Metadata:
  Identification_Information:
    Citation:
      Citation_Information:
        Originator: R.W. Tabor
        Originator: V.A. Frizzell, Jr.
        Originator:D. B. Booth
        Originator:R. B. Waitt
        Publication_Date: 2000 (paper copy); 2006 (digital database)
        Title: Geologic map of the Snoqualmie 30' X 60' Quadrangle, Washington
        Edition: 1.0
        Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data
        Series_Information:
          Series_Name: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigation Series
          Issue_Identification: I-2538
        Publication_Information:
          Publication_Place: Menlo Park, CA
          Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey
        Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
    Description:
      Abstract: This digital map database has been prepared by R.W. Tabor from the published Geologic map of the Snoqualmie Pass 30' X 60' Quadrangle, Washington.  Together with the accompanying text files as PDF, it provides information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered.  The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey.  The authors mapped most of the bedrock geology at 1:100,000 scale, but compiled Quaternary units at 1:24,000 scale.  The Quaternary contacts and structural data have been much simplified for the 1:100,000-scale map and database. The spatial resolution (scale) of the database is 1:100,000 or smaller.
    Purpose: This database depicts the distribution of geologic materials and structures at a regional (1:100,000) scale.  The report is intended to provide geologic information for the regional study of materials properties, earthquake shaking, landslide potential, mineral hazards, seismic velocity, and earthquake faults.  In addition, the report contains information and interpretations about the regional geologic history and framework.  However, the regional scale of this report does not provide sufficient detail for site development purposes.
     Supplemental_Information
DIGITAL COMPILATION- R. W. Tabor scanned, vectorized and edited the geologic map information from stable ink-on-mylar author compilation at 1:100,000 scale. ARC/INFO vectorized coverage of the geology was later edited by K. Nimtz.  The digital compilation was done in versions 7.1.1 through 8.2 of ARC/INFO with version 3.0 of the menu interface ALACARTE (Fitzgibbon and Wentworth, 1991, Fitzgibbon, 1991, Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991).  
BASE MAP-The geology of this dataset was mapped on dimensionally stable chronflex prints of the Snoqualmie Pass 1:100,000 scale topographic quadrangle.  Although no base map material is included in this dataset, a vectorized version of the base can be downloaded from http://edcftp.cr.usgs.gov/pub/data/DLG/100K/S/. 
SPATIAL RESOLUTION- Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data.  Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data.  The fact that this database was edited for a scale of 1:100,000 means that higher resolution information is not present in the dataset.  Plotting at scales larger than 1:100,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine- scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data.
Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 2000 (paper); 2006 (digital database)
    Currentness_Reference: 2000
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain:
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.009256
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -120.981095
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 47.513034
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 46.986867
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:none
Theme_Keyword: alpine glaciation
Theme_Keyword: bedrock geology
Theme_Keyword: Chilliwack Group
Theme_Keyword: Chiwaukum Schist
Theme_Keyword: Columbia River Basalt Group
Theme_Keyword: Cordilleran ice sheet
Theme_Keyword: Darrington-Devils Mountain Fault Zone
Theme_Keyword: Easton Metamorphic Suite
Theme_Keyword: eastern melange belt
Theme_Keyword: Ellensburg Formation
Theme_Keyword: erosional landscape
Theme_Keyword: fault offset
Theme_Keyword: Fifes Peak Formation
Theme_Keyword: geologic history
Theme_Keyword: geologic structures
Theme_Keyword: geology
Theme_Keyword: Grande Ronde Basalt
Theme_Keyword: Helena-Haystack melange
Theme_Keyword: Ingalls Tectonic Complex
Theme_Keyword: landslide deposits
Theme_Keyword: Lookout Mountain Formation of Stout (1964)
Theme_Keyword: Manastash Formation
Theme_Keyword: metamorphism
Theme_Keyword: Mount Stuart batholith
Theme_Keyword: Naches Formation
Theme_Keyword: North Cascades
Theme_Keyword: Northwest Cascade System
Theme_Keyword: Osceola Mudflow
Theme_Keyword: Ohanapecosh Formation
Theme_Keyword: Puget Group
Theme_Keyword: Quartz Mountain stock
Theme_Keyword: radiometric ages
Theme_Keyword: Raging River Formation
Theme_Keyword: rock samples
Theme_Keyword: Roslyn Formation
Theme_Keyword: Snoqualmie batholith
Theme_Keyword: Straight Creek Fault
Theme_Keyword: surficial geology
Theme_Keyword: Swauk Formation
Theme_Keyword: Taneum Formation
Theme_Keyword: Tatoosh volcanic-plutonic complex of Mattinson, 1977
Theme_Keyword: Teanaway Formation
Theme_Keyword: Tectonic complex of Stout (1964)
Theme_Keyword: Tonalite gneiss of Hicks Butte
Theme_Keyword: transtensional deposits
Theme_Keyword: Vashon stade
Theme_Keyword: Volcanic rocks of Mount Daniel
Theme_Keyword: Volcanic rocks of Mount Persis
Theme_Keyword: western melange belt
Theme_Keyword: Yakima Basalt Subgroup
Place:
        Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
        Place_Keyword: Pacific Northwest
        Place_Keyword: North Cascade Mountains
        Place_Keyword: Snoqualmie Pass
        Place_Keyword: Washington
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Augmented FIPS 10-4 and FIPS 6-4, version 1.0
Place_Keyword: King County
Place_Keyword: Kittitas County
Place_Keyword: Pierce County
Place_Keyword: Yakima County
Access_Constraints; none
Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 4; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.0.0.535
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: snpgeology is coverage of geologic contacts, faults, and rock units: snplines is coverage of fold axes and cross-section lines; snpsampum is coverage of locations of age samples and locations of small outcrops of ultramafic rocks; snpattern is coverage of zones  of foliated rock in serpentinite and serpentinized metaperidotite of the Ingalls Tectonic Complex, sheared rock the  Swauk Formation, and  silicified rhyolite in the Fifes Peak Formation; snptdikes is coverage of areas underlain by numerous Teanaway dikes.  Areal percent-ages estimated from dot distribution depicted in Frizzell and others (1984) which represented field estimations; snpstruct is coverage of structural symbols: bedding, foliation, and lineation;  symbols will not show on screen or plot without appropriate symbol sets available in Alacarte; snprocksamp is coverage of locations of 210 rock samples archived and stored at North Cascades National Park, Marblemount, WA
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: snpgeology
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector
  Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:
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      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Complete chain
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4552
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1747
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: GT-polygon composed of chains
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 1747
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 45
    SDTS_Terms_Description:
      SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Label point
      Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 0
Spatial_Reference_Information:
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
    Planar:
      Map_Projection:
        Map_Projection_Name: Transverse Mercator
        Transverse_Mercator:
          Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600
          Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000
          Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000
          False_Easting: 500000.000000
          False_Northing: 0.000000
      Planar_Coordinate_Information:
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair
        Coordinate_Representation:
          Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000558
          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000558
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model:
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_Clarke_1866
      Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698
Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
  Detailed_Description: 
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: snpgeology.aat
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FNODE#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the beginning of an arc (from-node).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: TNODE#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the end of an arc (to-node).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LPOLY#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the left polygon.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: RPOLY#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the right polygon.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LENGTH
      Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPGEOLOGY#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPGEOLOGY-ID
      Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: LTYPE
      Attribute_Definition: Geologic contact description
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, certain
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary between geologic units established in reconnaissance mapping by authors or compiled from other workers
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, concealed
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary between geologic units that is concealed by a younger units
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, inferred
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary of uncertain location between geologic units; contact exists but location inferred from indirect evidence
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, inferred queried
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary of uncertain location between geologic units; contact exists but location is very uncertain although inferred from indirect evidence
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: high-angle fault, certain
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of fault established in reconnaissance mapping by authors or compiled from other workers
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: high-angle fault, inferred
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Uncertain location of fault; positional accuracy uncertain but but general location inferred from indirect evidence
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: high-angle fault, concealed
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of fault concealed by younger unit; positional accuracy uncertain

          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: map boundary
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: map boundary of this 1:100,000 study
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: glacier boundary
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary of glacier derived from Chelan 1:100,000 scale topographic map
