columbia, Canada.
***********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 19 10:27:50 1997
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Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 09:57:40 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Robert.Morrow@us.mw.com
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Robert Morrow's message
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970519095432.15837A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Dear Robert,

The problem is with a server in Australia. All users from Australia have
been temporarily removed from the list. I will contact each one
individually to see where the problem lies.

Obviously, Robert, you have made matters worse by posting your needless
message to the list, as now *your* message has bounced many times. This
has nothing to do with NOAA or our staff, who are quite good. I trust you
will be more considerate to the list in the future.

I'm sorry I did not catch this sooner, but I actually decided not to work
for seven days a week, for a change, thus I missed the multiple bounces.

 JCH
 coral-list administrator

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 19 12:11:37 1997
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
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Dear All,
 No human-based technology works perfectly all the time. I suspect
the recent silence of most of the subscribers to the coral-list means that
we are satisfied its benefits far outweigh the occasional glitches. Lest
Jim not think his efforts on everyone's behalf are appreciated, I wish to
proclaim my gratitude for his leadership and perseverence.
Judy Lang

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 19 12:43:20 1997
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Message-ID: <n1348076166.44605@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 19 May 1997 12:49:25 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Thanks to Jim Hendee
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "Jim Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
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 Reply to: RE>Thanks to Jim Hendee

I echo Judy's sentiments. Having provided the initial funding that provided
for the coral-list and CHAMP web site, I have considered that Jim's efforts
have been among the best dollars I have ever spent as a program manager.

Keep up the good work, Jim. Until the problem is solved, I can delete a few
errant e-mails.

Cheers, Mark

--------------------------------------
Date: 5/19/97 12:30 PM
To: Mark Eakin
From: Judith C. Lang
Dear All,
 No human-based technology works perfectly all the time. I suspect
the recent silence of most of the subscribers to the coral-list means that
we are satisfied its benefits far outweigh the occasional glitches. Lest
Jim not think his efforts on everyone's behalf are appreciated, I wish to
proclaim my gratitude for his leadership and perseverence.
Judy Lang

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From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 19 14:24:10 1997
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Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 13:19:21 -0400 (EDT)
From: Ruth Kelty <kelty@cbl.cees.edu>
To: Mark Eakin <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
cc: Recipients of coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Patti Bright <bright@zool.umd.edu>,
 Melody Chen <chen@biology.ucsc.edu>,
 "Gregory.Hernandez" <Gregory.Hernandez@noaa.gov>,
 Steve Hammond <hammonds@ucs.orst.edu>,
 Steve Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>,
 Jocelyn Kasow <joce@wam.umd.edu>, John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com>,
 "Dave O'Neill" <doneill@dundalk.cc.md.us>,
 Arthur Paterson <apaterson@hq.noaa.gov>,
 Ken Penland <kenp@wam.umd.edu>, Tom Shyka <tshyka@wam.umd.edu>,
 Mark Spalding <marks@wcmc.org.uk>,
 Jenny Steinberg <steinberg@zool.umd.edu>,
 Mitchell Tartt <mt100@umail.umd.edu>, Peter Thomas <pthomas@state.gov>,
 Dave Vanderweele <dvander@cbl.cees.edu>,
 Heather Benway <benway@ogp.noaa.gov>,
 Lori Curtis <lori_curtis@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: State of the Reefs Report
In-Reply-To: <n1348424762.85134@ogp.noaa.gov>
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Sorry about any cross postings...

Hey all you people who I know (those of you who don't know me, Ruth, can
ignore this.). I am having a party at my house this Wens., the 21. The
theme will be "Hurray, biochemistry is finally @#!$ over!!!" If you
want to play croquet, volleyball, frisbee, tennis, etc... show up while it
is still light. IF you just want to talk and drink, show up around 9.

If you can, bring a couple of beers or a bag of chips or something.

TO get there:

>From campus, head south on Rt. 1. Turn right on Tuckerman (it is after
Queens Chapel, across the street from the post office, before East-West
Highway). Go 2 blks on Tuckerman and take a Right on 43rd Ave. OUr house
is the second one on the left = 6504 43rd Ave.

Questions? Call 277-1994

See you there!

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 19 18:40:37 1997
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Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 16:52:27 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: "Judith C. Lang" <jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu>
Cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Thanks to Jim Hendee
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On Mon, 19 May 1997, Judith C. Lang wrote:

> Dear All,
> No human-based technology works perfectly all the time. I suspect
> the recent silence of most of the subscribers to the coral-list means that
> we are satisfied its benefits far outweigh the occasional glitches. Lest
> Jim not think his efforts on everyone's behalf are appreciated, I wish to
> proclaim my gratitude for his leadership and perseverence.
> Judy Lang

The recent silence was partly for fear that our messages would also bounce
around the world! But I'm sure that the silent majority is very satisfied
with the List.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 19 21:35:02 1997
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From: Andre Uychiaoco <andreu@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Thanks to Jim Hendee
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Personally I would like to thank Jim Hendee myself...but I think (based
on my learnings from this list) is that the proper thing would be to
offer to compile all the thank you's for him privately (as in to my
e-mail account) and just send out the summary (just the number of people
I guess) to the list itself. I offer to do just that (I'm just afraid of
the deluge of e-mails). Please reply directly to
andreu@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 20 09:56:19 1997
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Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 09:02:10 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: bounce update
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It appears that the problem was with a single account, that of Jamie
Oliver's (jamie_oliver@ccmail.gbrmpa.gov.au), but I'm cautiously adding
the other @gbrmpa.gov.au users' names to make sure.

If you know Jamie, please advise (telephone?) that there appears to be a
problem.

	Cheers,

	Jim

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 20 12:48:25 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: USGCRP May 22nd Seminar
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 19 May 1997 13:12:23 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: USGCRP May 22nd Seminar: "Natural Hazards, Human Impacts, and Disaster Reduction"

 U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series

 Natural Hazards, Human Impacts, and Disaster Reduction

What makes a natural hazard into a natural disaster? Is the seeming
increase in the occurrence of natural disasters real? What are the likely
causes? What trends are making society more vulnerable to natural hazards?
Are there measures society can take to mitigate these disasters or the
conditions responsible for them? Are there measures society can take to
reduce loss of life and damages?

 Public Invited

 Thursday, May 22, 1997, 3:30-5:00 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

The Honorable Dr. James Baker, Administrator of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington,
DC; and Co-Chair, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources (CENR)

SPEAKER

Dr. William H. Hooke, Director of the U.S. Weather Research Program Office,
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD; and
Chair of the interagency Subcommittee for Natural Disaster Reduction

 OVERVIEW

 Natural Disaster Reduction: A Growing National Challenge

Annual U.S. losses to natural disasters while highly variable. Over the
last few years, however, they have averaged $50 billion dollars per year,
or roughly $1 billion dollars per week. Of even greater concern are the
long-term trends in costs, which show a doubling or tripling of the damages
each decade, in constant dollars, over the last 35 years. The impacts
caused by natural hazards are increasing as a result of societal changes
such as urbanization and technological interdependence. While disaster
losses are expected to vary considerably from year to year, it is also
expected that they generally will continue to increase, even as a fraction
of the gross national product (GNP), at least in the short run.

Domestically, natural disasters are a sustainable development issue.
Internationally, they threaten global security. Reducing societal
vulnerability to natural hazards, thereby reducing the extent of, or
damages from natural disasters, is important, possible, and cost effective.
Accomplishing this will require a diverse, interconnected range of
actions: comprehensive hazard identification and risk assessment; wiser
land use; improved structural design, building codes, and practice; greater
public awareness, education, and training; improved predictions and
emergency response; and more effective relief and recovery. These steps
would be accelerated by a coordinated, multi-level government response,
with particular attention needed at the state and local levels. Steps
involving financial instruments such as mortgages, property taxes, and
insurance, can be strongly influential.

 Natural Disaster Reduction: The Links to Global Change

The frequency, strength, and location of hazards-storms, floods, droughts,
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, wildfires, etc.-are intimately connected
to longer-period global change, whether due to natural variations or
human-induced changes. Focusing on developing a coherent and effective
societal response to the range and nature of natural hazards will increase
the options that society has for coping with global change. Steps taken to
reduce the impacts of natural hazards will provide new opportunities to
experiment and learn how most effectively to prepare for global change.
Each of the opportunities for building resilience to natural hazards will
have its own set of hazard-specific, cultural, and technological aspects,
and each will help provide insights about opportunities for responding to
global change. Focusing on natural disaster reduction in the context of
global change will also help re-enforce the need for observing systems
required for global change detection and study. Focusing attention on the
reduction of natural disasters also offers the prospect for greatly
strengthening international cooperation on a host of related environmental
issues.

 What has become quite evident is that by building local resilience
to natural extremes, we can increase global resilience to long-term changes
in average conditions and can become more prepared for any changes in
extreme conditions.

 Biography

Dr. William H. Hooke currently holds two national responsibilities:
Director of the U.S. Weather Research Program Office, and Chair of the
interagency Subcommittee for Natural Disaster Reduction of the National
Science and Technology Council's Committee on Environment and Natural
Resources. He has worked for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and antecedent agencies since 1967. After six years
of research in fundamental geophysical fluid dynamics and its application
to the ionosphere, the boundary layer, air quality, aviation, and wind
engineering, he moved into a series of management positions of increasing
scope and responsibility. From 1973 to 1980, he was Chief of the Wave
Propagation Laboratory's Atmospheric Studies Branch. From 1980 to 1983 he
rotated through a series of management development assignments. From 1984
to 1987 he directed NOAA's Environmental Sciences Group (now the Forecast
Systems Laboratory), having responsibility for much of the systems research
and development for the National Weather Service Modernization, as well as
for a range of other weather and climate research activities. From 1987 to
1993 he served as the Deputy Chief Scientist and Acting Chief Scientist of
NOAA.

For two decades Dr. Hooke was an adjunct faculty member in the Department
of Astrophysical, Planetary, and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of
Colorado, teaching courses and supervising students. He has served on
several panels and committees of the National Research Council and is also
a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and an AMS Councilor.

Dr. Hooke received his B.S. degree from Swarthmore College (1964), and his
S.M. (1966) and Ph.D (1967) degrees from the University of Chicago.

 The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, June 9, 1997

 Planned Topic: UV Radiation and Climate Change in the Antarctic: An Update

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, Code
YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax:
(202) 358-4103 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 20 12:49:25 1997
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Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 10:51:49 -0500 (CDT)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: STRI reef exhibit
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"Nuestros Arrecifes/Unidos por el Caribe: Our Reefs/Caribbean Connections",
the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's bilingual (Spanish/English)
traveling coral reef conservation exhibition, together with the WORLDNET
Film and Television Service's "Fragile Ring of Life" video, and an aquarium
with live reef organisms, will be on exhibit in Washington, DC, at the
Interamerican Development Bank (13OO New York Avenue) from May 13 - May 3O,
1997, and then at Union Station (5O Massachusetts Avenue) from June 18 -
July 9, 1997. Anyone who is in the Washington area is invited to visit the
exhibit at any time from 8:OO a.m. - 5:OO p.m. weekdays at the Bank or
daily at the train station.

After leaving Washington, the exhibition is expected to travel to Honduras
in July and to Jamaica in late October.

For more information, contact:
jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
or, during June 1997,
Georgina De Alba <DEALBAG@tivoli.si.edu>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 21 00:05:00 1997
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From: Jamie Oliver <jamieo@gbrmpa.gov.au>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: infinite email loops
Date: Wed, 21 May 1997 13:27:45 +1000
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To Jim Hendee and members of the list

I discovered on Monday that it was likely that I was (inadvertently) causing the problem with the repeating mail on the list. I notified the computing section of this and am told that it is now fixed.

The problem was caused when I switched mailers and asked the computing section to forward mail from my previous address. The older mailer behaved in an unanticipated fashion when asked to forward mail, and cause the infinite loop.

Sorry for the problems and annoyance. (I was getting pretty annoyed myself - then discovered I was the problem!)

Jamie Oliver
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 20 17:17:58 1997
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Date: Tue, 20 May 1997 16:16:30 -0400 (EDT)
From: "E.N. Edinger" <edingeen@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: post-doctoral position available.
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 POSTDOCTORAL POSITION

 RESIDENT ADVISOR, McMASTER-UNDIP PROJECT

 MARINE ECODEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH: SEMARANG, INDONESIA

	DURATION: Approx. Sept. 1997 - Dec. 1998, POSSIBLE RENEWAL.
	SALARY: $30,000-35,000 (Cdn.)/ yr.
	RESPONSIBILITIES: Supervise research activities, organize
	seminars and short-courses, limited teaching and administrative duties.
	QUALIFICATIONS: Ph.D. in environmental sciences.

 For the past eight years, McMaster University has been involved in
a joint partnership project with Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP), in
Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The project is designed to train
Indonesians in environmental sciences, to assess environmental quality in
Central Java, and to evaluate any effects on the health of human
populations. The first phase of the project was funded by CIDA, under the
IPCD program, and is now under the overall management of the Partneship
Branch of AUCC, as a CIDA Tier Two project. The annual budget is on the
order of $150,000.

 To date, the project has been extremely productive. Eight
Indonesians have received MSc degrees from McMaster, and four are now
enrolled in PhD programs elsewhere. Several dozen senior thesis projects
have been supported, and over 100 local research projects. So far, over
two dozen papers have appeared in the primary refereed scientific
literature, and innumerable reports written. Several joint seminars and
short courses have been given. In the early phases, concentration was on
gathering of primary data. We have now moved into the second phase, the
integration of those data with questions of marine food web effects, human
food supply, and human health concerns. Among the research areas of our
students are: assessment of sewage input into shallow coastal bays on the
north coast of Java; infant mortality rates in coastal communities as a
function of marine contamination; the use of bioactive marine compounds as
replacments for pesticides and antibiotics, and several more.

UNDIP is a large university, with a mandate for marine science, and a
large teaching hospital. UNDIP has the only marine laboratory on Java,
located in Jepara, approx. 50 km to the east. The project is managed by
counterpart Project Management Units at UNDIP and McMaster, and we enjoy
close relations with the UNDIP Environmental Studies Centre.

An essential role is played by the Resident Advisor; in fact, the success
of the project so far can be in large part attributed to the dedicated and
talented RA's that have served there in the past. We seek a new RA, for
the period (approximately) Oct. 1/97 to Dec. 31, 1998. There is a
possibility that the posting could be extended an additional year.

The candidate should have completed the PhD, in one of the environmental
sciences. Preference will be given to those who show an aptitude for
connecting scientific results with human impacts, especially human health
effects, who can supervise research, conduct scientific diving operations,
and who have some experience in working in developing countries. The
posting might be suitable for an academic on sabbatical leave.

The salary is in the range of $30,000-35,000. The project already has
rented a house in Semarang, and has a car and driver. Most living expenses
are covered by the RA's household allowance. Responsibilities will include
administering local research grants, supervising local research,
interfacing with the UNDIP PMU, and conducting and publishing research
results. Preference will be given to candidates who show an aptitude for
producing results.

Applications should include a complete CV and a list of three references,
and should be submitted to:
 Dr. M.J. Risk
 Department of Geology
 McMaster Univ.
 Hamilton, Ont.
fax 905-522-3141
ph 905-525-9140, ext. 24183

NOTE: there is no formal closing date for this competition. We will hire
as soon as we receive an application from an ideal candidate. We are equal
opportunity employers: results-oriented candidates of all ages, sexes and
nationalities are invited to apply.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 21 16:14:36 1997
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Message-ID: <n1347895265.23789@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 21 May 1997 15:03:39 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: AFRICAN DUST AND CORAL REEF
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 Subject: Time: 2:53 PM
 AFRICAN DUST AND CORAL REEFS Date: 5/21/97

I beleive this origniated on the GreenWire:

CORAL REEFS: AFRICAN DUST MAY CAUSE DETERIORATION

 A federal geologist has concluded that iron-rich dust generated by
"drought-stricken" fields in northern Africa is damaging coral reefs from
the Florida Keys to the Caribbean Sea.

 Gene Shinn initially believed that sewage in the Keys was the cause of
disease in nearby corals, until he also found the diseases "on little
islands in the Caribbean where nobody lives." So he began to focus on the
correlation between African dust "episodes" and coral disease outbreaks.

 As desertification began to spread across northern African in the
early 1970s, measuring stations in the Caribbean also began recording large
dust increases. At the same time, coral reef scientists began to notice
new disease outbreaks. Dust levels peaked again in 1987, the year corals
all over the Caribbean bleached white.

 Shinn, working at the Center for Coastal Geology in St. Petersburg, FL,
 noted that iron in the dust stimulates the growth of algae which damage
the reefs, and the dust also contains bacterial spores.

 If the dust proves harmful to corals, efforts to reverse
desertification in northern Africa should increase, according to Duke U.
marine biologist Richard Barber. Barber: "Wouldn't it be wonderful if
some rock group took saving the coral reefs to heart, and the action would
be to plant trees and fences in Chad and Mali?" (David Olinger, ST.
PETERSBURG TIMES, 5/11).

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 22 11:35:47 1997
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Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 10:37:21 -0500
From: "Jack, Sobel" <sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com>
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: DUST, REEFS, SENSATIONALISM
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Working for a conservation organization, I have on occasion heard members
of both the scientific and press communities unfairly attack the
conservation community for being too sensational and speculative. Recent
press reports on African Dust and Coral Disease Epidemics make me wonder
whether if the shoe doesn't belong on the other foot these days, but it
is not entirely clear whether this is a result of poor science, poor
reporting, or both.

In press reports, statements by reputable scientists linking African Dust
deposition and Coral Disease epidemics to major Pan-Caribbean and Florida
Keys coral reefs declines; linking African Dust to coral disease
epidemics; and linking the coral disease epidemics to Florida Bay and/or
sewage discharge have been widely circulated. Yet, there appears to be
at best tenuous correlations and creative speculation behind these
reports. Such creativity and speculation can serve a valid purpose in
the scientific (and public) process, but when sensationalized in press
reports to garner funding, engage in dangerous experiments, affect
policy, or deflect attention from well-documented problems such as
over-harvesting and declining water quality can be quite destructive.

My questions to the coral-list serve community are:
(1) What is the scientific evidence behind the African Dust scenario
being a major contributor to Pan-Caribbean and Florida coral reef
declines and how does this compare to evidence for the contributions of
water quality degradation and overfishing?
(2) What is the proposed mechanism for African Dust causing algal
overgrowth or coral disease epidemics and what evidence is there to
support them?
(3) In high nutrient Southern Ocean waters far from continental/island
run-off, iron has been suggested as a limiting factor in algal
productivity. There is both a reasonable mechanism and some evidence to
support this view. However, in low nutrient tropical environments
adjacent to land, where coral reefs are found, is there any reason to
believe that dust-born iron inputs from Africa are an important factor in
shifting Coral/Algal balance relative to other factors? Enough to fund
or engage in the kind of speculative experimentation that has been
proposed to dump iron into pristine coral reef communities and monitor
the impact?

I'm interested in hearing any feedback, views, or information on these
issues that other in the scientific community can provide?
********************************************************************
* Jack Sobel, Director *
* Ecosystem Protection *
* Center for Marine Conservation *
* 1725 DeSales St. NW Suite #600 *
* Washington, DC 20036 *
* Phone: (202)429-5609 *
* Fax (202)872-0619 *
* Email: jsobel@cenmarine.com *
* *
* *
*"If the biota, in the course of aeons, has built something we like*
*but do not understand, then who but a fool would disgard seemingly*
*useless parts? To keep every cog and wheel is the first precaution*
*of intelligent tinkering." Aldo Leopold *
********************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 22 13:07:23 1997
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Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 12:17:51 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Grant opportunity
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970522121516.8960B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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[ The original of the following message from Mark Eakin had a header that
was too long for this listserver, so I've chopped the cc's off. ]

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 22 May 1997 15:15:00 GMT
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: FWD>Grant opportunity

(For more information contact the below address. Please don't reply to
this message.)

--------------------------------------
Date: 5/22/97 9:47 AM
From: Josh Foster
Million-Dollar Grants for Young Scientists

(For more information contact the below address. Please don't reply to
this message.)

This announcement appeared in the May 1,1997 Chronicle of
Philanthropy, p. 15:

The James S. McDonnell Foundation plans to award 10 grants--of $1 million
each--to young scientists whose "research shows great scholarly promise
for the 21st century." Applicants must be younger than 40 or must have
received their Ph.D. within the last 12 years. Grants will be given in 5
areas of study: astrophysics and cosmology, human genetics, global and
complex systems, human cognition, and the history and philosophy of
science.

Applications are available from the McDonnell Centennial Fellowship
Program, 1034 South Brentwood Blvd. Suite 1850, St. Louis, MO 63117
(314) 721-1532. Please visit www.jsmf.org for more information.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 23 14:51:54 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: blanchon@indiana.edu (Paul Blanchon)
Subject: Reefs and African Dust
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Dear Jack and other List members,

As far as I am aware, there has been no scientific evidence published to
support a link between Saharan-dust flux and reef health. The source of the
story was a report in the May 11th issue of the St. Petersburg Times. For
all those interested in how that story was originally reported, I have
provided a link to it in the Reef Notes section of the Reef Resource Page:
http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage
(you need a frame-capable browser to view the site; if not e-mail me for a
copy of the story).

Sensationalism is a product of reporting -- it sells newspapers. If there
is no published science to back such stories up then they are clearly non
issues. Perhaps we should wait for the science before we make subjective
judgements about the dust hypothesis -- whatever that hypothesis turns out
to be.

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Paul Blanchon Ph.D || Research Associate
 Department of Geological Sciences,
 1005 E. 10th Street,
 Indiana University,
 Bloomington, IN 47405-1403.
 Tel: (812) 855-9729 Fax: (812) 855-7899
 E-mail: blanchon@indiana.edu
 Visit the Reef Resource Page at:
 http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 23 20:33:38 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: The Fe hypothesis for Coral Reefs
Cc: jprospero@rsmas.miami.edu
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It might be intructive if interested parties looked up an re-read an "old"
paper on this topic: Entsch et al. 1983, Marine Biology 73: 17-30 "
Indications from photosynthetic components that Iron is a limiting nutrient
in primary production on coral reefs" [work done on GBR].

Alina Szmant
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149

TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail: ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 27 08:10:21 1997
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From: Caricomp - Invemar Colombia <caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bibliography Software
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.970526125920.8212B-100000@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
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Dear all:

In this moment I'm working in a Research Institute in Colombia. Here all
of us have a problem, and it is how to organize our bibliography.

We usually use some software like Papyrus (Version 7.0.1.) or Procite
(Version 2.1.), but we are looking for new and better software in this topic.

Best Regards,

Please answer this mail only to this E-mail.

Diego Luis Gil A.
Research Assitent
INVEMAR
caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co
P.O. Box 1016, Santa Marta, Colombia, South America

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 28 06:53:11 1997
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From: nimrod <nimrod@ocean.org.il>
Subject: coral mariculture
Date: Wed, 28 May 1997 13:06:37 +0300
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hello list members

Is there anyone with experience in culturing corals in aquaria under various
water regimes? (current velocity/direction, position of coral, etc.)

with thanks
Nimrod E., IOLR, HAIFA, ISRAEL

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 28 12:55:39 1997
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From: kleypas@sage.cgd.ucar.edu (Joanie Kleypas)
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Subject: Drowned/Submerged Reefs
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 28 May 1997 09:55:26 -0600 (MDT)
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Here is a call-for-information from anyone with knowledge of "drowned"
or "submerged" reefs in any ocean.

Bill Precht and I (J Kleypas) are compiling a database of known and
suspected drowned and submerged reefs of either Holocene or Pleistocene
age.

I have managed to glean a bit of information from the literature,
most of which addresses the Caribbean area (see Table 1 below).

IF ANYONE KNOWS OF ANY DROWNED OR SUBMERGED REEFS (or features
suspected of being reefs) NOT LISTED IN THE TABLE BELOW, COULD
YOU PLEASE SEND ME AN E-MAIL WITH THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION?

******************************************************************
please send any responses directly to: kleypas@ncar.ucar.edu
******************************************************************

We are looking for both published and non-published information,
and will certainly acknowledge any information you might have in
providing any of the following:

 LOCATION:
 LAT & LON:
 DEPTH (m):
 SUSPECTED AGE (if known):
 MEASURED AGE (if measured):
 REFERENCE (if published):
 HOW FEATURE WAS DETECTED (e.g. SCUBA, submersible, ROV):
 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (e.g. size or length of feature, any
 currently coral growth on the feature, any samples collected)

TABLE 1. Reported ages and Depths of drowned or submerged reefs.
=========================================================================
SITE AGE DEPTH SOURCE DATE
 kyr m
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
INDO-PACIFIC

Madagascar 5-15 Hoeblich 1989
W shelf India 60-110 Vora, Almeida 1990
NW Hawaii 17 Ludwig, Szabo, Moore, Simmons 1991
Ka Lae, Hawaii 13.9 160 Moore, Normark, Szabo 1990
Kealakekua Bay 13 150 Moore, Fornari 1984
GBR 40-150 Harris, Davies 1989
Marquesas Is 95 Rougerie, Wauthy, Rancher 1992

CARIBBEAN

Cat Is, Bahamas 20-30 Dominguez, Mullins, Hine 1988
Flower Gardens 15-36 Bright, Kraemer, Minnery, Viada 1984
SE Florida 7-10 Lighty 1985
SE Florida 7 15-30 Lighty 1978
E Caribbean 30-80 Macintyre 1972
Puerto Rico, SW Plei 55,80 Seiglie (M-88) 1968
Cay Sal Bank 20-30 Hine, Steinmetz 1984
Grenadines, E shelf Holo d'Anglejan, Mountjoy (M-88) 1973
Barbados, W coast 40 Macintyre (M-88) 1967
Jamaica, S coast 40 Goreau, Burke (M-88) 1965,66
Jamaica, N coast 80 Goreau (M-88) 1961
Virgin Bank 50 Donnelly (M-88) 1965
Western Guiana 80-120 Nota (M-88) 1958
=========================================================================
M-88 indicates references cited in:
Macintyre, IG. 1988. Modern coral reefs of western Atlantic:
new geological perspective. AAPG Bull 72: 1360-1369.

Many thanks in advance for your information,

Joanie Kleypas & Bill Precht

****************************************************************************
J. Kleypas
Climate Change Research Section
National Center for Atmospheric Research
PO Box 3000
Boulder, CO 80307-3000

PH: (303) 497-1615
FAX: (303) 497-1348

kleypas@ncar.ucar.edu
****************************************************************************
Bill Precht
10570 NW 27th St
Suite 101
Miami, FL 33172
PH: (305) 599-3141
FAX: (305) 599-3143
****************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 28 15:31:35 1997
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Subject: Re: coral mariculture
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "nimrod" <nimrod@ocean.org.il>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Dear Nimrod,

Your closest contact for aquaria coral culture information would be:

Mr. Aaron Miroz
Coral World Eilat
P.O. Box 829
Eilat, Israel
Phone: 07-376666 or 376732
Fax: 07-373193

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA
Office: 703-754-8690 Fax: 703-754-9139
email: sjameson@coralseas.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 29 12:40:57 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network <gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: GCRMN Strategic Plan
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The newly released Strategic Plan for the Global Coral Reef Monitoring
Network may be viewed at:

 http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/gcrmn-strat.html

The PDF file can be found at anonymous FTP coral.aoml.noaa.gov in
subdirectory pub/champ/gcrmn.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 29 15:01:02 1997
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To: kleypas@sage.cgd.ucar.edu
From: blanchon@indiana.edu (Paul Blanchon)
Subject: Relict Reefs
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear Joanie and Bill (and list members),

I work on post-glacial reef development and have published on both relict
(drowned) reefs and active submerged reefs in the Caribbean-Atlantic reef
province. While I can certainly help in updating your list, it would be
useful to know exactly what you are looking for and why.

For example, there are several active submerged reefs in the Caribbean (see
Macintyre et al. '81 4th ICRS Manila 1: 567; Macintyre '91 Coral Reefs 10:
167; Fairbanks '89 Nature 342: 637) that I have argued are independent
structures that are accreting laterally and are prevented from growing to
sea level by hurricane pruning. Drilling data is consistent with this
hypothesis and shows they are composed of up to 12 m of deep water
framework -- more than enough to account for their present architecture
(Blanchon in press 8th ICRS Panama; Blanchon and Jones in press
Sedimentology June '97). Alternatively, there are many reports of relict
"breakwater" reef deposits composed of Acropora palmata in the Caribbean
(for summaries see Blanchon and Jones '95 J Coastal Res 11: 1-33; Blanchon
and Shaw '95 Geology 23: 1-4). Some of these relict breakwater reefs
provided substrate for subsequent submerged-reef development (eg Adey et al
'77, 3rd ICRS Miami 2: 15; Hubbard et al 86 J Sed Pet 56: 841) whereas
others remain uncolonized by deep water coral growth (eg Lightly et al 78;
Blanchon in prep).

If you accept the existence of both these reef types today, then such reef
types also probably existed in the past when sea level was at lower levels
(as shown by Fairbanks's data from Barbados). Without drilling data,
therefore, relict reef features recognized in deep waters could be either
type and consequently of little use for determining things like sea-level
position etc. Let me (and the list) know exactly what reef type you are
looking for and why, and perhaps we can come up with useful data to
supplement your compilation.

Cheers, Paul.

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 Paul Blanchon Ph.D || Research Associate
 Department of Geological Sciences,
 1005 E. 10th Street,
 Indiana University,
 Bloomington, IN 47405-1403.
 Tel: (812) 855-9729 Fax: (812) 855-7899
 E-mail: blanchon@indiana.edu
 Visit the Reef Resource Page at:
 http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 30 05:37:36 1997
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Date: Fri, 30 May 1997 09:55:36 BST
From: Maggy Nugues <mmn100@york.ac.uk>
Subject: Sea urchin relocation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear list members,

I am contemplating an experiment to look at the effects of increased herbivory on Caribbean reefs.
To do this, I would like to move some Diadema to increase densities on some reef areas. But I am
worried that after relocation, the urchins might not remain on the reefs. Has anybody tried relocating
urchins & How might you ensure they remain in the area?

Thanks for your help.

-----------------------------------------------------
Maggy Nugues
E.E.E.M.
University of York
Heslington
YORK YO1 5 DD
UK
Tel: (Int) +44 1904 434069
Fax: (Int) +44 1904 432998
-----------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 30 10:17:03 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: NOAA/FKNMS Special Research Opportunity
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Ben Haskell of NOAA's Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary has asked
that I post the following announcement, which may also be viewed at:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/fknms-zones.html

	Cheers,
	JCH

.................................................................

 1997 Special Research Opportunity
 by NOAA's
 Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Long-term Monitoring of Marine Reserves

	The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) announces a
Special Research Opportunity (SRO) to conduct long-term monitoring in the
Nation's first large-scale coral reef marine zones located in the Florida
Keys. Proposals are sought for the initial phase of a five year monitoring
effort. The Sanctuary will work with the National Undersea Research Center
at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (NURC/UNCW) for review
of proposals. The Sanctuary and NURC/UNCW will also provide logistical
support for field and shore-based operations. Prospective investigators
are requested to contact the Sanctuary for additional information. Details
are provided below regarding specific program requirements and funding.

Background on the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

	In 1990 the U.S. Congress, recognizing the national significance
of this coral reef ecosystem and the real threats to its integrity,
designated a 9,500 km2 area surrounding the Keys as a national marine
sanctuary to protect its biodiversity and achieve sustainable use of its
resources. After a six year planning process, the Sanctuary will be
implemented as of July 1, 1997. A significant management action taking
effect in 1997 will be a series of marine zones (See Figure at
ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/fknms/Notake.jpg) that offer different
levels of habitat protection; the most restrictive of which are no-take
and no-diving. Three of the zones, with special protection, are the focus
of this research announcement.

Monitoring Programs in the FKNMS

	Three large-scale monitoring programs, funded by the Environmental
Protection Agency as part of their water quality protection program, are
currently underway in the Sanctuary. The programs are designed to discern
long-term trends in coral cover, seagrass productivity, and water quality
throughout the Keys. In addition to these programs, the SRO described
here, will begin in 1997 to specifically monitor benthic resources in the
marine zones. The Sanctuary will take a hierarchical approach to monitor
the zones, where Level I Monitoring (the focus of this SRO) addresses
monitoring in the two largest zones and one smaller research-only area,
Level II Monitoring focuses on 13 additional smaller and heavily used
zones, and Level III Monitoring utilizes volunteers to collect core data
in all of the zones.

Scope of Work for Writing Proposals

	The focus of this SRO includes three of the 23 no-take zones in
the Sanctuary: the Western Sambos Ecological Reserve, the Eastern Sambos
Research-only Area, and the Carysfort Sanctuary Preservation Area (see
above chart). Additionally, diving is prohibited in the Eastern Sambos
Research-only Area. The objectives of the Level I Monitoring are
relatively specific, as other programs address fish, lobster, conch, and
seagrass. Close coordination will be required among groups working in the
zones (which will be provided through the Sanctuary program). The specific
objective of the monitoring program addressed by this announcement is to
determine whether or not the no-take regulations have an effect on the
benthic coral reef communities and on important ecological processes.

	The sample design should encompass the wide variety of coral
habitats found within each zone, as well as the spatial and temporal
variation in animal and algal populations. Seagrass habitats and water
quality monitoring are not included in the scope of work. Expected
products after one year of effort should include at a minimum the basic
parameters measured by standard coral reef monitoring programs. Methods
should also include video and/or photographic techniques. Parameters must
include, but are not limited to: abundance, cover, and diversity
measurements for hard and soft corals, sponges, macroalgae, and other
important invertebrates. Flexibility and creativity are sought in setting
up the monitoring program to detect spatial and temporal change within the
zones. Process-based measures (e.g. grazing rates, productivity,
recruitment) or indicator species should be included in proposals.
Reference sites outside the zones should be established as part of a
statistical design that addresses the specific management strategy
(no-take) that will be implemented. Data produced by Level I Monitoring
should be also be used to: 1) help evaluate the replenishment potential of
the zones to surrounding environments; and 2) help calculate measures of
non-use value that may or may not increase during the first five years of
implementation.

Proposal Guidelines

	Proposals shall be limited to 12 pages and are due July 14, 1997.
Proposals should be for two years with the first year of funding not to
exceed $200,000. Work proposed in the second year should be identified
along with a separate budget not to exceed $150,000. The FKNMS program
will undergo a major review after five years by the State of Florida and
NOAA. Proposals responding to this announcement should also address work
and costs, in less detail, for years three through five. The Sanctuary
will use recommendations provided in the proposals to seek appropriate
funding for years three through five. Funding requests can include
salaries, equipment, and supplies. Boat time and dive support including
NITROX should be described; however, they will be provided by NURC/UNCW
and FKNMS. Continuation of the project beyond year one will be contingent
upon funding and project performance. Awards will be made by August 4,
1997. Field work must begin in 1997, and can be initiated as soon as
August 11, 1997. To request proposal guidelines and more details about the
marine zones contact:

Mr. Benjamin Haskell
Science Coordinator
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
P.O. Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
Phone: (305) 743-2437 Email: bhaskell@fknms.nos.noaa.gov

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 This message is in MIME format. The first part should be readable text,
 while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools.
 Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info.

--=====================_864557283==_
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Following is a forwarded message from Erik Meesters. The files he refers
to below (slightly edited) can be found at:

	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/docs/misc

If you have any problems or comments concerning the documents, please
refer them to Erik (meese000@goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de).

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee
	CHAMP Administrator

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 26 May 1997 19:05:12 +0200 (MET DST)
From: Erik Meesters <meese000@goofy.zdv.uni-mainz.de>
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: to list or not?

Hi Jim,

Here's an overview on using digital video cameras for data collection. I
made it after I asked for tips and experiences on the use of digital video
cameras. It includes information on available cameras, transferring data to
your computer, image analysis, and a large section with tips and experiences
from users, as well as a list with useful addresses on the net.

Following are formats of the same file:

digital.txt (text)
digital.wp5 (WP5)
digital.doc (MsWord6)
digital.rtf (RTF)

I hope this works. Thanks for your help.

Cheers,
Erik

--=====================_864557283==_--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 30 12:59:11 1997
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"Good Corporate Citizenship: Realizing Environmental and Competitive Advantage"
July 28August 2, 1997

Intended for environmental law practitioners, business executives, and
professionals from the governmental and public sectors, the Workshop is
designed to provide a functional analysis of US and international
environmental law, policy and practice in relation to environmental and
legal issues of international commerce, business transactions and
developmental projects. The curriculum highlights new and innovative
developments within US and foreign public, private and non-profit sectors,
with specific attention on the application of these areas to non-US
participation. The Workshop sessions are designed to provide participants
with practical knowledge and experience that can easily be applied on the
job. Teaching methods include "hands-on" training exercises, case studies,
and lectures. The program also includes two days of site visits and
off-campus technical instruction at key institutions active in the business
and environment areas. Language: English.

Contact: Office of Advanced Legal Studies, American University, Washington
College of Law, 4801 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20016-8181,
USA; tel: (202) 274-4075, fax: (202) 274-4130, e-mail:
ECKSTEIN@wcl.american.edu; Internet Homepage 
http://www.wcl.american.edu/workshop or
http://www.wcl.american.edu/pub/spals/office.html

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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: elementary students construct a reef exhibit
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With apologies to anyone who has already seen this mesage on another list:

TAKE CARE OF OUR CORAL REEF
By Susan Wolter (Kocurek Elementary School) and Judith Lang (Texas Memorial
Museum, University of Texas at Austin)

In the spirit of following up on Bob Ginsburg's suggestion that successful
approaches to IYOR be shared, here's a brief description of an activity
suitable for elementary school-aged children:

During February, 1997, first graders at Kocurek Elementary School in
Austin, Texas, used brightly-painted scrap materials to construct an
exhibit which portrays the beauty and diversity of a coral reef. The
students' individual thoughts, captured in their writings and drawings,
have been bound into a small booklet that travels with the exhibit. Their
understanding of reef conservation issues is illustrated with additional
narrated sketches that are displayed nearby and reduced to form an
inexpensive, black-on-blue handout.

In March, 14 of the first graders, along with their parents, S. Wolter, and
two school administrators, showed several hundred other children how to
make paper coral polyps (many of which were temporarily added to the
exhibit) at two local children's festivals ("Austin Science Fun Day" and
"University ChildFest"), while J. Lang offered each set of adult visitors
copies of the children's conservation handout and the International Year of
the Reef pamphlet (which had been inexpensively reproduced with black ink
on blue paper). The exhibit was on unattended display throughout April in
the Austin Independent School District's 1997 Student Art Show.

Note that, beginning in January, the students had many opportunities to
examine skeletons of reef animals and coral reef videos, books, posters and
photographs. Hence, the children already were quite knowledgeable, and had
become excited at their chance to "help save the corals of the world", when
they began to construct the reef exhibit. Some of the specific
construction techniques were contributed by their art teacher, or by older
students and parents visiting their classroom.

A brief description of the coral polyp and reef construction methods are
given below. Details about our integrated thematic teaching methods, the
resulting conceptual and academic development of the students, useful
resource materials, etc., will be available by July. To learn more at that
time, contact:
 jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
 Texas Memorial Museum
 (512) 471-4954 (Voice)
 (512) 471-4794 (Fax)
OR
 Susan Wolter <swolter@tenet.edu>
 Kocurek Elementary School
 (512) 414-2547 (Voice)
 (512) 282-7824 (Fax)

CONSTRUCTING A CORAL POLYP. Contributed by D.K. Hagman
Students who have already learned how to do this activity can help teach it
to other children.
MATERIALS: Colored multi-purpose paper cut into small rectangles ranging
in sizes from 6 x 1O cm to 7 x 21 cm (2 x 4 in. to 3 x 8 in.), scissors,
transparent tape.
Optional - marking pens, colored pencils, colored tissue cut in similar
sized rectangles.
PROCEDURE:
Place the short side of a rectangle next to an index finger and roll paper
loosely around the finger.
Tape to secure the cylinder and remove from finger.
Make numerous incisions into the cylinder 1/2 to 1 cm (1/8 to 1/4 in.)
apart. The depth of the incision can vary from 2 to 5 cm (1/2 in. to 1 1/2
in.) as desired.
Separate, bend and curl the individual strips to form tentacles.
On the opposite end of the cylinder make 4 or 5 additional incisions.
Fold back the cut edges toward the cylinder to form the base of the polyp
so that the polyp can stand on its own or be secured to some other
structure with tape or glue.
OR (An Alternate Method Devised by the Students)
Hold rectangle or place it on a flat surface.
Make incisions (as above) close together on one of the long sides of the
rectangle to form the tentacles.
Make 2 or 3 incisions far apart on the opposite side to form the base.
Starting with the short side of the rectangle, roll the paper into a
cylinder and secure with a piece of tape.
Bend the strips to form the tentacles and the base as described above.

Optional:
A. Use the marking pens or colored pencils to decorate the polyps with
drawings of their algal symbiants or nematocysts.
B. Make a similar polyp with a smaller diameter using tissue paper of
either coordinating or contrasting colours. Stuff the tissue paper polyp
inside the tube of the original polyp to create a polyp with a more
complicated morphology.

OTHER SEDENTARY ORGANISMS:
Algae, sponges, soft corals and stony corals, etc, can be made of diverse
paper and styrofoam scrap materials: toilet paper and paper towel tubes,
cupcake holders, egg cartons, meat or produce trays, etc. Each is cut,
broken or torn to create the desired shape, given several coats of a
water-solube paint, then attached to the reef base (see below).

The models can be made to look more realistic with a little imagination,
and glue or a glue gun (adult use only!). For example, a coloured pipe
cleaner bent into folds makes the ridges of a brain coral or the tentacle
of a large-polyped coral; cheesecloth, irregularly splashed with dabs of
paint approximates the surfaces of agariciid corals; paper polyps (see
above) can be attached to the surfaces of the stony and soft corals, or
bunched together on the bottom to make a colonial sea anemone; Fruit Loops
(a children's cereal that looks like coloured Cheerios) can become sponge
oscules; a small ball of coloured yarn to which five short "arms" are
attached is a brittle star that can then be wrapped around a sponge; two
adjoining sections of an egg carton form the valves of a clam, etc. We
suggest no use of candies or other sweets, however, regardless of their
potentially-useful shapes.

MOTILE, BENTHIC ORGANISMS
Bubble algae, turf algae, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, octopus,
sting rays, other bottom-dwelling fish, etc., can be made of soft coloured
sticks of clay or cellu-clay (which is similar to paper mache but easier to
mold). (Coloured tooth picks can be used for the urchin spines.) Once the
clay or cellu-clay has dried, the organisms can be painted with tempra
paints.
Coloured pipe cleaners can also be bent in diverse ways to fashion
roundworms, starfish, tubeworms, and other mobile animals.

LARGE REEF FISHES
Draw duplicate outlines of interesting fishes on plain white paper.
Decorate the "outer" side of each outline with coloured pencils or marking pens.
Staple the two halves together (do not allow young children to use a
stapler by themselves), leaving a space to stuff the fish with paper
tissues. Staple the opening shut, then glue a piece of plastic fishing line
or heavy thread to the back of the fish for later suspension from a dowel
extending above the reef.

SMALL SCHOOLING FISHES:
Wooden ice-cream sample spoons or the round ends of tongue depressors can
be painted, and then further decorated with dots or stripes in a
contrasting color with a permanent marking pen. An adult can use a glue gun
to connect several fishes to a length of fishing line or heavy thread,
which is then attached to one of the dowels.

REEF BASE
Irregularly-shaped pieces of brightly-painted, styrofoam packing material
can be glued to pieces of stout, painted cardboard to approximate the
cracks, crevices and uneven topography at the base of a reef. Larger pieces
placed towards the rear and center of the model help create a natural mound
effect, and increase the visibility of each student's contribution. The
cellu-clay (see above) can also be applied over the styrofoam to modify its
shape or add texture. After the sedentary organisms (see above) have been
attached to the cardboard or styrofoam creations, pale green and white
styrofoam "peanuts" can be glued onto any remaining unused spaces to create
an algal pavement.

BACKDROP AND DISPLAY
A frame that is about 6 ft. high and of appropriate horizontal dimensions
to fit under and behind the table on which the exhibit rests can be
constructed of 5/8 in. diameter PVC pipe (or equivalent material). A
backdrop of blue construction paper, on which a simple reef scene is either
painted or glued, can be taped to the frame. The large reef fishes and the
small schooling fishes can be suspended from dowels that extend
horizontally above the reef at right angles to the frame: "anchors" for the
dowels being holes drilled in the top horizontal support of the frame. If
the table is located near a door or fan, the fish move in response to
gentle breezes. Blue cellophane can be draped over the dowels, adding to
the underwater atmosphere.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jun 1 21:11:56 1997
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Message-Id: <199706020040.UAA14462@tula.cura.net>
Comments: Authenticated sender is <ecosense@popmail.cura.net>
From: ecosense@cura.net
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Sun, 1 Jun 1997 20:34:26 -04:0
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Subject: The Coral Reef Game
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NEW PUBLICATION

The Coral Reef Game

by Manfred Van Veghel, Marianne Prins & Jacqueline Bakker

This board game is developed for Reef Care Curacao as a teacher-free
educational tool for primary school on Curacao (Netherlands Antilles).
It is a family board-game for 2 to 4 persons and can be played on
different levels. Players as old as 10 years can play all
levels of the game, while kids from age 3 and up enjoy themselves in
the first round of the game. All kinds of additional variations on the
game are possible, from memory and combination games to `bingo', using
the different accessories included. Kids learn about biodiversity,
food chains and positive actions to save our reefs.
The directions and chance-card are in English, Dutch and Papiamentu,
the rest of the game is free of text. In full color, with artwork by
Peter van der Wolf.

For more information check our webpage at:

http://www.aquadiving.com/reefgame.html

EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net>
Dr. Manfred L.J. van Veghel
PO Box 3187
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles
Phone and Fax: +599 9 4613196

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 2 01:48:16 1997
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Date: 	Mon, 2 Jun 1997 12:49:25 +0800 (HKT)
From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk>
X-Sender: reefchck@uststf4.ust.hk
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Press Release
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The following is a press release about Reef Check '97 from the Office of Public Affairs HKUST.

Media coverage world wide is an important part of the Reef Check project as it raises public awareness of the plight of coral reefs, and the importance of their sustainablity. If you would like further information about media coverage, or would like more

 detailed information about the project for press releases in your own area please contact me <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk> or Telephone (852) 2358-8568,
Fax (852) 2358-1582. Alternatively log on to our website homepage http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html. for the latest update on the project.

Sincerely

Penny Quaile
Reef Check Intern
____________
For release
29 May 1997

HKUST LAUNCHES FIRST GLOBAL REEF SURVEY

	Scuba-diving students from the Hong Kong University of Science and
Technology are joining hundreds of divers around the world for Reef Check 1997,
the first global survey of coral reefs.

	The world headquarters for Reef Check is located in the HKUST Research
Centre's Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development.

	Between 14 June and 31 August, reef scientists will train and lead more
than 100 teams of volunteer divers from 35 countries to measure the health of
more than 300 coral reefs around the world. In Hong Kong, student teams from
Hong Kong and Chinese Universities will be diving alongside those from HKUST.

	"Coral reefs are an important natural resource throughout the tropics,
but particularly in the South China Sea," says RC Director Prof Jay Chen. "We
must raise awareness of their value, and gather more accurate data on how they
function and respond to human activity."

	HKUST's Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development will
analyze the data and report on the state of the world's reefs at a campus press
conference in mid-October.

	"We have heard that many reefs believed to be in good shape actually
have been damaged by human impacts, such as dynamite and poison fishing," said
Dr Gregor Hodgson, the HKUST biologist leading the initiative. "However,
scientists do not have a clear picture of the health of the world's reefs."

	Dr Hodgson first suggested the idea for a global survey on the
Internet. "Based on the massive response from serious scientists, I realized
that we should go for it." Now Reef Check 1997 is the most ambitious project
during the International Year of the Reef.

	 Over two hundred million years old, coral reefs have been called the
tropical rain forests of the ocean, housing over 25% of all marine species,
including some of the favorite delicacies of Chinese cuisine such as sea
cucumber, live fish and shellfish. Scientists are only beginning to uncover
their hidden secrets; some of the newest anti-cancer and AIDS-fighting drugs
have been derived from reef organisms.

	Coral reefs are vital for the world's largest industry, tourism. Some
Island regions, such as Hawaii and Hainan Island,China, depend on reefs for tourism
dollars as well as for fishing. Sandy beaches are created and protected by
reefs. Without this protection, shorelines are washed away, a recent occurrence
at one beach-front resort in Hainan after the coral reef was removed.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 2 04:05:27 1997
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Date: Mon, 02 Jun 97 15:15:21 +800
From: "Peter N. King" <peking@mail.asiandevbank.org>
Encoding: 29 Text
Message-Id: <9705028652.AA865289837@mail.asiandevbank.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca, sbettencourt@worldbank.org
Subject: Recovery from cyanide poisoning
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 As you may know, the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, GEF, AusAID,
 JICA and the Government of Indonesia are formulating a major Coral
 Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project in Indonesia and we seek
 the cooperation of Coral-List members in providing the technical
 backstopping for this ambitious undertaking.

 One of the unresolved areas debated in Indonesia and the Philippines
 is the extent to which coral reefs can recover from cyanide poisoning
 associated with illegal fishing for the live fish trade. In a 1986
 paper, Peter Rubec noted that researchers in the Philippines were
 divided on the question of whether squirting sodium cyanide at coral
 reefs caused their death. "Scleratinian corals reacted by retracting
 their polyps and exuding a mucoid substance. In a matter of minutes,
 the polyps came out again positioned in the usual way." "A second
 dose was given four months after the first. A day after the second
 application, all corals appeared to have recovered. But when the
 stations were revisited three months later, all corals in the test
 quadrats were dead." The results may have been confounded by an
 outbreak of COTS (Acanthaster sp.).

 Can anyone explain a mechanism that would allow the corals to survive
 for four months after the first dose, apparently recover after the
 second dose, and then appear to have died 3 months later? What have
 other field or laboratory tests shown in relation to recovery rates
 following cyanide poisoning?

 Peter King
 Asian Development Bank
 Manila, Philippines

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 2 10:10:24 1997
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From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Sites (fwd)
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FORWARDED FROM THE EDITOR OF CORAL REEFS

Anybody out there have outstanding photographs illustrating interesting
aspects of the geology/biology/ecology of coral reefs. Check Reef Sites
in CORAL REEFS.

*******PLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE AND FAX BELOW***********************

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/553-1109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 27 May 1997 10:11:08 +0100 (BST)
From: Terry Hughes <thughes@tcd.ie>
To: JCORTES@CARIARI.UCR.AC.CR, path@amsg.austmus.oz.au,
 juergen.paetzold@.uni-bremen.de, cr10@york.ac.uk,
 fautin@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu, miller@nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu,
 jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu, pol@univ-perp.fr,
 dobura@users.africaonline.co.ke, swells@wwfnet.org,
 C.WILKINSON@pearl.AIMS.GOV.AU, pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu,
 ks95@umail.umd.edu, rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk, pichon@univ-perp.fr,
 potts@biology.ucsc.edu, psammarco@ccoffman.lumcon.edu,
 thomassin@com.univ-mrs.fr,
 iclarm.caribsurf.com@quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au
Subject: Reef Sites

Dear All,

Coral Reefs needs more Reef Sites. If you know of anyone who has an
interesting photograph or slide that they would like to publish, please have
them contact me. My address until January 15th, 1998 is:

Zoology Dept,
Trinity College,
Dublin 2, Ireland.

Best Wishes,

Terry Hughes
Managing Editor, Coral Reefs

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---------------------------- Forwarded with Changes ---------------------------
From: jreed@rsmas.miami.edu at EXTERNAL
Date: 6/2/97 1:41PM
To: Jim Bohnsack at ~NMFS-SEFC
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--PART.BOUNDARY.noaardc.560e.33931b97.0001
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Postdoctoral Associate - Benthic Ecology

The Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a joint
activity of the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of marine and
Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administrations's Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC), invites
applications for a postdoctoral position for research on a wide-range of
problems involving hard-bottom benthic ecology, coral reefs, habitat
restoration, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. This position
is responsible for scientific investigations dealing with life history,
ecology, and population dynamics of attached organisms on coral reefs, live
bottom, and other hard bottom habitats in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.
A significant portion of time is anticipated to be directed to studies of
restoration and surveys of coral reef communities. This position will
allow substantial interaction among scientists at both NOAA and RSMAS. The
initial term of the appointment is one year beginning in 1997; with a
satisfactory review of performance, it is renewable for a second and third
year. Screening of applications will begin June 1, 1997 and will continue
until the position is filled.

Written applications (electronic applications cannot be accepted)
consisting of a curriculum vitae, a statement of research interests, and
the names, addresses, and telephone number of three references should be
sent to:

Dr. Joseph M. Prospero
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, FL 33149

An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Smoke/drug free workplace.
 POSITION DESCRIPTION
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Job Description:
POSTDOCTORAL ASSOCIATE IN BENTHIC ECOLOGY

RESEARCH SITUATION

This is a special research position in the Cooperative Institute for Marine
and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) of the University of Miami and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations's Southeast Fisheries Science
Center (SEFSC). The incumbent is responsible for planning, directing, and
the performance of research on benthic and sessile species associated with
coral reefs, hard bottoms, artificial reefs, and other reef resources.

Specific responsibilities expected for this position are:
Direction and participation in scientific investigations dealing with
research on a wide-range of problems involving life history, ecology, and
population dynamics of benthic organisms on coral reefs, live bottom, and
other hard bottom habitats in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico. The
incumbent is responsible for data collection and research involving site
specific studies, analysis and interpretation of existing monitoring data,
developing protocols for long-term monitoring, and evaluation of management
activities involving hard-bottom benthic ecology, coral reefs, habitat
restoration, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. A significant
portion of time is anticipated to be directed to studies of restoration and
surveys of coral reef communities. The results of these investigations
are expected to provide the necessary information for the rational
management of reef resources in the Atlantic Ocean on a regional, national,
and international basis.

SUPERVISION RECEIVED

The incumbent must be able to work independently, but he/she will be under
the direct supervision of the Director of CIMAS, and will be expected to
work under the guidance of senior scientists at CIMAS and with other
researchers at SEFSC, and other NOAA institutions. The incumbent is
expected to derive technical guidance regarding his/her work through
interaction with scientists within and outside CIMAS and SEFSC. The
incumbent is expected to periodically report to the Director of CIMAS on
the progress of work.

GUIDELINES AND ORIGINALITY

Available guidelines and precedents such as existing literature in the
field are largely lacking in many critical areas of research. A high
degree of originality is required in defining problems which are often
complex. The incumbent is expected to develop and apply new techniques and
original methods to attack problems in benthic ecology of interest to
habitat management. Researcher must show creativity and apply a high
degree of insight to finding solutions to habitat problems. Incumbent must
analyze and synthesize complex data and information of precedent-setting
nature. The incumbent will work with other scientists to develop
guidelines for the research approach. The incumbent will rely on the
guidance of his/her supervisor when a clear direction is not apparent after
considering his/her own opinions and those of any collaborators.

QUALIFICATIONS AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTIONS

The incumbent must have extensive academic training and field experience in
marine and habitat sciences and the technical knowledge described above
concerning the environmental factors regulating organisms on coral reefs.
In addition he/she must utilize information and methodologies from other
disciplines including oceanography and statistics. He/she must be able to
carefully explain and document interpretive results before the scientific
community from many countries. He/she is expected to publish papers which
are accepted by his/her peers as significant research findings. He/she is
also expected to maintain an active affiliation with scientific bodies,
universities, and the private sector to undertake continuing studies of
other research affecting program objectives. The incumbent must
demonstrate leadership by leading a productive research team or by
formulation of productive research ideas for others. He/she may be called
upon to serve as a member of a larger team. The incumbent must be
experienced in the use of computers and computer programming for the
manipulation, numerical analysis, and graphical display of large data sets.

PHYSICAL DEMANDS

The work associated with this position is about evenly divided between that
performed in an office environment and in the field. Extensive field work
conducted on reefs and on scientific cruises will require lifting (less
than 100 lbs), walking, standing, bending, sitting, and swimming. In
addition the incumbent will be called upon as an authorized NOAA SCUBA
diver working with underwater photography, but may also participate in
underwater surveys of various types. Other than these requirements, no
special physical demands are needed to perform the work.

MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS

The incumbent must have a Ph.D. in an appropriate area of marine biology
and direct experience in the benthic ecology of southern Florida or the
Caribbean. The incumbent must be a certified SCUBA diver and have
experience using small boats. Preference will be given to individuals who
have demonstrated direct experience in coral reef and restoration ecology,
benthic processes, and experience with field project management.

Jill A. Reed, Staff Associate
CIMAS/RSMAS,4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami, FL 33149
PH: (305) 361-4159 - FAX (305) 361-4457

--PART.BOUNDARY.noaardc.560e.33931b97.0001--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 2 23:19:29 1997
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Date: 	Tue, 03 Jun 1997 10:30:10 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
Organization: Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: ADB etc Cyanide Fishing Impacts
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$$ For Cyanide Fishing Damage Rehabilitation ADB etc

It would be interesting to know if coral list members believe that
rehabilitation is the best way to spend money on coral reef
conservation. Please post replies to the list.

There is a desperate need for good controlled scientific studies of
cyanide fishing impacts on coral reefs as it is normally practiced e.g.
under different water current regimes. I am unaware of well-controlled
scientific studies that demonstrate that cyanide fishing has killed
numerous whole reefs i.e. corals and all as has been widely reported in
the media. At the February ICRI meeting, Indonesian scientists reported
that many reefs in Eastern Indonesia were cleaned out of large target
species due to cyanide fishing, but that the corals were generally in
good condition. Although cyanide dumping has been reported to occur, it
would seem that there would be little incentive for a cyanide fisherman
to pour an uncontrolled dose of cyanide onto a reef and turn a US$10,000
live grouper into a US$500 dead one. How common is cyanide dumping?

If cyanide fishing as normally practiced, does minor damage to other
organims, and if it could be restricted to small to medium-sized fish,
then it is simply an alternative fishing method.

An efficient method of controlling cyanide fishing and preventing coral
reef damage is to control demand. There is a pressing need for studies
of the demand side of cyanide fishing e.g.:

1) What is the size preference for live fish of different species in
different regions of China?
<<Of 80 students in my ecology class, 5 ate live fish at Chinese New
Year and none ate one larger than 2 kg>>

2) What are the characteristics of people who prefer to eat fish larger
than 2 kg?
<<In HK, big fish seem to appear at e.g. business functions, not
weddings>>>

3) What cultural (traditional and modern) factors are involved in the
consumption of large live fish?
<<Longevity -- is a big fish better?>>

4) What are the typical dishes that large live fish are cooked into?
<<Big fish are tough -- in HK usually end up as soup>>

3) What is the market size for live fish?
<<All over southern China -- many different preferences and prices RMB
338/lb (US50/lb) in China last week for a small grouper>>

4) What are the prospects for an educational campaign to diminish demand
for large live fish?

Perhaps some of the $$ for the cyanide fishing project could be devoted
to the study of the above questions and especially trial implementation
of #4 -- an educational campaign in HK and southern China -- "adopt a
Maori wrasse?"

Gregor Hodgson

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 2 23:52:29 1997
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 03 Jun 1997 10:51:55 +1200
Date: Tue, 03 Jun 1997 10:55:49 +1200
From: @usp.ac.fj@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: LOOKING FOR JOHN PANDOLFI, PETER MINCHIN
To: CORAL-LIST@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-id: <01IJMT4ZIZ768ZE4VY@usp.ac.fj>
Organization: The University of the South Pacific
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Dear Coral-listers,

Have unsuccessfully tried various sources to obtain email addresses for John. M.
Pandolfi (Panama?) and Peter R. Minchin (Australia?). Can anyone
help?

Sincerely, Oliver

M.Tina Davis
P.O. Box 1168, Dept. of Biology
University of the South Pacific
Suva, Fiji
email address: davis_t@usp.ac.fj
phone:(country code)679-
 (home)306-118; (office)212-527

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 4 01:25:38 1997
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From: "Dr Laurent WANTIEZ" <lwantiez@canl.nc>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral gardens
Date: Wed, 4 Jun 1997 14:25:33 +1100
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Bonjours all,

I am actually working on coral reef rehabilitation and creation and
management of coral gardens for resorts.
I have a report on the work done in Moorea (Park Royal Beachcomber hotel)
but I am looking for more recent information (scientific publication,
reports, personal experience) on that subject.
Thank you for answering to the following Email address.

Dr Laurent Wantiez
T&W Consultants
Environment and Marine Resources
email : lwantiez@canl.nc tel/fax : + 687 27 1447

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 4 12:35:41 1997
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Date: Wed, 4 Jun 1997 11:26:29 -0400
To: listser@usgcrp.gov
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: June 9th USGCRP Seminar: Antarctic Update: An Ecosystem Perspective on UV
 Radiation and Climate Change Impacts
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 U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series

 Antarctic Update: An Ecosystem Perspective on UV Radiation
 and Climate Change Impacts

What are the effects of recent climate changes on Antarctic ecosystems and
what are the implications for the future? Is there a relationship between
ozone depletion and higher levels of UV radiation reaching the surface in
the Antarctic region? What effects have seasonally increased levels of
UV-B radiation had on Antarctic ecosystems? How will these changes affect
other ecosystems and food webs?

 Public Invited

 Monday, June 9, 1997, 3:15-4:45 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

Dr. Cornelius W. Sullivan, Director, Office of Polar Programs, National
Science Foundation, Arlington, VA

SPEAKERS

Dr. William R. Fraser, Biology Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT

Dr. Deneb Karentz, Departments of Biology and Environmental Science,
University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

 OVERVIEW

Dr. Fraser and Dr. Karentz have concluded the following regarding the
impacts of ozone depletion and climate change in the Antarctic: 1) Changing
patterns of snow deposition and melt are affecting summer nesting habitats
of penguins in the West Antarctic peninsula by producing a mismatch between
the availability of breeding habitat and the requirements of penguins at
various stages in their breeding cycle; 2) These changes are consistent
with there having been warming in certain regions of the West Antarctic on
the order of 4-5 degrees C which are values generally consistent with
observations and model predictions; 3) Those Antarctic species found at the
periphery of their breeding ranges are most likely to undergo pronounced
changes due to climate change; 4) Antarctic marine organisms have different
sensitivities to UV exposure; 5) The amount of biological damage to Antarctic
marine organisms due to UVB radiation is directly correlated to the level of
ozone depletion; 6) Increased levels of UVB radiation in the Antarctic can, and
do, result in impairment of metabolic processes, decreases in growth,
reduction in reproductive potential, morphological abnormalities, genetic
damage, and death; and 7) UV-induced damage to marine organisms can further
lead to the disruption of entire ecosystems and food webs, and therefore,
the availability of food resources for humans and other ecosystems.

 Long-Term Changes in Certain Antarctic Predator Populations: Evidence of
 Climate Warming in the Western Antarctic Peninsula Region

It is estimated that a century ago the number of baleen whales feeding in
the Antarctic during summer totaled about one million, with a biomass of 43
million tons. These whales fed primarily on a small crustacean, the
Antarctic krill, taking an estimated 190 million tons annually. By the
1930's, commercial whaling had reduced the whale population to about
340,000 individuals, and today the current biomass probably does not
exceed 7 million tons, or about one sixth of the initial stock.

A central tenet of Antarctic ecology holds that the depletion of baleen
whale stocks resulted in a "krill surplus." Documented increases in the
abundance of krill-dependent predators such as seals and penguins following
the collapse of whale stocks have thus been attributed to the effects of
competitive release, or the idea that, without whales, other predators
benefited from the increased availability of krill. Although this
hypothesis has been one of the dominant elements guiding the
interpretation of data related to Southern Ocean food web dynamics, close
inspection of the long-term population trends of some of these predators
has revealed patterns that are inconsistent with this model.

These trends, based on two ecologically similar penguins (Chinstrap and
Adelie) found on the Antarctic Peninsula, suggest these species are
tracking the effects of a warming trend that is affecting the availability
of critical winter and summer habitats. The suspected mechanism appears to
involve a decrease in the frequency of cold years with heavy sea ice, which
represents critical winter habitat. Changing patterns of snow deposition
and melt, perhaps related to the absence of winter sea ice as well, are also
affecting summer nesting habitat, producing a temporal mismatch between
the availability of breeding habitat and the requirements of penguins, for
example, at various stages in their breeding cycles. These observations
support the predictions of a number of climate model studies with respect
to where pronounced climatological and hence, ecological changes are likely
to occur (polar environments), what species will be affected (those found at the
periphery of their breeding range) and what biophysical processes may be
involved (the disruption of evolved natural history patterns by changing
the timing of physical events). These observed physical changes, as well
as changes in patterns of behavior, are consistent with expectations of the
consequences of the observed regional increase in mid-winter temperatures
of 4-5 degrees C over the past half-century.

 Ecological Considerations of Antarctic Ozone Depletion

Global scale ozone depletion attributed to anthropogenic pollution of the
atmosphere was predicted by scientists more the 20 years ago. Ozone is a
natural component of the Earth's atmosphere and ozone specifically absorbs
in the ultraviolet (UV) portion of the solar spectrum. Even under a
"normal" ozone column, harmful UVB radiation passes through to the Earth's
surface. Ozone depletion results in an increase in the amount of
biologically harmful ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that reaches the Earth's
surface and that penetrates into the surface waters of the oceans.

UVB is biologically harmful, primarily because UVB is absorbed by key
biological molecules such as nucleic acids (DNA) and proteins. Absorption
of UV causes structural damage to these molecules, changing their physical
shape and interfering with the specific functions they provide for life.
Dr. Karentz and her colleagues have observed and documented, for example,
that increased levels of UVB radiation in the Antarctic provoke a range of
changes in marine organisms, such as impairment of metabolic processes,
decreases in growth, reduction in reproductive potential, morphological
abnormalities, genetic damage, and death. Thus, the evidence suggests that
UV-induced damage to specific organisms can initiate various degrees of
disruption in marine ecosystems, upsetting the balance between organisms
and their environment.

Research conducted in the Antarctic indicates that the amount of biological
damage to marine organisms is directly correlated to the level of ozone
depletion. It has also been observed that Antarctic organisms have
differential sensitivities to UV exposure such that a dose of UV that is
lethal to one species may only cause impairment in another. The degree of
tolerance is dependent on 1) the effectiveness of protective strategies
that serve to minimize damage by reducing exposure to UVB, and 2) repair
mechanisms that can correct UVB-induced damage. The combination of
protection and repair capabilities varies among species and will influence
survival, growth, and reproductive success under UVB stress. Because each
species responds differently, shifts in species composition (biodiversity)
are expected under an increased UVB regime. Even subtle alterations in the
quantity or quality of food sources (phytoplankton and krill) can
ultimately affect the larger Antarctic consumers such as penguins, seals,
and whales. Because the Antarctic marine ecosystem is directly linked to
the rest of the world's oceans, changes in the Antarctic region can
initiate changes in the rest of the biosphere. We need, therefore, to
understand better what these changes might be and what impacts they could
have on humans and other ecosystems.

 Biographies

Dr. William R. Fraser is currently an Assistant Professor in the Polar
Oceans Research Group of the Biology Department at Montana State University
in Bozeman, Montana. His research interests focus on understanding the
physical and biological interactions that control the distribution and
demography of seabirds. His present research on the Antarctic Peninsula
began in 1974 while he was at the University of Minnesota, and has
continued to the present, evolving into a program that employs basic and
applied approaches to investigating issues involving the effects of climate
change, fisheries, and tourism on Antarctic ecosystems, most especially
seabird communities.

Dr. Fraser's work has emphasized long-term research, the rationale being
that the scale of the effort needs to match the scale of the processes
under investigation, and ecological time scales involve decades to
centuries. It was this focus that in 1992, nearly two decades after his
research began, led him to propose that changes in sea ice conditions due
to climate warming were having a significant impact on the Antarctic
ecosystem. Although other researchers had suggested a possible climate
effect, none had identified a mechanism by which changes in the physical
environment might lead to ecosystem-level responses. This work became one
of the founding hypotheses supporting long-term research in Antarctica as
part of the National Science Foundation's prestigious Long-Term Ecological
Research Program.

Dr. Fraser is currently a U.S. representative to the Scientific Committee
on Antarctic Research, Bird Biology Subcommittee, and annually contributes
data and advises national and international programs concerned with
management of Antarctic marine living resources. He received his B.S.
degree in Wildlife Management from Utah State University in 1973, and his
Ph.D. degree in Wildlife Ecology from the University of Minnesota in 1989.

Dr. Deneb Karentz is a Professor in the Departments of Biology and
Environmental Science at the University of San Francisco. She has studied
the UV-photobiology of Antarctic organisms since 1987 and was one of the
first scientists to document the biological effects of Antarctic ozone
depletion. Dr. Karentz's research has underscored the importance of
understanding species-specific responses to UV exposure as a vital
component in evaluating the ecological consequences of ozone depletion. Her
current research program focuses on characterizing tolerance (protection
and repair) mechanisms that determine the UV sensitivity of organisms.

Dr. Karentz has participated in a number of workshops and symposia relating
to the biological effects of UV exposure and the potential impacts of ozone
depletion on ecosystem change. These include meetings sponsored by the
Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), the NATO
Advanced Science Institute Series on Global Environmental Change, the
International Congress of Scientific Unions (ICSU), Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution and the American Association for the Advancement
of Science (AAAS). She has received the Luigi Provasoli Award in
Recognition of an Outstanding Paper published in the Journal of Phycology
and the Arthur Furst Award for Outstanding Research from the University of
San Francisco.

Dr. Karentz's academic background is in marine biology. She has a M.S.
degree from Oregon State University (1976) and a Ph.D. from the University
of Rhode Island (1982). Dr. Karentz was a National Research Service Award
Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of California Medical Center in San
Francisco (1983-1986) and is an instructor in the National Science
Foundation Antarctic Biology Course held at McMurdo Station, Antarctica
(1994, 1995, 1996).

 The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, July 14, 1997

 Planned Topic: Wetlands Losses in the United States: Scope,
 Causes, Impacts and Future Prospects

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, Code
YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax:
(202) 358-4103 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D.
Program Associate
Office of the US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
Code YS-1
300 E St., SW
Washington, DC 20546

Tel: (202) 358-1532
Fax: (202) 358-4103
E-mail: tsocci@usgcrp.gov
World Wide Web Address: http://www.usgcrp.gov/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 4 13:56:52 1997
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 I am looking for information and documentation concerning the
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 Thank you - Terri Jordan
 please reply directly to me at: Tracey.Jordan@noaa.gov

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Reef Check Update - June 1997

********** News from Reef Check Headquarters at HKUST **********

This is it!! Reef Check 1997 begins this month! If you have registered
for Reef Check, you will be part of one of the most ambitious synoptic
ecological surveys attempted. Field work for this exciting volunteer
IYOR activity officially begins on 14 June - United Nations Ocean Day -
and will finish up on 31 August. We have recently plotted the global
coverage of Reef Check and it is something that all participants should
be proud of. We will shortly post this map on the web.

The Web site (http://www.ust.hk /~webrc/reef.html) is constantly being
updated so please have a look. New pages have been added regarding
data collection and analysis. The automated Excel data reporting files
have been e-mailed to all participants, as well as being made available
on FTP.

We have been fortunate to secure the assistance of Ms Penny Quaile, a
university student from the UK, who is volunteering as a summer intern
as part of her first-year project, and Mr Chan King Tai from Chinese
University will soon be joining us as Assistant Data Analyst.

We sent out our first press release this week. Reef Check has already
received good coverage by the print media around the world. Reef
Check will be get a short blip on CNN International on the new
breakfast show on Friday 6 June and will be covered by CNBC the
international NBC unit on 13 June. We thank you for your help in
moving towards our goal of raising public awareness about the value
of coral reefs and threats to their health.

****** DATE CHANGE FOR INTERNATIONAL MEDIA EVENT ******
Please note that the Reef Check International Press Conference has been
moved to Thursday 16 October to provide sufficient time for analysis of
results from the larger than expected number of teams. Final results
will also be sent to all teams at the same time for further dissemination.

A summary of national and regional activities is given below:

****** ERITREA ******
We are awaiting government approval to carry out REEF CHECK in
Eritrea, southern Red Sea and to also organize a coral reef conservation
and public awareness workshop. There has never been a coral reef
workshop and along with my colleagues and ex-students, we will organize
the workshop to also launch IYOR. REEF CHECK will give us impetus
to develop a regular reef monitoring program.
Amanuel Melles <aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca> Fax: (416) 269-0438

****** GERMANY/RED SEA ******
Michael Eisinger, from the University of Essen in Germany will be
assessing the reefs in Taba and Safaga in Egypt as part of the Red Sea
Reef Check Surveys. He can be contacted at:
<michael.eisinger@uni-essen.de> Fax: 49 (0) 201 183-2529

Slide sets have been prepared for ReefCheck Egypt, which consist of 36
slides in total, all bilingual german/english. These slides describe the
IYOR general concept (key phrases from IYOR goals, etc.), ReefCheck
concept, design, etc. and target fishes and invertebrates within the
Indo-Pacific (with emphasis on Red Sea species).

Prints of those files have been plastified and will be used for underwater
identification during the ReefCheck. If anybody wants to use the files,
we can mail them as Microsoft PowerPoint documents or put them on the
ftp-server at Geomar. Georg Heiss <gheiss@geomar.de>

Moshira Hassan and Gert Woerheide have finished the planning of the
Red Sea ReefCheck. The Egyptian authorities fully support IYOR and
ReefCheck, and Moshira and Gert were successful in setting up a
multinational team involving reef scientists from Germany, France,
England, Scotland, Italy, Netherlands, and Australia. The main ReefCheck
activities will be carried out around Sharm el Sheikh (Sinai Peninsula)
and Hurghada (mainland Egypt) between June 16 and August. The
scientists will change every two weeks and will be based at selected diving
centers in Sharm and Hurghada. Shorter ReefChecks will be carried out
around Taba (near the border to Israel, Sinai, 14 days) and Safaga (south
of Hurghada, 4 weeks) in cooperation with selected diving centers. So the
teams will be able to cover a long coastline and many different reef sites of
the Red Sea in Egypt, reaching from Taba at the northern end of the Gulf
of Aqaba down south to Safaga at the mainland.
Moshira Hassan <mhassan@geomar.de> Fax: 49 (431) 600-2941
Gert Woerheide <gwoerhe@ibm.net> Fax: 49 (551) 39-7996

****** ISRAEL ******
We are planning a survey for late July - early August, where we will
survey the southern portion of the Coral Garden Nature reserve, and make
a comparative check of the areas in front of dive centers, as well as those
further to the south. Our team is a small and dedicated group of divers;
graduate students and PhD's at the University of Haifa's Marine Civilizations
Department, and there is interest in achieving the goals of Reef Check, to
further the global knowledge of coral reefs. We expect to see the damaging
effects of scuba diving on the coral reefs, and hope to use this information
to promote community environmental awareness and conservation. We are
sharing the same wonderful sea conditions, and marine life as our Egyptian
neighbors, and hope for some combined involvement which may enable us
to make some cooperative surveys in the Sinai Peninsula as well.
Joe Breman <jbreman@study.haifa.ac.il> Fax: (972) 4 824-0391

****** HONG KONG ******
Seven sites will be surveyed in Hong Kong and the South China Sea as part
of Reef Check. An exciting expedition will be made to Pratas Reef, an
offshore atoll. Several teams are involved, including students from HKUST
and Chinese University, members from the YMCA and South China Dive
Clubs, and the Hong Kong Marine Conservation Society.
Marc Smith-Evans <marcse@asiaonline.net>

****** SRI LANKA ******
We are keen to participate in the IYOR activities and Reef Check. We hope
to conduct a survey on the east coast during the Reef Check period. This
activity will be carried out by NARA (National Aquatic Resources Agency).
The Marine Conservation Society of UK (MCS), IUCN (Sri Lanka office)
and the Sri Lanka Sub-Aqua Club (SLSAC) will also participate.

Activities planned include: surveys in the east coast, Hikkaduwa marine
sanctuary, Bar reef marine Sanctuary, educational programmes for schools
with IUCN support, and photo and art exhibition with IUCN support.
Arjan Rajasuriya <arjan@nara.ac.lk> Fax: 94 1 52-2932

****** KAUA'I TO LAUNCH AN INTERNATIONAL REEF CHECK ******
Hanalei Bay will be the first location in Hawaii for Reef Check, beginning
worldwide on June 14. The sponsoring organization for Kaua`i s Save Our
Seas and the Kaua`i Reef Check will be held in conjunction with the Clean
Oceans `97 Conference, June 13-15 at the Princeville Hotel. The conference,
featuring Bobby Kennedy Jr., senior attorney for the National Resources
Defense Council, celebrates the International Year of the Reef, declared by
the United Nations, Gov. Ben Cayetano and other leaders of countries and
states.

On Saturday, June 14, professional and recreational divers will ensure
scientific quality of Kaua`i Reef Check in the nearshore waters of Hanalei
Bay, fronting Princeville Hotel. This site was selected due to its dynamic
situation - it is popular for snorkeling and is subject to the output of a
nearby river. Its nearby waters are popular for surfing and boating and it
is next to a beach used by a major hotel. Coordinators are Dr Alan
Friedlander, a fisheries specialist, and Dr Cindy Hunter, a zoologist, both
on staff with the University of Hawai`i.

For more information on Reef Check, volunteering and participating in
the Clean Oceans `97 Conference, call 1-800-767-4101.
Carl Stepath <sos@aloha.net> Fax: (808) 826-7770

****** PANAMA ******
So far there are two local marine conservation groups involved in the
Reef Check project, who have obtained a moderately large (30-60 people)
group of interested people, most of whom dive. I am getting together a
general public seminar in Spanish/English to put across the ideas, aims
and methodology of the project, which will take place in approximately
two weeks, so we get preliminary press coverage and more support.

Our major Reef Check location is the Panamanian Caribbean coast. We
have three sites at Portobello that will be surveyed, and we may also
survey the Panama Pacific coast. This trip will probably constitute groups
going to remote locations in 4WD cars and working from the shore.
Peter Collinson <collisop@naos.si.edu> Fax: (507) 228-0516

****** UNITED KINGDOM ******
Our main efforts have been to interest groups in conducting a Reef
Check. At this stage we have teams surveying the Seychelles, the Red Sea,
Aqaba, Tanzania, Mozambique, Honduras and Indonesia. So far we have:
* organised an article to appear in Diver, the UK's most popular diving
magazine, and they are also interested in publishing the Reef Check results
* distributed 100 flyers about Reef Check at the London International Dive
Show in March 1997
* written to all UK reef scientists in an attempt to persuade them to
incorporate Reef Check into their summer fieldwork
* highlighted Reef Check at UK IYOR meetings and organized an article
in the UK IYOR newsletter
* organized a Reef Check article in the CCC newsletter and placed details
on the CCC website - http://www.coralcay.org/
Alastair Harborne <ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk>
Fax: +44 (0)171 498-8447 / 622-6126

****** TANZANIA/MOZAMBIQUE ******
Frontier Conservation will be undertaking activities in Tanzania
(southern near Mtwara) and Mozambique (Quirimba Archipelago) and
these will be coordinated by Mr Martin Guard and Dr Mark Whittington
(respectively) in July.
Catharine Muir <enquiries@frontier.mailbox.co.uk> Fax: 171 613-2992

****** SOUTHWESTERN USA ******
During May and June I will be delivering presentations to major dive
clubs in the Dallas/Ft. Worth/Denton/Waco metroplex. I expect to speak
to about 300 divers total, and my primary goal is to flesh out the four
teams I'm working with. My secondary goal is to begin laying the
foundation for next year's recruiting effort.

I will be working with a production company called "Advanced Creative
Productions" with the goal of covering Judy Lang's Reef Check in
Akumal this year. I will continue work with the Journey's End Resort
Reef Check conference and help them as they need.
Shawn Brooks <sbrooks@waymark.net> Fax: (972) 680-7114

****** HONDURAS ******
The ReefCheck surveys that we plan to carry out will be part of an
expedition based in Utila, one of the Bay Islands of Honduras. The
expedition will commence in July and will finish in September. Expedition
plans seem to be going well, we have raised a good portion of the funds,
we have local collaboration and permission, the team is selected and the
flights are booked - so all systems are go!
James Guest <J.R.Guest@newcastle.ac.uk> Fax: 44 (191) 222-7891

****** BARBADOS ******
The youth group of the Barbados Cultural Association of BC (BCABC)
has planned a very exciting and innovative calendar of events for the next
few months. We have a few educational activities planned for Vancouver,
BC prior to our departure to Barbados August 14, 97 to work in
partnership with the Caribbean Youth Environmental Network (CYEN)
on Reef Check and a youth environment conference. Activities include:
* May 28 - "Discover Coral Reefs", slide presentation at the Vancouver
Public Aquarium. Guest speaker, Dr. John Nightingale from the
Vancouver Aquarium.
* June - Students will produce a 1 hour environmental radio program on
CFRO, a community radio station. They will be learning to use the
equipment, research the content for the show and record it!
* June 8 - Oceans Day - coastal cleanup of one of Vancouver's beaches.
* July - A sleepover at the Vancouver Aquarium for students 9-16 years
old. They will learn about various marine ecosystems around the world
and prepare meals for the animals of the Aquarium and sleep next to
the whales!
* August - Participation in Reef Check & youth conference - Barbados.
* September 17 - Workshop on environmental awareness - focusing on
marine ecosystems.
* Balance of the year > - Students that participated in this program
will design a short presentation to be taught to school age children and
toddlers, based on marine awareness.
Caroline Belgrave <cbelgrav@direct.ca> Fax: (604) 298-0871

****** EASTERN USA ******
We have set up a schedule for the summer in the Florida Keys from
June 7 to August 30 with one site each week. This involves Reef Check
Instructors training, as well as training/dives at various reef sites with
all volunteers, including West Point Cadets. Other dates and locations
in the Keys will be added after we have volunteers trained. We will
have a busy Reef Check season!
Mary Enstrom <menstrom@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>

****** NETHERLANDS ANTILLES ******
We have a group of volunteer divers (numbering 29) of whom 15 have
ccompleted the first round of in water training in the survey technique
(acting as reelmaster, photographer or videographer). We also have 4
persons trained in data collection (three of whom are partly trained
scientists) and fish spotting.

We plan a second round of training in the form of a Reef Identification
course which will teach all the volunteers to identify dominant corals to
species level and distinguish the various other benthic types accurately.
This is planned for 30th June 1997. Depending on how much training
is required in identification skills, we hope to begin surveying by mid
July and to have completed by mid August.
Kalli De Meyer <marinepark@bonairenet.com> Fax:(599) 7 8444

****** MALDIVES ******
Rosemarie Asang-Soergel (Ulm, Germany) was recently successful to
convince the Maldive authorties about the goals of the IYOR and
ReefCheck. She has got the permits now to carry out ReefCheck
activities in the Maldives! ReefCheck Maldives is scheduled for the
last two weeks of July. Rosemarie is right now seeking for funding,
the negotiations are still running. At this stage the European
ReefCheck Coordinators and Rosemarie Asang-Soergel are looking
for scientists interested to act as groupleaders in the ReefCheck
Maldives during the last two weeks of July. Interested scientists
should contact Gert Woerheide <gwoerhe@ibm.net> before June 14.

****** WESTERN AUSTRALIA ******
We are hoping to have 3 possibly 5 sites in Westen Australia: Rowley
Shoals, Dampier Archipelago, Monte Bellos Islands, Ningaloo Reef
and the Abrolhos Islands. Because of the logistical dificulties in getting
to many of these areas details are yet to be finalised. We are hoping
to get industry support as well as community involvement.
Chris Simpson <chriss@calm.wa.gov.au>

****** GUAM ******
Three orientation workshops were held on Guam during May. These
were organized by the IYOR/ICRI committee, including the Guam
Coastal Zone Mangement Program, the Division of Aquatic and
Wildlife Resources, Guam Environmental Protection Agency and
the University of Guam Marine Lab. Over 120 community members
attended the sessions, which were designed to teach the methods we
will be using for the surveys. Over 30 children between the ages of
5 and 11 joined in. We will perform the surveys on June 14, and
will split between 2 sites: one relatively pristine, the other heavily
impacted by human disturbances. Surveys will be performed on the
benthic community as well as selected fish, and we will also make
measurements of water quality. A follow-up session for going over
the data is scheduled for June 28. We expect about 150 particpants
total. Robert Richmond <richmond@uog9.uog.edu>

******SEYCHELLES******
Reef Check surveys will be carried out during the period Aug 20-30 -
a collaboration between the Marine Conservation Society UK and
the Seychelles Underwater Centre. Plans are to look at sites around
Mahe and possibly also Praslin. Our aim is to investigate 'true' coral
reefs as well as coral communities associated with granitic outcrops,
and to include both impacted and non-impacted reefs.
Elizabeth Wood <ewood@globalnet.co.uk> Fax: 011 (89) 73-1832
******************************************************************

We apologize for any omission of news about your site. Please send us
your latest news for inclusion in the July Reef Check update. To join
Reef Check, please contact your nearest National or Regional Coordinator
or Reef Check Headquarters as soon as possible.

Suzie Geermans
Assistant Reef Check Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
Ph: (852) 2358-6906
Fax: (852) 2358-1582
e-mail: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

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From: sos@aloha.net
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Date: Thu, 5 Jun 1997 10:23:20 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Clean Oceans Conference
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The Second International Clean Ocean Conference at the Princeville Hotel, Kauai

The three day Clean Oceans Conference, June 13-15 at the Princeville Hotel,
Kauai, Hawaii, will feature 'Oceans in Peril,' 'Ocean Solutions,' and
'Ocean Fun.' Each of these themes will be featured throughout the event,
with the overall focus of the event being "1997, The International Year of
the Reef." The conference is dedicated to the aloha spirit of Percy Leleo
Kinimaka, a beach captain and Hawaiian man of vision. Workshop
registration is $45.00, films and Dr. Kelly's Ahupua'a lecture are free,
but advance reservations must be made by calling 828-1400. The June 14
dinner banquet is $60.00 ($75.00 at the door). Full conference
registration is $195.00.

The breakout sessions will start on Friday, June 13, with Oceans in Peril
being the focus. At 2:30 pm in the Princeville Hotel Theatre Dr. Chuck Blay
will discuss Kauai's Coral / Algal Reefs. He will speak about Kaua'i's
coral and algal resources, and the origin and characteristics of the
beaches of Kauai. Mr. Don Heacock will speak at 3:30 pm, and will address
"A Watershed Stewardship approach to Oceans in Peril!" and how it involves
caring for the resources from the mountains to the sea. At 4:30 pm Dr.
Alan Friedlander will be talking about Important Fisheries Studies. The
results of an extensive 3 year investigation of the fisheries and marine
resources of Hanalei Bay will be discussed. The nationally acclaimed IMAX
film, "The Living Sea" will be shown at 5:30 pm for conference registrants,
and then again for the general public at 8:30 pm. Dr. Brian Tissot will
address CommunityBased Management of Coral Reefs at 7:15 pm. He feels
that Coral reefs are fascinating places and important economic assets,
however, they are being threatened by a variety of human impacts. Community
 based management involves educating and involving the local community in
reef monitoring.

The conference continues on Saturday, with Ocean Solutions being the focus.
Dr. Richard Grigg will start at 8:00 am and will discuss "The History of
Coral Reefs in Hawaii." This is an introduction to the geology and
development of Coral reefs, the history of coral reefs and the impacts on
nearshore ecosystems.

At 8:30 am Dr. James Maragos is discussing 'The Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative.'
The Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative consists of volunteer scientists and
community members who assess the status of our reefs with the goal of
strengthening public awareness and education, and ecological monitoring.
Dr. Cindy Hunter will inform us about Video and Coral Reef Monitoring.
Afterwards, Dr. Hunter will teach us about this new and exciting method of
documenting underwater data.

Then Dr. John McManus will discuss the "Status of The Worlds Reef
Reefbase," a global database on Coral Reefs and their resources. He has
data on over 7,000 reefs of which 2,000 are degraded by excessive
sedimentation, organic pollution, and destructive or over fishing. The most
promising solution is comanagement schemes at the village level and
supported by the government. New volunteer monitoring systems, involves
training divers to gather ecological data. At 10:30 am Saturday a Panel
Discussion including all the Coral Reef Experts will be held. Speakers
from the Clean Oceans Conference will answer questions on the topics
discussed during the event. 	This session will last approximately
1 hour and 15 minutes, and will also address questions from the audience if
time is permitting.

Lunch will be held at Princeville Beach at 12 noon, with Mr. Mike Wilson,
chairman of the State Department of Natural Resources as the speaker. One
of the topics of the discussion will be the concept about corporate
stewardship of ocean resources. Following lunch is a coral reef monitoring
workshop for people interested in learning more about how this data is
collected, and what the actual procedures are (please bring your own
snorkel gear). Simultaneously, a group of the visiting scientist will
actually monitor the reef in conjunction with "Reef Check." Reef Check
takes place between June 14 and August 31, 1997, reef scientists will
train and lead more than 100 teams of volunteer divers from 35 countries to
measure the health of more than 300 coral reefs around the world. The event
on Kauai is kicking off "Reef Check," and spearheading a Hawaii effort to
collect baseline information about our reefs.

At 4:30 pm on Saturday, Dr. Marion Kelly will discuss The Hawaiian Ahupua'a
with a Slide Show by Kauai's famous photographer, David Boynton to follow.
"The Kanaka Maoli" or "The True People of this land" sustained themselves
and the environment within the Ahupua'a system. This system governed the
land from the mountains to the sea. The "Ahupua'a, Fishponds , and Loi,"
film, will be shown before this workshop at 3:30 pm in the Hotel theater.
Both the film and workshop are free of charge, but advance reservations are
necessary.

The evening festivities of Saturday, June 14, will start at the
Princeville Hotel with a silent auction and entertainment at 6 pm. The
dinner banquet begins at 7 pm, an Opening Oli and blessing, and ancient
hula by Kani Ka Pahuolohi Okina Au. The keynote speaker is Mr. Robert
Kennedy, Jr., and he will speak at 8 pm followed by a dedication ceremony
in memory of Percy Kinimaka. The evening will end with dancing in the
ballroom to the tunes of 'Lips on the move.'

Sunday is Ocean Fun Day, with kayak trips, snorkeling and boat rides
available to event registrants. Much fun will had in the ocean at Hanalei
Bay.

Everyone is invited. For reservations or further information call Melinda
Sandler at 808-826-4581 or 1-800-767-4101.

Carl :)

 	 Carl M. Stepath, Executive Director
 "Save Our Seas"
 P.O.Box 598, Hanalei, HI 96714, USA
 808-826-2525, fax 826-7770
 website: http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 6 10:48:51 1997
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Date: Fri, 6 Jun 1997 14:53:43 +0100 (BST)
From: Alasdair Edwards <A.J.Edwards@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Rehabilitation of coastal ecosystems
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91-941213.970606145112.23030A-100000@aidan.ncl.ac.uk>
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Announcement

Special Issue: Marine Pollution Bulletin

REHABILITATION OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS
====================================

http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~ntcmweb/rehab/

Guest editors: Dr Alasdair Edwards, Centre for Tropical Coastal Management
Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Dr Malcolm Beveridge, Institute
of Aquaculture, University of Stirling; Emeritus Professor Colin Field,
Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney; Dr Miguel Fortes,
Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines.

The field of coastal habitat restoration has been steadily growing over the
last two decades. As salt marsh, mangrove, coral reef, seagrass, dune and
other coastal systems have been increasingly subject to anthropogenic
impacts, so research into techniques to rehabilitate these has burgeoned
together with the implementation of projects to restore habitats.

A number of national and international workshops and meetings on habitat
restoration are scheduled for 1997 and 1998. In these the success of
restoration projects and methodologies in both developing and developed
countries with boreal to equatorial coastal habitats will be evaluated.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to bring together key research on
habitat restoration in temperate and tropical latitudes in a single volume,
to evaluate critically its effectiveness, and to provide a summary of the
state of the art.

