A database of lotic invertebrate traits for North America	
"Nicole K. M. Vieira, N. LeRoy Poff, Daren M. Carlisle, Steve R. Moulton II, Marci L. Koski and Boris C. Kondratieff "	

"Data Series #187, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. 2006."	


Disclaimer	

The data entered in this database was recorded by several individuals based on individual interpretations of  literature sources.  	
"Although attempts were made to maintain data quality, review of all 14,000+ records was not possible.  Users are therefore advised"	
that some errors may exist in the database as a result of recorder misinterpretations or data-entry errors.  Please notify third author (D.M. Carlisle: 	
dcarlisle@usgs.gov) of errors so that later versions of this database can be enhanced.	

Field Name	Description (see report text for state types)

TraitRecord_ID	Record identification number
Taxon	Taxonomic level at which trait information was compiled from a literature source
Family	Family
Genus	Genus
Study_Citation	"Citation title matching titles in ""Literature Cited"" table"
Study_location_state	U.S. state or Canadian province in which study occurred
Study_location_county	U.S. county in which study occurred
Study_location_region	Region in which study occurred
Study_latitude	"Latitude, when reported in study"
Study_longitude	"Longitude, when reported in study"
Study_dates	Date of study
Adult	"Identifies if traits were compiled for aquatic adults, otherwise for immature life stages"
Data_entry	Initials of person entering data
Data_entry_date	Date of data entry
WB_type_lake	Type of water bodies found in: Lakes
WB_type_pond	Type of water bodies found in: Ponds
WB_type_wetland	Type of water bodies found in: Wetlands
WB_type_warm_sp	Type of water bodies found in: Warm springs
WB_type_cold_sp	Type of water bodies found in: Cold springs
WB_type_headwater	Type of water bodies found in: Headwater streams
WB_type_2-4_order	Type of water bodies found in: Second-fourth order streams
WB_type_river	Type of water bodies found in: Rivers
WB_type_brackish	Type of water bodies found in: Brakish waters
WB_type_temp_lentic	Type of water bodies found in: Temporary lentic
WB_type_eph_lotic	Type of water bodies found in: Ephemeral lotic
WB_type_other	"Type of water bodies found in: Other types, see text notes"
WB_type_other_specify	Text notes
Primary_WB_type	Primary water body where found
Study_elevation_min	Lower elevation where taxon reported (in meters above sea level)
Study_elevation_max	Upper elevation where taxon reported (in meters above sea level)
Max_body_size	Maximal body size of immatures
Measured_length	Measured body length of immatures (mm)
Measured_width	Measured body width of immatures (mm)
Measured_height	Measured body height of immatures (mm)
Body_shape	Body shape
Body_shape_case	Body shape with case/retreat
Mediate_drag	Indication of whether shape mediates drag
Morph_adapt_suckers	Mophological adaptation: Suckers
Morph_adapt_friction	Mophological adaptation: Friction pad or other structure to reduce friction coefficient with surface
Morph_adapt_hooks	Mophological adaptation: Hooks
Morph_adapt_silk	Mophological adaptation: Silk
Morph_adapt_ballast	Mophological adaptation: Ballast
Morph_adapt_hairy	Mophological adaptation: Hair
Morph_adapt_other	"Mophological adaptation: Other, see text note"
Armor	Degree of body armoring
Resp_early	Respiration mode of early instars
Resp_late	Respiration mode of late instars
Resp_adult	Respiration mode of aquatic adults
Resp_comments	Text notes
Emerge_behav_drift	Emergence behavior: Drifting
Emerge_behav_climb	Emergence behavior: Climbing
Emerge_behav_crawl	Emergence behavior: Crawling
Emerge_behav_comment	Emergence behavior: Text notes
