Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis Rev 02, ICN 00

ANL-MGR-MD-000009

July 2003

1. PURPOSE 
This analysis report is one of the technical reports containing documentation of the 
Environmental Radiation Model for Yucca Mountain, Nevada (ERMYN), a biosphere model 
supporting the Total System Performance Assessment (TSPA) for the license application (LA) 
for the Yucca Mountain repository. This analysis report describes the development of biosphere 
dose conversion factors (BDCFs) for the groundwater exposure scenario, and the development of 
conversion factors for assessing compliance with the groundwater protection standard. 
A graphical representation of the documentation hierarchy for the ERMYN is presented in 
Figure 1-1. This figure shows the interrelationships among the products (i.e., analysis and model 
reports) developed for biosphere modeling and provides an understanding of how this analysis 
report contributes to biosphere modeling. This report is one of two reports that develop 
biosphere BDCFs, which are input parameters for the TSPA model. The Biosphere Model 
Report (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186]) describes in detail the ERMYN conceptual model and 
mathematical model. The input parameter reports (BSC 2003 [DIRS 160964]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 
160965]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 160976]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 161239]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 161241]) 
contain detailed description of the model input parameters. This report describes biosphere 
model calculations and their output, the BDCFs, for the groundwater exposure scenario. 
The objectives of this analysis are to develop BDCFs and conversion factors for the TSPA. The 
BDCFs will be used in performance assessment for calculating annual doses for a given 
concentration of radionuclides in groundwater. The conversion factors will be used for 
calculating gross alpha particle activity in groundwater and the annual dose from beta- and 
photon-emitting radionuclides. 
For the groundwater exposure scenario, radionuclides enter the biosphere from a well that 
extracts contaminated groundwater from an aquifer. Human exposure arises from using the 
contaminated water for domestic and agricultural purposes. BDCFs for the groundwater 
scenario apply to the TSPA modeling cases that consider groundwater release of radionuclides 
from the repository at Yucca Mountain. The nominal scenario class and some modeling cases 
from the disruptive scenario classes (i.e., igneous intrusion or human intrusion) may result in the 
release of radionuclides to groundwater. Dose assessments for such releases require BDCFs for 
the groundwater scenario. 
The biosphere model considers features, events, and processes (FEPs) applicable to the Yucca 
Mountain biosphere (DTN: MO0303SEPFEPS2.000 [DIRS 162452]). The disposition of these 
FEPs in the TSPA is through the BDCFs, which are direct inputs to the TSPA model. The 
disposition of the included FEPs within the biosphere model is documented in the Biosphere 
Model Report (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186]). Specifically, the consideration of the included FEPs 
in the conceptual model is shown in Table 6.2-1, relationships among the biosphere-related 
FEPs, the biosphere conceptual model, and the exposure scenarios are more fully examined in 
Section 6.3, and the disposition of the included FEPs within the mathematical model, and their

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 9 July 2003 
Figure 1-1. Biosphere Model Documentation and Total System Performance Assessment Feeds 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 10 July 2003 
relationship to the model equations and input parameters is presented in Table 6.7-1 of the 
Biosphere Model Report (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186]). 
In addition to producing the BDCFs for the groundwater exposure scenario, this analysis 
develops conversion factor values for calculating gross alpha particle activity in groundwater and 
the annual dose from beta- and photon-emitting radionuclides. The FEPs considered in the 
development of conversion factors are listed in Table 1-1. The disposition of these FEPs in 
TSPA is through the conversion factors that are inputs for the TSPA. 
Table 1-1. Features, Events and Processes Considered in the Development of Conversion Factors for 
Groundwater Protection 
FEP Number a FEP Name a Description of FEP Disposition 
1.4.07.02.0A Wells A well is initial source of contaminated groundwater in the 
biosphere. 
2.4.01.00.0A Human characteristics 
(physiology, metabolism) 
Physiology and metabolism of the human receptor were 
considered in developing the values of dose conversion factors for 
ingestion, which are used as input to calculate the values of 
conversion factors (Equation 6.3-3). 
2.4.04.01.0A Human lifestyle Lifestyles and characteristics of people living in Amargosa Valley 
are reflected in the value of the daily consumption rate of water 
(Equation 6.3-3). 
3.1.01.01.0A Radioactive decay and 
In-growth 
Contribution from long-lived and short-lived decay products of 
primary radionuclides is included in the values of conversion 
factors, through the use of effective dose conversion factors for 
inhalation (Table 6.3-4) and also through including decay products 
in the total number of alpha particles associated with a primary 
radionuclide (Table 6.3-3). 
3.3.01.00.0A Contaminated drinking 
water, foodstuffs and 
drugs 
Locally obtained contaminated drinking water causes ingestion 
dose (Equations 6.3-2 and 6.3-4) 
3.3.04.01.0A Ingestion Conversion factors for beta-gamma emitters are used in evaluating 
exposure of the receptor arising from ingestion of contaminated 
water (Equations 6.3-2 to 6.3-4). 
3.3.05.01.0A Radiation doses Radiation doses arising from ingestion of contaminated water will 
be evaluated in TSPA using conversion factors developed in this 
analysis. 
a Source: DTN: M00303SEPFEPS2.000 [DIRS 162452] 
This analysis is a revision of the Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor 
Analysis (CRWMS M&O 2001 [DIRS 152539]). This revision reflects changes in the definition 
of the human receptor and the development of an improved biosphere model. The analysis was 
performed in accordance with the Technical Work Plan: for Biosphere Modeling and Expert 
Support (TWP) (BSC 2003 [DIRS 163602]). 
This report includes the disposition of technical errors (Technical Error Report 
No. TER-02-0055) related to modeling resuspension, plant uptake, and surface soil. The current 
approach to modeling these items is described in the Biosphere Model Report (BSC 2003 
[164186]). The resuspension model is a part of the air submodel (BSC 2003 [164186], Section 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 11 July 2003 
6.4.2.1); plant uptake is addressed in the plant submodel (BSC 2003 [164186], Section 6.4.3); 
surface soil is modeled in the surface soil submodel (BSC 2003 [164186], Section 6.4.1). 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 12 July 2003 
2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 
Development of this report involved analysis of data to support performance assessment, as 
identified in the TWP (BSC 2003 [DIRS 163602]), and thus it was a quality affecting activity. 
Approved quality assurance procedures identified in the TWP (BSC 2003 [DIRS 163602], 
Section 4) were used to conduct and document the activities described in this report. Electronic 
data used in this analysis were controlled in accordance with methods specified in the TWP 
(BSC 2003 [DIRS 163602], Section 8). 
This analysis did not require classification of the quality level of natural barriers or other items in 
accordance with AP-2.22Q [DIRS 163021], Classification Criteria and Maintenance of the 
Monitored Geologic Repository Q-Lists, or other applicable implementing procedures. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 13 July 2003 
3. COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND MODEL USE 
This analysis was performed using a verified and validated model, the ERMYN model, which is 
described in the Biosphere Model Report (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186]). The model files were 
obtained from the Model Warehouse (DTN: MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816]). The 
model is implemented using the GoldSim Graphical Simulation Environment, a graphical, 
object-oriented computer program for carrying out dynamic, probabilistic simulations (GoldSim 
Technology Group 2002 [DIRS 160643]). 
GoldSim Version 7.50.100 (software tracking number: 10344-7.5.100-00) was qualified under 
the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management, Quality Assurance program for use on 
the Yucca Mountain Project (BSC 2003 [DIRS 161572]). The software was appropriate for the 
application of constructing ERMYN using GoldSim software, and was used within the range of 
validation in accordance with procedure AP-SI.1Q [DIRS 164105], Software Management. 
GoldSim was installed by software configuration management on a DELL Precision 
Workstation 530 computer (CPU# 151554) and run under the Windows 2000 operating system. 
In addition, the commercial off-the-shelf product EXCEL (Version 97 SR-2) was used for data 
reduction. Standard EXCEL functions were used to calculate values presented in tables in 
Section 6. The use of these functions, including formulas or algorithms, inputs, and outputs are 
described in Attachment I. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 14 July 2003 
4. INPUTS 
4.1 DATA AND PARAMETERS 
The inputs to this analysis are listed in Tables 4.1-1 to 4.1-4. Input parameter values and 
distributions were generated specifically for biosphere model input and are appropriate for the 
intended use. Uncertainty in the input parameters is discussed in the individual analysis reports 
that document parameter development (BSC 2003 [DIRS 160964]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 160965]; 
BSC 2003 [DIRS 160976]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 161239]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 161241]). 
The parameters were used as input for the ERMYN model for the groundwater exposure scenario 
(DTN: MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816]). The half-lives and branching fractions for 
radionuclides included in the biosphere model are listed in Table 4.1-2. Dose conversion factors 
for inhalation and ingestion for use in the biosphere model are shown in Table 4.1-3. Dose 
coefficients for exposure to contaminated soil are shown in Table 4.1-4. 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 15 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode or 
Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
S U R F A C E S O I L S U B M O D E L 
Activity concentration of a radionuclide in well 
water Fixed Bq/m2 1    Source of contamination 
Modern climate Normal 0.94 0.08 0.73 1.15 
Monsoon climate upper 
bound Fixed 0.52    
Glacial transition climate 
lower bound Fixed 0.88    
Annual average 
irrigation rate 
Glacial transition climate 
upper bound Normal 
m/yr 
0.50 0.04 0.40 0.60 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 
Radionuclide half-life and branching fraction Fixed see Table 
4.1-2 
see Table 
4.1-2    MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
Soil bulk density Triangular kg/m3 1500  1300 1700 MO0305SPASRPBM.001 
[DIRS 163815] 
Surface soil depth (tillage depth) Uniform m   0.05 0.30 MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 
Surface soil erosion rate Triangular kg/(m2 yr) 0.19  0.19 1.1 MO0305SPASRPBM.001 
[DIRS 163815] 
Carbon 1.8E+01 6.0E+00   
Chlorine 1.4E-01 6.0E+00   
Selenium 1.5E+02 6.0E+00   
Strontium 2.0E+01 5.5E+00   
Technetium 1.4E-01 6.0E+00   
Tin 4.5E+02 6.0E+00   
Iodine 4.5E+00 7.4E+00   
Cesium 4.4E+03 3.7E+00   
Lead 1.6E+04 4.1E+00   
Radium 3.6E+04 2.2E+01   
Actinium 1.5E+03 6.0E+00   
Soil solid/liquid partition 
coefficient 
Thorium 
Lognormalb L/kg 
3.0E+03 8.2E+00   
MO0305SPASRPBM.001 
[DIRS 163815] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 16 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Protactinium 1.8E+03 6.0E+00   
Uranium 3.3E+01 2.5E+01   
Neptunium 2.5E+01 3.3E+00   
Plutonium 1.2E+03 3.3E+00   
Americium 
2.0E+03 1.3E+01   
Modern climate Cumulative m/y   
0.009 
0.030 
0.045 
0.076 
0.128 
0.233 
0.275 
0% 
19% 
38% 
57% 
76% 
95% 
100% 
Overwatering rate 
Upper bound of 
glacial transition 
climate 
Cumulative m/y   
0.004 
0.020 
0.047 
0.072 
0.104 
0.150 
0.177 
0% 
19% 
38% 
57% 
76% 
95% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 
Volumetric water content Uniform    0.18 0.28 MO0305SPASRPBM.001 
[DIRS 163815] 
A I R S U B M O D E L 
Mass loading for crops at nominal conditions Triangular mg/m3 0.12  0.025 0.200 MO0305SPAINEXI.001 
[DIRS 163808] 
Active outdoors 5.00  1.000 10.000 
Inactive outdoors 0.06  0.025 0.100 
Active indoors 0.10 - 0.060 0.175 
Mass loading for receptor 
environments at nominal 
conditions 
Asleep indoors 
Triangular mg/m3 
0.03  0.010 0.050 
MO0305SPAINEXI.001 
[DIRS 163808] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 17 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Active outdoors Cumulative    
2.2 
4.0 
6.5 
0% 
50% 
100% 
Inactive outdoors 
Active indoors 
Enhancement factor at 
nominal conditions 
Asleep indoors 
Cumulative    
0.21 
0.7 
1.04 
0% 
50% 
100% 
MO0305SPASRPBM.001 
[DIRS 163815] 
Evaporative cooler water transfer fraction Uniform    0 1 MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Evaporative cooler water use (evaporation) rate Lognormalb L/hr 17 1.7   MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Evaporative cooler air flow rate Cumulative m3/h   
1,700 
8,300 
10,200 
0% 
50% 
100% 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Correlation coefficient for evaporative cooler 
water use (evaporation) and air flow rates Fixed  0.8    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Radon release factor Fixed (Bq/kg)/ 
(Bq/m3) 0.25    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Average Lognormalc 1.0 1.1   
House ventilation rate 
Evap. cooler on Uniform 
1/hr 
  1 30 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Fraction of radon from soil entering the house Uniform    0.1 0.25 MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Ratio of Rn-222 concentration in air to flux 
density from soil Fixed (Bq m-3)/ 
(Bq m-2 s-1) 300    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
P L A N T S U B M O D E L 
Chlorine 6.4E+01 2.0 1.1E+01 3.8E+02 
Selenium 4.6E-02 3.8 1.4E-03 1.4E+00 
Strontium 1.7E+00 2.0 2.9E-01 1.0E+01 
Technetium 4.6E+01 2.6 3.8E+00 5.5E+02 
Tin 3.8E-02 2.0 6.4E-03 2.3E-01 
Iodine 2.6E-02 9.9 7.2E-05 9.7E+00 
Soil-to-plant transfer factor 
for leafy vegetables 
Cesium 
Lognormalb (Bq/kgplant)/ 
(Bq/kgsoil) 
1.2E-01 2.5 1.2E-02 1.2E+00 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 18 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Lead 1.5E-02 4.6 3.0E-04 7.7E-01 
Radium 6.8E-02 2.7 5.1E-03 9.2E-01 
Actinium 4.3E-03 2.0 7.2E-04 2.6E-02 
Thorium 4.3E-03 2.8 3.2E-04 5.9E-02 
Protactinium 4.6E-03 3.8 1.4E-04 1.4E-01 
Uranium 1.1E-02 2.0 1.8E-03 6.6E-02 
Neptunium 5.9E-02 4.4 1.3E-03 2.6E+00 
Plutonium 2.9E-04 2.0 4.9E-05 1.7E-03 
Americium 
1.2E-03 2.5 1.2E-04 1.3E-02 
Chlorine 6.4E+01 2.0 1.1E+01 3.8E+02 
Selenium 4.6E-02 3.8 1.4E-03 1.4E+00 
Strontium 7.9E-01 2.0 1.4E-01 4.5E+00 
Technetium 4.4E+00 3.7 1.5E-01 1.2E+02 
Tin 1.5E-02 3.6 5.3E-04 4.0E-01 
Iodine 3.2E-02 4.4 7.0E-04 1.5E+00 
Cesium 5.0E-02 2.0 8.4E-03 3.0E-01 
Lead 9.0E-03 3.1 5.0E-04 1.6E-01 
Radium 1.2E-02 5.3 1.6E-04 8.6E-01 
Actinium 1.1E-03 4.9 1.8E-05 6.6E-02 
Thorium 4.4E-04 5.6 5.3E-06 3.6E-02 
Protactinium 1.1E-03 10.0 3.0E-06 4.3E-01 
Uranium 6.0E-03 2.8 4.2E-04 8.5E-02 
Neptunium 3.1E-02 4.9 5.0E-04 1.9E+00 
Plutonium 1.9E-04 2.0 3.3E-05 1.1E-03 
Soil-to-plant transfer factor 
for other vegetables 
Americium 
Lognormalb (Bq/kgplant)/ 
(Bq/kgsoil) 
4.0E-04 2.6 3.5E-05 4.6E-03 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Chlorine 6.4E+01 2.0 1.1E+01 3.8E+02 
Selenium 4.6E-02 3.8 1.4E-03 1.4E+00 
Strontium 2.9E-01 2.3 3.6E-02 2.4E+00 
Technetium 4.3E+00 4.6 8.7E-02 2.1E+02 
Soil-to-plant transfer factor 
for fruit 
Tin 
Lognormalb (Bq/kgplant)/ 
(Bq/kgsoil) 
1.5E-02 3.6 5.3E-04 4.0E-01 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 19 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Iodine 5.7E-02 2.8 4.1E-03 7.9E-01 
Cesium 5.6E-02 2.8 3.8E-03 8.1E-01 
Lead 1.2E-02 3.3 5.8E-04 2.6E-01 
Radium 7.3E-03 4.3 1.6E-04 3.2E-01 
Actinium 8.5E-04 3.4 3.7E-05 2.0E-02 
Thorium 2.9E-04 4.9 4.8E-06 1.7E-02 
Protactinium 1.1E-03 10.0 3.0E-06 4.3E-01 
Uranium 6.3E-03 2.9 3.9E-04 1.0E-01 
Neptunium 3.4E-02 6.9 2.3E-04 5.0E+00 
Plutonium 1.8E-04 3.4 7.8E-06 4.2E-03 
Americium 
5.4E-04 2.3 6.5E-05 4.5E-03 
Chlorine 2.4E+01 8.4 1.0E-01 5.8E+03 
Selenium 2.9E-02 2.0 4.8E-03 1.7E-01 
Strontium 1.7E-01 2.0 2.8E-02 1.0E+00 
Technetium 1.6E+00 4.3 3.8E-02 6.8E+01 
Tin 9.2E-03 2.0 1.5E-03 5.5E-02 
Iodine 2.5E-02 10.0 6.6E-05 9.4E+00 
Cesium 2.0E-02 2.2 2.7E-03 1.6E-01 
Lead 5.5E-03 2.1 8.2E-04 3.8E-02 
Radium 3.1E-03 4.0 8.8E-05 1.1E-01 
Actinium 5.4E-04 2.9 3.6E-05 8.0E-03 
Thorium 1.7E-04 5.2 2.4E-06 1.2E-02 
Protactinium 9.5E-04 7.2 5.9E-06 1.5E-01 
Uranium 1.1E-03 3.6 4.1E-05 3.1E-02 
Neptunium 4.4E-03 6.9 3.1E-05 6.3E-01 
Plutonium 1.9E-05 4.2 4.8E-07 7.8E-04 
Soil-to-plant transfer factor 
for grain 
Americium 
Lognormalb (Bq/kgplant)/ 
(Bq/kgsoil) 
7.5E-05 3.2 3.8E-06 1.5E-03 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Chlorine 7.5E+01 2.0 1.3E+01 4.5E+02 
Selenium 1.5E-01 5.5 1.9E-03 1.3E+01 Soil-to-plant transfer factor 
for forage crops 
Strontium 
Lognormalb (Bq/kgplant)/ 
(Bq/kgsoil) 
2.1E+00 2.1 3.2E-01 1.3E+01 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

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Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Technetium 2.7E+01 2.7 2.1E+00 3.5E+02 
Tin 1.6E-01 5.8 1.7E-03 1.5E+01 
Iodine 4.0E-02 10.0 1.1E-04 1.5E+01 
Cesium 1.3E-01 3.3 6.3E-03 2.8E+00 
Lead 1.8E-02 7.0 1.2E-04 2.8E+00 
Radium 8.2E-02 3.0 4.9E-03 1.4E+00 
Actinium 1.7E-02 5.4 2.2E-04 1.3E+00 
Thorium 1.0E-02 4.2 2.5E-04 3.9E-01 
Protactinium 1.9E-02 6.7 1.4E-04 2.5E+00 
Uranium 1.7E-02 6.1 1.6E-04 1.9E+00 
Neptunium 5.8E-02 5.6 6.8E-04 4.9E+00 
Plutonium 1.0E-03 10.0 2.7E-06 3.9E-01 
Americium 
2.1E-03 10.0 5.5E-06 7.9E-01 
Correlation coefficient for transfer factors and 
solid-liquid partition coefficients Fixed  -0.8    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Leafy vegetables Cumulative kgdry/kgwet   
0.041 
0.054 
0.060 
0.078 
0.081 
0.084 
0.093 
0% 
17% 
33% 
50% 
67% 
83% 
100% 
Dry-to-wet weight ratio 
Other vegetables Cumulative kgdry/kgwet   
0.035 
0.063 
0.078 
0.08 
0.103 
0.122 
0.240 
0% 
17% 
33% 
50% 
67% 
83% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