There are a range of questions and critical issues which the volume will
seek to address. They include:

*	How do the particular ecological parameters of impacted systems (e.g.
dynamited reef, clear-cut mangrove forest, abandoned shrimp pond)
affect what can be achieved in terms of restoration and the likely
timescales of recovery?
*	What are the precise objectives of restoration projects and what
institutional, socio-political and economic factors should be taken
into account when planning rehabilitation projects?
*	How successful have restoration projects been and which techniques
(scientific and management) have contributed to success? What lessons
have been learnt from failures?
*	What are the criteria (ecological, political, economic, social,
legislative) against which success is (or can be) measured?
*	Which functions of degraded coastal systems can feasibly be restored
and which cannot?
*	Is coastal habitat restoration cost-effective (or could funding
devoted to rehabilitation be spent to greater benefit in other ways)?

Is the perceived ability to rehabilitate/restore habitats in
mitigation, increasing the threat to existing undegraded habitat?
Articles dealing with these issues will be given preference by the editors.
Purely descriptive articles of case-histories which do not contribute to
resolution of the questions and critical issues will not normally be
acceptable.

The Special Issue volume will consist of up to 250 pages. Papers will be
peer reviewed and should not normally exceed 8 printed pages in length
including figures, tables and references. For guidance, one page of Marine
Pollution Bulletin with no figures contains approximately 1000 words and is
equivalent to about three A4 pages of double-spaced typescript.

Deadline: The deadline for receipt of manuscripts for consideration in the
Special Issue is 28 February 1998. To assist the process of peer review,
the corresponding author may suggest two appropriate reviewers who may be
asked to give an independent opinion of the research. For each paper, 25
free offprints will be sent to the corresponding author.

A small number of colour illustrations may be included in the volume.
Authors wishing to use colour need to make a strong case to the editors.

In addition to printed copy, final versions of papers should be sent on
3.5" floppy disk (preferably in Word or Wordperfect format). For detailed
Instructions to Authors and updated information on the Special Issue see:
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~ntcmweb/rehab/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 6 13:05:37 1997
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To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Marine Facilities list <mar-facil@ac.dal.ca>
Subject: captive Caribbean corals
Date: Fri, 06 Jun 97 12:43:00 PDT
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Hello, I am a biologist at the Florida Aquarium in Tampa. I am currently
in charge of a live Caribbean coral exhibit. I would like to know if anyone
out there has a list of people that have captive Caribbean corals for
educational or research purposes. If not, I was wondering if anyone else
would be interested in such a list, so as to exchange growth, health,
husbandry etc. information of Caribbean corals? I may be in a position to
organize such a list. Please reply to my email at scoats@flaquarium.org.

Thanks for your time
R. Sean Coats

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 6 14:37:59 1997
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Date: Fri, 6 Jun 1997 14:08:33 -0400 (EDT)
From: "E.N. Edinger" <edingeen@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: looking for Rolf Bak
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.970606140727.10016A-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
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Hello hello. Does anyone have a current address and email for Dr. Rolf
Bak? I hear he has left the Caribbean and returned to Holland....

Thanks! Evan Edinger

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Evan Edinger
Geology Department 				tel. (905) 525-9140 x24513
McMaster University				fax (905) 522-3141
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada			email: edinger@mcmaster.ca
L8S 4M1 CANADA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 6 21:41:22 1997
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Date: Fri, 06 Jun 1997 21:22:40
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: LOOKING FOR A FEW GOOD PhD's
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Hi Coral-L Types,

The animals I care about hang around your reefs. I figure some of you may have met sea turtles during your reef surveys and have grown to believe as I do, oceans would be much poorer without their presence. They need some help. I ask you please read fu
rther.

[LETTER BEGINS]

My name is Ursula Keuper-Bennett and I love sea turtles. My husband and I have a webpage called Turtle Trax

 http://www.turtles.org

and we tell the story of a community of sea turtles we have dived with and documented over the years.

I am writing you on behalf of sea turtles --animals that are listed as threatened or endangered throughout their range.

Dr. Galdikas, the prominent Orangutan researcher working in Borneo wrote this in her book, "Reflections of Eden":

"Along with other endangered species, orangutans are the innocent victims of human population growth, of development schemes and power struggles, of an insatiable global economy that creates greed but not satisfaction, desire but not happiness."

Well sea turtles are victims too!

On June 2nd, Todd Steiner (Earth Island Institute) sent a SCIENTIST SIGN-ON LETTER up to the scientific mailing list, CTURTLE. A portion of it reads:

---------------------------------------------------

 SCIENTISTS URGE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION TO PLACE
 BIODIVERSITY AND SCIENCE ABOVE "FREE TRADE" ISSUES

The attached Sign-on letter from prominent scientists will be made public
and every attempt will be made to have it officially presented to the World
Trade Organization which is now entertaining a complaint from several
countries against sea turtle provisions of the US Endangered Species Act.

We would appreciate your signature AND help in circulating it to your most
prominent scientific colleagues. We are especially interested in
scientists from outside the US signing on to this letter.

Signatures are needed as soon as possible.

--------------------------------------------------
This is an urgent letter explaining to scientists that TED'S (Turtle Excluder Devices):

 http://www.turtles.org/glossary.htm#teds

are critical to minimizing sea turtle drownings during shrimp trawling activity.

The letter explains that "to protect sea turtles outside US waters and avoid putting US shrimpers at a competitive disadvantage, the United States has also banned the import of wild-caught shrimp from countries that do not require shrimp trawlers to use T
EDs. Several countries, including Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan and India, have challenged this ban before at the World Trade Organization."

Scientists are being asked to sign this letter and help make the oceans safer for sea turtles. I don't have a PhD (or any other necessary credentials) and I am frustrated that I can't sign. I am trying to do the next best thing by getting as many scient
ists from as many nations and disciplines as I can to take a moral stand on behalf of sea turtles.

This planet's got a lot of smart people on it... lots of PhD's so I am told. I am looking for those who think drowning is a nasty and preventable way for a sea turtle to die.

If you are interested in including your name on the list of scientists who've already "spoken" on behalf of sea turtles, please send me email, and I will upload the entire contents of the Todd Steiner's SCIENTISTS' SIGN-ON SEA TURTLE LETTER so you can mak
e a fully informed decision.

Thank you very much for reading this far and I really hope to hear from you.

All the best.
-----------------------------------------------------
 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@turtles.org
 /V^\ /^V\
 /V Turtle Trax V\ http://www.turtles.org
 / \
When you study members of another species, when you
habituate them in the wild, when you begin to understand
the intimate details of their private lives, and then
you learn that the population or whole group is sliding
towards extinction, what do you do? In good conscience,
you must defend them...
 \ /
 / \ / \ --- Birute M.F. Galdikas
 /__| V |__\

"So many PhD's so little time."

 --- Me (June 6, 1997)

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Can anybody help?

I am after information on Lophelia cold water corals. Anything
anybody could send me would be much appreciated. Thanks.

Dr. Paul Johnston

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun 7 19:16:15 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Position in Cayos Cochinos Marine Biological Reserve
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Forwarded message. Please use contact information at the bottom of this
message only. Thanks...JCH
______________________________________________________________________

A position is opening up in the Cayos Cochinos Marine Biological Reserve in
Honduras for a Reserve Manager. Please circulate the following to those who
may be interested in applying for this position. Direct replies should be
made to the address or fax given below.

GERENTE DE LA RESERVA
CAYOS COCHINOS, HONDURAS

Descripcin de Responsabilidades Generales
El Gerente de Reserva estar involucrado en lo siguiente:
1. Planificacin, direccin y coordinacin del manejo de la Reserva Marina y
todas las actividades que existen dentro de la Reserva;
2. Manejo y supervisin de todas las actividades administrativas incluyendo
el personal de seguridad, alojamiento, programas sociales, manejo de
presupuestos, servicios de transporte, compras de equipo, programas
educativos y interpretativos, programas para el manejo de recursos naturales
y relaciones con otras agentes y organizaciones involucradas en el proyecto;
3. Coordinacin de planes de trabajo con el director de investigaciones
cientficas para asegurar que todos los programas de la Reserva funcionan
armoniosamente.

Descripcin de Responsabilidades Especificas
El Gerente de la Reserva tendr que:
1. Preparar un plan estratgico para la operacin y el manejo de la Reserva.
2. Desarrollar un plan de manejo detallado con metas anuales para la
proteccin de recursos y para los trabajos de restauracin - en colaboracin
con el director cientfico.
3. Asegurar la implementacin, la evaluacin y la revisin adecuada de los
planes de manejo y el plan de accin.
4. Participar en todas las reuniones de la Comisin de la Reserva, en
reuniones profesionales de la regin y en reuniones de los socios del
proyecto.
5. Coordinar su trabajo con el director cientfico para asegurar un apoyo
eficaz y efectivo en la implementacin del plan de manejo y estrategia de
desarrollo para la Reserva.
6. Coordinar y supervisar la contratacin y los trabajos del personas
encargadas del desarrollo de programas educativos y sociales en la Reserva.
7. Coordinar con organismos gubernamentales en Honduras sobre asuntos
polticos que afecten la Reserva.
8. Buscar fondos de agencias y organismos de financiamiento ajenas al
proyecto y preparar las propuestas necesarias.
9. Hacer contactos con directores de otras reservas en Centro Amrica y
Mxico para intercambiar informacin sobre opciones y mtodos para el manejo
de reservas marinas.
10. Involucrar a universidades, grupos escolares, ONGs y miembros de
comunidades Hondureas en los programas de la Reserva.

Requisitos:
El candidato debe tener:
 Experiencia en el manejo de reservas marinas, el desarrollo de polticas
costeras, el manejo de recursos marinos-costeros y pesqueros, u otras
experiencias relevantes.
 Un nivel de maestra (Master) en su campo de especializacin.
 Efectividad demostrada en trabajos administrativos.
 Efectividad demostrada en el manejo de una institucin o proyecto de
recursos naturales.
 Experiencia con el manejo de recursos naturales y con polticas
gubernamentales en Centro Amrica.
 Capacidad para la comunicacin efectiva y diplomtica.
 Espaol e ingls escrito y hablado con fluidez
 Disponibilidad para mudarse y vivir dentro de la Reserva.
Los candidatos con experiencia cientfica o con experiencia trabajando con
grupos indgenas tendrn preferencia.

Candidatos que tengan inters en esta oportunidad deben enviar su curriculum
al siguiente:
Monica Jain
AVINA Inc.
1500 Monza Ave. #339
Miami, FL 33146
Fax: 305-661-7199

______________________________________________________________________

RESERVE MANAGER
CAYOS COCHINOS, HONDURAS

Description of General Responsibilities
The Reserve Manager will be involved in:
1. Planning, directing and coordinating the management of the Marine Reserve
and all activities therein;
2. Oversight of all daily administrative activities including security
personnel, accommodations, social programs, budget management,
transportation, purchasing, educational and interpretative programs, resource
management programs and relations with other agencies involved in the
project;
3. Coordinating work plans with the scientific research director to ensure
that all programs in the Reserve support one another and function smoothly
together.

Description of Specific Duties
The Reserve Manager will need to:
1. Prepare a strategic plan for operation and management of the reserve.
2. Develop a concise and specific management plan and annual goals for
resource protection and restoration work in the area in coordination with the
scientific director.
3. Ensure implementation, evaluation and timely updates of the Reserve
management and action plans
4. Participate in all meetings of the Reserve Commission, in all relevant
professional meetings and in meetings of the partners.
5. Coordinate with the scientific director to ensure efficient and effective
support and implementation of the strategy and management plans.
6. Coordinate and supervise the contracting and work of any personnel charged
with the development of educational and social programs in the Reserve.
7. Coordinate with government organizations in Honduras on issues that affect
the Reserve.
8. Seek and prepare project proposals and financial applications for funding
agencies and organizations.
9. Make contacts and liaise with managers from other reserves in Central
America and Mexico to exchange information on management options and
implementation methods.
10. Take an active outreach role to involve Honduran universities, NGOs,
school groups and community members in the Reserve

Required Experience:
The candidate should have:
 Experience in marine reserve management, coastal policy making, resource
management, fisheries management, or related fields.
 At least a MS degree in their field of specialization
 Demonstrated success in administration and supervisory duties.
 Demonstrated success in management of a natural resource institution or
project.
 Experience with natural resource management and government policy in
Central America.
 Demonstrated ability to communicate effectively and diplomatically with a
variety of organizations and people
 Level of fluency in reading and speaking both English and Spanish.
 The willingness and ability to relocate to and reside within the Reserve.

Candidates with scientific backgrounds related to the marine sciences and/or
with experience in working with indigenous groups will be given preference.
 Interested candidates should please send their curriculums to:

Monica Jain
AVINA Inc.
1500 Monza Ave., #339
Miami, FL 33146
Fax: 305-661-7199

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 10 00:07:57 1997
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Lisa Kellogg <lkellogg@usouthal.campus.mci.net>
Subject: Particle Entombment
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Dear Coral-List Members,

I have recently begun thin-sectioning two specimens of Acropora palmata from
the Florida Keys. Entombed within the skeletons, I have found several
sediment particles. Thus far, all of these particles appear to be skeletal
material from Halimeda sp. I have been unable to find any references in the
liturature that document this phenomenon. I would appreciate hearing from
anyone who knows of pertinent references in the literature or has seen
anything similar in their own research. Please reply to me directly at the
e-mail address below. Thank you.

Sincerely,
Lisa Kellogg
e-mail: lkellogg@usouthal.campus.mci.net

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 10 16:57:24 1997
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Subject: Re: Preserves around the World
Date: Tue, 10 Jun 97 15:47:47 -0400
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From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com>
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Subject: Re: Preserves around the World
Sent: 10/12/96 8:44 PM
To: NEWS, KKASSEM3@ua1vm.ua.edu
 Coral-List, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov

Der Ken,

The most comprehensive listing of marine protected areas can be found in
the 1995 report:

A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas (four volumes).

For a copy contact:

Environment Department
The World Bank
Room S-5-143
1818 H St. NW
Washington, DC 20433 USA

Also visit the World Conservation Monitoring Center home page:

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA
Office: 703-754-8690 Fax: 703-754-9139
email: sjameson@coralseas.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 10 17:47:03 1997
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From: "Griffis, Roger B" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Subject: 1998 International Year of the Ocean - IOC webpage
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Forwarded FYI - apologies for any cross-postings

IOC LAUNCHES 1998 INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE OCEAN WEB SERVER
Date: Thursday, June 05, 1997 5:31PM
IOC, Paris, 5 June 1997
 -----------------------------------------------------------------------
In recognition of the importance of the ocean, the marine
environment and its resources for life on earth and for sustainable
development, the United Nations has declared 1998 as the International
Year of the Ocean.

This provides a window of opportunity for governments,
organizations and individuals to become aware of the ocean and
to consider the actions needed to undertake our common responsibility to
sustain the greatest common heritage we have and without which we
cannot exist.
The idea for 1998, the International Year of the Ocean, came from the
Seventeenth Session of the IOC Assembly (March 1993) which adopted its
Resolution XVII-17, making the proposal. This was endorsed by the 27th
General Conference of UNESCO (November 1993) and by ECOSOC (of the
UN) in July 1994. The UN General Assembly formerly adopted the proposal
through its Resolution A/RES/49/13 (December 1994).
One basic reason for launching the International Year of the Ocean is
that so far neither the governments nor the public pay adequate attention
to the need to protect the marine environment and to ensure a healthy
ocean. Recent global change-related research has clarified the crucial
role of the ocean in our life supporting system, and as part of the Earth
climate system. The importance of the ocean was well recognized during
UNCED 1992. Today, the decision to have the International Year of the
Ocean clearly demonstrates a growing concern about the ocean among
governments.

The IOC is now pleased to announce the launching of the webserver for
the 1998 International Year of the Ocean (IYO). The server's URL is:
http://www.unesco.org/ioc/iyo/iyohome.htm
You will find information on:
Backgound: Read some history on how to idea for the IYO came about
Objectives: What is the IYO all about?
Who Does What: How is the organization and co-ordination for the
IYO arranged and how does it all work?
Activities & Events: Find here a calendar of the activities
 which are being planned
 = Ocean Charter, Ocean Education, Public Information,
 Ocean Awards, Conferences, Research & Training Cruises,
Publications, Stamp series, ...). Updates will be made regularly.
EXPO '98: Visit the website of the EXPO!
Let's Work Together: This section will be YOURS! You have
 anything to tell the world about the ocean? You will
 soon be able to leave your message here on the IYO Bulletin
Board!
So visit the IYO server regularly and find out more about the 1998
International
Year of the Ocean. And take the occasion to visit the IOC webserver as
well!!
Gunnar Kullenberg
Executive Secretary IOC
*******************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 11 11:25:02 1997
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Date: 11 Jun 1997 10:53:28 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: New Web Page
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "Dave Anderson" <dma@luna.ngdc.noaa.gov>,
 "Jonathan Overpeck" <jto@luna.ngdc.noaa.gov>,
 "Arthur Paterson" <Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov>,
 "Matt Stout" <Matthew.Stout@noaa.gov_>,
 "Robin Webb" <rsw@luna.ngdc.noaa.gov>,
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 Subject: Time: 10:38 AM
 New Web Page Date: 6/11/97

As part of NOAA's contributions to the International Year of the Reef
activities, we are preparing a web site to provide information on coral
paleoclimatology -- what it is, what it can tell us about reefs and climate.
Thanks to the work of Heather Benway in our office, a preview of this site is
now available at:

 http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/coral.html

We hope that the full site will be up at the same address in July.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 11 13:34:17 1997
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From: kleypas@sage.cgd.ucar.edu (Joanie Kleypas)
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Subject: Latest ENSO Advisory
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 11 Jun 1997 11:06:51 -0600 (MDT)
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Dear Colleagues:

The following information might be useful to those researchers
working on coral bleaching:

Both present conditions and modeled forecasts indicate a rapid
intensification of a warm episode in the eastern Pacific. Temperatures
along the equator in the eastern Pacific are already 4degC above normal.

The latest ENSO advisory is available for viewing under the Climate
Prediction Center website:
http://nic.fb4.noaa.gov:80/products/analysis_monitoring/

-- click on ENSO Advisory

****************************************************************************
J. Kleypas
Climate Change Research Section
National Center for Atmospheric Research
PO Box 3000
Boulder, CO 80307-3000

PH:	(303) 497-1380
FAX: (303) 497-1348

kleypas@ncar.ucar.edu
****************************************************************************

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Dear list members

Could anyone send me, or direct me to, a recent list of scleractinian
species found in the Hawaiin Islands.

Andrew Baird
Andrew Baird			work:	61 077 814801
Dept. Marine Biology		home:	61 077 712379
James Cook University		fax: 	61 077 251570
Townsville Q. 4811		email:	andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au
Australia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 12 05:58:53 1997
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ANNOUNCEMENT

INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE REHABILITATION OF DEGRADED COASTAL
SYSTEMS

Phuket Marine Biological Center, PO Box 60, Phuket 83000, Thailand
19-24 January 1998
____________________________________________________________________
Organised by:
PHUKET MARINE BIOLOGICAL CENTER (PMBC)
PO Box 60, Phuket 83000, THAILAND

CENTRE FOR TROPICAL COASTAL MANAGEMENT STUDIES (CTCMS)
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management
University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU, UNITED KINGDOM

TROPICAL MARINE SCIENCE INITIATIVE (TMSI)
National University of Singapore
10 Kent Ridge Crescent, SINGAPORE 119260
___________________________________________________________________

http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~ntcmweb/rehab/workshop.htm

The workshop will have a primary focus on Asia but be open to
individuals from other parts of the world. The aim is to attract about
100 participants and it is proposed to hold the workshop over 4 days
with two additional days of excursions, one in the middle of the
workshop and one at the end.

The international workshop will be focused around four themes. The
primary focus of the workshop will be on "Rehabilitation of degraded
coastal systems" and it is proposed to devote the first two days of
the meeting to papers on this subject with a half-day workshop
discussion in the last two days of the meeting. Three ancillary
workshop sessions are also planned: 1) Impediments to the
implementation of integrated coastal management and potential
solutions, 2) Priorities for coastal management training and 3)
Priorities for coastal management research. Initially a half-day will
be allocated to each of these additional workshop sessions but these
can be extended if required.

1.	Rehabilitation of degraded coastal systems
Papers are invited on the socio-economic and ecological impacts of
degradation of coastal systems including mangroves, seagrass beds,
coral reefs, salt marshes and dune systems and in particular on
strategies (biological, engineering, socio-economic) to rehabilitate
these systems or mitigate impacts. Presentations dealing with these
issues in an integrated coastal management context will be
particularly welcome.

One goal of this theme of the workshop is to bring together key
research on habitat restoration in a range of tropical habitats at one
meeting to stimulate transfer of ideas from one area to another.
Another is to evaluate critically the effectiveness of rehabilitation
and to provide a summary of the state of the art in Asia.
There are a range of questions and critical issues which the workshop
will seek to address. They include:
- How do the particular ecological parameters of impacted systems
(e.g. dynamited reef, clear-cut mangrove forest, abandoned shrimp
pond) affect what can be achieved in terms of restoration and the
likely timescales of recovery?
- What are the precise objectives of restoration projects and what
institutional, socio-political and economic factors should be taken
into account when planning rehabilitation projects?
- How successful have restoration projects been and which techniques
(scientific and management) have contributed to success? What lessons
have been learnt from failures?
- What are the criteria (ecological, political, economic, social,
legislative) against which success is / can be measured?
- Which functions of degraded coastal systems can feasibly be restored
and which cannot?
- Is coastal habitat restoration cost-effective (or could funding
devoted to rehabilitation be spent to greater benefit in other ways)?
Is the perceived ability to rehabilitate/restore habitats in
mitigation, increasing the threat to existing undegraded habitats?
Presentations dealing with these issues will be given preference by
the organisers if there is competition for space.
Workshop participants should also note that there is a Special Issue
of the international journal Marine Pollution Bulletin focusing on
Rehabilitation of coastal systems which is scheduled for publication
in late 1998 with a deadline for submission of manuscripts of 28
February 1998. Papers will be peer reviewed internationally.
Participants who may wish to submit their papers to this Special Issue
may obtain the details and instructions to authors from Dr. Alasdar
Edwards, CTCMS, or Dr. Beverly Goh, TMSI, upon request, or via
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~ntcmweb/rehab/.
2.	Impediments to the implementation of integrated coastal management
and potential solutions (Session leaders: Prof. Peter Burbridge,
Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, University of
Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Assoc. Prof. Suraphol Sudara, Marine Science
Department, Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND)
The Session Leaders will provide a discussion paper to stimulate
debate. In addition a few papers are invited from those involved in
attempting to implement (integrated) coastal management strategies.
Papers should, where possible, use case-histories to highlight the key
problems (eg. institutional, social, economic, lack of underpinning
science, etc) which are hindering implementation of (integrated)
coastal management plans. It is envisaged that these presentations
will provide the basis for the workshop session, which will seek
potential solutions to the impediments highlighted by the case-
histories.
3.	Priorities for coastal management training (Session leaders: Dr.
Chua Thia-Eng, Coastal Management Center, Manila, PHILIPPINES; Dr.
Alasdair Edwards, Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK)
Background: To implement coastal management plans and to facilitate
local training of coastal managers, personnel trained to varying
levels of expertise are required. Different forms of coastal
management training will be appropriate to government officials, NGO
personnel, environmental consultancy professionals, university or
school teachers, community-based organisation extension workers, etc.,
depending on both their seniority and level of technical involvement
in coastal management.
This workshop session will seek to build on earlier international
workshops * and, taking the general principles developed in these, aims
to identify specific coastal management training needs and the ways
and means by which the individuals, partnerships, networks and
institutions present at the Phuket meeting might collaborate to
address these specific needs.

* UNDP/UNDOALOS (1994) Action plan for human resources development &
capacity building for the planning&management of coastal and marine areas
1993-1997. 58pp.
 Hay, JE and Chou Loke Ming (eds) (1993). Contributions to training in
coastal zone management in the Asia-Pacific region and report of the
first NETTLAP resources development workshop for education and training
at tertiary level in coastal zone management. UNEP/ROAP NETTLAP
Publication No. 7. 245 pp.
 Crawford, BR, Cobb JS and Chou Loke Ming (eds) (1995). Educating
coastal managers: Proceedings from the Rhode Island Workshop. CRMP,
Coastal Resources Center, URI and Center for the Environment, USAID. 184pp.
 GEF/UNDP/IMO (1996). Enhancing the success of integrated coastal
management: good practices in the formulation, design and implementation
of integrated coastal management initiatives.MPP-EAS Technical Report
No. 2, 32 pp.

To structure this workshop, an introduction by the Session Leaders
will summarise the key outputs of the previous workshops. The workshop
will seek to identify specific coastal management training needs in
individual countries and outline proposals (or note actions taken) to
address these needs.

4.	Priorities for coastal management research (Session leaders: Prof.
Barbara Brown, Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies,
University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Assoc. Prof. Chou Loke Ming,
Tropical Marine Science Initiative, National University of Singapore,
SINGAPORE)

Background: Much coastal research has been curiosity driven rather
than coastal management problem led. This often leads to a situation
where scientific or socio-economic questions critical to developing a
coastal management plan cannot be answered because the underpinning
science or social or economic studies have not been done. The lack of
underpinning science is often the most difficult problem to solve as
gathering the necessary data may be hugely expensive and take an
inordinate amount of time.

This workshop session will seek to identify priority areas of coastal
management where underpinning knowledge is sadly lacking and consider
ways and means by which the individuals, partnerships, networks and
institutions present at the Phuket workshop might collaborate to
tackle these knowledge gaps. To structure the workshop and initiate
discussion, the Session Leaders will table a discussion paper
highlighting instances where the absence of key scientific or other
knowledge prevents sensible coastal management planning. The workshop
will seek to expand on this by drawing upon the assembled expertise
and experience from the region.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

Registration forms for the workshop may be downloaded from the website:

http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~ntcmweb/rehab/workshop.htm

Abstracts and manuscripts should be prepared following the
instructions given below:

Please fax or e-mail (use ASCII text attachment) your abstracts to:

Workshop on the Rehabilitation of Degraded Coastal Systems
Dr. Beverly Goh
Tropical Marine Science Initiative
National University of Singapore
10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260
FAX: +65 7749654	TEL: +65 7749652
E-mail: bgoh@pacific.net.sg

Deadline for submission of abstracts:		1 December 1997

Authors will be notified by 20 December 1997, if their papers have
been accepted for presentation at the workshop.

It is intended that Proceedings of the International Workshop be
published as a Special Issue of the Phuket Marine Biological Center
Research Bulletin. Papers presented (and not intended for submission
to Marine Pollution Bulletin) may be submitted for consideration for
inclusion in the Special Issue but will be subject to peer review.
Instructions to authors for the submission of manuscripts for the
Proceedings are provided below:

Authors are advised to submit a computer disk (3.5" for PC) containing
the final version of the their manuscript together with two hard
copies with camera ready figures, to the PMBC organisers at the
workshop. Please only use the software packages MS Word for Windows
(version 6.0 or below) or WordPerfect for Windows (version 6.1 or
below). Computer disks should be clearly labelled with the name of the
author/s, title of paper, and software package used.

Deadline for submission of manuscripts:	 24 January 1998

1. Submission of manuscripts. Papers should be sent to the Editor or
Editorial Board of Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin.
The submission of a manuscript will be taken to imply that the
material is original and that no similar paper is being, or will be,
submitted for publication elsewhere. With guidance from external
references, the Center will accept for publication research carried
out at the Center, or in cooperation with the Center, or independent
research carried out in Thai waters and adjacent areas.

2. Manuscripts. Paper should be written in concise English with the
minimum number of tables and illustrations. Two copies of the
typescript should be provided, double spaced on one side of quarto or
A4 with a margin of 2.5 cm all round. Manuscripts should not exceed
15 pages (including tables, captions, footnotes and references).
Please indicate the position of tables and illustrations in the margin
of the text; tables and legends for illustrations should be typed
separately at the end of the manuscript, words to be printed in
italics should be underlined. The first mention of the Latin name of
a species should be followed by the authority. If a new taxon is
described, the institute in which the type material is deposited must
be indicated, together with details of the registration assigned to
it. All linear measurements and weights should be in the metric
scale. A diskette with the manuscript, preferable in MS Word for
Windows (version 6.0 or below) or WordPerfect for Windows (version 6.1
or below) must be supplied in addition to paper copies. Tables should
be produced in Microsoft Excel (or Lotus 123).

The text should be arranged according to the following scheme:

(a) Title. The title of the paper should be kept as short as possible
	and be followed by the author's name and institute.
(b) Abstract. The abstract should summarise the contents and
	conclusions of the paper, point out new information in the paper
	and indicate the relevance of the work.
(c) Introduction
(d) Materials and Methods.
(e) Results.
(f) Discussion and Conclusions.
(g) Acknowledgements (if applicable)
(h) References. References should only be made to quotations previously
	mentioned in the text.

References must be listed alphabetically. The sequence of citation
should be as follows:

a) periodicals: Author's name, initials, year of publication, full
title of paper, periodical (abbreviated according to the "World List
of Scientific Periodicals" latest edition), volume, first and last
page.
	Example:
Berry, P.F. 1973. The biology of the spiny lobster Panulirus delagoae
(Barnard) off the coast of Natal, South Africa. Invest. rep. Oceanogr.
Res. Inst. 31:1-27

b) book: Author's name, initials, year of publication, full title,
publisher, place of publication, total number of pages.
	Example:
Russell, F.S. & C.M. Yonge. 1928. The Sea. Frederick Warne, London.
397 p.

c) Composite works or serials: Author's name, initials, year of
publication, full title of paper, followed by In: editor(s), full
title of publication, first and last pages, publisher, place of
publication.

	Example:
Fogg, G.E. 1964. Environmental conditions and the patterns of
metabolism in algae. In: D.F. Jackson (ed.). 	Algae and Man, pp. 77-85.
Plenum Press, New York.

Appendix (if applicable)

Tables. Tables must have brief legends, they should be numbered in
Arabic numerals and typed on separate 	pages inserted immediately
after the text page on which the Table is to appear. The place of
insertion in the text should be marked in the margin.

Illustrations. Figures must be in black ink. No drawing should be so
large that it must be reduced to less 	than one third of its original
size. The degree of reductions need not be inserted by the authors.
Axes and graduation marks on graphs must be inked in. Legends for
figures must be typed on a separate sheet and not inserted on the
actual illustrations. Figures drawn on tracing paper are acceptable.

Plates. Photographic illustrations must be clear, well contrasted and
presented on glossy paper, size not to exceed 155 x 190 mm.

3. Proofs and Reprints. Proofs will be sent to the author and should
be promptly returned to the editor. A total of 500 copies of each
number of the Research Bulletin will be printed and the first author
will receive 50 copies of reprints free. The author(s) can request
additional copies at the time the manuscript is accepted for
publication. Charges for the extra copies will be borne by the
authors and will vary according to the printing costs.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 12 10:46:39 1997
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Date: Thu, 12 Jun 1997 22:05:09 +0800
From: dbaker@tm.net.my (Don E Baker)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Acceptable Levels...
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Hi Coral-L'ers,

I am trying to obtain published / referenced acceptable levels for human waste effluent from treatment
systems that discharge near coral reef habitats. Has anyone established "acceptable level parameters" so
as to "meet" a State/National standard....that will do little harm to the reefs....and allow safe water
sports recreation? Or is this asking too much too soon in the development of coral reef management?

I am concerned with bacteria levels, phosphate, nitrate, ammonia, and pH.

Any assistance would be greatly appreciated.

Many thanks from Borneo,
THE REEF PROJECT
Don Baker

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 12 15:21:47 1997
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Date: Thu, 12 Jun 1997 14:32:34 -0500
From: "Zeman, Christopher" <zemanc%dccmc@cenmarine.com>
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Sustainable Fisheries Conf.
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 This is the preamble of a multipart MIME formatted message.
 If you are reading this text your mail system is most likely
 not capable of properly decoding MIME messages. To extract
 the contents of this message, save it to a file and then use
 an external MIME decoding utility.

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 *****CONFERENCE NOTICE*****

The Sustainable Fisheries Act and the 21st Century:

A Critical Examination of Issues Associated with
Implementing the New Federal Fisheries Law

A conference at Tulane University, New Orleans, September 5-6, 1997

Co-Sponsors: National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Region
 Center for Marine Conservation
 Seagrant Legal Program, LSU
 Tulane Law School

What will implementation of the amended Magnuson-Stevens Act really mean
for fishing in the 21st century? How will the new law deal with
over-fishing and bycatch? What challenges confront the new "essential
fish habitat" provisions? What are the prospects for ITQs? What are the

connections with international fisheries management regimes?

These issues and more (hypoxic zones, coral reefs, marsh management) will

be addressed by those responsible for implementing the Act, and by
fishermen, conservationists, scientists and lawyers. Gary Matlock,
Director of Sustainable Fisheries for the National Marine Fisheries
Service, will provide a historical perspective on the Act at a luncheon
address. Senator Trent Lott is the invited keynoter.

Who should attend? Fishermen, resource managers, conservationists,
academics, lawyers and students. This is not just for lawyers.

For more information, contact Sharon Stevenson at the Tulane Law School,
504-865-5925 or via E-mail at srsteven@law.tulane.edu

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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 13 06:58:55 1997
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Message-ID: <33A1EEBA.38A8@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph>
Date: Fri, 13 Jun 1997 18:07:06 -0700
From: Andre Jon Uychiaoco <andreu@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph>
Organization: U.P. Marine Science Institute
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Update on Jim Hendee thanks
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I logged 24 "Thank you"'s for Jim Hendee...sometimes including more
elaborate expressions of thanks as well.

Andre

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 13 13:08:26 1997
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Date: Fri, 13 Jun 1997 11:11:08 -0500
From: Bob Buddemeier <buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef-related Meeting
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CORAL REEF SYMPOSIUM AND MEETINGS

Coral reef issues and programs will be a major focus of the joint
annual meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
(SICB) and its associated societies*, the International Society for
Reef Studies (ISRS), and the Ecological Society of America (ESA),
which will be held at the Boston Marriott Hotel -- Copley Place,
January 3-7, 1998. SICB is organizing both meeting and program.

The scientific meeting will feature a major emphasis on coral reef
science, including an invited Symposium Jan. 6-7 on *CORAL REEFS AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- ADAPTATION, ACCLIMATION, OR EXTINCTION.*
Contributed paper and poster sessions, special events, and society
meetings will also take place. Invited Symposium speakers include:
A. B. Pittock, B. N. Opdyke, J. Pandolfi, R. A. Kinzie III, R. Gates,
K. Yamazato, B. Carlson, H. Lasker, J. Benzie, D. Potts, R. Rowan, R.
P. M. Bak, T. Done, R. Karlson, J. Kleypas, T. Done, J.-P. Gattuso,
B. Hatcher, S. V. Smith, and R. W. Buddemeier.

Included in the presentations will be the initial versions of the
final report of Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR)
Working Group 104. This group, co-sponsored by the Land-Ocean
Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) Core Project of the
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), has as its charge
a review and report on the topic *Coral Reef Responses to Global
Change: The Role of Adaptation. In addition to SCOR and LOICZ, the
symposium is being sponsored by SICB, ISRS, ESA, and the New England
Aquarium.

Abstract submittal information (deadline: mid-August) has been mailed
to all members of the participating societies, and registration
information will be distributed in early Fall, 1997. Non-members who
are interested in participating should contact SICB at 1-800-955-1236
(phone), 1-312-245-1085 (fax), or sicb@sba.com. Additional
information about SICB and the meeting can be obtained from the SICB
home page: http://www.sicb.org/. The home page
http://bcrc.bio.umass.edu/sicbboston/ provides information on the
status of the meeting planning and schedule.

MEETING HIGHLIGHTS OF INTEREST TO *REEFERS*:

1. Business meeting of the ISRS (tentatively scheduled for January
7).
2. Breakfast meeting, Society for Research on Coelenterates (SRC
--schedule to be announced)
3. Workshops and programs organized by the New England Aquarium (to
be announced)
4. Coral Reef contributed paper and poster sessions (if number of
submissions justifies)
5. Other symposia and SICB Divisional and topical sessions
6. SYMPOSIUM: *CORAL REEFS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE -- ADAPTATION,
ACCLIMATION, OR EXTINCTION* -- Jan 6-7.

We are doing our best to put together a program that addresses both
the major conceptual underpinnings of reef science and their
applicability to large-scale policy issues -- and one that provides a
stimulating and enjoyable opportunity for those interested in reef
science to meet and exchange ideas. We think it will be very
exciting, and look forward to seeing you there.

Robert W. Buddemeier and Howard R. Lasker, Symposium organizers.

P.S. For those submitting abstracts-- in order to specify clearly to
the program committee that you are interested in being in a
reef-oriented session, we suggest that you (a) try to have a title
containing a key word such as *coral* or *reef*, or (b) add a note to
your abstract submittal form. Because it will be a relatively large
and busy meeting, we endorse the SICB suggestion that you consider a
poster presentation if possible.

*Other participating societies include The American Microscopical
Society (AMS), The Crustacean Society (TCS), the Animal Behavior
Society (ABS), and the Julia B. Platt Club.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 13 13:37:41 1997
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Date: Fri, 13 Jun 1997 12:53:49 -0400 (EDT)
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To: Marine Biology mailing list <marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ben Richards <blrF94@hampshire.edu>
Subject: Marine Airlifts
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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Status: RO
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Dear Colleagues -
	My apologies for any cross posting.

	My advisor and I are wanting to construct an airlift (underwater
vacuum cleaner), such as those used in excavating shipwrecks, for the
purpose of sampling the soft-bottom communities in the Pugett Sound. Has
anyone out there used such a device? We would like to construct the
airlift ourselves, so any design pointers you could give would be most
helpful.
	Along the same lines, we are also wishing to construct a "slurp
gun" for "sucking" small fishes and invertebrates from the water column.
Any design pointers on these would be much appreciated as well. Thanks in
advance.

 The Force will be with you, always.
 =-) Ben

Ben Richards
c/o the Ben Richards Distribution Center
7102 Coachwhip Hollow
Austin, TX 78750-8202
USA

brichards@hampshire.edu
http://hampshire.edu/~blrF94/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 13 20:43:19 1997
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Date: Fri, 13 Jun 1997 18:59:41 -0400
To: Ben Richards <blrF94@hampshire.edu>
From: Kerry Clark <kclark@iu.net>
Subject: Ben Richards' request, collector for small inverts:
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
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>>Along the same lines, we are also wishing to construct a "slurp
gun" for "sucking" small fishes and invertebrates from the water column.
Any design pointers on these would be much appreciated as well. Thanks in
advance.

Ben,
 My experience with "slurp guns" has not been good (my grad students and
I sometimes hang around dive shops and snicker whenever the Florida
tourists buy one), but you might be interested in my design for something a
colleague christened the "Clarksucker" (he requested that I _not_ reveal
his name, but he is a prominent authority on brittle stars). Basically,
it uses a Nalgene wash bottle and two valves from polyethylene gas siphons
(K-Mart: $1.99 ea) to yield a flow-through suction collector, which very
gently, but firmly, pulls in small inverts. It probably won't work on
fish, except for larvae, as they swim too strongly. But it has
revolutionized research on sea slugs, and I use it for many other small
marine invertebrates, too. It works flawlessly. The original citation is:
 1971. K.B. Clark. Construction of a collecting device for small
aquatic organisms and a method for the rapid weighing of small
invertebrates. Veliger 13:363-367. Sorry, I'm out of reprints.
 The walls of the bottle are compressed by hand and then spring back,
pulling in a vortex of water that sucks the animal into the bottle. A
small piece of Nytex screen makes sure that the little snots stay in the
bottle. I can collect up to about a hundred slugs before things start to
plug up. The animals are retrieved in excellent physiological condition,
because each "slurp" refreshes the water in the bottle. An indication of
this is that sea slugs lose none of their cerata, which are easily knocked
off and are quickly shed under physiological stress.
 I have made a number of improvements through the years; the major one is
to use a hot-glue gun with polyethylene sticks to weld the parts together;
in the original paper, I used wallboard adhesive to hold the plastic
together, which wasn't permanent enough. If you want to send me a 500 ml
Nalgene wide-mouth wash bottle and $5.00, I'll assemble one for you (sorry,
caller #1 only--assembly takes an hour), and you can copy the design for
additional suckers. Ideal for things like siphonophores, small medusae,
etc. -- as long as they'll fit through a 1/4" (6mm) orifice
(cross-section--length is irrelevant).
 I'm planning to post instructions for the new model--the "Mark XIV" --
on my website sometime this summer. I'll post a notice to this list at that
time.

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/metahome" --
"Bytes of Nature," producing the best in natural history software

Current fave quote: "... the most wonderful
 thing in the world - we've made Windows invisible."
 			Gil Amelio, Apple Computer, on Rhapsody,
				Apple's new multiplatform operating system

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 13 20:58:26 1997
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Date: Fri, 13 Jun 1997 19:32:33 -0400
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TECHNICIAN/RESEARCH ASSOCIATE: I have a position open immediately for a
diving nutrient chemist interested in nutrient cycling in tropical estuaries
(Florida Bay) and coral reef areas (Florida Keys). I need an independent,
take charge sort of person: lots of field work as well as laboratory
chemistry and sediment processing. Familiarity with autoanalyzers and/or
other modern laboratory equipment, and computer based data analysis,
graphing programs, etc. is required. Minimum education of a B.S. in
Chemistry or Marine Science with 2+ years of experience or an M.S degree.
Salary in the $22K to $25K depending on qualifications. Position for up to
two years depending on availability of funding.

If interested please call: Dr. Alina M. Szmant: (305)361-4609. Be
prepared to send a CV and names and phone numbers/email addresses of 3
references.

**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149

TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail: ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 16 10:17:19 1997
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From: Caricomp - Invemar Colombia <caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Reefs book
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Dear all:

Im looking for the book "Coral Reefs" edited by Z. Dubinsky. If
somebody know how can I get it, please let me know.

Diego Luis Gil

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 16 22:55:44 1997
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Date: Mon, 16 Jun 1997 22:16:12
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: GOING TO THE "WELL" ONE MORE TIME...
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Hello again Coral Types,

My name is Ursula Keuper-Bennett and I am a layperson who has been spending
much of the week in front of her computer trying to find scientists and
researchers who were prepared to speak out on behalf of sea turtles.

I have spent HOURS emailing zoology and biology departments of major
universities to reach the world's best minds until my right elbow was sore
from swipe, click, send. I set a personal goal of "collecting" PhD
signatures.

Oh, I'll reach my goal because like the sea turtles I love I am persistent.
 The threat sea turtles and the sea turtle community is facing in the next
few months can happen to the researchers (community) of other threatened
and endangered species. This isn't just a sea turtle thing. I ask your help.

I have been told now that time to get signatures is short and I am forced
to send to the mailing lists again because the Net is notoriously slow
today and sending a letter to each prof at some Zoology department (I was
trying for Asian universities) is like skating on gravel this evening.

I offer a message I sent up to the scientific mailing list CTURTLE to give
you some idea of the sense of urgency our community is feeling right now.
Here are portions of that message. I hope this will convince some of you
to sign on and add your names to the remarkable people who've already
spoken on behalf of sea turtles.

Perhaps it is because I dive with sea turtles all July and August and just
spend HOURS underwater with the same individual animals one summer to the
next. As a diver I watch them from below as they aim at the surface...
necks stuck all the way out, waves washing over their shells, gulping air.

I see how much they NEED AIR and as a diver I have some idea of what it
might feel like to DROWN. I am scrambling like HELL in an attempt to stop
the existing callous and disgraceful fishing/shrimping practices that trap
and DROWN these beautiful animals.

I have some idea what it would be like to see the surface but not be able
to get there and I will give everything I got to STOP this kind of dying.
I would appreciate help.

I ask you read this message. Thank you.

[CTURTLE MESSAGE BEGINS]

About a week ago, Todd Steiner posted the SCIENTISTS' SIGN-ON letter
regarding the World Trade Organization. A few weeks back, I happened to
read a May 3rd article on the World Trade Organization in the Toronto Star
(I live in Canada) and took Steiner's alert VERY SERIOUSLY.

I will provide you with the only paragraph you need to read in that
article. Here:

"In a similar case now before the World Trade Organization panel, Thailand
and Singapore are demanding that the U.S. drop its ban on shrimp caught in
ways that destroy endangered sea turtles. The judgement, Desombre warns,
will likely go against Washington."

I don't think it takes any imagination to figure what U.S. shrimpers will
do if Thailand and Singapore win out on this one. A TEDless U.S. shrimping
fleet is something that should make your neck hairs stand on end.

Please read the following letter and should your compassion move you to
sign, please do and forward this urgent message to others.
----------------------------
STATEMENT OF SCIENTISTS

We, the undersigned scientists, are making this statement to express our
concern over the possible ramifications of a dispute presently before the
World Trade Organization (WTO) that may allow trade considerations to
overrule sound scientific-based measures on matters related to the
international protection of endangered species.

We are aware that a WTO dispute resolution panel is considering how
existing measures to protect endangered sea turtles from the effects of
shrimp trawling may interact with newly formed trade agreements. We
believe it is imperative that the panel's decision not interfere in any way
with the right of countries to use scientifically developed facts -- not
trade or economic concerns -- to identify and implement appropriate
measures necessary to protect endangered species. Through the Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
(CITES), the international community has already expressly recognized the
need to protect endangered species from potential damage caused by trade.
The listing of species in CITES is determined through scientific methods
and measures to protect the species should be implemented in response to
the scientific results.

Scientific evidence demonstrates that the five species of sea turtles at
issue in this WTO dispute -- Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempi), loggerhead
(Caretta caretta), green (Chelonia mydas), hawksbill (Eretmochelys
imbricata), and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) -- are in danger of
extinction. This danger has been recognized under both national and
international endangered species laws.

These five sea turtle species are listed under CITES as "threatened with
extinction [and] ... affected by trade." In addition, the World
Conservation Union (IUCN) has determined that each of these species faces a
"very high risk of extinction in the wild in the near future." A study by
the United States National Academy of Sciences also supports this
conclusion. More seriously, the IUCN has determined that the Kemp's ridley
and hawksbill turtles face an "extremely high risk of extinction in the
wild in the immediate future."

When species, such as sea turtles, are endangered, it is crucial that the
cause of the problem and the solutions be identified through the use of
scientific methods. Numerous scientific studies have indicated that shrimp
trawling, which incidentally captures and drowns sea turtles in nets, is a
major threat to sea turtles. Many studies have also indicated that the
proper design, installation, and use of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) on
shrimp nets can reduce the number of turtles killed by shrimping by 97% or
more. Furthermore, TEDs reduce the by-catch of other marine organisms by
up to 60%, mitigating some of the negative impact of shrimp fishing on
marine biodiversity.

In sum, the survival of all endangered species, including sea turtles,
depends on the ability of countries to assess the problem, identify the
underlying causes and take steps to remove those causes on the basis of
scientific study. That is what the United States has done in requiring the
use of TEDs to protect sea turtles. The World Trade Organization should
respect the value of the scientific method and should not interfere with
the ability of countries to take measures that are necessary to protect sea
turtles, as well as all other endangered species.

Sincerely,

______________________________________________________________________________
Name Title
Institution

* James Spotila, Ph.D., Director, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation,
Drexel University
* Edward O Wilson, Pellegrino University Professor, Museum of Comparative
Biology, Harvard
* Michael Soule, Professor, Environmental Studies, UCSC
* Elliot Norse, President, Marine Conservation Biology Institute
* Ray Dasmann
* Karen Bjorndal, Professor, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research,
University of Florida
* Karen Eckert, Ph.D., Executive Director, Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle
Conservation Network
* Lester Brown, President, WorldWatch Institute
* Jared Diamond, Professor, UCLA
* Michael Salmon, Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida
Atlantic University
* Miles A. Smither, retired Associate Professor, University of Houston
* Scott A. Eckert, PhD, Senior Research Biologist, Hubbs-Sea World Research
Institute
* Peter J. Lardner, Chair, Department of Natural Science, Flagler College
* Amory Lovins, Director of Research, Rocky Mountain Institute
* Arthur H. Kopelman, PhD, Coastal Research and Education Society of Long
Island, Inc
* Lotus A. Vermeer, Research Associate, Bellairs Research Institute,
Barbados, West Indies
* Homero Aridjis, President, Grupo de Cien, Mexico
* Mario Boza, Former Vice Minister of Natural Resources, Costa Rica
* Richard Luxmoore, Head, Habitats Unit, World Conservation Monitoring
Centre, UK
* Donella Meadows, Adjunct Professor of Environmental Studies, Dartmouth
College
* Charles H. Peterson, Alumni Distinguished Professor of Marine Sciences,
Biology, and Ecology, UNC- Chapel Hill
* Terry L. Root, Professor, School of Natural Resources & Environment,
University of Michigan
* Mauricio Quesada, PhD, Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica
* Jorge Arturo Lobo, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica
* Oscar Rocha, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica, Chair
* Alvaro Leon, President, Costa Rican Ecologist Association
* Rembeto Briceno, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica
* Rafael Acuna Mesen, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica
* Paul Hanson, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Costa Rica
* Astrid Michels, MSc., Department of Biology, University of Munich, Germany
* Javier Rodriguez, Prof, Ph.D., Department of Biology, University of Costa
Rica/Dolphin Foundation
* Carlos Jimenez, MSc., Center for Marine Research, University of Costa Rica
* Helena Molina Urena, PhD, Center for Marine Research, University of Costa
Rica
* Jose Vargas, PhD, Director, Center for Marine Research, University of
Costa Rica
* Jose Truda Palazzo, Jr, Former General Coordinator of the National
Secretariat of the Environment, Presidential Staff, Brazil
* Federico Achaval, Professor, University of the Republic, Uruguay
* Thomas Dellinger, Professor, University of Madeira, Portugal
* Jonathon Gorham, Senior Environmental Specialist, Florida Power and Light
* Suzanne Koptur, Associate Professor of Plant Ecology, Florida
International University
* Roldan A. Valverde, Laboratory Instructor, Dept of Biology, Texas A&M
University
* Luis F. Lopez-Jurado, Professor, Dept of Biology, Universidad de las
Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
* John Gordon Frazier, D.Phil., Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios
Avanzados del IPN, Mexico
* Bruce G. Baldwin, Jepson Herbarium & Dept of Integrative Biology,
University of California, Berkeley
* Whitney Eure, DVM, Veterinarian, Volunteer, Hidden Meadow Marine
Environmental Project
* Carla M. D'Antonio, Associate Professor of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley
* James W. Valentine, UC Berkeley
* David H. Levenson, Institute of Marine Science, UC Santa Cruz
* David C. Rostal, Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Georgia
Southern University
* Janice S. Grumbles, Veterinarian, Department of Biology, Georgia Southern
University
* Richard J. Mooi, Curator, California Academy of Sciences
* Terrence M. Gosliner, Senior Curator, California Academy of Sciences
* Gary Williams, Chair, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology,
California Academy of Sciences
* James F. Case, Research Professor of Marine Biology and former Vice
Chancellor for Research, University of California Santa Barbara
* Jane Burns, M.D., Center for Marine Biomedicine and Biotechnology, UC San
Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography
* Rebecca Goldburg, PhD, Environmental Defense Fund
* Mia J. Tegner, Ph.D., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* Michael M. Mullen, Director, Marine Life Research Group, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* James P. Kennet, Director, Marine Science Institute and Professor of
Oceanography, UC Santa Barbara
* David Epel, Professor of Biological Sciences and Associate Director,
Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University
* Ronald S. Burton, Ph.D., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* William R. Riedel, D.Sc., Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* Mark D. Ohrman, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Marine Life Research Group,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* Joy B. Zedler, Director, Pacific Estuarine Research Laboratory and
Professor of Biology, San Diego State University
* James R. Karr, Professor of Fisheries and Zoology; Adjunct Professor of
Civil Engineering, Environmental Health and Public Affairs, University of
Washington
* Fred Felleman, M.Sc., NW Director, Ocean Advocates
* Gregor M. Cailliet, Professor, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
* R. Andrew Cameron, Senior Research Associate, California Institute of
Technology
* William M. Hammer, Professor of Biology & Director, UCLA Marine Science
Center
* Judy L. Meyer, Research Professor, Institute of Ecology, University of
Georgia
* Lisa Levin, Professor, Marine Life Research Group, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UC San Diego
* Rod Kennett, Faculty of Science, Northern Territory University, Darwin,
Australia
* Graham Robertson, Australian Antarctic Division, Australia
* G.L. Kooyman, Research Professor, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC
San Diego
* William F. Perrin, Ph.D., Senior Scientist, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UC San Diego
* Peter L. Zimmer, Veterinarian, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Germany
* Paulo C.R. Barata, Researcher, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
* Mark A. Powell, Ph.D., President, Colliding Rivers Research
* Susan Kilham, Ph.D., Professor, Drexel University
* Pamela Plotkin, Ph.D., Drexel University
* Eugenia Naro Maciel, PhD candidate, Center for Environmental Research and
Conservation, Columbia University
* Richard Gersberg, Ph.D., San Diego State University
* Richard Rosenblatt, Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, UC San Diego
* David W. Dunham, Professor of Zoology & Associate Chair (Graduate
Affairs), University of Toronto, Canada
* Nancy FitzSimmons, Research Assistant, PhD candidate, Zoology
Department, University of Queensland, Australia
* Dr. David J. Garbary, Professor of Biology, St. Francis Xavier
University, Canada
* Gert Jan Gast, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of
Marine Ecology, The Netherlands.
* Paul Broady, Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences, University of
Canterbury, New Zealand
* Bradford E. Rehm, Ph.D., Georgetown Texas
* Nadav Shashar, Ph.D., B.K.E., Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole
* Ma Corazon Maglasang, University of San Carlos, Marine Biology Section,
Philippines
* Dr. Richard Gordon, Department of Radiology, University of Manitoba,
Health Sciences Centre, Canada
* Emma Gyuris, Lecturer,Tropical Environment Studies & Geography
James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia
* Micha Ilan, Ph.D, Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
* James S. Clegg, Ph.D., Director, Bodega Marine Laboratory; Professor,
University of California, Davis
* David Chapman, Professor of Biological Sciences and Dean of Mathematical
Life and Physical Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara
* Jeremy Woodley, Ph.D., Centre for Marine Sciences, University of the West
Indies, Jamaica
* David C. Powell (MA), Director of Live Exhibit Development, Monterey Bay
Aquarium
* Mike Forster, Ph.D., Findhorn Bay, Scotland, United Kingdom
* W.J. Jordan, MVSc, Bsc, Care for the Wild International, United Kingdom
* Todd Steiner, Director, Sea Turtle Restoration Project, Earth Island
Institute
* Deborah Crouse, Ph.D., Senior Conservation Scientist, Center for Marine
Conservation
* John Keinath, Ph.D., Research Scientist, Drexel University
* Denis Goulet, Research Scientist, Tel Aviv University, Israel
* Craig W. Schneider, Ph.D., Department of Biology, Trinity College
* Hans R. Preisig, Professor, University of Zurich, Switzerland
* Eugene K. Balon, University Professor Emeritus, Axelrod University of
Ichthyology, University of Guelph; Editor-in-Chief, International journal
"Environmental Biology of Fishes"

-----------------------------------------------
 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@turtles.org
 /V^\ /^V\
 /V Turtle Trax V\ http://www.turtles.org
 / \
When you study members of another species, when you
habituate them in the wild, when you begin to understand
the intimate details of their private lives, and then
you learn that the population or whole group is sliding
towards extinction, what do you do? In good conscience,
you must defend them...
 \ /
 / \ / \ --- Birute M.F. Galdikas
 /__| V |__\

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 17 20:27:59 1997
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Date: Tue, 17 Jun 1997 23:44:51 +0000 (GMT)
From: Carlos Pineda <cvpineda@worldbank.org>
Subject: Macroalgal mariculture
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear Coral-listers,

Does anyone have data regarding how macroalgal mariculture projects in the
Asia/Pacific have affected coral reef ecosytems? I am primarily interested in
small-scale operations, although any information is appreciated.

Please send your comments directly to me, unless you think they are of general
interest to the list. Thank you!

Carlos Pineda
Land, Water and Natural Habitats Division, World Bank
cvpineda@worldbank.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 18 12:36:47 1997
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Date: Wed, 18 Jun 1997 12:14:33 -0400 (EDT)
From: Rebecca Penwell <penwellr@fiu.edu>
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Subject: Re: sedimentation and coral stress
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	I am trying to keep Acropora cervicornis in lab conditions but I
am not having much luck. Each coral is in a 10l tank no filter, airstone
for circulation, light metal halide 450 watts, temp. 320C, fed brine
shrimp every 3 days, water change with real seawater every 4 days and they
do not live more than a week and I am interested in keeping them for at
least 3 weeks. Any help would be greatly appreciated, salinity 35 ppt,
and ph 8.2 THanks!

Rebecca A. Penwell
Florida International University
Miami, FL 33199

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 18 14:16:24 1997
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Date: Wed, 18 Jun 1997 10:47:22 -0700 (PDT)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: sedimentation and coral stress
To: Rebecca Penwell <penwellr@fiu.edu>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.96.970618121056.22180F-100000@serss1>
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On Wed, 18 Jun 1997, Rebecca Penwell wrote:

> 	I am trying to keep Acropora cervicornis in lab conditions but I
> am not having much luck. Each coral is in a 10l tank no filter,

>airstone for circulation,

This is probably inadquate water circulation. For a 10 liter tank, I
would suggest adding at least a MaxiJet 250 powerhead to each tank.

>light metal halide 450 watts,

Without knowing more about the geometry and type of lamp, you could have
more light than the corals need, too much UV, etc.

>temp. 320C,

The water is too hot. Things happen too quickly at 90 F, and that water
temperature is almost high enough to cause bleaching at ideal
conditions. I would suggest lowering the water temperature to 27C.

> fed brine shrimp every 3 days,

Adult brine shrimp are too large for A. cervicornis polyps to capture.
Artemia nauplii would be a more acceptable food, but strictly, the corals
don't need food over thie timescale.

I suspect that the feeding may be contributing to poor water quality as well.
Ideally you would feed brine shrimp nauplii and then do a 100 percent
water change several hours later.

You should also monitor the total alkalinity and pH in the test aquaria.
If the corals are calcifying rapidly, they can reduce the total
alkalinity in this volume of water substantially over the course of a
single day. I don't know how large the corals are, but in my experience
fields of small coral cuttings can calcify at or above 20 kg m-2 yr-1.
You may need to increase the total alkalinity with something like sodium
bicarbonate or a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate.

If you want to maintain calcium as well, I would suggest making a stock
solution of 0.5 molar calcium chloride and another stock solution of
(0.8 molar sodium bicarbonate + 0.1 molar sodium carbonate.) These
solutions will be balanced in calcium and alkalinity when equal parts of
both are added to the test tanks.

You may also wish to increase the frequency of water changes to every 2
days or every day.

> water change with real seawater every 4 days and they
> do not live more than a week and I am interested in keeping them for at
> least 3 weeks. Any help would be greatly appreciated, salinity 35 ppt,
> and ph 8.2 THanks!

If after you make these changes, you still have a problem with coral
mortality, please e-mail me and I will send you an antibiotic treatment
protocol which will dramatically lower the chances of the coral dying of
a bacterial disease during the course of your study. However, it is
probably best if you can avoid this.

Craig Bingman

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 20 19:39:26 1997
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Date: Fri, 20 Jun 1997 18:33:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Mey Akashah (SAR)" <makashah@virtu.sar.usf.edu>
X-Sender: makashah@virtu
Reply-To: "Mey Akashah (SAR)" <makashah@virtu.sar.usf.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Student interested research facilities and/or research assistant position
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Dear Coral List Members,

	My name is Mey Akashah and I am a fourth year student at New
College in Sarasota, Florida, where I am majoring in Marine Biology/
Environmental Sciences. I have done coral reef research in Kuwait, in the
Virgin Islands, and in Roatan, Honduras.
 I am currently conducting senior thesis research on international
cooperation in the monitoring and protection of coral reefs and would like
information and comparitive data relative to this subject. I would also
welcome any opportunity to pursue research in a location with access to
centralized data and/or to work as a research assistant or summer intern.
I have completed all the requirements for a Dive Master certification and
am competent in underwater research skills. If you can help with
information or advice, please respond to this address.

				Thank you,
				Mey Akashah

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 23 13:24:29 1997
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Date: Mon, 23 Jun 1997 12:48:46 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: bleaching/spawing
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Greetings,

	This is a reminder to members of the list, that we (or at least I)
would be interested in hearing of any incidences of coral bleaching and/or
spawning in your area. I have been archiving reported incidences at our
Web site, and these incidences have been of great value to many
researchers.

	Thank you very much for your help and interest.

	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator

Web site: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 24 01:09:10 1997
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From: Tonyasnell@aol.com
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral tissue
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I am in need of cnidarian tissue (primarily scleractinian coral tissue) to
complete a genetic analysis for my masters research. If anyone can give me
some information as to where I can obtain small amounts of frozen tissue
samples I would greatly appreciate it.

Please respond directly to tonyasnell@aol.com.

Thank you in advance!

Tonya Snell

Dept. of Zoology and Physiology
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, LA 70803

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 24 08:26:05 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Golf Course near coral reefs (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sat, 14 Jun 1997 18:27:51 -0500
From: Siwa-Ban <sbf@btl.net>
Subject: Golf Course near coral reefs

Please try to put this message on the coral-list; this is the 4th time
I've tried and so far no such luck. Here is the message:

I live on a small island with a very (no--extremely) depauperate
literature base; I was interested to know of any recent work done on
effect (if any) of chemical additives, such as pesticides, fertilisers
(for example, Scott's products), fungi- cides, etc etc. I need to know;
once they enter the groundwater, how far may these contaminants travel in
the currents? Any info would be of assistance.

Thank you in advance;

E. McRae
The Siwa-ban Foundation
Caye Caulker
Belize, Central America
sbf@btl.net

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 24 12:11:08 1997
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From: "Tim Daw" <T.M.Daw@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 24 Jun 1997 16:44:34 GMT0BST
Subject: cement factory sedimentation
Priority: normal
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Good day everyone!

I am writing in search of any information to help with an expedition
which I am have recently joined, going to Eritrea in September and
October of this year. We are looking at anthropogenic impacts to the
reefs around the Port of Massawa and the general health of the
ecosystem.

What I was hoping to learn about is sedimentation effects on corals
from cement factories which is one of the largest impacts in the
area. We are hoping to set sediment traps along gradients but I was
hoping to be able to talk to someone who might have worked with this
before.

We also have sewage outfalls and an oil terminal and any information
or being pointed in the right direction would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks for your time and consideration.

Jo Kynoch & Tim Daw
********************************************************
Tim Daw
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management
University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU
UK

Tel. (0191) 222 6661
Fax. (0191) 222 7891
--------------------------------------------------------
Visit the Reefs of Massawa Expedition 1997 web
site at http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~n4052302
--------------------------------------------------------
********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 24 18:17:14 1997
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Date: Tue, 24 Jun 1997 17:47:53 -0500
From: "Jack, Sobel" <sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com>
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Position Announcement
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POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT: ECOSYSTEM/WATER QUALITY CONSERVATION SCIENTIST

The Center for Marine Conservation, (CMC) a non-profit marine
conservation organization, is pleased to announce the availability of a
position for a Water Quality/Ecosystem Conservation Scientist in our
Washington, DC headquarters. CMC , established in 1972, is dedicated to
the conservation of worldwide protection of coastal and marine
environments and their living resources. Based in Washington, DC CMC has
offices in Virginia, Florida and California.

BASIC FUNCTIONS: The ecosystem/water quality scientist contributes
technical expertise to the development and implementation of CMC's
science-based programs and policies to protect marine ecosystems,
including those affecting water quality and marine protected areas. The
scientist researches, analyzes, authors, disseminates and advocates
scientific and policy information on these issues.

SPECIFIC RESPONSIBILITES: Provides leadership within the conservation
community by researching, writing and disseminating proceedings from
scientific workshop(s) on clean ocean water issues, and other scientific
papers as necessary related to land-based sources of marine pollution and
marine water quality. Identifies emerging issues in these areas for
formulation of policies which address identified issues. Serves as
scientific advisor within CMC by providing scientific expertise and
analysis on land-based sources of pollution, including preparation of
white papers addressing sewage, agricultural, and airborne pollution.
Provides scientific expertise and technical support related to the
development, review, revision and implementation of water quality
management, marine protected areas, and ecosystem protection. Serves as
CMC spokesperson to the media, governmental, scientific and technical
groups relevant to water quality, marine protected areas, and ecosystem
protection. Serves as CMC's advocate by preparing testimony based on
policy and scientific review for delivery to legislators, the scientific
community, federal, state and international agency staff, and other
interest groups. Works with the Development department staff to develop
funding proposals and materials, and reports to funders in support of the
clean water and ecosystem programs. Provides scientific support to the
Ecosystem Director and Program Counsel, and advises other CMC staff on
ecosystem and water quality issues related to marine protected areas,
habitat protection, biodiversity conservation, fisheries, and human
health. Works with the finance and administration department to ensure
the completion of applicable financial and administrative matters.

QUALIFICATIONS: An advanced degree in Marine Ecology, Biology, Chemistry
or affiliated field. In depth knowledge of marine ecosystems and their
protection, marine protected areas, point and non-point source pollution,
effects of pollutants on marine systems, wastewater treatment,
water-borne diseases, and the Clean Water Act. Demonstrated ability to
publish scientific policy papers regarding water quality and marine
resource protection. Minimum of three years experience in the advocacy
of marine conservation.

Applicants should send cover letter and resume to:
CMC
Sharon Tryon
1725 DeSales St. NW #600
Washington D.C. 20036
 NO PHONE CALLS PLEASE EOE

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 25 08:28:48 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Sad news
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The great Jacques Cousteau, who brought the beauty of coral reefs to more
hearts and minds than any other person in the world, has passed away at
the age of 87 in Paris, France. I'm sure we will all miss his presence
greatly.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 25 08:35:49 1997
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Date: Wed, 25 Jun 1997 06:57:38 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Apo Island info.
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Greetings: Does anyone know if the following article is on-line somewhere:
Alcala, Russ (1990) "A direct test of the effects of protective management
on abundance and yield of tropical marine resources," J.Cons. Int. Explor.
Mer. 46:40-47.

I'm interested in Apo Island as a (small-scale) example of the practicality
of fishing reserves. Any thoughts and/or information on this?

Thanks,
Osha

Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 25 16:44:12 1997
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Date: Wed, 25 Jun 1997 16:04:45 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Cousteau
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Three personal anecdotes:

1. Cousteau came to St. Croix on the Calypso to St. Croix in the early
'70's and docked unannouced at the Hess Refinery product loading
dock. He was "out of gas." He was told that he should go to the
commercial fuel dock. He responded by asking if the Hess executives would
like the world press to know that they had refused to help Cousteau and
the Calypso. They gave him the fuel. (He was a great entrepreneur)

2. At the premier of one of the first Cousteau films on Third Ave. NYC:
>From the small sub he intoned: "We came across this very strange fish; we
have no idea what it is." From the back of the packed house came a shout:
"Like hell, it's a batfish!" The audience broke into laughter. (He didn't
always get his facts straight, but he was always entertaining, and it was
probably better as a "strange fish" anyway.)

3. At UNESCO in Paris in the mid-1980's a French friend asked me to leave
the meeting and come with him to meet someone. We went across the street
to a huge auditorium full of noisy French school children of, say, 8-12
years. We met Cousteau backstage briefly and then went into the audience.
I expected slides or a film, but Cousteau walked out on the stage alone,
the auditorium became silent, and he talked about the ocean for over a
hour holding the huge group in thrall. (The voice, the accent, the
stories...no one could weave a spell like him.)

As Carl Safina said on NPR this morning, "he showed us that with great
curiosity about the sea's great mysteries, one can make great
discoveries, and have a lot of fun doing it." Carl also said that he
showed us that if you find a bottle of wine on the sea floor, you can
drink it.

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/553-1109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 26 00:52:16 1997
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Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 00:15:02 -0400 (EDT)
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To: CORAL-LIST@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ed Kelly <ekelly@sentex.net>
Subject: Trip to Socotra and Red SEa seeks researchers
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RESEARCH OPPORTUNITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

ARABIAN SEAS EXPEDITION

The Arabian Seas Expedition (ASE) is an environmental awareness project
producing a series of documentary film studies investigating the marine life
and environmental issues within all the seas surrounding the Arabian
Peninsula. We are looking for people interested in doing research in this
part of the world to join us on our "Voyage of Discovery" leaving Dubai on
November 15, 1997

ASE was born from the apparent environmental anticlimax that followed the
Gulf war, as a reaction to the shifting of global focus and was originally
aiming to view first hand the short and long term impact from the Gulf war's
oil spill, the largest manmade oil related disaster ever. The full impact on
the marine life and coastal ecology has never been clearly defined and was
soon swept away from public interest as the international media moved
elsewhere onto more current stories.

One of the most broadening consequences derived from the ASE's earlier work,
was the understanding that the seas of Arabia were far from being a desert
reflection of the arid land that they surround, but are actually amongst the
richest marine environments on our planet, rich in diversity of marine life,
and full of exciting new discovery. Political tensions throughout this
historically volatile area had in fact prevented marine biologists from
moving freely within the area. Today, marine scientist are discovering
hundreds of species new to science. The chances of learning exciting new
information along with the possibility to view unique insights into an
amazing wealth of natural history have moved the ASE into a unique position
- to be the first to feature these insights on film.

Part of the process of producing these films also creates an advantageous
logistical platform for scientists and researchers wishing to commence or
further scientific marine life studies in these remote and until now,
inaccessible areas. With this in mind, ASE is now preparing for the most
dramatic and important facet of the project - The ASE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY.

We are offering this unique opportunity to Research Institutions and
Universities enabling you to participate in our ASE VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY
commencing in November 1997.

Recent research is revealing that the proposed route intended by the ASE
will take them to waters that are potentially full of discovery and will
undoubtedly prove to be the most stunningly beautiful and important areas of
Arabia's underwater world.

DATES FOR VOYAGE OF DISCOVERY

Departure from Dubai	November 15 1998
				Aboard Breakwind, cetacean studies off Oman coastline
Arrive at Mukalla, Yemen	December 15, 1997
				Transfer to MS Surveyor
Arrive in Socotra		December 23, 1997
				Set up base camp to explore the island and waters
Arrive in Hudaydah		March 30, 1998
				Time to visit Yemen coastline
Depart for Daklak Islands	April 30 till June 1, 1998
				Visit Dibouti, and Southern Red Sea on to Egypt.

The Southern coast of Oman, in the Arabian Sea, is possibly home to the
world's only resident humpback whale population. The same area is exposed
to constant up-wellings from the Indian ocean depths, creating unique
ecosystems that support tropical and temperate organisms side by side. In
only two months of research, Dr. Jack Randall from Honolulu's Bishop Museum,
discovered over 46 new species of fish from the Southern region of Oman.

There are few places left throughout the world that one can truly call
unknown in terms of marine biology. One such location - Socotra, remains
enshrouded in mystery and legend. A place that marine charts and
navigational maps still refer to as uncharted and dangerous waters. A place
so isolated and remote from either the Arabian peninsula or African
mainland, that it's unique bio-diversity has changed little throughout
millennia. Socotra is today considered as the Galapagos of the Indian
ocean, and promises to be full of interesting discoveries. Assumption leads
us to believe that the island is home to many endemic marine species, a
large number of which will certainly be new to science.

The Daklak Islands off the coast of Eritrea in the Red Sea, had been off
limits for over 30 years of bitter civil war. The islands represent one of
the last regions of pristine marine ecology in the Southern Red Sea.
Tourism is expected to grow rapidly here and we wish to film the fragility
of the island's biodiversity before it is lost to the demands of progress.

Our progressive route up the Red Sea will take us to areas that offer
special interests such as schooling sharks, graceful Manta Rays, Giant
Nudibranchs and pristine coral reefs of unsurpassed beauty. Our final
destination is the most famous diving location throughout the Middle East,
and arguably the world -Egypt's Sinai, or more specifically Sharm-el-Sheikh,
(inorder to look at the latest marine park conservation project).

If you have interests in this region, and would life to initiate a specific
research study, please e-mail me details on the nature of your research with
an outline of what you would like to do. We will respond immediately with a
plan as to how we could integrate your research into our overall mission.
Submissions should reach us no later than the first of September 1997.
DECRIPTION OF RESEARCH VESSESL

We have the use of two very different boats; Breakwind, has space for 3
researchers and is suited to those who would prefer to conduct their
research in a more private manner. The boat is basic but comfortable and we
will do our best to make participants feel part of a unique and
unprecedented project. Then we have the MS Surveyor, a luxury research
vessel with space for 14 researchers for those who may intend to spend more
time at sea and are looking for more facilities and comforts.

Breakwind

- 56 foot boat with a 5 metre beam and 2 metre draft with cutter rigging
(sails), diesel engine.
- 3 double cabins, one single berth in the stateroom.
- Kitchen galley, large lounge area, shower and WC facilities
- 1500 l fresh water tanks
- GPS (Global Positioning System), Radar, proximity alarms, sonar
Echsounders, Auto Pilot
- Auto-helm 7000, High frequency radio, VHS radio, SATCOM with fax
- Solar and wind powered generators.

MS Surveyor

-33 m research vessel
- 8 twin cabins with basin-sharing bathrooms and one double ensuite
- main saloon with TV, stereo and separate dining room
- air conditioned throughout
- film processing lab, editing suite, photo centre
- 3 compressors, 40x12 l tanks
- 2x5m inflatable with twin outboards
- water capacity: 60 tonnes plus watermaker of 2.5 tonnes per day
- crew of 8 including cook, mechanic, dive master and 3 deck hands

COST TO RESEARCHER AND WHAT THIS INCLUDES

Each researcher should be fully self funded for airfares and able to
contribute $3000 for every 4 weeks towards the expedition's costs.

End-destination airport pick-up
Transfer to boat
Full board (three meals and drinks)
Shared accommodation
Full or partial scuba equipment, training if required

LIST OF RESEARCHERS HELPED BY ASE TO DATE

Micheal Appel 	Senckenberg Institute, Frankfurt
		 	PhD work on Deapod Crustaceans of the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

Dr.Vic Cockcroft 	Centre for Dolphin STudies, Port Elizabeth Museum, South
Africa
		 	Dugong research in the UAE

Robert Baldwin 	Whale and Dolphin Research programme
		 	Comprehensive Cetacean Study - UAE

Anna Hywell- Davies Crustaceans and Magal Ecosystems of Abu Dhabi's
offshore islands

Dr. Bernard Riegl 	University of Vienna, Austria
		 Coral Reef Study in the Southern Arabian Gulf

Dr. Jack Randall	Bishops Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii
			Fish species identification in Southern Oman

Elaine Kelly
62 Harvard Road
Guelph, Ontario
N1G 2X8

 tel: 1 519 836 7117
fax: 1 519 763 0300
e-mail: ekelly@sentex.net

Elaine Kelly, ekelly@sentex.net

62 Harvard Road
Guelph, Ontario
Canada
N1G 2X8

tel: 1 519 836 7117
fax: 1 519 793 0300

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 26 10:11:49 1997
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Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 09:50:15 -0400 (EDT)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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Subject: Re: Cousteau (fwd)
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More on Cousteau...

Al -

Tnx for the clip. Keying off the "He didn't always get his facts right"
sentence -- I remember I was at a UNEP conference in the 70s on
Mediterranean pollution. Cousteau was there, went for a swim in the Med
and then proclaimed that the Med was dying. The conference was heavily
covered by the press, and they were hurting for a story. The next day
almost every European newspaper had headlines like: Cousteau Proclaims Med
is Dead. The man had to quickly retreat, retract and say something like
"it was only a local problem". He sure got attention! UNEP got just what
it wanted.

Kent Hughes

>**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
> Alan E. Strong
>Physical Scientist/Oceanographer Adj. Asst. Professor
> NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3 US Naval Academy
> NOAA Science Center -- RM 711 Oceanography Department
> 4700 Silver Hill Road -- Stop 9910 Annapolis, MD 21402
> Washington, DC 20233-9910 410-293-6566 [v-mail]
> Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov strong@nadn.navy.mil
> 301-763-8102 FAX: 301-763-8020 FAX: 410-293-2137
> http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html
>**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 26 12:10:18 1997
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Date: Thu, 26 Jun 97 11:38:14 EDT
From: pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu (Phil Dustan)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: JYC
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I'd like to acknowledge John Ogdfen's comments and say that there are many more that could be added to the legacy of JY Cousteau. Those of us that knew him will forever remember him. He was a hero for so many of us. Perhaps we sometimes disdained him as "
not being a REAl marine scientist" but a lot of than was probably out of jealousy, not intellect.
	However- the world has lost a great citizenwho, perhaps more than any other single individual, has connected humanity with its genetic visceral memory of the sea. Might we consider creating a world holiday in his honor on which we would celebrate his leg
acy and work towards realizing his goals of a humanity that has achieved consciousness in ecological harmony with nature.

			Phil Dustan

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 26 16:52:54 1997
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Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 16:12:53
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: Re: JYC
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Phil Dustan wrote:

>I'd like to acknowledge John Ogdfen's comments and say that there are many
more >that could be added to the legacy of JY Cousteau. Those of us that
knew him >will forever remember him. He was a hero for so many of us.

I've been watching with great interest the activity on the newsgroup
rec.scuba since news of the passing of Jacques Cousteau. It is moving and
significant how many people's lives he touched.

Never met him. Knew him only through his TV documentaries but I want to
share with you what I wrote to rec.scuba yesterday about him.

Subject: Re: Jacques Cousteau is Dead
Organization: Turtle Trax
Message-ID: <5orutt$opc_001@trt-on7-16.netcom.ca>
References: <5or7j6$cja@dfw-ixnews5.ix.netcom.com>
Keywords: About heroes and staying that way

He was one of my heroes back when I was a kid and managed to stay one right
up til his death. Considering the other heroes I had back in the Sixties
only Jacques Cousteau never disappointed me.

Au revoir and aloha nui loa to the great man.

(And now to close my message with a quote from another)
--------------------------------------------------------
 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@turtles.org
 /V^\ /^V\
 /V Turtle Trax V\ http://www.turtles.org
 / \
"For most of the wild things on earth the future must
depend upon the conscience of mankind."

 \ / --- Dr. Archie Carr
 / \ / \
 /__| V |__\

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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kerry Clark <kclark@iu.net>
Subject: Cousteau, facts, and nature films
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>> Keying off the "He didn't always get his facts right"
sentence --

 In balance, many, probably most, of the nature films I've seen include
factual errors, ranging from a "Darth Vader" octopus whose breathing
movements are carefully synched with the sound of someone breathing through
a SCUBA regulator (in two _different_ films) to carefully staged sequences,
often filmed in aquaria, showing events which are highly unlikely to occur
in the wild. One that springs to mind is a slipper lobster (Scyllarus)
being pursued by a turtle in broad daylight; so far as I know these are
almost entirely nocturnal, so I assume this was removed from a hiding spot
and used to bait the turtle. For terrestrial films, it's pretty common to
use captive animals to stage hunt/kill sequences.
 Not to excuse this, but film is very expensive and I think many
wildlife production units resort to staging to keep costs to manageable
level. It might be nice if they cleared the script with a biologist before
including it, though. A new trend is using computer animation to show rare
events, which is becoming more cost-effective and does not pretend to be
the actual event.
 At a minimum, I wish the narrators would at least look up terms in a
dictionary and learn to pronounce them properly.

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://www.metazoa.com" -- "Bytes of Nature,"
producing the best in natural history software

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 26 20:23:27 1997
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Date: Fri, 27 Jun 1997 07:47:16 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
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 indopac@aol.com, komilus@ppps.po.my, biusing@ppps.po.my
Subject: JYC........
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A Loss Indeed! Jacques Cousteau passing away.....

I, for one, was inspired to actually make a career in mariculture & coral reef management through the many
books by JYC that I read in my high school & US Navy days....back in the 60s & 70s. I am sure there are
many others all over the World in the same catagory.

Will Phillipe help fill the same boots...or in a different flavour?

For this...I will be dedicating my new pavilion here at Kota Kinabalu - THE REEF PROJECT - Coral Reef &
Giant Clam Rehabilitation Centre - to Jacques Cousteau. Can someone direct me to a pertinent Web Page to
obtain photos of JY Cousteau for my pavilion? Cousteau Society?

Upon its opening, THE REEF PROJECT Pavilion information, mission, and invitations will be so noted in this
List.

Best regards to All,
Don Baker

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 26 20:40:12 1997
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Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 20:18:53
To: Kerry Clark <kclark@iu.net>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Jamie D. Bechtel" <warrior@bu.edu>
Subject: Re: Cousteau, facts
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I have been reading commentaries about Jacques Cousteau for two days now.
As scientists, we know he made mistakes. It is now time to pay our
respects, not critique and critize his work. His contributions were far
greater than many of ours have been. Please, let us have this time to
reinvoke our awe and inspiration of a truly amazing person.

"And let us remember too that life, in its exuberance, always succeeds in
overflowing the narrow limits within which man thinks he can confine it."

Jacques Cousteau

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 27 01:04:04 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kerry Clark <kclark@iu.net>
Subject: Re: Cousteau, facts
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Jamie Bechtel wrote:
>I have been reading commentaries about Jacques Cousteau for two days now.
>As scientists, we know he made mistakes. It is now time to pay our
>respects, not critique and critize his work. His contributions were far
>greater than many of ours have been. Please, let us have this time to
>reinvoke our awe and inspiration of a truly amazing person.

 My posting was not intended as a criticism of Cousteau, which should
have been obvious from the initial words "In balance...," nor did it
contain any comments directly pertaining to Cousteau, other than the title,
which was necessary to provide continuity with a preceding post. Rather, it
addressed problems with the nature film industry in general, which
effectively initiated a new "thread," one which I felt qualified to address
as an advisor on one completed film and another in progress.
 However, the posting of anecdotes about famous recent decedents has a
long tradition in our culture. Even when construed as negative by some,
these help us to develop a more intimate image of the life and
accomplishments of persons whom we may not have had the fortune to know
personally. I don't think these detract from the reputation or
accomplishments of such individuals, but by humanizing them, bring them
closer. Many would consider this a helpful part of the grieving process, as
well as part of historical contextualizaton.
 I think the following definition is quite pertinent:
 "Anecdote: item of unpublished or secret history or biography; a usually
short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or curious incident, often
biographical, and generally characterized by human interest." (Webster's
3rd New International).

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://www.metazoa.com" -- "Bytes of Nature,"
producing the best in natural history software

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 27 09:59:55 1997
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Date: Fri, 27 Jun 1997 09:22:40 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Position at Keys Marine Laboratory
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A forwarded message from Dr. Sandra Vargo, the Florida Institute of
Oceanography. Please follow directions below for follow-up
information.

 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Florida Institute of Oceanography operates the Keys Marine Laboratory
jointly with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection. We are
presently looking for a laboratory coordinator/manager to be responsible
for overall daily operations at the KML. We would appreciate it if you
would forward this notice or post it for any persons you might think would
be interested in the position. The position is a non-tenure track faculty
position at the Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South
Florida the host university for the FIO. The University of South Florida
is an equal opportunity, affirmative action employer. Individuals
requiring reasonable accommodation to participate in the interview process
should contact Human Resources (813)553-1115, TDD 1-800-8771 24 hrs prior.

 Keys Marine Laboratory (KML) Coordinator

The Florida Institute of Oceanography/University of South Florida seeks a
manager for the Keys Marine Laboratory located on Long Key in the Florida
Keys. The KML is a general service education and research center operated
jointly by the FIO and Florida Department of Environmental Protection.
The KML facilitates and supports education and research projects dependent
on South Florida habitats or resources. The manager is responsible for
coordinating operations and maintenance of the KML on a daily basis. This
includes, but is not limited to, scheduling facilities (dorms, labs,
holding facilities, boats, etc.), maintenance, repairs, and new
construction. The manager coordinates 6 staff members and is the
immediate administrator responsible for monitoring expenditures and
revenues, and setting task priorities. The operations of the KML are
diverse including boat support for field sampling, specimen collection and
transport for on-site and off-site use, a running seawater system for
maintaining organisms for education and research use, laboratory equipment
purchase and maintenance, and public outreach. A minimum of a Bachelor's
degree in the natural sciences or related fields is required and
preferably 2-3 years experience in laboratory management. The manager
must have strong organizational skills, the ability to communicate well
both verbally and in writing, skill and experience with small boat
operations, SCUBA use, and experience with subtropical/tropical marine
habitats. The manager will be employed as a non-tenure track faculty
member by University of South Florida, the administrative host for the
FIO, which is a statewide consortium of the State University System of
Florida. The salary range is $30,000 -$33,000 depending upon experience.

To apply send your application and the names of three references to:

Dr. Sandra Vargo
Florida Institute of Oceanography
830 First Street South
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
(813)553-1100
(813)553-1109 (Fax)

Application Deadline: July 31, 1997

 KEYS MARINE LABORATORY

 Only Florida among the continental states has a tropical marine
habitat. Through the State's acquisition of the former Sea World Shark
Institute and subsequent establishment of the Keys Marine Laboratory (KML)
on Long Key, this unique U.S. resource is accessible to researchers and
educators throughout the country. The KML, purchased through the Florida
Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) for joint operation by the
Florida Marine Research Institute/FDEP and the Florida Institute of
Oceanography/State University System, was formally dedicated in 1989 as a
full-service marine laboratory and education center for programs focussing
on south Florida environments.

 The facility is a two hour drive from Miami International Airport at
mile marker 68.5 on US Route 1. Within 1/2 hour of the KML are coral
reefs, Florida Bay, grass flats, sandy beaches, mud flats, mangrove
forests, and hardwood hammocks as well as access to oceanic waters of the
Gulf stream and the Florida Straits.

 The KML has air conditioned dormitory facilities accommodating up to
27 people, with cooking facilities. Local catering service is also
available. The KML boasts a series of 30" deep interconnected research
and holding pools totalling 548,000 gallons of seawater with flow through
pumping capability in excess of 162,000 gph. A 15,000 gallon observation
tank and assorted other tanks ranging in size from 1000 to 5000 gallons
are also maintained at the KML. A classroom/meeting room is available as
well as wet lab/dry lab facilities for both individual research projects
and larger scale education programs. A limited array of sampling gear and
laboratory equipment is maintained at the KML. Special analytical
equipment is provided by individual researchers and can usually be
accommodated in secure or restricted areas. The KML also has a fleet of
small boats which are available to users with KML staff operators.

 The KML staff members have backgrounds in marine environmental
education, expertise in marine animal collecting and maintenance, and
extensive knowledge of local habitats. They are available for
consultation and help and coordination of both research projects and
education programs. The staff is happy to assist groups and individuals
in any way to make their program successful and enjoyable. Use of the KML
is approved upon completion of a Facility Use Request Form which insures
that the education or research needs can be met and that there are no
scheduling conflicts at that this multi-user facility

The mission of the KML is to encourage and support research and education
programs of particular interest or benefit to Florida in this unique
region of the state. The KML/DEP-SUS operation provides local expertise,
services, and a base of operations which are not otherwise available.
This established infrastructure allows visitors to concentrate on their
work rather than use valuable research or teaching time to locate and
coordinate essential services.

Sandra L. Vargo
Assistant Director
Florida Institute of Oceanography
830 First Street South
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

Phone:	(813)553-1100
Fax:	(813)553-1109
EMAIL:	svargo@marine.usf.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 27 10:00:57 1997
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Date: Fri, 27 Jun 1997 09:17:07 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Jacques (fwd)
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I hope John C. and John O. don't mind me forwarding this...

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 26 Jun 1997 00:33:51 -0400
From: "John R. CLARK" <JOHCLARK@compuserve.com>
To: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
Subject: Jaques

john,

i sat next to him at dinner in the "French Club"
in London. I was more innocent in the 60's.

I said "Dr. Costeau, you have done a great
service in providing the means for us to SEE
underwater."

Now, please give us the means to HEAR
underwater!

He went into a 90-second trance and then
emerged with a vigorous shake of the head
 to say only one word -- NON!

I think in that short time he calculated the
needs, the risks, and the costs! Amazing.

Regards,

John

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 27 10:04:58 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Jacques-Yves Cousteau
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This is your list, but I say keep the Cousteau stories coming for awhile!
All the anecdotes of his activities or antics (good or not-so-good) will
be a good collection, and I doubt that such a collection exists (are you
listening out there, you writers?). The not-so-good after all just show
that he was human, and the good ones most of us have yet to hear!

	Cheers,

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 27 11:42:52 1997
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Date: 27 Jun 1997 10:45:23 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: esperanza
To: "Alan Giraldo Lopez" <agiraldo@condor.dpi.udec.cl>,
 "Alexandra Aparicio" <alaparic@usa.net>
Cc: "As. Est. y Con. Aves" <calidris@nemo.univalle.edu.co>,
 "carolina gomez" <cgomez@verne.cuao.edu.co>,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
 "Edgardo L. Cruz" <edlocruz@biologia.univalle.edu.co>,
 "Felipe Estela" <festela@biologia.univalle.edu.co>,
 "Javier BUSTOS" <lagarto@hotmail.com>,
 "Juan Felipe Blanco" <blanco@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
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 Reply to: RE>>esperanza

This is yet one more of a series of unfortunate frauds on the internet. I
recommend that any message such as this one or a virus warning be checked out
before forwarding it on to waste the time of thousands of people.

If you wish further information, you can check the American Cancer Society web
site at: http://www.cancer.org/

--------------------------------------
Date: 6/17/97 3:11 PM
To: Mark Eakin
From: Alan Giraldo Lopez
At 10:24 16/06/97 -0500, you wrote:
>Este mensaje llego pidiendo un poco de ayuda para una nina, el mensaje esta
>en ingles y castellano.
>
>Litttle Jessica Mydek is seven years old and is suffering from an acute and
>very rare case of cerebral carcinoma. This condition causes severe
>malignant brain tumors and is a terminal illness. The doctors have given
>her six months to live. As part of her dying wish, she wanted to start a
>chain letter to inform people of this condition and to send people the
>message to live life to the fullest and enjoy every moment, a chance that
>she will never have.
>
>Furthermore, the American Cancer Society and several corporate sponsors have
>agreed to donate three cents toward continuing cancer research for every new
>person that gets forwarded this message. Please give Jessica and all cancer
>victims a chance. If there are any questions, send them to the American
>Cancer Society at:
>ACS@AOL.COM
>
>The End.
>
>TRADUCCION:
>
>La pequena Jessica Mydek tiene siete anos y sufre un caso agudo y muy raro
>de carcinoma cerebral. Esta condicion le causa tumores cerebrales malignos
>muy severos, ademas de ser una enfermedad terminal. Los doctores le han
>dado 6 meses de vida.
>Como parte de su ultimo deseo, ella ha querido empezar una carta-cadena para
>informar a la gente de su condicion y enviarle a la gente el mensaje de que
>vivan la vida completamente y que distruten de cada momento, una oportunidad
>que ella nunca tendra... Es mas, la Sociedad Americana del Cancer y algunas
>corporaciones patrocinadoras, se han puesto de acuerdo en donar 3 centavos
>en favor de la investigacion sobre el cancer por cada nueva persona que
>reciba redirigido este mensaje.
>Por favor, den a Jessica y a todas las demas victimas del cancer una
>portunidad. Si hay alguna pregunta, enviarla a:
>AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY en ACS@AOL.com.
>
>FIN TRADUCCION
>
>Explicacion: Tienes que enviar una copia de este mensaje a todos los que
>conozcas y otro a ACS@AOL.com. Por cada mensaje que reciba ACS@AOL.com,
>dara 3 centavos en favor de la investigacion contra el cancer.
>
>Vamos gente! todos conocemos a alguien que ha tenido o tiene cancer.
>
>
>
Alan Giraldo Lopez			"Algunas cosas parecen imposibles,
Biologo Marino				 hasta que estan hechas"
Estudiante Doctorado en Oceanografia
Escuela de Postgrado		 Tel: (56)(41)(234985)
Universidad de Concepcion 		 anexo 3003
Fac. de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas Fax: (56)(41)(225400)
Departamento de Oceanografia		 Casilla 2407-10 Concepcion-Chile

Email : agiraldo@condor.dpi.udec.cl

Casilla Personal 902 Concepcion-Chile
Tel Res : (56)(41)(315124)

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Subject: Re: esperanza
Cc: Juan Felipe Blanco <blanco@biologia.univalle.edu.co>,
 "As. Est. y Con. Aves" <calidris@nemo.univalle.edu.co>,
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 27 13:17:39 1997
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Date: Fri, 27 Jun 1997 12:27:45
To: Kerry Clark <kclark@iu.net>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Jamie D. Bechtel" <warrior@bu.edu>
Subject: Re: Cousteau, facts
In-Reply-To: <l03102800afd8ace9942f@[198.69.25.159]>
References: <3.0.1.16.19970626201853.4727186e@acs-mail.bu.edu>
 <l03102804afd8494af9bc@[198.69.25.206]>
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I would like to apologize to Kerry Clark. I did not mean to imply that his
specific correspondence was negative and overly critical of Jacques
Cousteau. My complaint was issued at the general tone of many letters I
have read over the internet.