Emerge_season_all_year	Indicates whether emergence can occur all year
Emerge_synch	Indicates whether emergence is synchronous
Emerge_season_1	Season that emergence begins
Emerge_season_2	Season that emergence ends
Ovipos_behav_prim	Primary oviposition behavior
Ovipos_behav_sec	Secondary oviposition behavior
Ovipos_behav_comments	Oviposition behavior: Text notes
Eggs_cement	Indicates whether eggs are cemented
Ovipos_duration	Duration of oviposition period
Feed_mode_prim	Primary feeding mode based on mouthpart morphology
Feed_mode_sec	Secondary feeding mode based on mouthpart morphology
Feed_mode_comments	Food materials consumed
Habit_prim	Primary habit
Habit_sec	Secondary habit
Habit_comments	Habit: Text notes
Current_quiet	Current preference: Quiet
Current_slow	Current preference: Slow
Current_fast_lam	Current preference: Fast laminar
Current_fast_turb	Current preference: Fast turbulent
Microhab_sand	Microhabitat substrate preference: Sand
Microhab_silt	Microhabitat substrate preference: Silt
Microhab_gravel	Microhabitat substrate preference: Gravel
Microhab_rocks	Microhabitat substrate preference: Rocks
Microhab_boulder	Microhabitat substrate preference: Boulder
Microhab_LWD	Microhabitat substrate preference: Large woody debris
Microhab_detritus	Microhabitat substrate preference: Detritus
Microhab_phyto	Microhabitat substrate preference: Macrophytes
Microhab_algae	Microhabitat substrate preference: Algae
Microhab_pelagic	Microhabitat substrate preference: Pelagic
Microhab_comments	Microhabitat substrate preference: Text notes
Lat_lotic_margin	Lateral habitat position in water column: Margin
Lat_lentic_shore	Lateral habitat position in water column: Shoreline
Lat_pool	Lateral habitat position in water column: Pools
Lat_riffle	Lateral habitat position in water column: Riffles
Lat_hyporheic	Lateral habitat position in water column: Hyporheic
Lat_comments	Lateral habitat position in water column: Text notes
Vert_surface	Vertical habitat position in water column: Surface
Vert_phytes	Vertical habitat position in water column: Macrophytes
Vert_pelagic	Vertical habitat position in water column: Pelagic
Vert_bed	Vertical habitat position in water column: Benthic
Vert_hyporheic	Vertical habitat position in water column: Hyporheic
Vert_comments	Vertical habitat position in water column: Text notes
Drift_early	Drift propensity of early instars
Drift_late	Drift propensity of late instars
Larval_disp	Larvel dispersal distance
Adult_disp	Adult dispersal distance
Exit_temporarily	Indicates ability to temporarily exit water
No.Aquatic_stages	Number of aquatic life stages
Voltinism	Voltinism
Volt_comments	"Voltinism: Text comments (e.g., overwintering of eggs or immatures)"
Dev_speed	Development speed
Dev_pattern	Development pattern: Text notes
Adult_lifespan	Adult lifespan
Adult_lifespan_comments	Adult lifespan: Text notes
Fecundity	Fecundity
Eggs_single	Egg type: Single
Eggs_1mass	Egg type: One mass
Eggs_multiple_batch	Egg type: Multiple batches
Hatch_time	Time required for eggs to hatch
Hatch_time_comments	Time required for eggs to hatch: Text notes
Diapause	Indicates whether diapause occurs
O2_normal	Oxygen tolerance: Normal (intermediate) DO levels
O2_low	Oxygen tolerance: Low DO levels
Low_lethal_DO	Observed lethal DO levels
pH_acidic	pH tolerance: Acidic
pH_normal	pH tolerance: Intermediate
pH_alkaline	pH tolerance: Alkaline
Salin_fresh	Salinity tolerance: Fresh
Salin_brackish	Salinity tolerance: Brakish
Salin_salt	Salinity tolerance: Saline
Thermal_pref	Thermal preference
Min_temp_reported	Minimum temperature reported
Max_temp_reported	Maximum temperature reported
Max_lethal_temp	Observed maximum letal temperature 
Thermal_comments	Thermal: Text notes
Turbidity	Turbidity tolerance