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Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Fruit Cumulative kgdry/kgwet   
0.062 
0.084 
0.102 
0.155 
0.194 
0% 
25% 
50% 
75% 
100% 
Grain Cumulative kgdry/kgwet   
0.891 
0.896 
0.906 
0.918 
0% 
33% 
67% 
100% 
Forage Cumulative kgdry/kgwet   
0.182 
0.227 
0.238 
0% 
75% 
100% 
Leafy vegetables Fixed  1.0    
Other vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
Cumulative    
0.05 
0.10 
0.30 
0 % 
50 % 
100% 
Translocation factor 
Forage Fixed  1.0    
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Leafy vegetables 0.75 0.10 0.49 1.0 
Other vegetables 0.75 0.10 0.49 1.0 
Fruit 0.50 0.10 0.24 1.0 
Grain 0.90 0.05 0.77 1.0 
Fraction of overhead 
irrigation 
Forage 
Normal  
0.90 0.05 0.77 1.0 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 
Weathering half-life Cumulative d 14  
5 
14 
30 
0 % 
50 % 
100 % 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Leafy veg. 75    
Other veg. 80    
Fruit 160    
Grain 200    
Crop 
growing 
time 
Modern 
climate 
Forage 
Fixed d 
75    
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 22 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Leafy veg. 75    
Other veg. 100    
Fruit 105    
Grain 185    
Upper bound 
of glacial 
transition 
climate 
Forage 
Fixed d 
90    
Leafy veg. Cumulative kg/m2   
1.08 
1.46 
1.78 
2.01 
2.98 
3.25 
3.83 
7.79 
7.85 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
Other veg. Cumulative kg/m2   
2.8 
3.37 
3.56 
3.64 
4.92 
5.15 
6.61 
0% 
5% 
28% 
51% 
72% 
95% 
100% 
Crop wet yield 
Fruit Cumulative kg/m2   
0.73 
1.51 
2.67 
2.92 
3.00 
3.63 
6.89 
0% 
5% 
28% 
51% 
72% 
95% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 23 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Grain Cumulative kg/m2   
0.27 
0.28 
0.44 
0.54 
1.10 
1.22 
0% 
5% 
35% 
65% 
95% 
100% 
Forage Cumulative kg/m2   
0.69 
1.02 
1.87 
5.78 
6.28 
0% 
5% 
73% 
95% 
100% 
Leafy veg. Cumulative kg/m2   
0.10 
0.13 
0.14 
0.15 
0.16 
0.18 
0.30 
0.42 
0.50 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
Crop dry biomass 
Other vegetables Cumulative kg/m2   
0.30 
0.40 
0.41 
0.43 
0.44 
0.46 
0.60 
0% 
5% 
28% 
51% 
73% 
95% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 24 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Fruit Cumulative kg/m2   
0.10 
0.56 
0.60 
0.65 
0.68 
1.30 
0% 
5% 
35% 
65% 
95% 
100% 
Grain Cumulative kg/m2   
0.50 
0.61 
0.74 
1.20 
1.97 
2.20 
0% 
5% 
35% 
65% 
95% 
100% 
Forage Cumulative kg/m2   
0.10 
0.23 
0.34 
1.38 
1.50 
0% 
5% 
73% 
95% 
100% 
Daily average irrigation rate 
modern climate 
Leafy vegetables Cumulative mm/d   
4.00 
5.11 
5.19 
5.21 
5.38 
5.46 
5.98 
7.06 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 25 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Other vegetables Cumulative mm/d   
5.00 
6.05 
6.65 
6.85 
7.62 
8.19 
8.32 
9.18 
10.83 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
Fruit Cumulative mm/d   
4.00 
5.38 
7.00 
7.56 
8.35 
8.60 
10.15 
0% 
5% 
28% 
51% 
72% 
95% 
100% 
Grain Cumulative mm/d   
3.00 
3.44 
3.58 
3.86 
7.67 
9.05 
0% 
5% 
35% 
65% 
95% 
100% 
Forage Cumulative mm/d   
5.00 
5.84 
6.18 
9.00 
10.62 
0% 
5% 
73% 
95% 
100% 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 26 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Leafy vegetables Cumulative mm/d   
3.00 
3.34 
3.51 
3.86 
3.92 
4.02 
4.18 
4.93 
0% 
5% 
20% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
Other vegetables Cumulative mm/d   
2.00 
2.73 
3.08 
3.48 
4.08 
4.16 
4.43 
4.95 
5.84 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
Fruit Cumulative mm/d   
2.00 
2.51 
3.48 
4.33 
4.38 
4.79 
5.65 
0% 
5% 
28% 
51% 
72% 
95% 
100% 
Daily average irrigation rate 
upper bound of glacial 
transition climate 
Grain Cumulative mm/d   
1.00 
1.99 
3.42 
3.93 
4.11 
4.85 
0% 
5% 
35% 
65% 
95% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 27 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Forage Cumulative mm/d   
3.00 
3.64 
4.01 
5.03 
5.94 
0% 
5% 
73% 
95% 
100% 
Leafy vegetables Cumulative mm   
6.0 
7.4 
8.4 
10.0 
10.9 
20.8 
22.0 
23.6 
27.8 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
Other vegetables Cumulative mm   
8.0 
9.0 
18.7 
19.7 
21.2 
32.9 
34.9 
41.2 
48.6 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
Irrigation amount per 
application, modern climate 
Fruit Cumulative mm   
5.0 
6.0 
30.2 
35.5 
48.4 
49.2 
58.1 
0% 
5% 
28% 
51% 
72% 
95% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 28 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Grain Cumulative mm   
43.0 
48.7 
50.1 
50.3 
77.9 
91.9 
0% 
5% 
35% 
65% 
95% 
100% 
Forage Cumulative mm   
50.0 
56.5 
57.5 
60.2 
71.0 
0% 
5% 
72% 
95% 
100% 
Leafy vegetables Cumulative mm   
7.0 
7.8 
8.0 
9.0 
10.1 
19.3 
22.0 
26.1 
30.8 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% Irrigation amount per 
application, upper bound of 
glacial transition climate 
Other vegetables Cumulative mm   
10.0 
11.3 
14.4 
17.7 
20.1 
34.1 
37.2 
40.3 
47.6 
0% 
5% 
20% 
35% 
50% 
65% 
80% 
95% 
100% 
MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 29 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Fruit Cumulative mm   
6.0 
7.3 
31.4 
34.6 
43.2 
54.4 
64.2 
0% 
5% 
28% 
51% 
72% 
95% 
100% 
Grain Cumulative mm   
28.0 
32.2 
46.2 
59.9 
66.7 
78.7 
0% 
5% 
35% 
65% 
95% 
100% 
Forage Cumulative mm   
43.0 
48.3 
52.5 
61.9 
73.0 
0% 
5% 
73% 
95% 
100% 
Irrigation intensity Uniform cm/hr   1.0 7.5 MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812] 
Dry deposition velocity Cumulative m/s   
3E-4 
1E-3 
8E-3 
3E-2 
3E-1 
0 % 
16 % 
50 % 
84 % 
100 % 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 30 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
A N I M A L S U B M O D E L 
Chlorine 4.6E-02 2.0 7.7E-03 2.7E-01 
Selenium 8.8E-02 5.8 9.6E-04 8.0E+00 
Strontium 1.4E-03 4.4 3.1E-05 6.2E-02 
Technetium 1.1E-03 7.2 6.9E-06 1.8E-01 
Tin 1.9E-02 4.6 3.8E-04 9.9E-01 
Iodine 1.0E-02 2.8 6.8E-04 1.5E-01 
Cesium 2.4E-02 2.6 2.1E-03 2.7E-01 
Lead 6.3E-04 2.6 5.4E-05 7.5E-03 
Radium 8.1E-04 2.1 1.1E-04 5.7E-03 
Actinium 7.9E-05 8.2 3.5E-07 1.8E-02 
Thorium 1.1E-04 10.0 2.8E-07 4.0E-02 
Protactinium 6.6E-05 10.0 1.8E-07 2.5E-02 
Uranium 4.8E-04 3.0 2.9E-05 7.8E-03 
Neptunium 3.4E-04 8.8 1.3E-06 9.0E-02 
Plutonium 1.3E-05 10.0 3.3E-08 4.7E-03 
Animal product transfer 
coefficients for meat 
Americium 
Lognormalb d/kg 
3.4E-05 9.0 1.2E-07 9.9E-03 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Chlorine 1.8E-02 2.0 2.9E-03 1.0E-01 
Selenium 5.7E-03 2.5 5.5E-04 6.0E-02 
Strontium 1.7E-03 2.0 2.8E-04 1.0E-02 
Technetium 2.1E-03 6.0 2.0E-05 2.1E-01 
Tin 1.1E-03 2.0 1.8E-04 6.3E-03 
Iodine 9.1E-03 2.0 1.5E-03 5.4E-02 
Cesium 7.7E-03 2.0 1.3E-03 4.6E-02 
Lead 1.7E-04 3.0 1.0E-05 2.9E-03 
Radium 5.8E-04 2.0 1.0E-04 3.4E-03 
Actinium 7.6E-06 4.1 2.0E-07 2.9E-04 
Thorium 4.4E-06 2.0 7.4E-07 2.6E-05 
Animal product transfer 
coefficients for milk 
Protactinium 
Lognormalb d/L 
4.4E-06 2.0 7.4E-07 2.6E-05 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 31 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Uranium 4.9E-04 2.0 8.1E-05 2.9E-03 
Neptunium 6.3E-06 2.0 1.0E-06 3.9E-05 
Plutonium 2.3E-07 7.7 1.2E-09 4.4E-05 
Americium 
1.6E-06 4.2 3.9E-08 6.3E-05 
Chlorine 3.0E-02 2.0 5.0E-03 1.8E-01 
Selenium 5.1E+00 3.6 1.9E-01 1.4E+02 
Strontium 3.1E-02 5.8 3.4E-04 2.9E+00 
Technetium 6.3E-02 10.0 1.7E-04 2.4E+01 
Tin 3.5E-02 10.0 9.4E-05 1.3E+01 
Iodine 5.5E-02 9.7 1.6E-04 1.9E+01 
Cesium 2.6E+00 9.8 7.2E-03 9.3E+02 
Lead 2.5E-02 10.0 6.6E-05 9.3E+00 
Radium 1.7E-02 10.0 4.4E-05 6.3E+00 
Actinium 4.0E-03 2.0 6.7E-04 2.4E-02 
Thorium 5.9E-03 8.0 2.7E-05 1.3E+00 
Protactinium 3.0E-03 2.0 5.1E-04 1.8E-02 
Uranium 2.4E-01 10.0 6.5E-04 9.2E+01 
Neptunium 3.6E-03 2.0 6.0E-04 2.1E-02 
Plutonium 1.2E-03 10.0 3.2E-06 4.6E-01 
Animal product transfer 
coefficients for poultry 
Americium 
Lognormalb d/kg 
1.8E-03 10.0 4.8E-06 6.7E-01 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Chlorine 4.4E-02 10.0 1.2E-04 1.7E+01 
Selenium 7.3E+00 2.0 1.2E+00 4.4E+01 
Strontium 2.7E-01 2.0 4.5E-02 1.6E+00 
Technetium 2.4E+00 2.0 4.0E-01 1.4E+01 
Tin 8.7E-02 10.0 2.3E-04 3.3E+01 
Iodine 2.6E+00 2.0 4.4E-01 1.6E+01 
Cesium 5.9E-01 2.3 7.2E-02 4.8E+00 
Lead 5.6E-02 10.0 1.5E-04 2.1E+01 
Radium 3.9E-04 10.0 1.0E-06 1.5E-01 
Actinium 2.9E-03 2.3 3.4E-04 2.5E-02 
Animal product transfer 
coefficients for eggs 
Thorium 
Lognormalb d/kg 
3.5E-03 7.3 2.0E-05 5.9E-01 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 32 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Protactinium 2.0E-03 2.0 3.4E-04 1.2E-02 
Uranium 6.3E-01 2.5 6.0E-02 6.7E+00 
Neptunium 3.4E-03 2.4 3.4E-04 3.3E-02 
Plutonium 1.7E-03 7.4 9.7E-06 2.9E-01 
Americium 
4.9E-03 2.0 8.2E-04 2.9E-02 
Meat   29 68 
Milk   50 73 
Poultry   0.12 0.40 
Animal consumption rate of 
feed 
Eggs 
Uniform kg/d 
  0.12 0.40 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Meat Fixed 60    
Milk Uniform   60 100 
Poultry Fixed 0.5    
Animal consumption rate of 
water 
Eggs Fixed 
L/d 
0.5    
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Meat   0.4 1.0 
Milk   0.8 1.1 
Poultry   0.01 0.03 
Animal consumption rate of 
soil 
Eggs 
Uniform kg/d 
  0.01 0.03 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
F I S H S U B M O D E L 
Carbon 4.6E+03 3.2 2.3E+02 9.2E+04 
Chlorine 2.2E+02 5.6 2.6E+00 1.9E+04 
Selenium 2.3E+02 2.0 3.9E+01 1.2E+03 
Strontium 4.6E+01 2.0 7.8E+00 2.8E+02 
Technetium 2.0E+01 2.0 3.3E+00 1.2E+02 
Tin 2.5E+03 2.0 4.2E+02 1.5E+04 
Iodine 4.5E+01 2.6 3.8E+00 5.3E+02 
Cesium 3.5E+03 2.2 4.7E+02 2.5E+04 
Lead 2.9E+02 2.5 2.7E+01 3.1E+03 
Radium 6.7E+01 2.2 9.2E+00 5.0E+02 
Actinium 2.9E+01 3.0 1.7E+00 5.0E+02 
Bioaccumulation factor 
Thorium 
Lognormalb L/kg 
1.1E+02 2.5 1.0E+01 1.2E+03 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 33 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Protactinium 1.2E+01 2.0 2.0E+00 7.1E+01 
Uranium 1.4E+01 3.0 8.4E-01 2.3E+02 
Neptunium 3.0E+01 2.9 1.9E+00 4.7E+02 
Plutonium 4.1E+01 4.7 7.9E-01 2.2E+03 
Americium 
5.2E+01 2.3 5.8E+00 4.6E+02 
Carbon Fixed  1.0    Water concentration 
modifying factor, modern 
climate Other elements Uniform    2.2 6.1 
Carbon Fixed  1.0    Water concentration 
modifying factor, modern 
climate Other elements Uniform    1.5 
3.3 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
S P E C I A L C A R B O N  1 4 M O D E L 
C-14 emission rate Fixed 1/yr 22    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Annual water demand Fixed m3/yr 3,714,450    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Inhalation   2.1 2.8 Annual average wind 
speed Crops 
Uniform m/s 
  1.5 2.3 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Inhalation 2    
C-14 mixing height 
Crops 
Fixed m 
1    
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Fraction of air-derived carbon in plants Fixed  0.98    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Fraction of soil-derived carbon in plants Fixed  0.02    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Leafy vegetables 0.09    
Other vegetables 0.09    
Fruit 0.09    
Grain 0.40    
Fraction of stable carbon 
in plants 
Forage 
Fixed  
0.09    
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Fraction of stable carbon in soil Fixed  0.03    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 34 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Concentration of stable carbon in air Fixed kg/m3 1.8E-04    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Concentration of stable carbon in water Fixed kg/L 2.0E-05    MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Meat 0.24    
Milk 0.2    
Poultry 0.07    
Fraction of stable carbon in 
animal products 
Eggs 
Fixed  
0.15    
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
E X T E R N A L E X P O S U R E S U B M O D E L 
Outdoor workers   2.9 8.1 
Indoor workers   Caled Caled 
Commuters   33.9 44.5 Population proportion 
Non-workers 
Uniform % 
  34.4 44.0 
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
Active outdoors 3.1 0.2 2.6 3.7 
Inactive outdoors 4.0 0.3 3.3 4.8 
Active indoors 6.6 Caled   
Asleep indoors 8.3 0.1 8.0 8.6 
Time spent by outdoor 
workers 
Away 
Lognormalc h/d 
2.0 0.4 1.2 3.3 
Active outdoors 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 
Inactive outdoors 1.3 0.2 0.9 1.9 
Active indoors 12.1 Caled   
Asleep indoors 8.3 0.1 8.0 8.6 
Time spent by indoor 
workers 
Away 
Lognormalc h/d 
2.0 0.4 1.2 3.3 
Active outdoors 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 
Inactive outdoors 1.4 0.2 1.0 2.0 
Active indoors 6.0 Caled   
Asleep indoors 8.3 0.1 8.0 8.6 
Time spent by commuters 
Away 
Lognormalc h/d 
8.0 0.5 6.8 9.4 
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 35 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Active outdoors 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.7 
Inactive outdoors 1.2 0.2 0.8 1.8 
Active indoors 12.2 Caled   
Asleep indoors 8.3 0.1 8.0 8.6 
Time spent by nonworkers 
Away 
Lognormalc h/d 
2.0 0.4 1.2 3.3 
C-14 0.2    
Cl-36 0.4    
Se-79 0.1    
Sr-90D 0.4    
Tc-99 0.2    
Sn-126D 0.4    
I-129 0.1    
Cs-135 0.1    
Cs-137D 0.4    
Pu-242 0.1    
U-238D 0.4    
Pu-238 0.1    
U-234 0.2    
Th-230 0.3    
Ra-226D 0.4    
Pb-210D 0.4    
Pu-240 0.1    
U-236 0.1    
Th-232 0.2    
Ra-228D 0.4    
U-232 0.3    
Th-228D 0.4    
Am-243D 0.4    
Pu-239 0.3    
U-235D 0.4    
Building shielding factor 
Pa-231 
Fixed  
0.4    
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 36 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
Ac-227D 0.4    
Am-241 0.2    
Np-237D 0.4    
U-233 0.4    
Th-229D 
0.4    
Dose coefficient for exposure to contaminated 
soil (infinite depth) Fixed (Sv/y)/ 
(Bq/m2) 
See Table 
4.1-4    MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
I N H A L A T I O N S U B M O D E L 
Active outdoors 1.57    
Inactive outdoors 1.08    
Active indoors 1.08    
Asleep indoors 0.39    
Breathing rate 
Away 
Fixed m3/h 
1.08 d    
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
Dose conversion factor for inhalation Fixed Sv/Bq See Table 
4.1-3    MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
Fraction of houses with evaporative coolers Binomial  0.738 Batch size 
= 187   MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Modern climate Uniform    0.32 0.46 
Evaporative cooler 
use factor Upper bound of glacial 
transition climate Uniform    0.03 0.14 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Outdoors Uniform    0.5 0.7 Equilibrium factor for 
222Rn decay products Indoors Uniform    0.3 0.5 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 
[DIRS 163814] 
Dose conversion factor for inhalation of 222Rn 
decay products Fixed Sv/Bq 1.33E-8    MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 37 July 2003 
Table 4.1-1. Summary of Input Parameter Values and Their Uncertainty Distributions (continued) 
Parameter Name Distribution 
Type Units 
Mean, 
Mode 
or Fixed 
Value 
SD or SEa 
Minimum 
or Value 
for CD a 
Maximum 
or 
Percentile 
for CD a 
DTN/Reference 
I N G E S T I O N S U B M O D E L 
Consumption rate of water Fixed L/d 2.0    MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
Leafy vegetables 3.78 0.88   
Other vegetables 4.73 0.67   
Fruit 12.68 1.36   
Grain 0.23 0.11   
Meat 2.85 0.65   
Milk 4.66 1.68   
Poultry 0.42 0.13   
Eggs 5.30 0.83   
Consumption rate of 
locally produced food 
Fish 
Lognormalc kg/y 
0.23 0.10   
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
Inadvertent soil ingestion rate Cumulative mg/d   
50 
100 
200 
0% 
50% 
100% 
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
Dose conversion factor for ingestion Fixed Sv/Bq See Table 
4.1-3    MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813] 
NOTES: a SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error; CD = cumulative distribution 
b Lognormal distribution defined using geometric mean and geometric standard deviation 
c Lognormal distributions defined using arithmetic mean and arithmetic standard deviation 
d Breathing rate away (not in contaminated area) has no effect on the results of BDCF calculations. Any value can be used. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 38 July 2003 
Table 4.1-2. Primary Radionuclides and Their Decay Products Included in the Biosphere Model 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay 
Product Branching Fraction, % Half-life 
Carbon-14 (14C) 100 5730 yr 
Chlorine-36 (36Cl) 100 3.01E+05 yr 
Selenium-79 (79Se) 100 6.50E+04 yr 
Strontium-90 (90Sr) 100 29.12 yr 
Yttrium-90 (90Y) 100 64.0 h 
Technetium-99 (99Tc) 100 2.13E+05 yr 
Tin-126 (126Sn) 100 1.0E+05 yr 
Antimony-126m (126mSb) 100 19.0 min 
Antimony-126 (126Sb) 14 12.4 d 
Iodine-129 (129I) 100 1.57E+07 yr 
Cesium-135 (135Cs) 100 2.3E+06 yr 
Cesium-137 (137Cs) 100 30.0 yr 
Barium-137m (137mBa) 94.60 2.552 min 
T h o r i u m S e r i e s ( 4n ) 
Plutonium-240 (240Pu) 100 6.537E+03 yr 
Uranium-236 (236U) 100 2.3415E+07 yr 
Thorium-232 (232Th) 100 1.405E+10 yr 
Radium-228 (228Ra) 100 5.75E+00 yr 
Actinium-228 (228Ac) 100 6.13 hr 
Uranium-232 (232U) 100 72 yr 
Thorium-228 (228Th) 100 1.9131 yr 
Radium-224 (224Ra) 100 3.66 d 
Radon-220 (220Rn) 100 55.6 s 
Polonium-216 (216Po) 100 0.15 s 
Lead-212 (212Pb) 100 10.64 h 
Bismuth-212 (212Bi) 100 60.55 min 
Polonium-212 (212Po) 64.07 0.305 s 
Thallium-208 (208Tl) 35.93 3.07 min 
N e p t u n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 1 ) 
Americium-241 (241Am) 100 432.2 yr 
Neptunium-237 (237Np) 100 2.14E+06 yr 
Protactinium-233 (233Pa) 100 27.0 d 
Uranium-233 (233U) 100 1.585E+05 yr 
Thorium-229 (229Th) 100 7340 yr 
Radium-225 (225Ra) 100 14.8 d 
Actinium-225 (225Ac) 100 10.0 d 
Francium-221 (221Fr) 100 4.8 min 
Astatine-217 (217At) 100 32.3 ms 
Bismuth-213 (213Bi) 100 45.65 min 
Polonium-213 (213Po) 97.84 4.2 s 
Thallium-209 (209Tl) 2.16 2.20 min 
Lead-209 (209Pb)  3.253 h 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 39 July 2003 
Table 4.1-2. Primary Radionuclides and Their Decay Products Included in the Biosphere Model 
(continued) 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay 
Product Branching Fraction, % Half-life 
U r a n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 2 ) 
Plutonium-242 (242Pu) 100 3.763E+05 yr 
Uranium-238 (238U) 100 4.468E+09 yr 
Thorium-234 (234Th) 100 24.10 d 
Protactinium-234m (234mPa) 99.80 1.17 min 
Protactinium-234 (234Pa) 0.33 6.70 h 
Plutonium-238 (238Pu) 100 87.74 yr 
Uranium-234 (234U) 100 2.445E+05 yr 
Thorium-230 (230Th) 100 7.7E+04 yr 
Radium-226 (226Ra) 100 1600 yr 
Radon-222 (222Rn) 100 3.8235 d 
Polonium-218 (218Po) 100 3.05 min 
Lead-214 (214Pb) 99.98 26.8 min 
Astatine-218 (218At) 0.02 2 s 
Bismuth-214 (214Bi) 100 19.9 min 
Polonium-214 (214Po) 99.98 164.3 s 
Thallium-210 (210Tl) 0.02 1.3 min b 
Lead-210 (210Pb) 100 22.3 yr 
Bismuth-210 (210Bi) 100 5.012 d 
Polonium-210 (210Po) 100 138.38 d 
A c t i n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 3 ) 
Americium-243 (243Am) 100 7380 yr 
Neptunium-239 (239Np) 100 2.355 d 
Plutonium-239 (239Pu) 100 2.4065E+04 yr 
Uranium-235 (235U) 100 703.8E6 yr 
Thorium-231 (231Th) 100 25.52 hr 
Protactinium-231 (231Pa) 100 3.276E+04 yr 
Actinium-227 (227Ac) 100 21.773 yr 
Thorium-227 (227Th) 98.62 18.718 d 
Francium-223 (223Fr) 1.38 21.8 min 
Radium-223 (223Ra) 100 11.434 d 
Radon-219 (219Rn) 100 3.96 s 
Polonium-215 (215Po) 100 1.78 ms 
Lead-211 (211Pb) 100 36.1 min 
Bismuth-211 (211Bi) 100 2.14 min 
Thallium-207 (207Tl) 99.72 4.77 min 
Polonium-211 (211Po) 0.28 0.516 s 
Source: MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813] 
NOTE: Short-lived decay products of primary radionuclides are assumed to be in secular equilibrium with their 
parents. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 40 July 2003 
Table 4.1-3. Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation and Ingestion of Radionuclides of Interest 
Dose Conversion Factors (Sv/Bq) 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay 
Product Inhalation Ingestion 
Carbon-14 (14C) (as CO2) 6.36E-12 5.64E-10 
Chlorine-36 (36Cl) 5.93E-09 8.18E-10 
Selenium-79 (79Se) 2.66E-09 2.35E-09 
Strontium-90 (90Sr) 6.47E-08 3.85E-08 
Yttrium-90 (90Y) 2.28E-09 2.91E-09 
Technetium-99 (99Tc) 2.25E-09 3.95E-10 
Tin-126 (126Sn) 2.69E-08 5.27E-09 
Antimony-126m (126mSb) 9.17E-12 2.54E-11 
Antimony-126 (126Sb) 3.17E-09 2.89E-09 
Iodine-129 (129I) 4.69E-08 7.46E-08 
Cesium-135 (135Cs) 1.23E-09 1.91E-09 
Cesium-137 (137Cs) 8.63E-09 1.35E-08 
Barium-137m (137mBa)   
T h o r i u m S e r i e s ( 4n ) 
Plutonium-240 (240Pu) 1.16E-04 9.56E-07 
Uranium-236 (236U) 3.39E-05 7.26E-08 
Thorium-232 (232Th) 4.43E-04 7.38E-07 
Radium-228 (228Ra) 1.29E-06 3.88E-07 
Actinium-228 (228Ac) 8.33E-08 5.85E-10 
Uranium-232 (232U) 1.78E-04 3.54E-07 
Thorium-228 (228Th) 9.23E-05 1.07E-07 
Radium-224 (224Ra) 8.53E-07 9.89E-08 
Radon-220 (220Rn)   
Polonium-216 (216Po)   
Lead-212 (212Pb) 4.56E-08 1.23E-08 
Bismuth-212 (212Bi) 5.83E-09 2.87E-10 
Polonium-212 (212Po)   
Thallium-208 (208Tl)   
N e p t u n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 1 ) 
Americium-241 (241Am) 1.20E-04 9.84E-07 
Neptunium-237 (237Np) 1.46E-04 1.20E-06 
Protactinium-233 (233Pa) 2.58E-09 9.81E-10 
Uranium-233 (233U) 3.66E-05 7.81E-08 
Thorium-229 (229Th) 5.80E-04 9.54E-07 
Radium-225 (225Ra) 2.10E-06 1.04E-07 
Actinium-225 (225Ac) 2.92E-06 3.00E-08 
Francium-221 (221Fr)   
Astatine-217 (217At)   
Bismuth-213 (213Bi) 4.63E-09 1.95E-10 
Polonium-213 (213Po)   
Thallium-209 (209Tl)   
Lead-209 (209Pb) 2.56E-11 5.75E-11 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 41 July 2003 
Table 4.1-3. Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation and Ingestion of Radionuclides of Interest 
(continued) 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay 
Product 
Dose Conversion Factors (Sv/Bq) 
U r a n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 2 ) 
Plutonium-242 (242Pu) 1.11E-04 9.08E-07 
Uranium-238 (238U) 3.20E-05 6.88E-08 
Thorium-234 (234Th) 9.47E-09 3.69E-09 
Protactinium-234m (234mPa)   
Protactinium-234 (234Pa) 2.20E-10 5.84E-10 
Plutonium-238 (238Pu) 1.06E-04 8.65E-07 
Uranium-234 (234U) 3.58E-05 7.66E-08 
Thorium-230 (230Th) 8.80E-05 1.48E-07 
Radium-226 (226Ra) 2.32E-06 3.58E-07 
Radon-222 (222Rn)   
Polonium-218 (218Po)   
Lead-214 (214Pb) 2.11E-09 1.69E-10 
Astatine-218 (218At)   
Bismuth-214 (214Bi) 1.78E-09 7.64E-11 
Polonium-214 (214Po)   
Thallium-210 (210Tl)   
Lead-210 (210Pb) 3.67E-06 1.45E-06 
Bismuth-210 (210Bi) 5.29E-08 1.73E-09 
Polonium-210 (210Po) 2.54E-06 5.14E-07 
A c t i n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 3 ) 
Americium-243 (243Am) 1.19E-04 9.79E-07 
Neptunium-239 (239Np) 6.78E-10 8.82E-10 
Plutonium-239 (239Pu) 1.16E-04 9.56E-07 
Uranium-235 (235U) 3.32E-05 7.19E-08 
Thorium-231 (231Th) 2.37E-10 3.65E-10 
Protactinium-231 (231Pa) 3.47E-04 2.86E-06 
Actinium-227 (227Ac) 1.81E-03 3.80E-06 
Thorium-227 (227Th) 4.37E-06 1.03E-08 
Francium-223 (223Fr) 1.68E-09 2.33E-09 
Radium-223 (223Ra) 2.12E-06 1.78E-07 
Radon-219 (219Rn)   
Polonium-215 (215Po)   
Lead-211 (211Pb) 2.35E-09 1.42E-10 
Bismuth-211 (211Bi)   
Thallium-207 (207Tl)   
Polonium-211 (211Po)   
Source: MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813] 
NOTES: 
DCFs are in units of Sv/Bq. 
1 Sv = 100 rem 
1 Ci = 3.71010 Bq 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 42 July 2003 
Table 4.1-4. Dose Coefficients for Exposure to Contaminated Soil for Radionuclides of Interest 
Dose Coefficient 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay 
Product Ground Surface 
Sv/s per Bq/m2 
Infinite Depth 
Sv/s per Bq/m3 
Carbon-14 (14C) 1.61E-20 7.20E-23 
Chlorine-36 (36Cl) 6.73E-19 1.28E-20 
Selenium-79 (79Se) 2.07E-20 9.96E-23 
Strontium-90 (90Sr) 2.84E-19 3.77E-21 
Yttrium-90 (90Y) 5.32E-18 1.28E-19 
Technetium-99 (99Tc) 7.80E-20 6.72E-22 
Tin-126 (126Sn) 5.47E-17 7.89E-19 
Antimony-126m (126mSb) 1.52E-15 4.98E-17 
Antimony-126 (126Sb) 2.78E-15 9.16E-17 
Iodine-129 (129I) 2.58E-17 6.93E-20 
Cesium-135 (135Cs) 3.33E-20 2.05E-22 
Cesium-137 (137Cs) 2.85E-19 4.02E-21 
Barium-137m (137mBa) 5.86E-16 1.93E-17 
T h o r i u m S e r i e s ( 4n ) 
Plutonium-240 (240Pu) 8.03E-19 7.85E-22 
Uranium-236 (236U) 6.50E-19 1.15E-21 
Thorium-232 (232Th) 5.51E-19 2.79E-21 
Radium-228 (228Ra) 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 
Actinium-228 (228Ac) 9.28E-16 3.20E-17 
Uranium-232 (232U) 1.01E-18 4.83E-21 
Thorium-228 (228Th) 2.35E-18 4.25E-20 
Radium-224 (224Ra) 9.57E-18 2.74E-19 
Radon-220 (220Rn) 3.81E-19 1.23E-20 
Polonium-216 (216Po) 1.65E-20 5.58E-22 
Lead-212 (212Pb) 1.43E-16 3.77E-18 
Bismuth-212 (212Bi) 1.79E-16 6.27E-18 
Polonium-212 (212Po) 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 
Thallium-208 (208Tl) 2.98E-15 1.23E-16 
N e p t u n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 1 ) 
Americium-241 (241Am) 2.75E-17 2.34E-19 
Neptunium-237 (237Np) 2.87E-17 4.17E-19 
Protactinium-233 (233Pa) 1.95E-16 5.46E-18 
Uranium-233 (233U) 7.16E-19 7.48E-21 
Thorium-229 (229Th) 8.54E-17 1.72E-18 
Radium-225 (225Ra) 1.33E-17 5.90E-20 
Actinium-225 (225Ac) 1.58E-17 3.41E-19 
Francium-221 (221Fr) 2.98E-17 8.22E-19 
Astatine-217 (217At) 3.03E-19 9.49E-21 
Bismuth-213 (213Bi) 1.32E-16 4.10E-18 
Polonium-213 (213Po) 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 
Thallium-209 (209Tl) 1.90E-15 6.92E-17 
Lead-209 (209Pb) 3.01E-19 4.14E-21 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 43 July 2003 
Table 4.1-4. Dose Coefficients for Exposure to Contaminated Soil for Radionuclides of Interest 
(continued) 
Dose Coefficient 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay 
Product Ground Surface 
Sv/s per Bq/m2 
Infinite Depth 
Sv/s per Bq/m3 
U r a n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 2 ) 
Plutonium-242 (242Pu) 6.67E-19 6.85E-22 
Uranium-238 (238U) 5.51E-19 5.52E-22 
Thorium-234 (234Th) 8.32E-18 1.29E-19 
Protactinium-234m (234mPa) 1.53E-17 4.80E-19 
Protactinium-234 (234Pa) 1.84E-15 6.18E-17 
Plutonium-238 (238Pu) 8.38E-19 8.10E-22 
Uranium-234 (234U) 7.48E-19 2.15E-21 
Thorium-230 (230Th) 7.50E-19 6.47E-21 
Radium-226 (226Ra) 6.44E-18 1.70E-19 
Radon-222 (222Rn) 3.95E-19 1.26E-20 
Polonium-218 (218Po) 8.88E-21 3.02E-22 
Lead-214 (214Pb) 2.44E-16 7.18E-18 
Astatine-218 (218At) 4.18E-18 3.13E-20 
Bismuth-214 (214Bi) 1.41E-15 5.25E-17 
Polonium-214 (214Po) 8.13E-20 2.75E-21 
Thallium-210 (210Tl)   
Lead-210 (210Pb) 2.48E-18 1.31E-20 
Bismuth-210 (210Bi) 1.05E-18 1.93E-20 
Polonium-210 (210Po) 8.29E-21 2.80E-22 
A c t i n i u m S e r i e s ( 4n + 3 ) 
Americium-243 (243Am) 5.35E-17 7.60E-19 
Neptunium-239 (239Np) 1.63E-16 4.03E-18 
Plutonium-239 (239Pu) 3.67E-19 1.58E-21 
Uranium-235 (235U) 1.48E-16 3.86E-18 
Thorium-231 (231Th) 1.85E-17 1.95E-19 
Protactinium-231 (231Pa) 4.07E-17 1.02E-18 
Actinium-227 (227Ac) 1.57E-19 2.65E-21 
Thorium-227 (227Th) 1.04E-16 2.79E-18 
Francium-223 (223Fr) 5.65E-17 1.06E-18 
Radium-223 (223Ra) 1.28E-16 3.23E-18 
Radon-219 (219Rn) 5.49E-17 1.65E-18 
Polonium-215 (215Po) 1.74E-19 5.44E-21 
Lead-211 (211Pb) 5.08E-17 1.64E-18 
Bismuth-211 (211Bi) 4.58E-17 1.37E-18 
Thallium-207 (207Tl) 3.76E-18 1.06E-19 
Polonium-211 (211Po) 7.61E-18 2.55E-19 
Source: MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813] 
In addition, technical information from the rule at 10 CFR Part 63 [DIRS 156605] regarding the 
individual protection standard and the groundwater protection standard was used. Also, 
technical information from Eckerman and Ryman 1993 [DIRS 107684] and Lide and Frederikse 
1997 [DIRS 103178] regarding fundamental properties of nuclear transformations (such as the 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 44 July 2003 
type and energy of radiation and the half life) of radionuclides of interest was used in 
Section 6.3. 
4.2 CRITERIA 
Three requirements from the Project Requirements Document (Canori and Leitner 2003 [DIRS 
161770], Table 2-3) are applicable to this analysis (Table 4.2-1). 
Table 4.2-1. Requirements Applicable to this Analysis 
Requirement 
Number Requirement Title Related 
Regulation 
PRD-002/T-015 Requirements for Performance Assessment 10 CFR 63.114 
PRD-002/T-026 Required Characteristics of the Reference Biosphere 10 CFR 63.305 
PRD-002/T-028 Required Characteristics of the Reasonably Maximally Exposed Individual 10 CFR 63.312 
Source: Canori and Leitner (2003 [DIRS 161770], Table 2-3). 
The following NRC staff review criteria (acceptance criteria) from Section 2.2.1.3.14 (Biosphere 
Characteristics) of the Yucca Mountain Review Plan, Final Report (NRC 2003 [DIRS 163274]), 
based on the requirements of 10 CFR 63.114, 63.305, and 63.312 [DIRS 156605], are considered 
when modeling biosphere characteristics. The acceptance criteria are developed for NRC staff 
review of a repository license application and provide insight as to areas of interest for 
consideration when developing documentation of biosphere modeling. 
Acceptance Criterion 1-System Description and Model Integration Are Adequate. 
 Total system performance assessment adequately incorporates important site features, 
physical phenomena, and couplings, and consistent and appropriate assumptions 
throughout the biosphere characteristics modeling abstraction process; 
 The total system performance assessment model abstraction identifies and describes 
aspects of the biosphere characteristics modeling that are important to repository 
performance, and includes the technical bases for these descriptions. For example, the 
reference biosphere should be consistent with the arid or semi-arid conditions in the 
vicinity of Yucca Mountain; 
 Assumptions are consistent between the biosphere characteristics modeling and other 
abstractions. For example, the U.S. Department of Energy should ensure that the 
modeling of features, events, and processes, such as climate change, soil types, sorption 
coefficients, volcanic ash properties, and the physical and chemical properties of 
radionuclides are consistent with assumptions in other total system performance 
assessment abstractions; and 
Acceptance Criterion 2-Data Are Sufficient for Model Justification. 
 The parameter values used in the safety case are adequately justified (e.g., behaviors 
and characteristics of the residents of the Town of Amargosa Valley, Nevada, 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 45 July 2003 
characteristics of the reference biosphere, etc.) and consistent with the definition of the 
reasonably maximally exposed individual in 10 CFR Part 63. Adequate descriptions of 
how the data were used, interpreted, and appropriately synthesized into the parameters 
are provided; and 
 Data are sufficient to assess the degree to which features, events, and processes related 
to biosphere characteristics modeling have been characterized and incorporated in the 
abstraction. As specified in 10 CFR Part 63, the U.S. Department of Energy should 
demonstrate that features, events, and processes, which describe the biosphere, are 
consistent with present knowledge of conditions in the region, surrounding Yucca 
Mountain. As appropriate, the U.S. Department of Energy sensitivity and uncertainty 
analyses (including consideration of alternative conceptual models) are adequate for 
determining additional data needs, and evaluating whether additional data would 
provide new information that could invalidate prior modeling results and affect the 
sensitivity of the performance of the system to the parameter value or model. 
Acceptance Criterion 3-Data Uncertainty Is Characterized and Propagated Through the Model 
Abstraction. 
 Models use parameter values, assumed ranges, probability distributions, and bounding 
assumptions that are technically defensible and reasonably account for uncertainties 
and variabilities, and are consistent with the definition of the reasonably maximally 
exposed individual in 10 CFR Part 63; 
 The technical bases for the parameter values and ranges in the abstraction, such as 
consumption rates, plant and animal uptake factors, mass-loading factors, and 
biosphere dose conversion factors, are consistent with site characterization data, and are 
technically defensible; 
 Process-level models used to determine parameter values for the biosphere 
characteristics modeling are consistent with site characterization data, laboratory 
experiments, field measurements, and natural analog research; 
 Uncertainty is adequately represented in parameter development for conceptual models 
and process-level models considered in developing the biosphere characteristics 
modeling, either through sensitivity analyses, conservative limits, or bounding values 
supported by data, as necessary. Correlations between input values are appropriately 
established in the total system performance assessment, and the implementation of the 
abstraction does not inappropriately bias results to a significant degree. 
4.3 CODES AND STANDARDS 
No codes or standards, other than those identified the Project Requirements Document 
(Canori and Leitner 2003 [DIRS 161770], Table 2-3) and determined to be applicable, were 
used in this analysis. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 46 July 2003 
5. ASSUMPTIONS 
AssumptionThe BDCFs for the average lower bound of the glacial transition climate can be 
estimated from the BDCFs for the modern climate and the upper bound of the glacial transition 
climate, and they are proportional to the long-term, average annual irrigation rate for these 
climates. 
RationaleThe climate at Yucca Mountain is expected to change in the future. Although 
forecasting long-term (e.g., for the next 10,000 years) climate change is speculative, the future 
climate at Yucca Mountain was predicted based on the study of past climates (USGS 2001 
[DIRS 158378], p. 11). The predicted future climate states, durations, and future climate analog 
locations are summarized in Table 5-1. 
Table 5-1. Predicted Future Climates and the Future Climate Analog Locations 
Climate State Duration Representative Meteorological Stations 
Modern interglacial climate 400 to 600 years Yucca Mountain region 
Monsoon climate 900 to 1,400 years 
Average lower bound: 
Yucca Mountain region 
Average upper bound: 
Nogales, Arizona 
Hobbs, New Mexico 
Glacial transition climate 8,000 to 8,700 years 
Average lower bound: 
Beowawe, Nevada 
Delta, Utah 
Average upper bound: 
Spokane, Washington 
Rosalia, Washington 
St. John, Washington 
Source: USGS (2001 [DIRS 158378], Table 2). 
A proportionality function was developed based on BDCFs for the modern (interglacial) climate 
and BDCFs for the average upper bound of the glacial transition climate. These climates 
represent the two extreme conditions, with respect to temperature and precipitation, predicted to 
occur in the Yucca Mountain region during the 10,000-year postclosure period. To determine 
the dependence of BDCFs on climate, the range of each climate-dependent biosphere model 
input value was calculated. The range for each parameter spanned from the value for the modern 
climate to the value for the upper bound of the glacial transition climate. Model simulations 
were run using these parameter ranges as input. Rank correlation coefficients were calculated 
for the climate-dependent model-input parameters and the model output (i.e., the BDCFs), as 
described in Section 6.2.2. Correlation coefficients were highest for the long-term average 
annual irrigation rate (Table 6.2-3). It was assumed that the BDCFs for a given radionuclide 
were proportional to the value of the annual average irrigation rate. Using this proportionality, 
BDCFs for the monsoon climate and the glacial transition climate for each radionuclide were 
calculated by interpolation between the values (extremes) for the modern climate and the upper 
bound of the glacial transition climate (Section 6.2.2). 