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: water boundary
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary of open water derived from Snoqualmie Pass 1:100,000 scale topographic map
Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: tuff, Tfc
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene): Crystal-lithic tuff-White to gray tuff containing crystals of plagioclase, pyroxene, and quartz, and clasts of pumice and volcanic rocks in brownish matix of devitrified glass.  At Boulder Creek, grades upward into diamictite consisting of a matrix similar to tuff studded with andesite and basalt blocks
          Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: tuff, Tolk
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Ohanapecosh Formation (Oligocene): Tuff member of Lake Keechelus-Dacite crystal-vitric tuff and breccia consisting of plagioclase (20 to 25 percent), quartz (7 to 11 percent), and pyroxene (trace to 4 percent, altered to smectite) phenocrysts in groundmass of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, and devitrified glass.  Light greenish, weathering to light pink or salmon.  Bedding locally defined by flattened pumice.  Breccia blocks as large as1 m.  Rocks of unit described in detail by Hammond (1963, p. 123-144)
  Detailed_Description:
    Entity_Type:
      Entity_Type_Label: snpgeology.pat
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPGEOLOGY#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPGEOLOGY-ID
      Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PTYPE
    Attribute_Definition: symbol of geologic unit
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: m
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MASS WASTAGE AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Man-Modified land (Holocene)-Gravel or diamicton as fill, or extensively graded natural deposits, that obscure underlying units
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qa
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MASS WASTAGE AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Alluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene)-Moderately sorted cobble gravel along rivers to poorly sorted gravelly sand on small-tributary fans; some fan material is lithologically similar to that included in talus (unit Qt).  Includes postglacial terrace gravels that are perched above present-day  flood-plain surfaces
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qb
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MASS WASTAGE AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Bog deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)-Peat and alluvium.  Poorly drained and at least intermittently wet.  Grades into alluvium and lahar deposits (units Qa and Qlh)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ql
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MASS WASTAGE AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Landslide deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)-Diamicton of angular clasts of bedrock and surficial deposits derived from upslope.  Mostly shown with arrow(s) depicting downslope movement direction
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qmw
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MASS WASTAGE AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Mass-wastage deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)-Colluvium, soil, or landslide debris with indistinct morphology, mapped where sufficiently continuous and thick to obscure underlying material.  Unit is gradational with landslide deposits (Ql) and alluvium (Qa)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MASS WASTAGE AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Talus deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)-Nonsorted angular boulder gravel to boulder diamicton.  Found low on hillslopes, gradational with alluvium (Qa).  At higher altitudes, includes small rock-avalanche deposits as well as some Holocene moraine, rock glacier, and protalus rampart deposits that lack characteristic morphology.  Generally unvegetated
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qlh
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: MASS WASTAGE AND ALLUVIAL DEPOSITS: Lahar deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)-Nonsorted muddy boulder diamicton to moderately sorted sand in the White River valley and adjacent lowlands.  Includes deposits of numerous Holocene catastrophic mudflows from Mt. Rainier volcano south of the Snoquallmie Pass quadrangle.  Most extensively exposed is the Holocene Osceola Mudflow (Crandell and Waldron, 1956).  Also includes hyperconcentrated streamflow deposits (Smith, 1986) originating from volcanic source terrane and inferred to result from volcanic activity
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qu
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Surficial deposits, undivided (Holocene and Pleistocene)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qag
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Alpine glacial deposits (Pleistocene)-Glacial deposits ranging from boulder till in uplands and up valley to gravel or sand outwash on broad valley floors.  On valley sides and uplands includes areas veneered with drift but also includes bedrock, alluvial fans, colluvium, or talus deposits.  On valley floors also includes small fans, bogs, and modern stream alluvium.  Areas of thin, sparse drift not distinguished from bedrock.  In headward reaches of high alpine streams, grades into unit Qgt
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qvr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Deposits of Vashon stade of Fraser glaciation of Armstrong and others (1965) of Cordilleran ice sheet (Pleistocene): Recessional outwash deposits--Stratified sand and gravel, moderately to well sorted, and well-bedded silty sand to silty clay deposited in proglacial and ice-marginal environments.  Subscripts (1-7) indicate chronologic sequence of major fluvial deposits, with 1 being the oldest
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qvi
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Deposits of Vashon stade of Fraser glaciation of Armstrong and others (1965) of Cordilleran ice sheet (Pleistocene): Ice-contact deposits--Stratified water-laid sand and gravel, silt, clay, and minor till with abrupt grain-size changes and collapse features indicating deposition adjacent to active or stagnant ice.  Subscripts (1-5) follow the same chronology as for unit Qvr and indicate probable ice-marginal zones during deposition of corresponding recessional outwash deposit
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Qvt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Deposits of Vashon stade of Fraser glaciation of Armstrong and others (1965) of Cordilleran ice sheet (Pleistocene): Till--Mainly compact diamicton with subangular to rounded clasts, glacially transported and deposited.  Includes minor stratified fluvial deposits.  In ice-marginal areas and where covered by thin layer of recessional outwash, contact with recessional-outwash or ice-contact deposits (Qvr or Qvi) is gradational
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qva
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Deposits of Vashon stade of Fraser glaciation of Armstrong and others (1965) of Cordilleran ice sheet (Pleistocene): Advance outwash deposits--Well-bedded gravelly sand to fine-grained sand, generally unoxidized, deposited in proglacial streams.  Includes minor stratified sediments that predate the Fraser glaciation
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qvu
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Deposits of Vashon stade of Fraser glaciation of Armstrong and others (1965) of Cordilleran ice sheet (Pleistocene): Vashon Drift, undivided
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qpf
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Glacial and nonglacial deposits of pre-Fraser glaciation age (Pleistocene)-Firm gray clay and deeply weathered stratified sand and gravel.  Evidence of strong in-place weathering throughout exposures, includes oxidation, weathering rinds, and clay-mineral replacement
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qpfa
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: GLACIAL DRIFT AND RELATED DEPOSITS: Alpine glacial drift of pre-Fraser glaciation age (Pleistocene)-Deeply weathered till with oxidized matrix and weathering rinds on clasts
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qra
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Andesite of Mount Rainier (Pleistocene)-Gray, porphyritic two-pyroxene andesite rich in phenocrysts of zoned plagioclase, augite, hypersthene, and opacitised hornblende.  Pilotaxitic groundmass with plagioclase, pyroxene, and opaque minerals
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qcc
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Basalt of Canyon Creek (Pleistocene)-Light-gray olivine basalt.  Olivine, partially altered to iddingsite rims, preseent as phenocrysts in  intergranular groundmass of plagioclase microlites and clinopyroxene, opaque minerals, and olivine.  In part vesicular.  Described by Fischer (1970, p. 86-92)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qcct
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Basalt of Canyon Creek (Pleistocene): Basaltic tuff and breccia--Unconsolidated to partially consolidated and crudely bedded basaltic tuff and breccia
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tbd
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Basalt of Dalles Ridge (Pliocene)-Light gray, pilotaxitic basalt flows with phenocrysts of olivine, partially to completely altered to iddingsite, in groundmass composed of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine, and opaque minerals.  Described by Hartman (1973, p. 36-37)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Th
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Howson Andesite (Miocene)-Gray hornblende porphyry containing plagioclase and either oxyhornblende or common hornblende phenocrysts, in part with hypersthene microphenocrysts, in groundmass of plagioclase, potassium feldspar, quartz, and opaque minerals.  Locally includes volcanic rock fragments
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tcp
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcaniclastic rocks of Cooper Pass (Miocene)-Tuffaceous sandstone and vocanic conglomerate.  Light-green to dark-gray dacitic tuffaceous sandstone that grades into gray volcanic clast-rich conglomerate and breccia; hornblende-bearing dacite tuff with partially altered plagioclase and quartz.  Well-bedded tuffaceous sandstone contains altered plagioclase, quartz (in part rounded and embayed), opaque mineral grains, and volcanic, sedimentary, metamorphic, and granitic lithic clasts in matrix altered to clay minerals.  Sandy volcanic conglomerate and breccia contains volcanic, sandstone, siltstone, phyllite, schist, chert, and granitic clasts. Age is middle and late Miocene
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tgn2
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Columbia River Basalt Group: Grande Ronde Basalt (Miocene): Flows of normal magnetic polarity -Flows of fine-grained, aphyric to slightly plagioclase-phyric basalt (units Tgn2 and Tgr2 of Swanson and others,1979).  Commonly columnar- or hackly jointed.  Interbeds of tuffaceous fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone abundant.  Flows generally have dense interiors and vesicular upper zones.  Invasive flows--lava flows that invade sedimentary deposits, generally as sill-like bodies--are common and have dense upper zones.  Pillows present locally, such as 500 m southeast of Jungle Creek Campground on the Little Naches River (D.A. Swanson, written commun., 1983)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Tgr2
