Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Brent R. Moulton
Author-X-Name-First: Brent
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulton
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Measurement of Banking Services in the U.S. National Income and Product Accounts: Recent Changes and Outstanding Issues
Abstract: In preparing for the 1999 comprehensive revision of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs), BEA conducted research focused on two possible changes to the treatment of banking imputation: changing the method for separating "real" (i.e., quantity) changes from price changes for this service, and changing the method for allocating the consumption of the imputed service to the various users of the service. Only the first of these research projects was successful, in the sense that an improved methodology for real banking services was adopted and implemented. This paper summarizes the two research projects, the new methodology, and the outstanding issues.
Creation-Date:  2000-05
File-URL: http://bea.gov/bea/papers/bank.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0001

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Robert P. Parker
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Parker
Author-Name:  Bruce T. Grimm
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce
Author-X-Name-Last: Grimm
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Recognition of Business and Government Expenditures for Software as Investment:  Methodology and Quantitative Impacts, 1959-98
Abstract: The comprehensive benchmark revision of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs), released in October of last year, newly recognized business and government expenditures for computer software as investment. This paper describes the methodology for annual and quarterly estimates of software investment, consumption of fixed capital, and business incomes. This description is an expansion of the technical notes describing the methodology that appeared in the August and December issues of the Survey of Current Business. The paper also describes the effects on the NIPAs and their tabular presentation, of recognizing software.
Creation-Date:  2000-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/software.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0002

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: J. Steven Landefeld
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Landefeld
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Principles and Practices for Making Statistics Relevant for Economic Decision Making
Abstract: One of the most important goals of agencies producing economic statistics is that those statistics be relevant and regularly used by public and private decision makers. Achieving this goal requires several elements including accuracy, timeliness, and sound concepts and methods. However, perhaps most important, in a world of constrained resources, it requires focusing on those statistics that are most important to decision makers in the public and private sector. And this may be the most difficult challenge. Statisticians are by nature perfectionists and most are data producers rather than data users. The result is a tendency to focus on a level of accuracy, conceptual consistency, or statistical integration that is too high relative the quality of the underlying source data or the needs of the users. A jewel-like set of integrated accounts that comes out so late as to be irrelevant to decision makers, or that is not benchmarked to comprehensive information, is of limited value. This short paper will discuss these and other issues important to developing and maintaining a set of economic statistics that are relevant to economic decision making. The focus will be on the U.S. experience and lessons that can be learned -- positive and negative -- from that experience.
Creation-Date:  2000-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/gosk.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0003

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Obie G. Whichard
Author-X-Name-First: Obie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Whichard
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: United States Statistics on Trade in Services
Abstract: This paper describes the U.S. data collection system for trade in services, discusses improvements that have been made in it over roughly the last 15 years, and identifies some of the improvement tasks that remain. The discussion covers both data on trade in the conventional sense of exchanges between residents and nonresidents and data on services delivered through locally established affiliates. 
Creation-Date:  2000-08
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/apec.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0004

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Ann M. Lawson
Author-X-Name-First: Ann
Author-X-Name-Last: Lawson
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Current and Future Directions for the U.S. Industry Accounts 
Abstract: This paper provides an overview of the Industry Accounts for the United States, which are prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis in the U.S. Department of Commerce. It includes a brief history of the programs with emphasis on the past 10 years, as well as a discussion of plans for future work. The Industry Accounts include the benchmark input-output (I-O) accounts, which are based on detailed data from the economic censuses that are conducted every 5 years by the Bureau of the Census; the annual I-O accounts, which provide users with updated information since the most recent benchmark tables; and the gross product by industry accounts, which provide industry time series data on the contributions of industries to gross domestic product (GDP). In addition, the Industry Accounts include two satellite initiatives, one for travel and tourism and another for transportationboth of which were developed as extensions of the core accounts. 
Creation-Date:  2000-08
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/usindacc.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0005