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Confirmation StatusThis assumption does not require further confirmation because it is based 
on a realistic approach. 
Use in the AnalysisThe assumption is used in Section 6.2.2. 
Since BDCFs for the groundwater exposure scenario are developed by executing the biosphere 
model, any applicable ssumptions made in the Biosphere Model Report (BSC 2003 [164186], 
Section 5) and in the supporting analysis reports, documenting development of the model 
parameters (BSC 2003 [DIRS 160964]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 160965]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 160976]; 
BSC 2003 [DIRS 161239]; BSC 2003 [DIRS 161241]), are implicitly included in this analysis. 
These upstream assumptions are discussed in Section 5 of model and analysis reports. 

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6. SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS DISCUSSION 
The objectives of this analysis are to calculate: 
1. BDCFs for the groundwater exposure scenario. These BDCFs will be used in the TSPA for 
calculating the annual dose from a given concentration of a radionuclide in groundwater and 
for determining compliance with the individual protection standard (10 CFR 63.311 [DIRS 
156605]) 
2. Conversion factors that will be used to calculate gross alpha particle activity in groundwater 
and the annual dose from beta- and photon-emitting radionuclides resulting from drinking 
2 liters of water per day. These conversion factors will be used in the TSPA-LA for 
demonstrating compliance with the groundwater protection standard (10 CFR 63.331 [DIRS 
156605]). 
A radionuclide-specific BDCF for the groundwater exposure scenario is numerically equal to the 
all-pathway annual dose that a specified receptor would receive if groundwater containing a unit 
activity concentration of a given radionuclide were extracted from a well and used by the 
receptor for irrigation or domestic purposes. 
BDCFs for the groundwater exposure scenario apply to the TSPA cases that consider the release 
of radionuclides to groundwater. Scenario classes considered for TSPA include the nominal 
scenario class and the disruptive scenario classes (BSC 2002 [DIRS 160146], pp. 47 to 48). The 
nominal scenario class represents the most likely evolution of the repository system and includes 
favorable and some potentially adverse future conditions. The disruptive event scenario classes 
consider combinations of FEPs that have a low probability of occurrence but may produce 
additional potentially adverse future conditions. The disruptive event scenario classes include 
the igneous (which includes the igneous intrusion and volcanic eruption cases) and seismic 
classes, as well as a special case analyzing the stylized intrusion of a human into the repository. 
Both types of TSPA scenario classes (i.e., the nominal and disruptive) may result in the release 
of radionuclides to the groundwater. Assessment of doses for such releases involves BDCFs for 
the groundwater exposure scenario. Biosphere exposure scenarios should not be confused with 
TSPA scenario classes. The biosphere exposure scenarios consider radiological consequences of 
radionuclide releases to the reference biosphere in a given medium, such as the groundwater, 
irrespective of the cause of contamination in the groundwater. 
6.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 
6.1.1 Radionuclides Included in the Analysis 
Twenty-eight radionuclides were identified as important for the TSPA during the compliance 
period (up to 10,000 years) and the period up to 1,000,000 years for scenario classes involving 
radionuclide releases to groundwater. These radionuclides are referred to in this analysis as 
primary radionuclides, and include: carbon-14 (14C), chlorine-36 (36Cl), selenium-79 (79Se), 
strontium-90 (90Sr), technetium-99 (99Tc), tin-126 (126Sn), iodine-129 (129I), cesium-135 (135Cs), 
cesium-137 (137Cs), lead-210 (210Pb), radium-226 (226Ra), actinium-227 (227Ac), thorium-229 

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(229Th), thorium-230 (230Th), thorium-232 (232Th), protactinium-231 (231Pa), uranium-232 (232U), 
uranium-233 (233U), uranium-234 (234U), uranium-236 (236U), uranium-238 (238U), 
neptunium-237 (237Np), plutonium-238 (238Pu), plutonium-239 (239Pu), plutonium-240 (240Pu), 
plutonium-242 (242Pu), americium-241 (241Am), and americium-243 (243Am) (BSC 2002 [DIRS 
160059], p. 39). These radionuclides are referred to in this analysis as the primary 
radionuclides. The list includes radionuclides that are of potential importance during both the 
first 20,000 years and the period of up to 1,000,000 years (BSC 2002 [DIRS 160146], 
Section 1.3). The biosphere model accounts for the decay products of the primary radionuclides. 
The short-lived decay products (half-lived less than 180 days) are considered to be in secular 
equilibrium with the parent radionuclide and their contributions to the BDCFs are included in the 
BDCF for the long-lived radionuclide (either a primary radionuclide or its long-lived decay 
product) (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186], Sections 5.2 and 6.3.5). These decay products for 
radionuclides of interest are listed in Table 4.1-2. The biosphere model also accounts for the 
decay and ingrowth of the long-lived decay products in the soil and adds BDCF contributions of 
the long-lived decay products to that of the parent primary radionuclide (BSC 2003 [DIRS 
164186], Section 6.4.1.2). Two decay products of the primary radionuclides, 228Th and 228Ra, 
have half-lives greater than 180 days and are not automatically included in the BDCFs of the 
parent when the biosphere model is executed. For biosphere modeling 228Th and 228Ra are 
treated like primary radionuclides. After BDCFs are calculated for these radionuclides, their 
BDCFs are added to the BDCF of the parent primary radionuclide. In the case of 232Th, the 
BDCF includes the contribution from 228Ra, 228Th, and their short-lived decay products. The 
BDCF for 232U includes the contribution from 228Th and its short-lived decay products. 
6.1.2 Description of the Groundwater Exposure Scenario 
A detailed description of the groundwater exposure scenario, including the associated conceptual 
and mathematical models, are presented in the Biosphere Model Report (BSC 2003 [DIRS 
164186], Sections 6.3.1 and 6.4). A brief summary of the main concepts and the modeling 
approach for the groundwater exposure scenario is presented in this section. 
Radionuclide release to the reference biosphere, environmental transport, and exposure of the 
receptor are shown schematically in Figure 6.1-1. The source of radionuclides in the biosphere 
is contaminated groundwater extracted from a well, which is the interface between the geosphere 
and biosphere. The biosphere model does not consider water treatment between extraction and 
use, and therefore radionuclide concentrations in the well water are the same as those in the 
groundwater. This and other biosphere analyses frequently use the term groundwater, rather than 
well water, when referring to the water used in the reference biosphere. 
Radionuclide transport in the reference biosphere is initiated when contaminated groundwater is 
used for agricultural and domestic purposes. Five modes of groundwater use are considered in 
the model: human consumption, domestic use (evaporative coolers), crop irrigation, animal 
consumption, and fish farming. 

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Figure 6.1-1. Conceptual Representation of the Biosphere Model for the Groundwater Exposure Scenario 

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After radionuclides enter the reference biosphere, migration through the biosphere occurs due to 
a number of transport processes that lead to radionuclide contamination and accumulation in 
environmental media (e.g., soil, air, flora, and fauna). The following environmental transport 
processes are explicitly included in the biosphere model: 
 Radionuclide accumulation in soil as a result of long-term irrigation with contaminated 
water 
 Resuspension of contaminated soil 
 Radionuclide deposition on crop surfaces by dry processes (resuspension of 
contaminated soil and subsequent adhesion of soil particles onto vegetation surfaces) 
 Radionuclide deposition on crop surfaces by wet processes resulting from using 
contaminated irrigation water 
 Initial interception of deposited activity by vegetation surfaces 
 Translocation of contaminants from the deposition site to the edible tissues of vegetation 
 Post-deposition retention by vegetation (including weathering processes) 
 Radionuclide uptake by plants through the roots 
 Release of gaseous radionuclides (222Rn, 14CO2) from the soil 
 Absorption of 14CO2 by crops from the atmosphere 
 Radionuclide uptake by animals through consumption of contaminated feed, water, and 
soil, followed by transfer to animal products 
 Radionuclide transfer from water to air via evaporative coolers 
 Radionuclide transfer from water to fish (aquatic food). 
Exposure of humans to radionuclides in the environment arises when people come in contact 
with contaminated environmental media. Table 6.1-1 provides a summary of human exposure 
pathways considered in the biosphere model, as well as environmental media and typical 
activities that may potentially lead to radiation exposure. 

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Table 6.1-1. Receptor Exposure Pathways for the Groundwater Exposure Scenario 
Environmental 
Medium 
Exposure 
Mode Exposure Pathways Examples of Typical Activities 
Water Ingestion Water intake Drinking as a component of diet or in 
other foods (cooking). 
Ingestion Inadvertent soil ingestion Recreational activities, occupational 
activities, gardening, fresh fruit and 
vegetable consumption. Soil 
External External radiation exposure Activities over or near contaminated 
soil. 
Air 
Inhalation Breathing of airborne particulates 
Breathing of gases (222Rn and progeny) 
Breathing of gases (14CO2) 
Breathing of aerosols from evaporative 
coolers 
Any outdoor activities, including soildisturbing 
activities related to work 
and recreation. 
Miscellaneous domestic activities, 
including sleeping. 
Plants 
(crops for 
human and 
animal 
consumption) 
Ingestion Consumption of locally produced crops: 
Leafy vegetables 
Other vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
Eating or drinking plant material as 
part of the diet. 
Animals 
(animal 
products) 
Ingestion Consumption of locally produced animal 
products: 
Meat (beef and pork) 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
Eating or drinking animal products as 
part of the diet. 
Fish Ingestion Consumption of locally produced freshwater 
fish 
Eating fish as part of the diet. 
Source: BSC (2003 [DIRS 164186], Table 6.3-1). 
6.1.3 Consideration of Climate Change 
Climate refers to the meteorological conditions that characteristically prevail in a particular 
region. The climate model for the Yucca Mountain region was formulated using paleoclimate 
and paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on microfossil evaluations in Owens Lake, 
California, and cores and calcite isotope records from Devils Hole, Death Valley National Park, 
Nevada. The sequence and duration of past climate periods are identified and applied to the 
Yucca Mountain site, which has a similar climate setting. Temperature and precipitation records 
from present-day meteorological stations at colder and wetter sites were selected to represent 
future climate states (USGS 2001 [DIRS 158378], Section 6.6.1). 
For modeling climate change for TSPA, the climate shifts in a series of step changes between 
three different climate states in the first 10,000 years: present-day climate, monsoon climate 
(about twice the precipitation of the modern climate), and glacial transition climate (colder than 
monsoon but similar precipitation) (BSC 2002 [DIRS 160146], p. 75). Within the TSPA model, 
these shifts require coordinating the coupled submodels because they must all simultaneously 
change to the appropriate climate state. To support climate change modeling for TSPA, BDCFs 
are developed for the three climate states (Section 6.2.1). 

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6.1.4 Definition of the Receptor 
The regulations for licensing the repository include an individual protection standard for the 
performance of the repository. This standard is expressed as the annual dose limit to a 
hypothetical person called the reasonably maximally exposed individual (RMEI) 
(10 CFR 63.311 [DIRS 156605]). Analysis of annual dose includes potentially pathways of 
radionuclide transport and exposure (10 CFR 63.311 [DIRS 156605]). Changes in the reference 
biosphere, other than climate changes, are not included. 
The RMEI is a hypothetical receptor who (10 CFR 63.312 [DIRS 156605]): 
 Lives above the highest concentration of radionuclides in the plume of contamination 
 Has a diet and lifestyle representative of people who now reside in the Amargosa 
Valley based on surveys of the people residing in the Amargosa Valley that determine 
current diets and lifestyles, and then use the mean values of these factors in the 
assessments conducted for 10 CFR 63.311 and 10 CFR 63.321 
 Uses well water with average concentrations of radionuclides based on an annual water 
demand of 3,000 acre-feet 
 Drinks 2 liters of water per day from wells drilled into the groundwater from a point 
above the highest concentration of radionuclides in the plume of contamination 
 Is an adult who is physiologically consistent with present knowledge of adults. 
To meet the requirements of 10 CFR 63.312(b) [DIRS 156605], the dietary and lifestyle 
characteristics of the RMEI were determined based on surveys of people living in the Amargosa 
Valley combined with national information on behavior patterns. Characteristics of the RMEI 
were developed in a separate analysis (BSC 2003 [DIRS 161241]). 
6.1.5 Biosphere Model 
The ERMYN model (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186]), which this analysis uses to calculate BDCFs, 
models biosphere processes for radionuclides released from the repository to the biosphere, the 
environmental transport of these radionuclides, and human exposure. The Biosphere Model 
Report (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186]), which describes the ERMYN model: 
1. Describes the objectives, reference biosphere, human receptor, exposure scenarios, 
environmental transport pathways, and human exposure pathways (BSC 2003 [DIRS 
164186], Section 6.1) 
2. Develops the conceptual model based on site-specific FEPs, the reference biosphere and 
human receptor, and a number of assumptions (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186], Sections 6.2 
and 6.3) 
3. Describes the mathematical model and submodels based on the conceptual model and other 
published biosphere models (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186], Sections 6.4 and 6.5) 

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4. Summarizes model input parameters and uncertainty distributions (BSC 2003 [DIRS 
164186], Section 6.6) 
5. Identifies model improvements compared with the previous biosphere model (BSC 2003 
[DIRS 164186], Section 6.7) 
6. Constructs the ERMYN implementation tool (based on the mathematical model) using 
GoldSim stochastic simulation software (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186], Sections 6.8 and 6.9) 
7. Verifies the ERMYN implementation tool in GoldSim (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186], 
Section 6.10) 
8. Validates the ERMYN model by comparing the conceptual and mathematical models and by 
comparing the numerical results with results from other published biosphere models (BSC 
2003 [DIRS 164186], Section 7). 
The ERMYN model was designed to perform an environmental radiation dose assessment and 
can calculate radionuclide-specific dose or provide a radionuclide-specific BDCF for a given 
receptor. Use of the ERMYN model in performance assessment is limited to the calculation of 
BDCFs. 
Input parameters for the biosphere model are developed and documented in a series of five 
model parameter reports: 
 BSC 2003 [DIRS 160976]. Agricultural and Environmental Parameters for the 
Biosphere Model. ANL-MGR-MD-000006 REV 01. 
 BSC 2003 [DIRS 161241]. Characteristics of the Receptor for the Biosphere Model. 
ANL-MGR-MD-000005 REV 02. 
 BSC 2003 [DIRS 160964]. Environmental Transport Input Parameters for the 
Biosphere Model. ANL-MGR-MD-000007 REV 01. 
 BSC 2003 [DIRS 160965]. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere 
Model. ANL-MGR-MD-000001 REV 02. 
 BSC 2003 [DIRS 161239]. Soil-Related Input Parameters for the Biosphere Model. 
ANL-NBS-MD-000009 REV 01. 
The architecture of the biosphere model for the groundwater exposure scenario, including the 
submodels, is shown in Figure 6.1-2. The submodels address radionuclide transport to, and 
accumulation in, specific environmental media (e.g., soil, air, plants, animals, and fish) and the 
inhalation, ingestion, and external exposure pathways. 