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Columbia River Basalt Group: Grande Ronde Basalt (Miocene): Flows of reverse magnetic polarity -Flows of fine-grained, aphyric to slightly plagioclase-phyric basalt (units Tgn2 and Tgr2 of Swanson and others,1979).  Commonly columnar- or hackly jointed.  Interbeds of tuffaceous fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone abundant.  Flows generally have dense interiors and vesicular upper zones.  Invasive flows--lava flows that invade sedimentary deposits, generally as sill-like bodies--are common and have dense upper zones.  Pillows present locally, such as 500 m southeast of Jungle Creek Campground on the Little Naches River (D.A. Swanson, written commun., 1983)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Te
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Ellensburg Formation (Miocene)-Volcanic breccia, tuff, debris flows, and sandstone.  Clasts mostly derived from Fifes Peak Formation, but hornblende dacite clasts and pumice are also present and locally dominate (G.A. Smith, written commun., 1986).  Sandstone is parttially well cemented
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tsgs
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of Snoqualmie batholith: Tonalite and granodiorite, southern phase (Miocene)-Hornblende-biotite granodiorite and tonalite, medium grained, mostly equigranular with hypidiomorphic texture, locally with clinopyroxene.  CI (Color Index) = 9-24.  As indicated by normative minerals from chemical analyses (Erikson, 1969, appendix 2), southern phase of pluton is overall slightly more K-feldspar rich than northern phase (Tstn) described below.  Southern phase is mostly light colored and coarsely jointed.  Hammond (1963, p. 198-199) described a tonalite (his quartz diorite) border zone
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tsgf
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of Snoqualmie batholith: Fine-grained monzonite (Miocene)-Highly altered, light-colored, fine-grained monzonite containing cloudy plagioclase and chloritized hornblende in discontinuous mesostasis of quartz
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tsgg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of Snoqualmie batholith: Granodiorite and granite (Miocene)-Medium-grained hypidiomorphic granular to porphyritic granophyric granodiorite and granite (Erikson, 1969, p. 2221).  Mostly with biotite.  CI of 1-5, rarely to 10.  Normative composition is mostly granodiorite (Erikson, 1969, appendix 2), but with considerably more quartz than northern and southern phases.  Includes most of Erikson's informally named Preacher Mountain quartz monzonite
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tstn
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of Snoqualmie batholith: Tonalite and granodiorite, northern phase (Miocene and Oligocene)-Biotite-hornblende granodiorite and tonalite, medium grained, mostly equigranular, with hypidiomorphic texture; locally with clinopyroxene.  CI = 9-24.  Mostly light-colored, coarsely jointed rock.  Description adapted from Erikson (1969, p. 2218-2219).  On Three Queens (peak), rock is characterized by graphic intergrowth of K-feldspar and quartz.  Considerable sulphide is associated with tonalite in Mineral Creek
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tsm
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of Snoqualmie batholith: Mafic diorite and gabbro (Miocene and Oligocene)-Biotite-hornblende diorite and gabbro, including mafic pyroxene-bearing tonalite and quartz diorite.  CI = 20-40 (Erikson, 1969, p. 2217).  On Pratt River, mafic quartz diorite is associated with considerable amounts of thermally metamorphosed porphyritic andesite and andesite breccia
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tcr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Carbon River stock (Miocene)-Hypidiomorphic-granular biotite pyroxene granodiorite in main body and subordinate sills. Locally, main body has microtonalite border phase.  Main phase approximately 40 to 50 percent euhedral to subhedral phenocrystic plagioclase with twinning and oscillatory zoning, 20 percent slightly elongate interstitial orthoclase, 20 to 25 percent equant interstitial quartz, 5 percent biotite which that is generally present as small grains in the groundmass, and 5 to 10 percent euhedral pyroxene or uralite.  Description adapted from Fischer (1970, p. 137-150).  Pyroxene crystals are mostly uralitized; scarce primary hornblende is interstitial
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tip
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Intrusive rocks (Miocene and Oligocene): Pyroxene andesite porphyry--Gray to green hypersthene and (or) clinopyroxene andesite with hyalocrystalline to intergranular groundmass.  Generally partially altered with glass replaced by smectite.  Fresh rocks of unit ,mostly in area underlain by, Fifes Peak Formation, are black with unaltered brown glass.  Vine (1969, p. 32-34) described parts of unit as slightly altered, mostly clinopyroxene-bearing porphyritic rocks intrusive into Puget Group
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tit
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Intrusive rocks (Miocene and Oligocene): Tonalite--Uralitic pyroxene tonalite, mostly with hypersthene and clinopyroxene grading to rare granodiorite or quartz diorite.  Most bodies are plagioclase-pyroxene phyric and have fine-grained hypidiomorphic granular texture; quartz is interstitial and commonly mesostasic.  Some bodies are texturally transitional to pyroxene andesite porphyry (Tip).  Intrusion north of Blowout Mountain ranges to quartz gabbro (Stout, 1964, p. 331).  Small intrusions on Dalles Ridge, Amabilis Mountain, and west of Tacoma Pass are quartz-bearing olivine-pyroxene gabbro.  Many small tonalite masses may be satellitic to the Snoqualmie or Tatoosh batholiths.  Small masses in Cedar River area are rich in sulphides, mostly pyrite (Hammond, 1963, p. 200).  Tonalite bodies may also grade into unit Tidp.  Some areas mapped as tonalite may be made up of closely spaced dikes
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tiap
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Intrusive rocks (Miocene and Oligocene): Altered porphyry--Highly altered brown to green hornblende and pyroxene plagioclase phyric andesite with holocrystalline to intersertal groundmass, locally trachytoid.  Includes some dacite with groundmass quartz.  Commonly altered to smectite and zeolite
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tidp
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Intrusive rocks (Miocene and Oligocene): Dacite porphyry--Gray hornblende and (or) pyroxene dacite and rhyodacite porphyry with fine-grained to microgranular holocrystalline or devitrified groundmass.  Contains clinopyroxene and hypersthene where fresh.  Generally, mafic minerals and groundmass are partially altered to smectites and calcite.  Includes some highly altered quartz-bearing volcanic rocks and some microporphyritic rhyolite on North Fork of Little Naches River
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tf
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tfv
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25): Volcaniclastic rocks--Well-bedded andesitic breccia, tuff, and volcanic sandstone, cropping out in vicinity of Maggie Creek.  Porphyritic andesite breccia clasts commonly multicolored.  In part, pebbly volcanic sandstone.  Cut-and-fill structures and graded bedding present in some exposures.  Thin pumice-bearing white ash layers and leaf fossils present but uncommon.  Interbedded with unit flows of Fifes Peak Formation
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tfb
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25): Andesite and basalt megabreccia-Megabreccia containing blocks as large as 4 m across.  Clasts of andesite similar to unit Tf, and including very fine  grained, sugary to coarse-grained andesite porphyry.  Interbedded and gradational with flows of Fifes Peak Formation
Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tfci
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25): Rhyolite unit of Clear West Peak: Intracaldera rhyolite-Mostly gray to purple, sparsely plagioclase phyric devitrified rhyolite.  Equivalent in part to the informally named  Clear West complex of Fischer, 1972; see also 1970).  Local exposures of ash-flow tuff with vitroclastic and eutaxitic textures (McCulla, 1986, p. 65-68).  Most rocks highly altered but Fischer (1970, p. 102-113) described black vitrophyre containing plagioclase, augite and hypersthene phenocrysts, and abundant crystallites of hornblende.  Many of the altered rocks have pseudomorphs of smectite clays after hornblende(?).  Rocks are conspicuously banded perpendicular to columnar joints and commonly subhorizontally arrayed, suggesting steep and variable flow layering or multiple dikes.  McCulla (1986, p. 68) suggested that intrusions are concentrated near south margin of caldera.  Mass is locally intruded by andesite dikes and also includes some andesite xenoliths.  See Fischer (1970, p. 93-114) and McCulla (1986, p. 66-70) for detailed descriptions, modes, and chemical analyses
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tfce
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25): Rhyolite unit of Clear West Peak: Extracaldera rhyolite tuff-Gray to white devitrified, mostly banded rhyolite with rare black welded vitrophyre and local basal unwelded pumice-perlite tuff (reported by Fischer 1970, p. 98).  Mineralogy and chemistry (Fischer, 1970, p. 93-113) are similar to intracaldera rhyolite (Tfci), but flattened shards and local folded flow bands are more prominent.  Locally, rare beds of rhyolitic sandstone, siltstone, and coal.  Rhyolite tuff near unnamed hill north and locally south of White River is considerably altered, mostly to conspicuously massive white silica and hematite.  McCulla (1986, p. 108-174, plate 2) described replacement silica cap over argillitic, iron oxide-rich zone with local quartz, kaolinite, alunite, and pyrite veining.  Silicified rhyolite is shown with diagonal line pattern and may include some silicified andesite
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tfrt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25): Rhyodacite tuff-Predominately tan, locally light-green, in part flow banded, crystal-lithic ash-flow tuff with vitroclastic texture.  Rounded, resorbed quartz, euhedral to rounded feldspar, clinopyroxene, and volcanic lithic clasts (as large as 1.5 cm) in matrix of mostly undeformed glass shards and glass dust
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tfst