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Carol E. Moylan
Author-X-Name-First: Carol
Author-X-Name-Last: Moylan
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Treatment of Employee Stock Options in the U.S. National Economic Accounts
Abstract: U.S. companies increasingly use the granting of employee stock options as part of an overall compensation package. What was originally an executive perk is now often provided to all employees. This growth has added significance to several questions on the treatment and valuation of these stock options. What are employee stock options? How are wages and salaries and profits measured? How are these options currently treated in national economic accounts of the United States? What are the major conceptual measurement and timing issues? What are the major practical measurement and timing issues? Could a mismeasurement of these options be a source of the swing in the U.S. statistical discrepancy for the most recent years? This paper will focus on answering these questions. 
Creation-Date:  2000-09
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/empstop.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0006

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Robert E. Yuskavage
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuskavage
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Priorities for Industry Accounts at BEA
Abstract: The U.S. economy is undergoing significant structural change that economists and policymakers would like to study from an industry perspective. BEAs industry accounts--the input-output (I-O) accounts, the gross product originating (GPO) accounts, and the gross state product (GSP) estimates--provide much of the relevant data, but further enhancements are possible. BEA has ideas for improving these accounts, but resource constraints require that priorities be established and choices made. The impending conversion of BEAs industry estimates to the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) offers both opportunities and challenges. This paper discusses the key issues, presents options for improving the industry accounts, and makes recommendations for future action. 
Creation-Date:  2000-11
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/priority.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0007

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: International Accounts Data Needs: Plans, Progress, and Priorities 
Abstract: BEAs International Accounts Directorate is responsible for preparing the nations estimates of the international transactions accounts, international investment position, and operations of U.S. parent companies and U.S. and foreign affiliates, and for preparing analyses of major developments and problems in these areas. While BEA has made numerous improvements to the international accounts in recent years, several needs remain unmet. This paper identifies major unmet needs, and establishes priorities for the future. BEA believes that it is important to make significant progress on each of its priorities, but it cannot make significant progress on all priorities simultaneously. BEA would appreciate feedback on the list of priorities.
Creation-Date:  2000-11
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/prior-ia.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0008

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: J. Steven Landefeld
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Landefeld
Author-Name: Barbara M. Fraumeni 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraumeni 
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Measuring the New Economy
Abstract: This paper provides background information on the new economy and how it relates to BEAs economic accounts. It is designed to answer the following questions: What is the new economy? Why is it important that the new economy be captured in GDP and BEAs other economic accounts estimates? What do we know now about the size and impact of the new economy? Where does the new economy show up in the accounts? How well is the new economy recorded in the accounts? What should be BEAs highest priority in improving the capacity of the accounts to measure the new economy? 
Creation-Date:  2001-03
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/articles/beawide/2001/0301mne.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0009

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: J. Steven Landefeld
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Landefeld
Author-Name:  Bruce T. Grimm 
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grimm 
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Revisions to GDP
Creation-Date:  2001-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/revgdp.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0010

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: G. Christian Ehemann 
Author-X-Name-First: Christian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Ehemann 
Author-Name:  Brent R. Moulton
Author-X-Name-First: Brent 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulton
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Balancing the GDP Account
Creation-Date:  2001-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Balance.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0011

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Bruce T. Grimm
Author-X-Name-First: Bruce 
Author-X-Name-Last: Grimm
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Selected Price Estimation Work at Other Government Organizations
Creation-Date:  2001-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/advistalk.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0012

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Barbara M. Fraumeni 
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraumeni 
Author-Name:  Sumiye Okubo 
Author-X-Name-First: Sumiye 
Author-X-Name-Last: Okubo 
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Alternative Treatments of Consumer Durables in the National Accounts 
Creation-Date:  2001-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/cdinnipa.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0013

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Brent R. Moulton
Author-X-Name-First: Brent
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulton
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: The Expanding Role of Hedonic Methods in the Official Statistics of the United States 
Abstract: The method of using regressions of prices on characteristics to adjust for quality changes has grown dramatically in the United States statistical agencies in recent years. For example, currently 18 percent of the final expenditures in gross domestic product is deflated using price indexes that use hedonic methods. These indexes are produced by at least four statistical agencies (the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Bureau of the Census, the Federal Reserve Board, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis). This paper details the adoption of hedonic methods by each of these agencies and discusses some misconceptions about the role of hedonic methods in estimation of price indexes.
Creation-Date:  2001-11
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/about/expand3.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0014