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Figure 6.1-2. Relationships Among Submodels for the Groundwater Exposure Scenario 

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6.2 DEVELOPMENT OF BIOSPHERE DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR THE 
GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE SCENARIO 
BDCFs for groundwater exposure scenario were calculated, using probabilistic analysis, in a 
series of simulations for each of the 28 primary radionuclides and 2 long-lived decay products, 
228Th and 228Ra (Section 6.1.1). Each simulation resulted in 1,000 model realizations (see 
Attachment III for justification). (Model realization is one of the possible model outcomes 
obtained as a result of a single round of sampling of the model input parameters.) This section 
describes the format and the summary of the results of biosphere modeling for the volcanic ash 
scenario, as well as their use in the TSPA model. 
6.2.1 Modeling Methods: Treatment of Uncertainty 
The probabilistic approach was chosen to develop BDCFs. This approach allows statistical 
sampling of parameter values defined by their probability distribution functions. This method, 
called Monte Carlo analysis, provides a quantitative evaluation of the parameter uncertainties 
and their impacts on the modeling outcome. Uncertainty in the model outcome is represented by 
the probability distribution functions of the BDCFs. Input parameter values were sampled using 
the Latin Hypercube Sampling for consistency with the sampling technique to be used in 
TSPA-LA (BSC 2002 [DIRS 160146], Section 7.3). With Latin Hypercube Sampling, the 
probability distribution is divided into intervals of equal probability. The code then randomly 
samples a value within each interval, which results in a more even and consistent sampling 
compared with the conventional Monte Carlo random sampling scheme. The value of the 
random seed was set to 1. 
6.2.2 Modeling Methods: Incorporation of Climate Change 
The biosphere model was constructed for a reference biosphere with an arid or semi-arid climate. 
The climate during the compliance period is projected to change from the modern (interglacial) 
climate, through a monsoon climate, to a glacial transition climate. Although the monsoon 
climate generally is wetter, and the glacial transition climate is wetter and cooler than the modern 
climate, the radionuclide environmental transport pathways and the human exposure pathways 
are expected to remain essentially unchanged. The conceptual and mathematical structure of the 
ERMYN model was designed such that it is appropriate for the entire 10,000-year postclosure 
period. Climate change is addressed through model input parameters, which use different values 
depending on the climate. 
Detailed model input was developed for the anticipated extremes of climate, the modern climate 
and the upper bound of the glacial transition climate (which is predicted to start in about 
2,000 years and last through the compliance period). For the upper bound of the glacial 
transition climate, climate-dependent model input parameters were based on future climate 
analog sites represented by meteorological conditions in east central Washington state. Although 
these are extremes in climate predictions, they remain arid to semi-arid. During the compliance 
period, the climate conditions are expected to be variable and may fall between the two extremes 
for which input data were developed. The approach adopted, to provide the TSPA-LA with 
BDCFs representing possible future climate variation between the two extremes, is provided 
below. 

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BDCFs were calculated for two climates (the modern climate and the average upper bound of the 
glacial transition climate) representing the upper and lower bounds of the expected range of the 
temperature and precipitation over the 10,000-year postclosure period. The mean values of the 
BDCFs for these two climate states, and the ratio of the two, are shown in Table 6.2-1. 
Table 6.2-1. Differences Between Mean Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Climate Extremes 
Mean BDCF, rem/yr per pCi/L 
Radionuclide 
Modern Climate Glacial Transition 
Climate- Upper Bound 
BDCF Ratio (Modern to 
Glacial Transition 
Climate) 
14C 9.06E-06 8.48E-06 1.07 
36Cl 1.95E-05 1.45E-05 1.34 
79Se 6.49E-05 4.23E-05 1.54 
90Sr 1.64E-04 1.43E-04 1.15 
99Tc 2.21E-06 1.89E-06 1.17 
126Sn 6.29E-03 3.51E-03 1.79 
129I 3.37E-04 2.92E-04 1.16 
135Cs 5.59E-05 3.41E-05 1.64 
137Cs 4.87E-04 2.89E-04 1.69 
210Pb 9.04E-03 7.48E-03 1.21 
226Ra 9.58E-02 5.71E-02 1.68 
227Ac 3.09E-02 1.75E-02 1.77 
229Th 3.37E-02 1.83E-02 1.84 
230Th 2.87E-02 1.70E-02 1.69 
232Th 4.41E-02 2.44E-02 1.81 
231Pa 9.91E-02 5.71E-02 1.74 
232U 5.78E-03 3.25E-03 1.78 
233U 1.74E-03 1.00E-03 1.74 
234U 1.21E-03 6.96E-04 1.74 
236U 1.08E-03 6.17E-04 1.75 
238U 1.08E-03 6.19E-04 1.74 
237Np 6.92E-03 5.09E-03 1.36 
238Pu 4.67E-03 3.38E-03 1.38 
239Pu 9.16E-03 5.94E-03 1.54 
240Pu 8.93E-03 5.81E-03 1.54 
242Pu 8.83E-03 5.71E-03 1.55 
241Am 6.78E-03 4.64E-03 1.46 
243Am 9.43E-03 6.09E-03 1.55 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], 
MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 [DIRS 163812], 
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: The mean BDCF values and their ratios were calculated using Excel (BDCF Realizations for Groundwater 
MC and FC.xls; Attachment I). 
The BDCF values for the upper bound of the glacial transition climate are consistently lower 
than the corresponding values for the modern climate. The differences between the BDCFs are 
about a factor of less than two. For example, the factors for four radionuclides identified as 
important in the previous TSPA effort (BSC 2001 [DIRS 154659], Figures 4.1-8a and 4.1-8b) 

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were 1.07 for 14C, 1.17 for 99Tc, 1.16 for 129I, and 1.36 for 237Np. Inspection of the BDCF 
distributions for the modern climate (Table 6.2-5) indicates that the BDCF variability, as 
measured by the 95- to the 5-percentile point, is a factor of about 4.2 for 14C, 3.5 for 99Tc, 2.2 for 
129I, and 2.6 for 237Np. Variability in the BDCF values due to normal parametric uncertainty 
dominates the change in expected mean BDCF values caused by extreme climate change. It was 
therefore appropriate to use interpolation between the two extreme climate states, for which 
detailed information was available, to generate BDCFs for the expected distribution of climates 
in the future. 
To evaluate this approach, the influence of climate change on the BDCF values was investigated. 
For the input parameters that are affected by climate change (Table 6.2-2), uniform distributions 
of parameter values were constructed ranging between the parameter averages for the extreme 
climates (i.e., the modern and the upper bound of the glacial transition climates). The uniform 
distribution was selected because it is the simplest distribution that captures the range of 
parameter values. 
Table 6.2-2. Climate-dependent Input Parameters and Average Values for the Modern Climate and the 
Upper Bound of the Glacial Transition Climate 
Parameter Modern Climate Glacial Transition Climate 
(Upper Bound) 
Growing time, other vegetables 80 d 100 d 
Growing time, fruits 160 d 105 d 
Growing time, grains 200 d 185 d 
Growing time, cattle forage 75 d 90 d 
Irrigation application, leafy vegetables 14.7 mm 14.6 mm 
Irrigation application, other vegetables 25.4 mm 25.0 mm 
Irrigation application, fruits 33.9 mm 34.2 mm 
Irrigation application, grains 56.8 mm 51.3 mm 
Irrigation application, cattle forage 57.8 mm 53.5 mm 
Average annual irrigation rate 0.94 m/yr 0.50 m/yr 
Daily average irrigation rate, leafy vegetables 5.40 mm/d 3.81 mm/d 
Daily average irrigation rate, other vegetables 7.55 mm/d 3.84 mm/d 
Daily average irrigation rate, fruits 7.38 mm/d 3.90 mm/d 
Daily average irrigation rate, grains 4.64 mm/d 3.36 mm/d 
Daily average irrigation rate, cattle forage 6.54 mm/d 4.14 mm/d 
Overwatering rate 0.079 m/yr 0.067 m/yr 
Water concentration modifying factor (for fisheries) 4.15 2.4 
Evaporative cooler use factor 0.39 0.085 
Source: MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 [DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], 
MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
The model was executed using these distributions for the climate-dependent parameters with the 
other input parameter distributions and values left unchanged. BDCF values for 1,000 model 
realizations were calculated for each primary radionuclide (Section 6.1.1). The influence of 
climate-dependent input parameters on the model output was determined by calculating rank 
correlation coefficients for the BDCFs and climate-dependent input parameters (Table 6.2-3). 
The shaded cells contain correlation coefficients with values that differ from zero at the 
99 percent confidence level (see Section 6.2.3 for discussion of the statistical test to determine 
values of correlation coefficients that represent true correlation at a given confidence level). The 

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calculations were carried out using Excel (Correlations for Climate Dependent Parameters.xls; 
Attachments I and II). 
The parameter for which rank correlation coefficients are consistently among the highest is the 
average annual irrigation rate (Table 6.2-3). The second highest correlation coefficients are for 
the evaporative cooler use factor. The relationships between the average annual irrigation rate 
and the BDCFs for 99Tc, 129I, and 237Np are shown in Table 6.2-4. If the raw individual 
realization data are plotted, the stochastic variability among BDCFs from the multiple random 
inputs results in plots that show little discernable trend. To generate graphs illustrating the trend, 
averaging over realizations to minimize the impact of other variables was required. The results 
of model realizations were sorted by annual irrigation rate, and the irrigation rate and the 
corresponding BDCFs were averaged in blocks of 100 values. Graphical representations for 
selected radionuclides are shown in Table 6.2-4. The graphs were generated in Excel 
(Dependence of BDCFs on Irrigation Rate.xls; Attachments I and II). 
BDCFs for 10 radionuclides also show a positive correlation with the evaporative cooler use 
factor, and BDCFs for 3 radionuclides show a positive correlation with the water concentration 
modifying factor. There is a positive correlation between the average annual irrigation rate, the 
evaporative cooler use factor, and the water concentration modifying factor because all these 
parameters have higher values in hotter climates. The annual average irrigation rate is a function 
of evapotranspiration (BSC 2003 [DIRS 160976], Section 6.5.2), which depends on temperature, 
as do the evaporative cooler use factor (BSC 2003 [DIRS 161241], Section 6.3.4.2) and the 
water concentration modifying factor ((BSC 2003 [DIRS 161241], Section 6.4.3). Therefore, the 
annual average irrigation rate was considered a surrogate parameter to represent the dependence 
of the BDCFs on the evaporative cooler use factor and the water concentration modifying factor. 
The correlation between the irrigation rate and the BDCF for 14C is negative. This is because the 
BDCF for 14C depends on the concentration of 14C in the air, which is proportional to the square 
root of the irrigated area; which, in turn, is inversely proportional to the amount of average 
annual irrigation (i.e., for a given volume of water, a greater area can be irrigated if the irrigation 
rate is lower). In spite of this, the BDCF for 14C for the upper bound of the glacial transition 
climate is less than the BDCF for the modern climate due to the combined influence of other 
climate-dependent parameters, which reduce the BDCF value for 14C for the upper bound of the 
glacial transition climate. 