Further, having acted as scientific advisor for the production and mass
distribution of eductional products, I agree that there are techniques
universal to the production of 'nature films' and other media that could be
improved upon. Conversation generated about such vitiations is helpful and
necessary.
I have no doubt that Dr. Clark is qualified to address these issues.

Regarding the use of anecdotes in the healing process: I too enjoy this
tradition. However, in such circumstances, my personal preference is to
share intimacies that cast a positive light on the given individual.
Perhaps I choose to do this because, if it were my passing that was the
topic of conversation, I would hope to be remembered for my successes. I
would, of course, hope others could learn from my mistakes (and I have made
many). However, mistakes are part of the learning process. We are not
learning we are mourning. Perhaps at this time we should not attempt find
security in making JYC more like us but we should strive to be more like
him.

I do not mean to impose my beliefs on anyone.

Again, my sincerest apologizes to Dr. Clark for any misunderstanding.

Sincerely,

Jamie D. Bechtel

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 27 15:02:08 1997
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Date: Fri, 27 Jun 1997 14:25:24 -0400 (EDT)
From: John F Barimo <jfbarimo@saturn.vcu.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Viva Cousteau
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	JYC definately left a positive impact on my life. It was those
images during his TV show that hooked me on the underwater realm. It was
my involvement with Cousteau's Project Ocean Search that provided a
catylist in my transitition from corporate telecommunications engineering
to biological sciences. I understand the main premise in his work was
that people protect what they love, so he spent his life helping people
fall in love with the ocean. A romantic vision. I can forgive his
claims that the oceans were silent, he prehaps even helped
underwater bioacoustics with that notion.

	Captian Cousteau was a global citizen who openly voiced his
concern for the future generations. A positive role model.
VIVA COUSTEAU!!!!!!

John Barimo
Graduate Student
Virginia Commonwealth University

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jun 29 05:02:32 1997
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Date: Sun, 29 Jun 1997 16:32:26 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
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To: JOHNSTON DAVIDSON <gdjd@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: JYC........
References: <170BFDD5C57@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au>
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JOHNSTON DAVIDSON wrote:
>
> Don,
> I can't believe you actually wrote about Philippe taking Jacque's
> place and then sent this message out around the world attached to an
> advert for your new pavilion. As many of the recipiants of you advert
> will know, Philippe died in 1979, June 28th, ie this anniversary was
> the day after you sent your message.
>
> I'm sure your grief and your intentions are as sincere as everyone elses.
>
> Good luck with your pavilion. You'll find lots of info. by searching for "Cousteau".
> eg http://www.weburbia.com/pg/cousteau.htm
> Also check out the Daddy Dearest article on:
> http://outside.starwave.com/magazine/0396/9603fdad.html

Sorry............to you and all...got my "Cousteau" sons mixed up. I
meant Jean-Michel.

Don

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 2 04:35:53 1997
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K.Soong)
Subject: Seto Marine Laboratory
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Hello:
Does any one know the address of
Seto Marine Laboratory in Japan?
Please drop me a line.

Thank you
Keryea Soong

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 2 18:23:05 1997
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To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Edward Jebreen <jebreee@planet.ari.dpi.qld.gov.au>
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Forwarded to: SMTP[coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov]
 cc:
Comments by: Michael Crosby@DIR@NORM
Comments:

Can anybody out there help Ed with his.....question? Send any responses
directly to Ed.
 -------------------------- [Original Message] -------------------------
Dear Sir,

I am considering purchasing and deploying reef balls as part of an
artificial reef programme and am interested in any (preliminary) results or
advice you may be able to offer me.

Eddie Jebreen

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
| Eddie Jebreen 	 | Email: 		 |
| Fisheries Biologist 	 | jebreee@planet.mh.dpi.qld.gov.au	 |
| Southern Fisheries Centre	 | 			 |
| PO Box 76 		 | ph#: 61 7 3817 9584 		 |
| Deception Bay, Q 4508 	 | 			 |
| Australia 		 | FAX: 61 7 3817 9555 		 |
+----------------------------------------+----------------------------------
--------------------+

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 3 11:43:20 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
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Subject: Down time through weekend.
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>From around 1600 hrs GMT (July 3) until 2300 hrs GMT (July 6), Sunday,
workstation coral.aoml.noaa.gov will be shutdown so that repairs on our
building's air conditioning system may be attended to (temperatures above
30C in this building are detrimental to the operation of workstations).
This means the listservers coral-list, gcrmn and iyor-list will not be
operable; nor will the CHAMP Home Page. I apologize for any inconvenience
this may cause.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee
	Coral Health and Monitoring Program Administrator

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jul 6 19:40:50 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: patriqui@is.dal.ca (David Patriquin)
Subject: Porites furcata
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I recently reexamined epiflora and epifauna at seagrass sites in the
eastern Caribbean that I had first examined in 1969. What I had recognized
then as Porites furcata is still around, but I have not kept up with the
lit. in this area - can anyone direct me to the latest word on the
taxonomic status of Porites porites/P. divaricata, P. furcata? References
to papers on ecology of P. furcata would also be appreciated. Many
thanks. David Patriquin (Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada).

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jul 6 19:50:19 1997
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Message-ID: <00013C77.3204@amsg.austmus.gov.au>
From: lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au (lizard)
Subject: 1998 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellowship
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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 Coral reef researchers:

 This is to announce the call for applications for the 1998 Lizard
 Island Doctoral Fellowship, open to all PhD students undertaking
 field research on coral reefs.

 The successful applicant will be required to undertake a significant
 portion of his/her field work at Lizard Island, which is in the
 northern section of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia.

 *** Applications close on 1 October 1997 ***

 For information about the fellowship, visit our website at:

 http://www.austmus.gov.au/htm/lizfello.htm

 or contact the Lizard Island Research Station directly.

 Please pass this message on to anyone who might be interested.

 Anne Hoggett & Lyle Vail
 Directors

 __________________________________________

 Lizard Island Research Station
 PMB 37
 Cairns QLD 4870
 Australia

 Phone and fax: + 61 (0)70 603977
 lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au
 http://www.austmus.gov.au
 _________________________________________

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jul 6 21:06:48 1997
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From: "Gao Qingxian" <gaoqx@public.east.cn.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: aerosol problem
Date: Sat, 5 Jul 1997 01:59:52 -0000
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Dear: Sr.
 I am a researcher of Center for Climate Impact Research from NEPA of
China. The main aim of our center is to study climate impact on
environment and ecosystem. I am a member of WG II from IPCC of our
government. My task is research about aerosol impact on climate. I want
to learn some newly research results about that. I also hope to contact
with you and to learn some knowledge about aerosol. Recently, I
submitted a proposal to National Environment Protection Agency of China
about aerosol, it is a international cooperation projects. If it is
possible, It will be pleasure for me to cooperate with you or your
group.
	I hope to receive some newly research results about Direct and Indirect
impact of aerosol, especially for manmade(industry) aerosol. If it is
possible, Please mail me some modes about aerosol.
	Best wish to you.
	My address is: An Wai No. 8 Da Yangfang
				 Beijing
				 P.R.China
 100012
 Gao Qingxian

>From - Sat Jul 05 01:27:52 1997
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Date: Sat, 05 Jul 1997 01:27:52 -0700
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Organization: CCIR
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Dear: Sr.
 I am a researcher of Center for Climate Impact Research from NEPA of
China. The main aim of our center is to study climate impact on
environment and ecosystem. I am a member of WG II from IPCC of our
government. My task is research about aerosol impact on climate. I want
to learn some newly research results about that. I also hope to contact
with you and to learn some knowledge about aerosol. Recently, I
submitted a proposal to National Environment Protection Agency of China
about aerosol, it is a international cooperation projects. If it is
possible, It will be pleasure for me to cooperate with you or your
group.
	I hope to receive some newly research results about Direct and Indirect
impact of aerosol, especially for manmade(industry) aerosol. If it is
possible, Please mail me some modes about aerosol.
	Best wish to you.
	My address is: An Wai No. 8 Da Yangfang
				 Beijing
				 P.R.China
 100012
 Gao Qingxian

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 7 09:17:01 1997
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Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 09:39:55 -0200 (GRNLNDDT)
From: Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos <kelmo@ufba.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Ecology of Siderastrea
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	Dear colleagues,

	I would appreciate receiving references and/or reprints on ecology
and distribution of the scleractinian Siderastrea.

	Thanks for your attention.
					Francisco Kelmo.

*******************************************************************
** Francisco Kelmo **
** Laboratorio de Estudos Costeiros **
** Instituto de Geociencias **
** Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus de Ondina **
** Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n. Salvador-Bahia-BRAZIL **
** cep. 40170-290 **
** e-mail:Kelmo@ufba.br **
********************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 7 12:24:59 1997
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Subject: Re: Porites furcata
Date: Mon, 7 Jul 97 11:51:32 -0400
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From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "David Patriquin" <patriqui@is.dal.ca>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Dear David,

I did my dissertation on the Taxonomy of the Poritidae off Belize and
found that the branching species of Porites are in fact different
species. My dissertation used type specimens and a morphmetric approach
(discriminate analysis). My paper was presented at the coral reef
symposium in Panama and will be published in the proceedings. Jameson,
S.C., (in press). Morphometric analysis of the Poritidae (Anthozoa:
Scleractinia) off Belize. Proceedings 8th International Coral Reef
Symposium, Panama.

In another study using Porites off Panama, Ernesto Weil also got similar
results using a genetic/morphometric approach. Weil EFM (1992) Genetic
and morphological variation in Porites 	(Cnidaria, Anthozoa) across the
isthmus of Panama. Unpubl PhD 	diss, Univ of Texas, Austin, 238 pp

Preliminary work by Potts and others using electrophoresis also suggested
the branching species are different species. Potts DC, Budd AF,
Garthwaite RL (1993) Soft tissue vs. skeletal 	approaches to species
recognition and phylogeny reconstruction 	in corals. Cour Forsch-Inst
Senckenberg 164:221-231

Please let me know if you need more details.

>Subject: Porites furcata
>Date: 07/03 2:40 PM
>Received: 07/07 8:05 AM
>From: David Patriquin, patriqui@is.dal.ca
>To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>
>I recently reexamined epiflora and epifauna at seagrass sites in the
>eastern Caribbean that I had first examined in 1969. What I had recognized
>then as Porites furcata is still around, but I have not kept up with the
>lit. in this area - can anyone direct me to the latest word on the
>taxonomic status of Porites porites/P. divaricata, P. furcata? References
>to papers on ecology of P. furcata would also be appreciated. Many
>thanks. David Patriquin (Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada).
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 7 22:45:28 1997
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From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
Cc: David Patriquin <patriqui@is.dal.ca>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Porites furcata
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To add to your list of studies, Nora Goreau showed, in her PhD thesis
(University of the West Indies, 1983) that the three forms had
significantly different post-larval skeletons.

Jeremy Woodley

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 8 01:14:22 1997
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From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk>
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Reef Check Update - July 1997

Our July update has been delayed while we enjoyed the Hong Kong
Handover festivities.

Reef Check 1997 is well under way! The official kick-off organised by
Carl Stepath of SOS took place in Kaua'i on June 14, and was well
attended by scientists, celebrities, media and the interested public.
Thank you Carl! Reef Check teams now number about 150. We have
hired Cheung King Tai to assist with data management and analysis
at Headquarters. Teams which have completed surveys are reminded to
send us the completed Excel data sheets ASAP and not more than
10 days after returning from the field.

The Web site (http://www.ust. /~webrc/reef.html) is regularly being
updated with last-minute registrations. Check out our photo page -
"Faces and Places - Reef Check '97" that shows some of our team
members. Please send us some pictures of your teams. Then we can all
put faces to names!!

****** INDONESIA ******
The Indonesian Ministry of Environment has launched Reef Check in
the Marine National Karimunjawa on June 18, 1997. The first survey
was conducted by 8 volunteers from the University of Diponegore, WWF
Indonesia Programme, IPB, and Sea World. This event was covered by
3 TV stations (RCTI, INDOSIAR and the NHK from Japan), and 3 printed
media. The next reef check will be conducted in Marine National Park
Pulau Seribu, (26-29 June), Pulau Derawan (Kalimantan, 7-12 July),
Taka Bonerate south Sulawesi (15-19 July).
Gayatri Lilley <Glilley@wwfnet.org> Fax: 62-21-739-5907

WWF Bali (Ketut & staff) is planning to organize and conduct Reef Check
surveys at many sites from 20-24 August 1997. As you may already be aware,
some Bali's reefs are over-used (the most intensive use for dive-tourism)
and there are also many sites that are used less intensively. Therefore, we
expect to have at least three good Reef Check sites that represent three levels
of use (very seldom, medium and most intensive use reefs); and this will enable
us to see the different impacts of marine tourism on coral reef ecosystems.
Ketut Sarjana Putra <wwf-bali@denpasar.wasantara.net.id>
Fax: 62-361-242405

****** BRUNEI ******
Reef Check now has a team in Brunei!
We have the support of the Brunei Museum Research Division, the Ministry
of Fisheries and the Universiti of Brunei Darussalam to register with IYOR
Reef Check. Highly qualified scientific researchers and natural historians
from these institutions will serve as the organizing and coordinating committee
for Reef Check Brunei. We intend to provide a survey from several reefs in
Brunei waters as well as a number of unsurveyed reefs. These surveys are planned
for the end of July and August.
Paul Crevello <crevello@ubd.edu.bn> Fax: +673-2-249 502

****** COLOMBIA ******
Our sites in the Marine Park Corales del Rosario can be confirmed, and will
be surveyed in August. The most effort has come from students of the
University Javeriana, I as a professor talking and coordinating with scuba
divers. Before I came here I left television interviews prepared to come out
in national television programs.
Nohora Galvis <ngalvis@javercol.javeriana.edu.co>

****** HAWAII ******
The Second Annual Clean Oceans Conference was a great success.
This year's Conference was dedicated to the preservation of coral reefs.
Robert Kennedy, Jr. was the keynote speaker, with the Governor of
Hawaii, Mr. Ben Cayetano, in attendance. The Mayor of Honolulu, Mr.
Jeremy Harris, and Mayor Kusaka from Kauai also attended, as well as Mr.
Mike Wilson, chairman of the State Department of Land and Natural
Resources. They were joined by many coral reef experts who presented
lectures, Reef Check, and a coral reef monitoring workshop. This is the
only conference in Hawaii focusing exclusively on coral reef protection
and celebrating Oceans Day. For videos of RFK, Jr.'s speech please
contact Save Our Seas at http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/.
Carl Stepath <sos@aloha.net> Fax: (808) 826-7770

****** BARBADOS ******
Regrettably our youth group must withdraw from Reef Check 1997. We
are still short funds to pay for our trip to Barbados to do the survey. The
students have worked very hard over the last few months fundraising,
unfortunately it was not enough. Even though we will not be going to
Barbados we will continue with our coral reef awareness program for 1997.
We will continue to watch the progress of the project and wish all the
participants every success.
Caroline Belgrave <cbelgrav@direct.ca>

****** AMERICAN SAMOA ******
Mike Page, from the Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources in
Pago Pago, has registered a team to survey the reefs in Fagatele Bay,
American Samoa in early July.
Mike Page <dmwr@samoatelco.com> Fax: (684) 633-5944

****** BAHRAIN ******
Roger Uwate from the Directorate of Fisheries in Bahrain has registered
a team for Reef Check, incorporating independent sports divers and divers
from the Bahrain Diving Committee. The sites to be surveyed at the end
of July to the beginning of August are Fasht Al Adhom reef and Abul Thalma.
Roger Uwate <rogeru@batelco.com.bh> Fax: (973) 728-459

****** ISRAEL ******
The date has been set for July 28 as our kick-off. The activities will
include a pre-dive planning day of briefings, and familiarizing everyone
with the goals of the survey, species identification and the checking of
equipment and dive site. And this will be followed by the survey of the
dive sites in Eilat. The dive sites will be at the Coral Garden Nature
Reserve, and possibly at a more heavily frequented site, in order to
compare the impact of divers.

We have been very excited to see how this project has grown, with people
from abroad coming for the survey, and a collection of slides, and species
identification cards are being laminated to help eveyone become more
familiar with Red Sea fish and invertebrates. The Nature Reserve Authority
has been contacted and will be helping on the pre-dive breifings, in
addition to PhD's who will be lecturing on the marine sciences. We will be
conducting all of our survey work in Eilat only, so as to keep the results
of the survey comparable to those of the separate Reef Check groups
surveying in Sinai.
Joe Breman <jbreman@study.haifa.ac.il> Fax: 011-972-4-824-0391

****** PANAMA ******
On the 18th and 25th June, seminars were held at the Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute in Panama. Seminars covered the objectives
of Reefcheck 97 and methodologies to be used in the project.

On 29th of June, 24 divers from Fundacion Oceanica and PROMAR
participated in RC '97 in Panama. Angel Tribaldos, Adolfo Trute and Peter
Collinson were the organisers. Groups surveyed Drake Island, in the
Caribbean, about 2km from Portobelo town. Permanent transects were
established, RC 97 protocol conducted and belt transects videoed on a
digital camera. This video was transfered to Beta format and archived.
Media coverage from the event included the BBC World Service Radio
and local television stations, RPC and Canal Once. Press features and
photographs will be circulated to local newspapers in early July.

In July we aim to survey Buenaventura Reef near Portobelo. This will
occur under the supervision of Angel Tribaldos and Adolfo Trute, as
Peter Collinson will be leaving Panama.
Peter Collinson <collisop@naos.si.edu> Fax: (507) 228-0516

****** HONG KONG ******
Hong Kong Reef Check officially kicks off on July 12 with a survey of the
fringing reefs of the Ninepins Islands. VIP's and media representatives have
been invited to come along and watch the Reef Check teams survey their
first site. Marc Smith-Evans <marcse@asiaonline.net> Fax: (852) 2546-2659

****** AUSTRALIA ******
Reef Check is very pleased to welcome a series of GBR teams led by Andrew
Dunstan and GBRMPA's David Wachenfeld as part of regular Undersea
Explorer expeditions. Operating from Port Douglas, North Queensland, they
will be surveying reefs of the Great Barrier Reef in early August.
Andrew Dunstan <adunstan@ozemail.com.au> Fax: 61 (70) 99-5914

****** JAPAN ******
WWF Japan is organising Reef Check 97. Jack Moyer of Miyaki-Jima has
volunteered to lead one team. Two more teams in Japan have recently registered
for Reef Check. The sites to be surveyed include the Izu Islands and Ishigaki
Island, Okinawa.
Hideo Yamamoto <88982415@people.or.jp> Fax: 04994-6-0458
Tetsuo Itou < nature@din.or.jp> Fax: 81-45-863-0142
Mariko Abe <1004776.1444@compuserve.com> Fax: 81-3-3769-1717

****** PALAU ******
Lori Bell-Colin from the Coral Reef Research Foundation has organised a team
to survey various sites around Koror in July as part of the Reef Check project.
Lori Bell-Colin <crrf@palaunet.com> Fax: 680-488-5513

***************************************************************
We apologize for any errors or omissions of news about your site. Please send
us a brief report on work accomplished in July and planned for August by
1 August for inclusion in the August update. To join Reef Check, please contact
your nearest National or Regional Coordinator listed on the web site, or Reef
Check Headquarters as soon as possible.

Suzie Geermans, Assistant Reef Check Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
Tel: (852) 2358-6906 Fax: (852) 2358-1582
e-mail: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 8 09:42:00 1997
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Message-Id: <199707081252.IAA22651@radagast.wizard.net>
Subject: Re: purple branching Porites
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 97 08:52:17 -0400
x-sender: sjameson@mail.wizard.net
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 2.0, March 15, 1997
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "Siwa-Ban" <sbf@btl.net>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Dear E. McRae,

Thanks for your interesting question regarding the mysterious purple
branching Porites.

I'll put my response out to the list as this would make a very
interesting topic for graduate work in coral taxonomy.

I ran across this specimen in only one location during my field work. I
took a dug-out canoe from Carrie Bow Cay and sailed seaward for what
seemed like an eternity (I guess it was because I was bailing out the
canoe with a coffee can most of the time). It was out at Glovers Reef
(Northwest Cay) in a very shallow water (about 15 cm) calm leeward
environment where I found these specimens. I also collected specimens
that were pale yellow in the same area - with the same growth form.

At first I thought I had Porites branneri because of the purple color and
flat shape but after looking at the corallite characters I noticed the
columella tubercle which P. branneri does not have. I didn't think they
were P. furcata because in Belize they prefer a more high energy reef
flat environment.

Back at the Smithsonian, I did a multivariate discriminate analysis on 10
of these specimens and found that they fall closer to Porites porites
when looking at corallite characters.

Here are the possibilities that cross my mind:

1. These specimens could be juvenile P. porites as they have a flattened
base with just small projecting fingers;

2. They could be older P. porites with a unique growth form shaped by
the very shallow and calm water environment.

3. They could be a new species. It would be interesting to do
electrophoresis or other genetic techniques on them.

Questions for you:

1. What type of environment did you find your specimens in?

2. I would be interested to know if anyone else out there has run across
these specimens?

Thanks again for the question. I look forward to hearing from you.

>Dear Stephen;
>
>I read your comments in coral-list and was curious about the purple
>Porites (also in Belize). Usually this is a very small colony, ie often
>just little stubs projecting above the sand; but sometimes a small colony
>is seen. The largest colonies I've ever observed are no more than 0.5m in
>diameter; most are considerably smaller, unlike the pale green branching
>Porites. The Kaplan guide (1982) calls it P. furcata (a rare purple phase);
>But then why are the green colonies so much bigger if it is the same sp?
>
>E McRae
>The Siwa-ban Foundation
>Caye Caulker
>Belize, C.A.
>sbf@btl.net

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA
Office: 703-754-8690, Fax: 703-754-9139
Email: sjameson@coralseas.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 8 09:42:00 1997
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Subject: Re: purple branching Porites
Date: Tue, 8 Jul 97 08:52:17 -0400
x-sender: sjameson@mail.wizard.net
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 2.0, March 15, 1997
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
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Dear E. McRae,

Thanks for your interesting question regarding the mysterious purple
branching Porites.

I'll put my response out to the list as this would make a very
interesting topic for graduate work in coral taxonomy.

I ran across this specimen in only one location during my field work. I
took a dug-out canoe from Carrie Bow Cay and sailed seaward for what
seemed like an eternity (I guess it was because I was bailing out the
canoe with a coffee can most of the time). It was out at Glovers Reef
(Northwest Cay) in a very shallow water (about 15 cm) calm leeward
environment where I found these specimens. I also collected specimens
that were pale yellow in the same area - with the same growth form.

At first I thought I had Porites branneri because of the purple color and
flat shape but after looking at the corallite characters I noticed the
columella tubercle which P. branneri does not have. I didn't think they
were P. furcata because in Belize they prefer a more high energy reef
flat environment.

Back at the Smithsonian, I did a multivariate discriminate analysis on 10
of these specimens and found that they fall closer to Porites porites
when looking at corallite characters.

Here are the possibilities that cross my mind:

1. These specimens could be juvenile P. porites as they have a flattened
base with just small projecting fingers;

2. They could be older P. porites with a unique growth form shaped by
the very shallow and calm water environment.

3. They could be a new species. It would be interesting to do
electrophoresis or other genetic techniques on them.

Questions for you:

1. What type of environment did you find your specimens in?

2. I would be interested to know if anyone else out there has run across
these specimens?

Thanks again for the question. I look forward to hearing from you.

>Dear Stephen;
>
>I read your comments in coral-list and was curious about the purple
>Porites (also in Belize). Usually this is a very small colony, ie often
>just little stubs projecting above the sand; but sometimes a small colony
>is seen. The largest colonies I've ever observed are no more than 0.5m in
>diameter; most are considerably smaller, unlike the pale green branching
>Porites. The Kaplan guide (1982) calls it P. furcata (a rare purple phase);
>But then why are the green colonies so much bigger if it is the same sp?
>
>E McRae
>The Siwa-ban Foundation
>Caye Caulker
>Belize, C.A.
>sbf@btl.net

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA
Office: 703-754-8690, Fax: 703-754-9139
Email: sjameson@coralseas.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 8 12:36:17 1997
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Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 13:00:13 -0400
To: listser@usgcrp.gov
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: July 10th USGCRP Seminar on "Wetland Losses in the United States: Scope, Causes,
 	 Impacts, and Future Prospects"
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 U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series

 Wetland Losses in the United States:
 Scope, Causes, Impacts, and Future Prospects

>From an historical perspective, what percentage of natural wetlands in the
U.S. have been lost or significantly altered? What portion of wetland
changes have been due to natural forces and what portion due to the direct
and indirect consequences of human activities, including climate change?
What are the implications of wetland losses in terms of the health and
availability of natural resources and ecosystem services to humans and
other species? What is the outlook for the future?

 Public Invited

 Thursday, July 10, 1997, 3:15-4:45 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

Dr. Rosina Bierbaum, Assistant Director for the Environment, White House
Office of Science and Technology Policy, Washington, DC

SPEAKERS

Dr. Mark Schaefer, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Water and Science, U.S.
Department of the Interior, Washington, DC

Dr. Virginia Burkett, Chief, Forest Ecology Branch, National Wetlands
Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior,
Lafayette, LA

OVERVIEW

 America's Wetland Resource

>From an ecological and societal perspective, wetlands are among the most
important natural habitats in the United States. Their importance stems
from aesthetic values like a sense of open space. Wetlands also serve as
ecologically important habitat and spawning grounds for a multitude of fish
and wildlife species. From a societal perspective, wetlands are even more
important for the economic value they provide in the form of sustainable
fisheries, natural flood control, groundwater cleansing and replenishment,
natural cleansing of agricultural and urban runoff, and countless other
services and functions.

Historically, wetlands occupied 11 percent of the surface area of the lower
48 states just 200 years ago. Today they cover about 5 percent of the
surface area. Data from the Fish and Wildlife Service's National Wetlands
Inventory also indicate that interior wetland water regimes are more
numerous than coastal wetlands, although both are uniquely important from
an ecological and social or resource perspective. In its first wetland
report to Congress in 1982, the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) found
that 9.2 million acres of wetlands had been lost nationwide between the
1950s and 1970s. The average annual net loss rate during this time was
458,000 acres annually; 87% of that loss was due to agriculture. In its
second report to Congress in 1991, NWI reported that 2.6 million wetland
acres were lost nationwide between the 1970s and 1980s. The net loss rate
over this interval of time was 290,000 acres annually; agriculture remained
the single largest reason for the loss. In its most recent analysis, NWI
found that the rate of wetland loss continues to decline.

Various federal laws and policies dating from the mid-1800s have encouraged
and facilitated wetland loss. Only in the past 30 years have there been
serious efforts on the part of government to curtail the net annual wetland
loss rate. In recent years, a concerted effort has been directed at
wetland restoration as part of a national goal of "No Net Loss" of wetland
resources. In most instances, resource managers have been successful in
restoring water to the land, but have only been successful about half the
time in replacing all the functions and services provided by the original
wetlands.

 Coastal Wetlands and Global Climate Change

The potential impacts of climate change on wetlands are of great practical
concern. Among the coastal areas of greatest risk in the United States are
those low-lying coastal habitats that are easily eroded and which occur
along the northern Gulf of Mexico and southern Atlantic coasts of the U.S.
These coastal wetlands are especially vulnerable to direct, large-scale
impacts of climate change, primarily because of their sensitivity to sea
level rise.

Observational records indicate that sea level has already risen between 10
and 25 cm globally, over the past 100 years. In addition, the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1995) has projected a sea level
rise of 15-95 cm as a consequence of global warming. Sea level rise will
also increase the depth of coastal waters and increase inland and upstream
salinity intrusion, both of which affect fresh and brackish-water wetlands.
While the influence of global warming on the frequency and intensity of
storm events is uncertain, sea-level rise alone has the potential for
increasing the severity of storm surges, particularly in areas where
coastal habitats and barrier shorelines are rapidly deteriorating. These
direct consequences of global-and regional-scale changes will increase the
vulnerability of coastal wetlands (including mangrove and salt marshes)
which are already heavily impacted by human activities.

Predicted changes in sea level will also dramatically alter the community
composition and aerial coverage of submerged aquatic seagrass beds. Field
studies off the coasts of Mississippi and Louisiana have shown, for
example, that barrier island overwash events are a major determinant
of seagrass community composition in the Chandeleur Sound, which
contains some of the largest grassbeds in the Gulf region. Because different
species of seagrass support different organisms, changes in the
composition of seagrasses will be felt at every level of the food web,
which includes shellfish, finfish, waterfowl (particularly redhead ducks,
which depend almost entirely on seagrasses for their winter diet), and people.
Farther inland, salinity intrusion becomes more important than disturbance
in controlling the species in submerged grassbeds. Some species have a higher
tolerance to salt water and will quickly outcompete those that are salt
intolerant. Other species may be completely eliminated, or may possibly
be displaced inland depending on the rate at which sea level rises.
Most of the southeastern coastal zone is highly developed, however, and the
inland migration of seagrassses and salt marshes will be prevented in many
areas by the existing infrastructure of roads, seawalls, and other human
constructions.

Analyses of sites in five coastal states indicate that many marshes and
mangrove ecosystems receive adequate mineral sediments to produce enough
organic sediment and root material to remain above sea level at the present
rate of sea level rise (1-2 mm per year globally). However, three of the
twelve wetlands studied were not keeping pace with the current rate of
sea-level rise. If sea-level rise accelerates, some additional sites would
also begin to slowly deteriorate and submerge. In some areas, the sinking
or subsidence of the marsh system, coupled with human development, is the
major cause of wetland loss.

In Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina, submergence and/or salt water
intrusion have been implicated in the decline in productivity, and death, of
certain coastal forests. However, restoration of salinity-impacted baldcypress
swamps, for example, may be possible by cultivating more salt-tolerant
strains of baldcypress. Studies in Texas have also shown that changes in
global climate would affect bottomland hardwood forests and other forests
of the coastal plain by possibly influencing patterns of disturbances, such as
fires or storms, and by altering the regional moisture balance. Such
changes would affect resources in both preserved and commercial forests of
the coastal plain.

Model simulations of the combined influence of sea level rise, storms, and
floods suggest that large areas of the southeastern United States could be
converted from coastal marsh to open water, and from forest to marsh.
Hurricane model simulations also suggest that if hurricanes or the effects of
hurricanes become more intense over the next century, wetland community
structure and composition would be altered. For example, historical
simulations suggest that the occurrence of major hurricanes is the most
important factor controlling mangrove community dynamics.

 Biographies

Dr. Mark Schaefer is presently the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Water and
Science at the U.S. Department of the Interior, where he works on policy
issues related to the work of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of
Reclamation. From 1993 to 1995, he served as Assistant Director for
Environment in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy,
where he was responsible for a variety of domestic environmental science,
technology, and education issues. In this capacity he led the
Administration's initiative to develop a national environmental technology
strategy, an 18-month effort to achieve a broad national consensus on
approaches to advancing the development, commercialization, and application
of these technologies. He has also served as co-leader of an
Administration effort to interact with the private sector and the states to
develop a national blueprint for environmental education. In addition, he
worked on a range of regulatory science issues, chairing the Risk
Assessment Subcommittee of the Committee on the Environment and Natural
Resources, a group charged with better coordinating approaches to
evaluating risk within the federal government.

Dr. Schaefer previously served for three years as Senior Staff Associate
and Director of the Washington Office of the Carnegie Commission on
Science, Technology, and Government, where he contributed to a number of
studies related to environmental and science policy. He was a staff member
at the then-Congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) from
1987-1989, first as a Congressional Science Fellow and then as project
director of OTA's study of the effects of toxic substances on the nervous
system. For five years beginning in 1988, he taught an environmental
policy seminar for Stanford University's "Stanford in Washington" program.
A biologist by training, he received a B.A. degree from the University of
Washington, and a Ph.D. degree from Stanford University. After completing
his undergraduate degree in 1977, he worked for five years in the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research and Development.

Dr. Virginia Burkett is Chief of the Forest Ecology Branch at the National
Wetlands Research Center (NWRC) of the Department of the Interior, where
she has worked since1990. She supervises a team of forest scientists,
ecologists and computer modelers who conduct research related to the
ecology, management and restoration of forested wetlands. Her expertise
includes wetland forest ecology and restoration, coastal wetland ecology,
coastal management and wildlife/fisheries management. Her current
research involves bottomland hardwood regeneration in frequently flooded
sites of the Mississippi River floodplain. Dr. Burkett also coordinates NWRC's
Global Change Research Program. Prior to her work at NWRC, she served
as Secretary/Director of the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries
(1988-90), having previously served as Deputy Director (1984-85). Prior
to those appointments, she directed the Louisiana Coastal Zone Management
Program and served as Assistant Director of the Louisiana Geological Survey
for 5 years.

Dr. Burkett has been appointed to several boards and commissions during her
22-year career, including the Louisiana Forestry Commission, the Gulf of
Mexico Fishery Management Council, the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission,
and the Louisiana Seafood Marketing Board. She was elected Vice President
of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies in 1989. During
1988-1990, she co-chaired the Louisiana Oil Spill Task Force and chaired the
Louisiana Artificial Reef Council. From 1991-93, she was chairman of the 130-
member Consortium for Research on Southern Forested Wetlands. She is a
member of the Board of Directors of the Louisiana Wildlife Federation, and
also currently holds a Visiting Professorship at Stephen F. Austin State
University, where she teaches a course on professionalism and ethics.

Dr. Burkett received her master's degree in botany from Northwestern State
University (1975) and her doctoral degree in forestry (D.F.) from Stephen
F. Austin State University (1996).

 The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, September 15, 1997

Planned Topic: Model Projections of the Climate Response to the Long-Term
 Buildup of CO2

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, Code
YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax:
(202) 358-4103 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 8 12:58:12 1997
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Date: Mon, 7 Jul 1997 21:17:46 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: mattia@cbl.cees.edu (Christopher M. Mattia)
Subject: Sea Grant Funded Coral Projects List...
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Recently I posted my comprehensive listing of Coral Reef Related
Publications Funded by the National Sea Grant College Program, I have also
now added a listing to my home page that has all coral reef related
projects currently being funded by the National Sea Grant Office. A simlar
listing for projects funded by the National Undersea Research Program
(NURP) will be posted in the near future as soon as it is finished being
converted to html.

I have also posted the final paper to my Senior Thesis at St. Mary's
College of Maryland "A Non-Destructive Spectrophotographic Method of
Assessing Relative Changes in Coral Health Utilizing Induced Fluorescence"
on my home page as well. I am still working on converting the graphics to
the paper, but they will be posted soon.

All of these reports can be found on the projects NEW URL:

 http://www.cbl.umces.edu/~mattia/SMProject

I am currently searching for Graduate Programs in the area of Coral Reef
Ecology so if any of you have any suggestions for me you can contact me
directly via e-mail: mattia@cbl.umces.edu

Thanks,
Chris

Christopher M. Mattia
12016 Dusty Hoof Rd
Lusby MD 20657

Voice Mail: (301) 510-6925
FAX: Call Voice Mail First!!!
mattia@cbl.umces.edu
http://www.cbl.umces.edu/~mattia/SMProject/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 8 23:43:19 1997
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Date: Wed, 9 Jul 1997 09:33:31 +1100
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From: lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au (lizard)
Subject: 1998 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellowship (again)
To: ACRS-list@jcu.edu.au, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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 The address of our web page has changed. For information about the
 1998 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellowship, please see:

 http://www.austmus.gov.au/science/projects/lizard/lizfello.htm

 The closing date for applications is 1 October 1997.

________________________________________________________________

Anne Hoggett, Director
Lizard Island Research Station
PMB 37
Cairns QLD 4870
Australia

Phone and fax: + 61 (0)70 603977
lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au
http://www.austmus.gov.au/science/projects/lizard/index.htm
____________________________________________________________

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 9 13:29:08 1997
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Date: Wed, 9 Jul 1997 12:40:47 -0400
From: Alice Fenner <110115.311@compuserve.com>
Subject: purple Porites
To: Coralist <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Coralist,
 I reported a purple Porites that may be the same as the message
indicated had been found in Belize; I reported them from Cozumel (Mexico),
Little Cayman, and Cayman Brac in the ref's below, as "Porites branneri".
One small specimen was deposited in the Smithsonian, another at Harvard
Comparative Zoology. I had also seen them in the lagoon of Grand Cayman.
I told Paul Humann about the ones at Grand Cayman, and he photographed them
and put the photo in his book, Reef Coral Identification, as Porites
branneri.

Fenner, D.P. 1988. Some leeward reefs and corals of Cozumel, Mexico.
Bull. Mar. Sci. 42: 133-144.
Fenner, D.P. 1993. Some reefs and corals of Roatan (Honduras), Cayman
Brac, and Little Cayman. Atoll Res. Bull. 388: 1-30.

-Doug Fenner
110115.311@compuserve.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 9 22:42:21 1997
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Date: Wed, 09 Jul 1997 21:59:35 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ernesto weil <eweil@caribe.net>
Subject: plastified paper
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I am trying to find a place or company where to purchase a plastified paper
(used mostly in cartography) that is the best I have used for underwater
data collection. This is a transparent, finelly reticulated plastified
drafting film. The brand is K&E Ethalon and its was made in England many
years ago. If some body has information on this or on a similar product,
please share. Thank you for your cooperation,

Ernesto Weil, Ph.D.
UPR-RUMAC
Dept. Marine Sciences
Puerto Rico.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 9 23:02:56 1997
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Date: 	Thu, 10 Jul 1997 10:26:24 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
Organization: Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
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Subject: Japanese IYOR/Reef Check URL
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Japanese URL for IYOR/Reef Check is as follows;

http://www.people.or.jp/~nature/IYORWWFJ/

Mariko Abe
WWF Tokyo
For additional info reply to: <100476.1444@CompuServe.COM>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 10 11:53:16 1997
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Date: 10 Jul 1997 10:00:35 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: NOAA Sea Grant Positions
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "Recipients of MarBio List" <marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>,
 "Faculty at all MEES" <mees-faculty@umail.umd.edu>
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 Subject: Time: 9:45 AM
 NOAA Sea Grant Positions Date: 7/10/97

The following is forwarded for your information. For more details check with
the sources listed. I have no further information.

 -------------------------- [Original Message] -------------------------
The following vacancy announcements are posted. Please help us in
distributing these job openings as broadly as possible. Thank you.

The National Sea Grant College Program Office, NOAA, Department of Commerce,
in Silver Spring, MD, has two openings:

Program Director, Sea Grant Extension. Provides leadership, direction and
management of the Sea Grant extension programs. Provides oversight of the
national, university-based network of Sea Grant extension programs and
develops cooperative activities with appropriate government programs, non-
governmental organizations, and industry extension partners. Represents Sea
Grant's extension and outreach interests within NOAA and serves as liaison to
other federal agencies, universities and the Congress. Includes program
officer and grants administration responsibilities, including oversight and
evaluation of university-based research and outreach programs. Provides
leadership to members of Outreach Team overseeing the functions of
communications and education programs as well as marine extension programs.

Advanced degree in technical or scientific fields appropriate to marine
extension is desirable (marine biology, fisheries science, engineering,
marine ecology, marine affairs or marine related social sciences);
outreach/extension experience and experience working with academic
institutions is highly desirable. Experience in federal grant negotiation
desirable.

Salary: $64,555 to $98,714 (dependent on experience and qualifications).
Location: Silver Spring, Maryland.

Application Address:
NOAA/HRMO/ OFA45
OAR/HRD, VA# H/OAR/970020.RAW
1315 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910

ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED BY AUGUST 31, 1997. The complete Vacancy
Announcement is posted on the NOAA WWW site at
http://www.rdc.noaa.gov/~webvas/gs040114.rw1.

Research Program Officer. Provides leadership to Sea Grant research
activities, including program development and evaluation. Develops
cooperative activities with appropriate government programs, non-governmental
organizations, and industry partners. Represents Sea Grant's research
interests within NOAA and serves as liaison to other federal agencies,
universities and the Congress. Includes state program officer and grants
administration responsibilities, including oversight and evaluation of
university-based research and outreach programs.

Advanced degree in technical or scientific field appropriate to coastal,
Great Lakes, and marine resource issues is desirable; experience working with
academic institutions is highly desirable. Experience in federal grant
negotiation desirable. Position will be classified as either Biological
Scientist (marine or aquatic biology, marine or aquatic ecology, fisheries
science) or Physical Scientist (oceanography, marine chemistry, engineering);
APPLICANT MUST INDICATE ONE OR THE OTHER CLASSIFICATION WHEN APPLYING.

Salary: $64,555 to $83,922 (dependent on experience and qualifications).
Location: Silver Spring, Maryland.

Application Address:
(For Biological Scientist) (For Physical
Scientist)
NOAA/HRMO/ OFA45 NOAA/HRMO/ OFA45
OAR/HRD, VA# H/OAR/970022.RAW OAR/HRD, VA# H/OAR/970021.RAW
1315 East-West Highway 1315 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910 Silver Spring, MD 20910

ALL APPLICATIONS MUST BE RECEIVED BY AUGUST 31, 1997. The complete Vacancy
Announcement is posted on the NOAA WWW site at
http://www.rdc.noaa.gov/~webvas/gs130114.rw1 (for Physical Scientist), or
http://www.rdc.noaa.gov/~webvas/gs040114.rw1 (for Biological Scientist).

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 10 13:46:10 1997
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To: International Year of the Reef <iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: availability of visual aids in the wider Caribbean?
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, caribb_study@admin1.bc.edu
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With apologies to anyone who has already seen this message on another list:

The Education Office of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute is
developing a small "treasure chest" of educational materials to travel with
the "Nuestros Arrecifes/Unidos por el Caribe: Our Reefs/Caribbean
Connections" reef exhibit.

Anyone who resides in the wider Caribbean is invited to help us become
better informed about what kinds of visual aids are readily available to
teachers, reef managers, NGOs, scientists, etc., by answering a few
questions that are given below. Please respond directly to me at:
 jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
______________________________________________________
1. Do you have access to a reliable source of electricity, for at least a
few hours each day, at a location that could be used for public outreach
education?

 If the answer to 1 is yes, which of the following can you easily access
2. a video monitor and a VHS player?

3. a 35 mm slide projector and a projecting screen?

4. an overhead projector and a projecting screen?

5. Please rank the following kinds of visual aids in terms of your
preference for their use for public outreach education in your area:
 books, brochures (= pamphlets), overheads, posters, slides, videos

6. Space here for other comments:

______________________________________________________

Many advance thanks for your help! Yours sincerely,
Judy Lang
Texas Memorial Museum
jlang@curly.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 11 12:11:02 1997
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Date: Fri, 11 Jul 1997 10:47:54 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Frank Muller-Karger (U. South FLorida / Marine Sci.)" <carib@marine.usf.edu>
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Subject: FINAL ANNOUNCEMENT. MarCUBA'97. September 16/20 1997. (fwd)
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 11 Jul 1997 00:39:57 -0500
From: Sergio Cerdeira Estrada <cerdeira@infomed.sld.cu>
To: carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu
Subject: FINAL ANNOUNCEMENT. MarCUBA'97. September 16/20 1997.

4th Congress on Marine Sciences

Marcuba '97

Cooperation in Marine Sciences
 for a Sustainable Resource Management

16-20 September, 1997
Havana International Conference Center

Dear Colleague,

Cuba's National Oceanographic Committee (CON) is pleased to announce that
the 4th Congress on Marine Sciences will be held at the Havana
International Conference Center, on September 16-20, 1997, under the
title Cooperation in Marine Sciences for a Sustainable Resource
Management.

The meeting is expected to bring together scientists and managers involved
in marine sciences, services and technologies as well as educators,
sociologists, economists, businessmen, policy-makers and anyone
interested in promoting and integrating marine scientific research to
sustainable development. To this end, the Congress' aims are:

1.	To facilitate the exchange of knowledge and opinions related to
scientific research and technological advances in marine sciences and
services, identifying their current status and level and their
rightful role in economic and social development;

2.	To determine actions providing for better, increased international
cooperation that will take us closer to our common goal of
sustainable management of our marine and coastal resources; and

3.	To provide a suitable forum for debate and experience-sharing on the
development of indigenous capabilities in order to integrate marine
sciences to natural resource management policies, thus contributing
to the sustainable socio-economic development of the countries in the
region.

Sponsors

	National Oceanographic Committee
	Cuban Society of Marine Sciences
	Cuba's National Aquarium
	Fishing Research Center
	Marine Research Center
	Institute of Oceanology
	GEOCUBA Business Group
	Center for Environmental Engineering and Management of Bays (CIMAB)

Participants

The Congress is expected to be attended by specialists, officials and
executives from scientific and service institutions, universities,
governmental bodies and organizations, non governmental
organizations, international and national cooperation agencies
related to the sea world and by representatives of the private and
industrial sectors.

Sessions on Specific Topics

1. Integrated Management of Coastal Areas

Concept and methodologies for the integrated management of coastal
ecosystems. Assessment of environmental impact. Maritime tourism as
a way of development and its impact on coastal ecosystems. Impact of
urban and industrial development on coastal areas.

2.	Management of Marine Resources and Conservation of Marine
Biodiversity

Current status of and prospects for local and regional fisheries. The Rio
Conference guidelines on the precautionary approach to the
exploitation of marine resources. Projections and prospects for fish
farming in developing countries. Conservation of marine
biodiversity.

3.	Ocean Processes and Global Change

Ocean-atmosphere interactions. Hydrological and hydrochemical circulation
and regimes. Ocean processes as related to global change. Global
change and its incidence on marine biodiversity. Relationship
between ocean processes and sea and ocean productivity. Global Ocean
Observing System.

4.	Marine Biotechnology

Projections and prospects for research and development in the field of
bioremediation, medicine and energy. Biotechnology for the
protection of the environment and resources. Marine bioactive
compounds.

5.	Marine Aquariology

Thematic and scientific projections; current and future development.
Technological support infrastructure and modern architecture in the
maintenance of live marine organisms. Current trends and prospects
in aquariums and their role in environmental education and management
of marine biodiversity. Aquariums: exhibition-education. Live
nature and use of artificial elements.

6.	Marine Mammals

Systems and methods for the effective handling and care of marine
mammals held in captivity (and semi-captivity). Training techniques
and regime of activities. Preventive and healing clinical and
veterinary care. Biological and population studies: design,
methodology and results.

Professional Program

The Professional Program includes master lectures, selected keynote
lectures round tables, workshops and presentation of posters, all
related to the main topics of the Congress.

The Organizing Committee is presently finalizing the program. Therefore,
the exact titles of different activities will be released after
abstracts of papers are sent by contributing authors.

Master Lectures

A number of prestigious guest speakers will deliver lectures on the
following subjects:

 Integrated Management of Coastal Zones

 Marine Biodiversity in Cuba. Current Knowledge and Conservation

 Fisheries: Scientific Research and Management

 Marine Resources, Scientific Research and Sustainable Development

 Oceans and Climate Change

 Beach Erosion Processes. Alternatives for Recovery and Management

 Prospects for the Development of Marine Biotechnology in Latin America

 Pollution of bays and coastal zones

 Marine Aquariums: Science, Conservation and Education

Keynote Lectures

 Influence of land-based sources in the quality of coastal areas
 Dr. Liuba Chabalina (CIMAB, Cuba)

 Pollution: A problem affecting Cuba's coasts
 Dr. Humberto Gonzalez (CIMAB, Cuba)

 Marine biodiversity and sustainable development of the Sabana-Camaghey
Archipelago
 Dr. Pedro Alcolado Menendez (Institute of Oceanology, Cuba)

 Biodiversity and biogeography in the Caribbean region
 Dr. Ana Maria Suarez (Marine Research Center, Cuba)

 Endangered marine species
 Dr. Manuel Ortiz (Marine Research Center, Cuba)

 Coral bleaching in the Cuban shelf.
Lic. N. Capetillo and Lic. C. Carrodeguas (GEOCUBA)

 Coral reefs: Biodiversity and conservation
 (Marine Research Center, Cuba)

 Marine algae culture. The case for Cuba
 Dr. Arsenio Areces (Institute of Oceanology, Cuba)

 Circulation in Cuba's north coast.
Ing. J. L. Viamontes (GEOCUBA)

 Hydrology of straits in the Northwestern Caribbean sea
 Dr. Artemio Gallegos (UNAM, Mexico) and Mr. Ivn Victoria
(Institute of Oceanology, Cuba)

 Biological indicators in oceanographic processes in the Inter-American sea
 Mr. Roberto Perez de los Reyes (Institute of Oceanology, Cuba)

 Bioremediation in the marine environmental protection
 Dr. Mario Villaverde (Institute of Oceanology, Cuba)

 Use of marine microorganisms in oil biodegradation
 Mrs. Isabel N. Joseph (Institute of Oceanology, Cuba)

 Bioavailability of nutrients for shrimp feeding
 Dr. Olimpia Carrillo (Marine Research Center, Cuba)

 Application of molecular techniques in determining marine species
populations of economic importance
Dr. Georgina Espinosa (Marine Research Center, Cuba)

Lecturers will be given 30 min. for presentation and 15 min. for debates.

Round Tables

 Don Felipe Poey Aloy and the Cuban ichthyology
 Coordinators: University of Havana

 Integrated Management of Coastal Zones. Relationship between
research and management
 Coordinators: Dr. Gaspar Gonzalez, Dr. Pedro Alcolado, Antonio Villasol,
 Angel Chirino (Cuba)

 Integrated management of heavily urbanized and industrialized areas
 Coordinators: Dr. Liuba Chabalina, Dr. Humberto Gonzalez, Felix Palacios,
Ileana Diaz, Antonio Villasol (Cuba)

 Sustainable development of maritime tourism
 Coordinators: Dr. Juan Pablo Garca, Angel Chirino and Rene Garca
Galocha (Cuba)

 Precautionary approach in the exploitation of marine resources
 Coordinators: Dr. Dalia Salabarra, Carlos Hernndez Corujo (Cuba)

 Impact of global changes on the marine environment
 Coordinators: Marcelino Hernndez, Nelson Melo, Jorge Viamontes (Cuba)

 Marine bioactive compounds. Prospects and strategy for research and
development
 Coordinators: Dr. Justo Prez, Dra. Mara de los Angeles Chvez (Cuba)

 Marine environment education
 Coordinators: Mayda Montolio, Dr. Mara E. Ibarra (Cuba)

 Legislation and legal framework in the management of marine resources
		Coordinators: Lic. Teresa Cruz (Cuba)

Workshops

 Environmental Impact Assessment in coastal zones and cays (Methodologies)
Coordinators:Miriam Arce, Juan C. Martnez, Mara Elena de la Guardia,
			MSc., Angel Chirino, Arnaldo Carrasco (Cuba)

 Regional integration and databases of the Inter-American sea
Coordinators: 	Dr. Artemio Gallegos (UNAM, Mexico), Iv<n Victoria
(Institute of Oceanology, Cuba)

Presentation of Posters

Interested authors may present papers on the topics selected for sessions or
on the following:

1.	Marine Biology and Ecology
2.	Fisheries Biology and marine aquaculture
3.	Marine Pollution and the health of the Environment
4.	Physical and Chemical Oceanography
5.	Marine Geology and Geophysics
6.	Marine Biotechnology
7.	Marine Information: Services and Products
8.	Marine Technologies (remote sensing, instruments, etc.)
9.	Environmental Impact Assessment
10. Coastal Dynamics and Engineering
11.	Marine Sciences and Technologies in Decision-Making
12.	Socio-economic Value of the Marine and Coastal Environment
13.	Application of scientific research on, and systematic observations of, the marine and coastal environment to its sustainable management

The MARCUBA '97 Scientific Committee will decide on the form of
presentation (oral or poster) of contributed papers.

Call for Papers

Abstract Presentation Format.
 Title.
 Author(s)
 Institution, address, city and country.
 A 300-words abstract, 1.5 space typed on a 205 x 280 mm sheet of paper,
leaving a 2-cm margin on four sides.
 Abstracts should be sent to the Organizing Committee by July 31, 1997.

Original papers should be submitted on 205 x 280 mm sheet of paper, leaving
a 2-cm margins on all sides, written 1.5 spaced. They should be
accompanied by a copy on a diskette (IBM-compatible Word or
WordPerfect 5.1 text processors). It should be used Arial 10 pt. type
letter Contributed papers should not exceed 8 pages, including
annexes, tables and graphics. Original Papers to be considered for
the Electronic Proceedings, should be sent to the Organizing
Committee by September 20, 1997.

Posters should be 0.95 wide and up to 1.5 m high. They should include:
introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion and
conclusions.

The Scientific Committee will notify authors of the acceptance of their
papers and the form of presentation, without prejudice to the
applicant's participation as delegate.

Working Languages

The working languages at MARCUBA '97 will be Spanish and English.

Registration Fees

 Participant:	US $250.00

Participants who register 30 days before the beginning of the Congress
through one of the Havana International Conference Center's
representative agencies (listed in this brochure) will be offered the
following services:  promotional registration fee of US $200.00 
information and advice on the program  delivery of and confirmation
of accepted papers  visa granting
 plane ticket reservation
 booking of optional tours and excursions

Any mail and information requests may be addressed to:

Argelia Fernandez
Secretaria Ejecutiva
IV Congreso de Ciencias del Mar
Calle 18-A No. 4114 e/41 y 47
Playa, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
Tel.: 	(537) 29-6014
Fax: 	(537) 24'9987
E-mail: argelia@cidea.unepnet.inf.cu

Alicia Garca
Palacio de Convenciones de La Habana
Calle 146 e/ 11 y 13, Rpto. Cubanac<n, Playa
C.P. 16046, La Habana, Cuba
Tel.:	(537) 22-6011 through 19, ext.1514
Fax:	(537) 22-8382/21-8270/21-9496

4th Congress on Marine Sciences
Registration Form

Name: -----------------------------------------------------------------

Surname: -------------------------------------------------------------

Profession: -----------------------------------------------------------

Institution: ------------------------------------------------------------

Address: --------------------------------------------------------------

City: ----------------------- Country: ------------------------------

Tel: --------------------------------- FAX: -------------------------

E-Mail: ---------------------------------------------------------------

I will present a paper: ------ Yes ------- No

Title of paper: ---------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jul 12 14:11:06 1997
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Date: Sat, 12 Jul 1997 07:45:47 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: Diver needs advice re. measuring sediment
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Aloha CORALers,

Every summer my husband and I visit Maui, Hawaii to dive a site that a
community of Hawaiian green sea turtles calls home. We have made over a
thousand dives here and have watched helplessly the deterioration of the
reefs in this area.

On any day three out of four turtles you'll see here have fibropapilloma
tumours (a disease that is now a major threat to the recovery of this
threatened species). Of the surviving resident animals (turtles we have
known since the early 90's) over 90% have or have had the disease.

Scientists are working hard to determine the etiology and ultimately the
cure for fibropapilloma disease. Progress however is limited by funding...

>From 1977 (when I first visited this dive site) to 1988, the corals and
reefs here were topnotch. In fact, this area was listed as a Top Ten Maui
snorkelling site.

1989 saw the first Cladophora algae bloom. By 1990 many of the corals in
the area had been browned and smothered. From that year on, such seaweeds
as Hypnea musciformis dominated and underwater our area had a vegetative
fuzz growing on any hard substrate including the many corals which were now
just browned fuzzy lumps.

1991 had the worst Cladophora bloom ever and in 1993 after a torrential
rain, the rich soils of West Maui got washed into the ocean leaving a red
smear all the way out to the 50 foot depths (five miles up and down the
coast).

All through that time (1988-1993) we dived with the turtles and watched the
prevalence of disease go from one out of four to its present levels.

For more information please see: http://www.turtles.org/honohist.htm

Since we arrived at the end of June, every single dive has been murky and
there is red silt over much of the bottom. I've been told they've had a
rainy spring and I believe them. It has rained the last few days and on
one dive (we do two dives a day rain or not), we actually SAW a wall of red
come down from the north (upcurrent).

Over a summer my husband and I will get separated about three times. We've
already managed that number because of the haze and poor visibility.
They're putting in a new development just across the street and the soil
there is exposed. Above that are three open red fields waiting for
pineapple to be planted.

Today there is a slight swell and it has removed the Hypnea from the beach.
 When that happens the stuff gets pulled out to 30 foot depths and gets
trapped on the reefs. But it also means the sediment on the ocean floor
now gets barfed up into the water...ensuring murky diving.

Yes, I know we could move to cleaner places. Either area to the north and
south of us has excellent diving. But we aren't here for the diving -- we
are here for the turtles. They can't up and move like we can. They get to
live in this soup all the time. There is an OBSESSIVE need to know how
they're faring from year to year.

At our site is the largest oldest turtle we have ever seen. He's been
resident to the area since at least 1992 and he was old even then. He's
OLD as AIR! No one knows how old "old" is for a sea turtle. Well Zeus has
developed fibropapilloma tumours in the last 10 months since we saw him
last! Imagine. ALL his life free from the disease and now he too is a
victim.

If the disease runs its course, this grand patriarch will die from it.

For more information on Zeus see: http://www.turtles.org/zeus.htm

All we get to do is watch these turtles contract the disease, get sicker
and then "disappear". Oh we can photograph/videotape the conditions here
but it doesn't seem to be enough. And here is why I have come to you.

We had "sediment rain" again yesterday. This one seemed to come OFF the
ocean floor and then envelope us. The turtles' shells get reddish and we
get this soil taste through our regulators.

We are now at a stage where we want to QUANTIFY the amount of sediment here
but we are both laypeople and don't know where to begin. We thought of
just bringing jars out to various sections along our dive site and leaving
them there for the year til our return in '98. We thought of buying an
aquarium type net and dragging that along on one dive just to get an idea
of how much silt is in the water.

If the cost is not too prohibitive we would be prepared to order REAL
equipment from a scientific supply house. It is just we don't know the
best thing to use. Any advice on "drift sediment" measuring for both short
and long term is MUCH needed and would be really appreciated.

Also, if you know of any areas where there is a high rate of fibropapilloma
disease among the resident turtles I want to hear about it. We are keeping
records of such sites.

At this time I also want to thank James Hendee and NOAA for providing and
maintaining this mailing list. I learn a lot monitoring it and benefit
greatly when I do need to leave a message here.

Mahalo for reading this and aloha
------------------------------------------------------
 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@turtles.org
 /V^\ /^V\
 /V Turtle Trax V\ http://www.turtles.org
 / \
When you study members of another species, when you
habituate them in the wild, when you begin to understand
the intimate details of their private lives, and then
you learn that the population or whole group is sliding
towards extinction, what do you do? In good conscience,
you must defend them...
 \ /
 / \ / \ --- Birute M.F. Galdikas
 /__| V |__\

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 14 12:38:54 1997
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Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 11:30:19 -0400
From: Liliana Botcheva <lbotcheva@worldbank.org>
Subject: carrying capacity of coral reefs
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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July 11 1997

I am writing with a request for information on coral reef carrying capacity
and studies on the impact of tourism on coral reef condition.

I am conducting research on the carrying capacity and management of coral
reefs in the Gulf of Aqaba in relation to developing a Gulf of Aqaba
Environmental Management Plan for Egypt. I shall be very grateful for any
materials and references pertaining to the question of coral reef carrying
capacity with respect to different uses. Any specific studies on coral
reef conditions in the Gulf of Aqaba; ecological pressures; and the impact
of expanding tourism in the region will be especially valuable to me.

Thanks to all for your help.

Sincerely,
Liliana Botcheva

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 15 09:07:02 1997
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 08:48:31 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Postdoctoral position at NCEAS
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FYI...

Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 12:05:19 -0700
From: postapp@NCEAS.UCSB.EDU
Subject: Postdoctoral position at NCEAS

POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT
Post-Doctoral Position
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
University of California at Santa Barbara

Consideration of applications begins July 15, 1997 and will continue
until position is filled.

The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
invites applications for a postdoctoral position. The applicant will
work both independently and collaboratively with a working group on
"The ecological and evolutionary dynamics of species borders".

The working group will focus on theoretical studies of species' range
limits, the integration of theoretical models with empirical patterns,
and the blending of ecological and evolutionary perspectives.
Participants in the working group included empiricists with large
cross-species distributional datasets, statisticians developing methods
to estimate range limits and spatial relations, mathematical theorists
developing spatially-explicit models of species distributions along
gradients, experimentalist focusing on the mechanisms underlying
particular range limits, and evolutionary biologists concerned with
evolution along gradients and in marginal populations.

This group expects to address a number of related questions about
species borders, such as the following: Over what time-scales are range
limits observed to be stable, or quasi- stable? What models
(statistical and dynamic) best describe abundance profiles? How often
are range edges, abrupt, versus diffuse or fractal? Are there broad
empirical generalizations about the proximate factors limiting
distributional expansion and defining the 'shape' of species' borders,
or is each species a special case? What is the relation between
spatial variation in environmental factors leading to range limits
population dynamics, and spatial variation in selection? Can
coevolutionary dynamics lead to stable range limits? How does the
genetic basis of characters (e.g. major gene vs. quantitative)
influence the shape and stability of species' borders?

Suitable candidates could potentially be concerned with any of these
areas or questions. We encourage applications from both theoreticians
and empiricists, however, preference will be given to individuals with
strong mathematical and computational backgrounds and research
expertise relevant to the analysis of species' borders. It is expected
that the successful candidate will have a demonstrable commitment to
the blending of ecological and evolutionary perspectives, the empirical
testing of theory, and collaborative research. The successful candidate
will carry out research related broadly to the aims of the working
group, and will also work closely with the working group leader, Dr.
Robert Holt, in organizing the activities of the working group (e.g.,
preparation for meetings; editing synthetic publications).

For more information on this working group, consult the Research
section of NCEAS web site (http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu).

The position is funded for a two-year period commencing in August or
September 1997 and all work will be conducted at NCEAS in Santa
Barbara.

Applicants should hold a Ph.D. in an appropriate discipline (or the
Ph.D. should be completed by the beginning of the postdoctoral
position) and have a strong background in one or more of the following
areas: ecology, biogeography, evolutionary biology, ecological
modeling, spatial analysis.

Applicants will send a letter of application with a statement of
research interest, copies of publications, a CV, and the names (with
email addresses) of three referees. Applications should have Species
Borders as the subject field and should be directed to
postapp@nceas.ucsb.edu or by mail to:

Frank Davis, Deputy Director
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
735 State Street, Suite 300
Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351

The University of California is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action
Employer

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 15 14:14:11 1997
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Date: Tue, 15 Jul 1997 13:12:17 -0400
From: Alice Fenner <110115.311@compuserve.com>
Subject: blackband, $1 million fish
To: coralist <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 Black Band Disease, $1 million fish, reserve update

1. Black band disease was observed at Danjugan Island off
the west coast of Negros Island, central Philippines on May 30, 1997. I
observed about a dozen colonies of Pachyseris foliosa at 15 m depth with
the disease, with healthy brown areas and a 1-cm wide black band bordering
white newly-dead skeleton. It looked identical to black band in the
Caribbean.

2. A $1 million dollar fish is the hypothetical product of sample
calculations of the income of a dive operation with a particularly large
and famous fish as it's star attraction. Such a dive service could charge
US$50 per person per day (or more). If it could attract just 10 divers per
day that would be $500 per day, for $182,500 per year. Figure an equal
amount for food and lodging for $365,000. In 3 years (much less than the
fish's life span) that is $1,095,000- much more than the $10,000 it might
bring in Hong Kong or Taiwan restaurant.
 There are many caveats to such a scenario- will just one fish (famous
or not) attract that many divers every day, will the fish stay put, can the
fish be defended, will divers wreck its reef, etc. But the point is that
as much as the live food fish trade may value this fish, it can be worth
more alive as a tourist attraction for divers. This is largely because
diving can be a sustainable use.

3. Regarding my Feb 3 message about reserves in Negros Oriental,
Philippines, I would like to make a couple of corrections: in some areas of
the province, poison fishing (mostly the root Tubli but also cyanide) is
still common. Credits for the work on reserves there should go to the
Resource (not Research) Management Division, directed by Mercy Teves.
Their work on reserves has been supported by the German Development Service
for 5 years in the person of Maike Waltemath; Cemrino was a more recent
addition. Destructive fishing remains epidemic in many parts of the
country. For example, Apo Reef near Mindoro (not Apo Island near Negros)
is said to have been largely destroyed by blast fishing. -Doug Fenner

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 16 08:36:59 1997
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Date: Wed, 16 Jul 1997 07:54:50 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: NASA monitors deforestation and coral in Hawaii
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970716075321.4612A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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>From ECOLOG-L:

------------------

Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 17:18:47 EDT
From: C <THCLAX00@UKCC.UKY.EDU>
Subject: NASA monitors deforestation and coral in Hawaii

Date: Mon, 14 Jul 1997 15:54:31 -0400 (EDT)
From: NASANews@hq.nasa.gov

Deforestation of Hawaiian Island
Dwayne Brown
Headquarters, Washington, July 14, 1997
(Phone: 202/358-1726)

Fred Brown
Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA
(Phone: 805/258-2663)

Eric Dunn
Pacific Missile Range Facility, Kekaha, Kauai, Hawaii

RELEASE: 97-153

SOLAR-POWERED PATHFINDER SETS NEW RECORD; PREPARES
TO MONITOR DEFORESTATION OF HAWAIIAN ISLAND

 A sleek flying remotely piloted vehicle named Pathfinder
set a new unofficial world record for high-altitude flight by a
solar-powered aircraft at the U.S. Navy Pacific Missile Range
Facility, Kauai, Hawaii. The new mark of over 71, 500 feet set
last week exceeds Pathfinder's previous record of 67,350 feet
set in June 1997. Pathfinder is now being prepared to monitor
coral reef degradation and deforestation around the island of Kauai.

 "The altitude achievement, a major milestone for the
program, demonstrates the aircraft's capability to carry
scientific payloads and other experiments into the upper
atmosphere," said Jennifer Baer-Riedhart, Project Manager for
NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology
program at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA.

 Remotely piloted aircraft similar to Pathfinder could spend
long periods of time over the ocean monitoring storm
developments to provide more accurate predictions of
hurricanes. These aircraft also could be used to monitor major
croplands, forests and other large, remote expanses to provide
early warning of crop damage or fires. The payloads for
demonstration flights for the program are supplied by NASA's
Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.

 The program is NASA's response to growing scientific
requirements for measurements at higher altitudes and durations
than the current fleet of scientific platforms permits.
Additional technologies considered by the joint NASA-industry
alliance include lightweight materials, avionics, sensor
technology, aerodynamics, and other forms of propulsion
suitable for extreme altitudes. Pathfinder is one of several
remotely piloted aircraft being evaluated under the program.
The program focuses on developing technologies required to
operate slow-flying unpiloted aircraft at high altitudes. The
most extreme mission envisioned for solar-powered aircraft
would reach altitudes of 100,000 feet for environmental
sampling missions that last a week or longer.

 Pathfinder is a flying wing (with a span of 99 feet), with
two small pods that extend below the wing's center section,
that can carry a variety of scientific sensors. The solar
arrays on the wing can provide as much as 7,200 watts of power
at high noon on a summer day to power the craft's six electric
motors and other electronic systems. A backup battery system
can provide power for up to five hours to fly the craft after
sundown. Pathfinder was designed, manufactured and is operated
by AeroVironment, Inc., of Simi Valley, CA, under a jointly
sponsored research agreement with NASA.

 Pathfinder's record-breaking flight occurred on July 7,
with a takeoff at 2:34 p.m. EDT. After completion of low-level
system checks, Pathfinder began climbing. Just after 8:45 p.m.
EDT, it passed its previous altitude record. The aircraft
continued to climb to over 71,500 feet before mission controllers
decided to bring the craft back to Earth. Pathfinder completed
its mission with a perfect landing at 5:05 a.m. EDT.

 The record is the highest altitude ever attained by a
propeller-driven aircraft. Before Pathfinder, the altitude
record for propeller-driven aircraft was 67,028 feet set by the
experimental Boeing Condor remotely piloted aircraft.

 -end-

NOTE TO EDITORS: Still photos to support this release are
available from the Dryden Public Affairs Office. Photos also
are available on the Internet under NASA Dryden Research
Aircraft Photo Archive, Dryden News and Feature Photos, at URL:

 http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/gallery/photo

NASA Dryden news releases also are available on the Internet at URL:

 http://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/PAO/PressReleases/index.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 16 09:59:47 1997
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Date: Wed, 16 Jul 97 14:09:24 BST
Subject: Suntan lotion
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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Status: RO
X-Status:

Dear list members,

I recently received an interesting enquiry, as to whether it's possible that
suntan lotion could leach from snorkellers' skin and have any detrimental
effect on the surrounding coral. I would be very interested to know if
anyone has done any research in this field, or knows of any related papers.

Thank you for your time. Could you please reply to me directly.
Susannah

Co-ordinator IYOR-UK
----------------------------------------------------------------
Susannah Hirsh, Tel +44 (0) 223 277314
World Conservation Monitoring Centre Fax +44 (0) 223 277136
219 Huntingdon Road, Email: Susannah.Hirsh@wcmc.org.uk
CAMBRIGDE, CB3 0DL, U.K. WWW:http://www.wcmc.org.uk/marine/data/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 16 12:49:04 1997
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To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: <Fred.Beaudry@noaa.gov>, <Nancy.Daves@noaa.gov>, <Phil.Williams@noaa.gov>,
 <Ralph.Lopez@noaa.gov>, <Georgia.Cranmore@noaa.gov>,
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From: "Griffis, Roger B" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Subject: FISHERIES SERVICE TO UPDATE CANDIDATE SPECIES LIST
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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FYI Re: Changes to Candidate Species List by National Marine Fisheries
Service
(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Dept of Commerce)

Note changes to listing of coral species.

For more information see Federal Register Notice
Volume 62, Number 134 Pages 37560-37563

"Endangered and threatened species; Revision of Candidate Species List
under the Endangered Species Act"
_______________________________________
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 7/14/97
NOAA 97-39

FISHERIES SERVICE TO UPDATE CANDIDATE SPECIES LIST

As part of the Administration's commitment to improve implementation of the
Endangered Species Act, the National Marine Fisheries Service is updating
its 1991 list of species that are candidates for possible addition to the
List of Endangered and Threatened Species, the Commerce Department's
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced today.

"The revisions to the candidate species list strengthen the scientific
basis of the list," said Rolland Schmitten, director of the fisheries
service. "This will enable the fisheries service, other agencies and our
partners in the private sector to focus attention and resources on unlisted
species that are most likely to need help in the future if we do not act
now."

In contrast to species listed as threatened or endangered under the
Endangered Species Act (ESA), no regulatory protections are granted to
candidate species. The candidate species list assists the public by
providing advance notification that these species may warrant listing in
the future, identifies declining species for additional management
attention, and encourages voluntary conservation that will help prevent the
need to ever list the species.

An effective program for the conservation of endangered species requires a
means of addressing species that have not yet been listed but that face
immediate, identifiable risks. Early management options, like Candidate
Conservation Agreements, minimize the cost of recovery and reduce potential
impacts on land use policies in the future. In addition, as threats are
reduced and populations are increased or stabilized, attention can be
shifted to those species in the greatest need of the ESA's protective
measures.

Candidate species are defined as "any species being considered by the
Secretary for listing as an endangered or a threatened species, but not yet
the subject of a proposed rule." Species included on the 1997 list were
required to meet a higher standard of documentation than species on the
1991 list. Also, candidate species' selection criteria are now more
specific: (1) species for which there are demographic or genetic concerns
indicating that listing may be warranted; or (2) species that are rare or
in poor biological condition and face a high degree of threat.

Due to changes in many species' status, the 1991 list also was out of date.
Some species are now listed as threatened or endangered under the ESA
(Saimaa seal, Delta smelt, tidewater goby), others have been proposed for
listing (Johnson's seagrass, harbor porpoise). One vertebrate population
was found not warranted for listing (U.S. Atlantic coastal population of
bottlenose dolphin), and various other species or populations have been
recognized as possibly warranting listing.

The old candidate species list contained 44 species, while the new list
contains 22 species. The fisheries service removed 37 species from the old
list for a variety of reasons. Nine foreign species were removed because
the new list is restricted to domestic species only. The status of six
species has changed. Twelve species were removed because the information
currently available to the fisheries service does not meet the more
stringent criteria. Ten coral species were removed because the information
available indicates declines in certain populations, but not throughout the
species' ranges (corals are invertebrates, and the ESA allows invertebrates
to be listed on a species-wide basis only). The fisheries service added
fifteen species that had not been identified in 1991, but meet the more
specific criteria and higher documentation standard for the new list.

Included in these fifteen species are six Pacific salmon species. On
September 12, 1994, the fisheries service announced that comprehensive
status reviews would be conducted for all populations of Pacific salmon and
anadromous trout in California, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. This
decision effectively classified all seven salmon species under fisheries
service jurisdiction - coho, chinook, pink, chum, and sockeye salmon,
steelhead and sea-run cutthroat trout - as candidate species. These status
reviews are at various stages of completion and have resulted in proposed
or final listing determinations for several distinct population segments of
Pacific salmon including a final determination that the listing of pink
salmon was not warranted.

A copy of the 1991 list of candidate species and the 1997 list is available
to the news media by calling the public affairs office at (301) 713-2370.
_______________
For more information see Federal Register Notice
Volume 62, Number 134 Pages 37560-37563

"Endangered and threatened species; Revision of Candidate Species List
under the Endangered Species Act"

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M92`V,BP@3G5M8F5R(#$S-"!086=E<R`S-S4V,"TS-S4V,PH*(D5N9&%N9V5R
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M`````````0`8`HH,`````````@"B#OL``````````0"=#P@%````````./\`
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%^!8,```@
`
end

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 18 11:44:28 1997
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From: Bayu Ludvianto <bayu@bengkulu.wasantara.net.id>
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: email address for seagrass research mailing list
Date: Fri, 18 Jul 1997 22:14:15 +-700
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Dear coral list members,
I would be very appreciative, if you could suggest me with any email address of the seagrass research mailing list. Many thanks.

B. Ludvianto
Dept. of Biology. University of Bengkulu, Indonesia.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 18 12:27:21 1997
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Date: Fri, 18 Jul 1997 12:16:33 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Other Lists
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Please be advised that a provisional list of other listservers (including
SEAGRASS_FORUM) can be found at:

 http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/many_lists.html.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator

On Fri, 18 Jul 1997, Bayu Ludvianto wrote:

> Date: Fri, 18 Jul 1997 22:14:15 +-700
> From: Bayu Ludvianto <bayu@bengkulu.wasantara.net.id>
> To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
> Subject: email address for seagrass research mailing list
>
> Dear coral list members,
> I would be very appreciative, if you could suggest me with any email
addres$
>
> B. Ludvianto
> Dept. of Biology. University of Bengkulu, Indonesia.
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 18 18:27:16 1997
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Date: 18 Jul 1997 18:07:06 -0400
From: Coalter Lathrop <Coalter.Lathrop@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Return requested)
Subject: NOAA/IUCN 52 Reef Stories needs your help
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Dear Coral List Subscribers:

I am coordinating the NOAA/IUCN 52 Reef Stories media outreach campaign during
the International Year of the Reef. Each week NOAA's Office of Public Affairs
distributes a one-page, coral reef-related media tip sheet to local, national,
and international media outlets in an attempt to raise public awareness about
coral reefs. Each tip sheet focuses on either a coral reef event (e.g.. Reef
Check), a coral reef issue (e.g.. cyanide fishing), or both.

See http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/coral-reef.html for the first 28 stories.

We are currently over halfway through IYOR and would like your input in order to
develop the final 24 stories. After viewing the NOAA Public Affairs coral reef
website, if you have any suggestions for additional coral reef stories, please
contact me by e-mail (coalter.lathrop@noaa.gov), telephone (301) 713-2319 x188,
or fax (301) 713-0376.

We plan to do a series over the next month on the effects of land-based
activities (and their by-products) on coral reefs. If you have knowledge of the
specific effects of 1) sewage, 2) persistent organic pollutants, 3) radioactive
substances, 4) heavy metals, 5) oils/hydrocarbons, 6) nutrients, 7) sediments,
or 8) litter on coral reefs, please contact me. I am interested in the land-
based activities that produce these substances, and in the specific biological,
chemical, and/or physical effects that these substances have on coral reefs.
Specific examples are helpful.

Other story ideas that need to be expanded are: blast fishing, anchor damage/
mooring bouys, artificial reefs, coral spawning, coral propogation, and corals
and remote sensing.

All assistance will be greatly appreciated.

Coalter

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jul 19 12:54:59 1997
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Date: Sat, 19 Jul 1997 12:32:40 -0700
From: acohen@whoi.edu (Anne Cohen)
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Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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I am in need of information regarding growth rates of individual
 colonies of 3 Atlantic gorgonians: sea rods Pseudoplexaura spp.and
 Plexaura spp. and the sea fan Gorgonia ventilina. I have not been able
 to find this info in the published literature - can you help ?

 many thanks,
 Anne Cohen
 ***********************************************
 Dr Anne L. Cohen
 Dept. Geology and Geophysics
 Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
 Woods Hole
 MA 02543
 acohen@whoi.edu
 Tel: 508 289 2958
 Fax: 508 289 2183

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 22 12:41:59 1997
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From: lucy.biologia@DARWIN.UPR.CLU.EDU
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Subject: Slime-Blotch Disease Outbreaks
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	We have reports of slime-blotch disease, characterized by
large, external lesions, in coral reef fishes from 4 widely spaced
West Indian localities. Have you seen this disease or heard reports
of its occurrence? We are concerned that it is becoming widespread
and may cause a mass mortality.

	Thank you.

Bert

Ernest H. Williams, Jr. Phone (787) 899-2048 X 264
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico FAX 787-899-5500 (under repair)
P.O. Box 908 787-265-3837 c/o Dr. Bunkley
Lajas, PR 00667-0980

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 22 12:41:59 1997
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	We have reports of slime-blotch disease, characterized by
large, external lesions, in coral reef fishes from 4 widely spaced
West Indian localities. Have you seen this disease or heard reports
of its occurrence? We are concerned that it is becoming widespread
and may cause a mass mortality.

	Thank you.

Bert

Ernest H. Williams, Jr. Phone (787) 899-2048 X 264
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico FAX 787-899-5500 (under repair)
P.O. Box 908 787-265-3837 c/o Dr. Bunkley
Lajas, PR 00667-0980

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 23 11:50:51 1997
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Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 10:21:43 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Warm Pool
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Greetings--
I'm looking for an estimated volume for the Pacific "Warm Pool" associated
with ENSO events (and bleaching). Can anyone help?
Thanks,
Osha

Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 23 12:26:47 1997
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From: Siwa-Ban <sbf@btl.net>
Subject: VitaReef software price
Date: Wed, 23 Jul 1997 09:57:08 -0500
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Hello, coral-list;

Can someone tell me the price of VitaReef software, used to analyse
reef video transects?

Thank you in advance

E McRae
The Siwa-ban Foundation
47 Caye Caulker
Belize, C.A.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 25 07:06:39 1997
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From: "Lisanne Aerts" <laerts@nioz.nl>
Organization: NIOZ
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Fri, 25 Jul 1997 00:12:27 +02:0
Subject: coral extracts
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Hello,

A few days ago my promotor R. Bak gave me a print of an abstract
dealing with a coral extract research. Unfortunately there was no
name, date or other references attached to it.

A more specific description:

"Aqueous extracts were made from the hermatypic corals Fungia
fungites, Goniopora tenuidens, Goniastrea favulus, Platygyra
daedalea, Favia matthai and Pavona decussata. Extracts were assayed
against three life stages of hermatypic corals namely adults, single
polyp juveniles (spat) and larvae. They were also assayed against the
larvae of a polychaete, decapod, echinoid and an ascidian."

Because this field of research has my interest I wanted to know who
has been working with these coral extracts and if there is a
publication of this research. So if anyone knows something more....
Thanks.

Lisanne Aerts.

***************************************************
Lisanne Aerts (laerts@nioz.nl)
Netherlands Institute for sea research (NIOZ)
P.O. Box 59
1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.
tel. ( )31-222-369573
fax. ( )31-222-319674
***************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 25 11:44:50 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 gcrmn-stac@aoml.noaa.gov
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Greetings,

	The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Home Page has been updated to
reflect recent documents released by the GCRMN Steering and
Technical Advisory Committee. You may view these documents at:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/

	Following are titles of the documents:

-----------------------------------------------------------------

An Overview of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN)

GCRMN Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, First Annual
 Report (April, 1997)

GCRMN Strategic Plan (May, 1997)

GCRMN Summary of Progress (May, 1997)

GCRMN Workshop; Mombasa, Kenya; 28 February 1997.
 (Document also available in PDF format.)

 South Africa and Mauritius
 Tasmania and Mozambique
 Eritrea and Kenya
 India (Andaman)
 Maldives and Reunion
 (All of above tables in RTF document.)

Protocols for Coral Reef Monitoring

Text sent by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme
 (SPREP) (July, 1997)

------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 25 12:03:46 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Greetings,

	The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Home Page has been updated to
reflect recent documents released by the GCRMN Steering and
Technical Advisory Committee. You may view these documents at:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/

	Following are titles of the documents:

-----------------------------------------------------------------

An Overview of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN)

GCRMN Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee, First Annual
 Report (April, 1997)

GCRMN Strategic Plan (May, 1997)

GCRMN Summary of Progress (May, 1997)

GCRMN Workshop; Mombasa, Kenya; 28 February 1997.
 (Document also available in PDF format.)

 South Africa and Mauritius
 Tasmania and Mozambique
 Eritrea and Kenya
 India (Andaman)
 Maldives and Reunion
 (All of above tables in RTF document.)

Protocols for Coral Reef Monitoring

Text sent by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme
 (SPREP) (July, 1997)

------------------------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 25 18:18:14 1997
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Date: Fri, 25 Jul 1997 17:28:37 -0700
From: Terry Eng <teng@ccpl.carr.lib.md.us>
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Hi all,

 Does anyone know of any organization responsible for cataloging
 scientific names? I am interested in knowing who actually officializes
 these names or if they are officialized by the various societies
dealing
 with specific groups of organisms, such as an ichthyological society
 with regard to fishes. I feel that such a database would be an
extremely
 useful resource if a single one exists. My current question involves
the
 validity of the nomenclature of the blue mandarin dragonette native to
 the Pacific. I have seen it listed as Synchiropus splendidus but more
 recently as Pterosynchiropus splendidus and am wondering which is the
 official name. Any feedback on this issue is greatly appreciated.

 Thanks in advance,
 Pam

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jul 26 06:36:28 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: ed drew <edrew@ultra.net.au>
Subject: Halimeda web page
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Those of you interested in Halimeda may like to check out the updates to my
web site which now includes the beginnings of the long awaited

 Atlas of Halimeda Banks of the Great Barrier Reef

plus some ancillary material on the banks themselves, and what they look
like on aerial photographs.

Use the basic URL for access as old bookmarks will probably no longer work

 http://www.ozemail.com.au/~edrew

Ed
 ------------------------- Dr Edward A Drew -----------------------
| PO Box 361, Castletown, Hyde Park, Townsville, Q 4812, Australia |
| TEL +61-077-724452 FAX +61-077-213538 MOBILE +61-014-879869 |
| EMAIL edrew@ultra.net.au WWWeb http://www.ozemail.com.au/~edrew |
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jul 26 21:43:37 1997
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Date: Sat, 26 Jul 1997 20:43:17 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Albert Thiel <albert@athiel.com>
Subject: Rapid Tissue Necrosis
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Is there any evidence that RTN is actually a secondary infection (possibly
by Vibrio sp. bacteria) and not a primary disease but that the onset may be
due to massive attacks by Vibrio organisms because a small polyp coral
(e.g Acropora sp.) is stressed and may suffer from nutritional or other
deficiency ?

Albert Thiel

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jul 26 22:47:46 1997
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Date: Sat, 26 Jul 1997 20:38:19 -0500 (UTC -05:00)
From: "DAPHNE G. FAUTIN" <fautin@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu>
Subject: Re: Taxonomic database
In-reply-to: <33D944B5.6AE4@ccpl.carr.lib.md.us>
To: Terry Eng <teng@ccpl.carr.lib.md.us>
Cc: FAUTIN@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear Pam et al.,

I am responding to everyone since I think one or more of Pam's concerns
may not be confined to her.

On Fri, 25 Jul 1997, Terry Eng wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> Does anyone know of any organization responsible for cataloging
> scientific names? I am interested in knowing who actually officializes
> these names or if they are officialized by the various societies
> dealing
> with specific groups of organisms, such as an ichthyological society
> with regard to fishes. I feel that such a database would be an
> extremely useful resource if a single one exists.

The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is a set of rules that
governs how animals are named (there is an analogous Code of Botanical
Nomenclature and one for bacteria, as well). As long as an animal name
meets the conditions of the Code, it is considered "official," in the
sense of your question ("available" in the terms of taxonomy). The name
must be published to meet particular criteria but not in any particular
journal. One responsibility of editors of journals in which descriptions
appear is to be sufficiently familiar with the Code to ensure the
descriptions are in accord with its provisions.

Errors tend to creep into taxonomy/nomenclature -- such as misspellings,
mistaken dates, etc. More insidious is the problem of homonymy, in which
the identical name has been published for more than one taxon. As long
as both have met the provisions of the Code, the one published first
generally is the one to which the name applies. (The International
Commission of Zoological Nomenclature rules on disputes and publishes the
Code.) Bill Eschmeyer of the California Academy of Sciences has devoted
many years recently to indexing the nomenclatural literature on fishes,
and his "Genera of Fishes" (gopher.calacademy.org:70/11/depts/icht/genera)
and "Species of Fishes" (www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/species/)
are the definitive sources for taxonomic and nomenclatural data on fishes.
(I am engaged in a similar effort for sea anemones.)

> My current question involves the
> validity of the nomenclature of the blue mandarin dragonette native to
> the Pacific. I have seen it listed as Synchiropus splendidus but more
> recently as Pterosynchiropus splendidus and am wondering which is the
> official name. Any feedback on this issue is greatly appreciated.

This is a different question. "Official" probably has nothing to do with
which name you should use. Which genus a species belongs in is usually a
taxonomic issue and a matter of opinion. There is no arbiter of most
questions of this sort. In terms of genera, "splitters" recognize more of
them, each containing fewer species than "lumpers," who tend to put more
species in each of fewer genera. I am unfamiliar with the taxonomy of
dragonettes so do not know the reason for some people placing the species
*splendidus* in the genus *Synchiropus* and others putting it in the genus
*Pterosynchiropus*. Typically, however, names that are rooted in other
names came later and were erected to accommodate some of the species that
had been placed in the first genus. So, in this case, the genus
*Synchiropus* might have contained species that differed so much that an
ichthyologist thought they should not all be placed in one genus (which
implies a close degree of evolutionary relationship) and so described a
new genus *Pterosynchiropus* for some of them. Of course, other
ichthyologists who disagree would consider the later name a synonym of the
earlier one and thus use the earlier one. Less commonly a name is found
to be a homonym or not to have met the provisions of the Code, and then
the species that had been associated with it are moved to another genus --
and in this case the transfer is not a matter of opinion, as it is in the
more common situation I described above.

> Thanks in advance,
> Pam
>

Daphne G. Fautin
Division of Biological Sciences
Haworth Hall
University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
1-785-864-3062

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jul 27 22:15:12 1997
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From: diego lirman <lirman@oj.rsmas.miami.edu>
Message-Id: <199707280059.UAA18139@oj.rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: WBD reports
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Sun, 27 Jul 1997 20:59:50 -0400 (EDT)
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Dear Colleagues:

	I am working on the disturbance ecology of elkhorn coral,
Acropora palmata in Florida reefs and would like to gather for my
dissertation a list of papaers or reports on the incidence of White band
Disease on this species.

	I would be very greatful to anybody who can contribute to this
effort by providing reports (published or unpublished) that include the
date of first observation, location, severity of event (# of colonies
affected), and any additional observations collected at the time.

	Just in case anybody is interested in similar topics I include
here the results, so far, of my search in the literature. If I get a
significant number of responses I will update this list here.

	Thanks in advance and do not be shy!!!

partial list of WBD on elkhorn coral:

Gladfelter, USVI, 1977, 1982, 1991.
Sheppard et al., 1995, BVI
Bythell and Sheppard, 1993, BVI
Antonius and Weiner, 1978, Antonius, 1981, USVI
Laydoo, 1984, Tobago
Dustan, 1977, Dustan and halas, 1987, Florida
Peters, 1983, 1984, 1997, Caribbean
Several authors in Global Aspects of Corals Reefs, 1994

Diego Lirman
University of Miami / RSMAS
MBF Division
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami, FL 33149
Tel: 305-361-4833
Fax: 305-361-4077
Email: dlirman@rsmas.miami.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 28 00:49:23 1997
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From: seafdec@po.jaring.my
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Subject: information coral research at Japan
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Greetings---
I'm doing some research on Malaysia coral reef (Marine parks).

I'm understand that coral list can help me to provide any information about
coral reef research at Japan. Can anyone help?.

Please send the information to this email adderess seafdec@po.jaring.my
or fax number ++609-6175136

I apprreciate very much and look forward to hearing from anyone soon.

best regards
Mr. Shukri Yusoff
Marine Departmen Fisheries Resources Development and Management Department
Terengganu 21080 Malaysia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 28 17:06:40 1997
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Date: Mon, 28 Jul 1997 16:21:58 -0400 (EDT)
From: Gregory Andrew Piniak <gap1@acpub.duke.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral reproduction
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i've been using a statistical approach called path analysis to model
changes in caribbean coral community structure caused by eutrophication.
part of my classification scheme relies on coral feeding strategies and
mechanisms of reproduction. i've been searching the literature for
information on coral reproductive strategies, and although i've found much
useful information, i haven't been able to find any information (spawners
or brooders, gonochoric, hermaphroditic, etc) on the following species:
madracis decactis, madracis mirabilis, leptoseris cucullata, diploria
clivosa, meandrina meandrites, dichocoenia stokesi, colophyllia natans,
stephanocoenia michellinii, mycetophyllia aliciae, mycetophyllia danaana,
and isophyllia sinuosa. i realize that the info i'm looking for may not
exist, but i'd welcome suggestions as to where else i may look...please
reply to gap1@acpub.duke.edu. many thanks...

greg piniak

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 29 05:28:20 1997
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Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 01:40:17 -0700 (PDT)
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From: reefnet@cerf.net (Wendy Holland)
Subject: Reefnet Summer Issue
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Announcing Summer Issue of Reefnet: http://www.reefnet.org

REEF RESEARCH
Mark Hixon
Predators Regulate Local Abundance of Marine Fish:
Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea

NGO NEWS
Save Our Seas Clean Ocean Conference

Brian Tissot
Community-Based Management of Coral Reefs in Hawai'i

CONSERVATION STRATEGIES
John McManus Gets the Big Picture on Coral Reefs
ReefBase Data Collection

Wendy Holland Productions
98 Main Street, Suite 421
Tiburon, CA 94920 USA
1-415-257-5677
reefnet@cerf.net
http://www.reefnet.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 29 12:32:45 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: SEA LIFE WEEK June 1-7, 1998
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FYI, from marbio listserver:

Date: Sun, 27 Jul 1997 16:02:41 +1000
From: oneocean@comcen.com.au

an event Not to miss!