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Exploring the Borderline Between Direct Investment and Other Types of Investment: The U.S. Treatment 
Abstract: This paper discusses the classification in the U.S. international economic accounts of borderline cases between direct investment and other types of investment. In the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5), one of the key steps forward was in the provision of uniform guidelines for identifying direct investment and distinguishing it from other types of investment. BPM4 had defined direct investment only in terms of general conceptual criteria, whose implementation was likely to vary from country to country, resulting in bilateral asymmetries in the classification of investments. Thanks to the more specific guidance in BPM5, gross inconsistencies are now less of a problem. However, borderline cases, not specifically treated in BPM5 (or in its companion volumes or the OECD Benchmark Definition) still exist. These may have become more numerous and more significant over time, as multinational firms have grown in size and in organizational complexity. 
Creation-Date:  2002-10
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Kozlow-Exp.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0015

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Valuing the Direct Investment Position in U.S. Economic Accounts
Abstract: This paper discusses the methodologies employed in the U.S. international economic accounts, in valuing direct investment in prices of the current period. Under international standards, all of the components of the international investment position should reflect current period prices, rather than historical cost or book values. Virtually all of the categories in the international investment position accounts except direct investment positions can be directly estimated in prices of the current period with reference to readily observable market prices. For example, the value of positions in portfolio investment securities, gold, loans, currencies, and bank deposits can be directly estimated based on face values or market prices of recent transactions. In contrast, direct investment positions typically involve illiquid ownership interests in companies that may possess many unique attributes - such as customer base, management, and ownership of intangible assets - whose value in the current period are difficult to determine, because there is no widely accepted standard for revaluing company financial statements at historical cost into prices of the current period.
Creation-Date:  2002-10
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Kozlow-Val.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0016

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Selected Issues on the Treatment of Nonperforming Loans in Macroeconomic Statistics 
Abstract: This paper was prepared for the IMFs Electronic Discussion Group on the Treatment of Nonperforming Loans in Macroeconomic Statistics. Due to the linkages between loan recognition and interest accrual, and between loan writeoffs and operating surplus, decisions that are reached regarding the treatment of these loans may have a significant impact on the calculation of major aggregates in the national and international economic accounts. In this paper, recommendations are made on a number of important questions, and these recommendations are briefly justified. In particular, the treatment of loan principal (that is, how should nonperforming loans  or loans more generally -- be valued?), loan interest (that is, should interest be accrued on nonperforming loans?), and operating surplus (how should output and profits be measured?) are separately discussed.
Creation-Date:  2003-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Selected.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0017

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: J. Steven Landefeld
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Landefeld
Author-Name:  Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Globalization and Multinational Companies: What Are the Questions, and How Well Are We Doing in Answering Them?
Abstract: This paper looks at the U.S. experience and uses it as a benchmark for identifying the key questions that are being asked about the role and influence of MNC's and the types of statistics that are required to answer those questions. The paper goes on to assess whether the U.S. statistics that are now available are adequate to help us answer those questions. Finally, it identifies steps that might be considered to address data weaknesses and to help policy makers and other data users -- both in the United States and abroad -- better answer the important questions that they now are asking about the impact of foreign direct investment. 
Creation-Date:  2003-06
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Globalization.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0018

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Brent R. Moulton
Author-X-Name-First: Brent
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulton
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Working with Chain-type Aggregates: A Few Tricks
Creation-Date:  2003-06
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Moulton0603.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0019

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Obie G. Whichard
Author-X-Name-First: Obie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Whichard
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Measuring Globalization: The Experience of the United States of America 
Abstract: This paper outlines BEA's program of data collection on the operations of U.S. parent companies, their foreign affiliates, and U.S. affiliates of foreign companies.  It also describes a number of related activities that organize the data in ways useful for analysis, derive additional, analytically useful measures from the collected data, conduct and facilitate research using the data, and explain and disseminate the data to users.  The sponsoring organization is an advisory committee to Eurostat.
Creation-Date:  2003-06
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/ow_paper.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0020