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Table 6.2-3. Correlations (Rank Correlation Coefficients) Between BDCFs and Climate-dependent Input 
Parameters 
Growing time Irrigation Application 
Radio-nuclide 
Other 
Vegetables 
Fruits 
Grains 
Cattle Forage 
Leafy 
Vegetables 
Other 
Vegetables 
Fruits 
Grains 
Cattle Forage 
14C 0.0074 0.0617 0.0493 -0.0661 0.0162 0.0642 0.0286 0.0391 0.0426 
36Cl 0.0352 0.0597 0.0334 -0.0101 0.0718 0.0165 0.0171 0.0239 -0.0084 
79Se 0.0089 -0.0365 0.0158 -0.0297 -0.0265 0.0035 -0.0508 0.0119 -0.0194 
90Sr -0.0073 0.0269 0.0113 -0.0250 0.0904 -0.0147 -0.0292 0.0557 0.0322 
99Tc -0.0213 0.0192 -0.0373 -0.0004 0.0359 0.0388 -0.0847 0.0027 -0.0045 
126Sn 0.0361 -0.0172 0.0212 -0.0913 0.0535 0.0005 0.0065 -0.0151 -0.0103 
129I -0.0256 0.0510 -0.0021 -0.0060 0.0664 0.0032 0.0087 0.0778 -0.0284 
135Cs 0.0717 0.0457 0.0268 -0.0237 0.0385 0.0145 -0.0025 0.0048 0.0565 
137Cs 0.0714 0.0334 0.0443 -0.0335 0.0146 0.0024 -0.0111 0.0081 0.0175 
210Pb 0.0048 0.0328 0.0080 0.0197 -0.0197 -0.0202 -0.0447 0.0202 -0.0157 
226Ra 0.0201 -0.0213 0.0408 -0.0442 0.0812 -0.0094 0.0121 -0.0467 0.0150 
227Ac 0.0444 -0.0430 -0.0008 -0.0280 0.0381 0.0250 -0.0671 -0.0363 0.0537 
229Th 0.0118 -0.0853 0.0346 -0.0660 0.0568 0.0391 0.0007 -0.0509 0.0344 
230Th 0.0185 -0.0235 0.0209 -0.0540 0.0534 -0.0068 0.0135 -0.0475 0.0185 
232Th 0.0157 -0.0759 0.0328 -0.0706 0.0524 0.0347 0.0013 -0.0569 0.0330 
231Pa 0.0047 -0.0925 0.0346 -0.0325 0.0402 0.0071 0.0404 -0.0496 0.0290 
232U 0.0334 -0.0256 0.0088 0.0140 0.0374 0.0037 -0.0821 -0.0303 0.0049 
233U 0.0272 -0.0010 -0.0123 0.0357 0.0391 -0.0080 -0.0511 -0.0215 -0.0108 
234U 0.0301 -0.0048 -0.0067 0.0352 0.0420 -0.0062 -0.0541 -0.0216 -0.0068 
236U 0.0291 -0.0077 -0.0035 0.0358 0.0425 -0.0037 -0.0561 -0.0188 -0.0050 
238U 0.0290 -0.0046 -0.0042 0.0365 0.0419 -0.0037 -0.0561 -0.0180 -0.0065 
237Np 0.0158 -0.0445 0.0094 0.0027 0.0025 0.0449 -0.0416 -0.0325 0.0402 
238Pu 0.0222 -0.0367 0.0184 -0.0214 0.0702 0.0344 -0.0265 -0.0137 0.0293 
239Pu 0.0006 -0.0725 0.0390 -0.0265 0.0720 0.0230 0.0120 -0.0439 0.0218 
240Pu 0.0007 -0.0715 0.0404 -0.0273 0.0729 0.0250 0.0111 -0.0435 0.0233 
242Pu 0.0008 -0.0723 0.0388 -0.0265 0.0717 0.0225 0.0120 -0.0442 0.0220 
241Am 0.0194 -0.0802 0.0083 -0.0205 0.0513 0.0334 -0.0307 -0.0335 0.0293 
243Am 0.0224 -0.0737 0.0059 -0.0098 0.0600 0.0165 -0.0214 -0.0396 0.0105 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], 
MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 [DIRS 163812], 
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: Values were calculated using Excel (Correlations for climate dependent parameters.xls; Attachment I). 
Correlation coefficients in shaded cells differ significantly from zero at the 99% confidence level. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 61 July 2003 
Table 6.2-3. Correlations (Rank Correlation Coefficients) Between the BDCFs and Climate-dependent 
Input Parameters (continued) 
Daily Average Irrigation Rate 
Radionuclide 
Average Annual 
Irrigation Rate 
Leafy Vegetables 
Other Vegetables 
Fruits 
Grains 
Cattle Forage 
Overwatering 
Rate 
Water concentration 
modifying 
factor 
Evaporative 
Cooler Use Factor 
14C -0.0800 -0.0247 0.0272 0.0461 0.0276 0.0969 -0.0489 0.0000 0.0337 
36Cl 0.1823 -0.0018 0.0362 -0.0311 -0.0054 0.0222 -0.0957 0.0486 0.0499 
79Se 0.1716 -0.0281 0.0010 0.0550 -0.0133 0.0327 -0.0380 -0.0312 -0.0166 
90Sr 0.2166 0.0122 0.0188 0.0262 0.0650 0.0607 -0.0628 0.0710 0.0091 
99Tc 0.1980 0.0327 -0.0254 0.0279 0.0175 0.0433 -0.0446 0.0566 0.0210 
126Sn 0.2660 -0.0288 -0.0101 0.0307 -0.0251 0.0153 -0.0349 0.0058 -0.0468 
129I 0.0758 -0.0141 -0.0213 0.0030 0.0372 0.0880 -0.0518 0.0243 0.0078 
135Cs 0.0965 -0.0291 0.0169 -0.0820 0.0053 0.0076 -0.0525 0.1242 0.0176 
137Cs 0.2233 -0.0251 0.0195 -0.0237 0.0214 0.0021 -0.0267 0.1342 0.0154 
210Pb 0.0027 0.0011 -0.0216 0.0124 -0.0601 0.0461 0.0310 0.1776 0.0367 
226Ra 0.3446 -0.0141 0.0155 0.0029 -0.0092 0.0205 -0.0601 0.0194 -0.0568 
227Ac 0.0942 0.0367 0.0184 0.0085 -0.0060 0.0081 0.0063 -0.0094 0.3785 
229Th 0.2291 -0.0032 0.0267 0.0306 0.0252 0.0268 -0.0201 0.0132 0.0843 
230Th 0.1848 -0.0194 0.0087 -0.0097 0.0079 0.0505 -0.0377 0.0013 -0.0201 
232Th 0.2691 -0.0140 0.0208 0.0175 0.0273 0.0316 -0.0232 0.0025 0.0587 
231Pa 0.2179 0.0247 0.0069 0.0413 0.0323 0.0195 -0.0070 -0.0066 -0.0020 
232U 0.1619 0.0230 0.0530 -0.0419 -0.0064 0.0045 -0.0013 -0.0211 0.2532 
233U 0.1086 0.0201 0.0386 -0.0313 0.0134 0.0275 -0.0054 -0.0209 0.1017 
234U 0.1159 0.0252 0.0393 -0.0363 0.0149 0.0249 -0.0026 -0.0253 0.1324 
236U 0.1173 0.0271 0.0425 -0.0342 0.0147 0.0230 -0.0026 -0.0275 0.1397 
238U 0.1191 0.0253 0.0429 -0.0365 0.0142 0.0232 -0.0028 -0.0258 0.1323 
237Np 0.1645 0.0553 0.0343 -0.0168 -0.0408 0.0159 -0.0427 0.0258 0.2337 
238Pu 0.1744 0.0288 0.0147 0.0634 -0.0024 -0.0181 -0.0022 0.0406 0.2309 
239Pu 0.2266 0.0022 0.0256 0.0373 0.0113 -0.0091 -0.0163 0.0208 0.0658 
240Pu 0.2304 0.0035 0.0262 0.0399 0.0119 -0.0102 -0.0172 0.0218 0.0693 
242Pu 0.2251 0.0016 0.0254 0.0362 0.0113 -0.0087 -0.0156 0.0203 0.0646 
241Am 0.2174 0.0662 0.0149 0.0376 0.0203 -0.0019 -0.0398 0.0292 0.1176 
243Am 0.2048 0.0509 0.0024 0.0289 0.0163 0.0178 -0.0574 0.0135 0.0460 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], 
MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 [DIRS 163812], 
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: Values were calculated using Excel (Correlations for climate dependent parameters.xls; Attachment I). 
Correlation coefficients in shaded cells differ significantly from zero at the 99% confidence level. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 62 July 2003 
Table 6.2-4. Dependence of BDCFs for 99Tc, 129I, and 237Np on Annual Average Irrigation Rate 
Realization 
Number a 
Irrigation 
Rate b 
BDCF c 
T e c h n e t i u m  9 9 
1-100 5.22E-01 1.58E-06 
101-200 5.66E-01 1.64E-06 
201-300 6.09E-01 1.69E-06 
301-400 6.51E-01 1.77E-06 
401-500 6.95E-01 1.71E-06 
501-600 7.39E-01 1.72E-06 
601-700 7.83E-01 1.75E-06 
701-800 8.27E-01 1.78E-06 
801-900 8.71E-01 1.89E-06 
901-1000 9.15E-01 1.82E-06 
Tc-99 
y = 6E-07x + 1E-06 
R2 = 0.7795 
1.5E-06 
1.6E-06 
1.7E-06 
1.8E-06 
1.9E-06 
2.0E-06
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 
Annual average irrigation rate, m/yr 
BDCF, rem/yr per pCi/L 
I o d i n e  1 2 9 
1-100 5.28E-01 2.91E-04 
101-200 5.84E-01 2.95E-04 
201-300 6.40E-01 2.90E-04 
301-400 6.96E-01 2.94E-04 
401-500 7.52E-01 3.10E-04 
501-600 8.08E-01 3.09E-04 
601-700 8.64E-01 3.01E-04 
701-800 9.20E-01 3.07E-04 
801-900 9.76E-01 3.20E-04 
901-1000 1.03E+00 3.06E-04 
I-129 
y = 6E-05x + 0.0003 
R2 = 0.6166 
2.8E-04 
2.9E-04 
3.0E-04 
3.1E-04 
3.2E-04 
3.3E-04
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 
Annual average irrigation rate, m/yr 
BDCF, rem/yr per pCi/L 
N e p t u n i u m  2 3 7 
1-100 5.28E-01 5.21E-03 
101-200 5.84E-01 5.49E-03 
201-300 6.40E-01 5.31E-03 
301-400 6.96E-01 5.43E-03 
401-500 7.52E-01 5.47E-03 
501-600 8.08E-01 5.84E-03 
601-700 8.64E-01 5.74E-03 
701-800 9.20E-01 6.00E-03 
801-900 9.76E-01 5.93E-03 
901-1000 1.03E+00 5.79E-03 
Np-237 
y = 0.0018x + 0.0043 
R2 = 0.7656 
5.0E-03 
5.2E-03 
5.4E-03 
5.6E-03 
5.8E-03 
6.0E-03 
6.2E-03
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 
Annual average irrigation rate, m/yr 
BDCF, rem/yr per pCi/L 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], 
MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 [DIRS 163812], 
MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTES: 
Values were calculated using Excel (Dependence of BDCFs on Irrigation Rate.xls; Attachment I). 
a Realization number after sorting by annual average irrigation rate 
b Average of the long-term irrigation rate (annual average irrigation rate) for the range of realizations. 
c Average of the BDCFs for the range of realizations. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 63 July 2003 
Given that the BDCFs can be shown to increase linearly with the value of a climate-dependent 
parameter, the BDCFs for the average upper bound of the monsoon and the average lower bound 
of the glacial transition climates were calculated by interpolation between the BDCF values for 
the modern and the upper bound of the glacial transition climates. It was assumed that BDCFs 
can be scaled with the average annual irrigation rate. Based on the future climate analog sites 
(DTN: MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 [DIRS 163812]), values of the average annual irrigation rates 
are: 
0.94 m/yr for the modern climate and the lower bound of the monsoon climate 
0.88 m/yr for the lower bound of the glacial transition climate (based on Delta, Utah) 
0.52 m/yr for the upper bound of the monsoon climate (based on Nogales, Arizona) 
0.50 m/yr for the upper bound of the glacial transition climate (based on Spokane and other 
locations in east central Washington). 
Because differences between the irrigation rates for the upper bound of the monsoon (0.52 m/yr) 
and the upper bound of the glacial transition climates (0.50 m/yr) are small, one value of 
0.50 m/yr is used. The relationship between the average annual irrigation rates and the BDCFs 
for the climate states under consideration is shown in Figure 6.2-1. 
0.50 0.88 0.94 
Annual average irrigation rate (m/y) 
Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor 
Monsoon Climate 
Glacial Transition 
Climate 
Glacial Transition Climate 
Monsoon Climate 
BDCF for lower bound of glacial transition climate 
BDCF for upper bound of glacial transition climate and upper bound 
of monsoon climate 
BDCF for modern climate and lower bound of monsoon climate 
Figure 6.2-1. Scaling of the Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 64 July 2003 
BDCF values for the lower bound of the glacial transition climate can be calculated as: 
) ( 
50 . 0 94 . 0 
50 . 0 88 . 0 
UBGT IC UBGT LBGT BDCF BDCF BDCF BDCF - 
-
- 
+ = (Eq. 6.2-1) 
where 
BDCFLBGT = BDCF for the lower bound of glacial transition climate 
BDCFUBGT = BDCF for the upper bound of glacial transition climate 
BDCFIC = BDCF for the modern climate (interglacial) 
50 . 0 94 . 0 
50 . 0 88 . 0 
-
- 
= 
Scaling factor equal to the difference between the average annual 
irrigation rate for the modern climate and the lower bound of the 
glacial transition climates divided by the difference between the 
average annual irrigation rate for the modern climate and the upper 
bound of the glacial transition climate. 
BDCF values for individual realizations for the monsoon and the glacial transition climates were 
then calculated by randomly sampling over the range of BDCF values for these climates. For the 
monsoon climate, the sampling was over the entire range between the two extreme BDCF values 
for an individual realization (i.e., the values for the modern climate and the upper bound of the 
glacial transition climate), and was calculated as 
RAND BDCF BDCF BDCF BDCF UBGT IC UBGT MC ) ( - + = (Eq. 6.2-2) 
where 
BDCFMC = BDCF for the monsoon climate 
RAND = random number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1 
For the glacial transition climate, the sampling was between the value for the lower and upper 
bounds of the glacial transition climate and was calculated as 
RAND BDCF BDCF BDCF BDCF UBGT IC UBGT GTC ) ( 
50 . 0 94 . 0 
50 . 0 88 . 0 - 
-
- 
+ = (Eq. 6.2-3) 
where 
BDCFGTC = BDCF for the glacial transition climate 
These calculations were performed using Excel (BDCF Realizations for Groundwater MC and 
FC.xls; Attachments I and II). 
6.2.3 Modeling Results: Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors 
BDCFs for the modern climate, monsoon climate, and glacial transition climate were calculated 
as described in the previous section. The BDCFs for a specific climate state consist of a set of 
1,000 row vectors, with vector elements representing BDCFs for different radionuclides and a 
row (vector) number corresponding to a model realization. The full sets of BDCF vectors for the 
three climate states are given in BDCF Realizations for Groundwater MC and FC.xls 
(Attachment II). Summary statistics for the BDCFs are presented in Tables 6.2-5 to 6.2-7 for the 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 65 July 2003 
modern climate, monsoon climate, and glacial transition climate, respectively. The statistics 
include the mean, standard deviation (STD), minimum, maximum, and percentiles of cumulative 
distribution in increments of 5%. 
In all of the tables containing the results, the values for 232Th include contributions from 228Ra 
and 228Th and their short-lived decay products. Similarly, values for 232U include contributions 
from 228Th and its short-lived decay products 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 66 July 2003 
Table 6.2-5. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Modern Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L. 
14C 36C 79Se 90Sr 99Tc 126Sn 129I 135Cs 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 
Mean 9.06E-06 1.95E-05 6.49E-05 1.64E-04 2.21E-06 6.29E-03 3.37E-04 5.59E-05 4.87E-04 9.04E-03 9.58E-02 
STD 6.05E-06 2.84E-05 1.29E-04 2.46E-05 1.48E-06 3.95E-03 1.17E-04 3.99E-05 2.54E-04 3.48E-03 4.65E-02 
Minimum 4.15E-06 3.22E-06 9.26E-06 1.21E-04 1.16E-06 1.44E-04 2.20E-04 9.17E-06 1.70E-04 5.71E-03 2.20E-03 
5% 4.90E-06 4.86E-06 1.44E-05 1.34E-04 1.30E-06 1.00E-03 2.39E-04 1.98E-05 2.28E-04 6.21E-03 3.93E-02 
10% 5.15E-06 5.57E-06 1.69E-05 1.38E-04 1.35E-06 1.85E-03 2.47E-04 2.24E-05 2.57E-04 6.36E-03 4.70E-02 
15% 5.38E-06 6.27E-06 1.97E-05 1.41E-04 1.41E-06 2.40E-03 2.55E-04 2.55E-05 2.77E-04 6.57E-03 5.27E-02 
20% 5.61E-06 6.83E-06 2.16E-05 1.45E-04 1.45E-06 3.10E-03 2.62E-04 2.78E-05 3.00E-04 6.74E-03 5.75E-02 
25% 5.80E-06 7.75E-06 2.35E-05 1.47E-04 1.50E-06 3.56E-03 2.70E-04 3.02E-05 3.19E-04 6.91E-03 6.22E-02 
30% 6.00E-06 8.48E-06 2.50E-05 1.50E-04 1.55E-06 4.00E-03 2.77E-04 3.32E-05 3.35E-04 7.06E-03 6.60E-02 
35% 6.24E-06 9.46E-06 2.71E-05 1.52E-04 1.60E-06 4.49E-03 2.82E-04 3.55E-05 3.58E-04 7.26E-03 7.09E-02 
40% 6.44E-06 1.02E-05 2.97E-05 1.54E-04 1.65E-06 4.81E-03 2.90E-04 3.83E-05 3.77E-04 7.45E-03 7.50E-02 
45% 6.74E-06 1.13E-05 3.30E-05 1.57E-04 1.70E-06 5.11E-03 2.97E-04 4.07E-05 4.02E-04 7.68E-03 8.00E-02 
50% 7.10E-06 1.22E-05 3.63E-05 1.59E-04 1.76E-06 5.41E-03 3.05E-04 4.40E-05 4.23E-04 7.91E-03 8.51E-02 
55% 7.48E-06 1.33E-05 3.94E-05 1.62E-04 1.82E-06 5.82E-03 3.13E-04 4.68E-05 4.53E-04 8.18E-03 9.28E-02 
60% 7.84E-06 1.49E-05 4.33E-05 1.64E-04 1.90E-06 6.22E-03 3.25E-04 5.10E-05 4.77E-04 8.61E-03 9.98E-02 
65% 8.34E-06 1.69E-05 4.80E-05 1.68E-04 2.00E-06 6.89E-03 3.35E-04 5.57E-05 5.07E-04 8.93E-03 1.06E-01 
70% 8.99E-06 1.91E-05 5.35E-05 1.70E-04 2.12E-06 7.60E-03 3.49E-04 6.03E-05 5.36E-04 9.40E-03 1.14E-01 
75% 9.83E-06 2.18E-05 6.21E-05 1.75E-04 2.30E-06 8.38E-03 3.67E-04 6.83E-05 5.75E-04 9.96E-03 1.23E-01 
80% 1.07E-05 2.52E-05 7.36E-05 1.81E-04 2.52E-06 9.24E-03 3.89E-04 7.67E-05 6.19E-04 1.06E-02 1.33E-01 
85% 1.22E-05 3.08E-05 8.93E-05 1.88E-04 2.90E-06 1.04E-02 4.12E-04 8.56E-05 6.85E-04 1.13E-02 1.44E-01 
90% 1.48E-05 3.82E-05 1.19E-04 1.95E-04 3.36E-06 1.20E-02 4.58E-04 1.01E-04 7.86E-04 1.28E-02 1.59E-01 
95% 2.04E-05 5.36E-05 1.81E-04 2.11E-04 4.60E-06 1.42E-02 5.22E-04 1.33E-04 9.83E-04 1.56E-02 1.83E-01 
Maximum 6.09E-05 4.43E-04 2.72E-03 2.88E-04 1.89E-05 2.12E-02 1.39E-03 3.11E-04 2.14E-03 3.43E-02 3.37E-01 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 67 July 2003 
Table 6.2-5. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Modern Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L (continued). 
227Ac 229Th 230Th 232Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 236U 238U 237Np 
Mean 3.09E-02 3.37E-02 2.87E-02 4.41E-02 9.91E-02 5.78E-03 1.74E-03 1.21E-03 1.08E-03 1.08E-03 6.92E-03 
STD 1.08E-02 1.77E-02 2.42E-02 2.21E-02 6.31E-02 2.36E-03 2.04E-03 1.02E-03 8.58E-04 8.55E-04 2.27E-03 
Minimum 1.26E-02 6.36E-03 1.12E-03 7.59E-03 1.46E-02 1.78E-03 2.43E-04 2.29E-04 2.16E-04 2.15E-04 3.70E-03 
5% 1.70E-02 1.31E-02 5.32E-03 1.79E-02 2.95E-02 2.72E-03 3.50E-04 3.26E-04 3.08E-04 3.04E-04 4.31E-03 
10% 1.86E-02 1.60E-02 7.44E-03 2.13E-02 3.68E-02 3.15E-03 4.20E-04 3.91E-04 3.67E-04 3.61E-04 4.60E-03 
15% 2.02E-02 1.76E-02 8.77E-03 2.33E-02 4.36E-02 3.53E-03 4.85E-04 4.46E-04 4.19E-04 4.12E-04 4.84E-03 
20% 2.17E-02 1.93E-02 1.01E-02 2.60E-02 4.88E-02 3.86E-03 5.27E-04 4.97E-04 4.68E-04 4.57E-04 5.14E-03 
25% 2.28E-02 2.11E-02 1.16E-02 2.82E-02 5.45E-02 4.08E-03 5.87E-04 5.40E-04 5.05E-04 4.97E-04 5.36E-03 
30% 2.43E-02 2.25E-02 1.33E-02 3.05E-02 6.08E-02 4.35E-03 6.52E-04 5.87E-04 5.45E-04 5.36E-04 5.56E-03 
35% 2.56E-02 2.44E-02 1.51E-02 3.28E-02 6.49E-02 4.62E-03 7.20E-04 6.52E-04 6.04E-04 5.93E-04 5.76E-03 
40% 2.69E-02 2.63E-02 1.70E-02 3.49E-02 7.07E-02 4.93E-03 8.08E-04 7.05E-04 6.56E-04 6.39E-04 5.93E-03 
45% 2.80E-02 2.84E-02 1.93E-02 3.70E-02 7.57E-02 5.12E-03 8.91E-04 7.69E-04 7.18E-04 7.02E-04 6.14E-03 
50% 2.90E-02 2.97E-02 2.09E-02 3.93E-02 8.23E-02 5.35E-03 1.01E-03 8.42E-04 7.81E-04 7.69E-04 6.42E-03 
55% 3.05E-02 3.20E-02 2.29E-02 4.14E-02 8.83E-02 5.61E-03 1.19E-03 9.55E-04 8.78E-04 8.76E-04 6.64E-03 
60% 3.16E-02 3.38E-02 2.58E-02 4.44E-02 9.72E-02 5.98E-03 1.34E-03 1.06E-03 9.73E-04 9.80E-04 6.93E-03 
65% 3.33E-02 3.58E-02 2.86E-02 4.69E-02 1.06E-01 6.26E-03 1.58E-03 1.21E-03 1.10E-03 1.10E-03 7.22E-03 
70% 3.52E-02 3.86E-02 3.30E-02 5.05E-02 1.16E-01 6.53E-03 1.85E-03 1.38E-03 1.24E-03 1.24E-03 7.56E-03 
75% 3.71E-02 4.15E-02 3.81E-02 5.43E-02 1.27E-01 7.05E-03 2.17E-03 1.50E-03 1.38E-03 1.38E-03 7.94E-03 
80% 3.90E-02 4.54E-02 4.37E-02 5.91E-02 1.38E-01 7.48E-03 2.54E-03 1.79E-03 1.57E-03 1.57E-03 8.40E-03 
85% 4.15E-02 5.05E-02 5.14E-02 6.60E-02 1.59E-01 8.06E-03 3.10E-03 2.11E-03 1.84E-03 1.83E-03 8.98E-03 
90% 4.47E-02 5.74E-02 6.20E-02 7.44E-02 1.81E-01 8.83E-03 3.84E-03 2.45E-03 2.14E-03 2.14E-03 9.81E-03 
95% 5.13E-02 6.86E-02 7.94E-02 8.80E-02 2.26E-01 1.01E-02 5.29E-03 3.15E-03 2.77E-03 2.74E-03 1.12E-02 
Maximum 8.22E-02 1.22E-01 1.85E-01 1.51E-01 4.38E-01 1.78E-02 2.34E-02 8.99E-03 6.94E-03 6.78E-03 2.23E-02 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 68 July 2003 
Table 6.2-5. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Modern Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L (continued). 
238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 4.67E-03 9.16E-03 8.93E-03 8.83E-03 6.78E-03 9.43E-03 
STD 1.13E-03 3.59E-03 3.37E-03 3.52E-03 1.93E-03 3.89E-03 
Minimum 2.71E-03 3.73E-03 3.73E-03 3.55E-03 3.00E-03 3.03E-03 
5% 3.32E-03 4.98E-03 4.95E-03 4.76E-03 4.32E-03 4.66E-03 
10% 3.53E-03 5.48E-03 5.43E-03 5.23E-03 4.62E-03 5.31E-03 
15% 3.68E-03 5.89E-03 5.85E-03 5.63E-03 4.93E-03 5.77E-03 
20% 3.80E-03 6.31E-03 6.24E-03 6.03E-03 5.15E-03 6.24E-03 
25% 3.91E-03 6.62E-03 6.55E-03 6.35E-03 5.43E-03 6.55E-03 
30% 4.00E-03 7.03E-03 6.96E-03 6.74E-03 5.63E-03 6.98E-03 
35% 4.12E-03 7.34E-03 7.23E-03 7.03E-03 5.86E-03 7.37E-03 
40% 4.25E-03 7.70E-03 7.57E-03 7.38E-03 6.00E-03 7.86E-03 
45% 4.35E-03 8.05E-03 7.89E-03 7.73E-03 6.20E-03 8.32E-03 
50% 4.45E-03 8.43E-03 8.30E-03 8.11E-03 6.45E-03 8.72E-03 
55% 4.57E-03 8.80E-03 8.61E-03 8.44E-03 6.66E-03 9.08E-03 
60% 4.72E-03 9.21E-03 9.03E-03 8.89E-03 6.92E-03 9.69E-03 
65% 4.86E-03 9.64E-03 9.40E-03 9.28E-03 7.18E-03 1.01E-02 
70% 5.02E-03 1.01E-02 9.83E-03 9.74E-03 7.49E-03 1.06E-02 
75% 5.18E-03 1.07E-02 1.04E-02 1.03E-02 7.84E-03 1.12E-02 
80% 5.39E-03 1.13E-02 1.10E-02 1.09E-02 8.15E-03 1.20E-02 
85% 5.69E-03 1.23E-02 1.20E-02 1.19E-02 8.60E-03 1.33E-02 
90% 6.02E-03 1.38E-02 1.33E-02 1.32E-02 9.31E-03 1.47E-02 
95% 6.64E-03 1.65E-02 1.58E-02 1.60E-02 1.05E-02 1.72E-02 
Maximum 1.52E-02 2.90E-02 2.63E-02 2.87E-02 1.66E-02 2.95E-02 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: STD = standard deviation. See Excel file BDCF Realizations for Groundwater MC and FC.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 69 July 2003 
Table 6.2-6. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Monsoon Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L. 
14C 36C 79Se 90Sr 99Tc 126Sn 129I 135Cs 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 
Mean 8.78E-06 1.71E-05 5.33E-05 1.54E-04 2.06E-06 4.89E-03 3.13E-04 4.54E-05 3.89E-04 8.23E-03 7.67E-02 
STD 6.04E-06 2.62E-05 1.01E-04 2.06E-05 1.37E-06 3.08E-03 9.65E-05 3.31E-05 2.05E-04 2.71E-03 3.94E-02 
Minimum 3.99E-06 3.20E-06 8.76E-06 1.20E-04 1.15E-06 1.09E-04 2.17E-04 7.55E-06 1.19E-04 5.67E-03 1.92E-03 
5% 4.66E-06 4.38E-06 1.28E-05 1.29E-04 1.26E-06 7.88E-04 2.32E-04 1.55E-05 1.75E-04 5.94E-03 2.89E-02 
10% 4.92E-06 5.02E-06 1.50E-05 1.32E-04 1.30E-06 1.41E-03 2.38E-04 1.85E-05 1.99E-04 6.11E-03 3.60E-02 
15% 5.11E-06 5.39E-06 1.67E-05 1.35E-04 1.34E-06 2.03E-03 2.44E-04 2.10E-05 2.18E-04 6.27E-03 4.10E-02 
20% 5.34E-06 5.93E-06 1.81E-05 1.37E-04 1.38E-06 2.39E-03 2.51E-04 2.29E-05 2.38E-04 6.40E-03 4.43E-02 
25% 5.56E-06 6.53E-06 1.96E-05 1.39E-04 1.41E-06 2.74E-03 2.57E-04 2.48E-05 2.53E-04 6.52E-03 4.81E-02 
30% 5.77E-06 7.19E-06 2.15E-05 1.41E-04 1.45E-06 3.03E-03 2.62E-04 2.65E-05 2.68E-04 6.66E-03 5.10E-02 
35% 5.93E-06 8.02E-06 2.31E-05 1.43E-04 1.49E-06 3.38E-03 2.68E-04 2.89E-05 2.85E-04 6.81E-03 5.55E-02 
40% 6.14E-06 8.80E-06 2.48E-05 1.45E-04 1.54E-06 3.68E-03 2.75E-04 3.15E-05 3.04E-04 6.97E-03 5.92E-02 
45% 6.37E-06 9.48E-06 2.71E-05 1.47E-04 1.59E-06 4.03E-03 2.80E-04 3.32E-05 3.21E-04 7.14E-03 6.28E-02 
50% 6.76E-06 1.02E-05 2.97E-05 1.49E-04 1.63E-06 4.27E-03 2.86E-04 3.52E-05 3.43E-04 7.34E-03 6.79E-02 
55% 7.16E-06 1.11E-05 3.32E-05 1.52E-04 1.68E-06 4.57E-03 2.94E-04 3.79E-05 3.61E-04 7.56E-03 7.25E-02 
60% 7.63E-06 1.27E-05 3.64E-05 1.54E-04 1.76E-06 4.87E-03 3.03E-04 4.05E-05 3.81E-04 7.85E-03 7.84E-02 
65% 8.08E-06 1.42E-05 3.95E-05 1.56E-04 1.86E-06 5.31E-03 3.12E-04 4.41E-05 4.06E-04 8.24E-03 8.50E-02 
70% 8.72E-06 1.64E-05 4.44E-05 1.59E-04 1.98E-06 5.78E-03 3.25E-04 4.89E-05 4.33E-04 8.52E-03 9.21E-02 
75% 9.56E-06 1.88E-05 4.97E-05 1.62E-04 2.11E-06 6.34E-03 3.39E-04 5.41E-05 4.57E-04 8.94E-03 9.74E-02 
80% 1.05E-05 2.25E-05 6.02E-05 1.67E-04 2.31E-06 7.29E-03 3.52E-04 6.05E-05 5.03E-04 9.48E-03 1.06E-01 
85% 1.20E-05 2.65E-05 7.39E-05 1.72E-04 2.62E-06 8.27E-03 3.75E-04 6.96E-05 5.52E-04 1.02E-02 1.16E-01 
90% 1.46E-05 3.29E-05 9.65E-05 1.81E-04 3.18E-06 9.37E-03 4.13E-04 8.30E-05 6.40E-04 1.13E-02 1.31E-01 
95% 1.99E-05 4.64E-05 1.45E-04 1.94E-04 4.16E-06 1.09E-02 4.76E-04 1.11E-04 7.81E-04 1.33E-02 1.54E-01 
Maximum 6.03E-05 4.27E-04 2.03E-03 2.69E-04 1.77E-05 1.69E-02 1.34E-03 2.65E-04 1.68E-03 2.69E-02 2.89E-01 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 70 July 2003 
Table 6.2-6. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Monsoon Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L (continued). 
227Ac 229Th 230Th 232Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 236U 238U 237Np 
Mean 2.40E-02 2.62E-02 2.29E-02 3.39E-02 7.78E-02 4.51E-03 1.39E-03 9.52E-04 8.56E-04 8.47E-04 6.00E-03 
STD 8.18E-03 1.43E-02 1.97E-02 1.71E-02 4.96E-02 1.82E-03 1.66E-03 7.86E-04 7.11E-04 6.73E-04 1.86E-03 
Minimum 1.21E-02 5.14E-03 6.97E-04 6.58E-03 1.26E-02 1.73E-03 2.32E-04 2.24E-04 2.12E-04 2.10E-04 3.57E-03 
5% 1.48E-02 9.64E-03 4.32E-03 1.37E-02 2.39E-02 2.29E-03 3.01E-04 2.90E-04 2.71E-04 2.66E-04 4.00E-03 
10% 1.57E-02 1.16E-02 5.35E-03 1.65E-02 2.98E-02 2.61E-03 3.48E-04 3.22E-04 3.03E-04 2.97E-04 4.18E-03 
15% 1.65E-02 1.30E-02 6.67E-03 1.78E-02 3.49E-02 2.85E-03 3.83E-04 3.54E-04 3.35E-04 3.25E-04 4.37E-03 
20% 1.71E-02 1.47E-02 7.77E-03 2.00E-02 3.85E-02 3.04E-03 4.22E-04 3.82E-04 3.58E-04 3.55E-04 4.53E-03 
25% 1.79E-02 1.60E-02 9.13E-03 2.16E-02 4.21E-02 3.23E-03 4.62E-04 4.16E-04 3.95E-04 3.83E-04 4.70E-03 
30% 1.89E-02 1.74E-02 1.02E-02 2.32E-02 4.64E-02 3.42E-03 5.12E-04 4.55E-04 4.34E-04 4.14E-04 4.88E-03 
35% 1.98E-02 1.87E-02 1.16E-02 2.50E-02 4.99E-02 3.59E-03 5.53E-04 4.95E-04 4.68E-04 4.61E-04 5.04E-03 
40% 2.06E-02 2.00E-02 1.31E-02 2.64E-02 5.56E-02 3.77E-03 6.05E-04 5.38E-04 5.04E-04 5.09E-04 5.19E-03 
45% 2.14E-02 2.14E-02 1.47E-02 2.81E-02 6.07E-02 3.99E-03 6.92E-04 5.99E-04 5.57E-04 5.55E-04 5.37E-03 
50% 2.23E-02 2.29E-02 1.66E-02 2.99E-02 6.45E-02 4.17E-03 8.11E-04 6.69E-04 6.20E-04 6.11E-04 5.57E-03 
55% 2.32E-02 2.45E-02 1.88E-02 3.18E-02 7.04E-02 4.36E-03 9.36E-04 7.48E-04 6.84E-04 6.80E-04 5.72E-03 
60% 2.40E-02 2.63E-02 2.11E-02 3.47E-02 7.50E-02 4.55E-03 1.06E-03 8.40E-04 7.70E-04 7.83E-04 5.98E-03 
65% 2.52E-02 2.81E-02 2.36E-02 3.69E-02 8.30E-02 4.75E-03 1.26E-03 9.74E-04 8.57E-04 8.55E-04 6.22E-03 
70% 2.63E-02 2.98E-02 2.64E-02 3.97E-02 8.92E-02 4.98E-03 1.45E-03 1.08E-03 9.36E-04 9.31E-04 6.50E-03 
75% 2.78E-02 3.21E-02 3.03E-02 4.22E-02 1.00E-01 5.27E-03 1.70E-03 1.21E-03 1.07E-03 1.06E-03 6.81E-03 
80% 2.99E-02 3.50E-02 3.42E-02 4.58E-02 1.10E-01 5.71E-03 2.02E-03 1.39E-03 1.21E-03 1.28E-03 7.21E-03 
85% 3.21E-02 3.85E-02 4.12E-02 5.14E-02 1.24E-01 6.23E-03 2.48E-03 1.61E-03 1.42E-03 1.46E-03 7.68E-03 
90% 3.42E-02 4.63E-02 5.09E-02 5.75E-02 1.45E-01 6.81E-03 3.14E-03 1.96E-03 1.66E-03 1.69E-03 8.49E-03 
95% 3.93E-02 5.62E-02 6.29E-02 6.63E-02 1.80E-01 7.90E-03 4.04E-03 2.54E-03 2.23E-03 2.24E-03 9.62E-03 
Maximum 7.19E-02 9.49E-02 1.71E-01 1.26E-01 3.24E-01 1.68E-02 2.00E-02 6.56E-03 6.80E-03 6.59E-03 2.09E-02 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 71 July 2003 
Table 6.2-6. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Monsoon Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L (continued). 
238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 4.04E-03 7.55E-03 7.38E-03 7.20E-03 5.69E-03 7.75E-03 
STD 9.60E-04 2.93E-03 2.76E-03 2.83E-03 1.61E-03 3.17E-03 
Minimum 2.61E-03 3.12E-03 3.21E-03 3.12E-03 2.97E-03 2.98E-03 
5% 2.98E-03 4.25E-03 4.22E-03 3.99E-03 3.71E-03 3.98E-03 
10% 3.10E-03 4.60E-03 4.63E-03 4.39E-03 3.99E-03 4.47E-03 
15% 3.20E-03 4.94E-03 4.94E-03 4.67E-03 4.18E-03 4.89E-03 
20% 3.31E-03 5.25E-03 5.21E-03 4.96E-03 4.40E-03 5.15E-03 
25% 3.40E-03 5.49E-03 5.49E-03 5.25E-03 4.56E-03 5.49E-03 
30% 3.49E-03 5.81E-03 5.68E-03 5.51E-03 4.71E-03 5.84E-03 
35% 3.58E-03 6.14E-03 5.92E-03 5.74E-03 4.85E-03 6.10E-03 
40% 3.68E-03 6.36E-03 6.15E-03 6.00E-03 5.01E-03 6.41E-03 
45% 3.77E-03 6.64E-03 6.44E-03 6.28E-03 5.20E-03 6.74E-03 
50% 3.87E-03 6.92E-03 6.74E-03 6.53E-03 5.36E-03 7.03E-03 
55% 3.95E-03 7.17E-03 7.10E-03 6.84E-03 5.54E-03 7.32E-03 
60% 4.05E-03 7.46E-03 7.39E-03 7.11E-03 5.75E-03 7.76E-03 
65% 4.18E-03 7.86E-03 7.70E-03 7.47E-03 5.98E-03 8.19E-03 
70% 4.31E-03 8.28E-03 8.08E-03 7.82E-03 6.20E-03 8.67E-03 
75% 4.44E-03 8.87E-03 8.54E-03 8.42E-03 6.50E-03 9.19E-03 
80% 4.64E-03 9.41E-03 9.18E-03 8.90E-03 6.85E-03 9.78E-03 
85% 4.83E-03 1.01E-02 9.83E-03 9.70E-03 7.20E-03 1.08E-02 
90% 5.07E-03 1.10E-02 1.09E-02 1.08E-02 7.64E-03 1.21E-02 
95% 5.56E-03 1.30E-02 1.29E-02 1.30E-02 8.89E-03 1.38E-02 
Maximum 1.40E-02 2.65E-02 2.29E-02 2.20E-02 1.46E-02 2.27E-02 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: STD = standard deviation. See Excel file BDCF Realizations for Groundwater MC and FC.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 72 July 2003 
Table 6.2-7. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Glacial Transition Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L. 
14C 36C 79Se 90Sr 99Tc 126Sn 129I 135Cs 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 
Mean 8.73E-06 1.65E-05 5.19E-05 1.52E-04 2.03E-06 4.68E-03 3.12E-04 4.39E-05 3.74E-04 8.16E-03 7.34E-02 
STD 6.04E-06 2.29E-05 1.06E-04 2.02E-05 1.32E-06 3.02E-03 9.74E-05 3.08E-05 2.02E-04 2.64E-03 3.64E-02 
Minimum 4.04E-06 3.01E-06 9.09E-06 1.21E-04 1.15E-06 1.15E-04 2.17E-04 8.71E-06 1.22E-04 5.56E-03 2.01E-03 
5% 4.58E-06 4.30E-06 1.27E-05 1.29E-04 1.25E-06 8.20E-04 2.32E-04 1.51E-05 1.72E-04 5.96E-03 2.79E-02 
10% 4.86E-06 4.93E-06 1.47E-05 1.31E-04 1.30E-06 1.41E-03 2.38E-04 1.81E-05 1.92E-04 6.12E-03 3.43E-02 
15% 5.08E-06 5.46E-06 1.66E-05 1.34E-04 1.33E-06 1.83E-03 2.45E-04 2.04E-05 2.11E-04 6.26E-03 3.91E-02 
20% 5.31E-06 5.88E-06 1.80E-05 1.37E-04 1.37E-06 2.30E-03 2.49E-04 2.28E-05 2.24E-04 6.40E-03 4.34E-02 
25% 5.49E-06 6.45E-06 1.95E-05 1.38E-04 1.40E-06 2.59E-03 2.55E-04 2.46E-05 2.41E-04 6.51E-03 4.71E-02 
30% 5.71E-06 7.04E-06 2.10E-05 1.40E-04 1.45E-06 2.90E-03 2.61E-04 2.64E-05 2.55E-04 6.63E-03 5.07E-02 
35% 5.92E-06 7.59E-06 2.26E-05 1.42E-04 1.49E-06 3.25E-03 2.66E-04 2.86E-05 2.70E-04 6.76E-03 5.46E-02 
40% 6.14E-06 8.36E-06 2.47E-05 1.44E-04 1.53E-06 3.54E-03 2.73E-04 3.06E-05 2.89E-04 6.90E-03 5.84E-02 
45% 6.41E-06 9.04E-06 2.70E-05 1.46E-04 1.56E-06 3.75E-03 2.79E-04 3.24E-05 3.06E-04 7.11E-03 6.23E-02 
50% 6.70E-06 1.01E-05 2.90E-05 1.47E-04 1.61E-06 4.07E-03 2.86E-04 3.43E-05 3.23E-04 7.29E-03 6.63E-02 
55% 7.11E-06 1.08E-05 3.19E-05 1.50E-04 1.66E-06 4.29E-03 2.92E-04 3.64E-05 3.41E-04 7.53E-03 7.06E-02 
60% 7.48E-06 1.24E-05 3.49E-05 1.52E-04 1.73E-06 4.58E-03 3.00E-04 3.94E-05 3.61E-04 7.82E-03 7.58E-02 
65% 8.03E-06 1.39E-05 3.84E-05 1.55E-04 1.82E-06 4.98E-03 3.12E-04 4.34E-05 3.83E-04 8.09E-03 8.05E-02 
70% 8.61E-06 1.56E-05 4.37E-05 1.57E-04 1.94E-06 5.59E-03 3.21E-04 4.78E-05 4.04E-04 8.44E-03 8.56E-02 
75% 9.52E-06 1.80E-05 4.96E-05 1.60E-04 2.09E-06 6.09E-03 3.33E-04 5.28E-05 4.40E-04 8.93E-03 9.24E-02 
80% 1.04E-05 2.15E-05 5.81E-05 1.66E-04 2.28E-06 6.81E-03 3.50E-04 6.01E-05 4.81E-04 9.39E-03 1.01E-01 
85% 1.19E-05 2.60E-05 6.83E-05 1.71E-04 2.67E-06 7.82E-03 3.73E-04 6.73E-05 5.34E-04 1.01E-02 1.10E-01 
90% 1.45E-05 3.28E-05 9.13E-05 1.78E-04 3.10E-06 8.76E-03 4.09E-04 7.92E-05 6.08E-04 1.11E-02 1.24E-01 
95% 2.00E-05 4.69E-05 1.49E-04 1.88E-04 4.01E-06 1.10E-02 4.64E-04 1.02E-04 7.56E-04 1.34E-02 1.45E-01 
Maximum 6.04E-05 3.24E-04 2.36E-03 2.74E-04 1.81E-05 1.84E-02 1.33E-03 2.60E-04 1.79E-03 2.83E-02 2.53E-01 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 73 July 2003 
Table 6.2-7. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Glacial Transition Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L (continued). 
227Ac 229Th 230Th 232Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 236U 238U 237Np 
Mean 2.32E-02 2.51E-02 2.19E-02 3.33E-02 7.58E-02 4.33E-03 1.31E-03 9.11E-04 8.19E-04 8.20E-04 5.90E-03 
STD 7.45E-03 1.36E-02 1.88E-02 1.77E-02 4.88E-02 1.67E-03 1.54E-03 7.80E-04 6.64E-04 6.56E-04 1.76E-03 
Minimum 1.23E-02 4.98E-03 9.09E-04 6.33E-03 1.10E-02 1.72E-03 2.34E-04 2.23E-04 2.11E-04 2.12E-04 3.54E-03 
5% 1.44E-02 9.83E-03 3.95E-03 1.30E-02 2.41E-02 2.26E-03 2.95E-04 2.77E-04 2.65E-04 2.64E-04 3.98E-03 
10% 1.54E-02 1.15E-02 5.40E-03 1.53E-02 2.92E-02 2.55E-03 3.30E-04 3.17E-04 2.93E-04 2.86E-04 4.14E-03 
15% 1.63E-02 1.27E-02 6.70E-03 1.73E-02 3.34E-02 2.74E-03 3.70E-04 3.51E-04 3.24E-04 3.14E-04 4.32E-03 
20% 1.69E-02 1.40E-02 7.67E-03 1.90E-02 3.71E-02 2.93E-03 4.05E-04 3.79E-04 3.57E-04 3.43E-04 4.48E-03 
25% 1.76E-02 1.53E-02 8.86E-03 2.07E-02 4.11E-02 3.08E-03 4.47E-04 4.08E-04 3.85E-04 3.77E-04 4.61E-03 
30% 1.83E-02 1.68E-02 9.93E-03 2.27E-02 4.54E-02 3.28E-03 4.98E-04 4.40E-04 4.13E-04 4.06E-04 4.81E-03 
35% 1.89E-02 1.79E-02 1.13E-02 2.38E-02 4.92E-02 3.48E-03 5.54E-04 4.80E-04 4.44E-04 4.38E-04 4.97E-03 
40% 1.97E-02 1.92E-02 1.27E-02 2.53E-02 5.36E-02 3.66E-03 6.21E-04 5.18E-04 4.80E-04 4.92E-04 5.12E-03 
45% 2.06E-02 2.05E-02 1.46E-02 2.73E-02 5.78E-02 3.79E-03 6.97E-04 5.77E-04 5.44E-04 5.37E-04 5.29E-03 
50% 2.13E-02 2.22E-02 1.58E-02 2.93E-02 6.25E-02 3.96E-03 7.67E-04 6.48E-04 5.97E-04 6.09E-04 5.47E-03 
55% 2.26E-02 2.37E-02 1.77E-02 3.09E-02 6.78E-02 4.17E-03 8.81E-04 7.07E-04 6.67E-04 6.61E-04 5.70E-03 
60% 2.37E-02 2.50E-02 1.94E-02 3.28E-02 7.33E-02 4.43E-03 1.05E-03 8.05E-04 7.38E-04 7.31E-04 5.98E-03 
65% 2.47E-02 2.69E-02 2.15E-02 3.53E-02 7.90E-02 4.67E-03 1.21E-03 8.88E-04 8.17E-04 8.26E-04 6.14E-03 
70% 2.58E-02 2.88E-02 2.59E-02 3.78E-02 8.67E-02 4.91E-03 1.41E-03 1.03E-03 9.21E-04 8.99E-04 6.33E-03 
75% 2.71E-02 3.11E-02 2.87E-02 4.10E-02 9.83E-02 5.18E-03 1.67E-03 1.16E-03 1.03E-03 1.05E-03 6.59E-03 
80% 2.87E-02 3.43E-02 3.37E-02 4.53E-02 1.07E-01 5.60E-03 1.97E-03 1.31E-03 1.18E-03 1.21E-03 6.95E-03 
85% 3.08E-02 3.82E-02 3.99E-02 5.04E-02 1.21E-01 5.98E-03 2.27E-03 1.54E-03 1.37E-03 1.39E-03 7.45E-03 
90% 3.28E-02 4.29E-02 4.75E-02 5.75E-02 1.39E-01 6.49E-03 2.81E-03 1.86E-03 1.60E-03 1.64E-03 8.20E-03 
95% 3.78E-02 5.20E-02 6.19E-02 6.80E-02 1.72E-01 7.41E-03 3.71E-03 2.41E-03 2.07E-03 2.05E-03 9.59E-03 
Maximum 6.71E-02 1.08E-01 1.44E-01 1.36E-01 3.35E-01 1.35E-02 1.99E-02 7.93E-03 6.37E-03 5.88E-03 1.76E-02 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 74 July 2003 
Table 6.2-7. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors Statistics for the Glacial Transition Climate, rem/yr per pCi/L (continued). 
238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 3.93E-03 7.35E-03 7.19E-03 7.09E-03 5.57E-03 7.45E-03 
STD 8.77E-04 2.89E-03 2.70E-03 2.74E-03 1.52E-03 2.93E-03 
Minimum 2.61E-03 3.34E-03 3.28E-03 2.95E-03 2.98E-03 2.95E-03 
5% 2.99E-03 4.24E-03 4.13E-03 3.98E-03 3.74E-03 4.01E-03 
10% 3.10E-03 4.53E-03 4.55E-03 4.35E-03 3.98E-03 4.46E-03 
15% 3.20E-03 4.80E-03 4.83E-03 4.66E-03 4.16E-03 4.79E-03 
20% 3.27E-03 5.10E-03 5.12E-03 4.90E-03 4.31E-03 5.08E-03 
25% 3.35E-03 5.41E-03 5.31E-03 5.16E-03 4.48E-03 5.35E-03 
30% 3.44E-03 5.64E-03 5.58E-03 5.37E-03 4.63E-03 5.58E-03 
35% 3.50E-03 5.87E-03 5.86E-03 5.66E-03 4.78E-03 5.86E-03 
40% 3.57E-03 6.19E-03 6.10E-03 5.97E-03 4.94E-03 6.16E-03 
45% 3.65E-03 6.45E-03 6.35E-03 6.23E-03 5.08E-03 6.48E-03 
50% 3.74E-03 6.73E-03 6.63E-03 6.48E-03 5.25E-03 6.84E-03 
55% 3.84E-03 7.04E-03 6.93E-03 6.74E-03 5.42E-03 7.06E-03 
60% 3.93E-03 7.26E-03 7.18E-03 7.07E-03 5.62E-03 7.42E-03 
65% 4.03E-03 7.54E-03 7.51E-03 7.40E-03 5.82E-03 7.85E-03 
70% 4.17E-03 7.86E-03 7.80E-03 7.83E-03 6.10E-03 8.35E-03 
75% 4.30E-03 8.35E-03 8.24E-03 8.17E-03 6.40E-03 8.94E-03 
80% 4.42E-03 8.99E-03 8.76E-03 8.64E-03 6.60E-03 9.61E-03 
85% 4.64E-03 9.86E-03 9.57E-03 9.65E-03 6.97E-03 1.04E-02 
90% 4.94E-03 1.11E-02 1.06E-02 1.07E-02 7.46E-03 1.13E-02 
95% 5.48E-03 1.32E-02 1.24E-02 1.27E-02 8.55E-03 1.32E-02 
Maximum 1.21E-02 2.72E-02 2.24E-02 2.33E-02 1.39E-02 2.60E-02 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: STD = standard deviation. See Excel file BDCF Realizations for Groundwater MC and FC.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 75 July 2003 
Some of the BDCFs for the groundwater scenario are correlated (Table 6.2-8). To show 
correlations between the BDCFs, rank correlation coefficients for modern climate BDCFs were 
calculated for selected radionuclides. These calculations were done using Excel (Correlations 
for Groundwater BDCFs MC.xls; Attachments I and II). Certain correlation coefficients in 
Table 6.2-8 are shown as zero. The lack of correlation was determined by performing a 
statistical test on the correlation coefficients. The null hypothesis was that the (true) population 
correlation coefficient is zero. If the calculated value of the correlation coefficient for the 
sampling distribution is r, values of t can be calculated as 
2 
) 1 ( 2 
- 
- 
= 
n 
r 
r t (Eq. 6.2-4) 
where n is the number of data points in the sampling distribution (i.e., 1,000). The t-values then 
can be compared with Students t-values for n  2 degrees of freedom (Steel and Torrie 1980 
[DIRS 150857], pp. 278 to 279). Values of t calculated for different values of r are listed in 
Table 6.2-9. The null hypothesis that the population correlation coefficient is equal to zero (no 
correlation) can be rejected at the 99 percent confidence level if the value of t is less than 2.576 
(Lide and Frederikse 1997 [DIRS 103178], p. A-105) because the one-tail area under the 
probability distribution function for t is equal to 0.995 for t = 2.576.) This corresponds to the 
value of r equal to 0.0813. The distribution of t approaches a normal distribution when the 
degrees of freedom are large, which is the case here. Thus, for correlation coefficients less than 
0.0813, the value is set to zero in Table 6.2-8. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 76 July 2003 
Table 6.2-8. Rank Correlation Coefficients for the Modern Climate Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Individual Radionuclides 
14C 36Cl 79Se 90Sr 99Tc 126Sn 129I 135Cs 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 227Ac 229Th 230Th 
14C 1.000 
36Cl 0.091 1.000 
79Se 0.086 0.273 1.000 
90Sr 0.140 0.382 0.214 1.000 
99Tc 0 0.519 0.268 0.455 1.000 
126Sn 0 0.218 0.214 0.162 0.226 1.000 
129I 0.095 0.303 0.281 0.417 0.418 0.140 1.000 
135Cs 0.151 0.110 0.113 0.220 0 0.161 0.115 1.000 
137Cs 0.150 0.082 0 0.345 0 0 0.105 0.711 1.000 
210Pb 0.120 0 0 0.196 0 0 0.103 0.199 0.221 1.000 
226Ra 0 0 0.175 0.153 0.086 0.427 0 0.233 0.175 0 1.000 
227Ac 0 0 0 0.132 0 0 0 0 0.148 0 0 1.000 
229Th 0 0 0.165 0.097 0.086 0.358 0 0.126 0 0 0.405 0.358 1.000 
230Th 0 0.095 0.227 0 0.099 0.456 0 0.205 -0.116 0 0.693 0 0.680 1.000 
232Th 0 0.095 0.227 0 0.099 0.456 0 0.205 -0.116 0 0.693 0 0.680 1.000 
231Pa 0 0.109 0.151 0 0.109 0.372 0 0.140 0 0 0.415 0.213 0.755 0.542 
232U 0 0.095 0.168 0.090 0.102 0.388 0 0.141 0 0 0.436 0.304 0.936 0.651 
233U 0 0.174 0.155 0.101 0.195 0.136 0.083 0 0 0 0.139 0.296 0.318 0.252 
234U 0 0.166 0.141 0.113 0.186 0.109 0.086 0 0 0 0.133 0.371 0.292 0.196 
236U 0 0.163 0.134 0.120 0.184 0.098 0.086 0 0 0 0.116 0.394 0.289 0.166 
238U 0 0.166 0.135 0.121 0.188 0.099 0.089 0 0 0 0.117 0.377 0.277 0.165 
237Np 0 0.399 0.244 0.314 0.389 0.210 0.254 0.118 0 0 0.110 0.501 0.380 0.177 
238Pu 0 0 0 0.237 0 0.096 0.117 0 0.257 0 0.140 0.773 0.478 0 
239Pu 0 0.088 0.175 0.132 0.121 0.379 0.104 0.172 0 0 0.427 0.361 0.813 0.544 
240Pu 0 0.087 0.173 0.139 0.122 0.372 0.106 0.169 0 0 0.421 0.377 0.813 0.527 
242Pu 0 0.088 0.176 0.129 0.121 0.381 0.103 0.172 0 0 0.429 0.356 0.813 0.550 
241Am 0 0.103 0 0.230 0.159 0.229 0.132 0.112 0.171 0 0.276 0.549 0.662 0.239 
243Am 0 0.117 0.112 0.132 0.163 0.334 0.106 0.139 0 0 0.367 0.311 0.689 0.455 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: See Excel file Correlations for Groundwater BDCFs MC.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 77 July 2003 
Table 6.2-8. Rank Correlations (Correlation Coefficients) Between the External Exposure/Ingestion/Radon BDCF Components for Individual 
Radionuclides 
232Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 236U 238U 237Np 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
14C 
36Cl 
79Se 
90Sr 
99Tc 
126Sn 
129I 
135Cs 
137Cs 
210Pb 
226Ra 
227Ac 
229Th 
230Th 
232Th 1.000 
231Pa 0.542 1.000 
232U 0.651 0.936 1.000 
233U 0.252 0.251 0.304 1.000 
234U 0.196 0.229 0.278 0.990 1.000 
236U 0.166 0.227 0.276 0.984 0.998 1.000 
238U 0.165 0.217 0.264 0.986 0.998 0.999 1.000 
237Np 0.177 0.328 0.377 0.333 0.354 0.362 0.354 1.000 
238Pu 0.019 0.358 0.444 0.238 0.296 0.318 0.302 0.468 1.000 
239Pu 0.544 0.771 0.844 0.312 0.303 0.305 0.292 0.421 0.609 1.000 
240Pu 0.527 0.768 0.843 0.312 0.305 0.307 0.294 0.426 0.630 0.999 1.000 
242Pu 0.550 0.772 0.845 0.313 0.303 0.304 0.291 0.419 0.600 1.000 0.999 1.000 
241Am 0.239 0.608 0.676 0.290 0.313 0.328 0.314 0.448 0.642 0.674 0.685 0.670 1.000 
243Am 0.455 0.675 0.726 0.295 0.288 0.288 0.278 0.372 0.414 0.694 0.695 0.694 0.907 1.000 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: See Excel file Correlations for Groundwater BDCFs MC.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations.