SEA LIFE WEEK June 1-7 1998
Tulamban, Bali. MIMPI Resort-

for marine life lovers and underwater photographers

The Speakers

Dr. Gerry Allen PHD
author of Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Guide & Discoverer of many new fish species

Dr. Carden Wallace PHD
Curator of Museum of Tropical Queensland, Discoverer of coral spawning &
coral species

Roger Steene
author of Indo-Pacific Coral Reef Guide & Discoverer of many new fish species

Michael AW
author of Tropical Reef Fishes & Reef Life, Beneath Bunaken, Metamorphosea &
Dreams from a Rainbow Sea - Maldives

& many more other personalities.

The Above -Water Attractions
Lectures & slide shows on Ecology & Behavior of Corals & Fishes from the
Experts
Underwater photography workshop & including how to Shoot and Select Award-
winning images.
Count the Fishes Competition - 1st prize US$1000 Cash
Count the Coral Competition - 1st prize US$1000 Cash
Marine Photography Competition - Total Prizes - over US$10000
Learn & Shoot with the Experts!

 The Venue - Mimpi Resort
A deluxe boutique-style resort by the waterfront
Exquisite cuisine
Infinity Pool & lush gardens & outdoor shower in all room
Dedicated diving centre

The Underwater Attractions
WWII wreck - the Liberty Ship, Drop-off and walls, thousands of swirling
jacks, friendly critters ready to pose include- ghost pipefish, anglerfish,
sea horse, devilfish, gobies, blennies, anglerfish, Long-nosed hawkfish,
uncountable species of nudibranch, allied cowries and many rare crustacea
species. Tulamban is one the favorite locations of Gerry Allen, Michael AW
and Roger Steene, in fact many of their published photographs are captured
in the small bay area. Last year, world famous photographer David Doubilet
spent over 20 days photographing the same location that you will be diving on.

The package
7 day / 6 night accommodation, Set Breakfast/lunch/dinner/ 15 dives with
tank & weights / Entry to all workshop, lectures , airport transfer.
US$685 pp (twin sharing / single supplement US$150)
Entry to photocomp - US$100 (include films and processing) Entry to fish and
coral comp - US$50
* Mimpi is a boutique resort with only 30 rooms - Limited spaces left - book
now!
For Reervation contact: Sea Life Week, MIMPI, email:
oneocean@OceanNEnvironment.com.au or Fax: 61 2 9 686 3688

Sponsors:
MIMPI Tulamban Resort : OceanNEnvironment

Check out Dreams from a Rainbow Sea - Maldives at our Web site.

A Marine Awarenss Guide (include photography tips) to Tropical Reef Life is
ready for delivery!

OceanNEnvironment Ltd
P.O.Box 2138, Carlinford Court Post Office
Carlingford NSW 2118, Australia
Fax: 61 2 9 686 3688
Tel: 61 2 9 686 3688 / 6838

Email:oneocean@OceanNEnvironment.com.au
Http://www.OceanNEnvironment.com.au

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 29 12:35:15 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: CALL FOR PAPERS: SICB ANNUAL MEETING
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FYI, from Ecolog-L listserver:

------------------------------

Date: Mon, 28 Jul 1997 19:50:29 -0500
From: Faith Kearns <Faith@ESA.ORG>
Subject: CALL FOR PAPERS: SICB ANNUAL MEETING

CALL FOR PAPERS: Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology
Annual Meeting 1998

Co-sponsored by the Ecological Society of America, American
Microscopical Society, Animal Behavior Society, International Society for
Reef Studies, Julia B. Platt Club, and The Crustacean Society

January 3-7, 1998
Boston Marriott Hotel Copley Place
Boston, Massachusetts

The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB) will hold its
1998 Annual Meeting, co-sponsored by the Ecological Society of
America, January 3-7 at the Boston Marriott Copley Place in Boston,
Massachusetts. This meeting will be an educational and research forum
for scientists in the fields of evolutionary biology, ecology, physiology,
and other biological sciences. The meeting will include ten symposia,
numerous workshops and special programs, and hundreds of contributed
papers in divisional and interdivisional sessions. These sessions will
feature current topics by researchers in their fields of expertise and
insights into the latest developments.

Symposia featured at the meeting include:

Coral Reefs and Environmental Change-Adaptation, Acclimation or
Extinction?-The symbiotic modular organisms central to coral reef
ecosystems provide a natural laboratory for studying rates, mechanisms
and ranges of adaptation and acclimation.

Evolutionary Biology-This innovative symposium will explore the latest
developments in evolutionary biology. Drs. Lynn Margulis and Stephen
Jay Gould will share their research.

Comparative Embryology of Myogenesis-Certain molecules are known to
play similar roles in myogenesis in different species of animals, but the
details vary phylogenetically. This will be the first symposium to examine
comparative aspects of muscle development.

Aquatic Organisms, Terrestrial Eggs: Early Development at the Water's
Edge-This symposium will integrate studies of algae, invertebrates, and
vertebrates and consider topics such as the physical properties of eggs
and parental care in the intertidal zone.

In addition to symposia, the ten SICB divisions will sponsor up to 400 talks
and posters on an array of topics. The SICB divisions include: Animal
Behavior, Comparative Endocrinology, Comparative Physiology and
Biochemistry, Developmental and Cell Biology, Ecology and Evolution,
Integrative and Comparative Issues, Invertebrate Zoology, Neurobiolog,
Systematic Zoology, and Vertebrate Morphology.

ABSTRACTS ARE NOW BEING ACCEPTED
DEADLINE--AUGUST 22, 1998

The SICB Abstract Transmittal Form and Guidelines are available on the
ESA web site at http://esa.sdsc.edu (under Meetings). To submit your
abstract electronically via the web, you must provide a credit card
number for the $30 abstract processing fee. If you would like a copy of
the Abstract Transmittal Form and Guidelines mailed to you, please
contact Corinne O'Brien at corinne_o'brien@sba.com.

For general meeting information or registration materials, visit ESA's
Homepage or contact the SICB Business Office at 401 North Michigan
Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, 312/527-6697, Fax: 312/245-1085, E-mail:
sicb@sba.com, http://www.sicb.com.

------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 29 20:53:01 1997
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Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 17:35:05 -0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: atinker@accessone.com (Aaron B Tinker)
Subject: Symposium on Marine Conservation Biology
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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(sorry for any cross-postings)
THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE CONSERVATION BIOLOGY KICKS-OFF NEW SCIENTIFIC
DISCIPLINE

After the successful completion of the first Symposium on Marine
Conservation Biology, I'd like to share some observations for those who
couldn't attend what one participant called "the Woodstock" of marine
conservation biology. Held at the Society for Conservation Biology's Annual
Meeting at the University of Victoria in Victoria, British Columbia, June
4-6, and organized by Elliott Norse, President of Marine Conservation
Biology Institute (MCBI), this Symposium represented the largest gathering
of scientific presentations on marine conservation biology ever assembled.
Among the presenters and 1000-plus attendees from at least 30 nations were
premier marine scientists including Bob Paine, Paul Dayton, John Ogden,
Steve Palumbi, Tundi Agardy, Jon Lien, Jeff Levinton, Dick Strathmann,
Stuart Pimm and other stars of marine sciences.

A round of applause is in order for the Society for Conservation Biology
(SCB) for recognizing the need to expand conservation biology research into
the marine realm, and strengthening its commitment to making marine
conservation a significant part of its focus (including its heightened
interest in publishing manuscripts on marine topics in its superb journal
Conservation Biology). Although this meeting served as the inaugural event
for the new discipline of marine conservation biology, the hundreds of
papers presented demonstrate that marine conservation biologists have
already been looking at crucial marine conservation questions ranging from
the value of marine protected areas to the impacts of harmful algal blooms.
While previous SCB annual meetings have held only two sessions of talks on
marine species and ecosystems, this meeting had 44 marine sessions on a
wide range of marine topics, among them alien species, declining fisheries,
conservation of coral reefs and coastal ecosystems, conservation of
cetaceans, and genetics and conservation of marine organisms. The meeting
began with a stirring Keynote call to action by marine ecologist Jane
Lubchenco and ended with a sobering Plenary by marine paleoecologist Jeremy
Jackson.

Two central themes emerged from all of the presentations, panel
discussions, speeches, and conversations. The first is that fishing is the
greatest threat to marine ecosystems today. The second is the need for a
dramatic increase in the number and effectiveness of marine protected areas
- including more areas with no take zones to allow populations and habitats
to recover from fishing pressures. This seems consistent with recent calls
by Jane Lubchenco, Past President of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, and others, that 20% of the world's marine waters
be included in marine reserves by the year 2020 -- a bold figure
politically, given the minuscule percent of the sea currently protected and
the weakness of many protections in these areas. Still, there were many
marine conservation biologists claiming that this would not be enough if we
want to sustain fisheries and protect marine biodiversity.

To express their concern about the decline of marine ecosystems and the
urgent need for citizen and government action to conserve them, over 400
scientists signed onto "Troubled Waters: A Call for Action" which will be
released to the media after more have had a chance to sign on. MCBI urges
all concerned scientists to read this statement and sign on by contacting
me <Aaron Tinker> at MCBI's Redmond WA office via email at
<atinker@u.washington.edu>. The statement will be appearing on this
listserver, and also can be read at MCBI's web page (http://www.mcbi.org).

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 29 21:08:31 1997
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Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 17:35:21 -0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: atinker@accessone.com (Aaron B Tinker)
Subject: Troubled Waters Statement
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(sorry for any cross-postings)
 SCIENTISTS URGE DRAMATIC STRENGTHENING OF MARINE CONSERVATION EFFORTS

When scientists speak with one voice, the media, the public and decision
makers pay attention. The time is now ripe for scientists to make a public
statement on threats to marine biodiversity and the need for action to conserve
it. The following statement was drafted and sent to prominent scientists who
offered many improvements and signed on. Marine Conservation Biology Institute
is now circulating the statement for signatures to marine scientists and
conservation biologists (senior scientists and scientists-in-training as well);
upon gaining enough signatures, the statement will be released to the media.

More than 400 marine scientists and conservation biologists have already signed
(partial list follows the statement). Timing is very important in this effort,
so please respond by email as soon as possible, and please include your NAME,
TITLE, and AFFILIATION. A copy of the statement is also available from our
website at http://www.mcbi.org - to sign, please send me an email (Aaron
Tinker, MCBI Program Assistant - atinker@accessone.com).

 TROUBLED WATERS: A CALL FOR ACTION
We, the undersigned marine scientists and conservation biologists, call
upon the world's citizens and governments to recognize that the living sea
is in trouble and to take decisive action. We must act quickly to stop
further severe, irreversible damage to the sea's biological diversity and
integrity.

Marine ecosystems are home to many phyla that live nowhere else. As vital
components of our planet's life support systems, they protect shorelines
from flooding, break down wastes, moderate climate and maintain a
breathable atmosphere. Marine species provide a livelihood for millions of
people, food, medicines, raw materials and recreation for billions, and are
intrinsically important.

Life in the world's estuaries, coastal waters, enclosed seas and oceans is
increasingly threatened by: 1) overexploitation of species, 2) physical
alteration of ecosystems, 3) pollution, 4) introduction of alien species,
and 5) global atmospheric change. Scientists have documented the extinction
of marine species, disappearance of ecosystems and loss of resources worth
billions of dollars. Overfishing has eliminated all but a handful of
California's white abalones. Swordfish fisheries have collapsed as more
boats armed with better technology chase ever fewer fish. Northern right
whales have not recovered six decades after their exploitation supposedly
ceased. Steller sea lion populations have dwindled as fishing for their
food has intensified. Cyanide and dynamite fishing are destroying the
world's richest coral reefs. Bottom trawling is scouring continental shelf
seabeds from the poles to the tropics. Mangrove forests are vanishing.
Logging and farming on hillsides are exposing soils to rains that wash silt
into the sea, killing kelps and reef corals. Nutrients from sewage and
toxic chemicals from industry are overnourishing and poisoning estuaries,
coastal waters and enclosed seas. Millions of seabirds have been oiled,
drowned by longlines, and deprived of nesting beaches by development and
nest-robbing cats and rats. Alien species introduced intentionally or as
stowaways in ships' ballast tanks have become dominant species in marine
ecosystems around the world. Reef corals are succumbing to diseases or
undergoing mass bleaching in many places. There is no doubt that the sea's
biological diversity and integrity are in trouble.

To reverse this trend and avert even more widespread harm to marine species
and ecosystems, we urge citizens and governments worldwide to take the
following five steps:
1. Identify and provide effective protection to all populations of marine
 species that are significantly depleted or declining, take all measures
 necessary to allow their recovery, minimize bycatch, end all subsidies that
 encourage overfishing and ensure that use of marine species is sustainable
 in perpetuity.
2. Increase the number and effectiveness of marine protected areas so that
 20% of Exclusive Economic Zones and the High Seas are protected from threats
 by the Year 2020.
3. Ameliorate or stop fishing methods that undermine sustainability by harming
 the habitats of economically valuable marine species and the species they
 use for food and shelter.
4. Stop physical alteration of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems
 that harms the sea, minimize pollution discharged at sea or entering the sea
 from the land, curtail introduction of alien marine species and prevent
 further atmospheric changes that threaten marine species and ecosystems.
5. Provide sufficient resources to encourage natural and social scientists to
 undertake marine conservation biology research needed to protect, restore
 and sustainably use life in the sea.

Nothing happening on Earth threatens our security more than the destruction
of our living systems. The situation is so serious that leaders and
citizens cannot afford to wait even a decade to make major progress toward
these goals. To maintain, restore and sustainably use the sea's biological
diversity and the essential products and services that it provides, we must
act now.

**end of statement** A few of the over 400 endorsements gathered include:
Jane Lubchenco, Michael Soule, Jim Carlton, Sylvia Earle, Jon Lien, Elliott
Norse, Robert Paine, Winston Ponder, Stephen Palumbi, Carl Safina, Paul
Dayton, Gary Meffe, John Ogden, Jeff McNeely, Victorin Mallet, Judith and
Fred Grassle, George Rabb, Jeff Levinton, Les Watling, Liana and John
McManus, Dee Boersma, Les Kaufman, Bruce Robison, Dennis Murphy, Paul
Ehrlich, Elizabeth Flint, Julia Parrish, Richard Brusca, Don McAllister,
Rod Fujita, Cheryl Ann Butman, Gary Davis, John Terborgh, Ed Bowlby, Joshua
Sladek Nowlis, Michelle Paddack, Callum Roberts, Anson Hines, Chris Glass,
Monte Hummel, JoAnn Burkholder, Andrew Cohen, Jeremy Jackson, Yuvenaly
Zaitsev, Sabine Jessen, Deborah Crouse, Jack Sobel, Robert Spies, Katherine
Ralls, Larry Dill, Judith Weis, Nancy Turner, Peter Auster, Michelle Wood,
Timothy Werner, Stuart Pimm, Bruce Menge, Marjorie Reaka-Kudla, Bruce
Leighty, David Schindler, Jack Williams, Devra Kleiman, Richard Harbison,
Shao Kwang-Tsao, Tundi Agardy and many others.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 29 22:07:03 1997
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Date: Tue, 29 Jul 1997 15:33:38 -1000 (HST)
From: Pacific Science Assn <psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: PSA Coral Reef Committee
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During the VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress held in Suva, Fiji, July
13-19, 1997, the Scientific Committee on Coral Reefs (PSA-SCCR) convened a
symposium "Coral Reefs 1997--The International Year of the Reef" as well
as held a committee meeting. A website has been established for the PSA
Coral Reef Newsletter. In addition to news and notes on research
activities and announcements, the newsletter includes a bibliography on
information on previous transects and surveys of coral reefs in the
Pacific islands and is the most complete compilation of quantitative reef
assessments in the past in both refereed journals and unpublished
technical reports. In addition, there are bibliographies on effects of
storms on coral reefs and on coral reef survey handbooks. The address of
the website is:

 www.bishop.hawaii.org/bishop/psa/

Through a grant from the U.S. Department of State's International Coral
Reef Initiative [via Dr. Robert N. Ginsberg] funding was provided for the
publication of:

Grigg, R. W., and C. Birkeland (eds.). 1997. Status of coral reefs in
the Pacific. University of Hawaii Sea Grant College Program. 144 p.

Twelve coral-reef scientists, nine members of PSA-SCCR, were commissioned to
prepare reports on the status and health of coral reefs in ten regions of
the Pacific:

Coral Reef Health in the Central Pacific--J. E. Maragos [East-West Center,
 Honolulu]
Assessment of the Present Health of Coral Reefs in the Eastern Pacific--
 P. W. Glynn [University of Miami]
The Status of Coral Reefs in French Polynesia--C. E. Payri and F. Bourdelin,
 [Universite Francaise du Pacifique, Papeete]
Hawaii's Coral Reefs: Status and Health in 1997, the International Year
 of the Reef--R. W. Grigg [University of Hawaii]
Assessment of the Present Health of Coral Reefs in Indonesia--A. Soegiarto,
 [Indonesian Institute of Science, Jakarta]
Status of Coral Reefs in the Marianas--C. Birkeland [University of Guam]
Recent Status of Coral Reefs in Okinawa, Japan--K. Yamazato [Meio
 University, Okinawa]
Assessment of the Present Health of the Coral Reefs in the Philippines--
 [H. T. Yap, University of the Philippines, Quezon City]
Assessment of the Present Health of Coral Reefs in Taiwan--C.-F. Dai
 [National Taiwan University, Taipei]
Status of Coral Reefs in Thailand--S. Sudara and T. Yeemin [Chulalongkorn
 University, Bangkok]

Several of the papers were presented during the Symposium. This "Status"
report may be obtained [US$20] from: Sea Grant College Program,
Communications Office, 1000 Pope Road, MSB 200, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822,
U.S.A.

At the request of the Director of the Coral Reef Research Center of the
Republic of Palau, the PSA-SCCR has provided supporting documents for the
importance of developing a Coral Reef Research Center in Palau to the
Vice-President of Palau and to the U.S. Department of State International
Year of the Reef.

Clive Wilkinson convened a special workshop on the Global Coral Reef
Monitoring Network (GCRMN). Copies of the second edition of the "Survey
Manual for Tropical Marine Resources" were made available.

The International Society for Reef Studies held its annual meeting at the
close of the Symposium with Steve Miller conducting the business meeting.

The following Resolution was ratified at the Closing Session of the
VIII Inter-Congress:

International Decade of Reef Conservation

Whereas coral reefs are the most diverse marine ecosystem in the world
and a most important source of natural resources both culturally and
economically for tropical coastal societies, and

Whereas coral reefs and their resources are under significantly
increasing pressure from human population growth, urbanization, and
economic development, and

Whereas 1997 has been established and recognized as the International
Year of the Reef;

Be it resolved, therefore, that the Pacific Science Association endorse
and support a program to continue the International Year of the Reef for
another year as part of the International Year of the Ocean with the
express purpose of establishing an International Decade of Reef
Conservation and to solicit support for such a program from member
countries of the Association and stakeholder countries in which reefs are
major and significant resources.

The IX Pacific Science Inter-Congress "Sustainable Development in the
Pacific" will be held in Taipei, Taiwan, November 15-21, 1998; the XIX
Pacific Science Congress "Science for Pacific Posterity: Environments,
Resources and Welfare of the Pacific People" will be held in Sydney,
Australia, July 4-9, 1999. Coral reef activities are being planned for
both of these future meetings.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 30 12:47:00 1997
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Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 12:03:43 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Spam (junk email)
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First, let me apologize for recently forwarding a message which was, shall
we say, a little on the commercial side. Commercially oriented email is
not appropriate for this listserver.

Second, if you're like me, you sometimes get spam, otherwise known as junk
email, in your inbox. What some may call junk, the sender may call free
speech; however, we know junk email when we see it. Following are some
Web sites which may help to control spam at your site:

 Promote Responsible Net Commerce: Help Stamp Out Spam
	http://spam.abuse.net

 Private Citizen
	http://www.private-citizen.com

	(Although I think this site is legitimate, some places
	like this reportedly get your email address then add it
	to a junk email list, rather than deleting it!)

 Junkbuster
	http://www.junkbuster.com

 Some of these folks in the list below are the people that provide the
email lists. You may want to contact them and ask them to remove your
name(s) from the lists.

 Bigfoot
	http://www.bigfoot.com

 Four11
	http://www.four11.com

 NetPages
	http://www.aldea.com

 Switchboard
	http://www.switchboard.com

 WhoWhere?
	http://www.whowhere.com

	I hope this helps.

	Cheers,

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 30 15:24:45 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Phillip Dustan <pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu>
Subject: Vitareef Software to assess coral vitality
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Hi,
 A number of peple have asked about the availability of Vitareef software. 	Below is a short description of Vitareef and what it might do for you.
Vitareef can be a powerful tool for assessing thepresent condition of a reef coral community. Vitareef software is not used to assess percent cover from transect data of any sort. However, it can be used on video imagery to help you gather data on the
conditions of corals.
 Should you are interested in analyzing video transect data, PointCount for Corals will be available sometime early in the fall. Information on Vitareef, PointCount for Corals, and additional info on coral conditionscan be found at
 www.cofc.edu/~coral/coral.htm

 Phil Dustan

Vitareeef:
The term vitality refers to the degree to which organisms of the reef ecosystem can carry out their natural life functions. Surveying coral populations for signs of distress and tissue or skeletal damage gives insight into coral health on a colony-by-colo
ny basis. An underlying assumption to the interpretation of survey data is that an undamaged coral will not need to allocate metabolic energy for tissue and skeletal repair and regrowth, while a "less than perfect" colony will need to allocate resources t
oward "repair" in the most general sense instead of new growth and reproduction. Temporally spaced surveys provide a basis for detecting change in reef coral populations and predicting the future condition of reef coral populations (Dustan 1993).

The field technique is a fast, comprehensive survey technique that allows a group of investigators to gather data in a format that can later be subjected to multivariate statistical probing techniques. The condition of each coral is observed by a diver an
d described with numerical codes that provide as complete a description of the state of a colony as possible through direct observation. The code is adaptable and can be modified if new conditions are found during surveys. The field data is entered into
 a spreadsheet format and then converted to simple ASCII which is submitted to vitareef.
 You can edit each of the data files for species names, locations, even conditions. The most current version (VITA1997) runs in DOS 3 or higher, but perhaps lower too. I am working on a Windows version for 3.1 and Win95 for relaes sometime this fa
ll.
 If you decide to try Vitareef let me know and I can ftp a copy to you or send you a floppy (any format).
 Phil

Dustan, P., 1977. Vitality of reef coral populations off Key Largo, Florida: recruitment and mortality. Environmental Geology 2:51 58.
Dustan, P. 1993. Developing methods for assessing coral reef vitality: a tale of two scales. Global Aspects of Coral Reefs, June 10 11. University of Miami, pp. M8 M14.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 31 23:22:49 1997
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Date: Thu, 31 Jul 1997 21:37:01 +1000
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au>
Subject: http://www.reef.edu.au (Reef Education Network)
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<bold><color><param>ffff,0000,0000</param>Reef Education Network site has
been launched!

</color></bold><color><param>0000,0000,ffff</param>Bookmark the site:
http://www.reef.edu.au

</color>

We are proud to announce that the Reef Education Network (an IYOR
Australia project) is complete and is ready for visitors. This project
brings high quality information about reefs, their inhabitants, problems
and the solutions to schools and the wider public. It should act as an
excellent starting point for any interested in learning more about
tropical and/or temperate reef systems. Please pay us a visit and pass
the word on to all those who might be interested!

Dr. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg

Biological Sciences, A08

University of Sydney

2006 NSW Australia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 1 17:00:55 1997
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Date: Fri, 01 Aug 1997 12:04:38 -0500
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
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To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Puerto Rico research & monitoring
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Dear coral list subscribers:

We are currently conducting quarterly coral reef monitoring surveys at
selected Puerto Rico sites off La Parguera, Desecheo Island, and Punta
Borinquen. It's likely we'll be adding other areas.

We would like to hear from any one who is conducting, has conducted, or
is planning to conduct any type of bottom cover survey activities in
reef areas anywhere in Puerto Rico.

Let us know who you are so we can communicate directly with you.

Many thanks!

Alexander Stone
President
ReefKeeper International

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Aug 3 23:28:02 1997
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Date: Mon, 04 Aug 1997 10:07:07 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
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Dear CoralList,

Can anyone give me a list and perhaps ref papers on various indicators
species for reef health? Soft corals seem to be a type of indicator?

Successful settlemt of certain types of hard corals may also be
indicative of a reef's ability to adapt to water clarity and conditions?
Any other species that would indicate reef adaptation to man-induced
environmental changes - or reef degradation?

R&D aspects currently underway and on-going field studies are also
applicable and of interest to me.

Please reply to my email address. Many thanks.

Be advised that I have not received much return input concerning
"accceptable" water quality parameters on waste loads on reefs from
human developmt...= hence more research is needed in this subject?

Cheers from Borneo,
Don Baker

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 5 07:19:03 1997
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Message-ID: <33E73519.1370@whoi.edu>
Date: Tue, 05 Aug 1997 07:13:45 -0700
From: acohen@whoi.edu (Anne Cohen)
Reply-To: acohen@whoi.edu
Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Growth rates of Atlantic Gorgonians
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Hello-

Since my request for info about growth rates of Atlantic gorgonians, a
number of you have asked me to share what I find. There doesn't seem to
be much out there, but the following two refs were most useful:

Yoshioka, P.M. and Yoshioka, B.B. 1991. A comparison of the
survivorship and growth of shallow-water gorgonian species of Puerto
Rico. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 69:253-260
Sterrer, Wolfgang. 1986. Marine flora and fauna of Bermuda. Wiley,
Interscience

Also, Don McAllister drew my attention to a "Bibliography of
Octocorallia from Pliny to Present" on
gopher://nmnhgoph.si.edu:70/00/.docs/octobib/about

thanks for your help
Anne

*******************************************************************
Dr Anne L. Cohen
Dept. Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole
MA 02543
acohen@whoi.edu
tel: (508) 289 2958
fax: (508) 289 2183

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 5 11:40:25 1997
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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 1997 10:55:58 -0400
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From: Tom_Schmidt@nps.gov (Tom Schmidt)
Subject: Re: Growth rates of Atlantic Gorgonians
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, acohen@whoi.edu (Anne Cohen)
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 Anne,
 Since you requested any information on the Atlantic gorgonians, I came
 across in my Tortugas bibliography a 1914 article by L.R. Cary
 entitled "Observations upon the growth-rate and ecology of gorgonians"
 published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington (Publication
 Number 182), Papers Tortugas Laboratory 5:79-90 which provides a 3-yr
 record of growth for Gorgonia flabellum and Plexaura flexuosa on the
 reefs of Dry Tortugas Florida.

 Tom Schmidt
 Marine Biologist
 Everglades National Park, Dry Tortugas National Park
 40001 SR 9336
 Homestead, FL 33034

______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Growth rates of Atlantic Gorgonians
Author: acohen@whoi.edu (Anne Cohen) at NP--INTERNET
Date: 8/5/97 7:13 AM

Hello-

Since my request for info about growth rates of Atlantic gorgonians, a
number of you have asked me to share what I find. There doesn't seem to
be much out there, but the following two refs were most useful:

Yoshioka, P.M. and Yoshioka, B.B. 1991. A comparison of the
survivorship and growth of shallow-water gorgonian species of Puerto
Rico. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 69:253-260
Sterrer, Wolfgang. 1986. Marine flora and fauna of Bermuda. Wiley,
Interscience

Also, Don McAllister drew my attention to a "Bibliography of
Octocorallia from Pliny to Present" on
gopher://nmnhgoph.si.edu:70/00/.docs/octobib/about

thanks for your help
Anne

*******************************************************************
Dr Anne L. Cohen
Dept. Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole
MA 02543
acohen@whoi.edu
tel: (508) 289 2958
fax: (508) 289 2183

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 5 12:01:55 1997
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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 1997 10:36:39 -0600 (CST)
From: Garcia Salgado Miguel <garsal@mar.icmyl.unam.mx>
To: Coral <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Boats in Reef's Areas
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Hi

Could any body bring me information about what kind of boats are well
recomended for use in this areas and what kind of control must be applied
for these boats.

It can be useful any reference or comentary.

Thanks for your time.

Greetings.

Miguel Garcia Salgado
Marine Sciences and Limnology Institute, UNAM
Mexico.

Hola Coasneter.

Necesito informacion sobre el tipo de embarcaciones mas recomendables
para areas arrecifales de interes turistico, como Cancun, Cozumel etc,
tipo de calado, tamao, en general caracteristicas que puedan aminorar el
impacto a los arrecifes, estas embarcaciones se utilizaran para buceo,
snorkel, y recorridos turisticos en general.

Cualquier tipo de ayuda y cometarios sera muy util.

Gracias

Miguel A. Garcia Salgado
garsal@mar.icmyl.unam.mx

Laboratorio de Ecologia Costera
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de mexico

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 5 12:46:08 1997
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Date: Tue, 5 Aug 1997 12:15:58 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Symposium on Marine Conservation Biology
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The following message is from the ECOLOG-L listserver, and has relevance
to the coral-list listserver. There are two parts: a description of the
symposium, and a "Troubled Waters" statement.

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 31 Jul 1997 10:24:19 -0800
From: Aaron B Tinker <atinker@ACCESSONE.COM>
Subject: Symposium on Marine Conservation Biology

(sorry for any cross-postings)
THE FIRST SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LAUNCHES NEW SCIENTIFIC
DISCIPLINE

After the successful completion of the first Symposium on Marine
Conservation Biology, I'd like to share some observations for those who
couldn't attend what one participant called "the Woodstock" of marine
conservation biology. Held at the Society for Conservation Biology's Annual
Meeting at the University of Victoria in Victoria, British Columbia, June
4-6, and organized by Elliott Norse, President of Marine Conservation
Biology Institute (MCBI), this Symposium represented the largest gathering
of scientific presentations on marine conservation biology ever assembled.
Among the presenters and 1000-plus attendees from at least 30 nations were
premier marine scientists including Bob Paine, Paul Dayton, John Ogden,
Steve Palumbi, Tundi Agardy, Jon Lien, Jeff Levinton, Dick Strathmann,
Stuart Pimm and other stars of marine sciences.

A round of applause is in order for the Society for Conservation Biology
(SCB) for recognizing the need to expand conservation biology research into
the marine realm, and strengthening its commitment to making marine
conservation a significant part of its focus (including its heightened
interest in publishing manuscripts on marine topics in its superb journal
Conservation Biology). Although this meeting served as the inaugural event
for the new discipline of marine conservation biology, the hundreds of
papers presented demonstrate that marine conservation biologists have
already been looking at crucial marine conservation questions ranging from
the value of marine protected areas to the impacts of harmful algal blooms.
While previous SCB annual meetings have held only two sessions of talks on
marine species and ecosystems, this meeting had 44 marine sessions on a
wide range of marine topics, among them alien species, declining fisheries,
conservation of coral reefs and coastal ecosystems, conservation of
cetaceans, and genetics and conservation of marine organisms. The meeting
began with a stirring Keynote call to action by marine ecologist Jane
Lubchenco and ended with a sobering Plenary by marine paleoecologist Jeremy
Jackson.

Two central themes emerged from all of the presentations, panel
discussions, speeches, and conversations. The first is that fishing is the
greatest threat to marine ecosystems today. The second is the need for a
dramatic increase in the number and effectiveness of marine protected areas
- including more areas with no take zones to allow populations and habitats
to recover from fishing pressures. This seems consistent with recent calls
by Jane Lubchenco, Past President of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, and others, that 20% of the world's marine waters
be included in marine reserves by the year 2020 -- a bold figure
politically, given the minuscule percent of the sea currently protected and
the weakness of many protections in these areas. Still, there were many
marine conservation biologists claiming that this would not be enough if we
want to sustain fisheries and protect marine biodiversity.

To express their concern about the decline of marine ecosystems and the
urgent need for citizen and government action to conserve them, over 400
scientists signed onto "Troubled Waters: A Call for Action" which will be
released to the media after more have had a chance to sign on. MCBI urges
all concerned scientists to read this statement and sign on by contacting
me <Aaron Tinker> at MCBI's Redmond WA office via email at
<atinker@u.washington.edu>. The statement will be appearing on this
listserver [e.g., ECOLOG-L], and also can be read at MCBI's web page
(http://www.mcbi.org).

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 31 Jul 1997 10:24:30 -0800
From: Aaron B Tinker <atinker@ACCESSONE.COM>
Subject: Troubled Waters Statement

(sorry for any cross-postings)
SCIENTISTS URGE DRAMATIC STRENGTHENING OF MARINE CONSERVATION EFFORTS

When scientists speak with one voice, the media, the public and decision
makers pay attention. The time is now ripe for scientists to make a public
statement on threats to marine biodiversity and the need for action to
conserve it. The following statement was drafted and sent to prominent
scientists who offered many improvements and signed on. Marine Conservation
Biology Institute is now circulating the statement for signatures to marine
scientists and conservation biologists (senior scientists and
scientists-in-training as well); upon gaining enough signatures, the
statement will be released to the media.

More than 400 marine scientists and conservation biologists have already
signed (partial list follows the statement). Timing is very important in
this effort, so please respond by email as soon as possible, and please
include your NAME, TITLE, and AFFILIATION. A copy of the statement is also
available from our website at http://www.mcbi.org - to sign, please send me
an email (Aaron Tinker, MCBI Program Assistant - atinker@accessone.com).

TROUBLED WATERS: A CALL FOR ACTION
We, the undersigned marine scientists and conservation biologists, call
upon the world's citizens and governments to recognize that the living sea
is in trouble and to take decisive action. We must act quickly to stop
further severe, irreversible damage to the sea's biological diversity and
integrity.

Marine ecosystems are home to many phyla that live nowhere else. As vital
components of our planet's life support systems, they protect shorelines
from flooding, break down wastes, moderate climate and maintain a
breathable atmosphere. Marine species provide a livelihood for millions of
people, food, medicines, raw materials and recreation for billions, and are
intrinsically important.

Life in the world's estuaries, coastal waters, enclosed seas and oceans is
increasingly threatened by: 1) overexploitation of species, 2) physical
alteration of ecosystems, 3) pollution, 4) introduction of alien species,
and 5) global atmospheric change. Scientists have documented the extinction
of marine species, disappearance of ecosystems and loss of resources worth
billions of dollars. Overfishing has eliminated all but a handful of
California's white abalones. Swordfish fisheries have collapsed as more
boats armed with better technology chase ever fewer fish. Northern right
whales have not recovered six decades after their exploitation supposedly
ceased. Steller sea lion populations have dwindled as fishing for their
food has intensified. Cyanide and dynamite fishing are destroying the
world's richest coral reefs. Bottom trawling is scouring continental shelf
seabeds from the poles to the tropics. Mangrove forests are vanishing.
Logging and farming on hillsides are exposing soils to rains that wash silt
into the sea, killing kelps and reef corals. Nutrients from sewage and
toxic chemicals from industry are overnourishing and poisoning estuaries,
coastal waters and enclosed seas. Millions of seabirds have been oiled,
drowned by longlines, and deprived of nesting beaches by development and
nest-robbing cats and rats. Alien species introduced intentionally or as
stowaways in ships' ballast tanks have become dominant species in marine
ecosystems around the world. Reef corals are succumbing to diseases or
undergoing mass bleaching in many places. There is no doubt that the sea's
biological diversity and integrity are in trouble.

To reverse this trend and avert even more widespread harm to marine species
and ecosystems, we urge citizens and governments worldwide to take the
following five steps:
1. Identify and provide effective protection to all populations of marine
species that are significantly depleted or declining, take all measures
necessary to allow their recovery, minimize bycatch, end all subsidies that
encourage overfishing and ensure that use of marine species is sustainable
in perpetuity.
2. Increase the number and effectiveness of marine protected areas so that
20% of Exclusive Economic Zones and the High Seas are protected from
threats by the Year 2020.
3. Ameliorate or stop fishing methods that undermine sustainability by harming
the habitats of economically valuable marine species and the species they
use for food and shelter.
4. Stop physical alteration of terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems
that harms the sea, minimize pollution discharged at sea or entering the
sea from the land, curtail introduction of alien marine species and prevent
further atmospheric changes that threaten marine species and ecosystems.
5. Provide sufficient resources to encourage natural and social scientists to
undertake marine conservation biology research needed to protect, restore
and sustainably use life in the sea.

Nothing happening on Earth threatens our security more than the destruction
of our living systems. The situation is so serious that leaders and
citizens cannot afford to wait even a decade to make major progress toward
these goals. To maintain, restore and sustainably use the sea's biological
diversity and the essential products and services that it provides, we must
act now.

**end of statement** A few of the over 400 endorsements gathered include:
Jane Lubchenco, Michael Soule, Jim Carlton, Sylvia Earle, Jon Lien, Elliott
Norse, Robert Paine, Winston Ponder, Stephen Palumbi, Carl Safina, Paul
Dayton, Gary Meffe, John Ogden, Jeff McNeely, Victorin Mallet, Judith and
Fred Grassle, George Rabb, Jeff Levinton, Les Watling, Liana and John
McManus, Dee Boersma, Les Kaufman, Bruce Robison, Dennis Murphy, Paul
Ehrlich, Elizabeth Flint, Julia Parrish, Richard Brusca, Don McAllister,
Rod Fujita, Cheryl Ann Butman, Gary Davis, John Terborgh, Ed Bowlby, Joshua
Sladek Nowlis, Michelle Paddack, Callum Roberts, Anson Hines, Chris Glass,
Monte Hummel, JoAnn Burkholder, Andrew Cohen, Jeremy Jackson, Yuvenaly
Zaitsev, Sabine Jessen, Deborah Crouse, Jack Sobel, Robert Spies, Katherine
Ralls, Larry Dill, Judith Weis, Nancy Turner, Peter Auster, Michelle Wood,
Timothy Werner, Stuart Pimm, Bruce Menge, Marjorie Reaka-Kudla, Bruce
Leighty, David Schindler, Jack Williams, Devra Kleiman, Richard Harbison,
Shao Kwang-Tsao, Tundi Agardy and many others.

------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 5 13:08:54 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: "Coral Reef Conservation Act of 1997"
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Coral-listers may be interested in the text of the recently (July 23,
1997) introduced bill (H.R. 2233) to the U.S. House of Representatives,
short-titled "Coral Reef Conservation Act of 1997". The Web URL is:

 http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c105:H.R.2233:

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 7 13:14:11 1997
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From: David Bruce Gunnersen <dbg2@ukc.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Dive boat mooring buoys
Message-ID: <SIMEON.9707302118.B@pckcp002.ukc.ac.uk>
Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 21:14:18 -0400 (EDT)
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Hello coral list subscribers.

Can nayone advise me of any standard procedures and equipment for
attaching permanent mooring buoys to coral reefs in order that dive
boats may moor and avoid anchor damage to the reefs?

Is there any standard eqipment on sale/ to hire? I seem to recall seeing
a video of underwater drilling into a reef to affix a buoy and wonder how
this is done.

Regards,

David Gunnersen

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 7 13:14:39 1997
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From: David Bruce Gunnersen <dbg2@ukc.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Madagascar Reefs
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Date: Wed, 30 Jul 1997 21:11:02 -0400 (EDT)
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Hello Coral List subscribers.

Does anyone know of the most up to date reports as to the extent,
quality and threats to the coral reefs around the coast of Madagascar?

I am interested in establishing what are the best reef areas in terms of
coral health, lack of damage, biodiversity and opportunities for
eco-tourism development.

Any references or contacts would be appreciated.

I did have a contact e-mail for a certain Francois Odendaal, I think from
the university of Cape Towm but have mislaid it. Does anyone know of
him?

David Gunnersen

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 7 17:50:53 1997
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Date: Thu, 07 Aug 1997 17:28:19 -0700
From: acohen@whoi.edu (Anne Cohen)
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Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: more gorgonian growth rates
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Hello -
more references to research on gorgonian growth rates have come to my
attention via the coral-list.
There seems to be substantial interest in this topic, so here's a
summary:

Mitchell, N.D., M.R. Dardeau and w.w. Schroeder. 1993. Colony
morphology, age structure and
relative growth of two gorgonian corals, Leptogorgia hebes and
Leptogorgia virgulata, from the
northern Gulf of Mexico. Coral Reefs 12: 65-70.

West, J.M., C.D. Harvell and A.M. Walls. 1993. Morphological plasticity
in a gorgonian coral
(Briareum asbestinum) over a depth cline. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 94:
61-69.

Jordan, E. and R Nugent. 1978. Evaluacin poblacionad de Plexaura
homomalla en la costa
Noreste de la Pennsula de Yucatn. An. Inst. Cienc. Mar. Limnol. Univ.
Nal. Auton. Mexico. 5:
189-200.

Cary L.R. 1914. Observations upon the growth-rate and oecology of
gorgonians. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. 182: 79-99. (About Gorgonia
flabellum and Plexaura flexuosa).

Hinman, J.W. 1973. Studies of experimental harvesting and regrowth of
Plexaura homomalla in Gran Cayman Waters. Reprint of the Offshore
Technology Conference.

Moreno, O., M. Merino y D.E. Jordan. 1982. Estimacion de la edad de un
organismo colonial Plexaura homomalla (Esper) (Octocorallia:
Plexauridae). An. Inst. Ciencias del Mary Limnol. UNAM 9(1): 345-358.

Kiho Kim (kk60@cornell.edu) recently published on growth rates of
transplanted colony fragments in Journal of Experimental Marine Biology
and Ecology, 1997, 215: 49-64

many thanks - Anne

*******************************************************************
Dr Anne L. Cohen
Dept. Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole
MA 02543
acohen@whoi.edu
tel: (508) 289 2958
fax: (508) 289 2183

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 8 10:34:04 1997
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Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 09:50:00 -0400 (EDT)
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 8 11:30:09 1997
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From: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
To: Lista de arrecifes de coral <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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From: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
Subject: Bleaching in mexico
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII

	Dear list-suscribers:
	I would like to know if any of you have noticed, or heard, about
coral bleaching in the Pacific coast of America (especially Mexico) in
the last months. We have noticed the beginnings of what seems to be a
future and serious bleaching in three localities near the mouth of
the Gulf of California, and want to follow this problem in detail.
Thanks in advance for any comment.

	Hector Reyes
	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
	La Paz, BCS, Mexico.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 8 11:12:06 1997
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Date: 8 Aug 1997 10:31:49 -0500
From: "Causey, B." <bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Bleaching in the Keys
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "NMS (FKNMS-ALL)" <NMS_#l#FKNMS-ALL#r#@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
 "Trueblood, Dwight" <dtrueblood@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
 "Wahle, C." <cwahle@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
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Greetings to Coral Listers:

I apologize up front for a widely broadcasted message, but the problem we have
observed may become wide spread in geographical scope.

While diving in the inshore waters of the Florida Keys over the past two days
(August 6 & 7), I have observed scattered bleaching of many species of head
corals. Some of the colonies are partially bleached while others are
extremely mottled or blotched. Small colonies are often entirely bleached.
The inshore water temperature is very warm..... and we will be reporting the
exact temperatures at a later posting.

Additionally, I just got off the telephone with Captain Bill Wickers, a past
member of our Sanctuary Advisory Council and a local native (Conch), who
reported extensive bleaching to large coral heads in the Gulf of Mexico area
of the Keys. He was diving in Boca Grande Channel, between Boca Grande Key
and the Marquesas Keys, to the north or on the Gulf side of the Keys in the
channel. He observed large coral heads that were bleached to varying degrees.
 He said the small colonies were completely bleached and the larger colonies
varied from mottled to heavily bleached. He said the problem is wide spread
in the area. Captain Wickers is a reliable source of information and an
excellent source for personal observations.

I will keep you posted as new observations are recorded. Billy

Billy Causey, Sanctuary Superintendent
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
P.O. Box 500368
Marathon, FL 33050
305.743.2437
305.743.2357 fax

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 8 12:47:20 1997
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Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 12:20:08 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bleaching & spawning archives
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.970808120839.6404A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Greetings Coral-Listers,

	This is just a reminder that bleaching and spawning notices which
are circulated to the list are also saved at our archival sites:

Bleaching:

	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/bleach/

Spawns:

	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/spawns/

The format of the files is such that a "b" at the beginning of the
filename denotes a bleaching record, or an "s" for spawns, with the
remaining numbers representing approximate year, month and date (e.g.,
YYMMDD). If two records occur on the same day, a letter may be found at
the end of the filename (e.g., b970808b.dat designates the 2nd report on
this date, August 8, 1997).

	I encourage you to report any witnessing of these events (both
types of which appear to be upon us in Florida, at this time), as the
compilation should prove valuable to researchers in the future. If at all
possible, please also include any records you may have which reflect
existing environmental conditions up to and at the time of the events
(e.g., temperature, salinity, moon phase, tide, species name(s), etc.)

	Thank you very much.

	Cheers,

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 8 19:20:44 1997
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Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 19:03:40 -0400 (EDT)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
cc: Lista de arrecifes de coral <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Hector,
As has been reported from Flordia and now the region off the Sea of
Cortez...bleaching from high SSTs. Tuesday we had noted from the HotSpot
product, being produced experimentally by NOAA/NESDIS from satellite data,
exceptionally high sea surface temperatures...possibly being augmented by
the incredible El Nino in the eastern tropical Pacific...might be causing
some bleaching along the Mexican coast near Baja, etc.

You can link to the site [at home, so do not have Hotspot URL committed to
memory...yet!..sorry:

http://wesley.wwb.noaa.gov/eileen/orad/const1.html

thru "experimental Products" and "coral reefs" to the "New Coral
Reef Hotspot" product.

Let us know if the areas affected coincide with the yellow/orange regions
depicted on this week's chart...updates on Tuesday/Saturday.

Thanks,
Al Strong

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
				Alan E. Strong
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		 Oceanography Department
 -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402
 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail]
 Stop 9910		 Camp Springs, MD 20746 410-293-2137 [FAX]
 Washington, DC 20233-9910			 strong@nadn.navy.mil
		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
	301-763-8102	FAX: 301-763-8108

On Fri, 8 Aug 1997, Hector Reyes Bonilla wrote:

>
> From: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
> Subject: Bleaching in mexico
> Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
>
> 	Dear list-suscribers:
> 	I would like to know if any of you have noticed, or heard, about
> coral bleaching in the Pacific coast of America (especially Mexico) in
> the last months. We have noticed the beginnings of what seems to be a
> future and serious bleaching in three localities near the mouth of
> the Gulf of California, and want to follow this problem in detail.
> Thanks in advance for any comment.
>
> 	Hector Reyes
> 	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
> 	La Paz, BCS, Mexico.
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 8 19:23:46 1997
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Date: Fri, 8 Aug 1997 18:53:59 -0400 (EDT)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: "Causey, B." <bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
cc: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "NMS (FKNMS-ALL)" <NMS_#l#FKNMS-ALL#r#@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
 "Trueblood, Dwight" <dtrueblood@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
 "Wahle, C." <cwahle@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
 CoralBleach <Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov>,
 Bert Williams <lucy.biology@DARWIN.UPR.CLU.EDU>,
 "Celso S. Barrientos" <cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
 Fran Holt <fholt@nesdis.noaa.gov>, Mark Eakin <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>,
 Michael Crosby <Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov>,
 Pacific YOCR <lucille@pactok.peg.apc.org>,
 Raymond Hayes <rhayes@fac.howard.edu>,
 Robert Feden <rfeden@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
 Tom Goreau <goreau@earthlink.net>
Subject: Re: Coral Bleaching in the Keys
In-Reply-To: <n1341086286.37282@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
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I am not surprised to hear of bleaching in the Keys....we just announced
from observations on our NOAA/NESDIS HotSpot product that extremely high
temps [SSTs] were developing this past week...possibly over some of the
Bahamas as well.

You can link to this experimental product from URL below:

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
http://wesley.wwb.noaa.gov/eileen/orad/const1.html

Thru experimental products...and coral reefs...

Let us know what you think....the next update is 8/9/97 [Sat]

Cheers,
Al Strong
NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD & US Naval Academy

On 8 Aug 1997, Causey, B. wrote:

> Greetings to Coral Listers:
>
> I apologize up front for a widely broadcasted message, but the problem we have
> observed may become wide spread in geographical scope.
>
> While diving in the inshore waters of the Florida Keys over the past two days
> (August 6 & 7), I have observed scattered bleaching of many species of head
> corals. Some of the colonies are partially bleached while others are
> extremely mottled or blotched. Small colonies are often entirely bleached.
> The inshore water temperature is very warm..... and we will be reporting the
> exact temperatures at a later posting.
>
> Additionally, I just got off the telephone with Captain Bill Wickers, a past
> member of our Sanctuary Advisory Council and a local native (Conch), who
> reported extensive bleaching to large coral heads in the Gulf of Mexico area
> of the Keys. He was diving in Boca Grande Channel, between Boca Grande Key
> and the Marquesas Keys, to the north or on the Gulf side of the Keys in the
> channel. He observed large coral heads that were bleached to varying degrees.
> He said the small colonies were completely bleached and the larger colonies
> varied from mottled to heavily bleached. He said the problem is wide spread
> in the area. Captain Wickers is a reliable source of information and an
> excellent source for personal observations.
>
> I will keep you posted as new observations are recorded. Billy
>
> Billy Causey, Sanctuary Superintendent
> Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
> P.O. Box 500368
> Marathon, FL 33050
> 305.743.2437
> 305.743.2357 fax
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Aug 10 03:38:24 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <C.Wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Survey Manual reprinted
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Announcement of reprinting of the Survey Manual for Tropical Marine
Resources, 2nd Edition, eds English, S., Wilkinson, C. & Baker, V. Published
by Australian Institute of Marine Science, July 1997 (a non-profit
advertisement).

The Survey Manual has been reprinted by AIMS as a contribution to the
monitoring of coral reefs, mangrove forests, seagrass beds and soft
sediment communities around the world.

The coral reef methods in an earlier version of this Survey Manual were
selected in 1992 as the basis for reef monitoring under IOC-UNEP-IUCN
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, but not the exclusive methods. The
Survey Manual developed out an Australian aid project combining the
expertise of scientists from Southeast Asia and AIMS over 10 years, starting
in 1984. There are 12 year data archives from South East Asia, parts of the
Pacific and Indian Oceans using these methods. The GCRMN has recommended the
use of the manta tow, line intercept transect using lifeform categories and
visual fish census methods (or equivalent methods) as the baseline for
global monitoring. The Survey Manual also has techniques for permanent
quadrats, assessing coral and fish recruitment and a new section on video
transects. Monitoring via Reef Check is based largely on these methods.

The updated and expanded second edition of the Survey Manual replaces the
1st edition that was printed in 1994 and has been out of print for 18
months. The methods are essentially the same, but the new edition contains
colour plates of corals and other lifeform categories and several additional
chapters.

The Survey Manual is being distributed on a non-profit basis by AIMS, and
other sponsors (World Bank and SIDA, Environment Agency of Japan, SPREP,
IUCN, INTROMARC and EPHE/CRIOBE and Fondation Naturalia Polynesia) have
assisted to make these methods available to developing countries.

The Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources 2nd Edition is available,
costing:

Within Australia including postage Au$40.00 (approx. US$30)
Outside Australia including postage Au$50.00 (approx. US$37.50)
Over the counter Au$30.00 (approx. US$22.50)
Bulk orders may be cheaper with reduced freight and postage costs.

From:
Science Communications Officer
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No. 3, Townsville MC. Qld. 4810
Australia
tel: +61 77 534 409
fax: +61 77 716 138
e-mail: w.ellery@aims.gov.au
internet: www.aims.gov.au

Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 77 724314; Fax: +61 77 722808 or 725852

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 11 01:08:22 1997
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Date: 	Mon, 11 Aug 1997 12:52:06 +0800 (HKT)
From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Subject: Reef Check Update - August 1997
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Reef Check Update - August 1997

August is the final month for Reef Check field surveys. Reef Check,
as part of IYOR, has been extremely successful in achieving the first
of two major goals - raising public awareness about the value of coral
reefs. To achieve the second major goal - a scientific survey of human
impacts on reefs - we need to receive your data in good order. If your
team has completed one or more surveys - send us the data now. Please
also send us topside and underwater video. We will need time to prepare
for the International Press Conference, scheduled for Thursday 16 October.

Please take careful note of the Reef Check protocols for categorizing data,
especially the substrate codes for the line transects. It is important that you
make sure that you only use Reef Check codes. In particular, make sure that
if you have selected "Other" as a substrate, that it falls within the
description given in the protocols.

The Reef Check web site (http://www.ust.hk /~webrc/reef.html) has been
updated with last minute registrations, as well as photographs of Reef Check
teams on the "Faces and Places - Reef Check '97" page. Just added are photos
of the Reef Check Hong Kong opening dive. We'd love to add your team
pictures... so please send in some shots for our web site. A copy of the paper
"How to handle the media" has been added to our web site on the "Funding and
Public Relations" page.

****** REEF CHECK PARTY ******
Reef Check teams have expressed an interest in holding volunteer parties
to celebrate the completion of their surveys. Team leaders have contacted
us here at Headquarters to find out what plans or ideas other teams may have,
to help them do some brainstorming.
The idea of a Reef Check party for the individual teams is fantastic, it gives
teams the opportunity to celebrate the successful completion of their part of
the project. Ideally, it could be combined with a "survey completion" press
conference to increase the PR value.
So if you are planning to hold a party and have ideas on what form it may take
please send us the details so we can post them on the web site to share with
other groups.

****** PANAMA ******
Reef Check Headquarters would like to send a fond farewell to Peter Collinson,
who has now departed Panama. Thanks to Peter for all his assistance in
spearheading a Reef Check project in Panama! Peter was the Panama Coordinator
for Reef Check, and now Angel Tribaldos has kindly stepped in to take over this
role. All inquiries should now be directed to:
Angel Tribaldos <angeltri@pty.com> Fax: 507-226-2020

****** SOUTHEASTERN USA ******
Florida Keys Update: To date 16 people have been trained as trainers.
Another 22 divers have been trained to conduct the surveys. Currently
over 15 additional volunteer divers are scheduled to be trained. Six Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs) and one control area
have been surveyed. We have good data on all seven sites.
The program has appeared in several newspapers and magazines. In late
July, an Orlando, Florida TV station will film a Reef Check survey. In
addition, a program on The Learning Channel has shown an interest.
Mary Enstrom <menstrom@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>

****** TAIWAN ******
The ReefCheck 97' for Taiwanese coral reef kicked off on 13 July,
Sunday. Our society has executed Reef Check at two islands, both with
wide media coverage. The first targeted reef was Hsiao-Liu-Chio, a
coral reef island south-west near Taiwan (nearest distance is about 14 km).
The second reef is Green Island which is located in the east coast of Taiwan.
This team was lead by Prof. Keryea Soong from 14-18 July.

At Hsiaoliuchiu 36 divers participated, and 9 divers participated at Green
Island. A TV team was with us in Green Island, they plan to do a series
report. The dates for Orchid Island, Nanwan and Penghu has been set on
August 4-8, August 12-14 and August 15-18, respectively, each has a scientist
in charge. We also plan to do it on our East coast and North-east coast, but a
definite date not decided yet.
Allen Chen <allen@mail.nsysu.edu.tw> Fax: 886-7-5255027
Keryea Soong <keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw> Fax: 886-7-525-5100

****** EASTERN AUSTRALIA ******
GREAT BARRIER REEF
The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) is coordinating
Reef Check 97 on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). We will have 8 teams on
the GBR, lead mostly by GBRMPA and Department of Environment (DoE) staff,
and 1 dive tour operator (Undersea Explorer). We hope to cover around 22
sites, including inshore and midshelf by reefs around Cairns (with Undersea
Explorer, Lowe Isles Preservation Society, Nautilus Dive Club, James Cook
University, Department of Primary Industries and DoE staff), Townsville (with
the NQ Underwater Explorers Club), Whitsundays (with Order of Underwater Coral
Heroes), Rockhampton (with Keppel Dive and Heron Is Resort) and even a few
Coral Sea sites (Herald Cay with DoE and Osprey Reef with Undersea Explorer).
Each area will have its own local launch where the media will be invited to a
press conference. Launches will be staggered during the month of August.
Wish us luck! Ray Berkelmans <rayb@gbrmpa.gov.au> Fax: 61-77-72-6093

We in Australia are busy with the program right now out on the Great
Barrier Reef. At present Undersea Explorer is in the Ribbon Reefs with our
on board biologist David Wachenfeld leading a group of LIPS volunteer
reefcheckers. We are coordinating this with the Low Isles Preservation
Society (LIPS), a local community group who co-manage the environment
with the marine parks.
On Saturday 9th August a bunch of LIPS volunteers will work with Undersea
Explorer to conduct ReefCheck surveys at Low Isles following on from the
Undersea expedition. This will give us a useful cross shelf transect from Port
Douglas to Low Isles, out to the Ribbon Reefs and into the remote Coral Sea at
Osprey Reef. These are important sites as they are also research sites for many
other Undersea Explorer projects so data can be linked and will be available
into the future.
Andy Dunstan <adunstan@ozemail.com.au> Fax: 61-70-99-5914

****** INDONESIA ******
So far 6 areas (Derawan, Taka Bonerate, Pulau Seribu, Sang Hyang, and Bunaken)
have been surveyed, and data were compiled. Reefs around Derawan are in very
good condition. Volunteers reported that during the check they encountered a
school of Hammerhead sharks. In August (21 - 24), we plan to conduct training
for dive operators in Bali using reef check monitoring form. We had media
coverage for the Taka Bonerate, and some of the journalists and TV crews who
joined the reef check had introduction experience on scuba diving for the
first time. Gayatri Lilley <Glilley@wwfnet.org> Fax: 62-21-739-5907

****** ISRAEL ******
Reef Check activities in Israel were a success!!
We have completed our survey activities in Israel for the summer of 1997,
and are in the phase of data processing and post-press coverage now. We
received sponsorship from the Israeli Dive Federation, the University of
Haifa, and one of the local scuba clubs. In addition we had support from
NAUI Israel who provided us with video coverage, and the Nature Reserve
Authority who participated in our pre-survey preparations. We are now
preparing the final report to be sent to headquarters. We stayed at the
InterUniversity Institute which has a dorm facilities right next to the
Coral Beach Nature Reserve. Our small, but dedicated group of 10
diver-researchers were hand picked from the University of Haifa/Tel Aviv
University Marine Studies graduate programs, and included specialists in
Coral, Fish, and Invertebrate identification. As expected we saw the
damaging effects of scuba diving and snorkeling on the coral reef
communities of Eilat, and hope to use this information to promote community
environmental awareness and conservation. The major TV channels have been
contacted, and made copies of the video footage, and the two major diving
magazines are writing full length, color-photo articles of the activities.
Results are on the way soon!
Joe Breman <jbreman@study.haifa.ac.il> Fax: 011-972-4-824-0391

****** SOUTH AFRICA ******
We have joined up with the South African Underwater Ecology Society
(SAUES) and have already conducted a reef check survey in Ponto
Douro Mocambique. A further reef check survey is being negotiated in
Natal South Africa. In September a beach clean up and reef check will be
held in Ponto Douro. A media awareness campaign is underway involving
press, radio and television. A coral reef photographic competition is being
organised - the winning photos to be used in a calendar. We are also
negotiating an IYOR awareness weekend for divers and school children.
Peta Hunter <explorer@webware.co.za>

****** SOUTHWESTERN USA ******
The Akumal Reef Check team lead by Dr. Judy Lang successfully completed
surveys on four sites near Akumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. There were no
diveable 3 meter reefs so only 10 meter data was gathered. The volunteer
team performed very well and came away from the experience more educated
and much more concerned about the future of coral reefs. All volunteers
expressed great interest in being a part of future Reef Checks and local
community leaders have invited us back next year.
The event was covered by "Advanced Created Productions" and will be
included in an upcoming episode of "Caribbean Diving" which will air on
Network One sometime in November (exact air date is unknown at the moment).
The episode will include interviews with Judy and myself and underwater
clips of the volunteer team collecting data.
Shawn Brooks <sbrooks@waymark.net> Fax: 972-680-7114

****** RED SEA ******
The Red Sea Reef Check in Egypt has been running continuously over more
than seven weeks now (since mid-June). Eight ReefCheck groups have been
surveyed reefs in Egypt for approx. 2 weeks each! The team scientists,
coming from several countries in the world, each had "shifts" of approx.
two weeks and operated in co-operation with selected local facilities.

More than 25 sites were surveyed by the beginning of August. Two cities
received our main attention: Sharm el Sheikh and Hurghada. In addition a 2
week ReefCheck was conducted at Safaga, and also one week at Taba. The
project will be running until the end of August: so after ten weeks of Reef
Check we should have a good impression of the status of the reefs around
our "ReefCheck areas".

Gert Woerheide (Sharm) and Georg Heiss (Hurghada) were the first team
leaders in June who brought the project smoothly on the run. They were both
able to work from the beginning with volunteers, due to the support of the
staff of the diving centres, who did a very good great job in making the
project public to the guests!
Since then Moshira, Friedhelm Grothe, Astrid Haas and Raquel Gomez have
acted as group leaders in Sharm el Sheikh. In Hurghada: Anya Salih and
Marcos Gektidis were very active! Michael Eisinger was in Safaga and also
spent a week in the region of Taba.
It was a great job of all the team leaders!!! Arriving at their ReefCheck
site they had to recruit volunteers for the ReefCheck surveys from the
diving tourists. Getting people, who are on vacation, to change their
schedule and participate in ReefCheck required a lot of patience and
motivation work. The team scientists gave slide shows, talked to the
tourists again and again, as well as to the dive guides and instructors at
the diving centres. They must have answered about a thousand interested
questions. It was a "full time job", starting early in the morning, often
lasting until 10 p.m. or later. Most of the time we enjoyed the work
nevertheless; it is very rewarding when people get interested!

In addition to the ReefCheck activities the team leaders gave weekly public
slide shows about IYOR and ReefCheck: to spread the message of both IYOR
and ReefCheck, and to motivate the people to participate as volunteers.

Georg Heiss had prepared slides for this occasion: bilingual slides
(German/English) about the general goals of IYOR, ReefCheck, as well as the
detailed methods descriptions and species. We are very proud, that the
Israeli ReefCheck group, led by Joe Breman, used these slides as well as
our plastified identification cards for their ReefCheck at Eilat!!

Gert Woerheide convinced Nikon Germany to sponsor us: They lent us 2
underwater cameras (Nikonos V with flash) for the site documentation. Georg
got 30 films for free.
Airaqua offered us flights at greatly reduced rates.

Moshira had organized very generous conditions with local facilities:
diving centers, hotels, dive shop and others:
The Diving Centres offered free diving for the team scientists, often even
for more than one scientist at a time. (Sinai Divers in SHARM EL SHEIKH;
Jasmin Diving Centre in HURGHADA; Shams Safaga in PORT SAFAGA)
Sinai Divers extended its generosity towards all dive guides or diving
instructors in Sharm el Sheikh: Anybody working in the diving industry who
wished to actively participate in ReefCheck could join one of the ReefCheck
groups if there was room available. So in fact, often 4-5 people were doing
ReefCheck for free!
The group leaders had free accommodation and half board. The Ghazalla Hotel
in Sharm often accommodated and fed 2 scientists, the Jasmin and Shams
Safaga were even so generous as to give the team leaders full board for the
group and reductions on all hotel bills.
Despite some problems with one authority in Egypt, those who initially
supported IYOR and ReefCheck stood by the word they had given Moshira. Also
the diving centres, knowing of the difficulties we had encountered decided
to proceed with ReefCheck and risk the displeasure of the government. It
was solely trust in Moshira and the conviction that ReefCheck is a
necessity if we want to save Egypt's coral reefs that led them to this
decision. We are all very grateful for this support.

A German TV team has been down in Sharm and made a 8 min feature about the
Reef Check project with the co-ordinators. The feature was broadcasted in
the German TV during a special show about the International Year of the
Reef on July 13.

The areas around Hurghada and Sharm el Sheikh became fast growing tourist
centres since a couple of years and effects on the reefs are caused by the
still increasing number of divers and also by the hotel construction
activities. Reefs in Egypt are generally still in a comparably good state,
but quick action is needed to protect them from further damage. There are
local initiatives to conserve the reefs towards a positive and sustainable
reef management. HEPCA in Hurghada are doing their best. The National Park
has executive power over the entire region of Sinai and has achieved a lot
over the last years. Nevertheless, it is a continuous battle of interests:
fast money at the expense of the environment, versus sustainable use of the
same.
With ReefCheck scientists have endeavoured out and have taken up contact
with some groups that have a stake in coral reefs. We are still collecting
data. Our effort already achieved the "reaching out effect". Divers and the
facilities we have co-operated with are already hoping for a new ReefCheck
in 1998. They would like to participate in the next years and do all they
can to support us.
That is a success!!

If you need more information about the Red Sea ReefCheck, please contact us.
Moshira Hassan <mhassan@geomar.de> Fax: 49-431-600-2941
Gert Woerheide <gwoerhe@ibm.net> Fax: 49-(0)30-282-5406
or visit our homepage for a detailed project outline.
http://www.geologie.uni-stuttgart.de/IYOR/infos/reefcheck_egypt.html

***************************************************************
We apologize for any errors or omissions of news about your site. Please send
us a brief report on work completed by August for the September update. To
join Reef Check, please contact your nearest National or Regional Coordinator
listed on the web site, or Reef Check Headquarters as soon as possible.

Suzie Geermans, Assistant Reef Check Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
Tel: (852) 2358-6906 Fax: (852) 2358-1582
e-mail: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 11 17:49:38 1997
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Date: Mon, 11 Aug 1997 17:02:46 -0400 (EDT)
From: Nadav Shashar <nshashar@mbl.edu>
Subject: Northeast Regional Animal Behavior Meetings- call for papers
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 			CALL FOR PAPERS:
 	NORTHEAST REGIONAL ANIMAL BEHAVIOR MEETING

 		Marine Biological Laboratory
 		Woods Hole, MA 02543
 		October 3-5, 1997

 Keynote Address: "Do Clark's nutcrackers have cognitive maps?"
 Dr. Alan C. Kamil
 University of Nebraska

 Local Hosts: Jennifer Basil, Frank Grasso, and Roger Hanlon
 Sponsored By: Boston University Marine Program
 and the Marine Biological Laboratory

 CALL FOR PAPERS/POSTERS:

 	DEADLINE for RECEIPT of Abstraction and Registration
 			Sept 3, 1997
 	We encourage you to contribute to the scientific sessions by
 	presenting a talk or by preparing a poster. Anyone may present
 	either type and we especially encourage student
 	participation. The research reported at an Animal Behavior
 	meeting is expected to adhere to all ABS animal care and
 	welfare regulations.

 Mail Inquiries to:
 	NERAB
 	c/o Dr. Jennifer Basil
 	Boston University Marine Program
 	Marine Biological Laboratory
 	Woods Hole, MA 02543
 Or EMAIL us at:
 	basil@acs.bu.edu

 REGISTRATION
 	Participants are urged to pre-register by returning the form
 included with this announcement for receipt by Sept. 3rd. Registration
 fees are $20.00 for students and post-docs and $30.00 for faculty. A
 $5.00 charge will be added to on-site, and late registration (received
 after Sept. 3rd). A registration and information desk will be located
 in Swope Conference Center on Friday from 5-10pm, and in Lillie
 Auditorium from 8:00-8:45am on Saturday.

 Your registration package (received by us by September 3, 1997) must include:
 	1. Completed Housing and Pre-Registration Form, (below),
 	2. Non-refundable Check or Money Order for full registration
 		amount, room and board,
 	3. 2 copies of your abstract(s) (see instructions) in
 		hardcopy (one on reverse side of registration form,
 		one on a separate piece of paper),
 	4. Abstract on 3.5" IBM compatible disk saved as Word For
 		Windows or flat ascii text file.
 	5. Stamped, self-addressed postcard or envelope for
 		acknowledgement of receipt.

 Please make checks payable to Jennifer Basil and Frank Grasso (with
 "NERABs" written on "Memo" line on check)
 Return registration/housing/abstract/disk to:

 	NERAB
 	c/o Dr. Jennifer Basil
 	Boston University Marine Program
 	Marine Biological Laboratory
 	Woods Hole, MA 02543

 NERABs 1997 Pre-Registration Form
 Registration Information:
 Name ____________________________________________________
 (Your name as you would like it to appear on your name tag)
 Address ___________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________
 ___________________________________________________________________
 Telephone: 	Daytime:___________ Evening:____________________
 e-mail address_______________________________________________
 Presentation/AbstractTitle:_____________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________
 _____________________________________________________________________
 I would like to give a TALK______ POSTER______
 Presentation Needs: ___ carousel slide projector __overhead projector
 ____video (circle VHS or PAL)	____other:______________________
 Are you willing to chair a session? ______
 Please enclose a self-addressed, stamped (if U.S.) postcard or your
 e-mail address so we can notify you of the status of your talk or
 poster.
 Pre Registration -Fees:
 				Faculty		Students/PostDocs
 Amount
 Registration:			$30.00		$20.00		=_______
 Housing: (Choose one)
 	___ Full Package 	$200.00		$180.00
 	(Shared Room: Fri and Sat night; 6 Meals: Fri dinner-Sun lunch)
 	-OR-
 	___ 1 night Package:	$100.00		$90.00
 	Check one:	__Fri
 			__Sat (Each includes 3 meals, see below)=_______

 Meals Only (No Housing):
 	Per day:		$60.00			$60.00
 						X ____days	=_______
 	If one day only, check one:	__Fri Dinner-Sat lunch
 					__Sat Dinner-Sun Lunch)
 						ENCLOSED TOTAL: _______

 	___ Check here if you prefer vegetarian meals.

 Checks should be made to: Jennifer Basil and Frank Grasso (with NERAB
 in "memo"). All checks/ payments are Nonrefundable
 Onsite registration and registration received after Sept 3 will be
 subject to the following rates:
 				Faculty		Post-docs/Students
 Registration:			$35.00		$25.00
 Housing Package:		$220.00		$220.00
 Housing 1 night:		$110.00		$110.00
 Meals Only/day:			$60.00		$60.00

 Tentative Schedule
 Friday
 	Registration			5-10pm	Swope Center
 	Cocktail/Dinner		5-7pm		Swope Center
 	Reception		7-whenever	Meigs Room,Swope
 Saturday
 	Breakfast 		7-8:30am	Swope Center
 	Registration		8:00-8:45	Lilly Auditorium Lobby
 	Contributed Papers	9-10:20		Lilly Auditorium
 	Break			10:20-11	Lilly Auditorium Lobby
 	Contributed Papers	11-12:00	Lilly Auditorium
 	Lunch			12:00-1:00	Swope Center
 	Contributed Papers	1:00-2:30	Lilly Auditorium
 	Break			2:30-3:00	Lilly Auditorium Lobby
 	Keynote Address		3:00-4:15	Lilly Auditorium
 	Al Kamil "Do Clarke's Nutcrackers Have Cognitive Maps"
 	Lab Tours/Poster Setup	4:15-5:30	Labs/Swope
 	Cocktail/Dinner		5-7pm		Swope Center
 	Posters/Reception	7-whenever	Swope/Meigs Room
 Sunday
 	Breakfast		7-8:30am	Swope Center
 	Contributed Papers	9-10:20		Lilly Auditorium
 	Break			10:20-11	Lilly Lobby
 	Contributed Papers	11-12		Lilly Auditorium
 	Lunch			12-1		Swope Center
 	Excursion		1-whenever (TBA)

 ABSTRACT SUBMISSION INFORMATION:
 	All oral papers will be 20 minutes (15 min for presentation
 and 5 minutes for questions and discussion). Posters should be legible
 from a distance of at least 4 feet.
 	Pre-registration and payment must accompany an
 abstract. Please check the appropriate space for oral talk or poster
 on the registration form. Abstracts are required for both oral papers
 and poster papers (see instructions below). Abstracts will be
 compiled in a booklet form for all registrants. Note that the deadline
 for receipt (not postmark!) of the abstracts is September 3,
 1997. Direct ALL inquiries to: Dr. Jennifer Basil, (508) 289-7506,
 basil@acs.bu.edu. No FAXED or LATE abstracts will be accepted
 	Instructions for preparing an abstract: All portions of the
 abstract must be typed entirely within a 3" x 7" rectangle, such as
 the one below. Single space, leaving no top or left margins. Use a
 minimum of 10 pt type. Please send (1) two hard copies and (2) the
 identically formatted abstract on a 3.5" IBM-compatible disk, with
 your name, the title of your paper clearly printed on the label. Your
 abstract(s) should be saved to this disk as an MS-Word for Windows
 v.6.0 or lower file, or a flat ascii text file.
 	A good abstract accomplishes several objectives. First, it
 gives the purpose of your research so that others not familiar with
 your area of research will understand why you did what you did and be
 able to put your work into a broader context. Second, your methods are
 briefly summarized. Third, your key findings are provided. Finally,
 your conclusions and ideas about their implications are presented. The
 abstract is the only exposure that many people, including NERAB
 participants in other session, will have to your work. Make it as
 informative as you can.

 ACCOMODATIONS AND MEALS
 	Housing is available at Swope Conference Center, right on the
 Marine Biological Laboratory campus (see housing forms). There are
 also a number of hotels within walking distance of the Marine
 Biological Laboratory (Sands of Time: (508) 548-6300; Nautilus Motor
 Inn: (508) 548-1525; Sleepy Hollow Motor Inn: (508) 548-1986). A bit
 further out in Falmouth (you'll need a car) are the Quality Inn (508)
 540-2000, and Admirality Inn (508) 548-4240.
 	Meals will be available at the Swope Conference Center (see
 housing forms) but you must register for the meal plan in advance to
 receive the meeting rates. In addition, there are also a number of
 restaurants in Woods Hole that, of course, serve seafood, but they
 also serve vegetarian food, burgers, etc. There is also a great pub
 in town, the Captain Kidd.
 Onsite registration and registration received after Sept 3 will be
 subject to the following rates:
 				Faculty	Postdocs/Students
 Registration:			$35.00		$25.00
 Housing Package:		$220.00		$220.00
 Housing 1 night:		$110.00		$110.00
 Meals Only/day (no housing)	$60.00		$60.00

 TRAVEL INFORMATION
 	Car: See attached maps and instructions. Parking areas are
 outside the Swope center, where participants can be house and meals
 are served (see attached map of the Marine Biological
 Laboratory). Parking is free in MBL lots for participants, and permits
 can be picked up with housing materials.
 	Air: Woods Hole is approximately 1.75 hours from Boston (Logan
 Airport) and 1.5 hours from Providence, RI (T.F. Greene
 Airport). There is regular bus service directly from Logan to Woods
 Hole via Bonanza Buslines. There are also small flights from Boston
 and Providence to Hyannis airport, 25 miles from Woods Hole. If you
 fly to the meeting, we suggest taking the Bonanza Bus to and from
 Logan. It is convenient (they take you right to your terminal) and
 costs about $22.00 for a round-trip ticket to Woods Hole.

 DIRECTIONS to NERABs 1997
 TO THE BOURNE BRIDGE:
 From The North: Take Interstate 95 South which will take you around
 	Boston. South of Boston take Route 24 South Towards Taunton
 	and Fall River to Interstate 495. Follow Route 495 to the
 	Bourne Bridge (It becomes route 25 two exits before the bridge).

 From the West: Take the Mass Turnpike (Interstate 90) to Route 495
 	South. Follow Route 495 to the Bourne Bridge (It becomes route
 	25 two exits before the bridge).

 From the South: Take Interstate 95 North to Interstate 195 East. At
 	the end of Interstate 195 take Route 25 East to the Bourne
 	Bridge (do not take 495 North).

 FROM THE BOURNE BRIDGE: Take the Bridge across the Cape Cod Canal.
 Follow Route 28 South to Falmouth. In Falmouth Rt 28 becomes a local
 route. When Rt 28 bears left into Falmouth continue on Woods Hole
 Road. You will see a sign that says "Woods Hole 4 Miles". When you
 reach Woods Hole bear right at the Bank of Boston (away from the
 Ferries) and continue across the drawbridge. After the Drawbridge
 your first right (if you don't count parking lots) will be MBL St.
 The Swope center is at the end of the street. Park along MBL street
 (metered) and enter the Swope. At the front desk you can ask for a
 parking pass and directions to the appropriate parking lot. Meeting
 registration will be handled in the Swope on Friday Evening. Later
 registration will be in the Lillie Auditorium Lobby.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 12 17:54:18 1997
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Date: Tue, 12 Aug 1997 16:41:08 -0400
From: Meg Pearson <PEARSME@tsa.si.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Announcement for the list!! Thanks..
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In celebration of the International Year of the Reef, The Smithsonian
Associates in Washington, DC, present a course in collaboration with the
National Museum of Natural History: CORAL REEFS: RAIN FORESTS OF
THE SEA. The course will be held on Wednesdays from September 17
through October 29, 1997, at 6 p.m. Speakers will include Jean-Michel
Cousteau, Richard Grigg and Sylvia Earle, as well as many other
esteemed reef specialists. A private behind-the-scenes tour at the
National Museum of Natural History, including a research aquarium and
unusual reef specimens, completes the course. For more information or
to order tickets, please call The Smithsonian Associates at
(202)357-3030. On the web: www.si.edu/tsa/metro.htm
Meg Pearson, Public Affairs
pearsme@tsa.si.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 13 03:14:24 1997
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Date: Wed, 13 Aug 1997 09:38:24 +0300 (IDT)
From: Ariel Kushmaro <arielk@post.tau.ac.il>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Bleaching
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Object: Coral Bleaching

Dear coral-list members

I am working on bacterial ecology of corals and coral bleaching of corals
by bacteria. Our findings show that Vibrio AK1, previously shown to be the
causative agent of bleaching of the Mediterranean coral Oculina
patagonica, caused bleaching at 20 C, 23 C, 25 C and 29 C , but not at
16 C. This is consistent with the observation that the bleaching occurs
naturally in the summer when seawater temperature rise to 26 C and exceed
to a maximum of 29 C, and disappears during winter, when water
temperature decreases to 16 C. (Kushmaro, A., Y. Loya, M. Fine, and E.
Rosenberg. 1996. Bacterial infection and coral bleaching. Nature. 380:
396, and Kushmaro, A., E. Rosenberg, M. Fine, and Y. Loya. 1997.
Bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio Ak-1. Mar. Ecol. Prog.
Ser. 147: 159-165).

In order to determine if we dealing with a vibrio infection we asking for
help:
1. Try to streak mucous from bleached and non bleached corals on TCBS (
Difco ) plates and look for yellow colonies. (89g in 1 liter distilled
water, do not add salt)
2. send by express mail :
a. samples of bleached and non bleached corals.
b. Freeze-dried Samples of mucous and tissue from bleached and non
bleached coral in viles .
c. The mucous streaked onto Marine Agar ( 18 g marine broth MA 2216 Difco,
9 g NaCl and 18 g Bacto agar, Difco per 1 liter of deionized water) and
TCBS plates.
Based on this we should be able to determine if we dealing with a vibrio
infection.

 Sincerely yours,

A. Kushmaro
Ariel Kushmaro
Department of Zoology
Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel 69978
arielk@zoot.tau.ac.il
Tel: 972-3-6407683
Fax: 972-3-6407682

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 14 09:54:43 1997
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Date: 14 Aug 1997 09:23:07 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Major El Nino Brewing
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "Recipients of MarBio List" <marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
Cc: "Patti Bright" <bright@zool.umd.edu>,
 "Melody Chen" <chen@biology.ucsc.edu>,
 "OGP-Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>,
 "Steve Hammond" <hammonds@ucs.orst.edu>,
 "Jocelyn Kasow" <joce@wam.umd.edu>, "Ruth Kelty" <kelty@cbl.cees.edu>,
 "Dave O'Neill" <doneill@dundalk.cc.md.us>,
 "Ken Penland" <kenp@wam.umd.edu>, "Tom Shyka" <tshyka@wam.umd.edu>,
 "Jenny Steinberg" <steinberg@zool.umd.edu>,
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 "Dave Vanderweele" <dvander@cbl.cees.edu>,
 "Heather Benway" <benway@ogp.noaa.gov>
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 Subject: Time: 8:58 AM
 Major El Nino Brewing Date: 8/14/97

For those of you who are not aware, a major El Nino event is brewing in the
Pacific. Temperature anomalies and other variables in the Pacific are much
higher than they have been this time of year for any prior event in the last
50 years. Whether it peaks early or continues to grow is uncertain. However,
most forecasts call for continued warm conditions into early next year. This
could have dramatic effects on many marine and coastal ecosystems.

For more information on the event, you can track it at:
http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso/
and can read a good article for general audiences in the latest Time Magazine
through a link on:
http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso/press.html

Cheers,
Mark
__________________________________________________________
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD USA 20910-5603
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19 Fax: 301-427-2073
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 16 00:25:48 1997
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Date: Fri, 15 Aug 1997 23:55:49 -0400 (EDT)
From: Les Kaufman <lesk@bio.bu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral death marks
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Is there somewhere an illustrated encyclopedia of predator lesions on
corals and the organisms that produced them? I once produced such a thing
for Jamaica, am now having to do it in Hawaii (since so much is known
this is not terribly difficult), and continually feel like
this is reinventing the wheel. Or could we just pool our information so
the resource WOULD exist, say, on the WWW. The same would be useful for
responses to stressors that might be mistaken for bleaching.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 16 01:14:27 1997
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From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
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Les,

I can give you photos for scars produced by Exallias brevis and Chaetodon
ornatissimus. Both produce similar, superficial scars which are easily
recognizable on Porites spp. I do not have photos of the deeper scars
produced by Arothron meleagris and Cantherhines dumerilii and other
similar coralivores.

Bruce
************************************************************************

On Fri, 15 Aug 1997, Les Kaufman wrote:

> Is there somewhere an illustrated encyclopedia of predator lesions on
> corals and the organisms that produced them? I once produced such a thing
> for Jamaica, am now having to do it in Hawaii (since so much is known
> this is not terribly difficult), and continually feel like
> this is reinventing the wheel. Or could we just pool our information so
> the resource WOULD exist, say, on the WWW. The same would be useful for
> responses to stressors that might be mistaken for bleaching.
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 19 15:46:16 1997
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Date: Tue, 19 Aug 1997 15:14:32 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Strobe
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Can anyone advise me on a good UW strobe to go with my Nikonos III and
15mm lens? Something small and rugged, but with some power and coverage
for the lens.

Please reply just to me. Thanks.

*******PLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE AND FAX BELOW***********************

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/553-1109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 20 14:52:01 1997
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 13:11:26 -0700
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net>
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Organization: NURC/UNCW
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Graduate Fellowship: Funding for coral reef research
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International Society for Reef Studies
Graduate Fellowship for Coral Reef Research Research Studies:

1998 Announcement

SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS OCTOBER 15, 1997.

	Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, they
are globally distributed, and they support various aspects of coastal
economies. Yet coral reefs are widely recognized to be in decline and
studies are needed to provide information to manage and understand
processes that cause coral reef change. Funds are available,
approximately US$13,500, to support one student to work toward a Ph.D.
in the general area of coral reef ecosystem research. The focus of the
Fellowship is to understand and predict coral reef response to
management or disturbance-caused change (human-caused or natural).
Research supported by the fellowship should emphasize an ecosystem
approach, recognizing the complex interplay among many processes that
shape the way coral reefs look and function. Work that identifies
controls on productivity, biodiversity, abundance, biotic interactions,
nutrient dynamics, carbonate accretion or erosion, fisheries
recruitment, or utilization of other coral reef resources are examples
of suitable topics. Work is not restricted to these topics, but
controls should be emphasized because this information is important in
construction of models that predict reef response to disturbance.
Studies that include development or testing of such models are a
priority.

Who can apply?

	The Fellowship is available to students, worldwide, who are already
admitted to a graduate program at an accredited university. The intent
of the fellowship is to help students develop skills and to address
problems related to relevant applications of coral reef ecosystem
research and management. The fellowship can be used to support salary,
travel, fieldwork, or laboratory analyses. Renewal of the fellowship is
possible, but is based on annual resubmission. The student can work
entirely at the host university, or can split time between developed and
developing country universities. Priority in 1998 will be given to a
student based at a university located in a less developed country with
significant coral reef resources.

Application materials

	A four page proposal, double spaced, in English, is required from
prospective fellowship candidates that outlines the research program,
emphasizing the mix of applied and basic issues addressed in the
program. The proposal should include an overview, methods, expected
results, and a budget; it is important that proposals follow this format
exactly. Eight copies of the proposal must be provided. The students
major professor is required to submit a CV (maximum length 3 pages) and
a support letter, in English, that details cost sharing and facility
support. If work will be conducted at a second university, a support
letter is required from the sponsoring professor. Application
materials will be reviewed by an ISRS/CMC panel; evaluation criteria
include scientific merit, feasibility, cost sharing, and relevancy to
the Fellowship guidelines.

SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS OCTOBER 15, 1997.

Submit proposals to the ISRS Recording Secretary, UNC-Wilmington, 515
Caribbean Drive, Key Largo, Florida 33037. For additional information
contact SMiller@gate.net.

SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS OCTOBER 15, 1997.

Information about ISRS and CMS

The Society (ISRS) and the Center (CMC) support the Fellowship through
professional and administrative contributions. The mission of the ISRS
is to promote for the benefit of the public, the production and
dissemination of scientific knowledge and understanding concerning coral
reefs, both living and fossil. The mission of the CMC is to protect
ocean environments and conserve the abundance and diversity of marine
life. Its programs focus on eliminating four major threats to the
health of the marine environment: pollution, physical alteration of
marine ecosystems as a result of human activity, overexploitation of
marine resources, and loss of marine biodiversity.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 20 15:54:00 1997
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To: <bene@straylight.tamu.edu>, <coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu>,
 <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Griffis, Roger B" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Subject: NEWS YORK TIMES: Mysterious New Diseases Devastate Coral Reefs
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FYI
_______________________

August 19, 1997

NEWS YORK TIMES: Mysterious New Diseases Devastate Coral Reefs

 Mysterious New Diseases Devastate Coral Reefs

 By CAROL KAESUK YOON

 [T] wo coral researchers were asked to examine the
 reefs off the island of Bonaire in January after
 divers noticed strange white lesions on the star and
 brain corals in waters considered to be among the most
 pristine in the Caribbean.

 Under water, the researchers, Dr. Thomas J. Goreau and
 James Cervino, found something they had never seen
 before, huge patches of dead coral, bright white where
 the skeleton had been exposed after tissue had died;
 the skeleton itself was crumbling away.

 "We were quite horrified," said Goreau, who along with
 Cervino is with the Global Coral Reef Alliance, a
 nonprofit organization for the protection and
 management of reefs. "It looks like someone poured acid
 over the top of the coral. The skeleton itself is
 dissolved. I've been looking at reefs in the Caribbean
 probably longer than anyone else alive and I'd never
 seen it before. It's attacking at a speed and with a
 level of damage that is unprecedented."

 The researchers say rapid wasting disease, so named
 because it can spread several inches across a coral
 head in a single day, is all over the reefs of Bonaire
 and since January has been spotted in Mexico, Aruba,
 Curacao, Trinidad, Tobago, Grenada and St. John's in
 the Virgin Islands, an area spanning 2,000 miles.

 But more alarming than the spread of rapid wasting
 disease is the fact that it is only one among many
 mysterious new diseases that have been discovered
 attacking corals around the world. In what they are
 describing as an epidemic, researchers say that in the
 last few years corals, some centuries old, from the
 Florida Keys through the Caribbean to places as distant
 as the Philippines, are quickly succumbing to diseases
 never before seen.

 Unlike the many other stresses on corals with which
 scientists and the public have become quite familiar,
 including bleaching, sedimentation, pollution and
 rising sea temperatures, the rash of new diseases has
 taken researchers by surprise.

 "We're all stunned at the rapidity with which these new
 diseases are occurring," said Dr. James W. Porter, a
 marine ecologist at the University of Georgia in Athens
 who last year discovered a new disease known as white
 pox. "The problems are occurring at all depths, and the
 numbers of species affected is increasing as well as
 the number of individuals. It's definitely on the
 rise."

 Dr. Drew Harvell, an ecologist at Cornell University in
 Ithaca, N.Y., whose graduate student in the
 Philippines, Laurie Raymundo, recently found a disease
 in all her study areas that they have been unable to
 identify, said: "There seem to be more diseases than
 anyone can keep up with. There are a lot of new names
 and attempts to correlate symptoms with names and with
 causes, but so far, heaven only knows what's going on."

 Fewer than a dozen of the new diseases even have names
 and those with names are still in the process of being
 documented, leaving biologists to rely on word of mouth
 to keep the growing number of maladies straight. As a
 result, simply recognizing whether a coral is healthy
 or sick can be extremely difficult, even for practiced
 researchers.

 Last month at a meeting of the Association of Marine
 Laboratories of the Caribbean held in San Jose, Costa
 Rica, Goreau spoke at a special daylong session devoted
 to coral diseases, one of the first chances researchers
 have had to exchange information on the problem.

 "I showed about 50 pictures" of coral diseases, said
 Goreau, "but it wasn't nearly enough. Most people are
 saying, 'We're seeing all of these but we just didn't
 know it before.' " For example, rapid wasting disease,
 which exposes a white, crumbling skeleton, is easily
 and often mistaken for anchor damage or parrotfish
 bites.

 Scientists say they have no idea why diseases are
 exploding on corals now. Some speculate that multiple
 stresses, like bleaching, sedimentation and pollution,
 have pushed corals to the breaking point so that they
 are now unable to fend off diseases that they have
 fought off in the past. With the scant and scattered
 information researchers have so far on where the
 diseases are, there seems to be little sense to their
 spread, with some pristine reefs succumbing to disease
 while other much more polluted reefs remain healthy.

 "It's a baffling situation," Goreau said. "Most
 diseases are new. They don't correlate with each other
 or any known environmental stress. In Bonaire, rapid
 wasting disease is having a devastating impact, yet the
 reefs there are so clean."

 Others have suggested that perhaps erosion and the
 dumping of sewage and other wastes into the sea has
 brought a whole host of new pathogens in contact with
 corals and some are taking hold. While the notion that
 terrestrial pathogens might begin underwater attacks on
 corals might seem far-fetched, researchers say there is
 evidence that at least one of the newly emerging
 diseases, sea fan disease, is caused by an organism
 that invaded from land.

 Discovered just four years ago, this disease of soft
 corals is now widespread in the Caribbean and has been
 shown to be caused by a highly opportunistic fungus
 called Aspergillus. Adhering to sediment that has
 washed into the sea, the fungi begin to grow when they
 encounter a sea fan. Researchers say they are sure it
 is a fungus brought from land because it cannot
 complete its life cycle in the ocean. "It's a
 terrestrial organism that has crossed the land-sea
 barrier," Harvell said.

 Researchers suspect a fungus is behind rapid wasting
 disease and various bacteria are implicated in other
 new coral diseases. But for the most part, definite
 causes remain unknown.

 Scientists say even corals in aquariums, like the
 Waikiki Aquarium in Honolulu and the National Aquarium
 in Baltimore, are being hit.

 In order to make identification of diseases more
 straightforward, some researchers are trying to develop
 molecular tests for coral diseases. Dr. Harvell and
 colleagues are working on a test for sea fan disease,
 trying to develop a sort of DNA fingerprint of the
 pathogen that would allow researchers who suspect that
 a coral has the disease to test DNA from the infected
 area and find out definitively if the fungus that
 causes sea fan disease is present.