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Patricia C. Walker
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia 
Author-X-Name-Last: Walker
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Survey Data Collection Over the Internet at the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis 
Abstract: This paper summarizes the progress the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) has made in converting its paper-based survey data collection system to an electronic reporting system that collects data via the Internet. The paper describes the pilot program that resulted in BEA's Automated Survey Transmission and Retrieval (ASTAR) System. It provides information on the various features of ASTAR including the system's respondent interface and data transmission and security. Finally, using the quarterly BE-577, Direct Transactions of U.S. Reporter with Foreign Affiliate, survey it presents the ASTAR system.
Creation-Date:  2003-10
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/UNECE.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0021

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: William J. Zeile
Author-X-Name-First: William 
Author-X-Name-Last: Zeile
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Trade in Goods Within Multinational Companies: Survey-Based Data and Findings for the United States of America 
Abstract: This paper discusses the data on U.S. intrafirm trade in goods collected in BEA's surveys of the operations of U.S. multinational firms and foreign-owned U.S. affiliates. It also examines patterns that emerge from the data, with a particular focus on the intrafirm-trade shares of U.S. exports and imports by major trading partner. The paper concludes with a brief overview of selected research on intrafirm trade based on BEA's data.
Creation-Date:  2003-11
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/IFT_OECD_Zeile.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0022

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Charles Ian Mead
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mead
Author-Name:  Brent R. Moulton
Author-X-Name-First: Brent 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulton
Author-Name:  Kenneth Petrick
Author-X-Name-First: Kenneth 
Author-X-Name-Last: Petrick
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: NIPA Corporate Profits and Reported Earnings: A Comparison and Measurement Issues
Abstract: The users of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) often compare the growth rates of NIPA profit measures with those of other publicly available measures of reported earnings, such as Standard & Poor's 500 earnings. Differences between the NIPA profit measures and the other reported earnings measures reflect differences in purpose, definitions, and methodologies. Reported earnings are used by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, however, in preparing the quarterly estimates of profits, based on the extrapolation of the tax-accounting measures published by the Internal Revenue Service. In recent years there have been large revisions to NIPA corporate profits when tax-return-based measures have become available. Differences between financial accounting and tax accounting in the treatment of employee stock options have contributed to the revisions. This paper explores these differences and examines possible improvements to the methods used for extrapolating NIPA corporate profits estimates that would incorporate more current information on employee stock options. 
Creation-Date:  2004-01
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/corp_pr1.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0023

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: An Overview of U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Statistics on Multinational Companies 
Abstract: Statistics on multinational companies may be grouped into two broad categories: (1) those that pertain to cross-border transactions and positions between direct investors and direct investment enterprises (balance of payments and direct investment position data), and (2) those that pertain to MNC operations more broadly, including statistics on their domestic as well as international activities (financial and operating data). In the United States, BEA is the U.S. Government agency responsible for compiling and publishing both types of data. This note provides a brief history of BEAs data on MNCs, and describes some of the advantages associated with a single U.S. Government agency being responsible for compiling both types of data on MNCs. Major U.S. Government providers of data on international trade or finance are identified in an appendix.
Creation-Date:  2004-03
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Mar04OverviewPaper3.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0024