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 78 July 2003 
Table 6.2-9. Calculated Values of Correlation Coefficient and Variable t 
Calculated Correlation Coefficient, r t 
0.0000 0.000 
0.0100 0.316 
0.0200 0.632 
0.0300 0.948 
0.0400 1.265 
0.0500 1.582 
0.0600 1.899 
0.0610 1.931 
0.0620 1.962 
0.0630 1.994 
0.0700 2.217 
0.0780 2.472 
0.0790 2.504 
0.0800 2.535 
0.0810 2.567 
0.0812 2.574 
0.0813 2.577 
0.0820 2.599 
0.1000 3.175 
0.1200 3.819 
0.1400 4.467 
0.1600 5.121 
0.1800 5.781 
0.2000 6.449 
NOTE: See Excel file Correlations for Groundwater BDCFs MC.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations. 
6.2.4 TSPA Use of Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors 
The assessment of annual doses will be carried out in the TSPA model, which uses BDCFs as 
input parameters. The TSPA model calculates annual fluxes of individual radionuclides at a 
specified distance from the repository, which, when divided by the annual water demand, yield 
radionuclide concentrations in the groundwater used by the receptor. The total annual dose is the 
sum of the annual doses from the 28 radionuclides tracked in the TSPA model. The total annual 
dose is calculated (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186], Sections 6.4.10.2 and 6.4.10.4) as 
.  = 
i 
i i total t Cw BDCF t D ) ( ) ( (Eq. 6.2-5) 
where 
Dtotal(t) = time-dependent total annual dose to a defined receptor resulting from the 
release of radionuclides from the repository; includes contributions from all 
radionuclides considered in the TSPA-LA (mrem/y) 
BDCFi = biosphere dose conversion factor for radionuclide i (mrem/yr) per (pCi/L) 
Cwi(t) = time dependent activity concentration of radionuclide i in the groundwater 
(pCi/L). 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 79 July 2003 
Equation 6.2-5 is based on a linear relationship between groundwater concentrations and dose. 
The BDCFs are calculated for constant activity concentration of radionuclides in the soil, which 
occurs after the saturation concentration of radionuclides in soil has been reached. Saturation 
conditions are reached if irrigation is sustained for a sufficiently long period of time, which 
varies among radionuclides from years to thousands of years, depending on the effective removal 
rate of the radionuclide from soil. 
Some radionuclides, such as isotopes of thorium, plutonium, and americium, have low removal 
rates from soils. These radionuclides build up slowly in the soil and it may take on the order of 
thousands of years to reach saturation concentrations. In the event that equilibrium conditions 
for a radionuclide have not been reached and groundwater concentrations are increasing, this 
assumption will result in overestimating the dose for that radionuclide (BSC 2003 164186], 
Section 5.1). If concentrations in groundwater are decreasing, the dose may be underestimated 
(BSC 2003 164186], Section 5.1). However, it is unlikely that groundwater concentrations will 
decrease until long after the period of 20,000 years used for the TSPA. The annual dose for a 
point in time, t, is calculated using the activity concentration in water at time t, Cw(t). The 
product of the radionuclide concentration and the BDCF represents the dose that would prevail if 
the radionuclide concentration in water, Cw(t), persisted prior to time t long enough for this 
radionuclide to reach saturation in the soil. 
6.2.5 Pathway Analysis 
Pathway analysis was conducted to determine the relative importance of individual exposure 
pathways in terms of contributions to BDCFs for various radionuclides. The biosphere model 
explicitly addresses 15 exposure pathways, and percent contributions to the BDCF were 
calculated using the mean values of the BDCFs. The results for the modern climate BDCFs are 
presented in Table 6.2-10. These calculations were performed using Excel (Groundwater BDCF 
Pathway Analysis.xls; Attachments I and II). 
Pathway contributions differ among radionuclides. Inhalation of particulate matter tends to 
dominate doses for actinides (e.g., isotopes of thorium, uranium, plutonium, and americium). 
Inhalation of radioactive aerosols generated by evaporative coolers also is an important 
inhalation exposure pathway for these radionuclides. Ingestion of water is a consistently high 
contributor to dose. Other pathways are only important for a few radionuclides. For instance, 
external exposure is a dominant pathway for 126Sn and 137Cs, inhalation of radon decay products 
for 226Ra and 230Th, and fish consumption for isotopes of cesium, 210Pb, and 237Np. Consumption 
pathways generally are more important for radionuclides with atomic numbers less than 
about 88. 
For the future climate, the importance of the evaporative cooler pathway is greatly reduced, and 
for most radionuclides, the inhalation of particulate matter and the consumption of water are 
dominant pathways (Table 6.2-11). These calculations were performed using Excel 
(Groundwater BDCF Pathway Analysis FC.xls; Attachments I and II). 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 80 July 2003 
Table 6.2-10. Exposure Pathway Contributions (Percent) for the Modern Climate Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors 
Inhalation Ingestion 
RN External 
exposure Particul. 
Matter 
Evap. 
Cooler Radon Water Leafy 
Veget. 
Other 
Veget. Fruit Grain Meat Milk Poultry Eggs Fish Soil 
14C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.8 2.8 5.0 13.1 0.6 7.1 3.4 0.6 5.5 45.1 0.0 
36Cl 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 11.3 3.4 5.0 17.6 2.6 23.7 19.1 0.0 4.8 12.0 0.0 
79Se 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 9.8 0.7 0.5 1.7 0.1 56.4 3.0 1.9 21.6 3.7 0.6 
90Sr 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 68.2 6.8 3.7 6.1 0.6 2.9 3.6 0.0 1.6 5.2 0.4 
99Tc 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 48.3 11.0 2.2 8.2 0.5 4.5 11.9 0.1 10.8 1.6 0.0 
126Sn 98.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 
129I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 59.8 2.6 0.7 3.0 0.4 5.0 7.4 0.2 14.6 5.3 0.8 
135Cs 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 9.2 1.7 0.9 4.0 0.2 10.1 5.8 7.7 3.3 55.9 1.1 
137Cs 42.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.5 0.4 0.1 0.5 0.0 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.4 45.4 0.1 
210Pb 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.0 58.8 2.5 0.6 2.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.3 32.6 0.4 
226Ra 6.8 0.3 0.0 89.3 1.0 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.6 
227Ac 0.3 16.4 42.8 0.0 34.8 1.4 0.3 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.2 
229Th 3.1 71.5 12.6 0.0 8.7 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.9 0.9 
230Th 5.7 13.6 2.2 74.3 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.6 
232Th 25.2 53.4 8.9 0.0 8.2 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.9 
231Pa 1.3 84.5 2.6 0.0 7.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.8 
232U 12.4 20.0 34.2 0.0 26.8 1.1 0.3 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 2.8 0.3 
233U 1.4 66.4 15.3 0.0 12.1 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.6 0.4 0.9 
234U 0.4 50.2 21.5 4.8 17.1 0.8 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 2.2 0.5 0.7 
236U 0.0 52.7 22.9 0.0 18.1 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.3 0.6 0.8 
238U 3.8 49.9 21.7 0.0 18.2 0.9 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.4 0.6 0.8 
237Np 2.6 21.8 15.4 0.0 46.9 2.6 1.0 4.3 0.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.2 
238Pu 0.0 20.2 16.5 0.0 50.0 2.1 0.5 1.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 1.1 
239Pu 0.0 52.1 9.2 0.0 28.2 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.2 2.9 
240Pu 0.0 51.1 9.5 0.0 28.9 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.3 2.8 
242Pu 0.0 52.6 9.2 0.0 27.8 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.1 2.9 
241Am 0.1 37.8 12.9 0.0 39.2 1.8 0.4 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 2.1 
243Am 5.6 48.4 9.2 0.0 28.1 1.5 0.3 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.7 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: See Excel file Groundwater BDCFs Pathway Analysis.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 81 July 2003 
Table 6.2-11. Exposure Pathway Contributions (Percent) for the Upper Bound of Glacial Transition Climate Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors 
Inhalation Ingestion 
RN External 
exposure Particul. 
Matter 
Evap. 
Cooler Radon Water Leafy 
Veget. 
Other 
Veget. Fruit Grain Meat Milk Poultry Eggs Fish Soil 
14C 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.0 2.9 3.7 10.1 0.7 6.4 3.1 0.7 6.2 48.2 0.0 
36Cl 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 15.2 3.3 4.9 17.4 2.7 23.4 18.8 0.0 4.8 9.3 0.0 
79Se 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 15.0 0.7 0.4 1.5 0.1 53.8 2.9 1.7 20.0 3.3 0.5 
90Sr 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 78.4 4.9 2.4 3.9 0.5 2.0 2.5 0.0 1.2 3.4 0.2 
99Tc 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 56.4 9.5 1.8 7.0 0.5 3.7 9.8 0.1 9.9 1.1 0.0 
126Sn 97.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.0 
129I 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 69.0 2.1 0.5 2.0 0.3 3.9 5.7 0.1 12.1 3.5 0.6 
135Cs 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 15.1 1.6 0.8 3.6 0.2 9.4 5.3 7.0 3.0 53.0 1.0 
137Cs 37.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.6 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.0 1.7 1.0 0.9 0.4 44.2 0.1 
210Pb 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 71.1 2.2 0.4 1.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 1.1 22.7 0.3 
226Ra 6.1 0.3 0.0 89.6 1.7 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.1 0.5 
227Ac 0.3 15.5 16.5 0.0 61.6 1.8 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.2 
229Th 3.1 71.5 5.1 0.0 16.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 2.0 0.9 
230Th 5.3 12.5 0.8 76.5 2.4 0.3 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.6 
232Th 24.7 52.5 3.5 0.0 14.9 0.7 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.9 
231Pa 1.3 80.5 1.0 0.0 13.5 0.7 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.8 
232U 12.2 19.8 13.3 0.0 47.5 1.4 0.2 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 1.0 2.8 0.3 
233U 1.4 66.6 5.8 0.0 21.1 0.8 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.4 0.9 
234U 0.4 49.9 8.2 5.4 29.7 1.0 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.4 0.5 0.7 
236U 0.0 52.7 8.7 0.0 31.8 1.1 0.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.5 0.6 0.8 
238U 3.8 49.6 8.2 0.0 31.7 1.1 0.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 2.5 0.6 0.8 
237Np 2.2 18.2 4.6 0.0 63.7 2.5 0.8 3.6 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.0 
238Pu 0.0 15.1 5.0 0.0 69.2 2.1 0.4 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.9 0.8 
239Pu 0.0 44.1 3.1 0.0 43.5 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.7 2.5 
240Pu 0.0 43.0 3.2 0.0 44.4 1.6 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.8 2.4 
242Pu 0.0 44.7 3.1 0.0 43.0 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.7 2.5 
241Am 0.1 30.0 4.1 0.0 57.4 1.9 0.3 1.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.7 
243Am 4.7 40.9 3.1 0.0 43.5 1.5 0.3 1.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 2.3 
Source: MO0305SPAINEXI.001 [DIRS 163808], MO0305SPASRPBM.001 [DIRS 163815], MO0306MWDBGSMF.001 [DIRS 163816], MO0306SPAAEIBM.001 
[DIRS 163812], MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813], MO0306SPAETPBM.001 [DIRS 163814] 
NOTE: See Excel file Groundwater BDCFs Pathway Analysis.xls in Attachments I and II for details of calculations.