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25): Sun Top unit-Rhyodacite ash-flow tuff and well-bedded volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks.  Equivalent to informally named Sun Top tuff of Vance and others (1987).  Typically light gray or tan, locally reddish tan or light green.  Vitric to crystal-lithic tuff and interbedded air-fall tuff, volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone.  Rhyodacite ash-flow tuff generally contains abundant euhedral to subrounded plagioclase, clinopyroxene, hornblende, hypersthene, and biotite, rounded and embayed quartz, pumice and felsic to mafic volcanic rock fragments in generally highly altered matrix of glass shards and dust and very fine grained minerals.  Alteration minerals include smectites, chlorite, and calcite.  Alteration is locally so pervasive that original grain types and textures are not discernable, but rocks are generally less altered than dacite tuff in Ohanapecosh Formation.  Locally welded and with crude columns.  Gray to tan, in part greenish, well-bedded polymictic volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, and tuff locally exhibit sedimentary structures such as cross-bedding and ripple marks.  Includes rare mudflow breccia.  Rocks in quadrangle are in part described by Fischer (1970, p. 34-53), Hartman (1973, p. 15-21, tables 6, 7), and Vance and others (1987)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tfcr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Fifes Peak Formation (Miocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff.  Dark-reddish, dark-green to dark-gray or black, porphyritic to microporpyritic andesite contains 20 to 30 percent, generally well-zoned, plagioclase (An50 to An30) and 5 to 15 percent hypersthene and clinopyroxene as phenocrysts (Fischer, 1970).  Groundmass textures are trachytic to intersertal to intergranular with plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaque, or reddish-brown glass with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Black basalt with plagioclase and pyroxene microphenocrysts in fine-grained holocrystalline or hyalocrystalline, in part, pilotaxitic groundmass; locally contains olivine that has generally been altered to smectite clays (iddingsite).  Flow banding is indicated by color bands and layers with different amounts of crystals.  Flows exhibit platy jointing, columnar jointing with uniform to splayed orientations, vesicular tops, scoriaceous and amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Massive to well-bedded, green, red, and brown polymictic tuff and breccia and less colorful monolithologic tuff and breccia contain angular to well-rounded porphyritic andesite clasts; breccia matrix is commonly rich in feldspar crystals.  Breccia may predominate locally, but is not as easily seen as flows.  Minor volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, and siltstone, dacite, and mudflow breccia.  Well-bedded greenish volcanic conglomerate, and fine-grained silty layers, locally rich in organic materials, contains leaf fossils.  Quartz-bearing, crystal-rich, lithic ash-flow and air-fall tuff interbeds are locally prominent.  According to Hartman (1973, p. 39-48), andesite flows and breccia of Fifes Peak Formation in the Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle were only slightly affected by "low-grade metamorphism" (primarily heulandite-clay-(chlorite)-quartz).  Rocks of Fifes Peak Formation in this quadrangle were described in part by Hammond (1963, p. 144-152, 169-178), Fischer (1970, p. 54-81), and Hartman (1973, p. 21-25): Chenuis Ridge unit-Light-greenish-gray rhyodacitic ash-flow tuff, breccia, and minor interbedded volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks.  Similar to Sun Top unit.  Near Carbon River stock (fig. 2), rocks are locally hornfelsic
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Teg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcanic rocks of Eagle Gorge (Miocene and Oligocene)-Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, breccia, and minor well-bedded tuff and volcanic sedimentary rocks.  Predominantly dark-green to black andesitic flows and flow breccia.  Flows variously exhibit platy or columnar jointing, vesicular tops, scoriaceous or amygdaloidal zones, and minor drusy quartz zones.  Breccia generally monolithologic.  Plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and lesser hypershtene and hornblende phyric andesite exhibit intersertal and intergranular texture; with secondary smectites, hematite, calcite, and quartz.  Minor well-bedded multicolored tuff and breccia; volcanic sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, and dacite; rare mudflow breccia
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tdv
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcanic rocks of Mount Daniel (Oligocene): Andesite, dacite, and rhyolite volcanic rocks-Predominantly clinopyroxene and clinopyroxene-hypersthene andesite and dacite tuff, breccia, and subordinate flows.  Breccia beds as thick as 25 m.  Commonly highly altered to calcite and smectites.  Some thinly bedded (water-laid?) tuff and volcanic sandstone.  Detailed descriptions in Ellis (1959, p. 65-70) and, for rocks north of Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle, in Simonson (1981)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tdgr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcanic rocks of Mount Daniel (Oligocene): Granophyre and rhyolite porphyry-Intrusive rocks east of Waptus River grade, from medium-grained hornblende granite to fine-grained porphyritic granophyre.  Highly altered to chlorite, epidote, sericite, and prehnite.  West of river, plagioclase and quartz phyric rhyolite with devitrified groundmass.  On Cle Elum River, intrusive rhyolite porphyry breccia is filled with inclusions of country rock and broken phenocrysts of quartz, plagioclase, and K-feldspar.  These rocks are closely associated with tonalite dikes and they are thermally metamorphosed
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tdrd
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcanic rocks of Mount Daniel (Oligocene): Rhyodacite tuff-Vitric crystal-lithic dacite tuff, commonly containing plagioclase, resorbed quartz and silicic to intermediate volcanic fragments in devitrified glassy matrix.  Probably of ash-flow origin.  Similar to the member of Lake Keechelus (Tolk), but with more quartz phenocrysts
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Tdb
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcanic rocks of Mount Daniel (Oligocene): Breccia-Monolithologic breccia composed of angular sandstone clasts as large as 3 m across derived from Swauk Formation.  Rare volcanic clasts.  Further descriptions in Ellis (1959, p. 66-67) and Simonson (1981, p. 40-41)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tdr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcanic rocks of Mount Daniel (Oligocene): Rhyolite-Quartz and plagioclase phyric devitrified rhyolite.  Mostly tuff and breccia rich in devitrified shards, locally eutaxitic.  Rhyolite on Cone Mountain may be intrusion
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tolk
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Ohanapecosh Formation (Oligocene)-Well-bedded, multicolored, volcanic- and crystal-lithic andesitic tuff and breccia and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks alternating with massive tuff breccia, subordinate basalt and andesite flows and flow breccia, and minor rhyolite tuff.  Characteristically light green, but also pistachio-green, light-bluish green, purplish, black, brown, or white.  Mixed volcanic lithic, in part pumice-rich or feldspar-rich tuff, lapilli, and breccia.  Massive to well-bedded, mono- and polymictic breccias contain red, yellow, brown, green, or blue-green clasts of andesite porphyry and basalt in feldspar crystal-rich matrix.  Clasts generally about 2 to 6 cm in diameter, but as large as 2 m.  Well-bedded volcanic sandstone and comglomerate are rich in plagioclase crystals and contain variety of volcanic rock fragments and rare chert and granitoid clasts.  Volcanic argillite is, in part, rich in organic material and contains leaf impressions.  Minor fresh to mostly highly altered andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and mudflow breccia are locally present, particularly in basal parts of unit on the northeast and east side of outcrop area.  Dark-green, brown or black, weathering to light-green or brown, one- and two-pyroxene andesite porphyry contains phenocrysts or glomerocrysts of plagioclase or plagioclase and pyroxene.  Commonly trachytic with groundmass composed of plagioclase microlites, clinopyroxene, opaque minerals, and alteration products.  Flows locally exhibit platy jointing, columns, and vesicular tops.  Dark basalt with small plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine phenocrysts set in groundmass of plagioclase, opaque, clinopyroxene, and alteration minerals.  Plagioclase locally replaced by calcite, and pyroxene by smectite.  Other alteration minerals include quartz, zeolite, calcite, chalcedony, smectite, clays, and chlorite that replace minerals, lithic grains, or fill vugs.  Hartman (1973, p. 38-48, fig.8) reported minerals indicative of "low-grade metamorphism" (laumontite-chlorite-quartz and epidote-prehnite-chlorite-quartz assemblages), but added that rocks were not pervasively altered and that alteration likely had hydrothermal origin.  Minor crystal-rich dacite and rhyolite ash-flow tuff generally contains plagioclase and partially embayed quartz crystals as well as volcanic rock fragments, pumice, or altered glass shards in generally altered matrix, which may contain potassium feldspar.  In part, with clinopyroxene microphenocrysts that in general are at least partially altered to smectite clays.  On south side of Huckleberry Mountain, between strands of the White River Fault, unit includes variety of atypical rocks, including dacite ash-flow tuffs similar to unit Tfst and poorly consolidated tuffaceous shales that may be much younger than unit To: Tuff member of Lake Keechelus-Dacite crystal-vitric tuff and breccia consisting of plagioclase (20 to 25 percent), quartz (7 to 11 percent), and pyroxene (trace to 4 percent, altered to smectite) phenocrysts in groundmass of quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, and devitrified glass.  Light greenish, weathering to light pink or salmon.  Bedding locally defined by flattened pumice.  Breccia blocks as large as1 m.  Rocks of unit described in detail by Hammond (1963, p. 123-144)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Tv
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Volcanic rocks (Oligocene)-Mostly andesite with minor dacite and rhyolite in coarse breccia, tuff, ash flow-tuff, and rare flows.  Mostly highly recrystallized by thermal metamorphism; many rocks are hornblende-biotite hornfels.  As mapped, may include some rocks belonging to underlying Naches Formation
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tdg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Diabase, gabbro, and basalt (Oligocene? and Eocene)-In Puget Lowlands, consists of dark-gray porphyritic calcic andesite and may include minor basalt or dacite (Vine, 1969, p. 32-34).  Euhedral to subhedral phenocrysts of andesine and augite dominate; variously altered to smectite clays, calcite, and chlorite.  Occurs mostly as sills or sill-like bodies less than 10 m thick, but some as thick as 50 m, and one about 125 m
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tn
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Naches Formation (early Oligocene? to middle Eocene)-Rhyolite, andesite, and basalt flows, tuff, and breccia with interbeds of feldspathic subquartzose sandstone and siltstone as well as rare coal.  Well-bedded andesite and basalt flows and breccia are nondescript, porphyritic to aphyric, dark-green to black rocks, weathering to brown.  In part amygdaloidal, with columns, or with brecciated and vesicular tops.  Rhyolite forms mostly flow-banded flows or domes and minor ash-flow tuffs.  Interbedded sedimentary rocks are white to light-tan or gray, coarse-grained micaceous feldspathic sandstones, exhibiting crossbeds and graded bedding, and black argillite and laminated siltstone.  Both volcanic and sedimentary rocks are thermally metamorphosed adjacent to Miocene stocks and plutons.  Ort and others (1983) presented chemistry of volcanic rocks.