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Albert M. Teplin
Author-X-Name-First: Albert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Teplin
Author-Name:  Charles Ian Mead
Author-X-Name-First: Charles 
Author-X-Name-Last: Mead
Author-Name:  Brent R. Moulton
Author-X-Name-First: Brent 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulton
Author-Name:  Rochelle Antoniewicz
Author-X-Name-First: Rochelle 
Author-X-Name-Last: Antoniewicz
Author-Name:  Susan Hume McIntosh 
Author-X-Name-First: Susan 
Author-X-Name-Last: McIntosh 
Author-Name:  Michael G. Palumbo
Author-X-Name-First: Michael 
Author-X-Name-Last: Palumbo
Author-Name:  Genevieve Solomon
Author-X-Name-First: Genevieve 
Author-X-Name-Last: Solomon
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Integrated Macroeconomic Accounts for the United States: Draft SNA-USA 
Abstract: This paper presents integrated macroeconomic accounts for the United States for the period 1985 to 2002 and discusses issues related to their construction and use. Specifically, it focuses on tying together the national income and product accounts (NIPAs) and international transaction accounts (ITA) published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the flow of funds accounts (FFA) published by the Federal Reserve Board. The paper provides integrated accounts for seven sectors: households and nonprofit organizations serving households, nonfinancial non-corporate businesses, nonfinancial corporate businesses, financial businesses, federal government, state and local governments, and the rest of the world. Each sector table has a full complement of accounts: current accounts (production and income accounts), accumulation accounts (capital account, financial account, and other changes in volume account), revaluation account, and balance sheet account. As a result, the sector statements trace the factors leading to changes in sector net worth. Relative to current publications of the two agencies, the tables go quite a bit further toward providing for the United States the sequence of accounts suggested in the System of National Accounts 1993 (SNA93), the recognized international standard. The tables use official data as of June 10, 2004; however, a few series have been created by the authors, and they are unofficial preliminary estimates at this time. 
Creation-Date:  2005-07
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Integratedmac.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0025

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Brooks B. Robinson
Author-X-Name-First: Brooks 
Author-X-Name-Last: Robinson
Author-Name: Shelly Smith
Author-X-Name-First: Shelly 
Author-X-Name-Last: Smith
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: The National Income and Product Accounts 
Creation-Date:  2004-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/NABEspeakernotes.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0026

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Rosemary Marcuss
Author-X-Name-First: Rosemary
Author-X-Name-Last: Marcuss
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Corporate Profits in the GDP Accounts
Creation-Date:  2004-05
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/nabeprofits_fv.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0027

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Recent U.S. Progress in Collecting Data on Derivatives 
Abstract: This note briefly summarizes work conducted in the United States over the past several years to design a report form that collects comprehensive data on U.S. positions and transactions in derivative financial instruments.
Creation-Date:  2004-10
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/04derivatives4.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0026

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Dennis Fixler
Author-X-Name-First: Dennis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fixler
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Revisions to GDP Estimates in the U.S.
Creation-Date:  2004-10
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/fixler_gdp_revise.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0027

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Indirect Investment: FCS, USM, or 50% Ownership
Creation-Date:  2005-03
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Issue3backgrounderwithTables.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0028

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Name:  Obie G. Whichard
Author-X-Name-First: Obie 
Author-X-Name-Last: Whichard
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: U.S. Industry Classification Procedures for Direct Investment
Creation-Date:  2005-03
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/IndustryClassificationProc.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0029

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  J Steven Landefeld
Author-X-Name-First: Steven
Author-X-Name-Last: Landefeld
Author-Name:  Dennis Fixler
Author-X-Name-First: Dennis 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fixler
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Importance of Data Sharing to BEA
Creation-Date:  2005-10
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/data_sharing_landefeld_fixler.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0032

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  J. Steven Landefeld
Author-X-Name-First: Steven 
Author-X-Name-Last: Landefeld
Author-Name:  Barbara M. Fraumeni
Author-X-Name-First: Barbara 
Author-X-Name-Last: Fraumeni
Author-Name:  Cindy M. Vojtech
Author-X-Name-First: Cindy 
Author-X-Name-Last: Vojtech
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Accounting for Nonmarket Production: A Prototype Satellite Account Using the American Time Use Survey
Creation-Date:  2005-12
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Landefeld__Nonmarket_Production_ATUS.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0030

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Globalization, Offshoring, and Multinational Companies: What Are the Questions, and How Well Are We Doing in Answering Them?
Abstract: This paper identifies key questions that are being asked about globalization and MNCs and then reviews the types of statistics that are required to answer those questions. The paper goes on to assess whether the statistics collected by the Bureau of Economic Analysis are adequate to address those questions.
Creation-Date:  2006-01
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/06AEAMNCpaperFinal.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0031

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Brian C. Moyer
Author-X-Name-First: Brian 
Author-X-Name-Last: Moyer
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Comparing Price Measures-The CPI and PCE Price Index
Creation-Date:  2006-03
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/Moyer_NABE.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0035