 As scientists struggle to identify illnesses, cures for
 sick corals appear to be a long way off. Some have
 suggested simply applying antibiotics to the reefs.
 Scientists warn, however, of the unknown hazards of
 dispensing into the seas a drug that can destroy useful
 bacteria as easily as harmful bacteria and that may not
 do any good if the pathogens that are involved turn out
 not to be bacteria at all.

 Researchers have had the most luck treating black band
 disease by vacuuming off the diseased band of tissue
 that gives the illness its name. But the work is
 extremely time-consuming, and that type of approach is
 practically impossible for the most quickly spreading
 and worrisome diseases.

 "I couldn't imagine going out and treating a disease
 like that," said Dr. Laurie Richardson, an aquatic
 microbiologist at Florida International University in
 Miami who studies white plague type 2, a disease that
 swept through the upper Florida keys in 1995. In just
 four months, it spread more than 100 miles, jumping
 from one to 17 species of corals.

 But while scientists lament having to stand back and
 watch these diseases ravage coral populations, they
 note that sometimes no treatment can be the best cure.
 Once a disease is allowed to rage through an area, any
 healthy, resistant individuals left behind can begin to
 rebuild a tougher population.

 Other inhabitants of reefs are beginning to come down
 with diseases as well. Dr. Goreau said sponges,
 coralline algae and sea urchins were also succumbing to
 new illnesses, further threatening the health of reef
 communities.

 Coral reef biologists say they are further frustrated
 by a lack of money for such quickly unfolding research.

 "We've tried getting money from the National Science
 Foundation," said Dr. Goreau. "You send a proposal and
 wait a year or two for the review. You can't deal with
 this kind of emergency science that way."

 Researchers are now scrambling to document the extent
 of these emerging diseases, the numbers and types of
 corals attacked, and the level of virulence of these
 pathogens. But with such basic information still
 largely unknown, they are left with a mixture of dread
 and hope.

 Cervino, for one, is soliciting reports of new
 outbreaks of coral diseases from observers around the
 world. His e-mail address is: cnidariaearthlink.net.

 "There are places where there are 200- and 300-year-old
 coral colonies being devastated," said Dr. Esther
 Peters, senior scientist at Tetra Tech, an
 environmental consulting company in Fairfax, Va., "and
 there are places where the corals are fine. I'm afraid
 it is getting worse, but all is not lost yet."

 Home | Sections | Contents | Search | Forums | Help

 Copyright 1997 The New York Times Company

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 20 20:03:13 1997
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Date: Thu, 21 Aug 1997 09:46:14 +1000 (EST)
From: Tsai Sin <Tsai.Sin@jcu.edu.au>
Reply-To: Tsai Sin <Tsai.Sin@jcu.edu.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: statistical packages
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.93.970821094136.25793A-100000@lionfish.jcu.edu.au>
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Guys,

I was wondering if there's anyone out there who knows of a stats package
that does decent h-plots and bi-plots for multivariate analysis? At the
moment, I'm doing the plots manually in either Excel or Sigmaplot but it's
taking too much time (7 separate plots for a Canonical Correlation
Analysis).

Thanks for the information,

tsai

Tsai Sin
Department of Marine Biology
James Cook University
Douglas, Townsville
QLD 4811
Australia

email: Tsai.Sin@jcu.edu.au

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 20 20:21:09 1997
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Date: Wed, 20 Aug 1997 19:06:52 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: plbentos@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx (Bentos)
Subject: CORAL REEFS OF MEXICO
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COMMUNICATION ADDRESSED TO MARINE SCIENTISTS INVOLVED WITH THE ASSESSMENT
OF THE STATUS OF MEXICO'S CORAL REEFS:

One of the major difficulties to implement the International Coral Reef
Initiative (ICRI) in Mexico, is the lack of a national assessment of the
status of coral reefs. As a first step to implement the ICRI, an overview
of the current methodologies employed for the assessment of coral reefs is
necessary. The definition of the best available methodologies for Mexico
will enable to establish baselines to initiate management and a national
monitoring network. Given that the best methodology for each coral reef
depends on its environmental particularities, different methodologies will
prove adequate in each region of the country.

If you have been involved with the coral reefs in Mexico, your
cooperation by answering the following quest will be very useful to
begin the implementation of this initiative *:

1. Name and university or place of employment.
2. Survey area in Mexico where your research has been conducted.
3. Human impacts influencing coral reefs in the surveyed area.
4. Reef type (i.e., coastal reef) to which your study area corresponds.
5. Physiographic, oceanographic, and ecological description of the surveyed
area.
6. Dominant coral genera (or species) observed in the surveyed area.
6. Purposes of your research on the Mexico' coral reefs.
8. Survey method (s) used in your research.
9. Adequacy of the method (s) selected for your surveys (in the light of
the particular features of the study area).
13. Publications issued from your research.
14. Comments.

Thanks in advance.

* Please, be aware of responding directly to our email address.

PhD Pedro Ardisson
Biol. Juan Jose Duran
Oceanol. Alfonso Cuevas

Laboratorio de Bentos
CINVESTAV-IPN-Unidad Merida
Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km. 6
Apartado Postal 73, Cordemex C.P. 97310
Tels: (99) 81-29-73 ext. 292
FAX: (99) 81-29-17

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 21 00:36:24 1997
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From: dbucher@scu.edu.au (Daniel Bucher)
Subject: its happening again
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Dear all,

It seems that our friends at solwarra.gbrmpa.gov.au have produced another
infinite mail loop. Would whoever fixed the problem last time please help
us again.

 ---------------------------------------------------
 *
 * *
 +
 DANIEL BUCHER *

 Associate Lecturer in Biology/Ecology
 Centre for Coastal Management
 SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY
 P.O. Box 157, Lismore, N.S.W. Australia, 2480
 Phone: +61+66 203665 Fax: +61+66 212669
 E-mail: dbucher@scu.edu.au

 -----------------------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 22 10:34:30 1997
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From: prtaylor@nsf.gov
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To: bene@straylight.tamu.edu, coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Subject: Re: NEWS YORK TIMES: Mysterious New Diseases Devastate Coral
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22 August 1997

FYI,

Thanks go to Roger Griffis over at NOAA for distributing the NY Times
piece (by Carol Yoon) on coral disease in the western tropical
Atlantic Ocean. This important article has been, no doubt, widely
read. It will hopefully bring further attention to ecological
problems in the world's coral reefs, as well as the difficulty of
studying the etiology of diseases in natural marine ecosystems.

One piece of untruth in the article is particularly troublesome. It
is found in the following quote:
 "We've tried getting money from the National Science
 Foundation," said Dr. Goreau. "You send a proposal and
 wait a year or two for the review. You can't deal with
 this kind of emergency science that way."

I won't debate why any of Dr. Goreau's attempts to secure funding for
basic research related to the biology/ecology of coral diseases were
not successful. I will simply point out that the U.S. National
Science Foundation is indeed fully capable of making very rapid awards
to respond to time-dependent opportunities for scientific discovery.
Commitments are sometimes made on time-scales of less than a week
after complete internal review of the proposal science.

As a very appropriate example, Dr. Drew Harvell (Cornell University)
received last year a rapid-response award from the Division of Ocean
Sciences, NSF for studying disease in tropical Atlantic gorgonians and
has just received supplemental, rapid-response support for additional
studies. At the same time, Dr. Harvell is attempting to secure
longer-term funding via peer-reviewed science proposals to the NSF and
perhaps other funding agencies. Dr. Harvell was one of the
scientists interviewed for Ms. Yoon's article.

Another example relevant to the ecology of reefs and their responses
to perturbations comes with agreement earlier this year to support Dr.
Gerard Wellington's (University of Houston) request for rapid-response
funding. Dr. Wellington, who is supported by the NSF for other
studies on reef ecology, will use the rapid-response funding to look
at the impact of the coming ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) on the
population ecology of reef fishes in the Galapagos and to compare the
impact of this ENSO to the intense one experienced in the 1982-83 time
frame. Some current predictions suggest that the coming ENSO will be
even more intense than that of 1982-83.

And again, last year Dr. Deborah Brosnan (Sustainable Ecosystems
Institute) received a rapid-response award from the NSF for studying
the response of coral reef ecosystems to the volcanic eruptions on
Montserrat.

By three examples of very many, this should show that the U.S.
National Science Foundation is very capable of responding to
time-dependent scientific research opportunities. And it welcomes and
supports such requests routinely. Brief proposals showing high
scientific merit -- an important problem, an appropriate scientific
approach that will likely yield rigorous results, investigators with
evidence of strong scientific credentials and experience - do yield
success. And these successful exploratory efforts are often followed
with additional support of proposals that have entered the usual,
4-to-6-month, full peer-review process.

Respectfully

Phil Taylor

*********************************

Phillip Taylor, Director
Biological Oceanography Program
Division of Ocean Sciences
National Science Foundation
4201 Wilson Blvd. Suite 725
Arlington, VA 22230
prtaylor@nsf.gov
phone 703-306-1587 fax 306-0390

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 22 11:18:10 1997
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Date: Fri, 22 Aug 1997 10:37:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
cc: CoralBleach <Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov>,
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 Fran Holt <fholt@nesdis.noaa.gov>, Mark Eakin <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>,
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Subject: El Nino on NPR (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.970822103550.2390D-100000@arctic>
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Choose your favorite NPR station...

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
				Alan E. Strong
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		 Oceanography Department
 -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402
 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail]
 Stop 9910		 Camp Springs, MD 20746 410-293-2137 [FAX]
 Washington, DC 20233-9910			 strong@nadn.navy.mil
		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
	301-763-8102	FAX: 301-763-8108

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 22 Aug 1997 09:30:43 -0400 (EDT)
From: Assoc Prof Mario EC Vieira <vieira@nadn.navy.mil>
To: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@arctic.nadn.navy.mil>,
 Assoc Prof David R Smith <drsmith@arctic.nadn.navy.mil>
Subject: El Nino on NPR (fwd)

FYI

*************************************************************************
Mario E. C. Vieira, Ph.D. Telephone: (410) 293-6567
Associate Professor Fax: (410) 293-2137
Oceanography Department Email: vieira@nadn.navy.mil
US Naval Academy http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/
Annapolis, MD 21402-5026
*************************************************************************

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 22 Aug 1997 09:27:43 -0400 (EDT)
From: Barbara B Yoakum <yoakum@nadn.navy.mil>
To: Assoc Prof Mario EC Vieira <vieira@arctic.nadn.navy.mil>
Cc: Barbara B Yoakum <yoakum@arctic.nadn.navy.mil>
Subject: El Nino on NPR

Hi Mario,
	One of my colleagues informed me that today on NPR (88.5 FM) at
2:00 pm the Talk of the Nation:Science Friday show will include a
discussion of this year's El Nino event (during the first hour of the
program).
	Further information on this can be found under NPR's Science
Friday Web page at http://www.sciencefriday.com/
	Guests on this portion of the show will include John Kermone,
Visiting Scientitst, Office of Global Programs, NOAA; Antonio Moura,
Director, International Research Institute for Seasonal to Interannual
Climate Prediction; Stephen Zebiak, Senior Research Scientist,
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University.
	Please pass this information on to any of your colleagues who may
be interested in it.
	Thanks very much. Barbara

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On Wed, 23 Jul 1997, Programa de Tortugas Marinas wrote:

>
> Doctor Williams, Ernest H., Jr, PhD.

> Reciba usted un cordial y respetuos saludo.
> Mi nombre es Carlos Mario Orrego Vasquez,soy medico veterinario egresado
> de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin-Colombia.
> Actualmente participo como asistente en el proyecto de monitoreo
> poblacional con la tortuga lora (Lepidochelys olivacea) en la playa de
> Nancite, Costa Rica.
> En 1992, tuve la oportunidad de participar como asistente de campo en un
> proyecto on los delfines rosados del Amazonas en Puerto Nario, Colombia.
>
> He recibido la informacion de parte de la Universidad de Puerto Rico,
> centro Mayaguez, donde ofrecen el phd. en biologia marina, en el cual
> estoy seriamente interesado aplicar, dentro de este paquete de informacion
> hay una lista con los profesores del departamento y sus lineas de
> investigacion, al leerlo detenidamente me interesa establecer contactos
> con usted con miras a la tutoria necesaria para la aplicacion y desempeo
> mio dentro del centro como futuro estudiante de doctorado. Quisiera poder
> trabajar a nivel de parasitos en organismos acuaticos, este tema se
> ajusta a uno de los que aparecen dentro de sus lineas de trabajo.
> Durante esta semana se esta realizando en Costa Rica la reunion de
> laboratorios marinos del Caribe y he tenido la oportunidad de estar
> presente, en este congreso encontre representacion de la Universidad de
> Puerto Rico, he estado conversando con algunos profesores de
> los que
> asistieron y ellos se ofrecen a llevarme la aplicacion directamente, pues
> el plazo se vence ahora en septiembre para comenzar el proximo ao en el
> mes de enero. La verdad es que estoy muy interesado en ser admitido en
> este programa de estudios para lo cual solicito su ayuda como posible
> tutor, quiero decirle que debo enviar la aplicacion lo mas pronto posible
> con miras a empezar a buscar entidades a nivel de mi pais o el exterior
> que puedan ayudarme a financiar los estudios.
> Estare atento a cualquier informacion que pueda brindarme, agradezco de
> antemano su valiosa colaboracion, muchas gracias.
> Cordialmente.
> Carlos Mario Orrego Vasquez

Dr. Williams, hetenido ahora oportunidad de intercambiar por e-mail a
traves del Dr. jose Lopez su direccion electronica a la cual le estoy
enviando nuevamente este mensaje, pues desde el mes pasado de julio, una
vez concluyo el congreso de Laboratorios Marinos aca en Costa Rica, en la
Universidad de Costa Rica he tratado de hacer contacto con usted.
Como le mencionaba en el primer parrafo de esta carta, estoy actualmente
vinculado en un proyecto de investigacion on la tortuga lora, en la playa
de Nancite, donde permanezco interno durante 20 dias de cada mes, hasta
que llega la luna llena, que es la epoca en que normalmente las tortugas
no llegan a la playa a desovar, por tanto solo puedo tener acceso al
e-mail en cada luna llena, estare aca hasta el proximo 30 de agosto.
Agradezco cualquier informacion, que me pueda brindar y estare atento a
establecer nuestra comunicacion porque quiero iniciar estudios en su
recinto.
Muchas gracias nuevamente, mucha suerte.
Carlos Mario Orrego vasquez

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 23 21:13:22 1997
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Date: Sun, 24 Aug 1997 10:29:54 +1000 (EST)
From: Tsai Sin <Tsai.Sin@jcu.edu.au>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: re: statistical packages
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Just to say thanks to everyone who replied regarding the programs for
doing bi-plots and h-plots. I'll sort through the options and get back to
anyone who;s interested.

tsai

Tsai Sin
Department of Marine Biology
James cook University
Douglas, Townsville
QLD 4811
Australia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 25 09:32:03 1997
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 1997 20:12:41 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
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Subject: Fires Of Indonesia & Reef Affection?
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Hello Coral-L,

We have been experiencing smoke haze in the Kota Kinabalu / P. Gaya area
[if not all of Sabah] for the past few weeks. Visibility is less than 5
kilometres at times.

It appears that this may be causing a type of "greenhouse" affect,
whereas air & sea temperatures may be on the rise. Some of the shallow
water corals at P. Gaya are fading in color as well.

Though the nations of Indonesia & Malaysia are "talking" about this
potentially serious ecological problem, no action has yet been prescibed
upon.

Any other subsribers to this List wish to comment? Prior experiences in
, say, volcanic haze over extended periods of time and coral reef
affection?

Don Baker
Sabah/Malaysia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 25 10:59:32 1997
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 1997 10:29:23 -0400 (EDT)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: BLEACHING REPORT (fwd)
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FYI -- Appreciate any further info on this activity as SSTs show hint of
increase in western Caribbean over past week...a few more tenths of a
degree in the Caymans and bleachiung may be close at hand.

HotSpots can be seen at:

http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html

or

http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climo&hot.html

Cheers,
Al

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
				Alan E. Strong
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		 Oceanography Department
 -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402
 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail]
 Stop 9910		 Camp Springs, MD 20746 410-293-2137 [FAX]
 Washington, DC 20233-9910			 strong@nadn.navy.mil
		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
	301-763-8102	FAX: 301-763-8108

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sat, 23 Aug 1997 14:02:57 -0400
From: Raymond Hayes <rhayes@fac.howard.edu>
To: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
Subject: BLEACHING REPORT

Al,
	Spoke with Tom [Goreau] last night. He has just returned from the
Phillipines. He reports that bleaching has begun in Mexico off Porto
[Puerto] Moreles, according to Bob Trench's student, Iglesias. How does
this compare with the current SST anomaly map? Tom would like you to send
him a current SST map, if available.... Will be in touch next week about
other possible sites of bleaching during this season.
				Ray

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 25 11:43:04 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Disclaimer
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Re: Brighter Prospects for the World's Coral Reefs?
 Science, 25 July 1997

To anyone who might be thinking that Bob Stenck and I are of the delusion
that we invented the Rapid Assessment Protocol, let me please clarify that
what we are really doing is helping Phil Kramer and many others try to
realize Bob Ginsburg's goal of developing protocols for rapidly screening
the present health of Caribbean-area reef corals and coral reefs.

More generally, the view presented in this article--that midway through the
International Year of the Reef, "some coral reef scientists are beginning
to suspect that reefs may not be quite as widely imperiled as they once
thought" (p. 489)-- really isn't an accurate presentation of my
understanding of what at least some of us were trying to articulate.

Surely we all agree that many reefs near large human populations have
declined. A genuine sense of alarm for what might happen if present trends
continue inspires much of everyone's current research, monitoring,
management and/or educational efforts. Where we have differed is in our
respective levels of confidence at guesstimating the global-scale future of
reefs over the next century.

As expressed by Bob Steneck (pers. comm.) several months ago, "our concern
is not whether some reefs are in trouble, it's whether all reefs are in
trouble and, if not, which ones are and which ones are not".

One of IYOR's primary goals is: "A better assessment of the health of the
world's reefs, as a result of research and monitoring programmes, and
identification of those reefs in greatest need of conservation and
management." Hence, it's unfortunate that we were collectively
characterized as having overlooked how narrowly reefs had been surveyed in
our so-called "frenzy to convey the severity of the problem" (p. 492).

Oh well, at least valid concerns about the world's coral reefs are getting
some positive play in the scientific press!
Judy Lang

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 25 13:05:33 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Montastrea spawning
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Dear spawning enthusiasts!,

Havn't seen much come accross the list about spawnig yet, so I thought I'd
start the ball rolling!

Last night, Aug 24, Montastrea sp. colonies were observed spawning in Key
Largo, FL. Volunteer diverswitnessed the first bundles, still inside the
polyps, at 11:06pm. At 11:15 the first spawning release was seen and both
fast and slow release from different colonies continued through 11:48. The
majority of the activity took place between 11:20 and 11:40pm.

The spawning activity witnessed by our group took place on the shoreward side
of Key Largo Dry Rocks in approx 12 feet of water. Sea conditions were less
than 1 foot, wind out of the east at approx 5-10 kts, skies clear to partly
cloudy, water temp approx. 86-87 degrees, very slight current to the north
(probably tidal).

Though many colonies were observed spawning last night, there were a number
of colonies that did not appear to have spawned. I expect additional
spawning to occur tonight. I'll keep you posted.

Laddie Akins
REEF

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 25 14:15:09 1997
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Date: Mon, 25 Aug 1997 13:33:08 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network <gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: GCRMN Report
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Please excuse cross-postings.

The GCRMN Report to IOC-UNESCO (July, 1997), and Report on Suva, Fiji,
17-18 July, 1997 meeting, has been placed at the GCRMN Web site:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 25 14:44:50 1997
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network <gcrmn@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Please excuse cross-postings.

The GCRMN Report to IOC-UNESCO (July, 1997), and Report on Suva, Fiji,
17-18 July, 1997 meeting, has been placed at the GCRMN Web site:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 25 23:36:52 1997
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Date: 	Tue, 26 Aug 1997 10:52:39 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
Organization: Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Brighter Prospects
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Re: Brighter Prospects for the World's Coral Reefs?

It is great that Science is devoting space to coral reefs, however, no
doubt a majority of us do not agree with the headline for this story,
which simply reflects the bias of the news writer who clearly tried hard
to fit the available info into her own rosy view of the world. That job
was not easy, hence, there are many logic gaps and contradictions in the
story. When juxtaposed with the headline, the best is,

"By any criterion, though, there has been little progress toward
stemming the decline of reefs." p. 493.

If you agree that this story was a poorly written, confused
misrepresentation of the prevailing scientific view on the prospects for
the health of coral reefs and coral reef fish, please send a note to
Christine Gilbert, letters editor of Science at:

science_letters@aaas.org
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
tel: (852) 2358-8568 fax: (852) 2358-1582
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 26 10:29:54 1997
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To: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang), coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Phillip Dustan <pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu>
Subject: Re: Disclaimer
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 I would second JudyLang's thoughts and add that I felt that Liz(
Science) diluted the Caribbean and western Atlantic with the Pacific. I
spoke with her at length about the Caribbean and western Atlantic but the
issues of nutrification, lack of herbivory, bleaching, coral diseases,
watershed effluent, and nested levels of stress that are so important for
this region somehow seemed to get lost and bound into a quote about '''"if
you stop the stress the reefs will heal themselves (or some such). And
anyway, the Pacific is OK so its still an open issue... right?
 Anyone who has been diving inthe Florida Keys, Jamaica, or a host
of other locales throughout the Caribbean cannot ignore their own
observations but might want to ignore Science.
 My hat is off to Dr. Bob who came up with the idea of IYOR and to
Gregor who has pushed so hard for ReefCheck. But lets also get real and
stop kidding ourselves that everything is OK.
 Phil Dustan

Phil Dustan		pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu
Department of Biology	telephone 803-953-8086
University of Charleston	fax 803 953-5453
Charleston S.C. 29424

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 26 12:05:31 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Disclaimer-pt.2
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Re: Brighter Prospects for the World's Coral Reefs?
Gregor Hodgson wrote:
>It is great that Science is devoting space to coral reefs, however, no
>doubt a majority of us do not agree with the headline for this story,
>which simply reflects the bias of the news writer who clearly tried hard
>to fit the available info into her own rosy view of the world.

In defence of the reporter: not knowing how much of the article, including
its headline, was written or rewritten by an editor, we really aren't privy
to her world view.

On another matter, and in Gregor's defence: I've received a most moving
letter from a recreational diver which ends, "I find myself wanting to
learn more in the hope I can better explain things to those around me." If
Reef Check is having a similar transformational effect on other volunteers,
his goal of raising public awareness of the value of coral reefs and of
threats to their health is definitely being achieved.

Judy Lang

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 26 20:46:23 1997
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From: gussman_o@usp.ac.fj
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 27 Aug 1997 11:48:27 +1200
Date: Wed, 27 Aug 1997 11:56:54 +0000
Subject: carbonate budgets
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear Coral-Listers,

I am working on Halimeda calcium carbonate budgets on Fijian reefs
for my PhD dissertation. Combing through the literature of
sedimentation and carbonate production, I developed a couple of
questions concerning carbonate budgets in general, which I hope
one of you might answer:

1. In bioerosion and deposit feeding activities carbonate material
is often reduced in size (muds). While these activities produce
sediment and add to the reef budget initially (or at least may not
affect it, as by deposit feeders), it is also more likely to be
washed out during extreme (and normal?) weather conditions.

Is it generally assumed that any bioeroded material is lost to the
system (bioerosion = loss to carbonate budget?), or is there an
indication as to what proportion is retained within the reef?

In addition, bioerosion is thought to make substrates more prone to
mechanical erosion. Is there any qualitative/ quantitative data on
this process? The only one I found so far is in a study on
barnacles, quoted in Orme (see below for reference).

2. This raises the question of rates of cementation. Are there any
published rates of cementation of loose material, by e.g. the often
quoted red coralline algae? Or is it their growth rates that
indicates cementation?

Orme (1977, in Biology and Geology of Coral Reefs, Jones and Endean
eds., Volume 4, Geology 2; "Aspects of coral reef sedimentation" )
states that "enourmous blocks are quickly cemented to the reef on
which they come to rest", which is the only (qualitative) information
I could find.

I hope my request is appropriate for this list. Please respond to me
personally <gussman_o@usp.ac.fj>. Looking forward to discussions.

Sincerely,
Oliver

Oliver Gussmann
(PhD Student)
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
fax: +643-479-8336
oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz

(in Fiji until end-November at)

c/o Marine Studies Programme
University of the South Pacific
P.O. Box 1168, Suva, Fiji
fax: +679-301-490
gussman_o@usp.ac.fj

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 27 09:05:01 1997
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From: Michael Keller <t04mak@abdn.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: A request for a little help
Message-ID: <SIMEON.9708271321.B@fng24am.abdn.ac.uk>
Date: Wed, 27 Aug 1997 13:36:21 +0100 (BST)
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Hello there coral-listers,

Please excuse my impertinense in asking for the following.
I will shortly depart for Malaysia to join the
team conducting the extensive survey of the reefs of
eastern Malaysia. I will be joining them to survey the
relatively pristine reefs of Pulau Layang Layang, however
the storm season is rapidly approaching and will make
work more or less impossible from the end of september
onwards. I am using this as an excuse to go to visit some
family members in Australia and while I am there I would
very much like to visit the Great barier reef and see for
myself some of the work that is being done there. I am
particulary interested in sustainable management strategies
for the use reefs for tourism, fishing, etc.
I therefore have the folowing request: does anyone out there
know of anybody who would not mind to much if I came to
learn a little bit about their work on the Great Barrier
Reef?

Thanks in advance for your help, and sorry for putting such
a personal request on the list

yours

mike

----------------------
Michael Keller
@abdn.ac.uk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 27 09:40:12 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@norway-c.it.earthlink.net>
Subject: Coral Diseases on The Rise!
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Dear Colleagues,

I am currently tracking and epizootic in the Caribbean, tearmed Rapid
Wasting Disease and Yellow Blotch or Band. My data confirms that YB is now
in Bonaire, Aruba, Curacao, Cayman. I have not seen it in Grenada, or
Tobago. Does anyone have info reguarding this epizootic??

Also I am looking for a striking fast spreading disease that is affecting
M.annularis and C.natans. Dr. Tom Goreau and I have been tracking this new
disease for the past 7 months, and has slowed down for now, however Yellow
Band Disease has increased. RWD is
seen in shallow depths no deeper that 72 ft and seen predominantly between
20 and 50 ft. The distruction starts on the tops of the multi-lobate
M.annularis coral heads, and starts around the edges of C.natans. Last
month I returned to my study sites and witnessed the 90% of all the tops of
these species are wiped out by RWD. It either kills the whole coral colony
or stops half way for the Yellow Band Disease to finish the killing
mission. Or the opposite.

I have been sending samples to Dr. Garriet Smith of University of South
Carolina, and is now culturing the samples on a preferred media. The
histology of fixed samples has been conducted by Dr. Ray Hayes, he
completed microscopic examinations of both species. Sections reveal a
filamentous fungus which appears as a meshwork of individual hyphae
organized into mycelia. The mycelium covers the surface of and impregnatesn
the coral epidermis, excess mucoid production appears to be disrupting the
arrangment. The fungus appears to be disolving the skeleton, the septa and
calix are severly depressed. Whereas the Yellow Band Disease leaves the
skeleton (septa and calix) intact and not depressed. See Science June 27th
under Random Samples, Ocean Realm summer issue.

Any help would help a great deal?? Also does any one have photos?? I will
announce a lecture and slide presentation that will be held in Woods Hole,
at the MBL or WHOI the latter part of Sept., any one interested in
epizootics should try to make this. I will be showing the detailed spread
of this fast spreading disease, along w/ other diseases in the field, along
w/ video. please let me know if anyone is interested??

James M. Cervino

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 27 13:08:13 1997
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Organization: Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
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Date: Wed, 27 Aug 1997 10:39:09 -0600 (CST)
From: Programa de Tortugas Marinas <loras@una.ac.cr>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: your mail
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.96.970822135652.20057C-100000@irazu>
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On Fri, 22 Aug 1997, Programa de Tortugas Marinas wrote:

> On Wed, 23 Jul 1997, Programa de Tortugas Marinas wrote:
>
> >
> > Doctor Williams, Ernest H., Jr, PhD.
>
> > Reciba usted un cordial y respetuos saludo.
> > Mi nombre es Carlos Mario Orrego Vasquez,soy medico veterinario egresado
> > de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin-Colombia.
> > Actualmente participo como asistente en el proyecto de monitoreo
> > poblacional con la tortuga lora (Lepidochelys olivacea) en la playa de
> > Nancite, Costa Rica.
> > En 1992, tuve la oportunidad de participar como asistente de campo en un
> > proyecto on los delfines rosados del Amazonas en Puerto Nario, Colombia.
> >
> > He recibido la informacion de parte de la Universidad de Puerto Rico,
> > centro Mayaguez, donde ofrecen el phd. en biologia marina, en el cual
> > estoy seriamente interesado aplicar, dentro de este paquete de informacion
> > hay una lista con los profesores del departamento y sus lineas de
> > investigacion, al leerlo detenidamente me interesa establecer contactos
> > con usted con miras a la tutoria necesaria para la aplicacion y desempeo
> > mio dentro del centro como futuro estudiante de doctorado. Quisiera poder
> > trabajar a nivel de parasitos en organismos acuaticos, este tema se
> > ajusta a uno de los que aparecen dentro de sus lineas de trabajo.
> > Durante esta semana se esta realizando en Costa Rica la reunion de
> > laboratorios marinos del Caribe y he tenido la oportunidad de estar
> > presente, en este congreso encontre representacion de la Universidad de
> > Puerto Rico, he estado conversando con algunos profesores de
> > los que
> > asistieron y ellos se ofrecen a llevarme la aplicacion directamente, pues
> > el plazo se vence ahora en septiembre para comenzar el proximo ao en el
> > mes de enero. La verdad es que estoy muy interesado en ser admitido en
> > este programa de estudios para lo cual solicito su ayuda como posible
> > tutor, quiero decirle que debo enviar la aplicacion lo mas pronto posible
> > con miras a empezar a buscar entidades a nivel de mi pais o el exterior
> > que puedan ayudarme a financiar los estudios.
> > Estare atento a cualquier informacion que pueda brindarme, agradezco de
> > antemano su valiosa colaboracion, muchas gracias.
> > Cordialmente.
> > Carlos Mario Orrego Vasquez
>
> Dr. Williams, hetenido ahora oportunidad de intercambiar por e-mail a
> traves del Dr. jose Lopez su direccion electronica a la cual le estoy
> enviando nuevamente este mensaje, pues desde el mes pasado de julio, una
> vez concluyo el congreso de Laboratorios Marinos aca en Costa Rica, en la
> Universidad de Costa Rica he tratado de hacer contacto con usted.
> Como le mencionaba en el primer parrafo de esta carta, estoy actualmente
> vinculado en un proyecto de investigacion on la tortuga lora, en la playa
> de Nancite, donde permanezco interno durante 20 dias de cada mes, hasta
> que llega la luna llena, que es la epoca en que normalmente las tortugas
> no llegan a la playa a desovar, por tanto solo puedo tener acceso al
> e-mail en cada luna llena, estare aca hasta el proximo 30 de agosto.
> Agradezco cualquier informacion, que me pueda brindar y estare atento a
> establecer nuestra comunicacion porque quiero iniciar estudios en su
> recinto.
> Muchas gracias nuevamente, mucha suerte.
> Carlos Mario Orrego vasquez
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 28 04:45:18 1997
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Subject: "Yellow-Band" Disease.....(was Coral Diseases on The Rise!)
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Dear Dr Cervino and fellow Coral-Listers,

I am currently tracking and epizootic in the Caribbean, tearmed Rapid
Wasting Disease and Yellow Blotch or Band. My data confirms that YB
is now in Bonaire, Aruba, Curacao, Cayman. I have not seen it in
Grenada, or Tobago. Does anyone have info reguarding this epizootic??

>> I, and a colleague have a 'reef site' paper in press at this moment with
CORAL REEFS on a coral disease that we named 'yellow-band disease'
(obviously because of it's striking colour!). At the end of this message, I
attached the entire text of this paper for your information. The paper
mentions coral species infected, and rates of spread (this thing is fast!!).
>> At this stage we do not know what causes this disease.

>> We found the disease in the southern Arabian Gulf, off the coast of
the United Arab Emirates. It appears that I may have another trip coming
up fairly shortly, so if you, Dr Cervino, would like to contact me with
regards to getting some samples, please get in touch.
>> I also have many pictures - mainly print, very few slides
unfortunately, but I'd be willing to scan them them in for anybody who
might be interested.

Regards,

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa

----- Attached MS due to appear in CORAL REEFS --------------------
----- Please do cite (yet) without the authors permission -------------

A NEW CORAL DISEASE FROM THE SOUTHERN ARABIAN GULF

(Coral Reefs - Submitted 5/9/96)

During an ecological survey of coral communities at Jebel Ali in Dubai,
United Arab Emirates, a high incidence of coral diseases was observed.
Although a coral disease has been reported from the Gulf of Oman
(Coles 1994), this is a first report for coral diseases in the Arabian Gulf.
The encountered diseases were the well described Black Band and
White Band Diseases (Antonius, 1995) and a hitherto undescribed
disease, which we refer to as Yellow-Band Disease.
It manifests itself as a broad yellow band moving across healthy coral
tissue in a manner similar to the Black Band disease (Rutzler, Santavy
and Antonius, 1983) insofar as where the yellow band actively moves
into healthy tissue areas, a band of decaying and sloughing off tissue is
observed. However, the entire area denuded by the infection can retain
the characteristic yellow colour. The Yellow Band Disease appears to
be in no way similar to the Aggressive Orange Band recently described
by Littler and Littler (1994), which attacks coralline algae. Investigations
into establishing the pathogen are underway.
Preliminary measurements indicate that within colony spreading rates (on
Acropora clathrata) are faster in summer (x = 19.7 q 4.9 mm per week,
measured mid October), than in winter (x = 9.4 q 3.9 mm per week,
measured beginning February). Disease spread is significantly different
between these seasons (Mann-Whitney U-Test, Z = 2.67, P < 0.001).
Species found to be affected by Yellow Band Disease were: Acropora
clathrata, A. pharaonis, A. tenuis, A. valida, A. florida, Porites lutea, P.
lichen, P. nodifera, Turbinaria reniformis, Cyphastrea microphthalma.

Acknowledgements: We acknowledge funding assistance by the Dubai
Municipality and Charles Martin of Martin Mid East for the opportunity to
work in Gulf waters, and for logistical support.

Antonius A (1995). Pathologic syndromes on reef corals: a review. In:
Geister J, Lathuillere B (eds) Coral reefs in the past, the present and the
future. Proc 2nd Europ Regional Meeting, ISRS. Publ Serv Geol Lux, 29:
161-169.
Coles, S. L. 1994. Extensive coral disease outbreak at Fahl Island, Gulf
of Oman, Indian Ocean. Coral Reefs 13: 242.
Littler MM, Littler DS (1994) A pathogen of reef-building coralline algae
discovered in the South Pacific. Coral Reefs 13(4): 202.
Rutzler K, Santavy DL, Antonius A (1983) The Black Band Disease of
Atlantic reef corals. III Distribution, Ecology, and development. PSZNI
Marine Ecology 4(4): 329-358.

Jan L. Korrubel. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics,
University of Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209 Pietermaritzburg,
South Africa.
Bernhard Riegl. Institute for Palaontologie, Universitats-straBe 7, 1010
Vienna, Austria.

------------------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 28 09:10:04 1997
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From: "Tim Daw" <T.M.Daw@newcastle.ac.uk>
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 1997 14:00:47 GMT0BST
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Hi List members,

Sorry for cross postings.

The Reefs of Massawa Expedition to Eritrea homepage has moved and is
now located at http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nrome.

Regards,

Tim Daw.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

> Just to let everyone know that the Reefs of Massawa Expedition
> (RoME)1997 leaves for Eritrea this Saturday for 2 months research.
>
> RoME'97 is an IYOR expedition from Newcastle University to examine
> anthropogenic impacts on corals around Massawa where human activity
> on the coast of Eritrea is concentrated.
>
> Please look at our webpage at http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~n4052302 for
> more information, a full proposal and updates on our field
> activities.
>
> Any links from coral reef conservation pages would be very much
> appreciated. We also want to set up links to other IYOR activity
> webpages.
> If you would like a link put in please contact mgsmith@kbnet.co.uk
> who will be managing and updating the site while we are in the
> field.
>
> sincerely,
>
> Tim Daw & the RoME team.
********************************************************
Tim Daw
Reefs of Massawa Expedition (RoME) 1997
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management
University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne
NE1 7RU
UK

Tel. (0191) 222 6661
Fax. (0191) 222 7891
--------------------------------------------------------
Visit the Reefs of Massawa Expedition 1997 web
site at http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nrome
--------------------------------------------------------
********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 28 09:15:50 1997
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From: "Miriam Huitric" <miriam@system.ecology.su.se>
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 1997 14:45:01 GMT+1
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Subject: coral degradation and shrimp farming
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I am interested in knowing if there has been any research done
linking coral degradation and shrimp farming (in the mangroves and other
coastal areas). I have found a great deal regarding nutrient effects
and eutrophication, and sedimentation effects on corals but nothing
regarding the outputs from shrimp farming.
The outputs are nutrient-rich, so I suppose the nutrient and
sedimentation effects must occur, however supposing/assuming is not
scientifically acceptable. The effluents also contain pesticides,
piscicides, herbicides, antibiotics and a whole myriad of other
chemicals whose presence is bound to have an effect on the corals,
however I need something concrete (in terms of evidence).
I would greatly appreciate any information and can be contacted
directly at:
miriam@systems.ecology.su.se

Thank you.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 28 15:52:43 1997
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 1997 15:14:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Don't shoot the messenger
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Gregor Hodgson quite appropriately airs his views on Elizabeth Pennisi's
article in the July 25 issue of Science. Many people talked to her during
the preparation of the article and it is my opinion that the article
accurately reflects the diverse and often contentious opinions of reef
"health" and its causes in our community.

Let us continue the debate and plan the kinds of studies that may resolve
the points of contention. Let's not flood Ms Pennisi's supervisor with
complaints and accusations.

*******PLEASE NOTE NEW PHONE AND FAX BELOW***********************

John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/553-1109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 26 Aug 1997 10:52:39 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Brighter Prospects

Re: Brighter Prospects for the World's Coral Reefs?

It is great that Science is devoting space to coral reefs, however, no
doubt a majority of us do not agree with the headline for this story,
which simply reflects the bias of the news writer who clearly tried hard
to fit the available info into her own rosy view of the world. That job
was not easy, hence, there are many logic gaps and contradictions in the
story. When juxtaposed with the headline, the best is,

"By any criterion, though, there has been little progress toward
stemming the decline of reefs." p. 493.

If you agree that this story was a poorly written, confused
misrepresentation of the prevailing scientific view on the prospects for
the health of coral reefs and coral reef fish, please send a note to
Christine Gilbert, letters editor of Science at:

science_letters@aaas.org
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
tel: (852) 2358-8568 fax: (852) 2358-1582
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 28 17:21:51 1997
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Date: Thu, 28 Aug 1997 14:41:01 -0600
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Re: Don't shoot the messenger
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Dear All,
>Let us continue the debate and plan the kinds of studies that may resolve
>the points of contention. Let's not flood Ms Pennisi's supervisor with
>complaints and accusations.

Since I was guilty of starting this, let me quickly endorse John Ogden's
two requests.
Judy Lang

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 29 02:53:16 1997
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Date: 	Fri, 29 Aug 1997 13:58:23 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
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Brighter Prospects or Dim Future?

With all due respect to Judy Lang and John Ogden whose views I hold in
high esteem, it seems obvious that the 25 July Science article (p. 491)
showed gaps in logic and was biased as reflected in the headline and
statements in the first few paragraphs. I may be wrong, but I don't
believe that the majority of coral reef scientists and coral reef
managers (many of whose views were presented in the story) agree with
Science that the prospects for coral reef health are very bright.

A careful review of the article suggests that the writer/editors became
confused about revised views on the effects of global warming on reefs
and current views on anthropogenic impacts on reefs. The lack of
separation of these two possible impacts on reefs causes much of the
confusion.

When a major scientific journal gives a rare bit of space to the subject
of coral reefs, one would hope that they would present a logical,
objective view. This is not Newsweek.

A couple of examples of problems from the article are:

para. 2 ".."some coral reef scientists are beginning to suspect that
reefs may not be quite as widely imperiled as they once thought.
Increasingly scientists are wondering whether the decline may be local
or regional rather than global in scope."

My comment: This has meaning for global warming but doesn't make sense
with respect to anthropogenic impacts. Can we write off the Caribbean,
but globally reefs are OK?

para 3. "But new research indicates that some of the more tractable
problems such as simple overfishing, may be playing a larger role in
reef decline...."

My comment: Is overfishing really a simple, easily solvable problem
therefore reefs have a bright future? Overharvesting is a major impact.

As coordinator of Reef Check, I have been receiving anecdotal progress
reports from dozens of teams around the world as they carry out surveys
of human impacts on reefs. Many teams are surveying reefs they are
familiar with. Few teams have come back and said that reefs they
previously saw damaged by human impacts are now in good shape. Many
teams have reported evidence of increasing human impacts (include
overharvesting) in areas previously believed by many of us at Bob
Ginsburg's 1993 Miami conference to be reasonably pristine such as
eastern Indonesia and Borneo. One of the greatest difficulties for Reef
Check is finding "pristine" reefs to use as a baseline.

I believe many reef workers agree with Jeremy Jackson's statement, "We
don't need one more bit of science to know there is a crisis. (p. 493)"
However, as John Ogden suggests, we do need additional studies ----
particularly to characterize the rate of and reasons for the decline of
the increasing number of reef communities that are suffering damage so
that solutions can be selected and implemented.

The intent of my suggestion was not to "nail" the writer and editors,
who seem to have been confused by the facts and quotes, many of which
disagreed with the headline, but simply to alert coral-listers to have a
look and decide for themselves if a letter was warranted. If at least
one of these is printed, then Science readers, including funding agency
staff, will be appraised that decreased worries about the effects of
global warming on reefs does not mean that globally reefs have a bright
future with respect to human (and other) impacts.

At the Fiji meeting of ISRS in July, the members present agreed that
ISRS should provide a more activist role for the reef research
community. If ISRS members don't comment on a somewhat slanted, confused
article in Science, who will?

Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
tel: (852) 2358-8568 fax: (852) 2358-1582
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 29 04:05:52 1997
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 1997 00:28:39 -0700 (PDT)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: Brighter Prospects or Dim Future?
To: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In-Reply-To: <340664FF.7CF5@usthk.ust.hk>
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On Fri, 29 Aug 1997, Gregor Hodgson wrote:

> Brighter Prospects or Dim Future?
>
> With all due respect to Judy Lang and John Ogden whose views I hold in
> high esteem, it seems obvious that the 25 July Science article (p. 491)
> showed gaps in logic and was biased as reflected in the headline and
> statements in the first few paragraphs. I may be wrong, but I don't
> believe that the majority of coral reef scientists and coral reef
> managers (many of whose views were presented in the story) agree with
> Science that the prospects for coral reef health are very bright.

> A careful review of the article suggests that the writer/editors became
> confused about revised views on the effects of global warming on reefs
> and current views on anthropogenic impacts on reefs. The lack of
> separation of these two possible impacts on reefs causes much of the
> confusion.

> When a major scientific journal gives a rare bit of space to the subject
> of coral reefs, one would hope that they would present a logical,
> objective view. This is not Newsweek.

No, it isn't Newsweek, but I'm not sure why that particular publication
was singled out as the exemplar of things negative.

The community of individuals interested in the future health and survival
of coral reefs needs to consider this instance of perhaps confused
reporting Very Carefully. I've made mistakes in my time, and I will
attempt to say the right words at this juncture.

First, it is wonderful that a major scientific journal has devoted space
to the subject of the health of, and major anthropogenic impacts on coral
reef ecosystems. This is a good thing in and of itself, and the coral reef
community is to be commended for this positive outcome from IYOR.

Secondly, you will be heard more clearly if you omit as completely as
possible any critique of the edtioral staff of Science, or the individual
who wrote up this news item. That person was bombarded by data and
sometimes dissonant opinions. I feel secure in contending on their
behalf that they did the best they could in the time that they had to
present a balanced opinion. They might have looked at the web sites
ehcoing information related to coral reefs, they might have heard the
plea for attention implicit in all of the press releases. So please be
kind. The people proximally involved think that they have done you a
service. This must be considered and acknowledged.

Finally, it might be a good idea for any letter in response to this news
item to be aired here before a segment of the community interested in
this topic before it is sent. In this way, we might avoid contentious
language and statements. Everyone here cares about reefs, and it is time
for us to sing in harmony.

What you need to avoid is arousing any feeling in the editorial staff of
science that the coral community is an unruly bunch of rough folk who
will criticize anything that is said on the topic of coral reefs.

Make this as nice as possible. If people get the impression that it is
impossible to please you, they will rapidly stop caring about pleasing you.

Coral reefs are a long way away from many people, even though they are
very close to the heart of probably everyone on this list. Not everyone
is a scientist studying coral reefs, not everyone has had the opportunity
to dive on a coral reef, not everyone has invited a square meter or so of
coral reef community into their living room in the form of a reef
aquarium. I think that a certain part of the public, and the general
scientific community, really wants to care about this topic.

As personally upset as anyone might be, as enraged as they might be at
the percieved inaccuracies in the reporting, please keep in mind that
this is a rare opportunity to direct the attention of a public who might
want to care about reefs, but has a very distant connection to them.

There are statements that could be made that essentially everyone
interested in these communities would agree upon. We need to find those
statements and the correct phrasing. It is also time to focus on the
wide-scale impacts that emperil reefs. Over-harvest of herbiverous fish,
runoff from land and agricultural activities, the health of mangrove
communities....

Craig Bingman
Columbia University

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 29 06:07:35 1997
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 1997 12:58:16 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Pictures of Yellow Band Disease
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Hi Coral-List'ers,

My posting about the Yellow Band Disease has drawn a few requests
for pictures. I have scanned a few and placed them in a sub-directory
called YBD in my FTP directory. The pictures are in .GIF format and
range between 400 and 130k. Sorry they are little on the large size - I
trust that it won't impact on folks' access time.
In the directory also resides the text of the paper (CR_YBD.doc - same
as I posted yesterday, but now in WinWORD 7 document format) and the
file SCANTEXT.txt, an ASCII text file with descriptions pertaining to the
individual scans.

My machine can be reached by FTP'ing to:

jan.math.unp.ac.za or 143.128.79.156

This will place you in the root of my FTP directory, so change directory
into YBD to get the goods.

Please note that my machine is a mere 486 running Windows NT 4.0 and
therefore there is a limit of 2 simultaneous FTP sessions (read the
welcome message for more info). If the limit has been reached when
you try access, please try again...... Today being Friday, I'll leave my
machine on for the weekend.

Enjoy. Any comments / observations are welcomed.

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 29 08:02:49 1997
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 1997 08:16:48 -0200 (GRNLNDDT)
From: Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos <kelmo@ufba.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: scleropathology??
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	Dear All,
	Have you ever heard anything on bad-formation, atrophy, or
degeneration of the coral skeleton due to environmental or
man-made stress?
	Thanks for your attention,
	Regards, Francisco.

*******************************************************************
** Francisco Kelmo **
** Laboratorio de Estudos Costeiros **
** Instituto de Geociencias **
** Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus de Ondina **
** Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n. Salvador-Bahia-BRAZIL **
** cep. 40170-290 **
** e-mail:Kelmo@ufba.br **
********************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 29 10:37:49 1997
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 1997 06:54:16 -0700 (PDT)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@italy-c.it.earthlink.net>
Subject: Yellow Band on the Rise!
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Thanks colleagues for the replys on Rapid Wasting Disease!

Diseases of scleractinian corals have increased significantly over the last
decade, affecting greater numbers of species around the world, (see Santavy
DL, Peters EC., Microbial Pests: Coral Disease In The Western Atlantic
1996. Coral Reef Symp. in press.

Pathogens on corals are becomming more apparent, many attribut this to fish
grazing. The video and slides that I am showing is not fish grazing. Some
think that this has been occuring for some time, and a normal process of
coral reef dynamics. How long does it take Montastrea and C. natans to
grow?? Some of these REEF BUILDING coral heads are extremely massive and
can take a hundred years to grow, if diseases have been prevalent why is it
that these massive coral heads have not been wiped out 20 years ago?? It
is possible that when some scientists refer to "diseases being a normal
process and have been around" they mean thousands of years. But at this
frequency??? Cant be. All sites are riddeled w/disease (not just one), and
show signs of, either high level eutropication or begining the signs of
eutropication. All of the sites that I am visiting show cyanobacteria
overgrowing and sometimes smothering the coral skeleton. The video and
slides of reefs that I have been looking at of the Pacific and Caribbean
from the 60s 70s and 80s donot look like the reefs that I am seeing today
today. Goreau and I have been logging approx 300 dives or more per year, in
the Pacific and Caribbean and see a drastic change.

When was the last time you heard someone say: "the reefs are getting
better" I went diving at that site during the early 80s and its better now"
"the fish are coming back, larger than before" "The algae is gone" I think
this is the year of the troubled reef! And funding the reef mission instead
of the MARS mission I think deserves immediate attention.

Questions to ask: Why are there high nutrient loads in reef areas
increasing in recent years? Are these excess nutrient loads stressing
cnidarians? What causes oligotrophic reefs to become eutrophic?? Is the
deep water up-welling of nutrients causing reefs to become eutrophic?? We
have visited reefs where there are no signs of human development or sewage,
that show signs of eutropication, however we are seeing many more sites
that show sewage pipes dumping waste directly into the water, along w/leaky
septic tanks. Are anthropogenic sources the cause of these nutrients? After
bleaching events the corals are stressed, are these excess nutrients
lowering the metabolic activity of the coral, preventing it from producing
the mucus to protect itself from invading pathogens (UFOs)? Are these
diseases the result of endolithic pathogens, then during stressful
conditions they multiply expressing a leasion?? Can past cores reveal
skeletal malformities in corals?? Maby it is time to conduct core analysis?

I have recently heard of a Yellow Band affecting Acroporid species in the
Red Sea, Jan Korrubel of the University of Natal South Africa is tracking
this epizootic in the Red Sea. Yellow band was first spotted and tracked by
Creg Qurillo of Reef Relief (Fl. Keys), and I and Dr. TJ Goreau have now
tracked it in Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, Cayman, and Panama. I will be
checking the Virgin Islands next week for RWD and YB, and hopfully getting
the permits in time for sample collection. Fast action and emergency
funding is needed when tracking coral diseases in the field.

Reguarding Yellow Band, I have been tracking the YB here in the Caribbean
since Jan. I wonder if we are looking at the same epizootic? I have not
seen it on any other species other than Montastrea (all morphs). This is a
slowly expanding leasion, possibly mm per week. And never see it on
Acroporid species. The YB at my sites are affecting 90% of all morphs of
Montastrea! When you get a chance to see the video and slides of this
particular epizootic it will shock you. These are clearly large yellow
blotches and bands that are increasing in growth month after month.

Characterictics of Yellow Blotch or Band

1) there is healthy tissue with no visual evidence of expulsion of zoox.
2) bordering healthy tissue there is a sharp yellow band or blotch, septa
and caylix is intact w/no distruction of the skeleton. The skeleton
structure is up-right w/no depression like in the RWD.
3) in some cases there is tissue attached when the tissue is yellow, as the
tissue dissapears the skeleton turns bright white. Inside that ring or
blotch there is algal tufts, directly in the middle. (Healthy-yellow-slight
white line-dead tissue w/algaltuft)
4) I will be looking at the comparison of zoox. in the healthy tissue then
in the yellow tissue. Is the bacterial pathogen in YB causing the
expulsion?? No one knows, not yet.
5) Circles or bands on the coral head are incipient at first, then become
severe. Meaning one band or circle then 5 or six. I have detailed video and
slides of of this increase in a 7 month time frame.
6) Finally it kills the entire coral colony that it attacks.
7) We have no idea if it is abiotic or biotic, bacterial aggregates
present. No fungi, no visual mucus response from the coral.
8) Some sites show RWD and YB on the same coral colony.

Dr Goreau and I will have this up on a Web Site This Year. Also an
underwater ID card will be available for divers and scientists for data
analysis by the end of the year. And hopfully we can confirm the RWD and YB
slide and lecture that will take place in Woods Hole and RSMAS during late
Sept.

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 29 16:45:23 1997
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Date: Fri, 29 Aug 1997 15:49:58
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: Re: Yellow Band on the Rise!
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James M. Cervino wrote:

>I have recently heard of a Yellow Band affecting Acroporid species in the
>Red Sea, Jan Korrubel of the University of Natal South Africa is tracking
>this epizootic in the Red Sea. Yellow band was first spotted and tracked by
>Creg Qurillo of Reef Relief (Fl. Keys), and I and Dr. TJ Goreau have now
>tracked it in Aruba, Curacao, Bonaire, Cayman, and Panama. I will be
>checking the Virgin Islands next week for RWD and YB, and hopfully getting
>the permits in time for sample collection. Fast action and emergency
>funding is needed when tracking coral diseases in the field.

Hi James,

I have read your post regarding Yellow Band disease with great interest
particularly in light of your references to eutrophication and related
anthropogenic activities on land.

My interest is in a disease of sea turtles called fibropapilloma (FP) which
I continue to believe is related to the decline of our ocean environment.

See: http://turtles.org/honohist.htm

which summarizes the conditions at our dive site in Hawaii (from which we
have just returned less than 24 hours ago).

You mention eutrophication, sewage, run-off, drastic changes related to
human activities on land. This has been our Hawaiian experience as well.
As a fellow diver I sympathize with your concern for the marine environment.

You mentioned several island nations in the Caribbean (that I know have
turtles with FP) experiencing Yellow Band Disease. A while back I did a
run down on the environmental concerns of several of the Caribbean Island
nations and yes, sewage, run-off, over-fishing were certainly concerns.

You mention you'll be visiting the Virgin Islands next week. They have
turtles with fibropapillomas there too. I would be interested in knowing
the extent high incidence of Yellow Band in corals is correlated to the
prevalence of FP in turtles. (So would a bunch of other people I hang out
with)

I know right now there isn't an answer to this question. I would
appreciate information regarding specific sites where Yellow Band is high
because I would like to try and match them up with known high turtle
fibropapilloma sites.

Thanks for your help and vigilance. I believe the coral reseachers are
really important for green sea turtles and their foraging habitat.

Any info re. high Yellow Band sites would be appreciated from you or anyone
else reading this message.

Best wishes to your corals and reefs. I got some good green friends who
sun themselves all day long on them.

All the best
-----------------------------------------------
 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@turtles.org
 /V^\ /^V\
 /V Turtle Trax V\ http://www.turtles.org
 / \
When you study members of another species, when you
habituate them in the wild, when you begin to understand
the intimate details of their private lives, and then
you learn that the population or whole group is sliding
towards extinction, what do you do? In good conscience,
you must defend them...
 \ /
 / \ / \ --- Birute M.F. Galdikas
 /__| V |__\

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 1 12:39:00 1997
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Date: Mon, 01 Sep 1997 19:45:36 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: YBD pictures by FTP - apologies....
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Dear Coral-Listers,

After posting a mail to this list about the availability of pictures and
documnet on Yellow Band Disease (YBD), I am sorry to report a few
problems.
The log file of my machine tells me that all transactions were going fine
till about 20:30 (GMT) on Friday night when my machine unexpectedly
packed it in (yes, so early in the proceedings - where IS that Murphy
fellow???). Due to the setup of my machine, it didn't automatically reboot
so all access to my site was lost for the remainder of the weekend. By
way of explanantion, I was (am) in the process of setting up my
website last week so I fear that configuring this had a hand in the crash.

For those of you that sent me emails saying that you couldn't get into my
machine, please try again - I have now stopped the WWW part and
hope that stable FTP access to my machine will be regained. In addition, I
have modified the setup so that should my machine crash again (keeping
those fingers crossed), it should automatically reboot and access will be
restored about 10 min later. But let me know if you still don't have any
success.

Also: Dr Hendee has kindly offered to place the document and pictures
on the CHAMP website so we can expect an announcement in due
course.

My thanks for your interest and patience.

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 1 12:40:31 1997
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Date: Mon, 01 Sep 1997 19:29:08 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Looking for Arnfried Antonius.....
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Dear Coral-Listers,

Before anybody shoots me down in flames for making this request to the
list, let me explain that I have been through the Coral Researcher
directory at the CHAMP website.....

And I came across the following address from Dr Arnfried Antonius:

 Kupelwiesergasse 5
 Vienna
 AUSTRIA

However, I was under the impression that he was at the University of
Vienna - so I am just checking. Anybody know if this is his home
address? Anybody have an email address for him? Snail mail just
doesn't cut it these days....

Thanks in advance,

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 2 10:51:52 1997
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Date: Tue, 2 Sep 1997 09:50:24 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: J. Korrubel's YBD photographs
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Jan Korrubel's note describing Yellow Band Disease, along with
photographs, may be viewed at the following URL:

	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/korrubel.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 2 14:48:05 1997
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From: "ICLARM CEPO" <iclarm@caribsurf.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Encounter - call for contributions
Date: Tue, 2 Sep 1997 13:43:25 -0300
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REEF ENCOUNTER No. 22
NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Dear all,

We are currently looking for articles for the next issue of Reef
Encounter. We would welcome contributions from a few hundred words to
a couple of pages on any aspect of reef studies, including news,
comments, short reviews (but not original scientific data) and also
illustrations/cartoons. Our deadline is 1st October and text sent by
email is strongly prefered. You can also send illustrations (and text
if desired) to the address at the end of this message.

Please email your articles to one of us at:
Maggie Watson, iclarm@caribsurf.com
Sue Wells Senior Editor, swells@wwfnet.org
David Obura, dobura@users.africaonline.co.ke

If you are interested in joining the International Society for Reef
Studies and receiving Reef Encounter please contact Callum Roberts,
cr10@york.ac.uk

Thanks,

Maggie, Sue and David

____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3233, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-809-494 5681(office hours) or 1-809-496 6055 (mobile - any
time)
Fax: 1-809-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm@caribsurf.com
============================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 2 15:06:12 1997
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Message-ID: <n1338911497.42393@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 2 Sep 1997 14:35:01 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: scleropathology??
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos" <kelmo@ufba.br>
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 Reply to: RE>scleropathology??

As a start, you might try:
Leder, J. J., A. M. Szmant, et al. (1991). "The effect of prolonged
"bleaching" on skeletal banding and stable isotope composition in Montastrea
annularis . Preliminary observations." Coral Reefs 10(1): 19-27.

--------------------------------------
Date: 8/29/97 8:26 AM
To: Mark Eakin
From: Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos

	Dear All,
	Have you ever heard anything on bad-formation, atrophy, or
degeneration of the coral skeleton due to environmental or
man-made stress?
	Thanks for your attention,
	Regards, Francisco.

*******************************************************************
** Francisco Kelmo **
** Laboratorio de Estudos Costeiros **
** Instituto de Geociencias **
** Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus de Ondina **
** Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n. Salvador-Bahia-BRAZIL **
** cep. 40170-290 **
** e-mail:Kelmo@ufba.br **
********************************************************************

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From: Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos <kelmo@ufba.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: scleropathology??
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 2 20:19:59 1997
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From: gussman_o@usp.ac.fj
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Date: Wed, 03 Sep 1997 11:56:41 +0000
Subject: carbonate budgets again
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear Coral-Listers!

I'd like to thank everyone who reponded to my earlier questions on
carbonate budgets. I am currently compiling a list of established
carbonate budgets world-wide, and have most of the classic papers by
Stearn, Scoffin, Hubbard. However, after extensive search I haven't
come up with much else, particularly recently (due to the difficulty
of the exercise?).

If you have done any such studies (published, unpublished) I would
appreciate if you could send the follwong information to me
personally (<gussman_o@usp.ac.fj>)(of particular interest would be
any information on eroding reefs):

(Example):

Study Site: Nothern Red Sea
Position: 29deg27'N
Environment: shallow-water coral reefs (depth?)
Stratigraphy: Holocene
Organisms: constructors: corals
		 eroders:		scarids, echinoids
Depositional setting: reef-crest, fore-reef
Construction: coralgal framework 1.57kg/m2yr
Destruction: Macro-bioerosion: 1.3kg/m2yr
		 export: 0.4-0.6 kg/m2/yr
status: net production preserved o.8 kg/m2yr - accreting
Reference/Citation information: Dullo et al (1996).....

Obviously a carbonate budget is only as complete as the number of
parameters measured (and the reliability of such measurements), and
never can they be all measured systematically over one reef.
However, it may be time to not only look at the health of the
'ecologic reef' (e.g., IYOR), but that of the 'geologic reef' as
well.

Thanks in advance to all.

Best Wishes, Oliver
Oliver Gussmann
(PhD Student)
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago
P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
fax: +643-479-8336
oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz

(in Fiji until end-November at)

c/o Marine Studies Programme
University of the South Pacific
P.O. Box 1168, Suva, Fiji
fax: +679-301-490
gussman_o@usp.ac.fj

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 3 09:58:48 1997
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Date: Wed, 3 Sep 1997 09:21:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Yellow Band on the Rise! (fwd)
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forwarded message:

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sat, 30 Aug 1997 13:57:33 -0500
From: Bob Steneck <STENECK@MAINE.MAINE.EDU>
To: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@italy-c.it.earthlink.net>
cc: coral-list
Subject: Re: Yellow Band on the Rise!

Dear James and others,

 From most accounts, coral disease is increasing (although we saw no
evidence of disease in the 16 reefs we surveyed in the Yucatan and northern
Belize last March). In your 'Yellow Band on the Rise!' comment, you
suggest that reefs are becoming eutrophic world-wide. Would you please
point me to published accounts that give nutrient data supporting that
assertion. I'm most interested in data from remote areas since point
source and nonpoint source pollution from human activities is well
documented. It seems to me that we need to objectively focus on potential
stressors that match the scale of the disease.

 Thanks,

 Bob Steneck

========================
Dr. Robert S. Steneck
Professor
School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, Me 04573
U.S.A.
Tele: 207 563- 3146 ext. 233
FAX: 207 563 - 3119
======================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 4 12:03:46 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: j.reichman@mail.utexas.edu (Jay Randall Reichman)
Subject: Sponge Spawning at The FGBNMS
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Earlier this summer, sponges identified as Agelas clathrodes were oberserved
spawning on two separate occasions in the Flower Garden Banks National
Marine Sanctuary. While coral spawning is well documented on these reefs,
there have been few reports of spawning sponges. On June 17 at 14:30 Emma
Hickerson, Research Coordinator for the FGBNMS, photographed apparent sperm
release from colonies of this sponge on the East Flower Garden Bank. On
June 28 at 11:00 I noted 13 of the same sponges releasing similar milky
clouds of gamates on the West Flower Garden Bank, however, by 14:30 on the
East Bank no spawning activity was observed. For reference, the water
temperature was approximately 26-27 degrees C during the time frame
mentioned above. The lunar phases for June 1997 were:

New Moon on 5th at 07:04
First Quarter on 13rd at 04:52
Full Moon on 20th at 19:10
Last Quarter on 27th at 12:42

Cheers,
Jay R.
------

Jay R. Reichman
Department of Zoology
Patterson Labs Bldg.
University of Texas at Austin 78712

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 5 17:37:14 1997
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Date: Fri, 5 Sep 1997 16:07:00 -0500 (CDT)
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Reply-To: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Subject: Re: WHITE Band on the Rise!
To: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@italy-c.it.earthlink.net>
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In-Reply-To: <l03110707b02c4d830dea@[153.35.35.171]>
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In response to recent messages regarding the incidence of various coral
diseases:

The question of whether coral disease outbreaks have increased in
frequency in recent years is of obvious importance to reef scientists and
managers. Bill Precht, Ian Macintyre and I are coring reefs in the
central shelf lagoon in Belize in search of evidence of white band
disease outbreaks preceding the the one that devastated Acropora
populations in Belize in the late 1980s. From our evidence it appears that
the recent epizootic was a unique event on a time scale of millennia.

Some of this work is described in a paper that will be published this fall:

Aronson, R. B. and W. F. Precht. 1997. Stasis, biological disturbance,
and community structure of a Holocene coral reef. Paleobiology 23:326-346.

Cheers,

Rich Aronson

______________________________________________________________________________
Richard B. Aronson
Dauphin Island Sea Lab
P. O. Box 369-370
Dauphin Island, AL 36528

Voice: (334) 861-7567
Fax: (334) 861-7540
email: raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 5 19:52:03 1997
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Date: 5 Sep 1997 19:13:59 -0500
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Spawning/Bleaching -NW Gulf of Mex.
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	Mass spawning by reef corals and other organisms at the Flower Garden Banks
National Marine Sanctuary (northwest Gulf of Mexico) was observed on four
consecutive nights in August.

Sunday, 24 August 1997
	Spawning began around 21:10 hrs CDT and continued until 22:30. Montastraea
franksi and to a lesser extent Diploria strigosa, were the dominant spawners
with one sighting of spawning by a female Stephanocoenia intersepta (formerly
S. michelini) and M. cavernosa. Several Ophioderma rubicundum (ruby brittle
stars) and Spirobranchus giganteus (christmas tree worms) were also spawning.
Spawning activity by a congregation of approximately 40-50 black durgon
(Melichthys niger) was observed during the early morning hours over a sand
flat. Creole wrasse (Clepticus parrae) exhibited spawning behavior as usual
at twilight.

Monday, 25 August 1997
	Spawning began around 20:20 CDT. D. strigosa was the dominant spawner
(hundreds of colonies) of the early evening with peak activity around 21:00
hrs. Other spawners included M. franksi (abundant), both male and female M.
cavernosa, one male Stephanocoenia intersepta numerous christmas tree worms,
and brittle stars, and a banded coral shrimp with brood pouch was observed.
All of this occurred primarily between 20:40-22:30 hrs CDT, with possible
peaks around 21:00 for most corals, and 22:00 for other invertebrates.
	Between 22:30-23:30 CDT there was a different group of spawning corals that
included M. faveolata and M. annularis. Both of these species were observed
spawning during this time, although mostly it was M. faveolata. We also
noticed other unusual levels of activity including several large grouping of
Diadema antillarum (each with more than 6 large [test diameter ~ 16 cm]
individuals within two square meters of each other).

Tuesday, 26 August 1997
	Spawning by D. strigosa and M. franksi was again observed on this evening
between 21:30-22:40, with a surface slick forming around 21:00 hrs. Spawning
activity was light however when compared with previous evenings. Most of the
spawning on this evening was contributed by D. strigosa (more than 3 dozen
colonies were observed spawning by a single dive team), with roughly 14
colonies of M. franksi observed either at the setting stage or spawning. Two
male S. intersepta colonies were observed spawning around 22:30.
	Additional observations of M. faveolata spawning were made shortly after
23:00 hrs.

Wednesday, 27 August 1997
	First observations of gametes at the surface began around 20:05 CDT. Our
divers witnessed spawning of Colpophyllia natans spawning between 20:40-21:00
hrs. Colonies down to roughly 12 inches (36cm) in diameter were spawning. In
addition, a few individuals of several other coral species including D.
strigosa (22:00 hrs), M. franski (22:10 hrs) and M. faveolata (22:30 hrs) were
observed spawning. We also saw S. intersepta were spawning late in the
evening. The ratio of males to females was estimated by one diver to be about
5:1. Both males (22:15 hrs) and females (22:30 hrs) of this species were
observed spawning in numbers that were far greater than on previous evenings.

Bleaching - as of 8/28, the Flower Gardens appeared to be experiencing more
coral bleaching than normal, though it cannot be considered extensive. Most
fire coral colonies (Millepora alcicornis) were either partly or completely
white, as were portions of a number of colonies of Siderastrea siderea and
Colpophyllia spp. The event seemed to increase in severity substantially
between August 11th and the 28th. Temperature records will be made available
after thermographs are collected and dumped in the next couple of weeks.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 5 22:29:45 1997
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Date: Fri, 5 Sep 1997 22:13:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Spawning/Bleaching -NW Gulf of Mex.
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Steve,
Timing of bleaching in Flower Gardens seems in good agreement with HotSpot
Chart depictions [NOAA/NESDIS]...conditions should be improving now. Was
it more severe than in 1995?
Al

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
				Alan E. Strong
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		 Oceanography Department
 -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402
 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail]
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 Washington, DC 20233-9910			 strong@nadn.navy.mil
		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
	301-763-8102	FAX: 301-763-8108

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 10 01:54:50 1997
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 Marine Facilities list <mar-facil@ac.dal.ca>
From: anya@emu.su.oz.au (Anya Salih)
Subject: volunteer oportunities
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Dear coral listers,
I would appreciate any information about volunteer work opportunities in
marine parks, labs or research stations in South or Central America. This
is a request on behalf of an Australian friend (Roberta Dixon), presently
in Chile and travelling indefinitely around SAmerica. Her background is in
marine education and conservation, with experience in managing marine
reserves, developing/ implementing marine education and conservation
programs (for the general community, formal education, ethnic communities,
recreational and commercial users of marine reserves), field and lab work.
She is particularly interested in joining teams involved in the collection
of conservation related data or working with fisheries/marine conservation
groups. I was also asked to inquire about opportunities for volunteer work
related to next years Reef Check activities. I apologise for putting a
personal request on the list. Please send any replies directly to my
e-mail address and any information, leads, hints, suggestions or advice
would be appreciated.

Anya Salih

Anya Salih Internet: anya@emu.su.oz.au
Marine Physiology Lab Telephone:02-93513006 (Zool)
Zoology AO8 02-93517540 (EMU)
School of Biological Sciences Facsimile:02-93517682
The University of Sydney
Sydney, 2006, AUSTRALIA

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 10 16:23:47 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@italy-c.it.earthlink.net>
Subject: RWD is in US Territory!
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Dear Listers,

I have just confirmed that Rapid Wasting Disease in in the US Virgin
Islands. With the help of Ginger Garrison of the USGS we tracked this
epizootic around the island of St. John.

Belt transets again show a clumpped distribution at about 35-40 feet.
Largest leasion was 14/4.1 inches. All RWD ws again on the same colony
w/Yellow Band (all morphs of Montestrea). Largest leasion of Yellow Band
was 26 inches /5in. along the side of M. faviolota I have also see what I
think is RWD on Cavernosa, samples were collected and sent to Dr.Garriet
Smith . Photos were taken in detail of both YB and RWD. Also to note I saw
and photographed YB on Cavernosa, these were round rings and half moon
rings along the side of the coral, however I did not see exposed skeleton
(compared to other sites) in the middle of the ring that is usually covered
w/fuzzy algae.

Yellow Band was not seen on the opp9site side of the island, and there was
only 2 sightings of RWD found in this area that is exposed to high diving
and snorklers population. There is however high inc. of White Plague on 3
different species, markings were made and data will be forwarded to Dr.
Laurie Richardson.( Laurie if you are getting this message please e-mail
me).

The site that we saw high indices of RWD had no human development and no
signs of diver damage. However over abundance of dictiota and lobofera were
evident, also cyannobacteria growing inbetween dead corals.

Sea Fan Disease was affecting 99% of all fans see, evidence- deterioation
of holdfast and gall formation, along with patchy leasions within the
middle of the fan.

Other Diseases: Dark Spot, BBD, WBD, W. Plague, and CLD (coraline lethal
disease). Also one sighting of POX, important--- I only saw 2 Palmata at
the 4 sites studied within 3 days. I have been told by locals that the
Palmats have been wiped out. Mucus samples were taken, and whole samples
were taken and frozen.

Upon leaving the Virgin Islads a lecture and slide presentation was give to
Dr. Jim Battey and the University of the V. Islands for feedback and future
collaboration.

Thanks Coral Listers, James

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 10 16:35:43 1997
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Date: Wed, 10 Sep 1997 15:41:43 -0400 (EDT)
From: LAURIE L RICHARDSON <RICHARDL@servms.fiu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-Id: <970910154143.20407931@servms.fiu.edu>
Subject: New York Times article
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 I am posting a belated comment with regard to the recent article on
coral reefs that appeared in the New York Times, and was distributed
on this network.

 I wish to point out that I was quoted out of context concerning
the use of vacuuming as a technique to treat diseased corals. I
wholeheartedly endorse, and have frequently used, Harold Hudson's
underwater vacuuming apparatus to treat corals with black band
disease, with close to 100% success. My quote in the Times article
saying I "couldn't imagine using this technique to treat corals" ienei

was in the specific context of potentially treating plague type II
epizootics, which at a given time may affect literally hundreds if
not thousands of small (less than 10 cm diameter) coral colonies.
Prior to this comment, I had discussed successful treatmejnt of
the larger and fewer coral colonies usually affected in black
band outbfeaks.

 Thank you for the opportunity to address this issue. If anyone
is interested in Harold Hudson's technique, his offices are at
the Florida Keys National Marine sanctuary in Key Largo.

Laurie Richardson
Associate Professor
Florida International University
Miami, FL 33199
305/348-1988
fax 348-1986

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 11 09:45:06 1997
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Date: Thu, 11 Sep 1997 07:56:07 -0700
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Graduate Fellowship Opportunity
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I received many requests for information about the Fellowship, so I'm
posting the notice again. Please pass this along to qualified graduate
students - it's a great opportunity.

International Society for Reef Studies

1998 Announcement Graduate Fellowship for Coral Reef Research

SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS OCTOBER 15, 1997.

	Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, they
are globally distributed, and they support various aspects of coastal
economies. Yet coral reefs are widely recognized to be in decline and
studies are needed to provide information to manage and understand
processes that cause coral reef change. Funds are available,
approximately US$13,500, to support one student to work toward a Ph.D.
in the general area of coral reef ecosystem research. The focus of the
Fellowship is to understand and predict coral reef response to
management or disturbance-caused change (human-caused or natural).
Research supported by the fellowship should emphasize an ecosystem
approach, recognizing the complex interplay among many processes that
shape the way coral reefs look and function. Work that identifies
controls on productivity, biodiversity, abundance, biotic interactions,
nutrient dynamics, carbonate accretion or erosion, fisheries
recruitment, or utilization of other coral reef resources are examples
of suitable topics. Work is not restricted to these topics, but
controls should be emphasized because this information is important in
construction of models that predict reef response to disturbance.
Studies that include development or testing of such models are a
priority.

Who can apply?

	The Fellowship is available to students, worldwide, who are already
admitted to a graduate program at an accredited university. The intent
of the fellowship is to help students develop skills and to address
problems related to relevant applications of coral reef ecosystem
research and management. The fellowship can be used to support salary,
travel, fieldwork, or laboratory analyses. Renewal of the fellowship is
possible, but is based on annual resubmission. The student can work
entirely at the host university, or can split time between developed and
developing country universities. Priority in 1998 will be given to a
student based at a university located in a less developed country with
significant coral reef resources.

Application materials

	A four page proposal, double spaced, in English, is required from
prospective fellowship candidates that outlines the research program,
emphasizing the mix of applied and basic issues addressed in the
program. The proposal should include an overview, methods, expected
results, and a budget; it is important that proposals follow this format
exactly. Eight copies of the proposal must be provided. The students
major professor is required to submit a CV (maximum length 3 pages) and
a support letter, in English, that details cost sharing and facility
support. If work will be conducted at a second university, a support
letter is required from the sponsoring professor. Application
materials will be reviewed by an ISRS/CMC panel; evaluation criteria
include scientific merit, feasibility, cost sharing, and relevancy to
the Fellowship guidelines.

SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS OCTOBER 15, 1997.

Submit proposals to the ISRS Recording Secretary, UNC-Wilmington, 515
Caribbean Drive, Key Largo, Florida 33037. For additional information
contact SMiller@gate.net.

SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS OCTOBER 15, 1997.

Information about ISRS and CMS

The International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) and the Center for
Marine Conservation (CMC) support the Fellowship through professional
and administrative contributions. The mission of the ISRS is to promote
for the benefit of the public, the production and dissemination of
scientific knowledge and understanding concerning coral reefs, both
living and fossil. The mission of the CMC is to protect ocean
environments and conserve the abundance and diversity of marine life.
Its programs focus on eliminating four major threats to the health of
the marine environment: pollution, physical alteration of marine
ecosystems as a result of human activity, overexploitation of marine
resources, and loss of marine biodiversity.

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 "'ecology@bluemarble.net'" <ecology@bluemarble.net>
To: "'promed@usa.healthnet.org'" <promed@usa.healthnet.org>,
 "'riskanal@bbs.pnl.gov'" <riskanal@bbs.pnl.gov>
Subject: Climate Change Policy Information Request
Date: Thu, 11 Sep 1997 09:02:12 -0400
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Dear Colleagues:

We are compiling a list of employment opportunities in the areas of CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY and GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY.

If you are aware of positions in these and closely related areas, we would grateful if you could send us details.

Thank you, and best wishes.

Orion Worldwide Research

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 11 13:49:10 1997
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Hello coral-listers. I was wondering whether anybody might have an email
address for Tomas Tomascik? I have searched the on-line archive at the
CHAMP site, but no email address is listed. I also have done a web
search, and come up empty. I'd greatly appreciate it if anybody can
help. Thanks for your time.

Greg Piniak

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 THE GALLON ENVIRONMENT LETTER
 SEPTEMBER 8, 1997

_________________________________________________________

ONTARIO DEREGULATION CONTINUES:
ENDS ENFORCEMENT UNDER FEDERAL FISHERIES ACT

The Government of Ontario continues the systematic dismantling of
environmental protection in Ontario. This is not good news for Canada, given
that Ontario generates almost half of the pollution in the country, and
Ontario was found to be the third worst polluter out of 61 states and
provinces in Canada the United States. But marching to its own drum,
Ontario so far has:

o 	cut the Ministry of Environment and Energy's budget 42%
o 	eliminated almost 1,000 environmental officers positions
o 	cut all provincial funding to environment groups
o 	eliminated the Intervenor Funding Project Act
o 	eliminated funding for beaches clean up
o 	eliminated Environmental Compensation Corporation
o 	eliminated funding for clean technologies (the Environmental Technologies
Program)
o 	slashed enforcement and abatement functions

Now it has taken the next step. One of the strongest and oldest tools for
protecting the environment within the provinces is the federal Fisheries
Act. In most cases, the provincial agencies use the federal act to protect
fish habitat and water quality. However, in an unusual move, the Government
of Ontario issued a notice (EBR Registry No. PB7E4004.P) that it: "will no
longer be providing enforcement of the habitat provisions of the federal
Fisheries Act (Sec. 35)...". Further, it stated that it: "will no longer be
providing mitigation advice on fisheries habitat on behalf of the Dept. of
Fisheries and Oceans (DFO).

Ontario said it plans to return the responsibility for fish habitat in
Ontario to the federal government. This is ironic considering that through
the CCME Harmonization process Ontario has been arguing for the federal
government to transfer its environmental responsibilities to the provinces.
With the federal government cutting its environmental budget by 40 per cent
(another 200 environment staff are being cut this month), it is in no longer
in a position to re-assume responsibility for enforcing the Fisheries Act in
Ontario. The Ontario government understands this. The move effectively
ends the enforcement of the Fisheries Act in Ontario. Formal comments are
being requested up to September 17, 1997 by the Ontario Environmental
Commissioner for the Ministry of Natural Resources. EBR Website:
http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/ envision/ebr/index.htm.

Paul Muldoon, senior lawyer with the Canadian Environmental Law Association
(CELA), based in Toronto, stated that: "the MNR's action is concrete
evidence that the provincial government wants to get out of the
environmental protection business. It continues to look for excuses not to
enforce laws. The proposed (CCME) harmonization agreement effectively hands
the federal environmental role to the provinces who, as evidenced by this
decision, have no intention of doing anything with it." For a copy of their
press release contact: CELA, 517 College St., Suite 401, Toronto, M6G 4A2,
Ph. (416) 960-2284. Or download from the website:
http://www.web.net/cela.

***************************************************

ENVIRONMENT CANADA QUIETLY LAYING OFF ANOTHER 200

Following the Program Review of 1995, Environment Canada was ordered to cut
its budget by close to 40 per cent. Part of the cut included more than 600
jobs. However, in an attempt to soften the cuts, Environment Canada
promised to make profit centres and raise money from ministry activities to
pay for part of its operations. But the expected revenues never
materialized and Environment Canada is in the midst of cutting another 200
staff, since funding for these positions is not included in the budget
allocation from the Ministry of Finance.

********************************************************

CANADA'S ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBAL WARMING POLICY STATEMENT MADE BY ENERGY MINISTER

The U.S. news agency, Reuters, reported that Canada's Minister of Natural
Resources, Ralph Goodale, made an environmental policy statement on global
warming. They reported that he stated: "Canada will not promise big cuts in
greenhouse gas emissions at the (Kyoto) summit in Japan." In an article
written by Reuters' Jeffrey Jones, September 5th, it was reported that
Goodale, after speaking to a Canadian conference on climate change in
Calgary said: "the challenge for Canada to even stabilize emissions is
particularly daunting because of its large land mass, increasing dependency
on international trade and resource-based economy". For more information,
contact: Hon. Ralph Goodale, Minister, Natural Resources Canada, 580 Booth
St., Ottawa K1A 0E4, ph. (613) 996-2007; NRCan website:
http://www.NRCan.gc.ca:80/home/page2_e.htm.

This article and other Reuters' environment articles can be found on the
Planet Ark web site: http://www.planetark.org.

**********************************************

GREEN COMMUNITIES NETWORK MEETS WITH CANADA'S ENVIRONMENT MINISTER CHRISTINE
STEWART

The Green Communities Association (CGA) executive met with federal
Environment Minister Christine Stewart for an hour and a half August 12,
1997 to brief her about the National Green Communities Initiative which
promotes small business involvement in eco-efficiency for residential and
commercial establishments. CGA reported that Stewart "cautioned us about the
scarcity of funds but provided some helpful comments. She encouraged us to
bring forward a five-year proposal for federal participation in
community-based environmental activity.". Contact: Clifford Maynes,
Coordinator, Green Communities Association, 4 Knox St., Peterborough,
Ontario K9H 2A8; ph. (705) 745-7479; fax: (705) 745-7294; email: cmaynes@
web.net; website: www.ptbo.igs.net/~gca/.

****************************************************************

**************************************************
GREEN GREEN GREEN JOBS JOBS JOBS
**************************************************

PEMBINA INSTITUTE SEEKING ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT POLICY ANALYST FOR OTTAWA

The Pembina Institute based in Drayton Valley, Alberta needs an Energy and
Environment Policy Analyst to be based in Ottawa. The Pembina Institute is
one of Canada's top think tanks on energy, environment and economics. Its
policy staff concentrates on developing creative regulations, designing
public education programs, and proposing economic instruments in areas of
clean air and energy, and green economics. The candidate should have
substantial experience in the field and be bilingual (French and English).
Contact: Robert Hornung, (613) 235-2190 or email: rhornung@web.net.

****************************************************

CANADA'S JOHN VAN NOSTRAND ASSOC. SEEKING INTERN FOR ZAMBIA PROJECT

John van Nostrand Associates Limited (JVA) is a Toronto-based firm of urban
planners, architects and engineers founded in 1978. JVA provides urban and
rural planning and management services to Canadian municipalities,
international development agencies and non-governmental organizations, and
the private sector. Since 1995, JVA has been involved in the municipal
decentralization process initiated by the Government of the Republic of
Zambia. The intern will be required to produce the following deliverables:
Progress Report: Including draft Municipal Profiles, and digitized basemaps
 Final Report: Including final Municipal Profiles  Internship Evaluation
Report: Outlining expenses, achievement of internship objectives, including
relevant skills, knowledge and experience gained. The successful applicant
will possess proficiency in the use of AutoCAD and/or GIS, familiarity with
the urban development process and municipal governance issues, and have some
overseas experience in a developing country urban environment. Candidates
must be under the age of 30, and must be either a Canadian citizen or
permanent resident. Contact: Michel Frojmovic, Tel. (613) 728-0335, Fax.
(613) 728-2467, Email. frojmovi@istar.ca.

*********************************************************

MORE ENVIRONMENT JOBS IN CANADA (COMPLIMENTS THE GLOBE AND MAIL)

*********************************************************

SYNCRUDE WANTS TWO SENIOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS

Syncrude operates a large oil sands petroleum extract mining project in Fort
McMurray, Alberta. It's Environmental Affairs Dept. Is seeking two
full-time environmental scientists to work on land reclamation,
environmental assessment, environmental monitoring, and air pollution
control. You need at least a Masters Degree and 10 years experience.
Deadline September 15, 1997. Contact: Syncrude Canada Ltd., fax (403)
790-7573, email: recruiting@syncrude.com; website: http://www.syncrude.com.

COGEMA MINING CO. SEEKING VP ENVIRONMENT AND LICENSING

Cogema Resources Inc., operates two uranium mines at Cluff Lake and McClean
Lake in Northern Saskatchewan. It is looking for a Vice-President
Environment and Licensing. He/she will be responsible for all
environmentally related matters including the obtaining and compliance with
federal and provincial licensing requirements and the development long and
short term plans related to environment objectives. Competition No. 97037GM.
Deadline for application September 24, 1997. Fax (306) 343-4656.

EASTSCAN GEOMATICS LTD. NEEDS GENERAL MANAGER

Eastcan Geomatics Ltd., a member of the MacDonnell Group is based in
Halifax, Nova Scotia. It does GIS environmental mapping, digital geological
and ecosystems analysis for regions in the Caribbean and Latin America.
Eastcan needs a General Manager with at least five years senior management
experience. Deadline September 23, 1997. Email: gerrypost@mgnet.ca.

NWT WANTS TWO ENVIRONMENT POSITIONS: LEGISLATION AND ENFORCEMENT OFFICER AND
POLAR BEAR BIOLOGIST

The NWT Dept. of Resources, Wildlife and Economic Development, Nunavut
Headquarters wants to hire a Senior Advisor, Legislation & Enforcement
(Salary $48,000 to $58,000; Ref. # 041-0027-0100) and a Polar bear Biologist
(Salary: $54,000 to $64,000: Ref. # PB-97-0100). Deadline: September 15,
1997. Fax application to Shohil Kanji, Ph. (819) 979-5074, fax (819) 979-6026.

CYANAMID WANTS ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATORY AFFAIRS ASSOCIATE

Cynamid Crop Protection, manufacturer of pesticides and chemical
fertilizers, based in Markham wants a regulatory affairs associate to report
to the Director of Regulatory and Environmental Affairs. Prefer a Ph.D.,
but will accept M.Sc. With experience in environmental fate, environmental
chemistry, aquatic/terrestrial ecology, and pesticide regulation. Deadline
September 17, 1997; Mail resume to: Cindy Piggott, Director, Human
Resources, Cynamid Crop Protection, 88 McNabb St., Markham, Ontario L3R 6E6.

********************* END OF JOBS *******************************

**************************************
INTERNATIONAL
**************************************

BRITISH ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRY FINDS U.K. BUDGET LACKING

The British Environment Business Newsletter analyzed July 17th, 1997 the new
U.K. federal budget regarding the environment. The environment business
letter reports: "the first (Labour) budget has outlined the principles for
environmental tax reform, but has largely failed to deliver on its
environmental promise while fundamental changes have been put on ice until
next spring at the earliest. Chancellor Gordon Brown's first Budget has held
back from major green tax reforms" It reported that some bright spots in the
federal budget include: " modest increases in levies on traditional motor
fuels, with lower rates for clean fuels including natural gas, and important
tax concessions to boost investment." From: Information for Industry Ltd.,
18-20 Ridgway, London, England SW19 4QN, Tel: +44 (0) 181 944 2930, Fax:
+44 (0) 181 944 1982. e-mail eb@cix.compulink.co.uk, Website
http://www.ifi.co.uk.

******************************************

ENVIRONMENT SUMMIT 98: PREPARING FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM

A special international environment policy conference will be held the week
of May 11, 1998 at Research Triangle Park in North Carolina. It will
focus on emerging environmental issues including: voluntary environmental
measures like Project XL, EPA's Environmental Leadership Program, and ISO
14000. It will also deal with cradle-to-grave factors for sustainable
development of products being produced, distributed, used and disposed. It
will look at alternative communication methods and tools for presenting
environmental and safety data to special interest groups and the general
public; and review the assessment of the relative risk of multimedia
environmental impacts. Contact: Tammy Nielsen, Vice President,
Environmental Resource Center, ph. (919) 469-1585 ext. 226.

*********************************************************

2% GROWTH IN U.S. ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING AND CONSULTING INDUSTRY

	On average, environmental engineering consulting firms grew by about 2
percent in 1996, according to the Environmental Financial Consulting Group
Inc. (EFCG) based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The EFCG's annual financial
survey of CEOs of the engineering firms found that there was little change
in median operating margins. They reported that overall profits for the
industry are expected to be 35 percent to 40 percent lower in 1996 than what
had been projected in 1995. The CEOs view municipal markets and
water/wastewater work as the strongest market areas, while hazardous waste,
lab services and federal government work are seen as the weakest areas. This
report explores the financial themes of 1996 and looks at CEOs' predictions
for 1997. The detailed financial survey was completed by 165 of the roughly
175 CEOs in attendance at the Seventh Annual Environmental CEO Conference,
held in New York City. Among others, representatives of 48 of the top 50
engineering and consulting firms in the sector completed the three-page
survey. Participating firms generated $15.4 billion in gross revenues from
environmental engineering., consulting and remediation services. Source:
International Environmental Information Network 4801 W. 81st St. 
Minneapolis, MN 55437  Ph: 612/831-2473 Fx: 612/831-6550.

*********************************************************

ENVIRONMENT HIGH ON INTERNATIONAL POLLING RESULTS

Canada as a major exporter of minerals, wood products, and pulp and paper
faces a competitive disadvantage as a result of Europe's perception that
Canadians are falling down in protecting their environment. A new
international poll of some 27,000 people in 24 countries revealed that
environmental concerns of the consumer remain very high. Conducted by the
International Environment Monitor, called MORI, the poll found that "the
environment should be given priority even at the risk of slowing down
economic growth (56%). Only 17% say that economic growth should be given
priority even if the environment suffers. Eight out of ten people say
protecting the environment should be given at least equal priority to
economic growth. Twenty two per cent said they both should be given equal
priority."

***************************************************

FRENCH MINISTER WANTS ECO-TAX TO FIGHT POLLUTION

PARIS - French Environment Minister Dominique Voynet, the first Green to
hold the post, said in an interview on Thursday she wanted to introduce an
"eco-tax" on energy to fight against worsening air quality. Voynet told the
daily Le Figaro that pollution alerts this week in Paris and other large
cities were only "the tip of the iceberg" and that France had to take
longer-term measures against rising pollution levels. Pollution alerts were
in force for the third straight day during August in the French cities of
Paris, Lyon, Lille and Strasbourg. She said she: "would like France to
adopt an eco-tax on energy and carbon emissions to promote behaviour that
respects health and the environment more,". She added that: "It would not
be an extra tax, but a tax that could gradually replace part of the tax
system."