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Tnmc
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Naches Formation (early Oligocene? to middle Eocene): Mount Catherine Rhyolite Member (late and middle Eocene)-Commonly flow-banded, platy jointed, black, welded, crystal-lithic ash-flow tuff containing highly flattened pumice lapilli, some volcanic breccia, and minor thin feldspathic sandstone and shale interbeds.  Unusual hardness and apparent freshness probably are due to recrystallization during intrusion of Snoqualmie batholith.  Unit described by Foster (1960, p. 114), Hammond (1963, p. 50-54), and Tabor and others (1984)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tnr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Naches Formation (early Oligocene? to middle Eocene): Rhyolite (late and middle Eocene)-Mostly white to gray, flow-banded, platy-jointed flows or domes with ash-flow tuff containing flattened pumice fragments.  In beds meters to hundreds of meters thick.  Includes some probably intrusive rhyolite, especially near Rampart Ridge north of Keechelus Lake.  Mainly aphyric or with minor plagioclase or quartz phenocrysts; completely devitrified to white spherulitic masses.  Contains minor interbeds of basaltic tuffs and flows and feldspathic sandstone
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tns
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Naches Formation (early Oligocene? to middle Eocene): Feldspathic sandstone and volcanic rocks (late and middle Eocene)-Well-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained, tan to gray, predominantly micaceous feldspathic to feldspatholithic subquartzose sandstone and interbedded siltstone and shale, with conspicuous rhyolite, andesite, and basalt flows, tuff, and breccia.  Contains interbeds of coal-bearing shale and rare volcanic clast-rich pebble conglomerate and quartz-pebble grit.  Leaf fossils locally common.  Volcanic clasts constitute only about 28 percent of framework grains in sandstone (Frizzell, 1979, p. 47)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tnbg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Naches Formation (early Oligocene? to middle Eocene): Glomeroporphyritic basalt (late and middle Eocene)-Mostly basalt and glomeroporphyritic basalt with interbeds of andesite and rare feldspathic sandstone and siltstone.  Thick flows, in part with vesicular tops, some of which contain tabular plagioclase phenocrysts as large as 2 cm across, that in some flows are strongly flow aligned.  Described in some detail by Foster (1967, p. 39, 40)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Tng
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Naches Formation (early Oligocene? to middle Eocene): Guye Sedimentary Member (late and middle Eocene)-Light to dark gray feldspathic sandstone, black slaty shale, and hard chert-pebble conglomerates; rare volcanic interbeds.  Argillite is leaf bearing.  Locally hornfelsic.  Discussed by Foster (1960, p. 111-113), Hammond (1963, p. 45-48), and Tabor and others (1984)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tnb
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Naches Formation (early Oligocene? to middle Eocene): Basalt (late and middle Eocene)-Mostly basalt flows and breccia with interbedded feldspathic sandstone and siltstone.  Basalt forms nondescript, porphyritic to aphyric, dark-green to black rocks that weather brown.  Holocrystalline to intersertal microporphyritic rocks contain plagioclase, clinopyroxene, opaques, glass, and alteration minerals.  Many are so highly altered to smectite or calcite that identification of original textures and minerals is difficult
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tp
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Puget Group-Micaceous feldspathic subquartzose sandstone, siltstone, claystone, and coal.  Rocks in the Green River area (described in detail by Vine, 1969, p. 6-13) are white, very fine grained to gritty sandstone with subangular to rounded grains consisting of about 40 to 60 percent quartz, 30 to 50 percent feldspar, and about 5 percent lithic clasts (Frizzell, 1979, appendix III).  Tabular beds of sandstone are massive to cross bedded and occasionally exhibit channel cut-and-fill structures.  Light to dark siltstones form poor outcrops, are commonly thinly laminated, and contain organic matter.  Coal beds are as thick as 5 m and are described in detail by Beikman and others (1961).  In northwest corner of map area, near Tiger Mountain, unit consists of interbedded nonmarine sandstone and volcanic breccia belonging to undivided Tiger Mountain and Tukwila Formations, which were previously separated by Vine (1969).  Immediately north of Green Valley along Cedar River and along western edge of map area. north of Enumclaw, rocks (Tp?) may be nonmarine sandstones of the Puget(?) Group that are in contact with unit To; Walsh (1984) and Phillips (1984) provide more details in Tiger Mountain and Green River areas
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tpr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Puget Group: Renton Formation (late and middle Eocene)-Fine- to coarse-grained feldspathic to lithofeldspathic subquartzose sandstone with interbedded siltstone, claystone, and coal.  The fluvial to nearshore marine rocks, (Vine, 1969, p. 23-26), attain at least 670 m thickness near Taylor Mountain.  Contains 30 to 45 percent quartz, 40 to 50 percent feldspar, and 10 to 20 percent lithic grains (Frizzell, 1979, Appendix III)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tpt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Puget Group: Tukwila Formation (late and middle Eocene)-Volcanic breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, and flows with intercalated feldspathic sandstone and impure coal beds.  Tuff and breccia with clasts of porphyritic andesite and dacite and polymictic volcanic conglomerate appear to predominate, but flow rocks (in part sills or dikes?) form resistant layers (Vine, 1969, p. 19-23)  On Lookout Mountain, north of Cedar River, unit includes massive, columnar jointed flows unlike flows in most Tukwila Formation.  These rocks were previously mapped as unamed volcanic rocks by Vine (1969) and Walsh (1984; written commun., 1994)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tptm
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Puget Group: Tiger Mountain Formation (middle Eocene)-Light-colored, medium-grained, micaceous feldspathic subquartzose sandstone interbedded with siltstone, minor pebble conglomerate, and coal beds.  Vine (1969, p. 16-19) and Johnson (in press) describe the Tiger Mountain Formation
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tmp
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Volcanic rocks of Mount Persis (late? Eocene)-Mostly gray to black, locally reddish, porphyritic two-pyroxene andesite lava and breccia.  Phenocrysts and glomerocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, hypersthene, and opaque minerals in devitrified groundmass.  Mostly highly altered.  Massive to blocky joints.  Flow layering obscure
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Trr
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Green River-Cabin Creek block: Raging River Formation (middle Eocene)-Shallow marine and alluvial, volcanic-rich sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Locally highly fossiliferous; plant remains common  Minor conglomerate predominantly consists of volcanic clasts, but locally contains chert pebbles.  For detailed descriptions see Vine (1969, p. 13-16) and Johnson (1992)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Tru
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Roslyn Formation (late and middle Eocene): Upper member (late Eocene)-Medium- to fine-grained, nonmarine, white, weathering to yellow, micaceous lithofeldspathic sandstone, some with calcite cement.  Dark olive-gray to greenish-yellow siltstone, predominantly quartz and feldspar; thin-bedded to laminated.  Subordinate 0.6- to 6-m-thick seams of well-jointed, banded bituminous coal.  See "Coal Measures" of Bressler (1951, p. 31)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Trm
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Roslyn Formation (late and middle Eocene): Middle member (late and middle Eocene)-Similar to upper member (Tru) but contains only minor stringers of coal
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Trl
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Roslyn Formation (late and middle Eocene): Lower member (middle Eocene)-Mostly white, weathering to yellowish and pale orange, nonmarine, medium- to coarse-grained, micaceous, lithic, feldspathic, and lithofeldspathic sandstone.  Beds to 15 cm thick with crossbedding, pebble stringers, and cut-and-fill structures.  In part zeolitic; Pongsapich (1970, p. 54, table 6) reported laumontite in eight samples and clinoptilolite in one.  Calcite cement locally abundant.  Abundant conglomerate and pebbly sandstone with rounded pebbles of granitic and aphanitic extrusive or hypabyssal rock.  Includes Bressler's (1951, p. 35) basal beds of red to red-brown, fine-grained sandstone with minor angular clasts of quartz, metamorphic rock fragments, some feldspar, and other rock types