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Robert E. Yuskavage
Author-X-Name-First: Robert 
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuskavage
Author-Name: Erich H. Strassner
Author-X-Name-First: Erich 
Author-X-Name-Last: Strassner
Author-Name:  Gabriel W. Medeiros
Author-X-Name-First: Gabriel 
Author-X-Name-Last: Medeiros
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Outsourcing and Imported Services in BEAs Industry Accounts
Creation-Date:  2006-03
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/offshore_v05.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0032

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Ralph Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph 
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Name: Patricia Abaroa
Author-X-Name-First: Patricia
Author-X-Name-Last: Abaroa
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: U.S. Multinational Companies, Dividends, and Taxes
Abstract: The passage of the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 (AJCA) provided U.S. tax incentives for U.S. multinational companies that receive large dividends from their foreign affiliates. In 2005, dividends paid by foreign affiliates to their U.S. parents were 4 times as large as in 2004. With most international financial transactions, it is usually difficult for an observer to determine whether tax considerations were a primary factor in motivating the transactions versus just one of many important factors. However, given Congress' stated motivation for passing the AJCA and the substantial increase in dividends received by U.S. parent companies after enactment, there certainly does appear to be a casual relationship (with tax considerations playing a primary role) in at least this instance.
Creation-Date:  2006-09
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/AOS_Ottawa5.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0037

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Robert E. Yuskavage
Author-X-Name-First: Robert
Author-X-Name-Last: Yuskavage
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Distributive Services in the U.S. Economic Accounts
Creation-Date:  2006-07
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/distributive_services_in_the_us_economic_accounts.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0038

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Arnold J. Katz
Author-X-Name-First: Arnold
Author-X-Name-Last: Katz
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: An Overview of BEA's Source Data and Estimating Methods for Quarterly GDP
Creation-Date:  2006-11
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/quarterly_gdp_moyer_11_2006.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0039

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Ralph H. Kozlow
Author-X-Name-First: Ralph
Author-X-Name-Last: Kozlow
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Statistical Issues Related to Global Economic Imbalances: Perspectives on "Dark Matter"
Abstract: There has been a large amount of recent interest in how the U.S. can be the so-called world's largest debtor nation and at the same time have a persistent surplus on income in its balance of payments accounts. Based on BEA's published data, two factors explain the incongruence - a difference in the composition of U.S.-owned assets abroad compared to foreign-owned assets in the U.S., and a higher rate of return earned by U.S. investors on their overseas assets, particularly on direct investment, than the rate of return that foreign investors earn on similar classes of assets invested in the U.S. In contrast, some others have recently argued that the explanation for the incongruence is that U.S.-owned assets abroad are undervalued, mainly because large exports of intangible assets by U.S. direct investors to their foreign affiliates have gone undetected. This paper reviews the main points of this argument and discusses some of its implications.
Creation-Date:  2006-10
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/bea/papers/darkmatter_10_2006.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0040

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Alfred D. Tuttle
Author-X-Name-First: Alfred 
Author-X-Name-Last: Tuttle
Author-Name: Rebecca L. Morrison
Author-X-Name-First: Rebecca 
Author-X-Name-Last: Morrison
Author-Name:  David H. Galler
Author-X-Name-First: David 
Author-X-Name-Last: Galler
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: From Respondent Debriefings to Pilot Test and Beyond: A Comprehensive Redesign of a Questionnaire Measuring Foreign Direct Investment
Creation-Date:  2007-06
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/papers/pdf/TuttleMorrisonGaller_ICES.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0041

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Louise Ku-Graf
Author-X-Name-First: Louise
Author-X-Name-Last: Ku-Graf
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Electronic Data Collection at the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
Creation-Date:  2007-06
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/papers/pdf/KuGraf_ICES.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0041

Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Brent R. Moulton
Author-X-Name-First: Brent
Author-X-Name-Last: Moulton
Author-Workplace-Name: Bureau of Economic Analysis
Title: Keeping Economic Statistics Relevant through Updating the System of National Accounts
Creation-Date:  2007-06
File-URL: http://www.bea.gov/papers/pdf/sna_ices_iii_b_moulton.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
Classification-JEL: E60
Handle: RePEc:bea:papers:0042