France's prime minister has set up a working group on this issue. All
cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants would have to draw up an air
pollution and global warming gases reduction plan by late 1998 to shift the
emphasis towards public transport and non-polluting alternatives such as
bicycles or walking. Voynet said she also favoured stricter automobile
emission norms and supported efforts within the European Union to introduce
them community-wide by the year 2000. (c) Reuters Limited 1997

******************************************************

IRAN FOCUSES ON PROTECTING ITS ENVIRONMENT

TEHRAN (Reuter) - Iran's first woman vice-president said on Monday she would be
prepared to pass laws to protect the environment. "Special attention will be
paid to the protection
of the environment...If necessary we will approve new laws to protect the
environment,"
Masoumeh Ebtekar, 37, told state television. Ebtekar, also appointed to
head the Environmental Protection Organisation, stated: "We will try to
acquire environmentally friendly technology and work closely with
universities and research centres," (c) Reuters Limited 1997

*******************************************************

HUNDREDS DETAINED WHILE PROTESTING INDIAN SMELTER

MADRAS, India (Reuter) - Indian police on Saturday detained hundreds of
protesters demanding the permanent closure of a copper smelter which they
said was spreading pollution. The protesters, demanded the shutdown of the
Sterlite Industries (India) Ltd smelter in the southern port city of
Tuticorin, police said. Sterlite operates India's only private-sector
copper smelter, which began production in December 1996. The company was
asked in early July to shut down its 100,000-tonne annual capacity smelter
after suspected gas emissions. More than 100 workers of a nearby factory
were taken to hospital. The company strongly denied any leak. On August
13, the firm received permission to reopen (c) Reuters Limited 1997

***********************************************************

INDIA DEMANDS FIRMS HAVE EFFLUENT TREATMENT SYSTEMS

NEW DELHI (Reuter) - India ordered 2,026 industrial units, discharging
wastes to rivers, to install effluent treatment systems in three months or
be closed down. "We have given them three months' time starting fourth of
August," Environment Minister Saifuddin Soz told reporters in the Indian
capital. Soz said committees comprising senior officials from the
Environment Ministry would be set up for the four zones in the nation to
examine the level of waste discharge by the companies. Twenty-five percent
of the cost of setting up the systems would be provided by the federal
government and 25 percent by the state where a company was based. -- New
Delhi Newsroom (91) 11-301-2024; Fax (91) 11-301-4043 (c) Reuters Limited 1997

*******************************************************

END

Gary T. Gallon
Canadian Institute for Business and the Environment
506 Victoria Ave.
Montreal, Quebec H3Y 2R5
Ph. (514) 369-0230
Fax (514) 369-3282
email: cibe@web.net

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Subject: There is No Global Warming
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 THE GALLON ENVIRONMENT LETTER
 AUGUST 18, 1997

_____________________________________________________________

GLOBAL WARMING DOES NOT EXIST: FRASER INSTITUTE, VANCOUVER

Global warming does not exist as an environmental problem, suggests The
Fraser Institute of Vancouver. The Institute states that: "the public has
been barraged with apocalyptic predictions of global warming. This campaign
has been so successful that global warming is now reported as fact...the
evidence, however, does not support the predictions." This statement was
quoted from the Institute's brochure advertising its new conference to
debunk global warming. Called "the Science and Politics of Global Warming"
conference, it will be held October 29, 1997 in Vancouver.

The Fraser Institute is part of the "wise-use" movement of anti-environment
associations in the United States which use environmentalists tactics to
fight against environmental issues. Members of the wise-use movement in the
U.S. include: the Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment
(FREE), Competitiveness Enterprise Institute, the Barry Goldwater Institute,
CATO Institute, Reason Foundation, The Fraser Institute (Canada), and the
Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow. In 1990, they joined together to
form the Earth Day Alternatives (EDA) coalition. Its motto: "Environment -
as if people mattered". The wise-use institutes stated that "members of the
Earth Day Alternatives (including Canada's Fraser Institute) believe that
environmental policy took a turn for the worse when it was taken out of the
hands of individuals and turned over to Congressmen, EPA bureaucrats, and
nvironmental lobbyists." [Source: Earth Day Alternatives, Press Release, 233
Pennsylvania Ave., S.E., Suite 200, Ph. (202) 547-1010]

The conservative institutes run a conservative email daily news service
called C-NEWS. To subscribe to c-news send the message SUBSCRIBE C-NEWS to
the email address: majordomo@world.std.com. Currently, it is running a
six-part series called "Global Warming or Globaloney?" In the sixth article
of the series, Phil Brennan writes about global warming concerns that:
"driven into a state of near panic, the world's overnments are proposing to
spend trillions of dollars and impose draconian regulations upon all of us
in an all-out, Tower-of -Babel effort to counteract the perceived threat of
Global Warming."

Most of the speakers at the Fraser Institute Conference are from the United
States. There is Patrick Michaels and Robert Davis from the University of
Virginia, Robert Balling Jr. from Arizona State U., Thomas Moore with
Stanford U., Sallie Baliunas Harvard University, and John Christie from the
University of Alabama. The luncheon keynote speaker will be the Hon.
Stephen West Alberta's Minister of Energy. Conference registration cost:
$195 before September 29, and $225 thereafter. To register call Ph (604)
688-0221, fax (604) 688-8539. Visit the Fraser Institute's website:
http://www.fraserinstitute.ca.

************************************************

165 COUNTRIES FIND GLOBAL WARMING A PROBLEM: UNFCCC

In 1992, at the Rio Earth Summit, Canada and 164 other nations agreed to
sign onto the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC). It sets an "ultimate objective" of stabilising "greenhouse gas
concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic (human-induced) nterference with the climate system." Even
the Canadian Ministers of the Environment, after consutlting their experts,
came to the conclusion that global warming had to be taken seriously.

Worldwide, governments, and their scientists, both conservative and liberal
have come to the conclusion that "the problem is that human activity is
making the global warming gases blanket thicker. The U.N. Convention
authorities at the UNFCCC state that: for example, when we burn coal, oil,
and natural gas we spew huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the air. When we
destroy forests the carbon stored in the trees escapes to the atmosphere.
Other basic activities, such as raising cattle and planting rice, emit
methane, nitrous oxide, and other greenhouse gases. If emissions continue to
grow at current rates, it is almost certain that atmospheric levels of
carbon dioxide will double from pre-industrial levels during the 21st
century. If no steps are taken to slow greenhouse gas emissions, it is quite
possible that levels will triple by the year 2100. The most direct result,
says the scientific consensus, is likely to be a "global warming" of 1.5
to 4.5 C over the next 100 years."

The UNFCCC states that the Convention "recognises that there is a problem.
That's a significant step. It is not easy for the nations of the world to
agree on a common course of action, especially one that tackles a problem
whose consequences are uncertain and which will be more important for our
grandchildren than for the present generation. Still, the Convention was
negotiated and signed by 165 states in a little over two years, and over 100
have already ratified and so are legally bound by it. The treaty took effect
on 21 March 1994." For more information contact the UNFCCC website:
http://www.unfccc.de/fccc/conv/beginner.htm.

***************************************************

CANADIAN GLOBAL CHANGE PROGRAM (CGCP)

The CGCP coordinates state-of-the-art assessments of research results in
areas of potentially high impact to Canadians, identifying information gaps
and opportunities for Canadian contributions to reducing global warming gas
emissions. These assessments take the form of expert panels, research/policy
forums and commissioned studies. The CGCP secretariat are working on some
of the strategic options for reducing global warming gases that ministers
may wish to consider for the future evolution of climate change policy in
Canada. After several reviews by the CGCP and CCP boards of directors, it
was sent to the ministers, then to various media and other interested
parties just prior to the December meeting. The submission is available from
the CGCP . Visit the website at: http://www.cgcp.rsc.ca/english/
html_documents/eindex.html

****************************************************

ENERGY EFFICIENCY MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR CANADIAN COMPANIES IN POLAND

Before Ontario Hydro slashed its conservation program, B.C. Hydro dropped
its "Power Smart" program, and Quebec Hydro walked away from energy
conservation, Canada built a competitive advantage in energy efficiency
technologies and services. Before the advantage is eroded by the advance of
other countries' global warming gases reduction programs, Canadian companies
can provide strong environmental technologies and services to Poland.

Poland could save about $1.8 billion per year over the next 15 years through
energy efficiency, the International Institute for Energy Conservation
(IIEC) said in a report. "Poland still uses energy very inefficiently -
2-3 times as much as energy per unit of GDP - compared to Western Europe,"
said Stewart Boyle, Executive Director of the IIEC-Europe. Investment
opportunities include cogeneration and gas technologies, energy efficient
lighting and energy service companies (ESCOS), said the IIEC report. From
January 1 1998 new environmental regulations will require investment to
upgrade or replace aged boilers and stop the use of lignite burning. The
European Bank for Reconstruction and Developement (EBRD) is financing energy
efficiency schemes, the report said. The Polish government predicts that $53
billion is needed to upgrade the energy infrastructure by 2010.

***********************************************

CEIA NATIONAL PRESIDENT MEET WITH CANADA'S ENVIRONMENT MINISTER

Paul Antle, Chairman of the Canadian Environment Industry's (CEIA) Board of
Directors, was invited to attend meetings with new Environment Minister
Christine Stewart on Thursday, July 31 in Ottawa; and with former
Environment Minister, now Minister of International Trade, Sergio Marchi on
Friday, August 8 in Toronto. The informal luncheon meeting with Minister
Stewart was attended by 13 other industry representatives. Minister Stewart
expressed her belief in the need for a firm regulatory floor to ensure
environmental standards, and emphasized her intention to build relationships
between her department and the traditional industry sectors. For more
information contact: Ron Portelli, President, CEIA National, Tel: 613-236-
6222, or
Fax: 613-236-6850 or E-mail: ceia@capitalnet.com. Website:
http://www.ceia-acie.ca.

*********************************************

FILL OUT SURVEY ON FUTURE OF GREAT LAKES

Emerging Issues Survey Great Lakes Science Advisory Board's survey on
changes in environmental and social dynamics that may impringe upon the
Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. Go to website: http://www.ijc.org/whatsnew/
annoncem.html. Fill it out the form on the site.

**********************************************

INTERNET WORKSHOP ON ECONOMIC ACCOUNTING RELATED TO FISHERIES HARVESTING AND
MANAGEMENT

A specialized workshop for economists and fisheries managers is being hosted
12 August to 11 October 1997 on the internet by the Fisheries Department
and Statistics Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the
United Nations (FAO), the Institute of Advanced Studies of the United
Nations University (UNU/IAS), and the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).

The workshop seeks multi-disciplinary advice on pertinent issues of
integrated environmental and economic accounting in fisheries including
definitional boundaries of production and capital formation; environmental
satellite accounting (e.g. physical accounting, materials/energy balances,
etc.); ocean accounts for areas outside of countries jurisdictions;
valuation of aquatic resources and assessment of imputed environmental
costs. The advice will be used in the drafting of written guidelines on this
topic. To participate in this electronic workshop send an e-mail to
mailserv@mailserv.fao.org with the following one line message and leaving
blank the subject matter field: Subscribe FisheriesAcc-L

For more information visit the Home Page of the FAO Fisheries Department
http://www.fao.org/ waicent/faoinfo/fishery/fishaccl/fishaccl.htm) where a
prospectus and discussion paper can be viewed and downloaded. These
documents can also be obtained from the FTP site ftp.fao.org (193.43.36.7)
at the \fao\fi\document\fishaccl path; or as Word Perfect 5.1 for MS-DOS
files via Mailserv: address a message to mailserv@mailserv.fao.org leaving
the subject blank and put in the following two lines :- send
[fisheriesacc]prospect.wpf/mode=block send
[fisheriesacc]discuss.wpf/mode=block If your Email system is not
MIME-compliant with regards to attachments, then try adding
"/encoding=UUENCODE" at the end of each line.

In case of difficulties to subscribe to the workshop or download the
documents, please contact either Rolf Willmann, FAO Fisheries Department
<rolf.willmann@fao.org> or Pratap Narain, FAO Statistics Division <

*******************************************

CHINA GETS SERIOUS WITH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
SHUTS DOWN 74,000 POLLUTING FACTORIES.

China's work force is getting sick from too much pollution. The economic
impacts of ignoring pollution can no longer be ignored. China has shut down
74,000 small factories with serious pollution problems, the Xinhua news
agency said on Friday. The figure accounted for 86 percent of polluters
targeted by an anti-pollution decree issued by the State Council, or
cabinet, last year, it said. The plants, mainly in rural areas, included
paper mills, tanning factories, printing and dyeing mills and coking plants
using outdated equipment, Xinhua said. So far, 18 provinces have shut down
all the polluters on their lists, it said. China has carried out two
nationwide inspections of plants with serious pollution problems in the past
few years, it said without
giving further details.

******************************************

NEWS FROM ONTARIO'S GREEN COMMUNITIES

Participants at the Ontario Green Communities pollution prevention meeting,
in Niagara-on- the-Lake last Friday, agreed on steps to complete a P2
partnership between Environment Canada and Green Communities. Tasks include
development of programs, a results measurement protocol, partnerships (e.g.,
to help pay for sample non-toxic cleaner kits), and a three-year plan. A
full launch is proposed by the first of next year.

The Green Communities Association (GCA) has received a request from
Honolulu, Hawaii, for its nearly finished introductory guide, "How to Grow a
Green Community". GCA's Jill Proud is in Santiago, Chile, this week
representing the Ontario Green Communities Association in negotiations with
groups and government officials there. The Chileans are looking into this
Canadian model for the purpose of adopting it for their own use. Canada is
seen as a leader in this field.

The Peterborough Green-Up Group placed a display ad in the Yellow Pages Home
Improvements section of its phone book promoting "Whole House Solutions" to
various "house problems." Their slogan: "We know how your house works."
Smaller ads were also placed under Heating Contractors, Windows, and
Environmental Organizations. For more information about the Green
Communities business group contact: Clifford Maynes, Coordinator, Green
Communities Association, 4 Knox St., Peterborough, Ontario K9H 2A8; vox:
(705) 745-7479; fax: (705) 745-7294; email: cmaynes@web.net; website:
www.ptbo.igs.net/~gca/.

**********************************************

ONTARIO'S ENVIRONMENT AND THE "COMMON SENSE REVOLUTION": A Second Year
Report July 1997

The Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy released last its
report providing a chronology and overview of the Ontario government's
activities between June 1996 and June 1997. The report details the immediate
and long-term environmental consequences of the government's actions and
includes a discussion of its most likely next steps.

The 160-pages report entitled Ontario's Environment and the "Common Sense
Revolution": A Second Year Report is divided into chapters covering: public
participation in decision-making; regulatory reform and standard setting;
land-use; environmental assessment; environmental science and monitoring;
air; water; waste; energy; pesticides; forestry; wildlife, wilderness and
parks; non-renewable resources; mining; transportation; and underground
storage tanks, pressure vessels and boilers.

The report concludes that as of the end of the Legislative session in June,
virtually every statute in the province dealing with the environment or
natural resources management had been amended to: reduce environmental
protection requirements; increase the discretion of ministers and the
cabinet; eliminate opportunities for public participation in
decision-making; permit the delegation of provincial authority to the
private sector; and shield the Crown from lawsuits arising from damages
caused by its repeal of environmental protection requirements. At the same
time, the budgets of environmental agencies have undergone dramatic
reductions. The report is available from CIELAP for $20.00 + 15% S&H.
Founded in 1970, the Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and Policy is
an independent, not-for-profit environmental law and policy research and
educational organization. For more information or copies of the Ontario's
Environment and the "Common Sense Revolution": A Second Year Report contact:
Jan Rabantek , Project Officer, Canadian Institute for Environmental Law and
Policy Tel: (416) 923-3529, Fax: (416) 923-5949, E-mail: cielap@web.net

************************************************

AUSTRALIAN ATHLETES FALL ILL FROM SEVERELY POLLUTED RIVER AFTER BRIDGE
COLLAPSE AT ISRAEL'S MACCABIAH GAMES

According the Rueter's News Service Inc. journalist, Julian Linden, at least
10 Australian athletes fell ill in the wake of the Maccabiah Games bridge
collapse in Israel due to health problems caused by poisons in the Yakron
River under the bridge. The 10 athletes suffered respiratory problems after
either falling or diving into the river after the bridge near Tel Aviv
collapsed on July 14, 1997. "Some of these people had been saved from
drowning after being resuscitated at the scene while others had dived into
the water to try and save others." One of the three Australians that died
did not die from the injuries sustained from the fall but died 12 days later
in hospital due to lung damage caused by poisonous water. "I've barely
eaten since the day of the bridge," Sumegi told an Australian newspaper on
Thursday. "My stomach got infected and caused my oesophagus to ulcerate. I
have been pretty ill.".

*************************************************

US NORTHEAST STATES WANTS U.S. MIDWEST AIR POLLUTION STOPPED

Canada is finding allies in its bid to reduce transboundary air pollution
coming from the United States, writes Sonali Paul from the Rueters New
Service. At least five northeastern states plan to ask the U.S. government
to force power plants and factories in the Midwest to cut their pollution to
help ease smog problems downwind, state officials said on Friday. The
petitions, which could be filed in August 1997, are the latest attempt by
the northeastern states to target sources of pollution outside their region
in their struggle to meet federal air quality standards. The five states
-- Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and New York -- were part
of a group of 32 eastern states which agreed last June to take steps to help
each other fight smog in cities with the dirtiest air. Pennsylvania also is
considering filing a petition, a state environmental spokeswoman said. The
northeastern states decided to break ranks with the other eastern states
because they want air quality to improve faster than under the June
agreement. "We feel we can't wait any longer, that we need immediate
action," said Jennifer Post, a spokeswoman for New York's Department of
Environmental Conservation. "We're trying to take every legal avenue
available to address this problem," Post said. But they still have not been
able to budge the big coal-fired utilities in the industrialized mid-west
and the states that provide them with the coal.

******************************************

SUBSCRIBE TO THIS NEWSLETTER

Support the work of the Canadian Institute for Business and the Environment.
Ssubscribe to "The Gallon Environment Letter". The four-page newsletter is
distributed twice monthly. Send a cheque for $98.00 a year (GST included)
and help finance the research that delivers inside information and breaking
news on environment business in Canada and the world. Make cheque out to
"Gallon Letter", send to CIBE, 506 Victoria Ave., Montreal, Quebec, H3Y 2R5.

Gary T. Gallon
Canadian Institute for Business and the Environment
506 Victoria Ave.
Montreal, Quebec H3Y 2R5
Ph. (514) 369-0230
Fax (514) 369-3282
email: cibe@web.net

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 12 10:46:43 1997
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Date: Fri, 12 Sep 1997 09:59:01 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Dr. Ernesto Weil" <eweil@caribe.net>
Subject: RAPID WASTING DISEASE
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Dear Mr. Cervino and coral disease colleagues,

We would like to share some important information with you all about the
recently described "Rapid Wasting Disease". We are using Dr. Weil's
e-mail at this point because our e-mail system is down. Any comments could
be addressed to the e-mail address at the bottom or through Dr. Weil's
address if there are problems.

We have been following the coral-list information concerning the recent
increase in coral disease and the discovery of a new disease, termed rapid
wasting disease. We have monitored reefs in Jamaica and Puerto Rico over
the last 6 years; we routinely spend 5 days per week in the field, which
provides an excellent opportunity to follow the spread and impact of coral
diseases. While our research indicates that disease is an important
component contributing to a decline of live coral, we have occasionally
identified corals with lesions (especially C. natans and M. annularis)
devoid of tissue and skeletal material, and have attributed this damage to
parrotfish.
In June 1997 we ran a series of transects on reefs of Bonaire and Curaao
to examine the apparent health of the star coral complex (Montastraea
spp.), the major reef builder on these reefs. Our data from 6 reefs in
Curaao indicate that star corals were infected primarily by yellow-band
disease (YBD), with a low proportion of corals showing signs of other
diseases as well as "rapid wasting disease" (RWD). While YBD was observed
on up to 1 in 6 corals, and was found at all depths, RWD was rare (<0.1%),
patchy in occurrence, and absent from deeper reef areas (>25 m). Surveys
in Bonaire indicate that YBD is also the most severe affliction, although a
high proportion of corals above 20 m exhibited signs characteristic for
RWD. The most severe damage from RWD was observed on (but not confined to)
reefs along the northwestern half of the island.
We monitored colonies of M. annularis in Bonaire with recent tissue and
skeletal destruction for up to 70 min each. We observed 2/3 of the
colonies with fresh lesions being attacked by stoplight parrotfish
(Sparisoma viride) at least once, and usually repeatedly. During these
periods, 1-3 terminal phase male and several initial phase adult S. viride
removed live coral tissue and skeleton from a single coral head, returning
at 2-15 min intervals. In two cases, fish removed the majority of the
tissue from one lobe, then began grazing on an adjacent lobe. S. viride
also attacked C. natans; fish removed all tissue and skeletal material in a
band, moving methodically across the coral.
Bruggemann et al. (1994) investigated the ecology of stoplight parrotfish
in detail on one of these reefs in Bonaire (Karpata), noting that these
fish maintain and defend permanent territories in 3.5-25 m depth1. While
Bruggemann et al. noted that most bites were taken on algal turf associated
with dead coral, 9.3% of the bites taken by TP males were from living
corals, primarily M. annularis, creating conspicuous white spots on the
colony. Affected corals were located most frequently near territory
boundaries; they believe these "'white spot' bitesfunction in
consolidating the social interrelationships between individuals and groups"
1. Parrotfish consumed most material bitten off, however "spilling of
material that was scraped off but not ingested was occasionally observed in
the field. Sometimes the entire potential food mass was spit out, which
occurred mainly when bites were taken from live coral" 1.
Predation by stoplight parrotfish was the most serious cause of chronic
coral tissue loss to M. annularis in the U.S. Virgin Islands2. Parrotfish
grazing on live coral was temporally variable; the most severe damage,
affecting over 10% of the surface area of individual genets, and 25% of the
monitored colonies, was observed during a one year period following
Hurricane Hugo2. Frydl and Stearn (1978) concluded that stoplight
parrotfish were the only species that caused significant bioerosion in
Barbados3. They observed that a bite caused by the stoplight parrotfish
"leaves a well defined scar even when afflicted by a medium sized fish";
when feeding on rubble encrusted with algae and forams, fish "peel off the
encrusting layer, and remove part of the substrate beneath it" 3.
On reefs in Puerto Rico we have observed C. natans and the species of
Montastraea with signs of "rapid wasting disease" since 1995, although at
a much lower abundance; this is most likely a result of intense fishing
pressure here. Stoplight parrotfish is now predominant in the fish
markets, as other, more desirable species are becoming rare. This is
further evidence for the extreme numbers of corals being denuded of tissue
and skeleton in Bonaire, where spear and trap fishing have been banned for
17 years. Our observations of M. annularis in Bonaire indicates this
phenomenon has been occurring for years, as some colonies show sites of
previous damage (months to years) where the coral has begun to grow up
around the lesion.

We believe that parrotfish bites have been mistaken for this newly
described RWD and that fungus may be a secondary colonizing agent after the
 parrotfish produces the lesions. While the extent of damage caused by
stoplight parrotfish may vary temporally and spatially between reefs, our
data provide evidence that stoplight parrotfish can produce lesions on
colonies of star coral which demonstrate all the characteristics of "rapid
wasting disease" .

Even though rapid wasting disease may in fact be the result of something
other than a disease-causing pathogen, the importance of diseases in the
coral reef ecosystem can not be stressed enough. Research is needed to
investigate diseases such as YBD, white plague type II, and white pox,
which may have appeared in this decade, and are thought to have increased
in prevalence and severity over the last few years. Regular monitoring of
the apparent health of reefs is necessary to understand the mechanics of
coral disease spread and to properly identify other destructive agents.

1. Bruggemann, J.H., M.J.H. van Oppen and A.M. Breeman. 1994. Foraging by
the stoplight parrotfish Sparisoma viride. I. Food selection in different,
socially determined habitats. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 106:41-55.
2. Bythell, J.C., E.H. Gladfelter and M. Bythell. 1992. Ecological studies
of Buck Island Reef National Monument, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Part
II. P 40-61.
3. Frydl, P. and C.W. Stearn. 1978. Rate of bioerosion by parrotfishes in
Barbados reef environments. J. sediment. Petrol. 48: 1149-1158.

Andrew and Robin Bruckner
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
P.O. Box 908
Lajas, PR 00667
arbruckner@hotmail.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 12 11:32:47 1997
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Date: Fri, 12 Sep 1997 17:49:09 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Info required: Coral pathology - in general and WIO.....
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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Status: RO
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Greetings Coral Listers:

I am looking for information on coral pathology - more specifically,
published references on stress in corals and likely causes of stress, and
also stress indicators.

I seem to have hit a dearth of papers pertaining to coral mortality for the
Western Indian Ocean - if anybody has any papers referencing coral
pathology / mortality for the WIO, I'd like to get 'em (mail them to the
address below), or if anybody knows of references, email the
references to me. Please.

I'll be collating the responses (of course) and anybody who is intersted
in the subsequent compilation, feel free to email me.

Regards,

Jan L. Korrubel

Dept. of Applied Mathematics
University of Natal
Private Bag X01
3209 Scottsville
Pietermaritzburg
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 12 17:04:27 1997
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Date: Fri, 12 Sep 1997 17:01:37 -0400 (EDT)
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To: iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: October IYOR update
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CORAL - The Coral Reef Alliance will be publishing the next IYOR update for
October. Please send any updates about IYOR activities or programs to:

IYOR1997@aol.com

The due date for inclusion in the next update is September 26. Please keep
all submissions to less than 250 words.

Thanks.

Sincerely,
Arielle Levine
The Coral Reef Alliance

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 12 18:43:22 1997
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Date: Fri, 12 Sep 1997 18:20:01 -0400 (EDT)
From: Les Kaufman <lesk@bio.bu.edu>
To: "Dr. Ernesto Weil" <eweil@caribe.net>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: RAPID WASTING DISEASE
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19970912095858.006904c8@caribe.net>
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Regarding the identification of RWD and the possibility that it may
actually be S. viride bitemarks....

Remember that if something else killed the coral and microturf started to
grow, S. viride would be attracted to it and bite it. It would be very
difficult to determine on inspection whether RWD preceded, or resulted
from, an excavating bite mark.

Also, there are of course other excavating scarines in the tropical west
Atlantic. S. viride is the only Sparisoma that routinely does so, and the
only parrotfish in the TWA that regularly eats, or at least bites, living
coral.

Can somebody remind me where the web page is that posts photos of RWD?

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Sep 14 19:52:34 1997
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Date: Mon, 15 Sep 1997 06:37:27 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: pejbmru@ums.edu.my, soakley@tualang.unimas.my, indopac@aol.com,
 ppnd01@dof.moa.my, biusing@ppps.po.my, komilus@ppps.po.my,
 kpp01@dof.moa.my
Subject: Giant Clam Seminar
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Dear Coral-Lers,

I have tentatively set this Seminar for the month of Feb98.

This will give us time to develop a decent program.

I would like to have at least 30 speakers that would like to present
papers, posters, videos, slide shows, etc - all concerning various
aspects of conservation, rehabilitation, commercial culture,
and research.

Additional details will be posted soon.

Don Baker
THE REEF PROJECT
Sabah - Malaysia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 15 18:06:46 1997
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To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Kerry B Clark <kclark@iu.net>
Subject: collection device -- website now up
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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As I promised earlier this year on the Coral-List, I have put together a
website, with detailed pictorial instructions, on construction of a
one-handed collection bottle for small aquatic animals. This device uses
valves and a suction vortex to pull animals gently into the bottle with
neglible effort. The device can be built in 15 min to an hour, depending on
skill and practice, and costs about $10 to construct. This is ideal for
underwater collection of quantities of soft-bodied things that go "squish"
when trying to pick up with forceps or fingers, from hydromedusae to sea
slugs.

 http://users.aol.com/metazoa/sucker/

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://www.metazoa.com" -- "Bytes of Nature,"
producing the best in natural history software

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 15 23:26:54 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Sept 15 final version
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TO: Readers of Bruckner comments on RWD and parrotfish posted on Coral List

FROM: T. Goreau, J. Cervino, K. DeMeyer, I. Nagelkerken, R. Hayes, G.
Smith, M. Goreau

A. Bruckner has posted on the Web a claim that the condition
called Rapid Wasting Disease may actually be due to Parrotfish bites.

 Unfortunately Bruckner is criticizing data and interpretations
which have not yet been published, and therefore readers are unable to
assess the original information. We believe that his claim is in total
error, and present below some of the reasons why we think he is mistaken.

 Rapid Wasting Disease (RWD) spreads several inches a day on coral
heads in the field monitored every 24 hours, and also at a similar rate on
coral heads in aquaria and buckets which contain no parrotfish (Cervino
data). The parrotfish hypothesis was evaluated and rejected in a paper
containing photographs, transect data, distribution data, histology, and
microbiology. Because this is now under review at a leading scientific
journal, we are unable to post that manuscript with all the data at this
time, but the latest data will be available shortlyon the GCRA web site.

Microscopic examination of affected tissue edges show epidermal
inflamation and gastrodermal disruption which are consistent with a
spreading necrosis and not with physical bite excavations. We are extremely
familiar with parrotfish bite marks through detailed examination and
photography. Parrotfish bites form characteristic and unmistakeable grooves
and abrasion scars, and the affected skeleton lacks the crumbly,
dissolving, etched appearance characteristic of RWD. The
early stages of RWD are absolutely distinctive from parrotfish bites, as
the tissue pales and thins while the underlying skeleton surface any
physical damage.

When the tissue disappears the excavation can be as small as a single
polyp, an act of subtlety we have never seen parrotfishto perform. RWD
lesions in Bonaire were not seen before December 1996, andwere absent at
these sites until November 1996, according to regular long term monitoring
dives by the staff of the Bonaire Marine Park. The major RWD and Yellow
Band (YB) monitoring site in Bonaire has been the location of a large scale
study of parrotfish abundances, territories, and behaviour for many years
by researchers from the University of Groningen,who have documented in
detail all parrotfish behaviour patterns. Despite this close observation
the RWD lesions were not seen before December 1996.

 Parrotfish have been around all along, but the RWD type lesions are new.
Parrotfish bites were not a major cause of coral mortality in the past, and
parrotfish have declined greatly in most Caribbean reefs, especially the
terminal males responsible for territorial markings on coral. RWD has
increased hundreds of times in the last year. Once too rare to be noticed,
it is now too abundant to be missed. RWD is so stark
in appearance that there is no possibility that it was present but
unnoticed in the past: we have large numbers of reef photographs from the
1940s, 1950s, and 1960s which demonstrate this. If parrotfish cause or
transmit "RWD" it should have been common and widespread in the past and
declined in overfished reefs. Instead the opposite has happened. RWD was
not seen at all in Portobelo, Panama in July 1997 despite abundant
large parrotfish (which are not eaten locally), and conversely RWD was very
common in St. John in September 1997 despite a near absence of parrotfish.
This is the opposite of what Bruckner would predict. Observations from
other locations show no particular relationship betweenRWD lesions and
parrotfish abundance.

Large numbers of very old Colpophyllia colonies which are beautifully
rounded had no signs of growth abnormalities or missing chunks until
recently, yet have been rapidly killed by RWD this year. Have remaining
parrotfish increased coral consumption hundreds or thousands of times and
suddenly wiped out ancient corals which had never been affected before,
based on their morphology? Parrotfish bite any
available algal turf and calcareous algae more frequently than corals by
orders of magnitude. Parrotfish which bite corals normally specialize on
Porites, whose wounds heal over completely with no signs of infection. In
the past when parrotfish did bite Montastrea the dead areas were surrounded
by healthy tissue which overgrew the edges of the wounds without signs of
necrosis. If parrotfish bites cause secondary diseases to develop why did
this not happen before? Parrotfish rarely if ever bite Colpophyllia natans
tissue (although they do bite algae growing on dead Colpophyllia
skeletons). We observe parrotfish to frequently graze readily on the algal
turf which overgrows portions of colonies previously killed by RWD and
other diseases, but they confine themselves to the algae and do not attack
the coral tissue. Close observation of the bite marks is needed to see
where they actually bite. We suspect that Bruckner confused grazing on
algae turf on dead portions of corals with attacks on the live coral. We
have video documentation of this behaviour, and the bite scars were always
found to be on algal turf and not on the coral tissue.

Bruckner claims that only one coral out of six has YB and one out of a
thousand have RWD. We are baffled at Bruckner's reports of very low disease
abundances reported for Bonaire in June. We have tracked around 16 sites in
Bonaire and Curacao between February to July and find verymuch higher
numbers of incidence. We have hours of video transects from many sites in
which the incidence of both diseases are between 30 and 80% or more. These
abundances are corroborated by transect data taken by Cervino in Bonaire
and St. John, by Nagelkerken at sites in Curacao, by obervations by the
Bonaire Marine Park, and in numerous transects around Bonaire and Curacao
in a monitoring project run by Project Reefkeeper. We suspect that Bruckner
has failed to properly identify RWD and YB. We observe that RWD is
underestimated by many because it is commonly mistaken for bleaching, other
diseases, physical damage, and unknown causes of mortality. We note below
some differences between RWD and YB,
and why these have apparently been underestimated. RWD attacks the skeleton
as well as tissue but YB attacks only tissue. RWD usually hits the tops of
the coral heads, and YB usually hits the sides. Often after RWD has killed
the tops, YB finishes off the sides. One must look very close up at the
surface of the recently dead coral skeleton to
distinguish these causes of mortality. After a suitable period after death
from either cause, the coral is overgrown by calcareous encrusting red
algae if nutrients are low, and by algal turf or cyanobacteria if nutrients
are high, making identification of the original cause of death much harder.

Transect data, diagnostic photographs, videos, and maps of all Caribbean
reef diseases plus global data, will be posted on the Global Coral Reef
Alliance web site within weeks. We will post the address as soon as it is
up. We invite Bruckner to submit his photographs and videos to this site
once it is running, so that he and other viewers can compare them with the
data and images from a large network of observations from around the
Caribbean. We regret that he did not contact us or the Bonaire Marine Park
to discuss the observations, or look at the photographs before posting his
claims, as these could have been easily resolved had he checked with us.

James Cervino will be presenting this data in Woods Hole (tentative date
Mon. Oct 6th 97), along with his photographs and Tom Goreau's videos.
Photos of Parrot fish bite marks and photos of RWD in a 24 hour sequence
will be shown which indicate the drastic differences. Data and photographs
of the spread of the disease in the field, in aquaria, and in buckets will
be shown.

Please send comments to cnidaria@earthlink.net & goreau@earthlink.net

Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D., President
Global Coral Reef Alliance 324 Bedford Road
A non-profit organization for protection Chappaqua, New York 10514
and sustainable development of coral reefs USA

e-mail: goreau@earthlink.net
phone: 914-238-8788
fax: 914-238-8768

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 16 17:07:50 1997
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Date: Tue, 16 Sep 1997 13:36:55 -0700 (PDT)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Sept 15 final version
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:

I have gotten messages that this was only posted 1/2 complete, I will send
again. Sorry for the inconvience. JMC.

TO: Readers of Bruckner comments on RWD and parrotfish posted on Coral List

FROM: T. Goreau, J. Cervino, K. DeMeyer, I. Nagelkerken, R. Hayes, G.
Smith, M. Goreau

A. Bruckner has posted on the Web a claim that the condition
called Rapid Wasting Disease may actually be due to Parrotfish bites.

 Unfortunately Bruckner is criticizing data and interpretations
which have not yet been published, and therefore readers are unable to
assess the original information. We believe that his claim is in total
error, and present below some of the reasons why we think he is mistaken.

 Rapid Wasting Disease (RWD) spreads several inches a day on coral
heads in the field monitored every 24 hours, and also at a similar rate on
coral heads in aquaria and buckets which contain no parrotfish (Cervino
data). The parrotfish hypothesis was evaluated and rejected in a paper
containing photographs, transect data, distribution data, histology, and
microbiology. Because this is now under review at a leading scientific
journal, we are unable to post that manuscript with all the data at this
time, but the latest data will be available shortlyon the GCRA web site.

Microscopic examination of affected tissue edges show epidermal
inflamation and gastrodermal disruption which are consistent with a
spreading necrosis and not with physical bite excavations. We are extremely
familiar with parrotfish bite marks through detailed examination and
photography. Parrotfish bites form characteristic and unmistakeable grooves
and abrasion scars, and the affected skeleton lacks the crumbly,
dissolving, etched appearance characteristic of RWD. The
early stages of RWD are absolutely distinctive from parrotfish bites, as
the tissue pales and thins while the underlying skeleton surface any
physical damage.

When the tissue disappears the excavation can be as small as a single
polyp, an act of subtlety we have never seen parrotfishto perform. RWD
lesions in Bonaire were not seen before December 1996, andwere absent at
these sites until November 1996, according to regular long term monitoring
dives by the staff of the Bonaire Marine Park. The major RWD and Yellow
Band (YB) monitoring site in Bonaire has been the location of a large scale
study of parrotfish abundances, territories, and behaviour for many years
by researchers from the University of Groningen,who have documented in
detail all parrotfish behaviour patterns. Despite this close observation
the RWD lesions were not seen before December 1996.

 Parrotfish have been around all along, but the RWD type lesions are new.
Parrotfish bites were not a major cause of coral mortality in the past, and
parrotfish have declined greatly in most Caribbean reefs, especially the
terminal males responsible for territorial markings on coral. RWD has
increased hundreds of times in the last year. Once too rare to be noticed,
it is now too abundant to be missed. RWD is so stark
in appearance that there is no possibility that it was present but
unnoticed in the past: we have large numbers of reef photographs from the
1940s, 1950s, and 1960s which demonstrate this. If parrotfish cause or
transmit "RWD" it should have been common and widespread in the past and
declined in overfished reefs. Instead the opposite has happened. RWD was
not seen at all in Portobelo, Panama in July 1997 despite abundant
large parrotfish (which are not eaten locally), and conversely RWD was very
common in St. John in September 1997 despite a near absence of parrotfish.
This is the opposite of what Bruckner would predict. Observations from
other locations show no particular relationship betweenRWD lesions and
parrotfish abundance.

Large numbers of very old Colpophyllia colonies which are beautifully
rounded had no signs of growth abnormalities or missing chunks until
recently, yet have been rapidly killed by RWD this year. Have remaining
parrotfish increased coral consumption hundreds or thousands of times and
suddenly wiped out ancient corals which had never been affected before,
based on their morphology? Parrotfish bite any
available algal turf and calcareous algae more frequently than corals by
orders of magnitude. Parrotfish which bite corals normally specialize on
Porites, whose wounds heal over completely with no signs of infection. In
the past when parrotfish did bite Montastrea the dead areas were surrounded
by healthy tissue which overgrew the edges of the wounds without signs of
necrosis. If parrotfish bites cause secondary diseases to develop why did
this not happen before? Parrotfish rarely if ever bite Colpophyllia natans
tissue (although they do bite algae growing on dead Colpophyllia
skeletons). We observe parrotfish to frequently graze readily on the algal
turf which overgrows portions of colonies previously killed by RWD and
other diseases, but they confine themselves to the algae and do not attack
the coral tissue. Close observation of the bite marks is needed to see
where they actually bite. We suspect that Bruckner confused grazing on
algae turf on dead portions of corals with attacks on the live coral. We
have video documentation of this behaviour, and the bite scars were always
found to be on algal turf and not on the coral tissue.

Bruckner claims that only one coral out of six has YB and one out of a
thousand have RWD. We are baffled at Bruckner's reports of very low disease
abundances reported for Bonaire in June. We have tracked around 16 sites in
Bonaire and Curacao between February to July and find verymuch higher
numbers of incidence. We have hours of video transects from many sites in
which the incidence of both diseases are between 30 and 80% or more. These
abundances are corroborated by transect data taken by Cervino in Bonaire
and St. John, by Nagelkerken at sites in Curacao, by obervations by the
Bonaire Marine Park, and in numerous transects around Bonaire and Curacao
in a monitoring project run by Project Reefkeeper. We suspect that Bruckner
has failed to properly identify RWD and YB. We observe that RWD is
underestimated by many because it is commonly mistaken for bleaching, other
diseases, physical damage, and unknown causes of mortality. We note below
some differences between RWD and YB,
and why these have apparently been underestimated. RWD attacks the skeleton
as well as tissue but YB attacks only tissue. RWD usually hits the tops of
the coral heads, and YB usually hits the sides. Often after RWD has killed
the tops, YB finishes off the sides. One must look very close up at the
surface of the recently dead coral skeleton to
distinguish these causes of mortality. After a suitable period after death
from either cause, the coral is overgrown by calcareous encrusting red
algae if nutrients are low, and by algal turf or cyanobacteria if nutrients
are high, making identification of the original cause of death much harder.

Transect data, diagnostic photographs, videos, and maps of all Caribbean
reef diseases plus global data, will be posted on the Global Coral Reef
Alliance web site within weeks. We will post the address as soon as it is
up. We invite Bruckner to submit his photographs and videos to this site
once it is running, so that he and other viewers can compare them with the
data and images from a large network of observations from around the
Caribbean. We regret that he did not contact us or the Bonaire Marine Park
to discuss the observations, or look at the photographs before posting his
claims, as these could have been easily resolved had he checked with us.

James Cervino will be presenting this data in Woods Hole (tentative date
Mon. Oct 6th 97), along with his photographs and Tom Goreau's videos.
Photos of Parrot fish bite marks and photos of RWD in a 24 hour sequence
will be shown which indicate the drastic differences. Data and photographs
of the spread of the disease in the field, in aquaria, and in buckets will
be shown.

Please send comments to cnidaria@earthlink.net & goreau@earthlink.net

Thomas J. Goreau, Ph.D., President
Global Coral Reef Alliance 324 Bedford Road
A non-profit organization for protection Chappaqua, New York 10514
and sustainable development of coral reefs USA

e-mail: goreau@earthlink.net
phone: 914-238-8788
fax: 914-238-8768

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 17 01:07:48 1997
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Reply-To: <vicki@bigpond.com.kh>
From: "Vicki Nelson" <vicki@bigpond.com.kh>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Cambodian coral reefs
Date: Wed, 17 Sep 1997 09:10:56 +0700
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Hi everyone. I've just started working in Cambodia on a project to
increase provincial governmental capacity in coastal zone management. I'm
putting together training materials for courses in basic czm and natural
resource assessment. Does anyone, anywhere have any information whatsoever
on Cambodian coral reefs? We have nothing at all here apart from what you
can pick up by looking at the skeletons people sell in the market!

Any information gratefully received.

Cheers,

Vicki

Vicki Nelson
Wetlands International
PO Box 2182
Phnom Penh 3
855-15-835-806
email: vicki@bigpond.com.kh

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 17 17:28:21 1997
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From: "robin bruckner" <arbruckner@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RWD response
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To: T. Goreau, J. Cervino and other coral list readers
From: Andrew and Robin Bruckner, University of Puerto Rico

Response to comments from T. Goreau et al. posted on the Coral List:

We regret that our remarks have been interpreted as criticism rather
than as an avenue for the advancement of the general coral reef
community, which is why we chose to post this information on the Coral
List. We were simply responding to items appearing on the list, in the
newspaper and in Science. We were unaware of any manuscript in review
on RWD (and any data it may contain), and believe we have commented
strictly upon our own observations. There are some points Goreau et al.
addressed that deserves further comment.

Goreau et al. have not acknowledged that we are speaking specifically
about Sparisoma viride; they are correct in their generalization that
parrotfish graze predominantly on algal turf. They are incorrect when
they state that parrotfish rarely if ever bite Colpophyllia natans
tissue. Hours of observation, photographs and video footage will
confirm that the occurrence of S. viride biting Colpophyllia natans is
NOT rare, although it may be an infrequent event, and possibly cyclic in
its emergence. Sparisoma viride DO attack coral tissue, repeatedly, at
the interface of tissue and denuded skeleton. Our data will
substantiate that these fish are capable of destroying entire colonies
rapidly in a manner resembling RWD, and that often the damage is a
result of two or more fish. Is it a coincidence that this new disease
and stoplight parrotfish share a characteristic denuding of coral tissue
and degradation of skeletal material, and have manifested on the reefs
at the same time?

Having six years of continuous field experience specifically studying
coral disease in the Caribbean, we are very familiar with the signs of
YBD, now RWD, and other diseases, as well as damage caused by various
corallivores, and we certainly know the difference between coral tissue
and algal turf. We have been monitoring colonies of Montastraea spp.
with YBD on an offshore island since 1995. Signs of coral destruction
Goreau et al. attribute to RWD have manifested only infrequently in
Puerto Rico.

We are currently following several colonies of Colpophyllia natans
exhibiting signs of rapid tissue and skeletal degradation from an area
we survey routinely - this is the first incidence of intense
predator-mediated damage we have observed on this reef in the four years
we have been studying this site. One of these colonies has received
over 150 bites ON LIVE TISSUE in four hours of observation on four
consecutive days; damage was inflicted by three terminal phase stoplight
parrotfish. On a second colony, two original lesions existed; one
lesion increased in diameter by two centimeters from one day to the
next. We placed utility mesh over the top half of the colony, covering
the two lesions; the lower half of the coral was exposed. Four days
later, two new sites of tissue and skeleton destruction had initiated on
the same colony, outside of the caged area. No further progression of
tissue or skeletal destruction has been observed to the two lesions
under the cage. In contrast, one new lesion outside the caged area has
continued to increase in diameter daily. Video of these lesions confirm
that one terminal phase and one initial phase S. viride are biting on
live coral tissue repeatedly at the interface of the lesion, returning
at 3-10 minute intervals.

This discrepancy generates some interesting questions that require
further study:

1) Are stoplight parrotfish grazing diseased tissue?
2) Are these fish responsible for transmitting a disease?
3) Why have so few people observed such extensive and obvious damage?
Is this a new phenomenon?

It is possible that RWD/parrotfish lesions are not new. Since many
coral reefs are suffering from decline, and more and more interest is
being taken in them, researchers might simply be noticing more damaged
and dying coral. S. viride damage is too obvious to be missed, if you
catch the fish in the act. Algal colonization is a rapid process and
obscures the causes of decline, as Goreau et al. point out. Without
frequent observation, it would be impossible to tell whether this
phenomenon existed in the past simply on the basis of old photographs.
Goreau et al. refer to the same study team we cited that noticed "white
spots" inflicted on Montastraea annularis by S. viride. We are not
suggesting that stoplight parrotfish continuously bite at live coral;
instead, they infrequently take bites on live coral, grazing most often
on algal turf . If approximately 9% of their bites are taken from live
coral, as observed by researchers from University of Groningen,
considering that these fish spend a large part of the day feeding this
would amount to a substantial amount of damage.

Our observations from corals in Bonaire and Puerto Rico indicate that
large terminal phase S. viride are extremely cautious, and easily
disturbed. Initially, we attempted to monitor colonies with signs of
RWD from closer than 2 m; parrotfish approached the colony, but swam off
without biting. While it is crucial to examine a coral up close to
identify signs of disease, it is also imperative to "stand back" and
look at things from several perspectives.

Goreau et al. have erroneously ascribed our YBD and RWD findings as
characteristic of Bonaire; we would like to clarify that the low
incidence of RWD mentioned was from Curaao. We recorded a higher
proportion of RWD in Bonaire. Although we believe the two diseases are
unrelated, we also have observed RWD and YBD on the same colony. As
Goreau et al. point out, there are many disease signs that might be
confused with YBD, including white plague, bleaching, predator damage,
and other factors which may possibly result in overestimates as well as
underestimates. We are aware of work in progress to assemble waterproof
photographic cards with characteristic signs of specific diseases so
more divers will be able to identify them. After studying and
photographing thousands of corals with disease, we feel rigorous
training is necessary before anyone other than coral reef specialists
can collect meaningful, accurate data on coral disease.

Goreau et al. are correct in their analysis that after a coral dies and
is colonized by algae, it is difficult to determine a coral's cause of
death. From our experience, frequent and continual monitoring is
necessary to follow the progression of disease; diseases are plastic,
and their abundance and severity can change rapidly. Without frequent
surveys one cannot definitively attribute the mortality of a coral to a
specific factor.

We are excited to see the GCRA web site, and look forward to
contributing photographs and video footage for public comparison with
other sites in the Caribbean. This type of rapid information sharing is
desperately needed to eliminate confusion and ensure a rapid response to
such newly emerging phenomenon, which are affecting coral reefs today.

Andrew and Robin Bruckner
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
PO Box 908
Lajas, PR 00667

______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 18 15:56:36 1997
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Date: Thu, 18 Sep 97 14:27:29 -0500
Subject: Bleaching
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: strong@nadn.navy.mil
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Our HotSpot Charts indicate SSTs have been exceeding the HotSpot threshold off
Belize and Hondouras for the past week -- beginning Sep 13th. This would
indicate that the potential for bleaching exists in that area of the western
Caribbean.

For those with Netscape animation capability you can view the last 4 months
of twice-weekly HotSpot Charts on our temporary NOAA/NESDIS/ORAD HomePage:

http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad

>From the opening page link to:
 [1] Experimental Products and
 [2] Coral Reef Bleaching

The loop is updated every week.

AE Strong

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 19 08:59:07 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Parrotfish, again
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PARROTFISH AND RWD

FROM: T. Goreau, J. Cervino, K. DeMeyer, I. Nagelkerken, R. Hayes,
G. Smith, M. Goreau

We will be delighted to look at Andy Bruckner's photos, and welcome
>the constructive exchange. We have filmed many parrotfish bites that
>appeared to be on corals, but on direct inspection of the scars, turned out
>to always be on algae patches. RWD is turning the tops of the Montastrea
>annularis heads into algal turf patches, and the parrotfish are
>specializing in them with gusto because these are the major food resource
>available. There is no doubt that they will once in a while nibble at
>coral, but this is common only where there is not enough algae (e.g. in
>oligotrophic reefs in the Pacific and Indian Ocean, Cayman, and Turks and
>Caicos, and until recently, Bonaire). This behaviour is often seasonal
>territorial marking on isolated heads by large males. We have always seen
>the coral to recover afterwards, without spreading necrosis. This is why we
>first evaluated the parrotfish hypothesis at the very start of our work,
>and concluded that it was not the cause of RWD. Nor have we seen them
>attack edges of Colpophyllia natans tissue, although we have repeatedly
>seen them bite algal turf on the dead parts of the colony within a
>centimeter of living remnants. The fact is that we are seeing beautiful
>Colpophyllia heads hundreds of years old vanish in weeks on a large scale,
>and this is certainly new.

In the buckets and aquaria : the RWD was on the tops of annularis before I
placed it in the tank, and some of the depressions I have are more than an
inch. Each ridge and valley on the C. natans is depressed, however it is
important to note that if it were Parrot fish, the fish would leave bite
marks along the valley and ridge. Just think of the ridge and valley eroded
down in size, there is no scraping out of the normal direction of the way
the valley and ridge fall or have been originally formed by the coral. Any
bite or excavation marks by a Parrot fish would disrupt the normal pattern
of the valley and ridgedirection. And on M. annularis the septa and caylex
are not disrupted in direction, just eroded and depressed. It is not
possible that fish could do such damage to miles and miles of coral heads
and not be observed? This would have looked like a massive attack by
schools of fish! All of the Parrot fish scientists completly out rule RWD
the result of Parrot fish grazing. We do see on occasion Parrot fish eat
algae, however not deep excavation. I am marking my corals at the early
stages or shall I say signs of RWD and following the spread.

> Jim Porter and Craig Quirolo, have just found RWD in Florida. They
>report that it was completely unlike anything they had ever seen before,
>and that it had a distribution and appearance which could not possibly have
>been due to parrotfish. The same conclusion has been reached independently
>by more than a dozen researchers around the Caribbean, almost all of whom
>at first sight thought they were seeing the biggest parrotfish bite of
>their lives!
> With regard to distribution we now have photographs, histological
>samples, and microbial cultures from sites all around the Caribbean (St.
>John, Grenada, Tobago, Venezuela, Bonaire, Curacao, Aruba, Colombia,
>Cayman, Mexico, and Florida) with the exception of the central area,
>including Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. This disease is moving so
>rapidly that we urge divers in that area to keep your eyes out for it. We
>are afraid that Puerto Rico and other parts of the Central Caribbean will
>not be far behind the affected sites all around the sides of the Caribbean.
>Once you see it you will have no doubt that it is new. We will pleased to
>have you join the group of researchers who have seen it and are tracking
>it. Our collective inputs will soon be out on the web, at an url to be
>posted here, which will contain photographs and distribution maps of all
>the Caribbean reef diseases.

Any replys send to cnidaria@earthlink.net, Tom is out in the field!

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 19 15:44:32 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: RWD lecture at WHOI
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The Posting For Rapid Wasting Disease in Woods Hole

The U.S. Geological Survey and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution are
co-sponsoring a lecture by James M. Cervino, Marine Biologist from the
Global Coral Reef Alliance in College Point, New York, on Monday,
October 6, 1997, 507 Clark Building, Quissett Campus, at 1:30 p.m.
Cervino, who works with Dr. Thomas Goreau, will discuss "The Impact of
Rapid Wasting Disease on Coral Reefs of the Caribbean."

Mary Ellen Williams
U.S. Geological Survey
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543

For Contact Info e-mail James M. Cervino for the details:
cnidaria@earthklink.net

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Parrotfish, again
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
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PARROTFISH AND RWD

FROM: T. Goreau, J. Cervino, K. DeMeyer, I. Nagelkerken, R. Hayes,
G. Smith, M. Goreau

We will be delighted to look at Andy Bruckner's photos, and welcome
>the constructive exchange. We have filmed many parrotfish bites that
>appeared to be on corals, but on direct inspection of the scars, turned out
>to always be on algae patches. RWD is turning the tops of the Montastrea
>annularis heads into algal turf patches, and the parrotfish are
>specializing in them with gusto because these are the major food resource
>available. There is no doubt that they will once in a while nibble at
>coral, but this is common only where there is not enough algae (e.g. in
>oligotrophic reefs in the Pacific and Indian Ocean, Cayman, and Turks and
>Caicos, and until recently, Bonaire). This behaviour is often seasonal
>territorial marking on isolated heads by large males. We have always seen
>the coral to recover afterwards, without spreading necrosis. This is why we
>first evaluated the parrotfish hypothesis at the very start of our work,
>and concluded that it was not the cause of RWD. Nor have we seen them
>attack edges of Colpophyllia natans tissue, although we have repeatedly
>seen them bite algal turf on the dead parts of the colony within a
>centimeter of living remnants. The fact is that we are seeing beautiful
>Colpophyllia heads hundreds of years old vanish in weeks on a large scale,
>and this is certainly new.

In the buckets and aquaria : the RWD was on the tops of annularis before I
placed it in the tank, and some of the depressions I have are more than an
inch. Each ridge and valley on the C. natans is depressed, however it is
important to note that if it were Parrot fish, the fish would leave bite
marks along the valley and ridge. Just think of the ridge and valley eroded
down in size, there is no scraping out of the normal direction of the way
the valley and ridge fall or have been originally formed by the coral. Any
bite or excavation marks by a Parrot fish would disrupt the normal pattern
of the valley and ridgedirection. And on M. annularis the septa and caylex
are not disrupted in direction, just eroded and depressed. It is not
possible that fish could do such damage to miles and miles of coral heads
and not be observed? This would have looked like a massive attack by
schools of fish! All of the Parrot fish scientists completly out rule RWD
the result of Parrot fish grazing. We do see on occasion Parrot fish eat
algae, however not deep excavation. I am marking my corals at the early
stages or shall I say signs of RWD and following the spread.

> Jim Porter and Craig Quirolo, have just found RWD in Florida. They
>report that it was completely unlike anything they had ever seen before,
>and that it had a distribution and appearance which could not possibly have
>been due to parrotfish. The same conclusion has been reached independently
>by more than a dozen researchers around the Caribbean, almost all of whom
>at first sight thought they were seeing the biggest parrotfish bite of
>their lives!
> With regard to distribution we now have photographs, histological
>samples, and microbial cultures from sites all around the Caribbean (St.
>John, Grenada, Tobago, Venezuela, Bonaire, Curacao, Aruba, Colombia,
>Cayman, Mexico, and Florida) with the exception of the central area,
>including Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. This disease is moving so
>rapidly that we urge divers in that area to keep your eyes out for it. We
>are afraid that Puerto Rico and other parts of the Central Caribbean will
>not be far behind the affected sites all around the sides of the Caribbean.
>Once you see it you will have no doubt that it is new. We will pleased to
>have you join the group of researchers who have seen it and are tracking
>it. Our collective inputs will soon be out on the web, at an url to be
>posted here, which will contain photographs and distribution maps of all
>the Caribbean reef diseases.

Any replys send to cnidaria@earthlink.net, Tom is out in the field!

******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave, College Point NY 11356
Phone/Fax 718-539-8155
*******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 20 14:01:11 1997
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Date: Sat, 20 Sep 1997 12:41:00 +0500 (GMT)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Jaime Garzon <jgarzon@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
Subject: RWD vs Sparisoma
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Dear colleagues:

Regarding RAPID WASTING DISEASE (RWD) vs PARROTFISH GRAZING discussion, I
would like to share my observations and tell you that I think both Goreau et
al. and Bruckners are rigth about the existence of these two agents of coral
mortality.

Since early 1980's I have studied coral reef organisms in the Colombian
Caribbean, and from that time I observed intense coral predation by
Sparisoma viride, especially on large Colpophyllia natans coral heads. I saw
many times big specimens of this parrotfish removing large portions of the
soft upper layer (2-3 cm deep) of living tissue + skeleton of C. natans, as
described by the Bruckners ("... in a band, moving methodically across the
coral"). The recently exposed large skeleton areas were clean white, and
large heads of this coral were totally denuded and superficially eroded
within a couple of weeks.

On the other hand, while evaluating coral reef health of several Colombian
Western Caribbean atolls, we observed RWD since 1994, but it was initially
confused with bleaching. On May-June 1995, I realized that "White Patches"
(as we named it by then) was a different condition. So we obtained separated
data on the incidence and distribution of this new disease only from
Roncador atoll, where it was present only at the lagoonal reefs on about 24%
of Montastraea annularis (sensu stricto) colonies. This coral is probably
the most abundant at this environment there, so the incidence of RWD was
considerable. As has been described by Dr. Goreau and colleagues, RWD is
characterized by leaving white irregular patches without tissue in the coral
surfaces, with a very sharp boundary between the colored living areas and
the white dead areas. Nevertheless, I observed these conspicuous "white
patches" principally near the margins of living portions of the colonies,
and good preserved skeletal surfaces in the recently dead areas.

If both RWD and S. viride are causing similar surface erosion of the
skeleton while attacking living coral surfaces, it is something that needs
to be confirmed and studied in detail. Meanwhile, we have to be very
cautious when trying to assign responsability for recently dead eroded areas
of coral surfaces.

Best regards,

Jaime Garzon-Ferreira
INVEMAR,
Santa Marta, Colombia

Jaime Garzon-Ferreira

Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras - INVEMAR
A.A. 1016, Santa Marta, Colombia (S.America)
Tel. (57-54) 214774 or 214775 or 211380 - Fax (57-54) 211377
E-mail: jgarzon@santamarta.cetcol.net.co

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 20 23:52:32 1997
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Date: Sun, 21 Sep 1997 12:29:31 +0900
From: Ed & Becky <rootmur@twics.com>
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Organization: Rootes/Murdy family
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Subject: Fishes of Chesapeake Bay
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I wish to announce the publication of a new book, Fishes of Chesapeake
Bay.

The Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries form the largest estuary in the
United States. The first new work in nearly 70 years on Chesapeake Bay
fishes, this guide incorporates updated nomenclature, natural histories,
and fisheries information. The book stands as a comprehensive reference
to western Atlantic coastal fishes from southern New England to North
Carolina not only for ichthyologists and aquatic ecologists but also for
fishery managers, Bay enthusiasts, and professional and recreational
fishermen.

Book title: Fishes of Chesapeake Bay
Authors: E.O. Murdy, R.S. Birdsong, and J.A. Musick
Year of Publication: 1997
Publisher: Smithsonian Institution Press
ISBN: 1-56098-638-7
Price: USD 49.95
Orders can be placed by calling the SI Press at 800-782-4612

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 22 20:01:25 1997
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Date: Mon, 22 Sep 1997 16:05:18 -0900
From: afdcd1@UAA.ALASKA.EDU (Dr. David Duffy)
Subject: EL =?iso-8859-1?Q?Ni=F1o?= update # 4, 22 September 1994
To: seabird@uct.ac.za, FISH1IFR@aol.com, marmam@uvvm.uvic.ca,
 birdbycatch@pond.net, ECOLOG-L@umdd.umd.edu, ENVIRONMENT-L@cornell.edu,
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Because of concerns about the growing size of the reports on ENSO 1997, we
have moved it to a homepage:

http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/ENSO.html

which is maintained by Peter J. BRYANT <PJBRYANT@uci.edu>, at the the
Interdisciplinary Minor in Global Sustainability at the University of
California, Irvine.

If you wish to receive the report and do not have access to the Web, please
let me know, as we will continue to send the report directly to those who
request it.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 23 05:00:55 1997
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Date: Tue, 23 Sep 1997 10:51:45 +0200 (W. Europe Daylight Time)
From: Ineke Wesseling <wes@ihe.nl>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: g.e.petrie??
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Sorry to bother all of you.
I am trying desperately to find the e-mail address of G.E.Petrie or
Peterie at the Cayman Islands. Who can help me out?

Thank you very much.

Ineke Wesseling E-mail: wes@ihe.nl
 _________________________ ____ ____ ___________ ______
| I.H.E. - Delft | |_ _||_ _||_ ________| | | Infrastructure
| P.O.Box 3015, 2601 DA | || ||____||__||__ | | Hydraulics
| DELFT, The Netherlands | _||_ _||_ _||__||____ | | Environment
| http://www.ihe.nl | |____||____||___________| |______|
`-------------------------' D E L F T

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 23 10:25:01 1997
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From: HORTA PUGA GUILLERMOJAVIER <horta@servidor.unam.mx>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Requesting Diploria Growth Rates
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Sorry for your time to read this request.

I performing some studies to evaluate the population structure of the
scleractinian coral Diploria spp. in the Veracruz Reef System (off the
Port of Veracruz in the Gulf of Mexico). As long as I know there are two
articles that recorded growth rates for Diploria spp. (Logan and
Tomascik, 1991. Extension growth rates in two coral species from
high-latitude reefs of Bermuda. Coral Reefs 10:155-160. And Shen, Boyle
and Lea, 1987. Cadmium in corals as atracer of upwelling and industrial
fallout. Nature 328:794-796.).

The questions are: Do You know some other information about Diploria
growth rates or population studies?

Thanks in advance for your help.
Please answer directly to me.

Guillermo Horta-Puga

Mailing Address:
INVEMAR, UBIPRO, Iztacala
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
AP 314, Tlalnepantla, Mexico 54000

Voice: +52(5)6231219 Fax: +52(5)6231212, 3905900
E-mail: horta@servidor.unam.mx

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 24 15:25:05 1997
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Date: Wed, 24 Sep 1997 11:49:42 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Aaron Tinker <atinker@u.washington.edu>
Subject: Troubled Waters
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 September, 1997 Scientists Speaking Out for the Sea
(Sorry for any cross-postings)

When scientists speak with one voice, the media, the public and decision
makers pay attention. The time is ripe for scientists to make a public
statement on threats to marine biodiversity and the need for action to
conserve it. A statement was drafted by Marine Conservation Biology
Institute (MCBI) and sent to prominent scientists who offered many
improvements and signed-on. MCBI is now circulating the Troubled Waters
statement for signatures to marine scientists and conservation biologists
(senior scientists and scientists-in-training as well); upon gaining 1000
endorsements, Troubled Waters will be released to the media.

More than 400 endorsements were gathered at the Annual Meeting of the
Society for Conservation Biology in June, and over the past several months
hundreds of additional scientists have joined on from over 33 countries and
territories! It is hoped that this statement will serve as a wake-up
call' for the general public and policy makers, and carry the message that
significant changes are required in how we treat and manage the oceans.
The sooner we can reach our goal the better, as 1998 is the International
Year of the Ocean, offering a unique opportunity to raise awareness for
marine conservation biology issues.

For those who have not had an opportunity to read the statement, please do
so and add your name in support (confirming by e-mail to MCBI Program
Assistant Aaron Tinker is fine; his address is atinker@u.washington.edu).
Please include your NAME, TITLE, and AFFILIATION. Endorsements are
considered as representative of the views of experienced individuals, not
of their affiliated institutions.

A copy of the statement can also be found at MCBI's website:
http://www.mcbi.org
********************************************************************

TROUBLED WATERS: A CALL FOR ACTION
We, the undersigned marine scientists and conservation biologists, call
upon the world's citizens and governments to recognize that the living sea
is in trouble and to take decisive action. We must act quickly to stop
further severe, irreversible damage to the sea's biological diversity and
integrity.

Marine ecosystems are home to many phyla that live nowhere else. As vital
components of our planet's life support systems, they protect shorelines
from flooding, break down wastes, moderate climate and maintain a
breathable atmosphere. Marine species provide a livelihood for millions of
people, food, medicines, raw materials and recreation for billions, and are
intrinsically important.

Life in the world's estuaries, coastal waters, enclosed seas and oceans is
increasingly threatened by: 1) overexploitation of species, 2) physical
alteration of ecosystems, 3) pollution, 4) introduction of alien species,
and 5) global atmospheric change. Scientists have documented the extinction
of marine species, disappearance of ecosystems and loss of resources worth
billions of dollars. Overfishing has eliminated all but a handful of
California's white abalones. Swordfish fisheries have collapsed as more
boats armed with better technology chase ever fewer fish. Northern right
whales have not recovered six decades after their exploitation supposedly
ceased. Steller sea lion populations have dwindled as fishing for their
food has intensified. Cyanide and dynamite fishing are destroying the
world's richest coral reefs. Bottom trawling is scouring continental shelf
seabeds from the poles to the tropics. Mangrove forests are vanishing.
Logging and farming on hillsides are exposing soils to rains that wash silt
into the sea, killing kelps and reef corals. Nutrients from sewage and
toxic chemicals from industry are overnourishing and poisoning estuaries,
coastal waters and enclosed seas. Millions of seabirds have been oiled,
drowned by longlines, and deprived of nesting beaches by development and
nest-robbing cats and rats. Alien species introduced intentionally or as
stowaways in ships' ballast tanks have become dominant species in marine
ecosystems around the world. Reef corals are succumbing to diseases or
undergoing mass bleaching in many places. There is no doubt that the sea's
biological diversity and integrity are in trouble.

To reverse this trend and avert even more widespread harm to marine species
and ecosystems, we urge citizens and governments worldwide to take the
following five steps: 1. Identify and provide effective protection to all
populations of marine species that are significantly depleted or declining,
take all measures necessary to allow their recovery, minimize bycatch, end
all subsidies that encourage overfishing and ensure that use of marine
species is sustainable in perpetuity. 2. Increase the number and
effectiveness of marine protected areas so that 20% of Exclusive Economic
Zones and the High Seas are protected from threats by the Year 2020. 3.
Ameliorate or stop fishing methods that undermine sustainability by harming
the habitats of economically valuable marine species and the species they
use for food and shelter. 4. Stop physical alteration of terrestrial,
freshwater and marine ecosystems that harms the sea, minimize pollution
discharged at sea or entering the sea from the land, curtail introduction
of alien marine species and prevent further atmospheric changes that
threaten marine species and ecosystems. 5. Provide sufficient resources to
encourage natural and social scientists to undertake marine conservation
biology research needed to protect, restore and sustainably use life in the
sea.

Nothing happening on Earth threatens our security more than the destruction
of our living systems. The situation is so serious that leaders and
citizens cannot afford to wait even a decade to make major progress toward
these goals. To maintain, restore and sustainably use the sea's biological
diversity and the essential products and services that it provides, we must
act now.

**end of statement** A few of the over 400 endorsements gathered include:
Jane Lubchenco, Michael Soule, Jim Carlton, Sylvia Earle, Jon Lien, Elliott
Norse, Robert Paine, Winston Ponder, Stephen Palumbi, Carl Safina, Paul
Dayton, Gary Meffe, John Ogden, Jeff McNeely, Victorin Mallet, Judith and
Fred Grassle, George Rabb, Jeff Levinton, Les Watling, Liana and John
McManus, Dee Boersma, Les Kaufman, Bruce Robison, Dennis Murphy, Paul
Ehrlich, Elizabeth Flint, Julia Parrish, Richard Brusca, Don McAllister,
Rod Fujita, Cheryl Ann Butman, Gary Davis, John Terborgh, Ed Bowlby, Joshua
Sladek Nowlis, Michelle Paddack, Callum Roberts, Anson Hines, Chris Glass,
Monte Hummel, JoAnn Burkholder, Andrew Cohen, Jeremy Jackson, Yuvenaly
Zaitsev, Sabine Jessen, Deborah Crouse, Jack Sobel, Robert Spies, Katherine
Ralls, Larry Dill, Judith Weis, Nancy Turner, Peter Auster, Michelle Wood,
Timothy Werner, Stuart Pimm, Bruce Menge, Marjorie Reaka-Kudla, Bruce
Leighty, David Schindler, Jack Williams, Devra Kleiman, Richard Harbison,
Shao Kwang-Tsao, Tundi Agardy and many others.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 25 02:29:25 1997
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Date: 	Thu, 25 Sep 1997 14:27:57 +0800 (HKT)
From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk>
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By the end of August, it was clear that we had achieved one of our twin
goals of raising public awareness about the value of coral reefs. Reef
Check has fired enthusiasm among the public, media, business and
governments in all corners of the globe!! But it was not yet clear
whether all those teams who had pledged to carry out surveys had
actually done so and would send us their data.

As of the close of 23 September, we have received data from well over
200 sites around the world. This is more than double our goal. Reef
Check has been a real success thanks to the hundreds of individuals who
pitched in to help! Together we have proved that a volunteer global reef
monitoring program is not only possible -- it is one of the best ways to
involve the community in coral reef education and conservation. We are
extremely grateful to Reef Check sponsors, and for the thousands of
hours of hard work by our volunteer recreational divers, National and
Regional Coordinators, Team Leaders, Team Scientists, and the Scientific
Advisory Committee.

Reef Check 97 field work ended officially on 31 August and we have been
racing to process the data both for the press conference and for
publication. While Reef Check has been relatively easy to organize by
Internet, the distribution of blank data sheets and collection of
completed data sheets by means of e-mail and FTP has stretched
everyone's ability to mesh gears with modern technology. We, and
especially Suzie and Tai here at HQ, appreciate everyone's patience and
help in accomplishing this task and the data checking that follows.

We are now gearing up for the presentation of summary results to an
international press conference here in Hong Kong at 3:00 pm on Thursday
16 October. We expect to get good coverage by CNNI, BBC, CNBC etc. CNN
also is planning to use the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Reef
Check Team (Ben Haskell et al) for a special segment on "Earth Matters."
We would like to encourage each regional and national organizer to carry
out their own press conference to help disseminate the results
preferably the following day or later in the week. It will be important
to involve the Reef Check Teams and Team Leaders in the Press Conference
to show that "regular" people care about coral reefs, not just
scientists. Note that we will not be in a position to release the full
results for some time (it is the unsnarling that takes time).

Each team is, of course, free to analyze their data as they like,
however, to attain some consistency, we give the following guidelines.
Since this is the first year of Reef Check, obviously there is no way to
compare results with previous years (unless there are similar data
available). For Regional and National Coordinators, bear in mind that
the local press is interested in how your results measure up. This can
be answered by comparing sites within each country or region -- best and
worst, and to discuss what the results mean in relation to what is know
about the area. Reporters will not be interested in lots of obscure
numbers such as the number of large grouper per square meter. One option
is to present total numbers of animals or damage per site and what this
means (especially if it is zero). We will be using very simple descriptive
statistics e.g. percentage of sites where no lobster were recorded,
highest number recorded per site etc. For the press conference we will
not use much of the line transect data.

We will send out our press release "teaser" invitation several days in
advance of our press conference, and then the major release will be
handed out to the press on 16 October and distributed to all sites by
e-mail. The Press Release will give the results that we will present.
The results will allow some simple comparisons to be made among sites.

A quick scan of the available results suggests that the situation is
worse for target species in many areas than expected. The results will
be a wake-up call.

Once again we thank all of you who have made Reef Check 97 an impressive
success in the International Year of the Reef. As soon as the Press
Conference is out of the way, the more detailed scientific analysis will
be submitted for publication. Plans are already being formulated for an
even bigger and better Reef Check 98!

Finally, a hearty thanks to Prof. Robert Ginsburg, who led the way to
Reef Check 97.

As ususal, if you have questions, please contact Suzie at:
<reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk>

--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
tel: (852) 2358-8568 fax: (852) 2358-1582
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/reef.html

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 25 06:37:21 1997
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Date: Thu, 25 Sep 1997 12:34:32 +0200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Michael S. Roy" <Michael.S.Roy@pop.zi.ku.dk>
Subject: Tourist impact on coral
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While visiting the Great Barrier Reef at Cairns recently as a tourist, I
went on a diving trip organised by a local company. Although the diving was
as fantastic as expected (my first time to this reef) I was appalled by the
general level of conservation awareness that this particular tour company
provided its customers. It appears common practice for companies to offer
non divers the opportunity to learn how to dive at the reef. I personally
witnessed groups of beginners falling all over corals through lack of
bouyancy control, breaking and damaging corals as they went.

Our tour guide never once told people to stay away or not to touch the
corals, or not to take home souvenirs (although I never witnessed anybody
doing this).

My question is whether anybody knows the impact tourism has on the Great
Barrier Reef and what is the general policy for conservation of the Reef.
Is it targeted disturbance to small areas or is it small and widespread
disturbance over large areas. Is there any regulation out there at all?

The Government has recently introduced a $2 tax for all tourists which our
tour operator was quite angry at. Where does this money go?

Cheers

Mike

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Michael.S.Roy@pop.zi.ku.dk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 25 10:42:09 1997
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---------------------------- Forwarded with Changes ---------------------------
From: Cindy S Barger at NPS-OP
Date: 9/25/97 6:52AM
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov at Internet
To: "Michael S. Roy" <Michael.S.Roy@pop.zi.ku.dk> at Internet
Subject: Re: Tourist impact on coral
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Mike

 I'm surprised that the company you were with provided such poor
 awareness of reef conservancy. I was also in Cairns as a tourist in
 March and was very impressed by the tour company I used.

 While traveling out to the reef, the company gave a mandatory video
 briefing that reiterated several times the importance of not touching
 the reef and ensuring that you keep a safe distance to compensate for
 wave action while snorkeling or buoyancy problems while diving. The
 dive masters kept a very close eye on the divers (both beginning and
 advanced) to ensure they were not harming the reef. In fact, we had
 some divers that tried to break coral off the reef. The dive masters
 sent them back up to the surface and would not let them dive anymore.

 In addition, when we signed up for the diving excursion (I went for two
 days but the same information was provided to the day-only snorkelers
 and divers), we were encouraged to go to "reef talk". I also found out
 that "Reef Talk" went to all the dive classes as well. "Reef Talk" was
 a educational outreach effort by one of the local marine biologists.
 He promoted it as a presentation to help you identify the corals and
 critters on the reef but the discussion clearly enforced the delicacy
 of the reef and the need to protect it and avoid any direct contact
 with it (including creating too much wave action from your fins). The
 presentation was entertaining as well as educational - which helped
 hold the relatively short attention span of the average tourist.

 I'd be interested to know which company you chose. It's a shame that
 all the tour companies are not making a strong concerted effort to
 protect the resource that provides their livelihood.

 Best..

 Cindy

 ********************************************************

 Cindy S. Barger
 Seattle District
 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
 Regulatory Branch

 e-mail: cindy.s.barger@nps.usace.army.mil

 ______________________________ Reply Separator
 _________________________________
 Subject: Tourist impact on coral
 Author: "Michael S. Roy" <Michael.S.Roy@pop.zi.ku.dk> at Internet
 Date: 9/25/97 6:26 AM

 While visiting the Great Barrier Reef at Cairns recently as a tourist,
 I went on a diving trip organized by a local company. Although the
 diving was as fantastic as expected (my first time to this reef) I was
 appalled by the general level of conservation awareness that this
 particular tour company provided its customers. It appears common
 practice for companies to offer non divers the opportunity to learn
 how to dive at the reef. I personally witnessed groups of beginners
 falling all over corals through lack of bouyancy control, breaking and
 damaging corals as they went.

 Our tour guide never once told people to stay away or not to touch the
 corals, or not to take home souvenirs (although I never witnessed
 anybody doing this).

 My question is whether anybody knows the impact tourism has on the
 Great Barrier Reef and what is the general policy for conservation of
 the Reef. Is it targeted disturbance to small areas or is it small and
 widespread disturbance over large areas. Is there any regulation out
 there at all?

 The Government has recently introduced a $2 tax for all tourists which
 our tour operator was quite angry at. Where does this money go?

 Cheers

 Mike

 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 -------- Michael.S.Roy@pop.zi.ku.dk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 26 00:41:59 1997
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Date: Fri, 26 Sep 1997 11:21:00 +1000
From: Paul Marshall <paul.marshall@jcu.edu.au>
Reply-To: paul.marshall@jcu.edu.au
Organization: CRC Reef
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Information on Effects of Tourism on the Great Barrier Reef........

A large amount of research on issues relating to tourism on the Great
Barrier Reef is being conducted at the various institutes based in
Townsville, Australia (there is also work being done at other Australian
Universities). These institutes include James Cook University,
Australian Institute of Marine Science, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
Authority, and the Cooperative Research Centre for Ecological
Sustainable Development of the Great Barrier Reef (CRC Reef).

To find out about research areas of interest, visit the Web sites of
these various organisations. WWW links for all these organisations can
be found on the Web site of the Australian Coral Reef Society (go to
Coral Reef Links) at:

http://www.tesag.jcu.edu.au/acrs/

A particularly relevant site is that of the CRC Reef, which can be found
at:

http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/~crcreef/

For information relating specifically to efforts in eco-tourism and
environmental interpretation, see the following report:

http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/~crcreef/4news/Exploring/feat12.html

Cheers

Paul Marshall
--
CRC Reef Research Centre
Dept of Tropical Environment Studies
James Cook University of North Queensland
Townsville 4811 QLD Australia
Phone: (077) 81 5253
Email: paul.marshall@jcu.edu.au

Member of the Australian Coral Reef Society
http://www.tesag.jcu.edu.au/acrs

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 26 05:04:13 1997
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From: "JOHNSTON DAVIDSON" <gdjd@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au>
Organization: Tropical Environment Studies
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Subject: ACRS 75th Anniversary
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Dear All,

This year not only marks the International Year of the Reef, but also
the 75th Anniversary of the Australian Coral Reef Society (ACRS), the
oldest organisation in the world concerned with the study and
protection of coral reefs. To commemorate this anniversary, the
Society is holding its annual conference (Oct. 2 - 6) at Heron Island
(southern GBR) where the ACRS founded AustraliaAEs first coral reef
field research station. For those of you who have fond memories of
field work on the GBR and would wish to express best wishes for the
future work of the Society, the email address is -
 ACRS@JCU.EDU.AU.

For those of you who have had particularly memorable experiences
during the course of working on the GBR (including interactions with
the fauna/flora, boating, weather, other scientists, locals,
bureaucracy, etc) weAEd love to hear from you (especially if it
involves some other unnamed but clearly recognisable character from
your scientific peer group!). Observations on interesting behaviour or
interactions of fauna would also be welcome. Remember, a good
proportion of the eerewardAE you feel for spending so much time
researching on coral reefs is reflected in the anecdotes you bring
back from the field and share with a few like-minded individuals.
These rarely make it into international journals.

HereAEs your chance to share with us your personal anecdotes. The
intention is for us to present some of your shorter stories at the
ACRS Conference (if you can do that with such short notice) and to
compile a Web Site eebookletAE of all the responses over the next month.
Our web site address is -
 http://www.tesag.jcu.edu.au/acrs/

Remember, email us at ACRS@JCU.EDU.AU. You can include your story as
an attachment (e.g. Word.doc or *.txt).

For those of you who would like to know more about the ACRS but
have no access to the Internet, youAEll find more information below.
We do encourage an international membership and if you would like to
join the ACRS, follow the instructions on our web site or email us at
the address above.

Thank you.

The Australian Coral Reef Society
Coral Reefs are one of the most complex and poorly understood of
ecosystems. Around the world coral reefs are facing increased
pressures and in many places they are showing signs of significant
degradation. Scientific research on coral reefs is central to the
understanding, management and ultimately the protection of these
unique systems. The ACRS plays a key role by promoting scientific
research on Australian coral reefs. It is a forum for discussion and
information transfer among scientists, management agencies and
reef-based industries that are committed to ecological sustainability.
Because it is not aligned to any vested interests, the Society's views
are sought by government policy makers, conservationists and all those
interested in coral reefs who need impartial and expert advice. The
Society invests in the future by providing financial assistance for
Australian post-graduate students.

The history of the ACRS
The Australian Coral Reef Society is the oldest organisation in the
world concerned with the study and protection of coral reefs, and it
has played a significant role in the nation's history. The society
evolved from the Great Barrier Reef Committee, founded in 1922 to
promote research and conservation on the Great Barrier Reef. The
committee facilitated the historic 1928-1929 Great Barrier Reef
Expedition and it founded, then managed, the Heron Island Research
Station - Australia's first coral reef field research station. The
ACRS has played a prominent role in bringing major conservation issues
to the attention of governments and the general public, notably the
crown-of-thorn starfish outbreaks and the Royal Commission into oil
drilling on the Great Barrier Reef which was the catalyst for the
establishment of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. While
the Society has historically concentrated on the Great Barrier Reef,
its focus has expanded to include all coral reefs in Australian
waters, particularly in Western Australia. In changing times, and with
the introduction of the concept of ecologically sustainable
development, the Society encourages members of management and
commercial/industrial communities to join academic researchers in
contributing to the scientific knowledge of coral reefs.

***************************************************
Johnston Davidson
Dept. Tropical Environmental Studies and Geography
James Cook University
Townsville, QLD 4811
Telephone: 61 77 814325
Fax: 61 77 814020
E-mail: Johnston.Davidson@jcu.edu.au
 or Gdjd@cathar.tesag.jcu.edu.au "Johnston Davidson"

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Date: 26 Sep 1997 09:34:16 -0400
From: Ron Hill <Ron.Hill@noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Return requested)
Subject: Re: RWD vs Sparisoma
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 Colleagues,

 I would also like to add some of my own observations into this complex
 problem (debate) although I have just joined the list-server in the
 last few days and have not been able to follow the entire debate thus
 far. While in Puerto Rico (over the last 3-4 years), I also witnessed
 the chewing of corals by parrotfish (S. viride), as discussed by Jaime
 Garzon-Ferriera from Columbia. Although the most common occurences I
 noted were in the shallow forereef crest and the coral species was
 Acropora palmata. The parrotfish chewed a horizontal strip along the
 edge of the "branch" about 2-3 cm deep into the skeleton, 5 cm across,
 and often the entire length of the branch (maybe 50 cm long) on
 horizontal branches. Another graduate student at UPR told me that
 this was caused by parrotfish when I initially saw it. I argued with
 him for more than 6 months, thinking he was sadly mistaken, until I
 saw it happening myself.

 I understand that RWD was seen to continue to eat away at the corals
 after they had been transferred to buckets, was there any evidence
 that this disease could infect either healthy or physically damaged
 corals in the bucket, or could spread to healthy areas of the infected
 coral (by jumping over heathy tissue)? Is there a change in pH under
 the diseased area, by any chance? This is not uncommon under biofilms
 in pipelines where the local environment is set up and protected by
 the biofilm or mucus of bacteria even in very fast flowing systems.

 Keep up the flow,

 Ron Hill (recently of UPR-Mayaguez)
 Sea Grant Fellow
 National Marine Fisheries Service
 Office of Habitat Conservation

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Sep 28 19:51:12 1997
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Date: Sun, 28 Sep 97 15:39:12 PDT
From: "[chona sister]" <sister@scf-fs.usc.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: looking for Dr. Rogers' e-mail
Message-ID: <CMM.0.90.4.875486352.sister@aludra.usc.edu>
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Hi! Does anybody have Dr. Caroline S. Rogers' e-mail address? I do have her
mailing address, but haven't found her e-mail. If you have it, can you
possibly forward the address to sister@scf.usc.edu?

Thanks very much!

chona

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 29 08:12:41 1997
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Date: Mon, 29 Sep 1997 13:16:18 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Full reference required.....
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Dear CORAL-LIST'ers,

Does anybody have the full reference for the partial one I have below:

PEARSON, R.G. 1981. Recovery and recolonization of coral reefs.
Marine Ecology Progress Series **.

Any information will be greatly appreciated.

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 29 11:51:30 1997
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From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Attn: Message for Dr A. KUSHMARO.....
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Dear Dr Kushmaro,

I would like to obtain reprints/copies of the following of your papers:

KUSHMARO, A.; LOYA, Y.; FINE, M. & ROSENBERG, E. 1996.
Bacterial infection and coral bleaching.
Nature 380: 396.

KUSHMARO, A., ROSENBERG, E.; FINE, M. & LOYA, Y. 1997.
Bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio Ak-1.
Marine Ecology Progress Series 147: 159-165.

In addition, if you have any other such papers - dealing with infections of
corals - I would like to request copies of those papers too.

I look forward to hearing from you

Sincerely,

Jan Korrubel

Department of Applied Mathematics
University of Natal
Private Bag X01
3209 Scottsville
Pietermaritzburg
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 30 01:24:13 1997
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Date: Tue, 30 Sep 1997 00:06:23 -0400
From: "Anthony J. Hooten" <Environmental_Services@compuserve.com>
Subject: Coral Reef Conference Oct 9-11, Washington, D.C.
To: "(unknown)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Dear Coral Listers:

The Environment Family of the World Bank, in cooperation with International
Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), the International
Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI), the Smithsonian Institution, the World
Conservation Union (IUCN), and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
(GBRMPA) will hold a three day Conference on coral reefs associated with
the Fifth Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally and Socially
Sustainable Development, and the 1997 International Year of the Reef. The
Conference is dedicated to the memory of Captain Jacques Yves Cousteau,
and will be held at the World Bank Headquarters in Washington, D.C. on
October 9, 10 and 11, 1997. An exhibit accompanying the conference will
take place in the Main Complex Atrium and will be on display October 6. It
will include videos and interactive computer models, photographs
exemplifying sustainable and non-sustainable use of coral reef ecosystems.
The World Bank will publish the proceedings of the Conference and may also
organize a press Conference to discuss the Conference conclusions and
recommendations.

The goal of the Conference is to apprise World Bank staff, other
development professionals, environmental journalists, and the general
public of key issues associated with coral reefs, their degradation,
sustainable use options, and conservation. The Conference will provide a
framework for discussion of follow-up actions in areas such as sustainable
marine enterprise, consumer education and marketing, policy and regulatory
frameworks, and examine regional and local strategies to combat coral reef
degradation. The Conference will also provide a forum to help set an agenda
for the International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium
(ITMEMS), a quadrennial event to be launched in Australia in 1998.

The Conference is structured around plenary and working group sessions. The
working groups will focus on the themes discussed in the plenary sessions,
taking into account regional priorities identified in earlier ICRI Regional
Workshops. In the plenary sessions, participants will focus on the
following selected themes:

 1. Reef Destructive Practices (e.g., dynamite and cyanide fishing;
coral mining), vs. Opportunities for Sustainable Reef-based Mariculture
(e.g., sustainable production in situ, community-based production) and
Low-Impact Extraction (alternative fishing methods/product substitution)

 2. Illegal and Unsustainable Trade in Reef Products (e.g., in the
live food fish, aquarium and ornamentals trade) vs. Certified Trade and
Sustainable Bioprospecting

 3. Marine Protected Areas (especially when underrepresented and
inadequately managed) vs. Self-financed Marine Management Areas (e.g.,
through sustainable marine eco-tourism, fisheries stock enhancement, and
options for income-generating activities)

 4. Marine Information Management and Environmental Education (for
example, the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, Reef Check and
electronic databases such as ReefBase, FishBase, CoralBase; role of the
civil society in information dissemination and public awareness)

 5. Economic Valuation of Coral Reefs (this session will provide an
overview of analytical tools for strategic decision-making, such as
application of cost-benefit analysis and valuation methods for coral reefs)

Recognized scientists and practitioners from the field will present
overview papers introducing each of the themes. Speakers, panelists and
invitees come from a wide range of interest groups to ensure as broad a
coverage of the issues as possible.

Public participation is welcome; however, registration is required. You
can register for this conference on-line at
http://www-esd.worldbank.org/coralreef97/registration.shtml.

For more information on the Conference, including the Conference Agenda and
list of invited panelists, please refer to:

http://www-esd.worldbank.org/coralreef97/home.shtml

Questions can be e-mailed to Marea Hatziolos at Mhatziolos@Worldbank.org,
Martin Fodor at MFodor@Worldbank.org or Andy Hooten at either
AHooten@Worldbank.org or Environmental_Services@Compuserve.com.

Andy Hooten
AJH, Environmental Services
4005 Glenridge Street
Kensington, MD 20895-3708
301-942-8839 (V/F)
Environmental_Services@Compuserve.com.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 30 02:55:16 1997
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Date: Tue, 30 Sep 1997 12:50:29 +0700
From: Gayatri Lilley <GLilley@wwfnet.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: potential effects of post-forest fires on marine life,
	particularly coral reefs
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Dear all,
I presume many people have heard about the national disaster of forest
fires in Indonesia. We are currently trying to compile information on
various topics concerning the effects of forest fires such as fire effects
on wildlife and ecosystem processes.

We believe that the effects will not just stop after the fires have been
eliminated. When the rainy season starts we know that the excessive
runoff and the erosion will definitely effect the marine life.

I would like to gather statements, opinions, thoughts, similar disaster
elsewhere as many as possible about the potential effects of the post-
forest fires on the marine life and costal habitat, especially on coral
reefs, mangroves, and sea grass community. These statements,
thoughts, or suggestions, will be very useful for us/me in WWF Indonesia
in order to provide the government for the prevention actions.
Many thanks for all your help

Gayatri Lilley
Marine Conservation Coordinator
e-mail : Glilley@wwfnet.org

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 1 17:05:12 1997
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Date: Wed, 1 Oct 1997 14:49:26 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Andrew Baker <abaker@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Coral bleaching in Panama
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CORAL BLEACHING OFF THE PACIFIC COAST OF PANAMA

Significant coral bleaching was observed on 17 September 1997 at Uva Island
in the Gulf of Chiriqui, Pacific Panama. All zooxanthellate scleractinian
coral species were affected, at all depths (no corals present >20 m). The
most severely bleached (completely white) colonies still had extended
polyps and no signs of algal overgrowth, suggesting the event occurred
relatively recently. Most colonies of the hydrocoral Millepora intricata
(the only common species of the genus remaining after the 1982-83 ENSO)
were already dead and covered with a thin algal film, suggesting they may
have bleached earlier than the scleractinians.

Andrew Baker
Juan Mat
Peter Glynn

Andrew Baker
Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami, FL 33149
USA

Tel: (305) 361 4145
Fax: (305) 361 4600
Email: abaker@rsmas.miami.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 2 11:45:20 1997
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Date: Thu, 02 Oct 1997 16:13:39 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Looking for volume.....
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Hi Coral-Listers,

I am looking for someone who has a copy of the following volume:

J.A. Couch and J.W. Fournie (1993)
Pathobiology of Marine and Estuarine Organisms.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida

to please get in touch with me. I am looking for some info out of this
volume and after placing a request with the library here, they came up
empty handed.

Thanks in advance,

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 3 22:17:59 1997
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From: "Lucy Bunkley Williams" <lucy.biologia@darwin.upr.clu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Fri, 3 Oct 1997 17:55:50 +0000
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Subject: Coral Reef Fish Kills
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	Mortalities of coral reef fishes have been occurring in south
Florida and the Gulf of Mexico. We recently learned of kills at
Abaco, Bahamas, and St. Thomas, USVI. We are attempting to obtain
more information about these kills. We have contacted biologists in
the USVI, and labs in the Bahamas. Any information or suggestions
for contacts would be welcomed.