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Teanaway Formation (middle Eocene)-Basalt, basaltic tuff, and breccia with minor andesite, dacite, and rhyolite.  Black, generally dense to glassy nonporphyritic pyroxene and rare olivine basalt, weathering red brown to yellow.  Commonly fine-grained intersertal groundmass with plagioclase laths and clinopyroxene; interstices of brown glass or alteration products (Clayton, 1973, p. 18-19).  Blocky to columnar-jointed flows characterized by large chalcedony and calcite amygdules.  Tuff and breccia commonly altered to clays.  Silicic varieties including welded tuff are white, purple, and highly altered but contain relict phenocrysts of quartz, plagioclase, and rare K-feldspar.  Contains minor feldspathic sedimentary rock (Clayton, 1973, p. 35-36).  Teanaway dike swarm composed of dark-green and brown to black basalt and diabase dikes that weather reddish brown.  Includes pale, dull holocrystalline dikes containing plagioclase laths and granular clinopyroxene in intergranular texture.  Interstices are filled with quartz, plagioclase, zeolite, and clays (Southwick, 1966, p. 9).  Waxy, partly glassy dikes with andesine, clinopyroxene, and minor olivine; altered to chlorophaeite and devitrified glass (Southwick 1966, p. 10-11).  Percent of area underlain by dikes shown by density of symbols
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tdg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Diabase, gabbro, and basalt (Eocene)-Fine- to medium-grained black diabase and gabbro dikes and plugs that weather to brown and reddish brown.  Contains labradorite, clinopyroxene, rare olivine, and opaque ores.  Subophitic to ophitic texture; variously altered to smectite clays, calcite, and chlorite (Stout, 1961, p. 350)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tss
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Swauk Formation (middle and early Eocene): Sandstone-Predominantly fluvial, gray-weathering to tan, zeolitic, locally carbonate-cemented, medium-grained, micaceous feldspathic to lithofeldspathic subquartzose sandstone averaging 40, 48, and 12 percent quartz, feldspar, and lithic clasts, respectively, and containing 40 to 80 percent quartz, 20 to 50 percent feldspar, and 5 to 15 percent lithics in map area (Frizzell, 1979).  In part contains laumontite, clinoptilolite, and prehnite (Pongsapich, 1970).  Basal beds resting on Easton Metamorphic Suite consist of pebbly sandstone containing quartz and phyllite clasts, which rapidly grade up section into more feldspathic sandstone.  Thin to very thick bedded, poorly sorted, locally crossbedded, and with lesser interbeds of carbonaceous siltstone and shale, pebbly sandstone, and conglomerate.  Pattern indicates zone of sheared rocks
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tsc
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Swauk Formation (middle and early Eocene): Conglomerate facies (middle and early Eocene)-20 to 50 percent conglomerate and conglomeratic sandstone interbeds in feldspathic and lithofeldspathic sandstone, siltstone, and shale.  Boulders to pebbles of quartzite, chert, argillite, granite, phyllite, and serpentinite in matrix of micaceous feldspathic and lithofeldspathic sandstone.  Locally exhibits crossbedding and cut-and-fill structures
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tssp
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Swauk Formation (middle and early Eocene): Silver Pass Volcanic Member (early Eocene)-Mostly dacite and andesite flows and pyroclastic rocks, but compositions range from rhyolite to basalt (Ort and others, 1983).  Light-tan to dark-green-gray andesite and feldspar porphyry with phenocrysts, microphenocrysts, and glomerocrysts of plagioclase-hypersthene and plagoclase-clinopyroxene in groundmass of plagioclase microlites, pyroxene, opaques, and alteration minerals.  Commonly highly altered with plagioclase altered to calcite and chlorite and pyroxene altered to smectite.  Locally contains zeolite-filled amygdules.  Altered rhyolite or dacite ash-flow tuff and tuff breccia contain plagioclase and quartz crystals, volcanic clasts, and flattened shards and pumice.  Described in greater detail by Lofgren (1974, p. 25-34)
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tbf
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Manastash River Block: Basalt of Frost Mountain (middle Eocene)-Dense black microporphyritic olivine basalt; microphenocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine in intersertal groundmass of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, opaque minerals, and brown glass.  Weathers red and is locally columnar jointed.  Locally altered to siliceous white rock
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tbfb
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Manastash River Block: Basalt of Frost Mountain (middle Eocene)-Dense black microporphyritic olivine basalt; microphenocrysts of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, and olivine in intersertal groundmass of plagioclase, clinopyroxene, opaque minerals, and brown glass.  Weathers red and is locally columnar jointed.  Locally altered to siliceous white rock: Basalt breccia and tuff-Brown to red oxidized basaltic breccia and tuff with thin basalt flows.  Crudely bedded
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tta
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Manastash River Block: Taneum Formation (early Eocene)-Mostly gray to green and brown, generally highly altered porphyritic to nonporphyritic andesite, dacite, and rhyolite flows, tuff, and breccia; greenish-blue, purple, and white altered ash-flow tuff, commonly welded, with quartz and plagioclase phenocrysts and flattened pumice lapilli
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tm
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Manastash River Block: Manastash Formation (early Eocene)-Nonmarine sandstone, siltstone, and conglomerate.  Light-greenish-gray or tan, massive to well-bedded, medium- to coarse-grained feldspathic quartzose to subquartzose sandstone, thin siltstone, and interbeds of conglomerate.  Averages 55 to 60 percent quartz and 5 to 10 percent lithic clasts (Frizzell, 1979).  Fine to coarse planar and through crossbeds locally present.  Minor seams of bituminous coal; fossil leaves locally present
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: TKwa
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of the western melange belt (middle Eocene and (or) Late Cretaceous): Argillite and graywacke-Well-bedded marine sandstone and argillite and subordinate pervasively sheared argillite.  Purplish, reddish, gray and black, fine- to coarse-grained and pebbly lithofeldspathic and volcanolithic subquartzose sandstone interbedded with black argillite.  Sandstone commonly is mixed type containing clasts of mostly plagioclase, chert, volcanic rocks, and quartz, as well as sandstone, siltstone, phyllite, biotite, muscovite, and epidote.  Alteration minerals include calcite, chlorite, sericite, limonite, epidote, and prehnite.  Near Tertiary plutons, rocks are hornfelsic, commonly show conspicuous metamorphic biotite.  Sedimentary features such as graded bedding and load casts are locally well preserved.  Contains highly folded, sheared and recrystallized banded cherts.  Unit includes metagabbro, both polymictic and quartz-pebble conglomerate, and shale-chip breccia.  East of North Bend, sandstone and argillite are highly sheared, forming outcrops of lenticular sandstone clasts in crudely foliated argillite.  This deformational style is typical of western melange belt in exposures north of quadrangle (Tabor and others, 1982b, 1988, 1993; Frizzell and others, 1987).  Jett and Heller (1988) described sandstone composition
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: TKwv
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of the western melange belt (middle Eocene and (or) Late Cretaceous): Metavolcanic rocks-Greenstone, greenstone breccia, and metadiabase with boudinaged metaquartz porphyry dikes
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: TKwg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of the western melange belt (middle Eocene and (or) Late Cretaceous): Metagabbro-Massive to foliated, fine- to medium-grained metagabbro.  Many outcrops sheared at all scales.  In massive rocks, euhedral, mottled, locally crushed plagioclase, intergranular to euhedral uralitized clinopyroxene, and opaque minerals common.  Metamorphic minerals include uralite, chlorite, sphene, and calcite.  Unit includes rare hornblende metatonalite and well-recrystallized amphibolite
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: TKwu
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of the western melange belt (middle Eocene and (or) Late Cretaceous): Ultramafic rocks-Serpentinized pyroxenite.  Predominantly coarse-grained anhedral and fine-grained subhedral to euhedral clinopyroxene in sea of serpentine minerals with mesh structure
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: TKev
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of the eastern melange belt (middle Eocene and (or) Late Cretaceous): Chert, mafic metavolcanic rock, amphibolite, and marble-Highly deformed chert and medium- to fine-grained banded purplish biotite quartzite (metachert) intimately mixed with tectonized greenstone, greenstone breccia, and marble.  Includes  hornblende schist and muscovite, biotite quartz schist and dikes of metadiorite and metagabbro.  Original sedimentary and volcanic textures largely obscured by penetrative deformation and static thermal metamorphism.  Adjacent to Snoqualmie batholith, rocks are greenish pyroxene hornfels.  In part described by Chitwood (1976, p. 10-14)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: TKem
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Rocks of the eastern melange belt (middle Eocene and (or) Late Cretaceous): Marble-Lenticular beds and pods of banded, white to grayish, medium- to fine-grained crystalline marble that is locally intercalated with metachert, metagabbro, and greenstone.  Includes minor fine-grained pale-green silica carbonate replacement masses (Danner, 1966; Mogk, 1978)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:pTqm