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 82 July 2003 
6.3 DOSE FACTORS FOR GROUNDWATER PROTECTION STANDARD 
The groundwater protection standard (10 CFR 63.331 [DIRS 156605]) prohibits releasing 
radionuclides from the repository to the accessible environment in excess of the values in 
Table 6.3-1 in 3,000-acre feet of water (representative volume) (10 CFR 63.332 [DIRS 156605]). 
Table 6.3-1 Limits on Radionuclides in the Representative Volume 
Radionuclide or type of radiation emitted Limit 
Is natural 
background 
included? 
Combined radium-226 and radium-228 5 picocuries per liter Yes 
Gross alpha activity (including radium-226 but 
excluding radon and uranium) 15 picocuries per liter Yes 
Combined beta and photon emitting 
radionuclides 
0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year to the whole body 
or any organ, based on drinking 2 liters of water 
per day from the representative volume 
No 
Source: 10 CFR 63.331 and 10 CFR 63.332 [DIRS 156605]. 
Gross alpha particle activity means the total radioactivity due to alpha particle emission as 
inferred from measurements on a dry sample (40 CFR 141.2 [DIRS 103999]). For this analysis, 
evaluation of gross alpha activity for consideration in TSPA is based on calculation, rather than 
measurement, of total alpha emissions from the primary radionuclides and their decay products 
(Section 6.1.1). The calculation of radionuclide concentrations in water are based on the 
representative volume, which contains 3,000 acre-feet of water (about 3,714,450,000 liters) 
(10 CFR 63.332 [DIRS 156605]). 
Table 6.3-2 lists primary radionuclides (Section 6.1.1), short-lived decay products, radionuclide 
emissions, and applicable limits from the groundwater protection standard. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 83 July 2003 
Table 6.3-2. Primary Radionuclides, Decay Products, and Applicable Groundwater Protection Limits 
Type and Energy of 
Radiation 
(MeV per nuclear 
transformation) 
Primary Radionuclide and 
Mode of Decay 
Short-lived Decay Product 
and Mode of Decay BF 
Alpha Electron Photon 
Half-life a Applicable Limit 
Carbon-14 - 1 - 0.049 - 5730 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Chlorine-36 EC + 
- 
1 - 0.274 < 3.01E+05 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Selenium-79 - 1 - 0.056 - 6.50E+04 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Strontium-90 - 1 - 0.196 - 29.12 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Yttrium-90 - 1 - 0.935 < 64.0 h 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Technetium-99 - 1 - 0.101 - 2.13E+05 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Tin-126 - 1 - 0.172 0.057 1.0E+05 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Antimony-126m IT - 1 - 0.591 1.548 19.0 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Antimony-126 - 0.14 - 0.283 2.834 12.4 d 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Iodine-129 - 1 - 0.064 0.025 1.57E+07 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Cesium-135 - 1 - 0.067 - 2.3E+06 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Cesium-137 - 1 - 0.187 - 30.0 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Barium-137m IT 0.946 - 0.065 0.597 2.552 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
T h o r i u m S e r i e s (4n) 
Plutonium-240 SF a 1 5.156 0.011 0.002 6.537E+03 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Uranium-236 a 1 4.505 0.011 0.002 2.3415E+07 yr excluded 
Thorium-232 a 1 3.996 0.012 0.001 1.405E+10 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Radium-228 - 1 - 0.017 < 5.75E+00 yr 5 pCi/L of Ra-226 + Ra-228 
0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Actinium-228 - 1 - 0.475 0.971 6.13 hr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Uranium-232 a 1 5.302 0.017 0.002 72 yr excluded 
Thorium-228 a 1 5.400 0.021 0.003 1.9131 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Radium-224 a 1 5.674 0.002 0.010 3.66 d 15 pCi/L; a 
Radon-220 a 1 6.288 < < 55.6 s excluded 
Polonium-216 a 1 6.779 < < 0.15 s 15 pCi/L; a 
Lead-212 - 1 - 0.176 0.148 10.64 h 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Bismuth-212 - a 1 2.174 0.472 0.186 60.55 min 15 pCi/L; a 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 84 July 2003 
Table 6.3-2. Primary Radionuclides, Decay Products, and Applicable Groundwater Protection Limits (Continued) 
Type and Energy of 
Radiation 
(MeV per nuclear 
transformation) Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay Product BF 
Alpha Electron Photon 
Half-life a Applicable Limit 
0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Polonium-212 a 0.6407 8.785 - - 0.305 s 15 pCi/L; a 
Thallium-208 - 0.3593 - 0.598 3.375 3.07 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
N e p t u n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 1) 
Americium-241 a 1 5.479 0.052 0.033 432.2 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Neptunium-237 a 1 4.769 0.070 0.035 2.14E+06 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Protactinium-233 - 1 - 0.196 0.204 27.0 d 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Uranium-233 a 1 4.817 0.006 0.001 1.585E+05 yr excluded 
Thorium-229 a 1 4.873 0.116 0.096 7340 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Radium-225 - 1 - 0.107 0.014 14.8 d 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Actinium-225 a 1 5.787 0.022 0.018 10.0 d 15 pCi/L; a 
Francium-221 a 1 6.304 0.010 0.031 4.8 min 15 pCi/L; a 
Astatine-217 a 1 7.067 < < 32.3 ms 15 pCi/L; a 
Bismuth-213 - a 1 0.126 0.442 0.133 45.65 min 15 pCi/L; a 
0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Polonium-213 a 0.9784 8.376 - - 4.2 s 15 pCi/L; a 
Thallium-209 - 0.0216 - 0.688 2.032 2.20 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Lead-209 - - - 0.198 - 3.253 h 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
U r a n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 2) 
Plutonium-242 SF a 1 4.891 0.009 0.001 3.763E+05 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Uranium-238 SF a 1 4.187 0.010 0.001 4.468E+09 yr excluded 
Thorium-234 - 1 - 0.060 0.009 24.10 d 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Protactinium-234m - IT 99.80 - 0.822 0.012 1.17 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Protactinium-234 - 0.33 - 0.494 1.919 6.70 h 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Plutonium-238 SF a 1 5.487 0.011 0.002 87.74 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Uranium-234 a 1 4.758 0.013 0.002 2.445E+05 yr excluded 
Thorium-230 a 1 4.671 0.015 0.002 7.7E+04 yr 15 pCi/L; a 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 85 July 2003 
Table 6.3-2. Primary Radionuclides, Decay Products, and Applicable Groundwater Protection Limits (Continued) 
Type and Energy of 
Radiation 
(MeV per nuclear 
transformation) Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay Product BF 
Alpha Electron Photon 
Half-life a Applicable Limit 
Radium-226 a 1 4.774 0.004 0.007 1600 yr 5 pCi/L of Ra-226 + Ra-228 
15 pCi/L; a 
Radon-222 a 1 5.489 < < 3.8235 d excluded 
Polonium-218 a 1 6.001 < < 3.05 min 15 pCi/L; a 
Lead-214 - 0.9998 - 0.293 0.250 26.8 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Astatine-218 a 0.0002 6.697 0.040 0.007 2 s 15 pCi/L; a 
Bismuth-214 - 1 - 0.659 1.508 19.9 min 15 pCi/L; a 
0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Polonium-214 a 0.9998 7.687 < < 164.3 s 15 pCi/L; a 
Thallium-210 - 0.0002 - 1.3 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Lead-210 - 1 - 0.038 0.005 22.3 yr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Bismuth-210 - 1 - 0.389 - 5.012 d 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Polonium-210 a 1 5.297 < < 138.38 d 15 pCi/L; a 
A c t i n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 3) 
Americium-243 a 1 5.270 0.022 0.056 7380 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Neptunium-239 - 1 - 0.260 0.173 2.355 d 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Plutonium-239 a 1 5.148 0.007 < 2.4065E+04 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Uranium-235 a 1 4.396 0.049 0.156 703.8E6 yr excluded 
Thorium-231 - 1 - 0.165 0.026 25.52 hr 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Protactinium-231 a 1 4.969 0.065 0.048 3.276E+04 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
Actinium-227 - a 1 0.068 0.016 < 21.773 yr 15 pCi/L; a 
0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Thorium-227 a 0.9862 5.884 0.053 0.110 18.718 d 15 pCi/L; a 
Francium-223 - 0.0138 - 0.400 0.059 21.8 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Radium-223 a 1 5.667 0.076 0.134 11.434 d 15 pCi/L; a 
Radon-219 a 1 6.757 0.006 0.056 3.96 s excluded 
Polonium-215 a 1 7.386 < < 1.78 ms 15 pCi/L; a 
Lead-211 - 1 - 0.456 0.051 36.1 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 86 July 2003 
Table 6.3-2. Primary Radionuclides, Decay Products, and Applicable Groundwater Protection Limits (Continued) 
Type and Energy of 
Radiation 
(MeV per nuclear 
transformation) Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay Product BF 
Alpha Electron Photon 
Half-life a Applicable Limit 
Bismuth-211 a - 1 6.550 0.010 0.047 2.14 min 15 pCi/L; a 
Thallium-207 - 0.9972 - 0.493 0.002 4.77 min 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year; , . 
Polonium-211 a 0.0028 7.442 < 0.008 0.516 s 15 pCi/L; a 
Source: Eckerman and Ryman (1993 [DIRS 107684], Table A.1) except for 210Tl for which Lide and Frederikse (1997 [DIRS 103178], p. 11-125) was used 
NOTE: Short-lived decay products of primary radionuclides are assumed to be in secular equilibrium with their parents. 
BF = branching fraction; EC = electron capture; SF = spontaneous fission; IT = isomeric transformation. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 87 July 2003 
The combined activity concentration of 226Ra and 228Ra in the groundwater is calculated based on 
the annual mass flux of these radionuclides and the representative volume. The natural 
background concentrations of 226Ra and 228Ra in groundwater must be included with the 
calculated activity (10 CFR 63.331 [DIRS 156605]) for comparison to the limit of 5 pCi/L. 
For determining alpha activity concentration (including 226Ra but excluding radon and uranium) 
for comparison with the limit for gross alpha activity of 15 pCi/L, the activity concentration of 
primary radionuclides in groundwater is calculated based on the annual mass flux of these 
radionuclides and the representative volume. Alpha particle activity is calculated as the total of 
alpha emissions from all primary radionuclides and decay products included in the model 
(Section 6.1.1). Consistent with the approach used in the biosphere model (BSC 2003 [DIRS 
164186], Section 5.2), short-lived decay products of a primary radionuclide are assumed to be in 
secular equilibrium with the primary radionuclide. After the activity concentration of a primary 
radionuclide in the groundwater is calculated, the value is multiplied by the number of alpha 
particles included in the decay chain to calculate the total number of alpha particles associated 
with the decay of the primary radionuclide. The number of alpha particles is shown in 
Table 6.3-3. For example, if the calculated activity concentration of 229Th in groundwater is 
2 pCi/L, the alpha activity associated with the decay of 229Th is 2 pCi/L  5 alpha particles per 
decay = 10 pCi/L. The natural background concentrations of alpha emitters in groundwater 
(including 226Ra but excluding radon and uranium) (10 CFR 63.331 [DIRS 156605]) must be 
included in the calculation of alpha activity concentration. 
Table 6.3-3. Number of Alpha Particles Emitted per One Decay of a Primary Radionuclide Considered 
in the Gross Alpha Activity Limit of the Groundwater Protection Standard 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay Products Number of Alpha 
Particles 
T h o r i u m S e r i e s (4n) 
Plutonium-240 100% 1 
Uranium-236 a (100%) 0 a 
Thorium-232 b 100% 1 
Uranium-232 a, c (100%) 0 a 
Thorium-228 b, c 100% 4 a 
Radium-224 100% 
Radon-220 a (100%) 
Polonium-216 100% 
Bismuth-212 35.93% 
Polonium-212 64.07% 
N e p t u n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 1) 
Americium-241 100% 1 
Neptunium-237 100% 1 
Uranium-233 a (100%) 0 
Thorium-229 100% 5 
Actinium-225 100% 
Francium-221 100% 
Astatine-217 100% 
Bismuth-213 2.16% 
Polonium-213 97.84% 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 88 July 2003 
Table 6.3-3. Number of Alpha Particles Emitted per One Decay of a Primary Radionuclide Considered in 
the Gross Alpha Activity Limit of the Groundwater Protection Standard (continued) 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay Products Number of Alpha 
Particles 
U r a n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 2) 
Plutonium-242 100% 1 
Uranium-238 a (100%) 0 a 
Plutonium-238 100% 1 
Uranium-234 a (100%) 0 a 
Thorium-230 100% 1 
Radium-226 100% 3 
Radon-222 a (100%) 
Polonium-218 99.98% 
Astatine-218 0.02% 
Bismuth-214 0.02% 
Polonium-214 99.98% 
Lead-210 - 1 b 
Polonium-210 100% 
A c t i n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 3) 
Americium-243 100% 1 
Plutonium-239 100% 1 
Uranium-235 a (100%) 0 a 
Protactinium-231 100% 1 
Actinium-227 1.38% 4 a 
Thorium-227 98.62% 
Radium-223 100% 
Radon-219 a (100%) 
Polonium-215 100% 
Bismuth-211 99.73% 
Polonium-211 0.273% 
NOTES: 
a Isotopes of radon and uranium have been excluded, per 10 CFR 63.331 [DIRS 156605]. 
b 232Th is accompanied in the groundwater by its relatively long-lived decay products, 228Ra and 228Th (and their shortlived 
decay products), which are not being tracked in TSPA. If radioactive equilibrium between 232Th, 228Ra and 
228Th is assumed, the number of alpha particles for 228Th should be added to that for 232Th (228Ra and its decay 
product 228Ac are beta-emitters). 
c 232U is accompanied in the groundwater by its relatively long-lived decay product, 228Th (and its short-lived decay 
products). If radioactive equilibrium between 232U and 228Th is assumed, the number of alpha particles for 228Th 
should be added to that for 232U. 
The alpha particle activity concentration in water is calculated as 
(Eq. 6.3-1) 
where 
C a = total alpha particle activity concentration in groundwater 
Cwi = activity concentration of a primary radionuclide i in groundwater (Bq/m3 or 
. = 
i 
i i N Cw C , a a

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 89 July 2003 
pCi/L) 
N a, i = number of alpha particles emitted per one decay of a primary radionuclide i 
The annual dose limit for beta and photon emitting radionuclides is 0.04 mSv (4 mrem) per year, 
based on the consumption of 2 liters of water per day (10 CFR 63.331 [DIRS 156605]). This 
limit applies to radionuclides other than alpha emitters. Alpha emitters are covered under the 
gross alpha limit of the groundwater protection standard. If a radionuclide decays with 
emissions of alpha and beta radiation, this analysis considers the radionuclide for both gross 
alpha and annual dose. This is the case for several radionuclides (Table 6.3-2). Such an 
approach is conservative and ensures that all types of radiation emitted from a radionuclide are 
considered. 
Dose contributions for beta-photon emitters were calculated using dose conversion factors from 
Characteristics of the Receptor for the Biosphere Model (DTN: MO0306SPACRBSM.001 
[DIRS 163813]). These dose conversion factors include contributions from all emissions for 
each radionuclide. For example, if the fraction of decays of a radionuclide that primarily is a 
beta emitter undergoes an alpha decay, the dose from alpha particles is included in the dose 
conversion factor. Radionuclides such as 212Bi that have large fractions of alpha and beta decays 
are thus double-counted (i.e., they are included in the gross alpha component and the dose 
component to ensure that all radionuclide emissions are counted). Radionuclides classified as 
alpha-beta emitters (Eckerman and Ryman 1993 [DIRS 107684], Table A.1), with a large 
fraction of alpha emission (about 99% or more; e.g., 218Po, 99.98% a; 211Bi, 99.73% a), are not 
included in calculating beta-photon dose. 
The annual dose for a given concentration of a primary beta-photon-emitting radionuclide in 
groundwater is calculated as 
. .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
= 
. .. 
. 
. .. . 
= 
L pCi 
yr mrem CF L pCi Cw yr mrem D
or 
L Bq 
yr Sv CF m Bq Cw yr Sv D 
i i i 
i i i 
/
/ ) / ( ) / ( 
/ 
/ ) / ( ) / ( 3 
(Eq. 6.3-2) 
where 
Di = annual dose (committed effective dose equivalent) from intake of radionuclide 
i by ingestion resulting from daily consumption of 2 liters of water (Sv/yr or 
mrem/yr, depending on the set of units used) 
Cwi = activity concentration of radionuclide i in groundwater (Bq/L or pCi/L, 
depending on the set of units used) 
CFi = conversion factor for calculating beta-photon dose (Sv/yr per Bq/L or 
mrem/yr per pCi/L, depending on the set of units used). 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 90 July 2003 
The conversion factor, CF, is numerically equal to the annual dose resulting from daily 
consumption of 2 liters of water containing a unit activity concentration of a given primary 
radionuclide and associated short-lived decay products. Conversion factors are calculated as 
rem
mrem 
Sv
rem 
Bq 
Sv EDCF 
pCi 
Bq 
yr 
d 
d
L 
L pCi 
yr mrem CF 
or 
Bq 
Sv EDCF 
L 
m 
yr 
d 
d
L 
m Bq 
yr Sv CF 
i i 
i i 
1000 100 10 7 . 3 25 . 365 2 
/
/ 
10 25 . 365 2 
/
/ 
2 
3 
3 
3 
  . .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
 