Bert

Ernest H. Williams, Jr.
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
P.O. Box 908
Lajas, PR 00667-0908

phone (787) 899-2048 x 264
FAX 787-899-2630
home phone (787) 892-1746

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 4 17:24:40 1997
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From: hannah stewart <hls46504@email.csun.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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hello. I am a graduate student at California State University, Northridge
and preparing a presentation on the diseases of coral. I am wondering if
you have an updated list of the new coral disease outbreaks that are
ravaging our oceans, as erported ion the New York Times, in August.
This would be a very valuable and current addition to my presentation and
important subject matter to expose to fellow marine biology graduate
students.
Thank you very much,
Hannah Sivertson

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 4 22:14:47 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Epizootic Seminar at WHOI
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Dear Coral Listers,

Just a note to remind people who are interested in epizootics in corals
that a complete lecture, video, and slide show of all the coral diseases in
the tropics, including the latest discovery, will be held at WHOI Quisset
Campus at 1:30 pm on Monday Oct. 6th.

The emphasis will be on Rapid Wasting Disease and Yellow Band (Blotch). An
overview of all the earlier coral diseases and the scientists who are
working on them, will be presented. A special showing of slides of the NEW
Porites Ring Disease from the Pacific, discovered by Laurie Ramundo of
Cornell University will be presented.

Any Questions, e-mail cnidaria@earthlink.net

*******************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point, NY 11356
phone/fax (718) 539-8155
********************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 6 16:25:32 1997
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Date: 6 Oct 1997 15:30:14 U
From: "Heather Benway" <benway@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: website announcement
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Announcing an educational website on coral paleoclimatology, which addresses
the importance of corals as recorders of climate history. See how coral cores
are collected, view data from various coral reefs around the world, and learn
how corals actually increase our understanding of past and present climate
variability.

Visit http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/coral_paleo.html for details!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Heather Benway
NOAA Office of Global Programs
1100 Wayne Avenue, Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD 20910
Voice: 301-427-2089 x504
Fax: 301-427-2082
E-mail: benway@ogp.noaa.gov
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 7 11:31:05 1997
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From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Spearfishing......
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Dear Coral-Listers,

With the sudden awareness of reefs and, of course, fishing their fishes,
I was wondering if anybody has (or knows of) any papers that
reference spearfishing or details exploitation by spearfishing.

If so, please could you send me either a reprint/copy of the paper or the
reference.

TIA,

Jan Korrubel

Dept. of Applied Mathematics
University of Natal
Private Bag X01
32099 Scottsville
Pietermaritzburg
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 7 15:09:41 1997
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Date: Tue, 7 Oct 1997 14:27:42 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: ZONE MONITORING PRESS RELEASE (fwd)
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NATIONAL OCEAN SERVICE
SANCTUARIES & RESERVES DIVISION
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
CONTACT:	Alyson Simmons
		(305) 292-0311

Sanctuary Zones to be Monitored for Effectiveness

KEY WEST -- The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, through the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has awarded a grant of $200,000
for the first year of an anticipated 5-year program to the Florida
Institute of Oceanography (FIO) to coordinate an inter-disciplinary
group of university investigators in a coral reef monitoring and research
program in the protected areas of the Sanctuary.

The program is part of a larger effort to determine the effectiveness of
the newly established no-take zones in protecting marine biodiversity.
The program will study the coral reefs of the 9 square mile Western Sambos
Ecological Reserve off Boca Chica near Key West and several other smaller
protected areas in comparison with other coral reefs open to commercial
and recreational fishing, marine life collecting, and other uses.
Sanctuary Superintendent, Billy Causey, said: "Marine "no-take" reserves
have attracted world- wide attention as potentially useful tools for
managers to sustain fisheries and the health of coastal areas. We have an
unprecedented opportunity in the Keys to study how they work."

	The team, led by John Ogden director of the FIO, a consortium of
Florida's universities, will begin the monitoring program in October with
a survey of potential sites inside and outside of the protected areas.
They will be supported in the field by the personnel, vessels, and diving
facilities of the National Undersea Research Program of the University of
North Carolina Wilmington in Key Largo and by staff and vessels of the
Sanctuary and the FIO.

	Once locations are selected for intensive study, the program will
use a variety of techniques to assess similarities and differences between the
reefs of protected areas compared with those outside. "Our hypothesis, based
on work elsewhere in the world, is that we will see increases in the numbers
and size of principal reef animals and plants within the protected areas
within three to five years," Ogden said.

	Richard Aronson of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab in Alabama is in charge
of the scientific program and will use underwater video, analyzed by
state-of-the-art computer techniques to catalog the number, size, and area
coverage of corals and other prominent reef organisms including sponges,
sea whips, and sea fans. "The videotapes will form a permanent record of
change inside and outside of the protected areas and can be searched at
any time if, for example, a particular organism is of interest," Aronson
said. Robbie Smith of the Bermuda Biological Station for Research will
use precision photography to study the growth and mortality of juvenile
corals which settle as larvae from the plankton. Margaret Miller of the
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences of the University of
Miami will study the algae inside and outside of the protected areas. "As
marine plants grow rapidly, we expect that the algae may be the first
organisms to respond to the changes induced by the "no-take" regulations,"
Miller said.

	The team will pay special attention to smaller reef organisms such
as shrimp, mollusks and other invertebrates that are specially targeted by
collectors and tourists. Other related monitoring programs will study the
larger organisms of the Keys reefs including conchs and commercially
harvested fishes and lobsters.

	"The Western Sambos Ecological Reserve is unique in the U.S. as the
only large "no-take" zone within a much larger area zoned for multiple
uses," Causey said. It serves as a reference area to gauge the impact of
human uses on the coral reef, a potential source area for larvae and adults
to replenish other areas of the Sanctuary, and as an economically
important area for tourism and regulated recreational diving and
snorkeling. "Using the leverage provided by the monitoring program
support, we hope to raise funds in the immediate future from private
sources for studies on the replenishment function of marine
reserves and on their impact on the local economy," said Ogden.
###

For further information contact:

John C. Ogden, Director
 or
Sandra L. Vargo, Assistant Director
Florida Institute of Oceanography
830 First Street South
St. Petersburg, Florida 33704

Tel: 813-553-1100
Fax: 813-553-1109

 OR

Billy Causey, Sanctuary Superintendent
 or
Ben Haskell, Science Coordinator
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
P.O. Box 500368
Marathon, Florida 33050

Tel: 305-743-2437
Fax: 305-743-2357

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 8 16:37:56 1997
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Date: Wed, 8 Oct 1997 15:16:05 -0400
From: Simon Wilson <106422.2221@compuserve.com>
Subject: Impacts of Colloidal Chalk
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Dear Coral People

Dredging works on a fossil reef in Oman have hit a deposit of what the
geotechnical engineers are calling 'colloidal chalk'. The site is in about
6m of water and only a few meters from the surface of the substrate, in an
area with some important Acropora dominated reefs. About 8km away is
another area of pristeen monospecific reef composed of Pocillopora
damicornis.

I have two questions:

Firstly, is anyone away of the impacts of fine chalky sediment on corals or
any references in the literature which may shed light on the potential
impacts, and secondly, does anyone know how such deposits are formed so
that it may be possible to predict if there are more deposits in the area ?

Thanking you for your time to reply in advance.

Simon Wilson & Robert Baldwin
e-mail 106422.2221@compuserve.com or wosoman@gto.net.om

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 10 18:57:49 1997
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Date: Fri, 10 Oct 1997 16:35:00 +0500 (GMT)
From: "Fernando A. Zapata Rivera" <fazr@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Bleaching in the TEP
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CORAL BLEACHING IN THE TROPICAL EASTERN PACIFIC

	Regarding the recent report on coral bleaching in the Pacific
coast of Panama made recently in this list by Baker, Mat, and Glynn, I
would like to share my own observations from the Pacific coast of
Colombia.

	During the course of ongoing studies on coral reefs of Gorgona
Island (2 58 N, 78 10 W) being carried out by two teams from Universidad
del Valle, I have made three visits to the island between May 24 and
September 16, 1997. During the first visit (May 24-29), I made extensive,
albeit non-quantitative, observations on coral cover and "health" at six
different reef sites around the island, and did not observe any signs of
significant or widespread coral bleaching. However, my colleague Jaime
Cantera did call my attention to the whitened, most distal portion of
branches of some patches of Pocillopora sp., which he interpreted as
coral bleaching (the lower portion of colonies had normal coloration). To
me this was not different to the usual whitened branch tips normally seen
in the Pocillopora capitata species "complex". On the other hand, I did
observed a very small number of partially to completely bleached colonies
of Pocillopora sp., but these were always unattached, large fragments and
seemed to have suffered from some unknown physical disturbance. Thus, I
did not attribute this bleaching to sea water warming. Sea surface
temperature remained constant throughout our visit at 29 degrees celsius.

	During the second visit (July 27-August 1) I made observations at
four sites and only in the two largest reefs I saw some signs of
bleaching. These were similar to the bleaching observed during the first
visit, except that the number of large, unattached fragments of
Pocillopora sp. that were bleached was more noticeable (i.e., it appears
that the number of bleached fragments had increased). I also found one
small (15 cm diameter), unattached colony of Pavona varians completely
bleached, without live tissue, and with beginning algal overgrowth. At
that time it again seemed to me that these cases of bleaching could not be
attributable to sea warming. Occasional SST measurements made revealed
that water temperature was 29 degrees.

	During the last visit (September 10-16) it became apparent that a
bleaching episode was on its way based on observations at the two major
reefs of Gorgona. The bleaching at the branch tips of Pocillopora sp. was
now more obvious, extending downward about 2 cm from the tip, and patches
with this type of bleaching at the tips were encountered frequently. These
patches appear to be monospecific judging from colony morphology and
coloration, and were surrounded by high cover of other, normal looking
Pocilloporids, suggesting that some species of Pocillopora are more
susceptible than others to bleaching. I believe that bleaching at the tips
of branches was not caused by aerial exposure during extreme low tides
(which causes similar bleaching) since it was observed in both shallow and
deeper sites on the reef, and some normal-looking patches were located
next to and at the same depth as bleached patches. No algal growth was yet
apparent at the bleached tips of branches on any of these coral patches.
Additionally, partial bleaching was now readily seen on species of massive
corals (large Pavona gigantea, and P. clavus). Some colonies had up to 30%
of their surface bleached. Nonetheless, the extent of coral bleaching at
the scale of an entire reef was clearly low, although it was not
quantified. Water temperature measurements made varied between 28 and 29.5
degrees.

	The main point I would like to make is that there appears to be a
trend towards increased bleaching with time as SST is maintained
abnormally high. According to Dr. Alan Strong's "Hotspots maps" (see
http://wesley.wwb.noaa.gov/eileen/orad/const1.html), SST at Gorgona was at
least 2.5 degrees celsius above the norm on the week of August 11, 1997.
Whether this trend continues at Gorgona remains to be seen, but it is
interesting that significant bleaching is already being reported elsewhere
in the tropical eastern Pacific.

Fernando Zapata
==============================================================================
Fernando A. Zapata		 Ph.: (92) 339-3243
Departamento de Biologia	 Fax.: (92) 339-2440
Universidad del Valle International (+57-2)seven-digit number
Apartado Aereo 25360 E-Mail:fazr@biologia.univalle.edu.co
Cali, Colombia
==============================================================================

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 13 15:12:43 1997
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From: khancock@sas.upenn.edu (Kathy M Hancock)
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Subject: spawning
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Date: Mon, 13 Oct 1997 14:13:55 -0400 (EDT)
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I would appreciate information and/or literature citations on rearing
corals in the laboratory and particularly sexual reproduction in the
lab. I'm doing field and lab experiments involving coral reproduction
for doctoral dissertation research.

Thanks,
Kathy Hancock

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 13 15:35:54 1997
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Date: Mon, 13 Oct 1997 14:01:20 -0500 (CDT)
From: Kenyon Brice Mobley <kmobley@tiger.lsuiss.ocs.lsu.edu>
To: coral reef <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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I am a recent graduate of Louisiana State University's Zoology Program and
plan to continue studing coral reef ecology and reef fishes in graduate
school this upcoming fall. I am currently looking for a field
biologist/lab technician position and am willing to work both in and out
of the United States. I have experience as a lab technician, and have
worked with both the National Undersea Research Center/University of North
Carolina at Wilmington and the National Marine Sanctuary in Key Largo, FL.
If anyone has information on upcoming available positions, please feel
free to contact me at home, 2614 Zeeland Ave., Baton Rouge, LA 70808,
(504) 343-9451, or at LSU during the day (504) 388-1738 (LSU Dept. of
Biology, 202 LSB, Baton Rouge, 70803).
Thank you for your attention.
Kenyon Mobley

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 13 17:18:54 1997
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From: PEREGRINA OROPEZA KARLA estudiante <karlapo@servidor.unam.mx>
To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Molecular evolutionary genetics in corals
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 	Does anybody have information about Molecular Evolutionary Genetics
in corals? I haven't been able to find much information about this topic.

I will appreciate any help you can provide.

Please, reply directly to me.

Karla Peregrina Oropeza,
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM),
Mexico, D. F.

e-mail adress:
karlapo@servidor.unam.mx

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 14 18:33:45 1997
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From: "Christy Pattengill" <pattengill@mailexcite.com>
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For the past four years I have been studying the coral reef fishes of the East and
West Flower Garden Banks and Stetson Bank in the northwest Gulf of Mexico, USA.
These are relatively small reefs (high diversity zones are 0.95 sqr km, 0.36 sqr
km and 0.004 sqr km, respectively) and they are fairly isolated from other tropical
reef areas (the closest being 700 km to the South - Cabo Rojo, Mexico). Fish diversity
is considerably less than in other areas of the tropical western Atlantic but we
have documented at least 170 reef fish species from the three banks.

When I began my study we noticed a few smooth trunkfish, Lactophyrs triqueter, that
were bright gold in coloration. The overall markings are the same. There appears
to be no correlation to behavior, sexual identity, or maturation. The color appears
permanent. Often we will see the golden phase swimming with a normal color phase,
but just as frequent the golden morph is observed by itself. I estimate that about
15% of the L. triqueter we see are golden.

We collected a specimen and it keys out as L. triqueter. I am wondering if anyone
out there has insight into this phenomenon? In addition, if anyone has seen this
coloration in L. triqueter elsewhere, please let me know.

Any insight would be greatly appreciated.
Sincerely,

Christy Pattengill
Texas A&M University/Dept. of Biology
College Station, TX 77843-3258
Pattengill@mailexcite.com

Free web-based email, Forever, From anywhere!
http://www.mailexcite.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 14 21:14:52 1997
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From: "Crisostomo, Alfredo P." <apcrisos@napocor.com.ph>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov (coral-list)
Subject: FW: book inquiry
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I would like to request information regarding where I could obtain a copy of
"Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific" by J.E.N. Veron (1986).

Thanks.

A.P. Crisostomo
Chief Biologist
NPC-EMD
apcrisos@napocor.com.ph

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 14 22:10:59 1997
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To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us, mangrove@essun1.murdoch.edu.au,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kerry B Clark <kclark@iu.net>
Subject: Correct URL for Benthic Ecology Meetings
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 The correct URL/Website address for the 1998 Benthic Ecology Meetings at
Florida Tech, Melbourne, is:

"http://www.fit.edu/AcadRes/biology/benthic/ ".

A typo in an earlier listing will give a missing page error. Sorry for any
problems and cross-postings.

- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, F.A.A.A.S., Professor of Biological Sciences
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-768-8000 x8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://www.metazoa.com"
"Bytes of Nature," publisher of quality natural history software

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 14 23:35:08 1997
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Date: Tue, 14 Oct 1997 19:44:17 -0700 (PDT)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: FW: book inquiry
To: "Crisostomo, Alfredo P." <apcrisos@napocor.com.ph>
cc: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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On Wed, 15 Oct 1997, Crisostomo, Alfredo P. wrote:

>
>
> I would like to request information regarding where I could obtain a copy of
> "Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific" by J.E.N. Veron (1986).

You can purchase the book through a company called "Two Little Fishies"

I'm not sure if I can remember their web address or not, but they will
pop up if you do an infoseek search. They also have an 800 number for
orders, so you can locat them through the 800 number directory as well.

Craig

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 15 06:31:13 1997
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From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk>
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Please note...

REEF CHECK HAS A NEW WEB SITE ADDRESS

http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html

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From: dydt <dydt@durian.usc.edu.ph>
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Date: Wed, 15 Oct 1997 20:02:12 +-800
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------ =_NextPart_000_01BCD9A5.3E20CEE0
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15 October 1997

Dear Coral-listers,

Greetings. I would appreciate any information on the email addresses of =
the following persons: Drs. John Stimson, Scott Larned and Marlin =
Atkinson. Please directly respond to my email address. Thank you very =
much. Cheers to all.

Danilo T. Dy (dydt)
Marine Biology Section
University of San Carlos
Cebu City 6000
Philippines

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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 15 09:23:42 1997
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Message-ID: <n1335217890.96484@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 15 Oct 1997 08:35:38 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: FW- book inquiry
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
 "Crisostomo, Alfredo P." <apcrisos@napocor.com.ph>
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 Reply to: RE>FW: book inquiry

You can get it (along with just about any other book in print) from Amazon.com
on the internet. They are at http://www.amazon.com. Listing follows:

Corals in Space and Time : The Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia
by J.E.N. Veron
List: $37.50
Our Price: $37.50

Availability: On Order; usually ships within 1-2 weeks.

Paperback
Published by Cornell Univ Pr
Publication date: May 1995
ISBN: 0801482631
Shipping is extra and depends on the service desired.

Cheers, Mark

--------------------------------------
Date: 10/14/97 9:21 PM
To: Mark Eakin
From: Crisostomo, Alfredo P.

I would like to request information regarding where I could obtain a copy of
"Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific" by J.E.N. Veron (1986).

Thanks.

A.P. Crisostomo
Chief Biologist
NPC-EMD
apcrisos@napocor.com.ph

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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 16 07:50:02 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: James Powell <jpowell@btl.net>
Subject: Crabs
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 1997 09:05:05 -0500
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The following is a message and questions that I received concerning land and
hermit crabs. Can anyone answer these questions or point me in the direction
of an authority that I might contact?

Thank you,
James Powell
Director
Glovers Reef Marine Research Station
Belize

MESSAGE:

I recently visited Half Moon Caye as a guest of the Belize Audubon Society
to advise on the possibility of eradicating rats from that island. Rat
eradication is certainly possible and the benefits would be enormous. There
are, however, a few things that should be learned before an eradication
project can start. Bruce Miller advises me that you may be able to help.

Land crabs (Cardisoma guanhumi) and hermit crabs (Coenobita clypeatus) are
both present on HMC and both present possible problems for rat eradication.
Can you advise me on aspects of the biology of these species?

The land crabs appeared to be present as only one age class - all adults
about 100mm accross the back. What is the life span of this species? When
do they spawn? When do their young come ashore? What size are they at that
time? I presume that these young crabs would be a significant food source
for rats - right or wrong? Where and how often do these crabs change their
shells and how vulnerable would they be to rats at that time?

The hermit crabs were present in all sizes but the relative abundance of
young and old suggests that the young of this species are also preyed on by
rats. What is the life span of this species? When do they spawn? When do
their young come ashore? What size shell are they carrying when they come
ashore? Am I right in presuming that rats could easily eat them at this time?

Regards

Dick Veitch

48 Manse Road
Papakura
New Zealand
Phone 064-9-298 5775

Department of Conservation
Private Bag 68 908
Newton
Auckland
New Zealand
Phone 064 9 307 9279
Fax 064 9 377 2919

James A. Powell
Glovers Reef Marine Research Station
Wildlife Conservation Society
P.O. Box 2310
Belize City, Belize
Tel/Fax 501-233855
Middle Caye: 501-522153
e-mail: jpowell@btl.net

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 16 08:15:03 1997
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Date: Wed, 15 Oct 1997 11:44:38 -0400
To: tsocci@usgcrp.gov
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: October 20th USGCRP Seminar on "The 1997-98 El Nino Forecast: Societal
 	Implications and Opportunities"
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 U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series

 The 1997-98 El Nio Forecast:
 What are the Societal Implications and Opportunities?

What is an El Nio? Why is this El Nio special? What will El Nio mean
in terms of weather in the U.S. and the rest of the world? What will be
happening three-, six-, and nine-months from now? What impacts has this El
Nio had thus far, and what impacts are anticipated? In what ways have El
Nio phenomena historically affected society and the economy? How well are
the models doing in predicting El Nio events? Are the forecasts reliable
enough for regional and local decision-making? Are recent El Nio trends
indicative of a human-induced global warming?

 Public Invited

 Seminar - Monday, October 20, 1997, 3:15-4:45 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

 Press Briefing - Monday, October 20, 1997,1:30-2:30 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room 2168 (Gold Room), Washington, DC

INTRODUCTION

Dr. J. Michael Hall, Director, Office of Global Programs, National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Silver Spring, MD

SPEAKERS

Dr. Ants Leetmaa, Director, Climate Prediction Center, National Weather
Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Camp Springs, MD

Ms. Eileen L. Shea, Executive Director, Center for the Application of
Research on the Environment, Institute of Global Environment and Society,
Inc., Calverton, MD

 OVERVIEW

 El Nio 1997/98, Natural Climate Variability and U.S. Impacts

Natural climate variability occurs on many timescales, but particularly on
interannual to decadal timescales. Some variations seem random; others
seem well-organized. The most well known of the coherent phenomena is the
El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). ENSO involves ocean-atmosphere
interactions centered primarily in the tropical Pacific. When tropical
Pacific sea surface temperatures are warmer than normal this is known as El
Nio; when they are colder than normal, this is the La Nia phenomenon.
Other known modes of natural variability include the North Atlantic
Oscillation (NAO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Over the past
130 years both ENSO and NAO have exhibited interannual and decadal
variability, both in amplitude and frequency of occurrence. Both contribute
to the long-term global land-sea temperature record that is used to
calculate long-term changes in climate. Each of these, as well as the PDO,
also contribute to the seasonal and decadal variations in U.S. temperature
and rainfall.

Fifteen years of research have led to a routine capability to predict El
Nio warm events with skill several seasons in advance. The El Nio
forecasts are then used to forecast anomalous rainfall and temperature
(drought) variations over much of the U.S. and the globe. While warm and
cool events have occurred for centuries, the current 1997/98 El Nio is
growing faster than previously recorded and is forecast to peak at the end
of the year, at that time being comparable in size and intensity to the
1982/83 El Nio, the largest El Nio event in recorded history. For the
next six months much of the southwestern U.S., the central U.S., and the
Gulf Coast are forecast to have above normal rainfall. During the late
fall, winter, and spring of 1982/83, similar conditions caused many regions
of the U.S., including California, Utah, Louisiana, Missouri, and Illinois,
to experience heavy flooding. Globally, during that same period, Southern
Africa, Australia, and Indonesian experienced droughts while coastal areas
of Peru and Ecuador experienced flooding. Some of these same impacts are
already being experienced worldwide in many of the same regions.

The current U.S. forecasts are based on both statistical techniques and
numerical forecasts--both prediction techniques yield the same broad-scale
features. Forecasts from numerical models show the large scale features
expected to occur during El Nio but lack the detailed regional structure,
especially for precipitation. Although there has been considerable decadal
variability in the occurrence of El Nio over the past 100 years, the fact
that there will now be two "one hundred-year" events during the past 15
years as well as one of the strongest La Nia (cool) events (1988-89) of
the century raises obvious questions about whether global warming may be
affecting the ENSO cycle. Presently, although there are scientists that
find signs of this, more research is needed to clarify this issue.

 The El Nio Story: Challenges and Opportunities for Society

 The past two decades are replete with evidence of the significant
economic and social costs associated with unanticipated disruptions in
weather and climate patterns. For example, estimates of global losses
associated with the 1982-1983 El Nio event exceeded $8 billion. Of that
figure, U.S. losses associated with storms in the Mountain and Pacific
states, flooding in the Gulf States, and Hurricane Iwa in Hawaii, were
estimated to have cost $2.5 billion. The 1988 U.S. drought resulted in an
estimated $2-4 billion in direct losses to agricultural producers, with
total losses throughout the economy estimated at greater than $22 billion.
The 1993 Midwest floods were associated with about $15-20 billion in
damages and costs. The 1995 floods in California and the Gulf States
resulted in estimated losses of $7 billion. More recently, significant
damage and losses have resulted from the heavy rains associated with
tropical storms along the west coast, the Gulf of California, and parts of
southern Arizona. Yet these figures alone do not adequately capture the
real measure of human suffering, direct losses, and missed opportunities.

During the past decade it has become increasingly clear that the coupled
ocean-atmosphere weather phenomenon known as the El Nio-Southern
Oscillation (ENSO), plays a dominant role in influencing year-to-year
changes in climatic conditions around the world. Based upon enhanced
understanding of ENSO, scientists have refined their ability to provide
useful predictions on a scale that accommodates local and regional planning
decisions. The capability to understand and predict El Nio phenomena also
presents government officials, industry, and local communities with an
array of opportunities, including: reducing vulnerability to
climate-related natural disasters such as floods and droughts; enhancing
economic competitiveness; supporting public- and private-sector
decision-making for climatically-sensitive regions and sectors; providing
scientific information to support U.S. international treaty negotiations;
and in assessing and maintaining national and international environmental
security.

The forecasts are proving to be very useful. For example, the 1997-98 El
Nio forecast for the United States indicates that Southern California and
the Gulf States will experience wetter than normal conditions during the
fall and winter of 1997-1998. Federal and local emergency preparedness
officials are currently reviewing options available to reduce the human and
economic costs associated with potential flooding conditions. In
California, scientists, forecasters, and emergency management officials
expect the increase in rainfall to be accompanied by an increase in the
number and severity of coastal storms, so planners are also developing
strategies to deal with threats due to coastal erosion as well as flooding.
On the other hand, sports fishing for some deep water species which prefer
warm-water conditions (e.g. tuna and marlin) could produce record income
for this important California industry. Similarly, a shift in the movement
of tuna stocks is expected to produce significant benefits to the tuna
cannery industry in American Samoa.

Higher forecasted temperatures for most of the northern and central regions
of the U.S. provide natural gas and electric utilities with opportunities
to adapt their purchasing, shipment, and storage plans accordingly.
Commodities trading in crops such as wheat, coffee, cocoa and sugar is
already reflecting the predicted impacts of this year's El Nio. While
this year's Atlantic hurricane season witnessed little activity, Hawaii, on
the other hand, is anticipating a more active season for tropical storms
and hurricanes (Hurricanes Iwa and Iniki both struck during years of warmer
than normal ocean temperatures--1982 and 1992, respectively). In addition,
many Pacific island countries are preparing for El Nio-related drought
conditions.

 Biographies

Dr. Ants Leetmaa is currently the Director of the Climate Prediction Center
of the National Weather Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA). During the first half of his professional career,
Dr. Leetmaa was stationed at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological
Laboratories of NOAA in Miami, FL as a field-oriented oceanographer. The
1982/83 El Nio phenomenon, during which he was engaged in on-site
investigations in the eastern Pacific, turned his interests toward the
development of ocean/atmosphere models for the prediction of El Nio. Dr.
Leetmaa obtained his Ph.D. in oceanography from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology in 1969.

Ms. Eileen Shea assumed the Directorship of the Center for the Application
of Research on the Environment (CARE) in June, 1995. CARE's mission is to
promote the application and use of new scientific insights and emerging
climate prediction capabilities, in addressing the practical problems of
sustainable economic development, resource management, and public health
and safety. While on loan from NOAA to the National Academy of Sciences
from 1994 to 1995, Ms. Shea played a crucial role in the establishment of
the National Research Council's Board on Sustainable Development and in
serving to oversee the Board's responsibilities for scientific guidance and
advice to the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP).

>From 1987 to 1990, Ms Shea served as Executive Director of NOAA's Climate
and Global Change Program; and from 1990 to 1994, she served as Deputy
Director of NOAA's Office of Global Programs. In this capacity, she
coordinated NOAA contributions to national and international scientific
programs related to global environmental issues, including the U.S. Global
Change Research Program.

Prior to her work with the U.S. Global Change Research Program, she served
for four years (1983-1987) as the Senior Analyst for oceanic and
atmospheric research programs in the NOAA Office of Budget and Finance, and
five years as a Congressional Affairs Specialist with responsibilities for
NOAA programs related to coastal zone management, ocean minerals and
energy, Law of the Sea, and the National Weather Service (1979-1983). A
native of the Washington, DC area, Ms. Shea earned a Bachelor of Arts and
Sciences (BAAS) degree from the University of Delaware in 1975, and pursued
graduate work in environmental law and marine resource management at the
Virginia Institute of Marine Science (College of William and Mary) from
1975-1979.

 The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, November 5, 1997

Planned Topic: Evidence for A Human-Induced, Enhancement of the Hydrologic
 Cycle: What Does It Mean and Why Be Concerned?

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, 400
Virginia Ave. SW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20024; Telephone: (202)
314-2235; Fax: (202) 488-8681 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

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Reef Check 97 Press Conference
Background Material
October 16, 1997 3:00 pm
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Reef Check '97, the first global survey of human impacts on the world's coral
reefs has been completed as part of the International Year of the Reef, and
the preliminary results are being released today. Organized by HKUST's
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development, the survey involved
over 100 marine scientists and 750 recreational divers who surveyed 300 coral
reefs in 30 countries and territories between 15 June and 31 August 1997. The
project was badly needed, according to Global Coordinator and coral reef
biologist Dr. Gregor Hodgson, "because coral reefs are the rain forests of
the sea. They are one of the world's most valuable natural resources, a
storehouse of billions of dollars worth of genetic material for drugs and an
important factor in coastal protection. They are a tourist attraction for
7 million sport divers and a source of food for several hundred million people.
" Sadly," says Hodgson, since 1990 we have been getting reports from sport
divers of rapidly increasing damage to reefs all over the globe, but
scientific data have been lacking." The few hundred reef scientists in the
world study many different aspects of the reef, at different times and places.
Traditional coral reef science has not kept pace with the spreading effects of
humans on reefs. A new approach was needed to quickly gather comparable data
on human impacts from many reefs at the same time.
The Reef Check approach was to create a global network of regional, national
and local coordination centers, each being responsible for matching up teams
of experienced recreational divers with professional marine scientists. Each
Team Scientist was responsible for training the team divers in use of Reef
Check methods, then leading them on the actual field surveys, checking and
submitting data to headquarters in Hong Kong.
The Reef Check methods differ from those used in traditional ecological
surveys in that they were focused specifically on detecting the effects of
humans on the coral reef ecosystem. The criteria for choosing Reef Check
survey methods were as follows. The methods should:

	be simple enough that experienced divers with a minimum of a high
	school education, could be fully trained in less than one day,
	allow each team to survey one reef per day,
	include a strict quality control system,
	produce results that provide scientifically valid answers to key
	questions about human impacts on coral reefs.

To focus the field methods on human impacts, both worldwide and regional
"indicator species" were chosen based on: 1) their high market value, and
2) ease of identification due to distinctive shape and color e.g. the humphead
wrasse as an Indo-pacific indicator of poison fishing, and the lobster as a
worldwide indicator of shellfish harvesting pressure. In addition to the 20
high-value seafood organisms chosen, other indicators of human impacts were
included such as broken corals (anchor damage) and blooms of fleshy algae
(sewage pollution). A large sample size (800 m2) was selected -- an area
100 m2 larger than a soccer field -- to be surveyed twice, once for shellfish
and once for fish. A third survey along a 100 m line would be used to
determine the condition of the corals themselves. Teams were instructed to
survey reefs which they believed were in relatively untouOCched condition
first.
In October 1996, the Reef Check methods were posted on an Internet listserver
for coral reef scientists run by the US NOAA and professional criticism was
invited. The methods were revised, and in January, and posted on a new website
created for Reef Check. In addition to methods, the website was also loaded
with registration forms, team lists, fund-raising information and even
downloadable photos of target organisms. Regional and national coordinators
were selected and posted, and teams identified. Many teams needed to raise
large sums to cover their travel, hotel and diving expenses. For example, the
German coordinators were successful in obtaining sponsorship for a special Red
Sea expedition that was featured in a TV documentary.
"Aside from the scientific and educational achievements, this project is a
remarkable for two reasons," says Professor Gary Heinke, IESD Director,
"first, the project was run completely by internet, and second, the project
was almost entirely volunteer. From an investment by IESD of a few thousand
dollars in management costs, the project has produced worldwide about
US$2 million worth of invaluable data. We are indebted to the hundreds of
generous sponsors and volunteers who made the surveys possible."
The preliminary results from about 230 sites are being released today because
they reveal such a clear pattern of global damage to coral reefs, particularly
due to overfishing and destructive fishing. A full report will be published
later this year. The results for lobsters, which used to be abundant on reefs
throughout the world, were dismal. None were recorded at 81% of reefs
surveyed. In the Indo-pacific region, out of 179 reefs checked only 25
lobsters were found, and 11 of these were recorded at one reef in an
Indonesian marine reserve. Large grouper are heavily fished throughout the
world, and none were reported at 40% of the study reefs, with small numbers at
most. However, more than 20 large grouper were recorded at two sites in the
remote Maldive Islands, and at three sites in the Red Sea where no poison or
dynamite fishing occurs, giving a hint of what populations used to be like in
other areas. In the Caribbean, the highly prized and previously common Nassau
grouper was found at only 4 of 51 sites, giving a total of 12 fish.
The corals themselves appeared to be in better shape globally than the fish
and shellfish. The mean percentage of living coral cover on reefs was 31%
globally, with the Caribbean recording the lowest value at 22%, possibly
reflecting recent losses due to bleaching and diseases. In the Red Sea, there
was less than half the dead coral (3%), than the other two regions. The ratio
of live to dead coral was highest in the Red Sea, suggesting that these reef
corals are the healthiest in the world.
One apparent bit of good news is that only 7 sites showed greater than 10%
cover of fleshy algae, indicating that nutrient enrichment associated with
sewage pollution was not a problem at most of these "good" sites. Sewage
pollution may be more important at reefs near urban areas which were not
common in this study.
In the Indo-pacific, the humphead wrasse and barramundi cod were once
moderately abundant on reefs, but none were reported at 85% of 179 reefs
surveyed. Of more than 25 km of Indo-pacific reef surveyed in detail, only 26
humphead wrasse were seen. At the 125 Asian and Australian reefs surveyed,
only 5 barramundi cod were recorded. These results suggest that cyanide and
other forms of fishing have severely damaged populations of these once
moderately abundant species. High-value, edible sea cucumbers used to litter
the seabed around many reefs. The three species included in Reef Check were
totally absent from 41% of Indo-pacific reefs surveyed demonstrating the
extent of over-harvesting. An average of 17 giant clams was found on the
Indo-pacific reefs. An indication of what natural populations used to be like
was provided by the 150 to 250 giant clams recorded at several protected sites
in the Red Sea and Australia.
Hong Kong provides an example of coral reefs subjected to almost every form of
disturbance: overfishing, poison and dynamite fishing, pollution and
sedimentation. Out of 11 collectible or edible indicator species only two
(Trochus shells and butterflyfish) were recorded. Several of these
once-abundant species are now effectively extinct in Hong Kong.
In addition to making measurements, each team subjectively assessed the
intensity of human impacts at their sites. Based on this, 45% of the reefs
were rated as being subjected to low or no human impacts. In contrast, the low
numbers of fish and shellfish recorded in the surveys indicate that almost all
sites have been affected by heavy fishing of one or more indicator species.
One reason for this is that many fishing activities occur at night, when sport
divers are not present. In some areas such as the east coast of Borneo, the
reefs had not been previously surveyed, and some scientists previously assumed
that they would still be untouched. But according to the Sarawak Reef Check
team, "99% of the reefs have been damaged by blast fishing."
According to Dr. Hodgson these results are an urgent reminder that "ocean
resources are not limitless." The low numbers of edible and collectible
indicator species is strong evidence that "coral reefs have been plundered on
a global basis." The good news is that results from marine parks with proper
management demonstrate the effectiveness of conservation to allow populations
of indicator species to recover. High numbers of indicator species were
reported from marine protected areas in several countries.

The goal is sustainable use of marine resources. If unsustainable practices
are allowed to continue, populations of coral reef organisms will dwindle,
many seafood items will become even more expensive than the US$100/kilo now
charged, and more fishermen will be forced out of work. International
eco-politics may intrude. Some nations have already begun to impose
environmental regulations on imports through e.g. "green" packaging rules.
Countries whose seafood and fishing industries support cyanide fishing could
find all of their seafood subject to import bans by trading blocs opposed to
unsustainable fishing methods.
The world has reached the stage where it is technologically possible to
monitor and to manage marine resources. Reef Check works well as a rapid
assessment tool, and indicates where additional, more detailed scientific
studies are needed. Repeated annual surveys will be useful to determine if
management practices are working, and populations of indicator species are
recovering. An annual "State of the World's Reefs" report is needed, based on
both Reef Check and more detailed studies.
The solutions to the problems affecting coral reefs are well-known and include
tighter control of fishing through traditional as well as newer methods
e.g. international satellite monitoring of fishing boat movements. Reef Check
results clearly show the necessity to increase the number and size of marine
protected areas and to improve their management so that they can serve as
"seedbeds" for the surrounding areas. In addition, more research and testing
is needed on aquaculture of high-value reef species to meet the growing demand
for seafood and other products that coral reefs will never be able to supply.
And just as education and legislation were used to reduce the ivory trade, a
similar effort is needed to reduce demand for cyanide-caught live fish,
particularly large animals that have a high value for dive tourism and that
contribute greatly to reproduction. Public education is needed in S.E. Asia to
teach people why it is not "cool" to eat reef fish larger than a dinner plate.
Funding agencies, political leaders and natural resource managers need to
focus on implementing these solutions now so that we will all have plenty of
reef fish and lobster to eat in the future.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 16 08:28:04 1997
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From: "Tanya Dobrzynski" <aoctd@mail.wizard.net>
Organization: American Oceans Campaign
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-l@uriacc.uri.edu
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 1997 11:29:01 -0500
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Subject: fishing and reefs
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Hi Folks,

Sorry for any cross-postings.

I am currently working on a report that will be distributed to
members of Congress on how proper implementation and enforcement of
the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act could
protect coral reefs from overfishing and habitat destruction.

Does anyone know of any specific examples where overharvesting of a top
predator or grazer has had adverse effects on coral reefs in the
Florida Keys or Hawaii?

Please respond directly to me at aoctd@wizard.net.

Thanks in advance for your help!

Tanya Dobrzynski
American Oceans Campaign
201 Massachusetts Avenue, NE, #C-3
Washington, DC 20002

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 16 11:11:13 1997
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Date: Thu, 16 Oct 1997 09:50:26 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: OIL 98 CALL FOR PAPERS (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.971016094938.1563A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Please note some relevance to coral reefs in this forwarded message:

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 14 Oct 1997 17:10:17 BST
From: Helen Fisher <hfisher@wessex.ac.uk>
Subject: OIL 98 CALL FOR PAPERS

CALL FOR PAPERS

First International Conference

OIL SPILL 98

Oil & Hydrocarbon Spills, Modelling, Analysis & Control

July 1998
Southampton, UK

Organised by:
Wessex Institute of Technology, Southampton, UK

OBJECTIVES The transport of oil from production centers of the world
to the global market is mainly achieved by the use of pipelines and
tankers. In the recent years, the occrurance of large oil spills
and its subsequent impact on the environment, has created a growing
concern about necessary prevention measures. However, the risk of
spills still overwhelms these measures creating potential danger in
sen sitive natural resources. Oil spill research should be an
essential component of management's contribution to oil spill
response, prevention, contaminant and mitagation methods.

The topics covered in this conference will help to close the gap
between theoretical developments and practical applications.

The conference will deal with the topics listed as state-of-the-art
reviews and advanced theoretical and practical aspects of oil spills
in land and water environments.

The oil spill modelling workshop aims to discuss a set of standards
that allow the testing of present and future models. This workshop
will bring the opportunity to model developers to compare, on a
rational basis, the most important models available today.

This conference will gather researchers, engineers and managers from
all over the world to discuss state-of-the-art techniques to model,
prevent and control oil spills on land and in water bodies.

CONFERENCE CHAIRMEN

C A Brebbia

R Garcia

CONFERENCE TOPICS

The meeting will provide a forum for discussion and exchange of
ideas among those working on air pollution topics, in particular on
the themes given below:-

	Modeling of Trajectory and Fate of 			Spills
	Oil Properties
	Spills in Estuaries and Delta Areas
	Land Spills
	Contingency Planning for Oil Spills
	In-Situ Contermeasures
	Operational Procedures for Storage,
	Handling and Transportation of Oil
	Biological Impact of Oil Pollution
	on Coral Reefs and Mangroves
	Toxicity Testing
	Biological Control Methods
	Shoreline Protection and Cleanup
	Use of Dispersants
	Oil Spill Treating Agents
	Risk Assessment
	In-situ Burning
	Legal Matters
	Financail Cost of Oil Spills
	Oil Spill Prevention
	Experimental and Laboratory 				Analysis
	Field Experiments
	Remote Sensing
	Sensitivity Maps
	Cleanup Measures
	Control and Recovery Equipment
	Rehabilitation of Oil-Damaged 				Resources
	Recovered Oil Management
	ORIMULSION Spills
	Case Studies

LOCATION
Novotel, Southampton, UK

CONFERENCE DINNER The Conference Dinner will be held on
the second evening. All delegates and partners are welcome.
Further details, including the price of the dinner, will be
available in the Provisional Programme.

MINI-EXHIBITION FACILITIES

There will be a table top exhibition in the foyer of the conference
hall for the display of products, services and literature related to
the theme of the meeting. The space may also be used for free
-standing units. Please contact the Conference Secretariat for
details of charges and facilities.

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

The proceedings of OIL SPILL will be published to a high standard by
Computational Mechanics Publications for delegates at the
conference. The Proceedings will also be widely distributed through
the international booktrade.

TIME SCHEDULE

Return reply form:
as soon as possible

Submit Abstract (300 words):
1 Decmeber 1997

Submit Final Paper:
10 March 1998

CALL FOR PAPERS

Papers are invited on the topics outlined previously which are
consistent with the theme of the conference. Abstracts of no more
than 300 words should be submitted to the Conference Secretariat a s
soon as possible and no later than *** Abstracts should clearly
state the purpose, results and conclusions of the work to be
described in the final paper and the topic under which the abstract
coul d be listed. Authors will be notified on the suitability of
their abstract and the final acceptance will depend upon the review
of the full length paper.

CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT

Wessex Institute of Technology,
Ashurst Lodge,
Ashurst, Southampton
SO40 7AA, UK
Telephone: + 44 (0) 1703 293223
Fax: +44 (0) 1703 292853
E-Mail: liz@wessex.ac.uk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 16 11:21:13 1997
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <erikm@nioz.nl>
From: "Erik Meesters" <erikm@nioz.nl>
Organization: nioz
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 1997 15:48:54 +0000
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Subject: thank you notes
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I propose a 'new' rule of conduct:

If you put a question on the list and you receive less than a hundred
replies, please send your thank-you-note to these people and not to
the whole world (there must be more than a 1000 people on this list).

Anotherone: Try to make the subject as clear as possible, so we don't
have to open,close, and delete every single message.

I wonder who ever thought that computers were going to save time

Best wishes to yual,
Erik

--------------------------------------------
Dr. Erik Meesters
Dept of Marine Ecology
Netherlands Institute of Sea Research (Nioz)
P.O. Box 59
1790 AB Den Burg-The Netherlands
ph. (0)31-(0)222-369530/572
fax (0)31-(0)222-319674

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 17 15:46:24 1997
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Date: Fri, 17 Oct 1997 14:43:22 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Your removal from coral-list.
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.971017141747.5325A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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Greetings Coral-Listers,

 Occasionally I get messages, which are destined to be sent to you
via coral-list, returned as undeliverable for a variety of reasons. I
usually wait awhile for the messages to keep on bouncing before I strike
your name from coral-list. If messages to you continue to bounce for
awhile for whatever reason, I will unfortunately elect to remove you from
the list. Please don't take it personally! Just drop me a line and I'll
place you back on.

Common reasons for bounced messages are:

o Your mailbox is full, and you haven't corrected the situation
	in awhile.

o You instituted the "vacation" program, and it says you won't be
	back for a hundred years.

o You changed email addresses and you didn't tell me, or you didn't
	"unsubscribe" then "subscribe" at the new address.

o The network connection to your domain is continually down, or
	frequently unattainable.

Usually, there is at least one coral-list message every other day, so if
you don't see any messages for several days, it may be that you have been
removed. If you're not sure, send the following message to
majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov:

	who coral-list

If you're on the list, you should get a list of about 760 members' email
addresses, including yours; if not, you'll get the following message:

>>>> who coral-list
**** List 'coral-list' is a private list.
**** Only members of the list can do a 'who'.
**** You aren't a member of list 'coral-list'.
>>>>
>>>>

...at which point drop me a line singin' the blues, and I'll put you back
on.

	Cheers,

	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator

P.S. Here's an example partial inbox of recent bounces and informational
tidbits. (As you can see, I also get some of that wonderful junk email,
too.)

 N 28 Oct 14 Majordomo@aoml.noa (393) SUBSCRIBE coral-list
 N 29 Oct 14 Majordomo@aoml.noa (415) SUBSCRIBE coral-list
 N 30 Oct 14 Majordomo@aoml.noa (428) SUBSCRIBE coral-list
 N 31 Oct 14 Mailer-Daemon@wpg. (1,042) Message status - undeliverable
 N 32 Oct 14 Adminstrator (2,470) Mail failure
 N 33 Oct 14 Adminstrator (2,530) Mail failure
 N 34 Oct 14 bizman97@tnlb.com (3,424) True life faith confirming stor
 N 35 Oct 14 Mail Delivery Subs (3,823) Returned mail: User unknown
 N 36 Oct 15 Mailer-Daemon@wpg. (1,037) Message status - undeliverable
 N 37 Oct 15 Majordomo@aoml.noa (433) SUBSCRIBE coral-list
 N 38 Oct 15 Mailer-Daemon@wpg. (1,068) Message status - undeliverable
 N 39 Oct 15 Mail Delivery Subs (3,074) Returned mail: User unknown
 N 40 Oct 15 Mailer-Daemon@wpg. (1,054) Message status - undeliverable
 N 41 Oct 14 Mail Delivery Subs (2,875) Returned mail: User unknown
 N 42 Oct 15 Mail Delivery Subs (2,983) Returned mail: User unknown
 N 43 Oct 15 Mail Delivery Subs (3,283) Returned mail: User unknown

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Date: Sat, 18 Oct 1997 13:24:30 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Danny Gleason <dgleason@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu>
Subject: Two tenure-track positions
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Sorry about double posting, but the first transmission was cut off at the
end of the first paragraph! Below is the entire job announcement.
Thank you.

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGIST AND PLANT BIOLOGIST
GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY
Department of Biology

The Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University invites applications
for two tenure track positions at the Assistant Professor level. Position
starting dates are 1 August 1998. Salary is competitive and commensurate
with experience and qualifications. Application postmark deadline for both
positions is 5 December 1997. Ph.D. required at time of application. See
http://www.bio.gasou.edu/ for additional information about the department.

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGIST: Postdoctoral experience preferred. Applicants
must have broad training in areas related to environmental biology and have
a commitment to teaching and scholarship. Preference will be given to
individuals whose research area will strengthen a departmental emphasis in
conservation issues in coastal plain and near-shore biology . Teaching
responsibilities include Environmental Biology and upper level courses in
area of expertise. Send a letter of application, curriculum vitae,
statement of teaching and research interests and the names of three
references to Dr. Ann E. Pratt, Chair, Search Committee # 34920,
Department of Biology, P.O. Box 8042, Georgia Southern University,
Statesboro, GA 30460-8042, USA.

PLANT BIOLOGIST. Postdoctoral experience is preferred. Applicants must
have broad training in botany with a commitment to teaching and
scholarship, and they must be qualified to teach general botany and
advanced courses in their specialty. The specific area of research is
open, but preference will be given to persons whose research complements a
departmental emphasis in the Southeastern Coastal Plain. Applicants should
send a letter of application, curriculum vitae, and statements of teaching
and research interests, and have three letters of reference sent to Dr.
Donald Drapalik, Chair, Search Committee #34921, Department of Biology, P.
O. Box 8042, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460-8042,
USA.

Georgia Southern University, a unit of the University System of Georgia,
was founded in 1906 and became a regional university in 1990. The 601-acre
campus is located in Statesboro, a community of approximately 30,000
residents, 50 miles northwest of historic Savannah and 200 miles southeast
of Atlanta. Anticipated fall quarter 1997 headcount of over 14,000
reflects a 115% enrollment growth since the fall of 1984, resulting in the
addition of over 200 faculty positions. The university offers 23
baccalaureate degrees in 81 major fields of study, ten master's degrees in
40 fields, the Education Specialist degree with 16 majors, and Ed.D.
programs in Educational Administration and Curriculum Studies.

The names of applicants and nominees, rsums, and other general
non-evaluative information are subject to public inspection under the
Georgia Open Records Act. Georgia Southern is an equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Institution. Persons who need reasonable
accommodations in order to participate in the application process should
notify the search chair.

Daniel Gleason
Department of Biology
Georgia Southern University
P.O. Box 8042
Statesboro, GA 30460-8042

Phone: 912-681-5957
FAX: 912-681-0845
E-mail: dgleason@gsvms2.cc.gasou.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 18 18:21:06 1997
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To: iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Requesting (free and appropriate) materials for "Reefs at Risk - What Can Divers
 Do?"
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(With apologies for any cross-postings)

Diver Fest '97 "Reefs at Risk - What Can Divers Do?"
Sunday, November 9, 1997, 12:30 - 5:00 p.m.
on The University of Texas at Austin Campus

Texas Memorial Museum will be hosting a free program of short videos and
illustrated talks, plus exhibits of specialized diving, monitoring and
videographic equipment, of research on fossil, modern and artificial reefs,
of underwater archeology, demonstration projects for educators, and
handouts covering responsible diving, ecotourism, and volunteering
opportunities for recreational divers.
Exhibitors (some of whom are representing more than one organization) include:
The University of Texas at Austin
Texas A&M University at College Station
Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi
Texas A&M University at Galveston
Baylor University
Kocurek Elementary School
Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Minerals Management Service
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Earthwatch
YMCA
Advanced Creative Productions
Rinn Boats, Inc.
U.S. Divers Co., Inc.

Anyone, or any organization, with relevant and readily-available materials
that could be sent to us either for temporary exhibit (perferably fitting
on a 6 ft.long table), or for handing out to visitors, is invited to send
me an email message.

Advance many thanks!
Judy Lang
jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 21 09:33:40 1997
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Date: Tue, 21 Oct 1997 08:11:05 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Richard E. Dodge" <dodge@nsu.acast.nova.edu>
Subject: Call for Papers: Special Issue of Coral Reefs on Holocene and
 Pleistocene Reef Geology
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Announcement and Call for Papers:

Special Issue on Holocene and Pleistocene Reef Geology

Volume 17 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue, entitled "Holocene
and Pleistocene Reef Geology". As the title suggests, the purpose of the
issue is to provide an overview of current research in this broad area.
Manuscripts may be empirical or theoretical, long or short. Reviews and
Reef Sites on a geological theme are also welcome. The issue (approximately
100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers have been accepted.
(Consult the journal for manuscript formatting guidelines).

Prospective authors should first contact the Geological Editor, Richard E.
Dodge by fax or email (Fax 954-921-7764, email dodge@ocean.nova.edu). To
ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as
possible (NO LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1, 1998) to R.E. Dodge, Nova Southeastern
University Oceanographic Center, 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA.

Guest Editors to whom manuscripts may also be submitted are:
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas,
1930 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, email: buddrw@KGS.UKANS.EDU
Dr. Richard W. Grigg, Dept. of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Univ. of
Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email rgrigg@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
Dr. David Hopley, Coastal & Marine Consultancies, 3 Wingadee, Annadale,
Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia, emal: david.hopley@ultra.net.au
Dr. Peter Swart, Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics, University of
Miami/ RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, email:
Pswart@rsmas.miami.edu
Dr. A.W. Tudhope, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburch, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom, email: sandy.Tudhope@ed.ac.uk

Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D.
Associate Dean, Professor
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764
web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 21 16:05:48 1997
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Date: Tue, 21 Oct 1997 15:07:18 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Albert Thiel <albert@athiel.com>
Subject: Balistoides conspicilum
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Dear Fellow Researches

I am presently involved in the captive breeding attempt of B. conspicilum,
the so-called Clown Trigger

I would appreciate any feedback that anyone may have witih regard to what
their experiences are with regard to the breeding of this fish in nature
around reefs, or alternatively resources they are aware of that I may wish
to consult

I appreciate your feedback

Albert Thiel

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 21 23:55:38 1997
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Date: Tue, 21 Oct 1997 20:03:31 -0700 (PDT)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Pictures of RWD
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Dear Coral Listers,

Here is a close up (60mm macro) shot of Rapid Wasting Disease. Look at
corallites, costae, septa, basically the direction in the growth formation
is not disrupted, just eroded down to the paliform lobes. If this were
bitten by Parrot fish, one would see teeth marks, along with the growth
direction formation disturbed. Rather there are no teeth marks, just the
fast dissolution of coral tissue.

Look at some of polyps that are just begining to erode, these lesions are
different than any of the other diseases. The spread in a 24 hr. time
period can be as fast at 7inches.

These pictures are protected by copyright, if you would like to use these
pictures for publiction you must obtain permission from the photographer.

To view these pictures highlight (one at a time) the addresses below, go to
edit on the menu bar and select COPY, and paste this directly onto
Netscapes location site, and hit return to view picture. You can only view
one picture at a time.

Any questions please e-mail me. I will be in the field during Thanksgiving
for sample collection. More pictures will be up soon.

http://database.mbl.edu/Coral/search.qry?function=detail&Layout_0_uid1=70

http://database.mbl.edu/Coral/search.qry?function=detail&Layout_0_uid1=64

*****************************************
James M. Cervino, Marine Biologist
 Global Coral Reef Alliance
 124-19 9th ave, College Point
 New York, NY 11356
 Phone/Fax (178) 539-8155
*****************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 22 11:35:11 1997
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From: "Tanya Dobrzynski" <aoctd@mail.wizard.net>
Organization: American Oceans Campaign
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor@uriacc.uri.edu
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 1997 10:12:57 -0500
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Subject: good news on Capitol Hill for coral reefs
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Hi Folks,

Sorry for any cross-postings.

The U.S. House and Senate have come to agreement on House Concurrent
Resolution 8, the "Coral Reef Protection Resolution of 1997,"
introduced by Congressman James Saxton (R-NJ).

The Resolution expresses the sense of Congress to support and uphold
activities and initiatives aimed at enhancing the health and
stability of coral reef ecosystems. The Resolution in itself does
not legislate substantive coral reef protection or restoration
measures. However, it is a hopeful first step toward securing real
protections for coral reefs in the near future. The full text of
H.C.R. 8 can be found at http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery

Other coral reef protection legislation currently pending on Capitol
Hill is H.R. 2233 (also introduced by Rep. Saxton) which establishes
a coral reef conservation fund, and H.Res. 8, a resolution introduced
by Rep. George Miller (D-CA) to promote international efforts to
stamp out destructive fishing practices in coral reef areas.

Both of these bills are currently awaiting passage by the House of
Representatives before moving onto the Senate. Please contact your
Congressperson to let him/her know that it's important that Congress
take action on these bills before the end of this year, the
International Year of the Reef. Call the U.S. Capitol Swithboard to
find out the number for your Rep. at 202-224-3121.

For further information about these bills please feel free to contact
me at aoctd@wizard.net.

Cheers!!

Tanya Dobrzynski
American Oceans Campaign
Washington, DC 20002

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 22 14:44:03 1997
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Message-ID: <344E340C.6A08@televar.com>
Date: Wed, 22 Oct 1997 10:12:52 -0700
From: Cindy Shaw <bioart@televar.com>
Reply-To: bioart@televar.com
Organization: BioGraphics
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Subject: Biological Illustration/Photography Workshops
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Hello -

I thought there might be some interest in a few workshops to be held on
Grand Cayman Island coming up this January 12-18. They will be geared
toward biological illustrators and scientists interested in UW
art/photography techniques.

1) UW Photography for Biological Illustrators and Scientists - using
photography as a way for gathering field reference materials for use in
illustrating or for scientific publications.

2) "On Assignment!" - Participants will be given an "assignment" on a
current issue relevant to coral reef ecology for a Natl. Geographic-type
journal, and will gather field references through UW photography, UW
sketching and field notes, videography, etc., and then develop
conceptual drawings for a four-page spread.

3) UW Field Reference-gathering techniques - a shorter version of the
above, without the conceptual drawing part.

4) Studio painting workshop - students will have the opportunity to use
their field references gathered from one of the above workshops, and
develop it into a color illustration. Gouache (opaque watercolor,
commonly used in scientific illustrating), using airbrush and paintbrush
will be the featured medium and techniques.

If you'd like further information, please contact me.

Best regards,

Cindy Shaw, Scientific Illustrator and Photographer

bioart@televar.com
phone (509) 627-0703
fax (509) 627-0751

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 23 02:06:24 1997
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From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
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Dear Coral Listers,

More RWD Photos! ( =114is day one of the spread)

http://database.mbl.edu/Coral/search.qry?function=detail&Layout_0_uid1=114

(=117 is day2, 24 hours later)

http://database.mbl.edu/Coral/search.qry?function=detail&Layout_0_uid1=117

This is a close up, again observe the polyps!!

http://database.mbl.edu/Coral/search.qry?function=detail&Layout_0_uid1=116

These are protected by copyright.

Thanks for your time listers, JM Cervino

*****************************************
James M. Cervino, Marine Biologist
 Global Coral Reef Alliance
 124-19 9th ave, College Point
 New York, NY 11356
 Phone/Fax (178) 539-8155
*****************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 23 11:39:08 1997
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From: marinepark@bonairenet.com
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 23 Oct 1997 09:53:38 +0000
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Subject: reef protection measures
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I am currently compiling information on measures which can be
taken to protect coral reefs from harm - specifically from
sedimentation and nutrient enrichment - for inclusion in a
"guidelines" handbook. This handbook, which will include practical
conservation measures, will be available at cost
to any interested parties

I would be most grateful to hear from anyone who can help me with
the following:

1. Information/studies on measures which can be taken to prevent
increase sedimentation rates as a result of land clearance, erosion
poor construction practices etc at construction sites within the
coastal zone

2.Information/studies on the type, cost etc of small (package)
sewage treatment plants which can be installed at hotels (up to 200
rooms) in the coastal zone with an indication of their effectiveness
and the most environmentally sound way of dealing with the effluent

3. Information on any organisations/web sites or similar which
might be able to supply me with such information

Many thanks

Kalli De Meyer
Manager. Bonaire Marine Park
tel/fax: 599-7-8444
email: marinepark@bonairenet.com
homepage: http://www.bmp.org/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 23 15:47:59 1997
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Date: Thu, 23 Oct 1997 12:55:25 -0400
From: Harilaos Lessios <lessiosh@naos.si.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Positions available at the Smithsonian Tropical Research
	Institute
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The SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE (STRI) invites
applications for two research scientists. STRI is particularly interested in
a zoologist investigating the ecology, evolution, behavior or physiology of
tropical TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES; and in a biologist interested in
similar disciplines of tropical MARINE ORGANISMS. Based in the Republic
of Panama, the STRI provides unique opportunities and support for field
and laboratory research in the tropics. Beginning salaries will be in the
$36 - $52,000 range; excellent benefits and research support plus other
special allowances may apply. STRI is an Equal Opportunity Employer
and these positions are open to scientists of any nationality. Applicants
should send their CV, a description of research interests, addresses and
telephone/e-mail of three references and copies of significant
publications. Please submit materials to either: Vertebrate Biologist or
Marine Biologist Search Committee, Smithsonian Tropical Research
Institute, Unit 0948, APO AA 34002-0948, USA. Review of applications
will begin in January 1998 and will continue until the positions are filled.
The appointments will begin in the fall of 1998.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 24 08:46:57 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: kunz@bu.edu (Tom Kunz)
Subject: Tropical Evolutionary Ecologist
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Please bring this position to the attention of your colleagues and students.

>TROPICAL EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGIST
>
> The Department of Biology at Boston University invites applications
>for a tenure-track position at the rank of Assistant Professor to begin in
>the fall of 1998. The successful candidate will be expected to have a
>strong background in Neotropical organismal biology, and to use molecular
>approaches to address research questions in ecology and evolution. Teaching
>responsibilities include participation in an introductory course which
>focuses on ecology, behavior and evolution, and an upper-level
>undergraduate or graduate course in area of specialty. Applicants should
>have a Ph.D. with post-doctoral experience, an active research program, and
>a commitment to excellence in teaching. The successful candidate will
>complement an active research program in Ecology, Behavior, and Evolution,
>and will be part of the Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology.
> Interested applicants should send a curriculum vitae, statements of
>research and teaching interests, copies of three major reprints, and three
>letters of reference to:
>
>Thomas H. Kunz, Chair
>Evolutionary Ecology Search Committee
>Department of Biology
>Boston University
>Boston, MA 02215
>
>Closing date for applications is December 15, 1997.
>
>Boston University is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 24 16:47:56 1997
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Date: Fri, 24 Oct 1997 15:54:31 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Subject: Rapid Wasting Disease Pix on the WWW
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I have looked at James Cervino's RWD pictures on the Web. Commenting on
something I have not myself seen in the field may be of limited value, but
I am curious how others' interpretations compare to my own.

I think the pictures suggest that RWD has an etiology that is largely
independent of parrotfish.

However, I think it is probable that SOME of the carbonate destruction is
the result of (presumably) secondary parrotfish damage, probably by S.
viride. S. viride do not always leave clear marks of the sort normally
associated with large Scarus spp. In one of the pictures I saw traces of
longitudinal rays that look like the scrapes left by individual denticles
in the S. viride beak. It also looked to me like there was some algal
growth on some of the marks; if so, this would certainly attract attention
from parrotfishes after the fact.

Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215

e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax: 617-353-6340

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 24 20:47:25 1997
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Date: Fri, 24 Oct 1997 19:45:51 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Albert Thiel <albert@athiel.com>
Subject: Crinoids
Cc: Olga Sorokina <bottom@ecosys.sio.rssi.ru>
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Hi all :

Olga Sorokina <bottom@ecosys.sio.rssi.ru> is looking for information on
stalked crinoids Hyocrinidae.

If you have any info on this or if you know of sources could you email her
DIRECTLY please. Not to the list pls. Send it directly to her. You can copy
the list if you wish but because she is not a member of the list you need
to send it to her and CC the list if you think it is of importance to others

Thank you.

Albert

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 25 18:47:30 1997
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Date: Sat, 25 Oct 1997 17:58:30 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: Florida Bay, Florida
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Hello Coral Researchers,

A recent AP article entitled "Mysterious tumors threaten sea turtles" at

 http://cnn.com/EARTH/9710/23/turtle.tumors.ap/index.html

said this about Florida Bay, Florida.

"A study last year by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection
found that 10 percent of live loggerhead turtles caught in Florida Bay, at
the southern tip of the state, are affected."

I have investigated Florida Bay on the Internet and am aware of
environmental problems in the area. But now, as a result of this article,
I am hoping there is someone on the coral mailing list who has expert
knowledge of environmental conditions in the nearshore waters of Florida Bay.

While I'm at it I might as well take a long shot. I was hoping to ask the
same questions for Moreton Bay in Australia. Again I have tracked down
general information on the Internet but now have more specific questions.

(From my own limited experience diving in Hawaii I have found that if the
corals aren't healthy neither are the resident turtles --hence I ask here)

Many thanks
---------------------------------------------------------------
 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@turtles.org
 /V^\ /^V\
 /V Turtle Trax V\ http://www.turtles.org
 / \
"For most of the wild things on earth the future must
depend upon the conscience of mankind."

 \ / --- Dr. Archie Carr
 / \ / \
 /__| V |__\

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 27 03:21:26 1997
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Date: Mon, 27 Oct 1997 00:26:47 -0700
From: Cindy Shaw <bioart@televar.com>
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Organization: BioGraphics
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Hello -

Thanks to everyone who responded to my earlier post regarding the
workshops to be held this January... my response to all of you was
written just after I'd completed a big museum exhibit deadline, and I
was rather fried, so I hope it was coherent!

It is with some embarrassment that I have just realized that some of the
information, which included contact info and instructors' credentials,
could have been cut from my replies. If you found this to be the case,
please let me know, and I'll try again.

Sorry - and thanks,

Cindy Shaw

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 27 15:36:40 1997
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From: marinepark@bonairenet.com
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Mon, 27 Oct 1997 15:36:24 +0000
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Subject: (Fwd) Re: reef protection measures
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Seems more people were interested in the request for information on
reef protection measures. I received the following from Gregor
Hodgson:

------- Forwarded Message Follows -------
Date: Fri, 24 Oct 1997 14:48:23 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>
Organization: Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
To: marinepark@bonairenet.com
Subject: Re: reef protection measures

Kalli,

There are already two guidelines available on this subject, although
neither are as complete as one might want.

The first is, "Intertropical coastl and Coral Reef Areas and their
development, Practical Guide" by Michel Porcher. Available from:

CETE mediterranee BP 37000 13791 Aix en Provence Cedex 3 France

The second is Jim Maragos and Dick Carpenter's book:

How to assess Environemtnal IMpaxxts on TRopical Isalnds and Coastal
Areas. SPREP YOu could get a copy from SPREP or JIm at EW Center.

CHeers,

Greg
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
tel: (852) 2358-8568 fax: (852) 2358-1582
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html

Kalli De Meyer
Manager. Bonaire Marine Park
tel/fax: 599-7-8444
email: marinepark@bonairenet.com
homepage: http://www.bmp.org/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 27 18:04:35 1997
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Date: Mon, 27 Oct 1997 17:27:55 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Heather Holter Hall <hhh3@psu.edu>
Subject: Southeast Asian Coral Reefs
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I am an assistant debate coach at Penn State University, and I am looking
for information about Southeast Asian coral reefs. Specifically, reefs off
the coast of the Philippines, and what is being done to protect them.

Thank you
Heather Holter Hall
Alumni Records
The Penn State Alumni Association
State College, PA
814-865-0328

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 28 18:27:13 1997
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Date: Tue, 28 Oct 1997 16:55:57 -0500 (EST)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Our HotSpot chart is showing potential bleaching waters around the
Maldives and around Dakar, W. Africa this past week. Does anyone know of
any observers there that might be able to confirm or deny bleaching?

This is in an area where we often have trouble seeing thru Saharan dust as
it blows out over the Atlantic...freqently making our satellite SSTs
erroneously cool. Since we are seeing anomalously WARM waters at the
moment, we need to find out how accurate our satellite yearly maximum
value is for that area [it may be too low] to know whether to believe our
HotSpot indicators at the moment.

In any event, it would be interesting find in-situ information from the
Maldives for late-October.

Another area we have been concerned about is off the Venezuelean coast in
the Caribbean and mostly east of Bonaire....SSTs near 30 deg C much of
October....temps are gradually inching up around the Galapagos, too!

Cheers,
Al Strong

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
				Alan E. Strong
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		 Oceanography Department
 -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402
 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail]
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		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
	301-763-8102	FAX: 301-763-8108

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 28 20:01:21 1997
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Date: Wed, 29 Oct 1997 06:57:23 +0800
From: Don E Baker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
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Subject: Light Intensities for Corals / Measured
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Hello Coral-L'ers,

Could anyone ref me web site/persons/etc. on gathering actual
field measurements of optimum growth light intensity for various corals
- especially Acropora & Pocillopora?

Any leads would be greatly appreciated.

Cheers from Borneo,
Don Baker

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 30 05:49:06 1997
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From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
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Subject: Full reference required....
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Dear fellow CORAL-LISTERS,

I recently came across a title of a paper, with no reference to it's origin.
If anybody has the correct reference, please email me:

PORTER, J.W. AND MEIER, O.W. 1995. Quantification of loss and
change in Floridian reef coral populations. **..??

Thanks in advance.

Regards,

Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 30 12:29:12 1997
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Date: Thu, 30 Oct 1997 12:38:56 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Dr. Ernesto Weil" <eweil@caribe.net>
Subject: RWD vs. Parrot fish predation??
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To Coral List readers interested in Rapid wasting disease and parrot fish
predation
From: Andrew and Robin Bruckner, University of Puerto Rico

Parrotfish again: remarks on photographs of RWD posted on the Coral List:

We have just returned from Curacao. While following up on our YBD study,
we collected additional evidence that damage being attributed to RWD may be
caused by stoplight parrotfish. We were fortunate to overlap with a
researcher from Groningen University who worked extensively on Sparisoma
viride in Bonaire. This parrotfish expert, together with one of the
coauthors of the RWD theory working out of CARMABI, made for stimulating
conversation. We were grateful for the opportunity to share our
observations and photographs with both of them. We thank Reef Care Curacao
for taking us to East Point during their surveys for ReefKeeper
International; several of the staff witnessed firsthand parrotfish
predation on Montastraea annularis colonies they believed to exhibit signs
of RWD.

We have examined the photographs posted on the internet. The damage
depicted is consistent with what we have directly observed Sparisoma viride
to inflict, and we have similar photos from Bonaire, Curacao and Puerto
Rico illustrating this. Some of our photos capture the fish in action,
with the mouth of one or more fish, usually terminal phase, clearly biting
live tissue from the tops of M. annularis colonies. Unlike other
parrotfish which tend to scrape at the substrate, S. viride is an
excavator, preferring concave substrata over flat surfaces. The
similarities of rapid tissue and skeletal destruction on Montastraea sp.
and C. natans are striking, and observed for both RWD and S. viride. We
suggest that much of the damage attributed to RWD may be caused by S.
viride.

While we have observed parrotfish to take single bites from undamaged
corals, leaving lesions similar to the close-up photograph of the coral
with new signs of RWD posted , we have not seen the initial stage of RWD
affecting a single polyp, as described by Goreau et al in an earlier
correspondence. The second photo of the same M. annularis after 24 hours
DOES exhibit characteristic bite marks, in the horizontal direction (middle
right side of lesion), identical to those made by stoplight parrotfish!
The macro shot clearly shows the sharp interface between irregularly eroded
skeleton and apparently healthy tissue with no signs of necrosis or pigment
loss, which is consistent with lesions created by mechanical damage, be it
parrotfish or anchor damage.

We have many questions concerning RWD, and are looking forward to the visit
by J. Cervino to Puerto Rico scheduled for December so we can share more
information. We are interested in the rate of RWD advance between day and
night. We suspect "RWD" progresses over a coral primarily during daylight
hours, with little, if any damage at night. We feel it is unlikely that a
microorganism could modify the pH and maintain an acidity capable of
dissolving calcium carbonate in sea water at such a rapid rate as observed
with RWD. We are curious about the "bucket and aquaria" studies referred
to previously - Do tissue AND skeleton of corals with RWD continue to
dissolve away when placed in buckets of sea water ?, Is this associated
with a change of pH of the sea water in the buckets? Have corals with the
initial stages of RWD been placed in aquaria or buckets?

We have observed S. viride biting many species: Montastraea annularis, M.
faveolata, M. cavernosa, Diploria labyrinthiformis, D. strigosa, Meandrina
meandrites, Porites porites, P. astreroides, Millepora complanata, Eusmilia
fastigiata, Colpophyllia natans, Acropora palmata and Madracis mirabilis.
These fish leave characteristic bite marks on species such as A. palmata
and P. astreoides, while they often remove only the branch tips from
Madracis, P. porites, Millepora and Eusmilia. On corals with low density
skeletons such as Montastraea spp. and C. natans, we have observed large
TP and IP fish return to the same coral repeatedly throughout the day,
producing overlapping bites at the interface of tissue and skeleton. These
fish predominantly bite at the elevated portions of M. faveolata (and M.
franksi), or on the edge of the coral. S. viride characteristically
remove all tissue from the tops of individual lobes of M. annularis; an
uneven, etched band of tissue always remains at the base or within a
depression of the lobe. In subsequent dives to the same location, we
observed S. viride biting at live tissue of adjacent, previously undamaged
lobes on the same colony or an adjacent coral. The fish do not always
approach and bite head on, but often turn their bodies and angle their
bites - they open their moth widely, grab onto a protrusion and by sideways
twisting motions of the head they are able to break off pieces. Repeated
bites by several fish in the same area, as well as bites taken from
different angles, do not always leave well defined bite marks, especially
on low density, relatively "soft" skeletons. Instead, the live coral
interface may have a jagged or etched, and often crumbly appearance. We
have photographs of similar damage from the early 1990's, and suggest that
this type of tissue destruction and skeletal erosion is not a new
phenomenon; entire corals are rarely killed.

We urge anyone who thinks they have observed the Montastraea spp. and C.
natans with patches of recent, white eroded skeleton lacking any algal
colonization and bordering live, apparently healthy coral tissue, to
observe the corals from a respectful distance, close to the reef rather
than up in the water column, for the length of a dive to rule out the
possibility of predation by S. viride.

Andrew and Robin Bruckner arbruckner@hotmail.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 30 15:39:29 1997
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Subject: Diving Safety Questions
Date: Thu, 30 Oct 97 14:47:14 -0500
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From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
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Dear Coral List,

With respect to Australia could anyone tell me:

1. Are diving centers licensed by the government in any way?

2. Are there any government established diving regulations of any kind?

3. Are there government safety regulations for passenger (diving)
vessels?

4. Does the government require passenger (diving) vessels to have
property and liability insurance?

5. Does the GBRMP regulate any of the above in their park regulations?

Short answers are fine (even just yes or no).

If you can't answer these - could you please send me the email adddress
of someone who could?

Thanks for your assistance.

Best regards,

Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA 20198-1715 USA
Office: 703-754-8690, Fax: 703-754-9139
Email: sjameson@coralseas.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 30 19:02:47 1997
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Date: Thu, 30 Oct 1997 23:02:06 -0800
From: sheppard <sh@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk>
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Subject: Chagos Archipelago
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A one page item in New Scientist of 18 October 1997 reported that the
coral reefs of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean have been badly
damaged by certain Indian Ocean states. "Paradise lost to Pirates"
was its title, "Illegal fishing is wrecking a remote coral haven..."
a sub title, which shows the flavour of the piece, citing myself as
authority of some of the "news".

These, and several points in the text, are wrong. In fact Chagos is
probably the richest and least impacted set of reefs in the Indian
Ocean. There was a substantial reef research project there last
year, and our results describing the work are due out in various
journals, many in a special issue of the Linnean Society of London.

But that won't be immediate. Meanwhile, in the current climate of
careful recording of the state of the world's reefs, I would hate for
all those many good folks who are compiling useful accounts (e.g.
ReefBase, ReefWatch and several more within ICRI, Year of the Oceans
et al) to be misled into noting down that some of the best reefs are
some of the most damaged, as I don't think reef conservation is served
by large exaggerations in either direction.

--
Best wishes
Charles Sheppard

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 30 21:28:52 1997
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From: "Griffis, Roger B" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Subject: Call for Proposals re: Environmental Impacts of El Nino Event
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Please distribute to interested parties. Thank you.
**************************************************

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department
of Commerce, intends to award up to $1,500,000 in FY 98 to support
proposals that will permit the capture of unusual environmental conditions
or impacts associated with El Nino.

The purpose is to take advantage of the unusually strong El Nino signal
expected over the next few months and gain understanding of how this
signal influences critical environmental processes.

In other to implement activities in time to study the winter signal,
generally the portion of the ENSO cycle with the strongest impacts on the
contiguous
48 states, a rapid review process has been established.

The deadline for proposals is November 19, 1997, with final decisions on
awards made by December 1, 1997.

The Announcement of Opportunity is posted on the Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research Home Page at http://www.oar.noaa.gov under "El Nino
Announcement of Opportunity."
The URL http://www.oar.noaa.gov/el_nino.html can also be used.
********************************
NOAA - U.S. Department of Commerce
The mission of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is to
describe and predict changes in the Earth's environment, and conserve and
manage wisely the Nation's coastal and marine resources to ensure
sustainable economic opportunities.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 30 23:06:41 1997
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From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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CORRECTION....CORRECTION

My earlier note on possible coral reef bleaching in the vicinity of the
Maldives was incorrect [The map I had referred to was the ReefBase (CIA?)
chart that named the islands off Dakar as the Canaries...I knew that was
wrong!...but they weren't the Maldives either!] ... the HotSpots we are
watching from high SST data over the past few weeks are close to the Cape
Verde Islands! off West Africa.

Any info from local sources would be appreciated. Please excuse the
earlier incorrect reference to Maldives.

Cheers,
Al Strong

**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
				Alan E. Strong
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		 Oceanography Department
 -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402
 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail]
 Stop 9910		 Camp Springs, MD 20746 410-293-2137 [FAX]
 Washington, DC 20233-9910			 strong@nadn.navy.mil
		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
	301-763-8102	FAX: 301-763-8108

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 31 17:05:32 1997
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Date: Fri, 31 Oct 1997 15:33:53 -0500
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From: Tom_Schmidt@nps.gov (Tom Schmidt)
Subject: Dry Tortugas Publication
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 Greetings!

 Many thanks to those of you who recommended Atoll Res. Bull. as a
 journal publication for our document on the scientific studies of Dry
 Tortugas National Park: an annotated bibliography. Meanwhile the
 document is available in limited hard copies as a NOAA/NPS technical
 report. We are hopeful of an electronic version soon through the NOAA
 library system in Miami (Florida).

 Thomas W. Schmidt
 Marine Biologist
 Everglades National Park/Dry Tortugas National Park
 South Florida Natural Resources Center
 40001 SR 9336
 Homestead, FL 33034

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 31 17:55:37 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Cyanide fishing and its impacts on reefs
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Dear Listers,

Take a nice break from the RWD-vs-Parrotfish hypothesis, and watch the Discovery Channel Fri. Oct. 31, 9pm eastern standard time; the topic is cyanide fishing in the Philippines, and its damage to coral reef eco-systems.

This segment might get bumped, if a more important matter blooms. 90% sure it will air tonight. This segment was filmed in the Philippines, Isla Verde island. Dr. Goreau and myself were were working with Vaughn Pratt to bring awarness to this issue. They used Dr. T.J. Goreau film footage.

Happy Haloween!!

********************* *****************************
James M. Cervino Field Researcher
Dept. of Biology Global Coral Reef Alliance
St. Francis Preparatory School A non-profit organization
Fresh Meadows, N.Y. 11365 protecting and monitoring
 (718) 539-8155 the health of coral reefs
 ********************** ******************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 2 10:09:03 1997
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Date: Sun, 2 Nov 1997 10:09:52 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: course proposals for Pigeon Key
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Aplogies for any crosslistings.

Mote Marine Laboratory's
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center
Advanced Courses in Tropical Marine Sciences - 1998

Request for Course Proposals

Proposals are being solicited to instruct one-week courses at Pigeon Key
during the summer of 1998. Two courses will be held concurrently beginning
Saturday evening 15 August, 1998 and ending Friday evening, 21 August
(students leave the following morning). Instructors should be
well-established in their fields and prepared to offer an intensive,
hands-on course in their area of expertise. The course may concern any
area of tropical marine science and should focus on specific topics and
related techniques. The target audience includes advanced undergraduates,
graduate students and professionals desiring to obtain new skills. Courses
are limited to 12 participants and are selected from applicants by the
course instructor.

An assistant will be provided to help with laboratory activities and
operate the boat. A 27' boat will be available (3 days usage per course
which may be scheduled as full or half days). Teaching facilities include
the restored Section Gang Quarters, suitable for lecturing and some lab
activities, and a wet lab with running seawater system. Courses may or may
not involve SCUBA according to the instructor's needs. Accommodations will
be in Pigeon Key's newly-restored dormitory.

Instructors will receive an honorarium, travel allowance, room and meals
(room also provided for Friday, 14 Aug. to allow instructors set-up time).
A budget for photocopying and expendable supplies will be provided.
Prospective instructors should provide the following in their application
package:

1) letter of interest including a brief course description and whether
 SCUBA will be used
2) draft syllabus (courses begin with dinner on Saturday and end with
 breakfast the following Saturday)
3) a draft list of necessary equipment, expendable supplies, estimated
 photocopying needs (pages per student) and field sites (generic or
 specific) to be visited
4) any special or unusual needs
5) Curriculum Vitae

Deadline for proposals - 21 November, 1997
Notification of selected courses - 28 November, 1997
Course announcement for students - 5 December, 1997

Send proposals and direct inquiries to:

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory FAX: (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL 33050

Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
 http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 2 12:04:04 1997
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Date: Sun, 02 Nov 1997 10:05:55 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Call for photographs
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Request for photographs:

For a trade book on coral reefs and associated ecosystem (to be published by
John Wiley & Sons, April 1998) I'm looking for high-quality color
photographs. Unfortunately, I can't offer much for each picture used ($10
US). But if it's any help, photo credits will, of course, appear with each
picture. (Donated pictures are gratefully accepted!)

I still need photos of the following:

* General underwater photo of a coral reef showing the large diversity of
creatures.
* Hard coral (preferably an acroporid) with polyps prominently displayed.
* The "act" of blast fishing itself (as opposed to the results).
* Corals spawning, with gametes prominently shown.
* Bleached corals.
* Series showing sex/color change of female-to-male wrasse (initial to
terminal phases).
* Clown fish within anemone.
* Batesian mimicry--comet fish (Calloplesiops altivelis) and model moray eel
(Gymnothorax meleagris).
* Magnified coral tentacles showing zoox.
* Crinoids.
* Sea fans.
* Diadema antillarum.
* Blue bell tunicates or similar species (i.e., colorful).
* Butterfly fish with prominent false eye-spot.
* Overhead shot of sediment plume from river.
* Green sea turtle "hatchling frenzy".

Please let me know what you have before sending slides or negatives. All
photos will be returned.

Thanks, in advance, for any help.

Cheers,
Osha

Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Scholar Associate, International Programs, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 3 12:34:54 1997
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Date: Mon, 3 Nov 1997 10:41:20 -0500
To: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: November 5th USGCRP Seminar: "Global Warming and the Earth's Water Cycle: What
 Do the Changes Mean and Why be Concerned?" PLEASE NOTE TIME CHANGE.
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 U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series

 Global Warming and the Earth's Water Cycle:
 What Do the Changes Mean and Why be Concerned?

What is the Earth's water (hydrologic) cycle? Why is it important? How
has the Earth's hydrologic cycle changed? What is the evidence for these
observed changes? Are these changes natural or the result of the build-up
of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere? Are these changes consistent with
what climate models have predicted? What are the immediate and long-term
social and economic consequences of such changes? Are we presently
witnessing such consequences?

 Public Invited

 Wednesday, November 5, 1997, 11:00 AM-12:30 PM
 Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC
 Reception Following

INTRODUCTION

Dr. Elbert (Joe) W. Friday, Assistant Administrator, Office of Oceanic and
Atmospheric Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
Silver Spring, MD

SPEAKER

Thomas R. Karl, Senior Scientist, National Climate Data Center, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Asheville, NC

 OVERVIEW

The presence and availability of water is largely what makes the Earth
uniquely able to support life. Not only is water essential for life, but
its presence in the atmosphere significantly amplifies the greenhouse
effect. Its abundance in the oceans moderates the seasonal swing in
temperatures, and its distribution over the land determines the presence
and geographic extent of forests and deserts and occasionally brings floods
or drought. The Earth's water (hydrologic) cycle controls the
distribution of water, most importantly evaporating and distilling salt
water to create the fresh water that sustains life on land. While humans
often act to beneficially control and/or correct local and even regional
aspects of the water cycle such as runoff and soil moisture, the
inadvertent alteration of this global hydrologic cycle by human activities
will have many direct and indirect influences that significantly impact
society, the environment, and ecosystems upon which our own lives and
well-being depend.

 Global Warming and the Earth's Water Cycle

Increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gases resulting from the burning of
fossil fuels and the deforestation of forests have altered the composition
of the atmosphere, resulting in an increase in the amount of heat energy
trapped at or near the Earth's surface. This enhancement of the greenhouse
effect is increasing surface temperatures while provoking other changes in
climate as well. Both model results and observational evidence indicate
that roughly 80% of the net additional heat energy trapped at the Earth's
surface by the build-up of greenhouse gases is transferred back to the
atmosphere through increased evaporation of water from the land and ocean,
where condensation returns the additional heat to the atmosphere causing
warming, while enhancing precipitation. The remaining 20% of the net
additional heat from the enhanced greenhouse effect contributes directly to
warming of the surface and the lower atmosphere. Both contributions lead
to a general warming of the Earth's climate and to an increase in the water
vapor in the atmosphere (warming increases the atmosphere's water-holding
capacity), thereby further enhancing the greenhouse effect. Thus, the
trapped heat energy serves to accelerate the cycling of water (as water
vapor) from the surface to the atmosphere, and enhances the transfer of the
water vapor back to the surface as rain and snow (condensation and
precipitation). The increased availability of water vapor in the
atmosphere also leads to a significant increase in the energy available to
drive storms and associated weather fronts, therefore affecting rainfall
rates, precipitation amounts, storm intensity, and related runoff.

 The Observational Record of Changes Resulting from the
 Greenhouse-Enhanced Hydrologic Cycle

There is compelling observational evidence that the Earth's hydrologic
cycle has intensified during the past century as global temperatures have
increased. These results are consistent with climate model projections of
global warming resulting from the increase in greenhouse gas
concentrations. In general, the observed changes in the Earth's hydrologic
cycle suggest that focusing attention mainly on the temperature effects of
increased greenhouse gases (i.e., global and regional increases in the
Earth's surface temperature) provides an incomplete and, in some instances,
inadequate portrayal of the importance of climate change. This is so
because the evidence indicates that widespread increases in the intensity
of the hydrologic cycle may have more immediate and far-reaching ecological
and socio-economic impacts than those due to elevated temperature alone.

The observational evidence for an intensifying hydrologic cycle includes:

 A reduction in the day/night temperature range over land.
Nighttime temperatures have increased at almost twice the rate of daytime
temperatures since 1950 (roughly 0.9 degrees C versus 0.5 degrees C)
suggesting the influence of increased evaporative cooling during the daytime
(not unlike how body heat evaporates rubbing alcohol from one's skin,
leaving one's body somewhat cooled in the process). Rising nighttime
temperatures exacerbate heat waves and reduce the beneficial effects of
frost in killing pests.

 An increase in atmospheric water vapor. It is this change that enables
storms to generate more precipitation and it greatly amplifies the warming
influence of greenhouse gases.

 Precipitation amounts have increased in the mid and high latitudes, often
in excess of 10% since the turn of the century. This is especially
important because once soils become saturated, seemingly small increases in
rainfall can cause large increases in runoff, often resulting in floods.

 The observed increase in precipitation has been due in large part to a
disproportionate increase in heavy and extreme precipitation rates, as
projected by climate models used to calculate the effects of an enhanced
greenhouse effect.

 An increase in Northern Hemisphere storm intensity (outside of the
tropics) has been observed over the past few decades. This increases the
hazard risk along shorelines, especially as coastal populations continue to
increase.

In summary, many hydrologic indicators point to the conclusion that
temperatures are rising and the climate is changing. Changes in the
hydrologic cycle are also likely to have immediate impacts.

 Biography

Thomas R. Karl is the senior scientist for the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).
Tom has been engaged for many years in assembling and analyzing long-term
research of the climate and weather conditions (i.e., rainfall and
temperature) and in using these data sets to test the validity of climate
model projections.

Tom is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society and chairman of the
National Research Council's Climate Research Committee. He is also an
editor for the Journal of Climate and an associate editor for Climatic
Change. He has been a lead author on each of the Intergovernmental Panel
Assessments of Climate Change (IPCC) since 1990. He has also authored over
85 peer-reviewed journal articles, been co-author or co-editor on numerous
texts, and has published over 200 technical reports and atlases. He has
often been called upon by Congress and the White House to testify on and
explain matters related to climate variability and change. Tom is
currently the co-chair of NOAA's Decadal-to-Centennial Strategic Planning
Team.

During his tenure at the NCDC, Tom has received numerous awards for his
work on climate including the Helmut Landsberg Award, the Climate
Institute's Outstanding Scientific Achievements Award, the Department of
Commerce's Bronze and Gold Medals, and the NOAA Administrator's Award.

Tom holds a Masters Degree in Meteorology from the University of Wisconsin.

The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, December 8, 1997

 Planned Topic: Observed Climate Change in Alaska:
 Is This the Way Climate Change Will Occur?

For more information please contact:

Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, 400
Virginia Ave. SW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20024; Telephone: (202)
314-2235; Fax: (202) 488-8681 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.

Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 6 16:53:29 1997
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Date: Thu, 6 Nov 1997 15:56:42 -0500 (EST)
From: Sean Lyman <sjl3@acpub.duke.edu>
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: field sites
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Hello Coral Listers--

I am writing to seek guidance as to appropriate field sites for a
dissertation project that I'm planning. First, please allow me to
introduce myself--my name is Sean Lyman, and I'm working at the Duke
Marine Lab in Beaufort, NC, USA.

The project I'm planning is a first cut at evaluating whether marine
protected areas (MPAs) really do enhance surrounding fisheries given
enough time. The literature I've seen has been equivocal, and most (if
not all) evaluative projects were based on fishery landing data. I'd
like to take a different tack and take a shot at measuring larval export
out of protected areas.

The way I plan to do this is a two-component project. The first is a
suite of larval traps (like those in Doherty's work) strategically
positioned to measure larval import and export. The second is a basic
life-history analysis, determining age and size structure of fish
populations as well as growth rates and age at first reproduction. I
plan to look at a well-protected area, an exploited area, and an area
somewhere in between. Alternatively, I could use three reserves of
varying age. I believe that the combination of these two methods becomes
a powerful test of the larval export hypothesis.

For this experiment to be successful, however, I need to be clever about
choosing both target species and field sites. To make the larval trap
component work effectively, I need to find a site in an area of known and
simple flow regime. This area also needs to have sites with the three
levels of protection I mentioned above.

I write to seek the advice of those who may know of good locations to do
this research. I'm considering the Florida Keys, but I'm open to
consideration of any coral reef sites, though preferably in the
Atlantic. I'm also beginning to think about target species so if you can
offer advice on this I would also be appreciative.

Finally, I would like to invite anyone working on similar problems or
interested in this sort of project to contact me as discussions could
only prove helpful.

Thank you for your time, and I apologize for the lenth of this message.

Cheers,
Sean

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Sean J. Lyman
Duke University Marine Laboratory sjl3@acpub.duke.edu
135 Duke Marine Lab Road sean.lyman@duke.edu
Beaufort, NC 28516 USA

Phone: (919) 504-7565
Fax: (919) 504-7648

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov 8 10:42:31 1997
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Date: Fri, 7 Nov 1997 20:26:42 -0500
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Cyanide Fishing in the Caribbean???
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I received a request for information on cyanide-fishing in the Caribbean
from the World Bank. I indicated that this was not a serious problem in
the Caribbean, especially compared to the more serious problems of
over-fishing. However, they are still interested in signs of cyanide
fishing in the Caribbean. Was I correct that this is not a major problem
in the region? Does anyone have any information on this? Thanks! Jack
Sobel

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 00:32:32 1997
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From: "Nancy Osborne" <nano@doitnow.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: tourism impacts on coral reefs
Date: Sun, 9 Nov 1997 21:26:35 -0800
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I am interested in the relationship between tourism and coral reef health.

Does anyone know how much of the damage inflicted on coral reefs is due to
tourism?

Of this percentage, how much damage is caused by divers being in direct
contact with the reef (excluding anchor damage)?

Any information or leads to finding this information would be appreciated.

Cheers,
Nancy Osborne

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 04:09:41 1997
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Date: Mon, 10 Nov 1997 09:36:04 -0800
From: Peter van Treeck <van_treeck@uni-essen.de>
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Organization: Uni GH Essen, Institut fr Oekologie / Abt. Hydrobiologie
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: whale sharks
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Dear listers,
During my underwater work in the Red Sea several times a couple of whale
sharks (Rhincodon typus)came near observing us. I am quite sure that
these sharks communicate by deep sounds. Is that commonly known? Any
information would be greatly appreciated.
Cheers Pit
--
Peter van Treeck,
SUB-marine
Institute for Ecology/ Dept. Hydrobiology	Phone: 0049 201 183 3112
University of Essen, 45117 Germany		fax:	0049 201 183 2529

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 08:37:04 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Coral Disease Seminar
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Dear Listers,

Coral Epizootic Seminar: Main focus on Rapid Wasting Disease and Yellow Band. Distribution, transect data,microbiology and histology will be presented.