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Quartz Mountain stock (pre-Tertiary)-Medium-grained hornblende metatonalite and metagranodiorite, locally with biotite and garnet.  Hypidiomorphic granular, but with local bent plagioclase and statically recrystallized plagioclase, crystalloblastic growth of sodic plagioclase rims on K-felsdpar and plagioclase, replacement of feldspar cores by clinozoisite, and recrystallization of biotite.  Stock and many its many apotheses intruded Lookout Mountain Formation  of Stout (1964) with sharp contact
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:pTlm
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Lookout Mountain Formation of Stout (1964) (pre-Tertiary): Mica schist-Black, very fine grained graphitic garnet biotite schist, locally with staurolite, andalusite, and rare cordierite.  Relict bedding, graded bedding, and relict clastic grains are common.  Includes mafic hornblende metatonalite and gabbro, not mapped separately
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: pTla
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Lookout Mountain Formation of Stout (1964) (pre-Tertiary): Amphibolite and hornblende tonalite gneiss-Mostly very fine grained schistose epidote amphibolite with green to blue-green hornblende, locally with biotite.  Plagioclase is commonly replaced by microcrystalline pumpellyite(?).  Includes some mica schist (see Stout, 1964, p. 319).  Also includes small masses of metadiorite and metagabbro.  With increasing heterogeneity and increased shearing grades into unit TKtc.  Goetsch (1978, p. 16-17) describes small bodies of cataclastic hornblende tonalite gneiss
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:pTlg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Lookout Mountain Formation of Stout (1964) (pre-Tertiary): Gabbro and metagabbro-Cataclastically foliated to medium-grained massive gabbro and metagabbro, metatonalite, and metaquartz-diorite.  A small mass on south side of Lookout Mountain is mostly hornblendite with relict pyroxene (Goetsch, 1978, p. 28-29)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Tkt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Tectonic complex of Stout (1964) (Tertiary and (or) Cretaceous)-Cataclastic to blastomylonitic blocks and slivers of predominantly fine-grained schistose amphibolite, as well as phyllite, greenstone and pillowed greenstone, blueschist, tonalite gneiss, leucogreenschist (metatuff), metasandstone, and ultramafic rocks.  Stout (1964, p. 323), in addition, reports tectonic breccia, biotite gneiss, slate, and argillite in unit
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:TKtu
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Tectonic complex of Stout (1964) (Tertiary and (or) Cretaceous)-Cataclastic to blastomylonitic blocks and slivers of predominantly fine-grained schistose amphibolite, as well as phyllite, greenstone and pillowed greenstone, blueschist, tonalite gneiss, leucogreenschist (metatuff), metasandstone, and ultramafic rocks.  Stout (1964, p. 323), in addition, reports tectonic breccia, biotite gneiss, slate, and argillite in unit: Ultramafic rocks-Mostly serpentinite and serpentinized peridotite.  Strongly foliated.  Depicted by X where too small to show at map scale
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Kt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Tonalite (Late Cretaceous)-Medium-grained hornblende-biotite tonalite exhibiting hypidiomorphic texture exposed in small stock near Fortune Creek
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Knp
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Metavolcanic rocks of North Peak (Late Cretaceous)-Greenstone, green to red metamafic to silicic tuff, breccia, metacalcareous tuff, and impure marble.  Ashleman (1979, p. 21) reports meta-andesite and rhyodacite.  Although volcanic and clastic textures are well preserved, rocks are slightly schistose and contain metamorphic minerals including chlorite, quartz, albite (?), carbonate, pumpellyite, and lawsonite
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Kes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Easton Metamorphic Suite (Early Cretaceous): Shuksan Greenschist-Very fine grained albite-epidote-chlorite schist with varying amounts of quartz, actinolite, crossite and (or) late glaucophane, pumpellyite, and muscovite.  Schist also contains minor sphene, opaques, and calcite.  Ashleman (1979, p. 12) reported lawsonite in actinolite schist and described intercalations of ironstone and ferruginous quartzite in greenschist.  Locally with layers of phyllite.  Most rocks are highly foliated and thoroughly recrystallized with fair mineral segregation, but many rocks south of Little Kachess Lake are texturally undifferentiated and retain relict textures suggesting derivation from porphyritic volcanic rocks, tuffs, and rare mafic intrusive rocks.  North of Hicks Butte, greenschist retains pillow structures, and in Kachess Lake area, Ashleman (1979, p. 13) also reported possible pillow structures
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Ked
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Easton Metamorphic Suite (Early Cretaceous): Darrington Phyllite-Mostly black to grey graphitic chlorite-sericite-quartz phyllite with minor albite (?), and opaque minerals.  Ashleman (1979, p. 7) reported minor spessartine and stilpnomelane.  Phyllite is commonly highly crinkled and contains quartz segregation lenses and veins that are commonly ptygmatically folded.  Phyllite predominates and is locally interbedded with greenschist and blueschist
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Ktz
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Tectonic zone (Early Cretaceous)-Mostly fine-grained epidote hornblende schist and hornblende pumpellyite(?) schist.  Zoisite clearly replaces plagioclase.  Rocks are blastomylonitic and porphyroblastic with lenses of coarser mylonitic hornblende gneiss derived from tonalite gneiss (unit Khb).  Some epidote quartz schist and actinolitic greenschist.  Grades into greenschist of (Kes).  For more complete description see Treat (1987, p. 40-53)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Khg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Tonalite gneiss of Hicks Butte (Early Cretaceous)-Lineated, medium-grained hornblende tonalite and tonalite gneiss, locally porphyroclastic and mylonitic.  In least-deformed rock, green hornblende and labradorite are subhedral with integranular quartz, opaque minerals, and minor biotite.  Patchy alteration of plagioclase and hornblende to epidote and late microcrystalline pumpellyite
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value:Kbg
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Banded gneiss (Early Cretaceous)-Very fine grained pyroxene granofelsic gneiss.  Locally with replacement veins of poikiloblastic clinozoisite and plagioclase replaced by pumpellyite(?)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: KJis
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Ingalls Tectonic Complex (Early Cretaceous or Late Jurassic): Foliated and massive serpentinite and serpentinized metaperidotite-Southern exposures (with pattern) mostly gray and gray-green to dark-green, commonly foliated and slickensided rubbly serpentinite - part of Cowan and Miller's (1981; see also Miller, 1985) Navaho Divide Fault Zone.  Less serpentinized rock there is harzburgite and dunite.  Northern exposures (shown without pattern) partly serpentinized lherzolite and harzburgite, originally described by Frost (1973, p. 8-12) north of Snoqualmie Pass quadrangle where it was named South Peak unit by Miller (1980b, p. 52-69).  Includes some mylonitic hornblende peridotite.  Detailed descriptions in Miller and Mogk (1987)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: KJim
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Ingalls Tectonic Complex (Early Cretaceous or Late Jurassic): Metabasalt, tuff, and breccia-Mostly coarse monolithologic pillow breccia; green with red to purple oxidized zones (Miller, 1980b, p. 148-149).  Clasts are porphyritic and amygdaloidal; originally plagioclase and augite phyric, intergranular to diabasic.  Altered to chlorite, sphene, epidote, opaque minerals and fine-grained unidentified material.  Includes minor siliceous argillite and chert
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: KJid
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Ingalls Tectonic Complex (Early Cretaceous or Late Jurassic): Diabase and gabbro-Mostly heterogeneous uralitized pyroxene diabase and gabbro in complex of dikes and irregular intrusive bodies (Miller, 1980b, p. 99-107)
        Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: KJia
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Ingalls Tectonic Complex (Early Cretaceous or Late Jurassic): Amphibolite-Medium-grained, locally diopside-bearing, layered, polymetamorphic amphibolite, locally with impure metachert and hornblende-biotite schist (Miller, 1980b, p. 221-222)
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: water
         Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: glacier
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: BEDROCK: Teanaway River Block: Swauk Formation (middle and early Eocene): Ironstone (early Eocene)-Iron-rich sandstone, shale, and conglomerate, locally well bedded.  Conglomerate locally composed of peridotite and serpentinized peridotite clasts in an iron-rich matrix consisting of limonite, hematite, magnetite, and serpentenite.  Most deposits are rich in nickel (Lamey, 1950)
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      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
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      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
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      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the beginning of an arc (from-node).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the end of an arc (to-node).