 
  = . .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
   = . .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
- 
- 
(Eq. 6.3-3) 
where 
EDCFi = effective dose conversion factor for ingestion of primary radionuclide i (Sv/Bq) 
The total dose from beta-gamma emitters in the groundwater water is calculated as 
. = 
i 
i i CF Cw D (Eq. 6.3-4) 
The effective dose conversion factor for the ingestion of a primary radionuclide includes 
contributions from dose conversion factors for the short-lived decay products. The effective 
dose conversion factor is calculated as the sum, or the weighted sum, of the dose conversion 
factors for a primary radionuclide and the short-lived decay products. Dose conversion factors, 
effective dose conversion factors, and conversion factors for calculating annual beta-photon dose 
resulting from consumption of 2 liters of water per day are summarized in Table 6.3-4. The 
calculations were carried out in Excel (Conversion Factors for Groundwater Protection 
Standard.xls; Attachments I and II). 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 91 July 2003 
Table 6.3-4. Conversion Factors for Calculating Annual Beta-Gamma Dose to Demonstrate Compliance 
with the Groundwater Protection Standard 
Conversion Factor Primary Radionuclide and 
Mode of Decay 
Short-lived Decay Product 
and Mode of Decay 
DCF a 
Sv/Bq 
Effective 
DCF b 
Sv/Bq Sv/y per 
Bq/L 
mrem/y 
per pCi/L 
Carbon-14 - 5.64E-10 5.64E-10 4.12E-10 1.52E-03 
Chlorine-36 EC + - 8.18E-10 8.18E-10 5.98E-10 2.21E-03 
Selenium-79 - 2.35E-09 2.35E-09 1.72E-09 6.35E-03 
Strontium-90 - 3.85E-08 4.14E-08 3.02E-08 1.12E-01 
Yttrium-90 - 2.91E-09 
Technetium-99 - 3.95E-10 3.95E-10 2.89E-10 1.07E-03 
Tin-126 - 5.27E-09 5.70E-09 4.16E-09 1.54E-02 
Antimony-126m IT - 2.54E-11 
Antimony-126 - 2.89E-09 
Iodine-129 - 7.46E-08 7.46E-08 5.45E-08 2.02E-01 
Cesium-135 - 1.91E-09 1.91E-09 1.40E-09 5.16E-03 
Cesium-137 - 1.35E-08 1.35E-08 9.86E-09 3.65E-02 
Barium-137m IT 0 
T h o r i u m S e r i e s (4n) 
Radium-228 c - 3.88E-07 3.89E-07 2.84E-07 1.05E+00 
Actinium-228 - 5.85E-10 
Thorium-228 c, d a - 1.26E-08 9.20E-09 3.41E-02 
Lead-212 - 1.23E-08 
Bismuth-212 a - a 2.87E-10 
Thallium-208 - 0 
N e p t u n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 1) 
Neptunium-237 a - 9.81E-10 7.17E-10 2.65E-03 
Protactinium-233 - 9.81E-10 
Thorium-229 a - 1.04E-07 7.60E-08 2.81E-01 
Radium-225 - 1.04E-07 
Bismuth-213 - a 1.95E-10 
Thallium-209 - 0 
Lead-209 - 5.75E-11 
U r a n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 2) 
Uranium-238 SF a - 3.69E-09 2.70E-09 9.97E-03 
Thorium-234 - 3.69E-09 
Protactinium- 
234m 
- IT 0 
Protactinium-234 - (0.33%) 5.84E-10 
Radium-226 a - 2.45E-10 1.79E-10 6.62E-04 
Lead-214 - 1.69E-10 
Bismuth-214 - 7.64E-11 
Thallium-210 - 0 
Lead-210 - 1.45E-06 1.45E-06 1.06E-06 3.92E+00 
Bismuth-210 - 1.73E-09 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 92 July 2003 
Table 6.3-4. Conversion Factors for Calculating Annual Beta-Gamma Dose to Demonstrate Compliance 
with the Groundwater Protection Standard (continued) 
Conversion Factor Primary Radionuclide and 
Mode of Decay 
Short-lived Decay Product 
and Mode of Decay 
DCF a 
Sv/Bq 
Effective 
DCF b 
Sv/Bq Sv/y per 
Bq/L 
mrem/y 
per pCi/L 
A c t i n i u m S e r i e s (4n + 3) 
Americium-243 a - 8.82E-10 6.44E-10 2.38E-03 
Neptunium-239 - 8.82E-10 
Actinium-227 - a 3.80E-06 3.80E-06 2.78E-06 1.03E+01 
Francium-223 - (1.38%) 2.33E-09 
Lead-211 - 1.42E-10 
Thallium-207 - 0 
Source: a MO0306SPACRBSM.001 [DIRS 163813] 
NOTES: b Effective dose conversion factors (DCFs) include contributions from short-lived decay products of primary 
radionuclides, where applicable. The short-lived decay products are assumed to be in secular equilibrium 
with the parent primary radionuclide. 
c 232Th is accompanied in the groundwater by its relatively long-lived decay products, 228Ra and 228Th (and 
their short-lived decay products), which are not being tracked in TSPA. If radioactive equilibrium between 
232Th, 228Ra and 228Th is assumed, the beta-gamma dose attributable to 232Th should be calculated by 
multiplying activity concentration of 232Th in the water by the sum of conversion factors for 228Th and 228Ra 
(Equation 6.3-2). 
d 232U is accompanied in the groundwater by its relatively long-lived decay product, 228Th (and its shortlived 
decay products). If radioactive equilibrium between 232U and 228Th is assumed, the beta-gamma dose 
attributable to 232U should be calculated by multiplying activity concentration of 232U in the water by the 
conversion factor for 228Th (Equation 6.3-2). 
a - emitting radionuclides with fraction of alpha of 99% or more (Po-218 99.98% a and Bi-211 99.73% a) 
are not included in the beta-photon dose. 
EC = electron capture, IT = isomeric transformation, SF = spontaneous fission. 
232Th is accompanied in the groundwater by its relatively long-lived decay products, 228Ra and 
228Th (and their short-lived decay products), which are not primary radionuclides (Section 6.1.1). 
If radioactive equilibrium between 232Th, 228Ra, and 228Th exists, the beta-gamma dose 
attributable to 232Th should be calculated by multiplying activity concentration of 232Th in the 
groundwater by the sum of conversion factors for 228Th and 228Ra (Equation 6.3-2). Similarly, 
232U is accompanied in the groundwater by its relatively long-lived decay product, 228Th (and its 
short-lived decay products). If radioactive equilibrium between 232U and 228Th exists, the betagamma 
dose attributable to 232U should be calculated by multiplying activity concentration of 
232U in the groundwater by the conversion factor for 228Th (Equation 6.3-2). 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 93 July 2003 
7. CONCLUSIONS 
This section contains the summary of recommendations concerning BDCFs for the groundwater 
exposure scenario and the methods for calculating values for comparison with the groundwater 
protection standard. The output of this analysis, including the BDCFs as well as the methods and 
conversion factors supporting calculations for comparison with the groundwater protection 
standard, are included in the dataset Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors 
(DTN: MO0307MWDNPBDC.001). 
The applicable acceptance criteria listed in Section 4.2 have been addressed. This report 
describes the results of biosphere modeling for the groundwater exposure scenario. The 
acceptance criteria that were considered during development of the model and its input 
parameters are implicitly included in the modeling results. The results reflect consideration of 
site-specific FEPs, characteristics of the reference biosphere and its features, parameter selection 
and justification, as well as incorporation of uncertainty in the model and its input parameters. 
The model for the groundwater exposure scenario is briefly described in Section 6.1.5; the model 
input parameter values, including uncertainty distributions, are presented in Section 4.1. 
7.1 INCORPORATION OF UNCERTAINTY IN BIOSPHERE DOSE CONVERSION 
FACTORS 
BDCFs were calculated in a series of biosphere model realizations using a probabilistic approach 
that allows statistical sampling of parameter values defined by their probability distribution 
functions. Such an approach provides a quantitative evaluation of the parameter uncertainties 
and their impacts on the modeling outcome, the BDCFs. Uncertainty in the model outcome is 
represented by the probability distribution functions of the BDCFs. The BDCFs were developed 
for three climate states: the modern climate, the monsoon climate, and the glacial transition 
climate. BDCFs for each climate are in the format of 1,000 row vectors. Rows represent 
individual model realizations, while the vector elements correspond to the BDCFs for individual 
radionuclides of interest for a given model realization. The BDCFs were calculated for 
28 radionuclides, so each row vector has 28 elements. The full set of BDCFs consists of 
84,000 values (3 climate states  28 radionuclides  1,000 model realizations). A vector can be 
regarded as a one-dimensional array containing the results of a single realization of the biosphere 
model for the primary radionuclides. 
7.2 BIOSPHERE DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR GROUNDWATER 
EXPOSURE SCENARIO AND THEIR USE IN TSPA 
The full set of BDCFs for the groundwater exposure scenario is included in the dataset Nominal 
Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors (DTN: MO0307MWDNPBDC.001). 
Some BDCFs (radionuclide specific) include contributions from decay products (Section 6.1.1). 
The primary radionuclides and the decay products, which were included in the BDCF with the 
primary radionuclides, are presented in Table 7-1. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 94 July 2003 
Table 7-1. Primary Radionuclides and Decay Products Included in the Biosphere Dose Conversion 
Factors 
Primary Radionuclide Short-lived Decay Products Included in BDCF 
14C 
36Cl 
79Se 
90Sr 90Y 
99Tc 
126Sn 
129I 
135Cs 
137Cs 137mBa 
210Pb 210Bi, 210Po 
226Ra 222Rn, 218Po, 214Pb, 218At, 214Bi, 214Po, 210Tl 
227Ac 227Th, 223Fr, 223Ra, 219Rn, 215Po, 211Pb, 211Bi, 207Tl, 211Po 
229Th 225Ra, 225Ac, 221Fr, 223At, 213Bi, 213Po, 209Tl, 209Pb 
230Th 
232Th 228Ra, 228Ac, 228Th, 224Ra, 220Rn, 216Po, 212Pb, 212Bi, 212Po, 208Tl 
231Pa 
232U 228Th, 224Ra, 220Rn, 216Po, 212Pb, 212Bi, 212Po, 208Tl 
233U 
234U 
236U 
238U 234Th, 234mPa, 234Pa 
237Np 233Pa 
238Pu 
239Pu 
240Pu 
242Pu 
241Am 
243Am 239Np 
The total annual dose is the sum of the annual doses from individual radionuclides. The total 
annual dose is calculated in TSPA as 
.  = 
i 
i i total t Cw BDCF t D ) ( ) ( (Eq. 7-1) 
where 
Dtotal(t) = time-dependent total annual dose to a defined receptor resulting from the 
release of radionuclides from the repository; includes contributions from all 
radionuclides considered in the TSPA (Sv/y) 
BDCFi = biosphere dose conversion factor for radionuclide i (Sv/yr) per (Bq/L) 
Cwi(t) = time dependent activity concentration of radionuclide i the groundwater 
(Bq/m3). 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 95 July 2003 
Equation 7-1 uses a linear relationship between radionuclide concentrations in groundwater and 
the resulting doses. Calculations of the total dose for a given point in time should use the set of 
BDCFs corresponding to the climate at that time. 
7.3 LIMITATIONS OF BIOSPHERE MODELING 
The ERMYN model applies to the specific environments identified in 10 CFR 63.305 [DIRS 
156605]. It uses certain assumptions and simplifications. Therefore, the ERMYN model only 
applies within a certain assessment context (BSC 2003 [DIRS 164186], Section 6.1). The 
radionuclide sources for the biosphere model are specific to the groundwater exposure scenario. 
The ERMYN model focuses on the radionuclides that were screened for the TSPA (BSC 2002 
[DIRS 160059]). The model applies to assessing chronic radiation doses and is valid for all 
values of input parameters reasonably expected to occur in the arid to semi-arid region 
surrounding Yucca Mountain. 
For the contaminated groundwater scenario, the ERMYN model applies to an agricultural 
situation with long-term irrigation and soil contamination at long-term saturation conditions. If 
soils are not at saturation concentrations of radionuclides, the ERMYN model might 
overestimate the radiation dose. The biosphere model applies to an arid or semi-arid climate, 
and it is valid only for limited groundwater discharge to the surface and limited surface water 
transport, as long as the radionuclide concentration in the surface water is the same as in the 
groundwater and the reference biosphere is not greatly altered. For example, if permanent 
surface waters such as rivers or lakes are present, the environment would be sufficiently different 
to change the reference biosphere, and other pathways would have to be added for the ERMYN 
model to remain valid. 
7.4 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT CALCULATIONS FOR GROUNDWATER 
PROTECTION STANDARD 
For calculating activity concentration and dose for comparison with the groundwater protection 
standard, the methods and the conversion factor values described in Section 6.3 should be used 
(DTN: MO0307MWDNPBDC.001). Natural background activity concentrations must be added 
to calculated values for comparison with the combined 226Ra and 228Ra and the gross alpha 
activity limits. The alpha particle activity concentration in the groundwater should be calculated 
using Equation 6.3-1 and the number of alpha particles from Table 6.3-3. The beta-gamma dose 
should be calculated using Equation 6.3-4 and conversion factors from Table 6.3-4. 
7.5 CORRELATIONS AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS 
Rank correlation coefficients for the groundwater exposure scenario BDCF for individual 
radionuclides are listed in Table 6.2-8. Correlation coefficients generally are the highest for the 
isotopes of actinides. 
Results of pathway analysis are presented in Tables 6.2-10 and 6.2-11 for the modern climate 
and the upper bound of the glacial transition climate, respectively. For both climates, inhalation 
of particulate matter tends to dominate doses for actinides (e.g., isotopes of thorium, uranium, 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 96 July 2003 
plutonium, and americium). Inhalation of radioactive aerosols generated by evaporative coolers 
also is an important inhalation exposure pathway for these radionuclides, especially for the 
modern climate. For the upper bound of the glacial transition climate, the importance of the 
evaporative cooler pathway is greatly reduced. Ingestion of water is a consistently high 
contributor to dose for all radionuclides and for both climates. Other pathways are only 
important for a few radionuclides. For instance, external exposure is a dominant pathway for 
126Sn and 137Cs, inhalation of radon decay products for 226Ra and 230Th, and fish consumption for 
isotopes of cesium, 210Pb, and 237Np. Consumption pathways generally are more important for 
radionuclides with atomic numbers less than about 88. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 97 July 2003 
8. INPUTS AND REFERENCES 
8.1 DOCUMENTS CITED 
154659 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2001. FY01 Supplemental Science and Performance 
Analyses, Volume 2: Performance Analyses. TDR-MGR-PA-000001 REV 00. Las 
Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: MOL.20010724.0110. 
160059 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2002. Radionuclide Screening. ANL-WIS-MD- 
000006 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: 
MOL.20020923.0177. 
160146 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2002. Total System Performance Assessment-License 
Application Methods and Approach. TDR-WIS-PA-000006 REV 00. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: MOL.20020923.0175. 
160976 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Agricultural and Environmental Input 
Parameters for the Biosphere Model. ANL-MGR-MD-000006 REV 01. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20030624.0004. 
164186 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Biosphere Model Report. MDL-MGR-MD- 
000001 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: 
DOC.20030721.0001. 
161241 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Characteristics of the Receptor for the 
Biosphere Model. ANL-MGR-MD-000005 REV 02. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel 
SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20030701.0001. 
160964 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Environmental Transport Input Parameters 
for the Biosphere Model. ANL-MGR-MD-000007 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: 
Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20030701.0002. 
160965 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the 
Biosphere Model. ANL-MGR-MD-000001 REV 02 ICN 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: 
Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20030611.0002. 
161572 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Software Code: GoldSim. 7.50.100. PC. 
10344-7.50.100-00. 
161239 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Soil-Related Input Parameters for the 
Biosphere Model. ANL-NBS-MD-000009 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel 
SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20030707.0002. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 98 July 2003 
163602 BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2003. Technical Work Plan for: Biosphere Modeling 
and Expert Support. TWP-NBS-MD-000004 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel 
SAIC Company. ACC: DOC.20030604.0001. 
161770 Canori, G.F. and Leitner, M.M. 2003. Project Requirements Document. TER-MGRMD-
000001 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: 
DOC.20030404.0003. 
152539 CRWMS M&O 2001. Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor 
Analysis. ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20010123.0123. 
107684 Eckerman, K.F. and Ryman, J.C. 1993. External Exposure to Radionuclides in Air, 
Water, and Soil, Exposure-to-Dose Coefficients for General Application, Based on 
the 1987 Federal Radiation Protection Guidance. EPA 402-R-93-081. Federal 
Guidance Report No. 12. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 
Office of Radiation and Indoor Air. TIC: 225472. 
160643 GoldSim Technology Group. 2002. GoldSim, Graphical Simulation Environment, 
User's Guide. Version 7.40. Redmond, Washington: Golder Associates. TIC: 
253564. 
103178 Lide, D.R. and Frederikse, H.P.R., eds. 1997. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and 
Physics. 78th Edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. TIC: 243741. 
163274 NRC (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission) 2003. Yucca Mountain Review Plan, 
Final Report. NUREG-1804, Rev. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards. TIC: 254568. 
150857 Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A 
Biometrical Approach. 2nd Edition. New York, New York: McGraw Hill. TIC: 
6322. 
158378 USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) 2001. Future Climate Analysis. ANL-NBS-GS- 
000008 REV 00 ICN 01. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: 
MOL.20011107.0004. 
8.2 DATA TRACKING NUMBERS CITED 
162452 MO0303SEPFEPS2.000. LA FEP List. Submittal date: 03/26/2003. 
163808 MO0305SPAINEXI.001. Inhalation Exposure Input Parameters for the Biosphere 
Model. Submittal date: 05/27/2003. 
163815 MO0305SPASRPBM.001. Soil Related Parameters for the Biosphere Model. 
Submittal date: 05/28/2003. 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 99 July 2003 
163816 MO0306MWDBGSMF.001. Biosphere Goldsim Model Files. Submittal date: 
06/13/2003. 
163812 MO0306SPAAEIBM.001. Agricultural and Environmental Input Parameters for the 
Biosphere Model. Submittal date: 05/30/2003. 
163813 MO0306SPACRBSM.001. Characteristics of the Receptor for the Biosphere Model. 
Submittal date: 06/11/2003. 
163814 MO0306SPAETPBM.001. Environmental Transport Input Parameters for the 
Biosphere Model. Submittal date: 06/11/2003. 
8.3 CODES, STANDARDS, REGULATIONS, AND PROCEDURES 
156605 10 CFR 63. Energy: Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in a Geologic 
Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Readily available. 
103999 40 CFR 141. Protection of Environment: National Primary Drinking Water 
Regulations. Readily available. 
163021 AP-2.22Q, Rev. 0, ICN 1. Classification Criteria and Maintenance of the Monitored 
Geologic Repository Q-List. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of 
Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: DOC.20030422.0009. 
164105 AP-SI.1Q, Rev. 05, ICN 01. Software Management. Washington, D.C.: U.S. 
Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: 
DOC.20030708.0001. 
8.4 ANALYSIS OUTPUT 
MO0307MWDNPBDC.001. Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion 
Factors. Submittal date: 07/8/2003 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 I-1 July 2003 
ATTACHMENT I 
CALCULATION OF BIOSPHERE DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR 
GROUNDWATER EXPOSURE SCENARIO 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 I-2 July 2003 
This attachment contains descriptions of the EXCEL files that were used for calculations in this 
analysis. 
BDCF Realizations for Groundwater MC and FC.xlsExcel file BDCF Realizations for 
Groundwater MC and FC.xls contains two worksheets: BDCF Calculations and BDCF Values. 
The first worksheet contains the results of 1,000 biosphere model realizations for the 
groundwater exposure scenario from files shown in Figures II-1 and II-2. These realizations 
generated BDCFs for the modern climate and the upper bound of the glacial transition climate. 
The worksheet also contains the calculated values of BDCFs for the monsoon and the glacial 
transition climates. The BDCFs are arranged by radionuclide in columns B to AG for the 
modern climate (average interglacial) and in columns AJ to BO for the average upper bound of 
the glacial transition climate. The results of individual model realizations are in rows 31 to 
1,030. The values from the modern climate and the upper bound of the glacial transition climate 
were copied from the GoldSim results summaries and pasted into the worksheet. 
Columns BR to CW and rows 31 to 1,030 contain calculated BDCF values for the monsoon 
climate. Each BDCF value was calculated as 
) 1 , 0 ( ) ( , , , , , , , RAND BDCF BDCF BDCF BDCF j i UBGT j i IC j i UBGT j i MC - + = (Eq. I-1) 
where 
BDCFMC, i, j = BDCF for model realization i and radionuclide j for monsoon 
climate 
BDCFUBGT, i, j = BDCF for model realization i and radionuclide j for upper bound of 
glacial transition climate 
BDCFIC, i, j = BDCF for model realization i and radionuclide j for modern 
(interglacial) climate 
RAND(0, 1) = random number between 0 and 1. 
Columns CZ to EE and rows 31 to 1,030 contain calculated BDCF values for the glacial 
transition climate. Each BDCF value was calculated as 
) 1 , 0 ( 
50 . 0 94 . 0 
50 . 0 88 . 0 ) ( , , , , , , , RAND BDCF BDCF BDCF BDCF j i UBGT j i IC j i UBGT j i GTC -
- 
- + = (Eq. I-2) 
where 
BDCFGTC, i, j = BDCF for model realization i and radionuclide j for glacial transition 
climate 
BDCFUBGT, i, j = BDCF for model realization i and radionuclide j for upper bound of 
glacial transition climate 
50 . 0 94 . 0 
50 . 0 88 . 0 
-
- = scaling factor, which is a fraction of the BDCF interval that is being 
sampled; scaling factor is calculated using the values of average 
annual irrigation rate for the modern interglacial climate, and lower 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 I-3 July 2003 
and upper bounds of the glacial transition climate, as explained in 
Section 6.2.2 
RAND(0, 1) = random number between 0 and 1. 
For all climates, the BDCF values for 232Th and its decay products were calculated by adding the 
values for 232Th, 228Ra, and 228Th. The BDCF values for 232U and its decay products were 
calculated by adding the values for 232U and 228Th. 
Row 5 contains the means of the values in rows 31 to 1,030 of the corresponding columns, 
calculated using the Excel AVERAGE function for the specified cell range. 
Row 6 contains standard deviations of the values in rows 31 to 1,030 of the corresponding 
columns, calculated using the Excel STDEV function the specified cell range. 
Row 7 contains the minima of the values in rows 31 to 1,030 of the corresponding columns, 
calculated using the Excel MIN function the specified cell range. 
Row 27 contains the maxima of the values in rows 31 to 1,030 of the corresponding columns, 
calculated using the Excel MAX function the specified cell range. 
Rows 8 to 26 contain the percentiles in the increments of 5 of the values in rows 31 to 1,030 of 
the corresponding columns, calculated using the Excel PERCENTILE function for the specified 
cell range. 
The second worksheet, BDCF Values, contains values copied from the first worksheet, BDCF 
Calculations. This was done to stabilize the results of random sampling executed in the first 
worksheet. 
The BDCF Values worksheet also contains calculation of the ratio of the mean BDCFs for the 
modern climate and the upper bound of the glacial transition climate in rows 1039 and 1040. 
Correlations for Groundwater BDCFs MC.xlsExcel file Correlations for Groundwater 
BDCFs MC.xls contains calculations of the rank correlation coefficients for groundwater 
exposure scenario BDCFs for different radionuclides for the modern climate. The BDCF values 
were copied from files shown in Figure II-1. 
The BDCFs and the ranks are arranged by radionuclide in sets of 2 columns per radionuclide in 
columns B to BI. The BDCF values were taken from the model output. The rank of each BDCF 
was calculated using the Excel RANK function for the specified range of cells. The BDCF 
values and the ranks for individual model realizations are in rows 7 to 1,006. 
Rows 1,013 to 1,040 and columns C to AD contain the 28 by 28 table of rank correlation 
coefficients for the BDCFs for 28 primary radionuclides, calculated using the Excel CORREL 
function for the specified range of cells containing ranks for the BDCFs. 
The rows beneath row 1,040 contain supplementary calculations of the Students t values for the 
range of correlation coefficient values. 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 I-4 July 2003 
Groundwater BDCFs Pathway Analysis.xls and Groundwater BDCFs Pathway Analysis 
FC.xlsExcel files Groundwater BDCFs Pathway Analysis and Groundwater BDCFs Pathway 
Analysis FC contain calculations of pathway contributions to BDCFs for the modern climate and 
upper bound of the glacial transition climate, respectively. The files contains 33 worksheets, a 
summary and pathway BDCFs for 30 individual radionuclides (28 primary radionuclides plus 
228Ra and 228Th) and individual realizations and 2 additional worksheets for 232Th and 232U 
combined with their long-lived decay products. The first worksheet (Pathway Summary) 
contains the summary of the mean pathway BDCFs, the second to the thirty-third worksheets 
contain the pathway BDCFs from individual realizations for 32 radionuclides, as well as their 
mean values. The pathway BDCFs for 1,000 realizations are in rows 10 to 1,009 of each 
worksheet for an individual radionuclide. The values were copied from GoldSim pathway 
results summary (files shown in Figures II-1 and II-2) and pasted into the worksheets for the 
corresponding radionuclides, following each run of the model. Row 6 contains the mean values 
of BDCFs from individual model realizations (rows 10 to 1,009) calculated using the Excel 
AVERAGE function. 
The Pathway Summary worksheet contains the summary of the mean values of pathway BDCFs 
for the individual radionuclides copied from the radionuclide worksheets (worksheets 2 to 31). 
These values are in rows 9 to 40 for individual radionuclides, and in columns C to Q for 
individual exposure pathways. Column S contain the all-pathway BDCF for each radionuclide, 
which is a sum of individual pathway BDCFs. 
Rows 48 to 79 contain the calculated percent values of the individual pathway contributions to 
the all-pathway BDCF. These values were calculated by dividing the mean pathway BDCFs by 
the all-pathway BDCF for a given radionuclide. Rows 84 to 111 contain the percent pathway 
contributions for the primary radionuclides for pasting into the main document. 
Correlations for Climate Dependent Parameters.xlsExcel file Correlations for Climate 
Dependent Parameters contains calculations of rank correlations between the climate-dependent 
parameters and the BDCFs calculated by replacing the values of climate-dependent parameters 
with uniform distributions between the values for the extreme climates (i.e., for the modern 
climate and the upper bound of the glacial transition climate). The workbook consists of two 
worksheets: Summary and Raw Data. The Raw Data worksheet contains the results of sampling 
of individual climate-dependent model input parameters (there are 18 such parameters) and the 
ranks. The results are in columns B to AK and rows 39 to 1,038. Columns AM to CX and rows 
39 to 1,038 contain BDCF values and ranks for individual radionuclides and model realizations. 
The BDCFs were generated using modified distributions for climate-dependent parameters, as 
described in Section 6.2.2. In rows 4 to 33, and in every other column from C to AK, there are 
values of rank correlation coefficients for the climate-dependent model input parameters and the 
BDCFs, calculated using the Excel CORREL function. Worksheet Summary contains the rank 
correlation coefficients for the primary radionuclides copied from the worksheet Raw Data. 
They appear in columns C to T and in rows 8 to 35 of the worksheet. 
Dependence of BDCFs on Irrigation Rate.xlsExcel file Dependence of BDCFs on Irrigation 
Rate is used to generate graphs showing the linear dependence of BDCFs on annual average 
irrigation rate. First, the columns containing the sampling results for annual average irrigation 
rate and the BDCFs for 14C, 99Tc, 129I, and 237Np were copied from file Correlations for Climate 

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Dependent Parameters, worksheet Raw Data. The values are in columns C to G of the 
worksheet. The values then were sorted by average annual irrigation rate. The irrigation rates 
and the BDCFs were then averaged in groups of 100 (columns K to O, rows 8 to 17). The 
average values were used to produce four graphs, one for each of the four radionuclides. 
Conversion Factors for Groundwater Protection Standard.xlsExcel file Conversion Factors 
for Groundwater Protection Standard contains calculations of conversion factors for 
demonstrating compliance with the groundwater protection standard. The conversion factors are 
calculated in units of Sv/yr per Bq/m3 or in mrem/yr per pCi/L using Equation 6.3-2. The 
calculations are performed for 18 radionuclides of importance during the compliance period. 
Column C contains the effective dose conversion factors for ingestion of radionuclides calculated 
in rows 33 to 111; columns E and F contain the conversion factors for the two sets of units. 
Rows 33 to 111 contain calculations of the effective dose conversion factors for the beta-gamma 
emitting radionuclides (Table 6.3-4). The effective dose conversion factors are calculated by 
adding the dose conversion factors weighted by their branching fractions, if branching fractions 
are different than 1. 

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ATTACHMENT II 
LIST OF FILES GENERATED IN THE ANALYSIS 

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This attachment contains the listing of files generated in this analysis. The files are included on 
the compact disks (i.e., CD-ROMs), which are a part of this attachment. Figure II-1 shows the 
list of GoldSim files for the modern climate (file names ERMYN_GW_CCB_<radionuclide 
symbol>), Figure II-2 shows the list of GoldSim files for the upper bound of the glacial transition 
climate (file names ERMYN_GW_FCB_<radionuclide symbol>), and Figure II-3 shows the 
listing of the GoldSim files with modified climate-dependent input parameters (file names 
ERMYN_GW_Climates_<radionuclide symbol>), as described in Section 6.2.2 and in 
Attachment I. The GoldSim files contain the stochastic results of the model runs. The results 
are summarized in the Results container. 
In addition, 7 Excel files shown in Figure II-4 contain calculations for this analysis, as described 
in Attachment I. 
Figure II-1. GoldSim Files for Calculating BDCFs for the Modern Climate 

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Figure II-2. GoldSim Files for Calculating BDCFs for the Upper Bound of Glacial Transition Climate 

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Figure II-3. GoldSim Files for Calculating BDCF Correlations with Climate-dependent Parameters 

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Figure II-4. Excel Files used for Calculations Supporting this Analysis 

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ATTACHMENT III 
REQUEST FOR 1,000 MODEL REALIZATIONS 

Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 III-2 July 2003 
This attachment contains a copy of the request from the TSPA staff specifying the number of 
biosphere model realization and providing justification for this decision. 
Figure III-1. Image of the Message Containing the Request for 1,000 Realizations of the Biosphere 
Model (part 1) 

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ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 02 III-3 July 2003 
Figure III-2. Image of the Message Containing the Request for 1,000 Realizations of the Biosphere 
Model (part 2)