Held at Boston University, in Boston.

All of the coral diseases will be mentioned and shown on video and slides. If anyone is interested, please e-mail cnidaria@earthlink.net or amatthew@bu.edu.

**********************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave College Point
New York, NY 11356.
***********************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 11:05:23 1997
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Date: Mon, 10 Nov 1997 09:18:26 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, ecologia@mit.edu, marbio@mote.org
From: Guillermo Horta-Puga <horta@servidor.unam.mx>
Subject: Requesting Information
Cc: horta@servidor.unam.mx, mgbs@servidor.unam.mx, jltm@servidor.unam.mx,
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To All Coral Reef Community

Apologies for cross-postings

The Veracruz Reef System (VRS) constituted by more than 20 single reefs, is
situated off the port and city of Veracruz in the Gulf of Mexico. Because
of its unique location in front of one of the largest cities in the Western
Gulf of Mexico, VRS has been subjected to many threats from chemical
pollution to overfishing and so on. As you probably may know, Veracruz was
founded by the spanishman conquerer of Mexico, Hernan Cortes in 1519, and
soon becomes the most important via of communication between the colony of
New Spain and Europe. The city began an era of increased development by
early 17th century, which demands the construction of solid public
buildings and houses in order to resist the hard weather of the region, and
even pirate attacks. As there was no appropiate rock materials in the
vicinity of the city, men used hard corals (scleractinians) as
constructional blocks, which were named "Piedra de Mucar". The downtown,
the wall and some fortresses that surrounded the city by the 18th and 19th
centuries, were build with piedra de mucar obtained from the nearby reefs
of the VRS. Thousand of tons of coral rock were collected, for example in
the beginning of this century ca. 46000 cubic meters of coral rock were
extracted from the bottom of the Veracruz Bay by dredge vessels and were
used to landfill part of the actual dock area. The mexican historian Lerdo
de Tejada pointed out in the middle of the 18th century that -!!!almost
1106 buildings and houses were made with piedra the mucar and that a great
quantity of corals also were pulverized to be used as mortar!!!-. The
impact of building activities was enormous for the VRS and included the
partial destruction of the Gallega, Hornos and Caleta reefs.

In the present I and some colleagues are preparing a manuscript that resume
the information obtained from ancient maps, old navigation charts and
reports of construction, in order to evaluate, as long as possible, the
impact on the VRS and the change of reef morphology in the lasts five
centuries. Veracruz has been a very important port, and several dozens of
maps and/or navigation charts that included the morphology and position of
the reefs are available, and more or less give us an idea of the change. We
know that corals have been also used in other world areas as construction
blocks, some examples are: Some public buildings in the downtown of La
Habana, Cuba; the main piramid of the Tulum complex in the Mexican
Caribbean; and some islands in the Indopacific area. We need all the
information about this topic, so your kindly help will be appreciated.

Do you know about some other areas at which corals were used for construction?

Would you like to pointed me out about some literature regarding this topic?

Please do not hesitate to contact me for more information about the
environmental status of the VRS and any other information on the VRS.

Please answer directly to me.

Guillermo Horta-Puga

M. EN C. GUILLERMO HORTA-PUGA
INVEMAR, LAB. METROLOGIA, UBIPRO, IZTACALA
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTONOMA DE MEXICO
AP 314, TLALNEPANTLA, MEXICO 54000
TEL: +(52-5) 6231219, 6231212
FAX: +(52-5) 6231212
E-MAIL: horta@servidor.unam.mx

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 4 11:06:27 1997
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Date: Tue, 04 Nov 1997 23:58:01 -0800
From: Andreas Knobel <andreas@cc2000.kyoto-su.ac.jp>
Reply-To: andreas@cc2000.kyoto-su.ac.jp
Organization: Kyoto Sangyo University
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To: climate-l@mbnet.mb.ca
CC: aeroso-l@nic.surfnet.nl, amphibiandecline@ucdavis.edu,
 ARMCHAIR-SCIENCE@areacom.it, bene@straylight.tamu.edu,
 biodiv-l@ftpt.br, BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu,
 CARRIERPIGEON-L@cornell.edu, ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu,
 john.arnfield@osu.edu, CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com,
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Subject: COP3 in Kyoto : -20% campaign
References: <v02140b02b083a0457da3@[131.182.242.88]>
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The Kyoto Group of 21 together with Kiko Forum and the Japan
Environmental
Exchange have organised a postcard campaign in support of a 20% percent
reduction
in CO2 emissions from 1990 levels by 2005. The postcards will be
presented to
the conference on 30 November by 21 young people of 21 different ages
and from
21 different countries. Please support this campaign!

Visit our site

http://web.kyoto-inet.or.jp/org/s-world/cop3

Thank you.

Andreas Knobel
Japan Environmental Exchange

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 6 13:47:09 1997
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From: Esther Byford <estherb@orcinus.wcmc.org.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Reefs and Mangroves on the Web by WCMC
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Please accept our apolgies for any cross-posting

Coral Reefs and Mangroves on the Web by WCMC
 World Conservation
 Monitoring Centre

Please have a look at the brand new Coral Reefs and Mangroves web site
at the following address:
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/marine/data/coral_mangrove/

The web site includes a world map showing the distribution of coral
reefs and mangroves. Linked to this are maps showing both coral reefs
and mangroves for a number of countries, generated from the global
reef database. The site also includes educational texts and
photographs.

The web site is based on the successful poster map entitled "Coral
Reefs and Mangroves of the World" by WCMC. The poster map compliments
the recently published "Mangrove Atlas of the World" (available from
the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, College of
Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-01 Japan).

Both the poster and the web site are contributions to International
Year of the Reef.

--
Dr Edmund Green, Marine Programme Development Officer
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
Tel: +44 1223 277314; Fax: +44 1223 277136; Email:
ed.green@wcmc.org.uk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 12:29:36 1997
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From: "Griffis, Roger B" <Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov>
Subject: Senior Ecologist Seminar Series (Nov 18, Washington D.C.)
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SENIOR ECOLOGIST SEMINAR SERIES

The Ecological Society of America, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Association, Smithsonian Institution, and Environmental Protection Agency
invite you to attend

Multiple Stressors on Floridian Coral Reefs:
Lessons for a Sustainable Future

Presented by James W. Porter, Ph.D., University of Georgia

Tuesday, November 18, 1997
4:00-5:30 pm
Carmichael Auditorium
American History Museum
Constitution Avenue between 12 & 14 Streets NW Four blocks from Metro
Center

Background:
In response to growing threats to coral reefs around the world, 1997
has been declared the International Year of the Reef. One of the biggest
dangers to coral reefs is disease. New data from the Environmental
Protection Agency's Coral Reef Monitoring Program in the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary shows a significant increase in coral disease
infection. In fact, reports shows that the incidence of disease has
increased by 276% from 1996 to 1997 and that the number of species affected
with disease has increased by 211% in the same time span.

Co-principal investigator on the Florida Keys project, ecologist James
Porter, will present an overview of the current scientific understanding of
disease in coral reefs. Starting with data on the general conditions
required for optimal coral growth, Porter will discuss modifications to the
South Florida hydroscape in relationship to their potential harm to coral
reefs in the Florida Keys. Contrasting the effects of natural (Hurricane
Allen) versus anthropogenic disturbances (construction of the Flaggler
Railroad) in the watershed, his talk will explore the effects of multiple
stressors on coral physiology and ecology. Porter will also present data
on the alarming spread of new, virulent coral diseases.
*********************************

No RSVP necessary.
For more information please contact Rhonda Kranz by email at rhonda@esa.org
or by phone at (202) 833-8773.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 12:33:45 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Pascal Collotte <pascal.collotte@yale.edu>
Subject: Risk Assessment
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Hi coral-listers,

I am interested in conducting a risk assessment study on the effect of
destructive fishing in reef environments.
I would appreciate any reference, information and DATA on the subject.

If any one knows about published work on the subject, that would be of
great help as well.

Thanks for your cooperation,

Pascal Collotte

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 13:35:44 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Seminar on diseases
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Coral Disease Seminar........Boston University, Tuesday 11th, 1:00 pm, Sorry about not posting sooner!

**********************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave College Point
New York, NY 11356.
***********************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 17:28:28 1997
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Anyone have a short summary of 1997 International Year of the Reef events,
participants, and/or activties?

I have several interested parties wanting to report on how the Year went.

Thanks for your suggestions.

email: roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 10 19:06:37 1997
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TO THE CORAL LISTERS INTERESTED IN RAPID WASTING DISEASE AND PARROT FISH PREDATION

JAMES M CERVINO, GLOBAL CORAL REEF ALLIANCE .

We just received a message from a colleague who is tracking coral bleaching and diseases in Belize. A substantial presence of Parrot fish was evident from photographs and video that were taken. Colonies of Montastraea and Colpophyllia natans, did not show lesions representing RWD.

We are looking forward to meeting and collaborating with Dr. E. Weil, Drs. Burt & Lucy Williams and Andrew and Robin Bruckner of the University of Puerto Rico during December 97. Coral epizootics are on the rise in the recent decade, only to be confronted by a very small detected community of marine scientists. Only working together can we serve as a catalyst in understanding the devastating behavior and biology of these diseases. Only working together in the field and sharing the histology and microbiology data can we determine the differences between RWD and Parrot fish predation on reef building corals.

RESPONSE TO POSTING: "Unlikely a microorganism could modify the pH and maintain an acidity capable of dissolving calcium carbonate in sea water at such a rapid rate"

ANSWER: Fungi can secrete a wide variety of enzymes which degrade organic materials, especially complex carbohydrates, into smaller molecules that are readily absorbed as nutrients. Let's keep in mind that fungi move through granitic rock, which is composed of felsic igneous and metamorphic rock. Most fungi thrive at temperatures ranging from 20C to 35C, the pH at which fungi can grow varies widely, ranging from as low as 2.1 to as high as 9.6. Example of a fungus (not the same species as RWD) producing a low pH and eroding calcium carbonate: Aspirgillosis seafan disease.

TEMPERATURE AND RWD: From this year's data analysis of RWD, I have seen an increase in the spreading behavior of the pathogen during higher sea surface temperatures, this correlation between temperature and RWD must be investigated! A recent query for emergency funds has been brought forth to NOAA for emergency funding.

MICROBIOLOGY: conducted by Dr. Garriet Smith of University of South Carolina.
We have learned that this pathogen is fastidious and was difficult to grow on media. However, we are confident in the pathogen being fungal of origin. Much more work is needed for the identification of this pathogen.

HISTOLOGY: conducted by Dr. Ray Hayes of Howard University

Views of the coral tissue show the close association of the mycelium
with the epidermis. The fungal hyphae extend through the mucus and even
in between the epithelial cells. The epidermis itself shows disruption
of integrity as a sheet. The mucus released from mucoscytes does not
consolidate into a cohesive layer over the epithelium, and in places the
mucous layer is thin or absent.
The mesoglea appears intact, but cells of the gastrodermis are floating
around in mucus, indicating the separation of these cells from the
epithelium and the complete disruption of the tissues of the coral in
places. This exposes the skeleton to the fungus or its by-products.

WHY NOT PARROT FISH?
The septa-costae are eroded down to the paliform lobes just above the coenosteum. There is no breakage of the direction within the radial elements of the coralite, which would be evident if there were gouges from teeth marks. The matrix is just eroded, not broken .We understand the damage Parrot fish can inflict on reef building corals in the Caribbean, however, we are seeing two different phenomenon. These two different hypothesis must be compared and understood.

The intense investigation of RWD has just started in late January 97. Our detected team of researchers have been working countless hours in trying to put fourth the data results for the scientific community to see. I know there are unanswered questions regarding RWD and other coral reef epizootics, however funding for RWD and Yellow Band out side of US waters is zero, immediate help is needed. We will be in Bonaire during Thanksgiving for data collection.

All funds are provided for from teaching salaries, and with the help of Kalli DeMeyer of the Bonaire Marine Park and Ginger Garrison of the USGS in St. John. We would also like to thank Bob Shinners of Low Key Watersports of St. John for assisting us in SCUBA and location of RWD and other epizootics, and the DIVE ASSOCIATION in Grenada. I would also like to thank; Dr. Esther Peters, and Dr. Laurie Richardson for the collaboration and feedback of coral epizootics in the field today.

**********************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave College Point
New York, NY 11356.
***********************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 11 13:52:01 1997
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From: HOLTHUS Paul <PFH@hq.iucn.org>
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Carbon Sequestration in Coral Reefs and Mangroves
Date: Tue, 11 Nov 1997 16:35:50 +0100
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Coral Listers:

The Marine and Coastal Programme of the IUCN Meso-America Office is
seeking a few recent summary documents on:
 Carbon Sequestration in Coral Reefs and Mangroves

If anyone has relevant documents or references, we would be pleased if
you could forward these to:
Mr Nestor Windevoxhel
IUCN Regional Office for Meso-America
Apartado Postal 0146-2150
San Jose, Costa Rica

tel 506 236 2733
fax 506 240 9934
e-mail nwindevo@uicn.icr.co.cr

Thank you for your assistance

Paul Holthus
Paul Holthus
Mairne and Coastal Programme email: pfh@hq.iucn.org
IUCN-The World Conservation Union phone: 41 22 999-0251
28 rue Mauverney fax: 41 22 999-0025
CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 12 22:41:28 1997
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Date: Wed, 12 Nov 97 21:52 EST
From: Ernesto_J_QUINTERO@umail.umd.edu (eq1)
Subject: More comments on RWD
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Fellow coral-listers:

I have been following the RWD debate for some time now and as a marine
microbiologist, I would like to make some comments on a couple of items on
this issue.

Microbes can degrade/dissolve mineral surfaces (metals, rocks, etc.) by
several different mechanisms. Microbial induced corrosion is a topic that
has been (and still is) subject to a great amount of research.
Bacterially-mediated solubilization of minerals has been used by the mining
industry for decades for precious metal recovery and is also a source of
"natural" heavy metal pollution in abandoned mining sites.All these
processes have 2 things in common: they occur over an extended period of
time (weeks to months), they are usually localized to small areas (mm in
diameter).

This also appears to be the case for the example cited recently concerning
the ectomycorrhizal fungi hyphae penetrating granitic rock (See Rock-eating
fungi, Nature, Oct. 1997, 389:682-683) as a possible mechanism for coral
matrix degradation in RWD. It was cited in this paper that "hyphal tips
producing millimolar concentrations of organic acids could dissolve
calcium-rich plagioclase feldspars to form pores at rates of 0.3-30
micrometers/year". This process is too slow to account for the rapid
degradation of the coral skeleton observed in RWD cases (inches/day); it
would need to be several orders of magnitude more efficient to cause such
injuries. The putative fungal pathogen responsible for RWD would have to be
using a different, yet to be described, mechanism to dissolve the calcium
carbonate in corals.

It was mentioned in a recent posting that the coral matrix in RWD wounds was
"eroded, not broken". Did the microscopic examination of the matrix reveal
any pores and/or fungal hyphae penetrating the matrix?

The suspected etiologic agent of RWD must fulfill Koch's postulates (or a
modified subset of them if the causative agent cannot be grown in pure
culture) in order for it to be recognized as the causative agent of the
disease:
1. The organism should be present in all animals suffering from the disease
and absent from all healthy animals.
2. The organism must be grown in pure culture outside the diseased animal
host (not always possible in the case of pathogens with complex lifecycles,
viruses and nonculturable bacteria)
3. When such a culture is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host, the
animal must develop the symptoms of the disease.
4. The organism must be reisolated from the experimentally infected animal
and shown to be identical to the original isolate.

All 4 postulates were fulfilled in the recognition of Vibrio AK-1 infection
as the causative agent of bleaching of the Mediterranean coral Oculina
patagonica (Kushmaro et al. 1997. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 147:159-165), and a
modified subset of them met in the recognition of a bacterial pathogen as
being responsible for coralline lethal orange disease (CLOD) of crustose
coralline algae (Littler & Littler, 1995. Science 267:1356-1359).

If the putative fungal pathogen responsible for RWD is proving to be a
fastidious organism, does the transfer of a plug/core from a site of RWD
infection to a healthy coral result in infection of the new subject? Does
the addition of antimycotic agents to microcosms containing infected
individuals stop the progress of the infection?

It would be interesting to PCR-amplify (with fungi-specific primers) the
nuclear 18S, 5.8S and/or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the
ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) of the fungi found in RWD wounds to: a) Sequence
and obtain information on the molecular phylogeny of the microorganism, b)
obtain an RFLP fingerprint or unique DNA sequences suitable for probe design
to ascertain if the same putative etiologic agent is found in RWD material
collected from different specimens/locations.

My intention in posting the above comments is to contribute to the
scientific discussion on this topic, and should not be construed as a
personal affront or meant to impugn the opinion or research of other groups.

I would appreciate immensely if somebody could please point me to a
published reference on Aspergillus infection of sea fans. Thanks in
advance...

Ernesto J. Quintero, Ph.D.
Senior Research Scientist
Oceanix Biosciences Corp.
Hanover, MD 21076
Email: eq1@umail.umd.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 13 09:36:14 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Nov 1997 08:38:35 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Junk Mail
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Dear Coral-Listers,

I consider the recent posting by Dr. R. Westerfield and/or Professor
Harold Rogers via "crw@loop.com", regarding the "Ghana Distance Learning
Conference" to be totally counter to the content and intent of this
listserver. These types of messages, sent as mass, unsolicited junk
email, will not be tolerated (as much as I can help it), and I will do
everything I can to see that the perpetrators are removed from coral-list.
I wish I could do more, but I'm leaving it up to my Congressmen, whom I
hope will vote to disapprove of junk email being sent to U.S. Government
computers.

As far as I can tell, some or all of the following are responsible for
this latest transgression:

 Professor Harold Rogers
 President, AASP
 Chicago, IL 60603
 Ph: 312-443-0929; 773-684-7309; FAX: 773-684-6967

---
crw@loop.com
---
AASP@Juno.Com
---
AfricanEduTravel@Yahoo.Com
---
darkwa@tigger.cc.uic.edu
---

	It wouldn't bother me in the least if you voiced your
dissastisfaction to them--I did.

	Sorry for the inconvenience.

	Cheers,

	JCH

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 13 15:12:51 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Nov 1997 19:33:42 GMT
From: University of York Biology <avm100@york.ac.uk>
Subject: Rapid Assesment
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Dear All,

We are currently involved in a project which is comparing the Cost Effectiveness of
different Rapid Assesment Methods of coral reef cover. Specifically we are
comparing the sample size and hence the cost both in terms of time and of funding
required to detect different changes in coral cover.

Our report will also include a description of the different rapid surveying techniques
that we have assesssed. The methods that we are currently including are:

1. AIMS/GBRPA Manta Tow

2. Standardised visual inspection of 7x7m quadrats (as used at TMRU, York)

3. 1x1m photoquadrats analysed for larger corals (>15cm. diam) and by growth /
life-form only

4. 5x5m photoquadrats analysed for larger corals (>15cm. diam) and by growth /
life-form only

5. 1 metre wide video transects photoquadrats analysed for larger corals (>15cm.
diam) and by growth / life-form only

We would very much welcome any other suggestions as to methods which we
should include, whether peoples pet methods, or more widely used ones that we
have overlooked.

May I suggest you reply to me directly at the following e-mail, and I will distribute a
summary of responses on the the coral list in due course.

Thanking everyone for their assistance,

Annalie Morris
University of York
England
e-mail avm100@york.ac.uk

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 13 15:15:50 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Nov 1997 12:23:58 -0700 (MST)
From: LAMBRECHT CHRISTOPHER JAMES <lambrecc@ucsu.colorado.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral reef research opportunities for a budding scientist.
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	My name is christopher Lambrecht ans I am a gaduationg senior from
the University of Colorado @ Boulder. My studies have focused on marine
ecology, organism biology, and environmental studies. I have spent my time
at CU indepently researching topics such as beharioral efference in
cichlid fish, distribution of marine viruses with depth and plankton
abundance, copepod patchiness in lake systems, and most recently
anthropogenic stresses on La Ceiba reef in Mexico. i want to contribute to
the thorough understanding and effective preservation of the world's
diminishing reefs.
	In a month I am leaving for a eight week indepentdent research
project onm a heavily used and abused reef system in Mexico. After this
project is complete I am hoping to secure an internship or assistant
research position. PLEASE reply to this message if you can help me in ANY
way. My email address is lambrecc@ucsu.colorado.edu, and my phone number
is 303-440-1052. Please help a budding reef ecologist to contribute to
such a growing, and much needed field.
				Thank you.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 13 20:56:22 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Nov 1997 20:13:45 -0500
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Summary on Caribbean Cyanide Fishing
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Below is a copy of a question I posted on the list-serve for information
on Cyanide-fishing in the Caribbean and a summary of about a dozen
responses I received . I'm posting the summary in response to several
requests I received to share this information. Thanks to all who
responded with input. Jack Sobel, Center for Marine Conservation.

At 08:26 PM 11/7/97 -0500, I wrote:
>I received a request for information on cyanide-fishing in the Caribbean

>from the World Bank. I indicated that this was not a serious problem in

>the Caribbean, especially compared to the more serious problems of
>over-fishing. However, they are still interested in signs of cyanide
>fishing in the Caribbean. Was I correct that this is not a major
problem
>in the region? Does anyone have any information on this? Thanks! Jack

>Sobel
>
>
1. I am not aware of any cyanide-fishing in PR. We do have a serious
over-fishing problem. Also, we have many tropical fish collectors
operating with no rules or regulations (mostly quineldine as far as
I know). I cannot seem to get DNER interested in this problem, even
tho we advise them. There is some use of chlorox on the reefs in
holes to drive octopus out of hiding.
I hope this is of use.
Bert
Ernest H. Williams, Jr.
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
P.O. Box 908
Lajas, PR 00667-0908

phone (787) 899-2048 x 264
FAX 787-899-2630
home phone (787) 892-1746

2. Jack, I have never heard of cyanide fishing in the Caribbean.
Collectors use
quinaldinene for the collection of tropicals. I heard of some use of
bleach.
Hope this helps, billy causey

3. You are right that it is not a serious problem, especially compared
with the
Pacific. Nonetheless, there are occasional reports. I assume you have
checked reefbase on this. If not, I think the latest version has a map
which
shows all areas that have been cyanided.
Hope this is useful.
Best,
Stephen Colwell

4. Dear Jack -
I can only speak for the British Virgin Islands, but our situation there
is that no cyanide fishing has been observed at all. There has bee a
small amount of trouble with bleach fishing, esp. for lobsters.

Yours,

Annalie Morris

5. As far as I am aware, cyanide fishing is not an issue in Puerto Rico.
There is, however, evidence of quinaldine use by some ornamental fish
collectors. If anyone has indications of cyanide use, I would appreciate
it if they would share it with me!

--Craig
**************************************************
Craig G. Lilyestrom, Ph.D.
Chief, Fisheries Division
Department of Natural and Environmental Resources
P.O. Box 9066600
Puerta de Tierra, P.R. 00906-6600
(787) 725-8619, FAX: 723-2805
***************************************************
6. Out of 50 Caribbean sites surveyed for Reef Check 2 reports of poison
fishing were given. One for Columbia and one for Florida. Our sites were
biased with about 20 from Florida Keys so they are not representative of
what may be happening elsewhere.

However, cyanide is used to catch live fish to market in Asia -- thus
there may be a marketing problem with unfamiliar fish, not to mention
distance (cost) for export, that could be an impediment to Chinese
buyers working the Caribbean. For more info on Reef Check see the URL.

In return for this info, pls send me anything you find on commercial
harvest of sea cucumbers in the Caribbean. I have not been able to find
anything.

Regards,
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Research Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk
tel: (852) 2358-8568 fax: (852) 2358-1582
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html

7. Jack, I have never heard of a serious cyanide problem anywhere in the
islands. I once heard a rumor of this going on in Belize, but
unsubstantiated. Jack Carter might know.

Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215

e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax: 617-353-6340

8. Hi Jack,
That's my perception. Cheers.
John C. Ogden Director Phone: 813/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography Fax: 813/553-1109
830 First Street South St. Petersburg, Florida 33701

9. Jack, I am not aware that it is a problem, but I suggest you contact
Jim Bohnsack
or other colleagues in the fish game. The current meeting of GCFI in
Merida
would be the place to find out? Hope you are there.

Bob

Robert N. Ginsburg, Professor of Marine Geology, Rosenstiel School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami.
Mail: University of Miami, RSMAS-MGG, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL
33149
Phone: (305) 361-4875 FAX: (305) 361-4094 rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu

10. Jack: I've been studying reef problems in the Caribbean for several
years now,
and have never yet encountered a case of cyanide fishing. Just about
everything else.... but not cyanide.

You were correct in your statements to the WB.

Cheers,
Joe Dougherty
OCEAN Initiative
UC Berkeley Dept. Geography

11. Hi Jack, Ocean Voice International has been working on alternatives
to cyanide
collection of ornamental fishes since 1989 in the Philippines and kept
our ears open about its use elsewhere. We have never had any solid
evidence of its use in the Caribbean. Evidence of its use in southeast
Asia, on the other hand is soundly based, e.g. Philippines, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Taiwan, etc.

don

--
Don E. McAllister /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity
Ocean Voice International /Canadian Museum of Nature
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4
URL: http://www.ovi.ca E-mail: mcall@superaje.com
 (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613)
264-9204

12. Sorry, I don't have the information you're looking for, but would be
very
interested in the responses you get. Could you forward them, please?
Thanks,
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Scholar Associate, International Programs, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 13 23:06:41 1997
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Date: Thu, 13 Nov 1997 22:32:49 -0500
To: reefkeeping@athiel.com, marinefish@athiel.com,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Albert Thiel <albert@athiel.com>
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The web site has been updated for 11/14

Added: final results of Reef Temp survey (all responses received up to
20.00 11/13)
Added: Update 50 on the Clown Trigger and how he is being treated for
Velvet disease and what appears to work when fish have this very hard to
cure disease. The actual beginning of the disease part is Update 37 and
onwards
Added: Part III of Adding Animals to the Tank to the NetClub Library.

Early update for tomorrow as I will be out in the AM.

Albert

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 14 02:44:02 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Nov 1997 09:03:37 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, dstead@csm.ex.ac.uk, rverann@csm.ex.ac.uk,
 chrisgordon@ighmail.com, J.Rubin@plymouth.ac.uk,
 ecopozos@santamarta.cetcol.net.co
Subject: Virus (non-coral!) warning - Reply
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Caricomp - Invemar Colombia <caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
forwarded the following burble from the MANGROVE list to the
CORAL-LIST:

>> "WARNING!!! If you receive an e-mail titled "JOIN THE CREW"
>> DO NOT open it! It will erase EVERYTHING on your hard
>> drive! Send this letterout to as many people you
>> can....this is a new virus and not many people know about
>> it! This message was received this morning from IBM, and
>> the Army National Guard, please share it with anyone that
>> might access the Internet."

I have posted this before, and I post it (yet) again - now listen up:
messages of this type warning you of virus emails ARE A HOAX.

I have found that the best way to deal with mail warning me of a deadly
computer virus is to fire up my Web browser and head on over to the
Computer Virus Myths page at Rob Rosenberger's Web site. It always
has the latest information to debunk all of these urban legends.

<http://www.kumite.com/myths/home.htm>

Or head on over to the CIASC Internet Hoaxes site:

<http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/CIACHoaxes.html>

I write up a reply to the sender and everyone who the message was
sent to, including the information from the site as well as the address.
That way, I shouldn't have to worry about getting that same message
again from mutual friends who are looking out for me.

==============================

Note (see how these things spread?):
-------

CC'd to: rverann@csm.ex.ac.uk (who started all this by sending it to....

dstead@csm.ex.ac.uk (who sent it to......

J.Rubin@plymouth.ac.uk (who sent it to....

chrisgordon@ighmail.com (who sent it to.....

"Mangrove Research Discussion List" (from where it landed in the inbox
of....

ecopozos@santamarta.cetcol.net.co (and....
caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co (who sent it to the CORAL-LIST....

coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov

....PHEW!

********************************************
Jan L. Korrubel

Department of Applied Mathematics
University of Natal
Private Bag X01
3209 Scottsville
Pietermaritzburg
South Africa

Tel: (++27-331) 2605992
Fax: (++27-331) 2605648

********************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 14 11:44:18 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Nov 1997 11:06:55 -0500
From: Sam Jones <samjones@idt.net>
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: seminar announcement
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Fellow coral-listers:

A Coral Reef Seminar will be held at the Aquarium for Wildlife
Conservations Osborn Laboratories of Marine Science.

Aquarium Address: Boardwalk at West 8th St.
 Brooklyn, NY 11224

Seminar Title: A Description of Rapid Wasting Disease, Yellow Band
Disease, and Other Epizootics of Caribbean
Corals

Presenter: James Cervino, Global Coral Reef Alliance

Date: Wednesday, Nov. 19 at 4:00p.m.

If you have any questions, contact Sam Jones at (718)265-3430/
samjones@idt.net or Dr. Dennis Thoney at (718)265-3436/ dthoney@idt.net.

Sincerely,
Sam Jones
Coral Culture Laboratory
Aquarium for Wildlife Conservation

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 14 14:48:42 1997
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Date: Fri, 14 Nov 1997 14:12:55 +0500 (GMT)
From: Coleccion de referencia - Invemar <colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: echinoderms photographs
In-Reply-To: <n1332628188.53960@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
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Dear everybody:

Can anyone tell me How do you take photographs in field cruises of
echinoderms? or any reference about this topic?

Thanks in advance,

Silvia Moreno
INVEMAR- Colombia

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 18 09:29:20 1997
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From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: BALLESTEROS - 19xx - Botanica Marina*..?????
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Fellow CORAL-LIST'ers,

I have yet another of these incomplete references. Can anybody supply
the full (and CORRECT) reference for the following paper:

BALLESTEROS, E. 19xx. A record of blue-*green algae found on coral
reefs in Mauritius. Botanica Marina*..

The date I have for the paper is 1995, but we have _Botanica Marina_
here, and it's not in the 1995 editions......I have checked the author index
tables back to 1985 for _BM_ and this paper doesn't appear. So maybe
the journal is also incorrect.

I'd be grateful if anybody can help out.

TIA,

Jan Korrubel.

University of Natal
South Africa.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 18 13:00:59 1997
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Date: Tue, 18 Nov 1997 09:30:50 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Photo of zoox
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Thanks to all photographers who responded to my initial request for photos.
One is proving hard to find: does anyone have a really great shot of a coral
polyp magnified to show the zoox inside? The only one I've found is with a
professional photo service and would cost an arm and a leg and I'm far
beyond my budget now.

Thanks for any help.
Cheers,
Osha

Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA

+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Scholar Associate, International Programs, University of Iowa

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 18 14:18:09 1997
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Date: Tue, 18 Nov 1997 13:27:21 -0500 (EST)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
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To: pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu
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Subject: Galapagos - Bleaching?
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SST have reached new highs around Galapagos -- nearly 28 deg C. Our
HotSpot charts [see bottom for URL] show potential now exists for high
temp induced bleaching, associated with present El Nino. This is the 1st
time SSTs have been this high a several years.

Elsewhere around the globe potential areas for bleaching appear to be less
than past years...as the Red Sea HotSpot has almost completely
disappeared. [Have gotten no confirmation of bleaching in Cape Verdes, as
conditions are now a bit less harsh.]

Appreciate any feedback.

Cheers,
Al
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
				Alan E. Strong
Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Professor
 NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			 US Naval Academy
 NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		 Oceanography Department
 -- US Postal Service -- -- UPS/FedEx -- Annapolis, MD 21402
 4700 Silver Hill Road 5200 Auth Road 410-293-6566[V-mail]
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 Washington, DC 20233-9910			 strong@nadn.navy.mil
		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov		 ---UNTIL: 31 Dec 1997--
 301-763-8102 x170	FAX: 301-763-8108
 http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 19 21:24:04 1997
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Date: Wed, 19 Nov 1997 17:21:49 -0800 (PST)
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Sarah Quentin/Greg Grantham <squentin@mcn.org>
Subject: email address for Guam/Palau
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I apologize to the members of this list in advance, but I'm at wits end. I
have a friend/colleague in Palau that I am anxious to reach, but apparently
I have the server address wrong. I have tried every possible (I think)
configuration of upper and lower case lettering but have been repeatedly
unsuccessful. Does anyone know the email address of Palau Community College?
It should be something like "pcc.guamnet". Can anyone help me????
Thanks.
Greg Grantham
Marine Studies
College of the Redwoods
1211 Del Mar Dr.
Fort Bragg, CA 95437
Greg Grantham & Sarah Quentin
email: squentin@mcn.org
-----------------------------

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 19 21:57:04 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alfonso Cuevas Jimenez <acuevas@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx>
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Dear coral-listers,

I am in a rush, I need to find out the next COMPLETE reference:

Aronson, Richard B. and Swanson, Dione W. 19??. Video survey of coral reefs:
uni- and multivariate application. Proccedinngs of the 8th International
Coral Reef Symposium.

Thank you in advance

Ocean. Alfonso Cuevas-Jimenez
Laboratorio de Bentos
CINVESTAV-IPN-Unidad Merida
Antigua Carretera a Progreso Km. 6
Apartado Postal 73, Cordemex C.P. 97310
Tels: (99) 81-29-05
FAX: (99) 81-29-17

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 20 08:12:36 1997
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Subject: Bleaching on Grand Cayman
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 97 07:17:59 -0500
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Dear Coral Listers--

My wife Deborah and I just returned from 5 days in Grand Cayman (actually
our first time diving on the "Big" Island -- we've been to Cayman Brac
and Little Cayman several times).

The prevailing winds made it necessary to dive the North Side of the
Island our first two days there, and while the wall formations were
spectacular, we couldn't believe the amount of coral bleaching ocurring
in the colonies of Montastraea faveolata (Mountainous Star
Coral--including the Flatten Plate Morphotype)! We estimated (using
admittedly unscientific methods) that between 50 and 60% of these
colonies were effected at the five (5) North Wall dive sites we dove!
Interestingly, we saw hardly any bleaching on the same kinds of coral
colonies on the West Wall.

I've been diving in the Carribean for fifteen years and have never
observed such a wide-spread bleaching event.

Is the scientific community aware of this going on on Grand Cayman's
North Wall? I haven't read anything about it, but it was the most
obvious and widespread case of coral bleaching I've ever seen.

Please let me know if there is any information on this subject available.
 Thanks!

Sincerely,

Jason DeSalvo

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 20 13:22:10 1997
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 CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: latest climate update
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Just a few short weeks remain before Kyoto. My update on the climate
negotiations so far has just been posted on the Liberty Tree website.
Please check it out if you have any interest in the different positions
taken by the world's governments, the reasons for some of these
differences, and all the latest on the science and politics of global
warming at:
http://www.libertytree.org/Trenches/climate/climlit.html

Also check out the Liberty Tree home page if you'd like to learn more
about a whole variety of other environmental issues, including an
informative and often very amusing daily column by Conn Nugent on
ecosubjects near and far:
http://www.libertytree.org/contents3.html

Please forward this note to any interested friends and to any relevant
news groups, and let me know if there are any developments I should
mention in next month's column. Thanks,

Leonie Haimson
Climate reporter
Liberty Tree Website
leonie@worldnet.att.net

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Date: Thu, 20 Nov 1997 16:47:20 -0800
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--------------1A2E4BEE5222--

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 21 12:21:23 1997
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Message-ID: <3475DED3.38D0@tivoli.si.edu>
Date: Fri, 21 Nov 1997 11:19:47 -0800
From: Education Office <BilgrayA@tivoli.si.edu>
Organization: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
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The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) in the Republic of
Panama offers fellowships in tropical biology fro research based at its
facilities.

Annual 3-year postdoctoral fellowship. Annual stipend in $28,000 with
yearly travel and research allotments (deadline: Jan15).
Three-month fellowships. For graduate students (deadline: Feb15, May15,
Aug15 and Nov15). Both offered directly by STRI, for information:
http://www.stri.org or fellows@tivoli.si.edu

Predoctoral, postdoctoral, senior postdoctoral (1-year) and 10-week
fellowships.
Molecular Postdoctoral 2-Year Fellowship (deadline: Jan15). For
information contact Office of Fellowships & Grants at 955 L'Enfant Plaza,
Suite 7000, Washington DC 20560 or see e-mail: siofg@ofg.si.edu or
http://www.si.edu/research+study

3-Year Tupper Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute
The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI), in the Republic of
Panama, invites applications for the annual Tupper three-year
postdoctoral fellowship. Disciplines may include ecology, anthropology,
paleontology, evolution, behavior and physiology of tropical plants or
animals. Research should be based at one of the STRI facilities;
proposals that include comparative research in other tropical countries
will be considered.

Applications should include a detailed research proposal (less than 10
pages including budget), a curriculum vitae, two letters of reference,
and names and telephone numbers of three additional professional
references. Applicants should identify a STRI scientific staff member who
will serve as their advisor and consult this person before submitting
final application. Annual stipend is $28,000 with yearly travel and
research allotments. Send application by Jan. 15 1998 to: 3-Year Tupper
Postdoctoral Fellowship, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit
0948, APO AA 34002-0948, Fax (507) 232-5978, E-mail:
FELLOWS@TIVOLI.SI.EDU

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 26 22:52:58 1997
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Date: Wed, 26 Nov 1997 21:19:37 -0600
From: Rodrigo Garza <rodgarza@acnet.net>
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Hi all of you... first an apologize for those who already read this post
at marbio and marine_pathol...
Thanx for taking the time in reading this... i'm acomplishing a project

protocol about Black band disease, white band disease and coral
bleaching... if you have any info about it please send it to me!!
I already have a lot of references.. but if you have abstracts, full
articles or URL's where i can gather this info i'll be very grateful to
recive 'em!...
Thank you again...
Greetings from Mexico
--
Biologo Marino
Joaquin Rodrigo Garza Perez.
C. 47 # 495 x 18
Fracc. Sol Campestre.
Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
C.P. 97119
tel/fax: (99) 44-15-85
 intl: 52 (99) 44-15-85
e-mail: rodgarza@acnet.net
 joaquing@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx
 rodgarza@pibil.finred.com.mx
 wetsuit@hotmail.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 27 13:47:20 1997
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Message-ID: <347DA8F8.10AA@mobile.gulf.net>
Date: Thu, 27 Nov 1997 11:08:08 -0600
From: Flo Thomas <fthomas@mobile.gulf.net>
Organization: Dauphin Island Sea Lab
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Post-doc available for 2-2.5 years. The position is to work on an NSF funded
project to explore the role of hydordynamic stresses on the fertilization ecology of
free-spawning marine invertebrates. The research is very interdisciplinary and could
be appropriate for someone trained in any of the following areas: biomechanics,
reproducive ecology, systematics, molecular and cellular structure of gametes. Below
is a description of the research. If you are interested please contact, Dr. Florence
Thomas, fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, P.O. Box 369, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528.

Research description:

	Free-spawning organisms release eggs and sperm directly into the water column
posing a particular set of obstacles to successful reproduction. First, after release
from the adults, gametes must survive physical stresses present in the external
environment. Second, sperm must meet eggs -- the probability of which decreases with
dilution rates of gametes in sea water. Third, the fertilized eggs must undergo
normal embryonic development.
	The research is to investigate the possibility that eggs have undergone
selection for specific properties that help overcome hydrodynamic stresses by: (1)
reducing damage and loss of eggs; (2) decreasing rates of dilution after spawning; and
(3) reducing abnormal development of eggs exposed to physical stress. The aim of this
research is to further our understand of the importance of hydrodynamics and physical
stress to fertilization biology of free-spawning organisms.

	This research program integrates biomechanics and an analysis of cell
structure within a phylogenetic context. Physical properties of eggs (viscosity,
Youngs modulus and compressive strength, and dilution rates), and physical exposure
of adult habitats are being measured using techniques from biomechanics. Light and
electron microscopy are being used to characterize specific egg traits, (thickness,
organic content, and ultrastructure of jelly coats and other egg features).
Phylogenetic and statistical analyses are being used to test the hypothesis that
physical stresses have led to selection for specific gamete properties. The plan is
to determine if there is a general pattern in the relationship between egg properties
and adult habitat characteristics. We will then compare these patterns for geminate
species across the Isthmus of Panama to establish causality.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 28 11:54:00 1997
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Date: Fri, 28 Nov 1997 11:54:32 -0500 (EST)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Sender: hendee@nuwave
To: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef mass bleaching due to CO2 rise (fwd)
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This message was too long, and was curtailed for the coral-list archives:

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 28 Nov 1997 15:04:01 +0100
From: Jean-Pierre Gattuso <gattuso@naxos.unice.fr>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef mass bleaching due to CO2 rise

This message is posted on behalf of:

<paraindent><param>right,left</param>Martin PECHEUX, 8, rue Dante,
06000 Nice FRANCE

E-mail : martinpecheux@minitel.net

Phone : (33) 493 444 938

</paraindent>

Please send all messages directly to him.

---------------------------------------------

Here are one chapter and descriptions of experiments upon the relation
between bleaching and CO2 rise. They are taken from the
(english-uncorrected) new version of my "Review on Coral Reef
Bleaching", to be published in Atoll Research Bulletin (214p.). The old
version can be found at
www.essi.fr/~sander/articles/Misc/Coral_Reef.html. Thanks for
comments.

THE CO2-PHOTOINHIBITION HYPOTHESIS

We will now summarize our hypothesis that the recent worldwide mass
bleaching is due to the CO2 rise through symbiont PS II
photoinhibition. We came to this conclusion in time when CO2 and PS II
were not edvoked, but after a carefull integration of all the available
data (1992 first version of this report, Pcheux, 1993, 1994). Contrary
to common scientific problematic, reef mass bleaching, a global
question, must be understood from connections and convergences of all
science disciplines, from biochemistry to physiology, ecology,
oceanography, planet systems and geology, as we tried to do in this
review.

[ etc. ]

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 28 12:38:57 1997
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Date: Fri, 28 Nov 1997 11:53:00 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Long Messages; Abstracts Proposed
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The length of acceptable messages for coral-list has been changed to
50,000 characters to prevent over-burdening the coral-list listserver
workstation, and the sending of exceptionally long messages, which would
perhaps be better transmitted via FTP, the Web or, of course, journals!

For journal articles and seminars on coral-related subjects, I believe it
would be most helpful and informative to post abstracts, if you, as
author, feel so inclined. I want to thank Dr. Judy Lang for this
exceptional idea!

If you feel 50,000 characters is too little (or too much!) for this
listserver, please let me know (hendee@aoml.noaa.gov).

	Take care...

	JCH
	coral-list administrator

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 3 13:15:18 1997
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Date: Wed, 03 Dec 1997 17:10:46 +0000
From: Mark Spalding <marks@wcmc.org.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, mangrove@essun1.murdoch.edu.au
Subject: Coral reef and mangrove maps
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Please accept our apolgies for any cross-posting

Coral Reefs and Mangroves on the Web by WCMC
 World Conservation
 Monitoring Centre

Please have a look at the brand new Coral Reefs and Mangroves web site
at the following address:
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/marine/data/coral_mangrove/

The web site includes a world map showing the distribution of coral
reefs and mangroves. Linked to this are maps showing both coral reefs
and mangroves for a number of countries, generated from the global
reef database. The site also includes educational texts and
photographs.

The web site is based on the successful poster map entitled "Coral
Reefs and Mangroves of the World" by WCMC. The poster map compliments
the recently published "Mangrove Atlas of the World" (available from
the International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems, College of
Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-01 Japan).

Both the poster and the web site are contributions to International
Year of the Reef.

--
Dr Edmund Green, Marine Programme Development Officer
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
Tel: +44 1223 277314; Fax: +44 1223 277136; Email:
ed.green@wcmc.org.uk

Mark D. Spalding
Marine Research Officer
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road Tel: +44
(0)1223 277314
Cambridge CB3 0DL Fax: +44
(0)1223 277136
United Kingdom
e-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk
or
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit
Department of Geography
University of Cambridge
Downing Place
Cambridge, CB2 3EN
United Kingdom

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 3 18:47:26 1997
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Date: Thu, 4 Dec 1997 09:08:53 +1000 (EST)
From: Vicki Hall1 <Vicki.Hall1@jcu.edu.au>
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Tropical Marine Field Stations
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Dear Coral List Members,

I am compiling information on the location, facilities and fee structure
of Coral Reef Research Stations from around the world and would like to
enlist your help in this endeavour. If you can be of assistance in this
regard please reply directly to my email address: Vicki.Hall@jcu.edu.au

My sincere thanks in advance for any details on this topic,

Vicki Hall.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 4 06:09:13 1997
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Hi Coral-listers:

I would like to clarify the background about a recent message posted on
coral-list.

Martin Pecheux has a slow internet access and asked me to post a document
regarding coral bleaching on his behalf. I did so but forgot to properly
configure Eudora and my signature file appeared at the end of his message.

For the record, I do not endorse Martin's hypothesis on the role of
increased pCO2 as a natural bleaching agent. In fact, I have serious
reservations about his ideas and experiments. However, I am a believer of
the freedom of speech and broadcasted his message as he requested.

JPG

-------------------
Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Observatoire Oceanologique Europeen, Av. Saint-Martin, MC-98000 Monaco
Voice: +377 93153600 - Fax: +377 93505297 - <mailto:gattuso@unice.fr>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 4 11:56:38 1997
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Date: Thu, 04 Dec 1997 11:07:13 -0500 (EST)
From: Ellen Shaw <eshaw@emerald.tufts.edu>
Subject: coral reef policy information
In-reply-to: <s48592a5.068@wcmc.org.uk>
To: Mark Spalding <marks@wcmc.org.uk>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, mangrove@essun1.murdoch.edu.au
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Dear coral-listers:

I'm working on a tight deadline for a general paper regarding coral reef
conservation issues, and would very much appreciate any leads you can
give me on international, inter-governmental policy designed for
preservation of coral reef systems, particularly in the Caribbean.

In addition, if anyone out there needs similar information, I will be
happy to pass on any leads I get.

Thanks for your help.

Ellen Shaw
The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy
eshaw@emerald.tufts.edu

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 5 07:10:03 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Francesca Marubini <f.marubini@iol.it>
Subject: coral trade
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Dear coral-listers,

I would like to know what is the general opinion on the increasing trade in
hermatypic corals for private aquaria. Is it regulated by any international
law? If it is illegal to collect corals in many countries, why is it legal
(at least in UK and Italy, where I have checked) to import and sell live
coral which presumably comes from natural reefs? Are there any 'coral farms'?

Sincerely
Francesca Marubini

please reply directly to me at : f.marubini@iol.it

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 5 10:41:25 1997
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Date: Fri, 05 Dec 1997 09:33:57 -0500
From: Don McAllister <mcall@superaje.com>
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Francesca Marubini wrote:

> I would like to know what is the general opinion on the increasing trade in
> hermatypic corals for private aquaria.

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) controls hard
coral trade under Appendix II. Thus trade is allowed but must be accompanied by
proper export and import certificates. Trade out of some countries is declining
and indeed forbidden. Trade in live corals out of Indonesia to EU has grown from
3,629 pieces in 1990 to 59,107 pieces in 1995 according to TRAFFIC Europe.

> Is it regulated by any international
> law? If it is illegal to collect corals in many countries, why is it legal
> (at least in UK and Italy, where I have checked) to import and sell live
> coral which presumably comes from natural reefs?

Of course there are the usual problems with corruption and faking on CITES
permits.

> Are there any 'coral farms'?

Some public aquaria are successfully breeding and sharing pieces of coral which
can be grown by others. Ocean Voice's quarterly bulletin, Sea Wind, had an
article on a coral farm in Indiana, U.S.A. Of course, according to the
International Convention on Biological Diversity, benefits derived from
components of biodiversity should be shared with the country of origin; that
requirement offers encouragement to the country of origin to continue protecting
its species from undue exploitation or extinction caused by undue development.

don
--
Don E. McAllister /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity
Ocean Voice International /Canadian Museum of Nature
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4
URL: http://www.ovi.ca E-mail: mcall@superaje.com
 (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 264-9204

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 5 14:57:54 1997
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From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
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To: Francesca Marubini <f.marubini@iol.it>
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Francesca,

Corals are protected by the Convention on the International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES). However, countries such as Indonesia and
Fiji have not signed this treaty. Corals can be collected and shipped out
of these countries legally to the United States and elsewhere although
some documentation that the collecting has not harmed the natural
population is required by the US Fish & Wildlife Service. I'm not an
expert on this area but that is my general understanding.

As for Coral Farms, we have one here and there are several others
operating in the United States. Under the right conditions (either
artifical or natural as in our case), Acropora corals and other branching
species are about as difficult to grow as crabgrass and with growth rates
up to 20cm per year we have more of a problem disposing of the excess
growth. We began growing corals here in 1977 and now maintain 75
species (including some of the original colonies). We provide living
corals to researchers (most recently for toxicology tests), and to other
public aquariums in the US. Many public aquariums in the US are beginning
to grow their own corals and this trend will increase as our techniques
continue to improve.

For anyone else out there receiving this message, the Waikiki Aquarium is
not a commerical supplier of corals. We do not have enough staff to
pack and ship corals to everyone who asks for them.

Bruce Carlson
Waikiki Aquarium
*********************************************

On Fri, 5 Dec 1997, Francesca Marubini wrote:

> Dear coral-listers,
>
> I would like to know what is the general opinion on the increasing trade in
> hermatypic corals for private aquaria. Is it regulated by any international
> law? If it is illegal to collect corals in many countries, why is it legal
> (at least in UK and Italy, where I have checked) to import and sell live
> coral which presumably comes from natural reefs? Are there any 'coral farms'?
>
> Sincerely
> Francesca Marubini
>
> please reply directly to me at : f.marubini@iol.it
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 5 15:49:07 1997
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Date: Fri, 5 Dec 1997 14:23:41 -0500
From: Douglas Fenner <DFenner@compuserve.com>
Subject: Re: coral trade
To: coralist <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
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 I would like to add to what has already been said on the coral trade
that in some locations the sale of coral is legal as long as it was not
collected locally. So, in the Cayman Islands, collecting black coral is
strictly illegal, but the sale of black coral jewelry from imported coral
is quite legal and widely advertised. I believe in Florida the sale of
Florida corals is illegal, but the shops are full of imported corals.

 Second, I would point out that customs officials may feel they have
higher priorities than searching for corals, such as looking for drugs and
agricultural pests that can cost a country billions; they may be
understaffed to do much more. However, officials have recently decided to
search packages going to the Smithsonian coral collection for scientific
work and demand full paperwork for corals donated years ago. Corals
weighing a few grams dredged from 2000 m depth for scientific purposes
require the same paperwork as a truckload of reef corals going to a shell
shop for sale as door stops. It would seem that the letter of the law is
being enforced instead of the spirit. Hampering scientific work may not
assist conservation.

 You can read about aquarium-grown corals for sale at the following web
site: http://www.reefscience.com/hard.html

Doug
Douglas Fenner DFenner@compuserve.com

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 5 20:56:46 1997
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Date: Sat, 6 Dec 1997 02:20:53 +0100 (MET)
Message-Id: <199712060120.CAA28340@smtp1.minitel.net>
From: martinpecheux@minitel.net (MARTIN PECHEUX)
Reply-To: martinpecheux@minitel.net
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: SEAWATER CHEMISTRY SOFTWARE
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Freeshare software.
I have written a simple software
application for the carbonate
system (pCO2, CO2, HCO3, CO3, Total
C, Alk, pH NBS/SW with T, S for
seawater, UNESCO 1987 standard
equations), CaCO3, O2, CO2
solubilities, CO2 hydratation
dynamic, T-S-depth density and CCD,
specific heat (UNESCO 1981) and
polynomial approximations.
Application and source code (Think
Pascal) for Macintosh or PASCAL
source for PC. Send me your mail,
I'll send you a diskette.
At your service

Martin Pecheux

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 7 13:54:04 1997
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Date: Sun, 7 Dec 1997 19:07:42 +0100 (MET)
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From: martinpecheux@minitel.net (MARTIN PECHEUX)
Reply-To: martinpecheux@minitel.net
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: WHO KNOW PC PASCAL (SW CHEMISTRY)
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I receive many demands for my
seawater chemistry software
(accurate in reefs of course), but
a majority from PC users...while
mine is in Think Pascal (modular)
for Macintosh.
Thus for them, best first is if
there is someone who programs any
PC PASCAL builts once this
application. From source code, the
work will be not very great.
Thanks
Martin Pecheux

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 8 19:50:14 1997
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Date: 08 Dec 1997 17:34:20 -0500
From: Tom Hourigan <Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov>
To: f.marubini@iol.it (IPM Return requested),
 carlson@soest.hawaii.edu (IPM Return requested)
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov (IPM Return requested),
 Nancy Daves <Nancy.Daves@noaa.gov> (IPM Return requested)
Subject: Re[2]: coral trade
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 Just a small correction on the discussion posted on corals and the
 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and
 Fauna (CITES). As noted by Don McAllister, most corals are included
 in CITES Appendix II. This includes all species in the Orders
 Coenothecalia (e.g., blue corals), Antipatheria (black corals),
 Scleratinia (the reef-building stony corals); and all species in the
 families Tubiporidae, Milleporidae (e.g., the fire corals) and
 Stylasteridae.

 Appendix II of CITES regulates trade in species not threatened with
 extinction, but which may become threatened if trade goes unregulated.
 This is in contrast with Appendix I, which protects threatened
 species (e.g., rhinos) from all international commercial trade.

 An exporter must obtain a CITES export permit for each shipment from the
 national CITES authority (in the U.S. this is the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
 Service). In order to issue an export permit, the CITES authority must two
 findings:

 1) A scientific finding of non-detriment indicating that export is
 unlikely to be detrimental to the survival of the species; and
 2) A finding that the specimens were acquired legally.

 When properly applied, CITES can be one of the most important tools to
 help countries sustainably manage their natural heritage. Full
 implementation, however requires good training and enforcement - which
 is often difficult for developing countries with limited resources. It
 is likely that corals are lower on the list of priorities for many
 countries than are more easily visible terrestrial species.

 Fiji is due to become a Party to CITES before the end of the year, at
 which time CITES will have 143 members. Indonesia IS a Party, having
 ratified in 1979. Fijian government officials are concerned about the
 growing trade in corals, as are an increasing number of scientists and
 and resource managers in many countries.

 Hope this is helpful,

 Tom
________________________________________________

 Thomas F. Hourigan, Ph.D.
 Biodiversity Specialist
 Office of Protected Resources
 NOAA/NMFS
 1315 East-West Highway
 Silver Spring, MD 20910
 Tel: (301) 713-2319; Fax: (301) 713-0376
 Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov

______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________
Subject: Re: coral trade
Author: carlson@soest.hawaii.edu at EXTERNAL
Date: 12/5/97 2:21 PM

Francesca,

Corals are protected by the Convention on the International Trade in
Endangered Species (CITES). However, countries such as Indonesia and
Fiji have not signed this treaty. Corals can be collected and shipped out
of these countries legally to the United States and elsewhere although
some documentation that the collecting has not harmed the natural
population is required by the US Fish & Wildlife Service. I'm not an
expert on this area but that is my general understanding.

As for Coral Farms, we have one here and there are several others
operating in the United States. Under the right conditions (either
artifical or natural as in our case), Acropora corals and other branching
species are about as difficult to grow as crabgrass and with growth rates
up to 20cm per year we have more of a problem disposing of the excess
growth. We began growing corals here in 1977 and now maintain 75
species (including some of the original colonies). We provide living
corals to researchers (most recently for toxicology tests), and to other
public aquariums in the US. Many public aquariums in the US are beginning
to grow their own corals and this trend will increase as our techniques
continue to improve.

For anyone else out there receiving this message, the Waikiki Aquarium is
not a commerical supplier of corals. We do not have enough staff to
pack and ship corals to everyone who asks for them.

Bruce Carlson
Waikiki Aquarium
*********************************************

On Fri, 5 Dec 1997, Francesca Marubini wrote:

> Dear coral-listers,
>
> I would like to know what is the general opinion on the increasing trade in
> hermatypic corals for private aquaria. Is it regulated by any international
> law? If it is illegal to collect corals in many countries, why is it legal
> (at least in UK and Italy, where I have checked) to import and sell live
> coral which presumably comes from natural reefs? Are there any 'coral farms'?
>
> Sincerely
> Francesca Marubini
>
> please reply directly to me at : f.marubini@iol.it
>
>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 8 19:54:13 1997
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Date: Mon, 08 Dec 1997 18:06:41 -0600
From: "James A. Powell" <jpowell@btl.net>
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Subject: Glovers Reef, Belize
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GLOVER'S REEF MARINE RESEARCH STATION, MIDDLE CAYE, BELIZE
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY

Glovers Reef is a coral atoll situated about 60 km off the coast of
Belize, Central America. The Government of Belize has declared Glovers
Reef as a marine reserve and recently the reef was designated a World
Heritage Site. Glover's Reef atoll and marine reserve is a major
component of a general comprehensive program for coastal zone
management for Belize. The reserve was established to: maintain
ecological processes, preserve genetic diversity, achieve sustainable
yields of its resources through wise management of species and their
habitats, maintain natural areas for education and research, and
provide social and economic benefits through ecologically sensitive
recreation and tourism. Keenly aware of the need to protect this world
class resource, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) purchased the
island of Middle Caye, situated at the southern end of the atoll, for
the purposes of providing a marine park headquarters for the
Government of Belize and to establish a marine research field station.
WCS has completed construction of this facility and now provides a base
of operations for park rangers and scientists alike.

WCS's over-arching mission is to provide for the long-term conservation
and protection of Glover's Reef atoll. To accomplish this goal, WCS is
working in close collaboration with the Government of Belize to develop
a coordinated research and management program for the atoll. WCS's
primary responsibility in this partnership is scientific research. In
the coming years, we hope that the research on Glover's Reef atoll will
lead to a better understanding and management of this coral reef.

The Comparative Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems (CITRE)
program identified Glover's Reef as the most preferred site in the
Caribbean for "long-term, multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional
investigation of coral reef ecosystems" (Dahl, MacIntyre & Antonius.
1974. A comparative survey of coral reef research sites. In:
Marie-Helene Sachet and Arthur Dahl. Atoll Research Bulletin. 172:
37-75.). The authors reported, "In contrast to the other reefs surveyed
in the Caribbean area, Glover's Reef atoll appears to offer the greatest
variety of reef types, and the optimum reef development in terms of
population density and species diversity of reef corals and associated
organisms". In addition to Glover's Reef, Belize's extensive barrier
reef is only 30 km away.

The WCS research station on Glover's Reef atoll is located on Middle Cay
approximately 30 nm offshore. The atoll is unaffected by coastal
pollution or sedimentation. The present facility includes a ranger
station and visitor's centre, a dry laboratory and work area, dining
and cooking facilities (three meals a day are provided), and housing for
eight scientists and/or students. Tent sites are also available. There
are boats for the use of researchers. Aquarium facilities and air
compressor are available. The station is completely self-sufficient
with electricity (110 vac) provided by a complementary system of wind
and solar power. Fresh water is available through a de-salination plant
and rain-water catchment. Toilet facilities are state-of-the-art
pollution-free, containment composition type. Another aim of the
station is to provide an example of ecologically sound development on
the outer cayes.

Fees for the use of the station, food and accommodation are $20 a day
per person for students and $30-$50 (shared or single room) a day for
senior researchers. Transportation to the Middle Caye is charged
separately or a special package arrangement can be made for all travel
costs from Belize City International Airport or the US. Student and
professional groups are welcome. Unfortunately, we do not have any
volunteer or intern positions available at the moment.

WCS invites any scientists or students interested in using the Glover's
Reef Research Station to please
contact Glover's Reef Marine Research Station, P.O. Box 2310, Belize
City, Belize or Tel./Fax 501-2-
33855 or send an e-mail message to: jpowell@btl.net for more
information.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 9 21:03:31 1997
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Date: Tue, 9 Dec 1997 19:33:41 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>, fisheries@ecology.bio.dfo.ca
Subject: Florida Keys research issues
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As many of you may know, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Advisory Council (SAC) has been reformed to provide input to the Sanctuary
staff regarding implementation of the Management Plan. I have been
appointed to the "Research/Monitoring" seat. As such, I would like to
provide a voice that reflects the concerns and ideas of the scientific
community. The Water Quality Protection Program Steering Committee, and
its Technical Advisory Committee bring many issues to the table
but many others remain outside their purview.

If you have ideas. suggestions or comments that you would like to see
brought before the SAC regarding scientific issues, please send them to me
via email, FAX or mail. The next meeting is scheduled for 17 February and
are planned every other month on the 3rd Tuesday. You are also
welcome to attend the meetings and provide input directly during the
public comment period.

Erich Mueller

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory FAX: (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL 33050

Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
 http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 10 09:51:15 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ernie Lewis <lewis@bnlocn.das.bnl.gov>
Subject: program for CO2 system calculations
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We have a program available which performs calculations for the CO2 system
in seawater and freshwater. The program, with accompanying documentation, is
available at http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/oceans/co2rprt.html.
Below is a short description of the program. For any questions, please
contact me, Ernie Lewis,
at elewis@bnl.gov.

About the program

Investigators interested in studying the ocean carbonate system are not in
complete agreement on how to calculate inorganic carbon speciation in
seawater. Over the years there have been many determinations and reviews of
the constants used to describe the dissociation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in
the ocean, but no universally accepted set of constants exists. Several
subtly different pH scales remain in common use, as do variations in the
definition of total alkalinity and arguments over the relative merits of
reporting the partial pressure versus the fugacity of CO2. As ocean CO2
measurements become steadily more accurate and investigators seek to
evaluate very small changes in concentrations, these issues grow in importance.

We recently released a computer program that we hope will be of general use
and perhaps help to clear up some of the confusion. Given any two of the
four measurable carbonate system parameters, the program calculates the
other two, together with the inorganic carbon speciation and the saturation
of calcite and aragonite. The program also allows the user to select from
four different pH scales and several sets of dissociation constants widely
cited in the literature.

Run in "single input" mode, the program reports calculated results together
with the sensitivity of the calculated parameters to uncertainties in input
parameters, constants, and the like. Run in "batch input" mode, the program
can be used to process large data sets, such as cruise data derived from
spreadsheets. In writing the code we spent considerable time crosschecking
the relevant literature and checking units and scales. We are reasonably
confident that the program itself does not introduce any errors and is
consistent with the primary literature.

The program is written in compiled Quick-Basic and runs under DOS on almost
any personal computer processor. As a result, the user interface is
functional but not flashy. The program includes on-line documentation as
well as a listing of typos and inconsistencies culled from the literature.
We may develop a Visual Basic for Applications version if the demand for it
is sufficient.

More information on this program is available from Ernie Lewis. This work
was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health and
Environmental
Research, under Contract No. DE-ACO2-76CH00016.

Introduction

The program CO2SYS.EXE performs calculations relating parameters of the
carbon dioxide (CO2) system in seawater and freshwater. The program uses two
of the four measureable parameters of the CO2 system [total alkalinity (TA),
total inorganic CO2 (TCO2), pH, and either fugacity (fCO2) or partial
pressure of CO2 (pCO2)] to calculate the other two parameters at a set of
input conditions (temperature and pressure) and a set of output conditions
chosen by the user. It replaces and extends the programs CO2SYSTM.EXE,
FCO2TCO2.EXE, PHTCO2.EXE, and CO2BTCH.EXE, which were released in May of
1995. It may be run in single-input mode or batch-input mode and has a
variety of options for the various constants and parameters used. There is
an on-screen information section with documentation on various topics
relevant to the program. This program may be run on any 80x86 computer
equipped with the DOS operating system by simply typing CO2SYS at the prompt.

*********************************************************
Ernie Lewis
Department of Applied Science
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, New York 11973-5000
(516)-344-7406
elewis@bnl.gov
*********************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 10 15:42:21 1997
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Date: Wed, 10 Dec 1997 14:58:37 +0500 (GMT)
From: Fernando Parra <fercho@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
Reply-To: Fernando Parra <fercho@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
To: Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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Hi, everybody

I'm a biologist actually i'm working in mapping and digitalization of
reef areas in the occidental region of Colombian Caribbean and i have a
problem the areas for mapping are underwater therefore, to take the
chekpoints for geografical reference are impossible, with the methodology
that we know. Whether you know other methodology, please tell us.

We know that Lansat (i don't know if this is a company) is selling
satellital images cheap, someone have more information about this?

regards

Fernando Parra
Investigador Asistente
Programa Biodiversidad y Ecosistemas Marinos
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras de Punta de Betin
"Jose Benito Vives de Andreis"
INVEMAR

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Message-Id: <199712140032.BAA11496@smtp1.minitel.net>
From: martinpecheux@minitel.net (MARTIN PECHEUX)
Reply-To: martinpecheux@minitel.net
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: SW Chem. SOFTWARE, FOLLOWING
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Dear all,
I received many more requests than
though for my SW chemistry software
! Happy to see reef fellows
interested in CO2. Thanks, but thus
wait a little.
Most are PC users. I hope soon an
easy traduction after cleaning my
Mac software, rustic but
sufficient.
Also for Mac users, best is I put
all on a Web site, I will advertise
coral-list (if urgent tell me I'll
mail). Sorry for those who ask
through email or ftp, I have no
money and only 75bits/s Internet
link.
Ernie Lewis (Brookhaven) told me he
has an oceanographic DOS software
for CO2 system at
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/oceans/co2
rprt.html.
Good luck all,

Martin Pecheux
8, rue Dante, 06000 Nice FRANCE

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 15 10:46:05 1997
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Date: Sun, 14 Dec 1997 20:52:42 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Pigeon Key courses
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Apologies for any cross postings.

1998 Advanced Courses in Tropical Marines Sciences
Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key Marine Research Center
16-23 August, 1998

The following courses are offered for advanced undergraduates and graduate
students. Working professionals desiring to gain current information in
these topic areas are also encouraged to apply. The courses take a
hands-on approach and address current issues in the respective
fields. Each course will be limited to 12 students.

****************************************************************************

Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms
Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., Tetra Tech, Inc.

Description: During the last two decades, the potential for severe impacts
to coral reef populations and communities from the effects of various
diseases has been recognized. Diseases have been described affecting
corals, fish, coralline algae, and sea urchins, sometimes with
wide-ranging effects. This course will introduce students to the field of
pathobiology of marine organisms. The focus of lectures, dives and
laboratory sessions will be on diseases affecting hard corals, but
information will also be presented on diseases of other reef
organisms.Methods of studying diseases will include collection of field
monitoring data and physiological, histological and microbiological
techniques. The course will provide students with a state-of-the-art
overview of reef pathobiology, experience with relevant techniques, and an
understanding of the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its study.

Prerequisites: College level biology courses and SCUBA certification are
required. Courses in invertebrate zoology, microbiology, ecology,
chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, histology or marine sciences will be
helpful. Course cost: $800.00.

***************************************************************************

Reproduction and Recruitment in Tropical Marine Fishes
Jonathan M. Shenker, Ph.D., Florida Institute of Technology

Description: This course will address topics ranging from reproductive
behavior and physiology to a "larva-eye" view of the pelagic environment
to broad ocean-wide processes that affect recruitment. There will be focus
on characterizing various processes as possible "bottlenecks" in the
population dynamics of fish species, and the implication of these
bottlenecks for fisheries management. Both general principles as
well as details specific to the Florida Keys will be discussed. Larval and
juvenile fishes will be sampled from pelagic habitats for taxonomic
analysis, behavior observations and measurements of growth rates,
including age/growth estimation through otolith analysis. Fish behavior in
the field will also be observed. Experiments will be conducted to
quantify nightly recruitment levels at artificial reefs deployed near
Pigeon Key. Student teams will coordinate collection of different data
sets for presentation at end of class.

Prerequisites: College level biology courses are required. Courses in
vertebrate zoology, fisheries biology, developmental biology, ecology,
physical oceanography and general marine sciences will be helpful. SCUBA
optional. Course cost: $750.00

**************************************************************************
Credit

The PKMRC is not offering credit through any institution. However, the
PKMRC and instructors will work with the students' institutions to provide
credit if possible (through directed studies, research courses, etc.). The
student, or institutional representative, should then let the instructor
know what requirements are necessary. For example, credit-seeking students
may have to write a paper or take an exam. This approach allows us to keep
our costs down and eliminate any potential dificulties with transfer of
credit.

Costs

The course fee includes all course materials, accommodations (in the
newly-restored, historic dormitory), all meals (dinner, 8/16 through
breakfast on 8/23), SCUBA costs and weights. Participants should provide
mask, fins and snorkel and, if diving, their own regulator, BCD and weight
belt. Use of SCUBA equipment requires completion of additional forms,
medical clearance and acceptance by the Mote Marine Laboratory Diving
Safety Officer.

Key Dates
 20 March, 1998 - Application receipt deadline.

 3 April, 1998 - Acceptance packets mailed out.

 1 May, 1998 - Deposits due.

 12 June, 1998 - Last day to request refunds.

 31 July, 1998 - Balance and dive forms due.

 16 August, 1998 - Courses start.

For more information and application materials, contact:

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory FAX: (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL 33050

Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
 http://www.mote.org

Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 16 12:46:19 1997
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From: Leonie Haimson <leonie@worldnet.att.net>
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Subject: ten and a half days in Kyoto that shook the world
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For news and analysis of the ten and a half days in Kyoto that shook the
world, including what was actually achieved at the climate conference,
why the IMF and WTO may have become involved in the global warming
issue, and what present the President gave Chelsea before she went away
to college, see my latest update on the Liberty Tree Website, at
http://www.libertytree.org/Trenches/climate/climlit.html

Please forward this note to others who might be interested,

Thanks,

Leonie Haimson
Climate reporter
Liberty Tree Website
leonie@worldnet.att.net

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 16 13:04:23 1997
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Date: Tue, 16 Dec 1997 12:28:05 -0800
From: "Anne Cohen" <acohen@whoi.edu>
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Subject: new coral bleaching article
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Dear All

Our report of the 1996 coral bleaching event on Johnston Atoll,
north-central Pacific Ocean is now in print in Biological Bulletin
193:276-279 (October 1997).

Requests for reprints should be mailed to Anne Cohen, BUMP, Woods Hole,
MA, 02543

many thanks,
Anne.

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 17 00:31:20 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Christopher M. Mattia" <mattia@cbl.umces.edu>
Subject: Searching for an Advisor...
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<fontfamily><param>Times</param><bigger><bigger>I am a recent graduate
of St. Mary's College of Maryland (SMC). For my senior thesis, I worked
on a non-destructive spectrophotographic method to assess relative
changes in coral health utilizing induced fluorescence. You can find
out more about my project from my project home page at:

http://www.cbl.umces.edu/~mattia/SMProject

Since graduation, I have been running my own business writing web pages
and doing internet consulting. I am currently working with NOAA's
National Undersea Research Program converting and linking their
databases to the internet. During the Spring of 1998, I will be
assisting the biology faculty at SMC to teach a class in Tropical
Marine Biology which includes a 10-day research trip to Glover's Reef,
Belize. Aside from my course work at SMC as an undergraduate, I worked
for 3 years with the Natural Capital Research Group in the Ecological
Economics Department under Dr. Dennis King and Dr. Curtis Bohlen at the
University of Maryland's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory (CBL). Much
of the work I was involved with there was related to ecosystem
assessment techniques, invasive species, and the cost effectiveness of
riparian forest buffers in a landscape perspective. From my work at
CBL and on my Senior Thesis at SMC I was approached by the National Sea
Grant College Program to put together a comprehensive listing of all
coral reef related publications and projects funded by the National Sea
Grant College Program, which is also published on my web site listed
above. Following these two reports, I was hired by the National
Undersea Research Program to compile a listing of all coral reef
related projects funded by NURP, which is also published on my web
site. Over the past two years, I have been very actively attending
many of the coral reef related talks and conferences held in the
Washington DC Area, including talks sponsored by the World Bank,
Women's Aquatic Network and NOAA.

I am very interested in broadening my horizons and working toward a
Masters and Ph.D. in the area of coral reef ecology and/or remote
sensing. I would like to continue the work that I have started at SMC
and move on to new issues related to coral health and the symbiotic
relationship between corals and their zooxanthellae. As the time for
many graduate application deadlines is drawing near, I am actively
searching out an advisor to enter a graduate program under for the Fall
of 1998. I would be very interested to hear about any current research
you are involved with, and any which I may be of some assistance to you
on, or any graduate school opportunities I may have with you at your
institution. My complete CV is available on-line at my project home
page. Please feel free to contact me either by e-mail, phone, fax or
snail mail, all contact information is listed below.

Thank you,

chris mattia

</bigger></bigger></fontfamily>
Christopher M. Mattia

Innovative Cyber Solutions

P.O. Box 18

Solomons MD 20688

Voice Mail: (301) 510-6925

FAX: 410-326-6632

mattia@smbcinc.com

http://www.cbl.umces.edu/~mattia/SMProject/

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 18 04:12:02 1997
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From: "michelle reyes" <mzreyes@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: need help for juvenile coral identification
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I'm a marine science student from the Philippines, doing my thesis on
coral recruitment, and research materials (especially photographs)on
identifying juvenile corals (up to 4 months old) are very limited
here.My intention is to identify the recruits at least to family
level,and I would appreciate any information on any references that I
could use. Thanks!
 Michelle Reyes
 e-mail : mzreyes@hotmail.com

______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com

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Date: Thu, 18 Dec 1997 17:03:29 -0500
To: newsdesk@envirolink.org, climate-l@mbnet.mb.ca,
 infoterra@pan.cedar.univie.ac.at, edf-letter@www.edf.org,
 globalwarming@buster.law.pace.edu, oppt-newsbreak@valley.rtpnc.epa.gov,
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 environment-L@cornell.edu, ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu,
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 ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu, ens@envirolink.org,
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, envconfs-l@husc.harvard.edu,
 eon@world.std.com, Land-and-Water@FAO.ORG, gaia-l@listserv.aol.com,
 IAIA_ECOLOGY@listserv.csu.edu.au, aeroso-l@nic.surfnet.nl,
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From: "David E. Wojick" <dwojick@shentel.net>
Subject: Hoax or blunder?
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For your interest and contemplation:

This letter from two prominent climate change modelers appeared in the
Washington Post (Tuesday, December 16, 1997; Page A 26).

"On a Butterfly's Wing

"In an otherwise informative article about climate change, John Casti
states, "The flapping of the proverbial butterfly's wings in Brazil today
can percolate into a tornado in Kansas". ["A Look at the Complexities of
Global Warming," Outlook, Nov. 30] This kind of statement might contribute
to public confusion and dilute the resolve needed to formulate a reasonable
response to the threat of climate change. Given the potential uncertainty
that Mr. Casti cites, a reasonable person would ask how we possibly could
know anything about climate change?

"In fact, the picture is not so bleak: In the early 1990s, climate
simulation models successfully predicted the impact of the Mount Pinatubo
eruption on global climate. To reconcile these two seemingly contradictory
assessments, we need to distinguish between the limited predictability of
tornadoes and volcanoes, and the much better predictability of climate. For
the former, the metaphor about a butterfly is useful because it suggests
that the ability to predict a weather event for a specific place and time
-- such as severe weather -- diminishes after a few days. However, the
prediction of climate refers to weather statistics over extended periods of
time and not to any particular weather event.

"Thus, we can predict with reasonable certainty that tornadoes will occur
with nearly constant annual frequency within the United States, just as we
can predict that average summer temperatures will be much warmer than
average winter temperatures. Therefore, we have much more confidence in the
prediction of climate statistics than in long-term weather forecasts.

"Scientists have identified certain influences (such as air pollution from
cars and industry) that can alter the climate -- i.e., change the weather
statistics over extended periods. Climate simulation models are the tools
we use to predict the magnitude of this climate change. Their use enables
us to anticipate that the buildup of greenhouse gases over the next century
will lead to global warming, punctuated by more frequent, intense heat
waves and droughts. Butterflies can flap their wings all they want, but it
will be harder for them to stay cool."

BARRY LYNN
Mesoscale Atmospheric Process Branch
NASA -- Goddard Space Flight Center

LEONARD DRUYAN
Center for Climate Systems Research
Columbia University

The writers' lack of understanding of the butterfly effect, and its
implications for climate change science and policy, is profound.

1. Regarding the Butterfly -- it is not all powerful.

The "butterfly effect" is part of the new science of nonlinear dynamics or
"chaos theory". Basically this is the science of systems with lots of
feedback mechanisms and the climate system is certainly one of these. The
butterfly concept is the intrinsic unpredictability of system behavior due
to extreme sensitivity to initial conditions.

The point that they could model the short term effects of Pinatubo is well
taken. I call this the "scale of predictability". Some people call it
"momentum". A phenomenon of a given size is likely to be predictable for a
given time. Other things being equal, the bigger the event the longer the
time. Hurricanes don't dissipate in hours (although their track is often
unpredictable). Pinatubo was a monster, so we could predict its effects for
a year or so, but not for 3 years. Summer will indeed be warmer than winter
for quite a long time, unless something really drastic happens to the axis
of rotation of the earth. Let's hope not.

My benchmark example: If it rains 2" the ground will probably be wet after
24 hours. Whether it will be wet after a week is unknowable. If it only
rains 0.2" it is unknowable even for the 24 hour scale. In many cases the
duration of predictability is proportional to the scale of the cause. I
expect that determining scales of predictability will be a big part of the
new science once it really gets going. As it is we spend a lot of money
predicting the unpredictable.

2. Regarding climate statistics -- there are many Butterflies.

It is sort of true that the butterfly effect only applies to a "particular
event", whatever that means, but there is no end of Butterflies. That there
is a constant or "nearly constant" number of tornadoes each year has to be
nonsense. First, this must mean tornadoes of a certain size or larger, I
assume big ones, since I have little tornadoes in my fields whenever it is
windy and nobody counts them. How could we possibly know how many there
are, since many go unreported? The only possibility, and that remote, is
satellites. Even if we have such they must be quite new, so we have no
record. I do know there are good tornado years and bad, some legendary, at
the state level.

Of course it would be wonderful if their claim were true, because then we
could say "There goes the last tornado this year" or "Only 3 more tornadoes
to go this year". But universal constants are hard to come by and I am sure
this isn't one. Their "nearly constant" probably means they have five years
of satellite data and some variation. Of course the long term average may
not change much -- that's the stability of chaos, which is a point the
writers are tripping over.

Chaos is produced by feedback and all of the major climate mechanisms
provide strong feedback. In fact chaos is a powerful form of stability. The
temperature at my place can change 40 degrees in two days but has not
changed 200 degrees in a million years, so far as we can tell. While
average global temperature has varied chaotically for millions of years, it
appears never to have gone outside of a 15 degree range. That's stability!
The price of this stability is extreme unpredictability within the stable
range, due to the ongoing nonlinear struggle of feedback mechanisms,
so-called "drivers" and "limiters". The butterfly effect.

But chaotic systems, wherein dwells the Butterfly, are also called "far
from equilibrium systems". They exhibit something called "strange
statistics". In far from equilibrium systems the average value is a rare
event, so no good in prediction. (Unless you can find use in a prediction
of the form "it's not likely to be like this.")

My benchmark example: Average annual rainfall in Virginia is about 36
inches, or roughly 0.1"/day. How often does it rain about this much?
Rarely. It either doesn't rain, like most days a year, or it typically
rains from 0.25 to 1.0 inches, sometimes more. Show me the useful statistic
for prediction (hint: if it rains it pours.) Of course if you can get
someone to bet you that it will rain 0.1" on the tenth day of next month,
go for it.

Likewise the general statistics in climate change are that it is usually
getting either warmer or colder, CO2 levels are usually going up or down,
and so on. In the million year scale our data indicates it has usually been
either very warm or very cold. Intermediate values are rare, occurring
mostly in passing from one extreme to the other. That is why we call it a
far from equilibrium system.

This leaves the predictability of the seasons. What $10 billion in climate
change research will buy. Unfortunately it doesn't quite justify the
writers' claim that "Therefore, we have much more confidence in the
prediction of climate statistics than in long-term weather forecasts." We
don't.

3. The Fallacy of Equilibrium.

In fact these models only make stable predictions at all because they rely
on what I call the "fallacy of equilibrium", which means not including
those pesky Butterflies. Such predictions only tell us that if all natural
greenhouse gas sinks and sources stay in perfect equilibrium for a century
then we will make a difference. But these sinks and sources -- the oceans,
biospheres, weathering of rocks, atmospheric chemistry, and so on, not to
mention the heat of the sun that drives the whole system, have never been
stable, so why should they sit still for a century? The supposition is
preposterous, given the chaotic nature of the feedback mechanisms, but the
modelers have made it. Here much of the real climate change research, as
opposed to the modeling, has actually paid off by elucidating many of these
chaotic feedbacks in detail. Climate is chaotic at all scales.

4. Conclusion.

As far as the writers' worry that "This kind of statement might contribute
to public confusion and dilute the resolve needed to formulate a reasonable
response to the threat of climate change." It should. We do not and cannot
control the climate.

This Post letter is Kuhn's Problem personified (scientists refusing to
learn a new fundamental theory). They don't understand the new science of
nonlinear dynamics and they don't care. Given that they are in the business
of modeling the dynamics of climate, this ignorance is appalling. Or is it
just that there is no money for modelers in admitting unpredictability?

Best regards to all,

David

Historical notes: Kuhn being of course the historian of science Thomas
Kuhn, whose pioneering book in the late 1960's: "The Structure of
Scientific Revolutions", first identified this recurring problem of
resistance to revolution. Nobody wants to consider, much less admit, that
their life's work is wrong. My dissertation dealt with this problem and my
first major paper: "The Structure of Technological Revolutions" (1973),
extended it to conceptual revolutions generally. An expanded version of
that paper is Chapter 14 of Bugliarello and Doner's "History and Philosophy
of Technology" (1979). I got 'retrained' in chaos theory in the late 1980's
by an accident of fate.

I cannot overestimate how profound this problem is. If the scientific
community does not understand, or refuses to accept, what is plainly before
its eyes, how can the public be expected to do so? The educational
requirements are staggering. In the meantime our public policy is absurd.

David E. Wojick, Ph.D., P.E.
540-858-3503

dwojick@shentel.net
http://www.bydesign.com
(Click on "PowervisioN" OR "NAAQS on the Web")

PowervisioN
391 Flickertail Lane
Star Tannery, VA 22654
USA

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec 20 05:48:30 1997
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Date: Sat, 20 Dec 1997 13:47:32 -0500
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Subject: coral reef
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we planing to start a project on the status and distribution of coral
reefs in the iranian part of persian gulf and oman sea which is included
as follows:
type of coral reefs
local distribution of coral reefs
coral reef zonation
vertical and horizental distribution of coral reefs

it would be highly apprecieted if you could guide us in this regard
and/or introduce the available data bases in this area.

Iranian National Center for Oceanography(INCO)/Biological Oceanography
Division

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 21 10:06:32 1997
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Dear colleagues,

I would be most obliged if anyone can give views on underwater weighing of
marine organisms such as COTs. Please respond to my e-mail address and not
the list.

Many thanks for your time.

Best wishes for the New Year and Merry Christmas!

Sincerely,
E.H. Chan

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 21 12:00:33 1997
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To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Subject: Bleaching (or lack thereof) in Madracis mirabilis
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Dear List,

 In Panama in 96 someone told me that M.mirabilis (a Caribbean coral)
has never been known to bleach. During the height of the 95 episode in
Bonaire, I saw M. mirabilis looking healthy when completely surrounded by
bleached corals of every other sp in the neighborhood (mostly the forms of
M.annularis).

 Has anyone ever seen M.mirabilis bleached or, if not, why not? What
makes this coral special.

 Reply to jware@erols.com.

 Thanks.

 ************************************************************************
 * *
 * *
 * Dr. John Ware *
 * *
 * Sea Services, Inc. *
 * 20424 Shadow Oak Court *
 * Gaithersburg, MD 20879 *
 * USA *
 * 301 963-7019 *
 * jware@erols.com *
 * *
 ************************************************************************

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 21 19:32:06 1997
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From: martinpecheux@minitel.net (MARTIN PECHEUX)
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Subject: RE: No bleaching in M.madracis ?
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Quiet interesting... Lets come up
the big question. Why ?
>From my Review on Bleaching (in
press, old version on
http://www.esi.fr/~sander/articles/M
isc/Coral_Reef.html) :
"In Bahamian corals, the d13Corg of
symbionts and coral species are
ordered quite similarly to the
general bleaching sensitivity:
begining by the heaviest d13Corg
(and the most sensitive species),
this order is : M. annularis > P.
asteroides > M. complanata > A.
agaricites > Acropora cervicornis >
A. palmata > Dendrogyra > Eusmilia
> Madracis" mirabilis" (data of
Muscatine et al., 1989, Mar. Biol.
100, 185-193)"
M.mirabilis has the lowest 13C,
downto -18-19 per mil. Another good
indication that carbon process are
involved (e.g. CO2 rise).
But bleaching were curiously also
observed, but a detail :
"Muscatine et al. (1979, Bull Mar
Sc 29:572-575) stated: "Most
desirable are naturally-occurring
aposymbiotic corals of the same
species [for experiments].
Unfortunately these are difficult
to obtain, and for most species may
be virtually non-existent. During
the course of investigations (...)
we discovered naturally-occurring
aposymbiotic colonies of Madracis
mirabilis (...) in Discovery Bay,
Jamaica", due to sediment
covering."
Happy time was it !
Happy time for you...

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From: reefnet@cerf.net (Wendy Holland)
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 Announcing the Fall/Winter issue of Reefnet:

 FIELD REPORTS

 The Hawaiian Monk Seal Population is Crashing
 Hazardous Habitat of the Largest Reef Mammal

 NGO NEWS

 Sue Wells Reports on WWF's Marine Programme

 CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

 The World Bank Sets the Stage for Sustainable Solutions
 Coral Reef Meeting 1997

Wendy Holland Productions

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Tiburon, CA 94920
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 22 11:57:47 1997
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From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Subject: M. mirabilis
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We used to find aposymbiotic M. mirabilis against the edges of freshwater
seeps in Discovery Bay. I don't know if it is the freshwater or the fact
that these were very gunky places with lots of soft sediment that tended to
collapse down the sides of them onto some of the corals. Len would
remember.

Why did Martin put the specific name "mirabilis" in quotes? I must have
missed something.

Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215

e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax: 617-353-6340

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 30 13:38:01 1997
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Date: Tue, 30 Dec 1997 13:31:16 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
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Greetings!

The coral-list listserver is back up and running, but with a couple of
changes.

Over the Christmas Holidays the list unfortunately had a few attempts at
posting malicious messages by pranksters. To help head this off for
awhile, messages posted to coral-list will be moderated. That is,
messages sent (as usual) to coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov will come to
the coral-list administrator, then resent if appropriate. Also, new
requests for subscriptions must be approved by the administrator, although
you would continue to request a subscription as before; that is, send the
message

	subscribe coral-list

in the body of a message to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.

In short, you don't have to do anything different, but your messages and
subscription requests may not be approved immediately.

I hope this is not inconvenient for you and helps to reduce unwanted
traffic (namely, pranksters) on the list. I hope you will have patience
in the event there are some problems with this new configuration. If you
have any problems, please direct them to me at hendee@aoml.noaa.gov.

Here's hoping you have a Happy New Year and a chance to visit your
favorite reef!

	Sincerely yours,

	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator

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For those who have lost the initial Welcome Message, here it is. Mention
is not made of the list being moderated, because hopefully this will
change in the near future.
Sender: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
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~~~~~

Welcome to the Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server!

	The purpose of the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server is to
provide a forum for Internet discussions and announcements among coral
health researchers pertaining to coral reef health and monitoring
throughout the world. The list is primarily for use by coral health
researchers and scientists. Currently, about 750 researchers are
subscribed to the list. Appropriate subjects for discussion might
include:

	o bleaching events
	o outbreaks of coral diseases
	o high predation on coral reefs
	o environmental monitoring sites
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	o international meetings and symposia
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	o announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology
	o coral health initiatives
	o new and historical data availability
	o controversial topics in coral reef ecology
	o recent reports on coral research

-- To Subscribe to the List --

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-- Other Coral Health Related Information --

 The Coral Health and Monitoring Program (CHAMP) has a World-Wide
Web Home Page at the following URL:

 http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov

-- Adding your name to the Coral Researchers Directory --

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Subject: line of your message:

Name:
Title:
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Address Line 3:
City:
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E-mail:
Other info:	(Add up to, say, 20 lines, if you'd like.)

-- Etiquette --

1) When responding to a posting to the list, do not respond
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	answer everyone can benefit from. I think this is
	usually the case, but responses such as, "Yeah, tell
	me, too!" to the entire list will make you unpopular
	in a hurry. Double-check your "To: " line before
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2) Do not "flame" (i.e., scold) colleagues via the coral-list. If
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	mail directly and flame away.

3) Please conduct as much preliminary research into a topic
	as possible before posting a query to the list. (In
	other words, you shouldn't expect others to do your
	research for you.) Please consider:

	o Your librarian (an extremely valuable resource)
	o The CHAMP Literature Abstracts area at the CHAMP Web:
	o The CHAMP Online Researcher's Directory
		(i.e., search for your topic, ask the
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	o The CHAMP (and other) Web sites' links page(s)

 But please *do* avail yourself of the list when you've exhausted
	other sources.

4) Please carefully consider the purpose of the coral-list
	before posting a message. This is a forum comprised
	primarily of researchers who devote major portions
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5) Succinct postings are greatly appreciated by all.

-- Problems --

	If you have any problems concerning the list, please feel free to
drop a line to: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov.

	We hope you enjoy the list!

	Sincerely yours,

	Jim Hendee
	Louis Florit
	Philippe Dubosq

 Ocean Chemistry Division
 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
 Miami, FL 33149-1026
 USA

From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 4 20:14:56 1998
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sat, 03 Jan 1998 11:03:27 -0500
From: "Richard E. Dodge" <dodge@ocean.nova.edu>
To: NOAA's CHAMP <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS
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**********************************************************
SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS

HOLOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE REEF GEOLOGY

CALL FOR PAPERS:

Volume 17 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue, entitled "Holocene
and Pleistocene Reef Geology". As the title suggests, the purpose of the
issue is to provide an overview of current research in this broad area.
Manuscripts may be empirical or theoretical, long or short. Reviews and
Reef Sites on a geological theme are also welcome. The issue (approximately
100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers have been accepted.
Prospective authors may first contact the Geological Editor, Richard E.
Dodge by fax or email (Fax 954-921-7764, email dodge@ocean.nova.edu).

To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as
possible (NO LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1, 1998).

GUEST EDITORS TO WHOM MANUSCRIPS MAY ALSO BE SUBMITTED ARE:
Dr. R.E. Dodge, Geological Editor, Nova Southeastern University
Oceanographic Center, 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA.
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas,
1930 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, email: buddrw@KGS.UKANS.EDU
Dr. Richard W. Grigg, Dept. of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Univ. of
Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email rgrigg@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
Dr. David Hopley, Coastal & Marine Consultancies, 3 Wingadee, Annadale,
Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia, email: david.hopley@ultra.net.au
Dr Ian McIntyre, Dept. of Paleobiology,National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution,Washington, DC 20560
email MACINTYRE.IAN@NMNH.SI.EDU
Dr. Peter Swart, Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics, University of
Miami/ RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, email:
Pswart@rsmas.miami.edu
Dr. Terry Scoffin, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom email: Terry.Scoffin@ed.ac.uk
Dr. A.W. Tudhope, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom, email: sandy.Tudhope@ed.ac.uk

Thank you.

Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D.
Associate Dean, Professor
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764
web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/