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the left polygon.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
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      Attribute_Definition: Internal node number for the right polygon.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
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      Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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      Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
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     Attribute_Definition: symbol for line
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:  non-printing boundary of polygon
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      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
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      Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPTDIKES#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
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      Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PTYPE
    Attribute_Definition: areal percentage of Teanaway dikes
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:  no dikes or less than 1%
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 2-10% Teanaway dikes
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: ds2
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 10-20% Teanaway dikes
        Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 20-50% Teanaway dikes
        Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: 50-80% Teanaway dikes
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      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
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      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
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      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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      Attribute_Label: SNPSTRUCT#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPSTRUCT-ID
      Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
     Attribute_Label: PTTYPE
    Attribute_Definition: strike and dip of planar structures and bearing and plunge of linear structures
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value: _l_lineation_i_ 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: inclined lineation
         Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: strike and dip of bedding; top direction known
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: bedding 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: strike and dip of bedding; top direction unknown
         Enumerated_Domain:
           Enumerated_Domain_Value: flat bedding 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: horizontal bedding
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: foliation 
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: strike and dip of aligned planar minerals in metamorphic rocks
         Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: position of ball symbol showing downthrown side of high-angle fault
         Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: strike and dip of overturned bedding; top direction known
         Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: strike of vertical foliation and parallel bedding: top direction unknown
         Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: strike and dip of overturned bedding; top dicrection known
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Vertical bedding
         Enumerated_Domain:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: vertical bedding; top direction known
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Attribute_Label: DIP
Attribute_Definition: Dip of planar structure (angle of plane to horizontal) or plunge of lineation (angle of lineation to horizontal)
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: STRIKE
Attribute_Definition: Strike of planar structure (azimuth of horizontal line on plane) or azimuth of linear structure
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        Coordinate_Representation:
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          Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000128
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    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: FID
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: Shape
      Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: AREA
      Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Area is always zero for point coverages.  Values are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PERIMETER
      Attribute_Definition: Perimeter of feature in internal units.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Perimeter is always zero for point coverages.  Values are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPROCKSAMP#
      Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
        Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SNPROCKSAMP-ID
      Attribute_Definition: User-defined feature number.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: PTTYPE
      Attribute_Definition: archival category
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: archival
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: most representative sample or unusual specimen in easily retrieved archive, North Cascades National Park, Marblemount, WA
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value: store
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: sample in boxed storage, North Cascades National Park, Marblemount, WA
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: combine
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: samples from same collection site both in archive and store catagories
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value: jd
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: sample sent to Joe Dragovich, Washington Division of Mines and Geology, Olympia, Washington
        Attribute_Label: SAMPNO
    Attribute_Definition: Field number of sample
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: SEL
    Attribute_Definition: number indicating category (archival or store, etc.) and existence of thin section for sample
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 1
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: archival sample, no thin section
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 2
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: archival sample with thin section
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
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          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: stored sample without thin section
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 4
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: stored sample with thin section
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: 6
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: multiple samples at collection site. Some may have thin sections (see description field below)
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: DESCRIPTION
    Attribute_Definition: additional information about sample, includes, comments on lithology, age, references, etc.  For SEL = 6 ("combine") samples, identifies those with thin sections
    Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: UNIT
    Attribute_Definition: Source unit of sample
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Chilliwack Group: North Peak Unit
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Metavolcanic rocks of North Peak; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Eastern melange belt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition Rocks of the eastern melange belt: Chert, mafic metavolcanic rock, amphibolite, and marble; number of samples of this unit = 7; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Fifes Peak Formation
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Fifes Peak Formation: Basaltic andesite and basalt flows, flow breccia, and interbedded andesite breccia and tuff, mudflow breccia, volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, and crystal-lithic tuff, Sun Top unit, Chenuis Ridge unit Volcaniclastic rocks, Crystal-lithic tuff, ; number of samples of this unit = 17; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Fifes Pk.Fm.:rhy. of Clear West Pk.
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Fifes Peak Formation: Rhyolite unit of Clear West Peak: Intracaldera rhyolite, and Extracaldera rhyolite tuff, ; number of samples of this unit = 7; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: HH melange:Tectonic Cmplx of Stout(1964)
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tectonic complex of Stout (1964); number of samples of this unit = 10; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Lookout Mtn Fm of Stout
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Lookout Mountain Formation of Stout (1964): Mica schist and Amphibolite and hornblende tonalite gneiss; number of samples of this unit = 19; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Intrusive Rocks
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Intrusive rocks: Pyroxene andesite porphyry, Tonalite and Dacite porphyry; number of samples of this unit = 12; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Mount Stuart batholith
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tonalite; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Diabase, gabbro, and basalt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Diabase, gabbro, and basalt; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Naches Formation
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Naches Formation: Mount Catherine Rhyolite Member, Rhyolite, Feldspathic sandstone and volcanic rocks, Glomeroporphyritic basalt, Guye Sedimentary Member, and Basalt; number of samples of this unit = 37; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ohanapecosh Formation
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Ohanapecosh Formation; number of samples of this unit = 35; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Quartz Mountain stock
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Quartz Mountain stock; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Shuksan Greenschist
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Easton Metamorphic Suite: Shuksan Greenschist; number of samples of this unit = 4; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Snoqualmie batholith
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Rocks of the Snoqualmie batholith: Tonalite and granodiorite, southern phase, Fine-grained monzonite, and Granodiorite and granite; number of samples of this unit = 7; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Snoqualmie batholith: Three Queens stock
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Rocks of the Snoqualmie batholith: Tonalite and granodiorite, northern phase; number of samples of this unit = 2; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Swauk Formation
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swauk Formation; number of samples of this unit = 5; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Swauk: Manastash Fm.
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Manastash Formation; number of samples of this unit = 4; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Swauk: Silver Pass (Taneum)
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Taneum Formation; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Swauk: Silver Pass Vol.Member
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Swauk Formation: Silver Pass Volcanic Member; number of samples of this unit = 8; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/imap/i2538
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Teanaway Formation
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Teanaway Formation; number of samples of this unit = 5; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tonalite Gneiss of Hicks Butte
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Tonalite Gneiss of Hicks Butte; number of samples of this unit = 14; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Volcanic rocks
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Volcanic rocks; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Volcanic Rocks of Eagle Gorge
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Volcanic rocks of Eagle Gorge; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Volcanic rocks of Mt. Daniel
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Volcanic rocks of Mount Daniel: Andesite, dacite, and rhyolite volcanic rocks, Granophyre and rhyolite porphyry, and Rhyodacite tuff; number of samples of this unit = 8; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Western melange belt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Rocks of the western melange belt: Argillite and graywacke; number of samples of this unit = 1; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: WMB: metagabbro
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Rocks of the western melange belt: Metagabbro; number of samples of this unit = 5; for description see downloadable pdf of Description of Map Units: http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2538/
     Attribute:
      Attribute_Label: COUNTY2
        Attribute_Definition: County in Washington State where sample collected
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Author
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: King
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: King County
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Kitt
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Kittitas County
      Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Pier
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Pierce County
Attribute_Domain_Values:
         Enumerated_Domain:
          Enumerated_Domain_Value: Yaki
          Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Yakima County
Distribution_Information:
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Digital_Form:
      Digital_Transfer_Information:
        Transfer_ Size:2 MB
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 4/14/06
Distribution_Information:
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Person_Primary:
          Contact_Person: Database Coordinator
          Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address: 345 Middlefield Rd., M/S 973
          City: Menlo Park
          State_or_Province: CA
          Postal_Code: 94025
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4935
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650-329-4936
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwheeler@usgs.gov
        Contact_Instructions:
    Resource_Description: USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-2538 and USGS Data Series consists of both traditional geologic map products and ARC/INFO format geospatial databases.  Furthermore, the traditional geologic map products (map sheets and pamphlets) can be obtained either as paper or as PDF files.
    Distribution_Liability: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.  Although this publication has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review.  Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: Snowqualmie Pass geologic map as a PDF file
          Format_Specification:Adobe Acrobat Document
          Format_Information_Content: PDF of geologic map, correlation chart and description of map units
Transfer_Size: 8.9 MB
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address: 
                Network_Resource_Name: http://pubs.usgs.gov/i-map/i2538/
       Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name:accompanying pamphlet  as a PDF file
Format_Specification:Adobe Acrobat Document
          Format_Information_Content: Introduction, Acknowledgements, Summary of Geologic History, expanded description of rock units, figures including location, generalized geologic map, sources of data, and reference list
          Transfer_Size: 632 KB
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address:                 
                Network_Resource_Name http://pubs.usgs.gov/i-map/i2538/
      Digital_Form:
        Digital_Transfer_Information:
          Format_Name: snpcovers4.tar.gz
          Format_Version_Number: 1
          Format_Version_Date: 2006
          Format_Specification: ARC/INFO v. 7.1.1
          Format_Information_Content: 7 ARC/INFO export (.e00) files.
          File_Decompression_Technique: TAR and gzip (see the readme  for more information about TAR and gzip).
          Transfer_Size: 5 MB
        Digital_Transfer_Option:
          Online_Option:
            Computer_Contact_Information:
              Network_Address: 
                Network_Resource_Name: http:// p://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/186/
Fees: No fees for digital forms of the report.
      Ordering_Instructions: Digital files (both PDFs and database files) can be obtained on-line as described above at the publication web-site, or by sending a request to the Database Coordinator at the address shown above.
    Distributor:
      Contact_Information:
        Contact_Organization_Primary:
          Contact_Organization: USGS Information Services
        Contact_Address:
          Address_Type: mailing address
          Address: Box 25286, Denver Federal Center
          City: Denver
          State_or_Province: CO
          Postal_Code: 80225-0046
          Country: USA
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4200
        Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS
        Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202-4695
        Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov
        Hours_of_Service:
        Contact_Instructions:
    Resource_Description: USGS Miscellaneous Investigations I-2538 
and USGS Data Series consist of both traditional geologic map 
products and ARC/INFO format geospatial databases.  Furthermore, 
the traditional geologic map products (map sheets and pamphlets) 
can be obtained either as paper or as digital files.
    Distribution_Liability: Any use of trade, product, or firm 
names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply 
endorsement by the U.S. Government.  Although this publication has 
been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, 
the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further 
analysis and review.  Furthermore, it is released on condition 
that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held 
liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or 
unauthorized use.
    Standard_Order_Process:
      Non-digital_Form: Paper copies of the map sheets and 
pamphlet can be obtained by contacting USGS Information Services 
via the contact information listed above.
Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 4/14/06
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: United States Geological Survey
        Contact_Person: Karen L. Wheeler
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: 345 Middlefield Rd. MS 973
        City: Menlo Park
        State_or_Province: California
        Postal_Code: 94025
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 650-329-4935
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 650-329-4936
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwheeler@usgs.gov]
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital 
Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: local time
  Metadata_Extensions:
    Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html
    Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile