----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Allen, J.A.

PUBL. YEAR:   1876

TITLE:        The American bisons, living and extinct.

SOURCE:       Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard College. 1974.  Arno Press, New
              York.  245 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Arthur, G.

PUBL. YEAR:   

TITLE:        The North American bison: a brief history.

SOURCE:       Prairie Forum 9:281-289.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Banfield, A.W.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1961

TITLE:        The wood bison type specimen.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 42:553-554.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bayrock, L.A. and J.M. Hillerud.

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        New data on Bison bison athabascae Rhoads.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 45:630-632.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bhambhani, R.N.

PUBL. YEAR:   1968

TITLE:        Karyotypic and cytotaxonomic study of domestic cattle and American
              bison.
       
SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. University of Alberta, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bhambhani, R. and J. Kuspira.

PUBL. YEAR:   1969

TITLE:        The somatic karyotypes of American bison and domestic cattle.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Genetics Cytol. 11:243-249.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bork, A.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Genetic analysis of wood and plains bison by restriction fragment
              polymorphisms.

SOURCE:       pp. 47. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom,ed.)
              U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., Glacier
              National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bork, A.M., C.M. Strobeck, F.C. Yeh, R.J. Hudson, and R.K. Salmon.

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Genetic relationship of wood and plains bison based on restriction
              fragment length polymorphisms.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 69:43-48.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Butler, B.R.

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Bison hunting in the desert west before 1800: the paleoecological
              potential and the archeological reality.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 28:106-112.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Daubenmire, R.

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        The western limits of the range of the American bison.

SOURCE:       Ecology 66:622-624.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dillehay, T.D.

PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Late Quaternary bison population changes on the southern plains.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 19:180-196.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Duffield, L.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        Aging and sexing the post-cranial skeleton of bison.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 18:132-139.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Figgins, J.D.

PUBL. YEAR:   1933

TITLE:        The bison of the western area of the Mississippi Basin.

SOURCE:       Proc. Colo. Mus. Nat. Hist. 12:16-33.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fryxell, F.M.

PUBL. YEAR:   1926

TITLE:        A new altitude limit for the American bison.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 7:102-109.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fryxell, F.M.

PUBL. YEAR:   1928

TITLE:        The former range of the bison in the Rocky Mountains.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 9:129-139.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, B.

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Age specific mortality associated with native hunting of bison.

SOURCE:       Alberta Nat. 16:136.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gebczynski, M. and K. Tomaszewska-Guszkiewicz.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Genetic variability in the European bison.

SOURCE:       Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 15:285-288.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Geist, V.

PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        The relation of social evolution and dispersal in ungulates during 
              the Pleistocene, with emphasis on the old world deer and the genus
              Bison.

SOURCE:       Quart. Res. 1:283-315.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Geist, V.

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Phantom subspecies: the wood bison Bison bison "athabacae" Rhoads
              1897 is not a valid taxon, but an ecotype.

SOURCE:       Arctic 44:283-300.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Geist, V.

PUBL. YEAR:   1992

TITLE:        Endangered species and the law. A commentary.

SOURCE:       Nature 357:274-276.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Geist, V. and P. Karsten.

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        The wood bison (Bison bison athabascae, Rhoads) in relation to
              hypotheses on the origin of the American bison (Bison bison;
              Linnaeus).

SOURCE:       Z Saugetierk. 42:119-127.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Guthrie, R.D.

PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        Bison evolution and zoogeography in North America during the
              Pleistocene.

SOURCE:       Qtly. Rev. Biol. 45:1-15.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Guthrie, R.D.

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Bison and man in North America.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Anthropol. 1:55-73.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Haines, F.D.

PUBL. YEAR:   1940

TITLE:        The western limits of the buffalo range.

SOURCE:       Pac. Northwest Quart. 31:389-398.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hanson, J.R.

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Bison ecology in the northern plains and a reconstruction of bison
              patterns for the North Dakota region.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 29:93-113.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Harris, M.J., J.B. Wilson, and T.H.J. Huisman.

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        Two hemoglobin phenotypes in the American bison, Bison bison: a 
              possible genetic explanation based on structural studies.

SOURCE:       Biochem. Benet. 9:1-11.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Johnson, C.W.

PUBL. YEAR:   1951

TITLE:        Protein as a factor in the distribution of the American bison.

SOURCE:       Geogr. Rev. 41:330-331.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Knudsen, K and F. Allendorf.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Genetic variation of bison allozymes.

SOURCE:       pp. 48-49. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom,
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc.,
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kobrynczuk, F. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        The influence of inbreeding on the shape and size of the skeleton
              of the European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 30:379-422.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Larson, F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1940

TITLE:        The role of the bison in maintaining the short grass plains.

SOURCE:       Ecology 21:113-121.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Should public herds be trading bison to maintain diversity in the
              gene pool and/or prevent inbreeding depression?

SOURCE:       pp. 59-60. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom,
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc.,
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McClenaghan, L.R., J. Berger, and H.D. Truesdale.

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Founding lineages and genetic variability in plains bison (Bison
              bison) from Badlands National Park, South Dakota. 

SOURCE:       Conserv. Biol. 4:285-289.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McDonald, J.N.

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        The North American bison: a revised classification and
              interpretation of their evolution.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Calif., Los Angeles. 779 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McDonald, J.N.

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        North American bison, their classification and evolution.

SOURCE:       Univ. Calif. Press. 316 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mack, R.N. and J.N. Thompson.

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Evolution in steppe with few large, hooved animals.

SOURCE:       Am. Nat. 119:757-773.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mayr, B., E. Tesarik, H. Auer and H. Burger.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Nucleolus-organizer regions and heterochromatin in three species of
              bovidae.

SOURCE:       Gentica (The Haugue) 75:7-212.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Moodie, D.W. and A. J. Ray.

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Buffalo migration in the Canadian plains.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 21:45-52.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Morgan, R.G.

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Bison movement patterns on the Canadian plains: An ecological
              analysis.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 25:143-160.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Neuman, P.W.

PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        An examination of genetic variation in plains bison (Bison bison
              bison)and wood bison (Bison bison athabascae)and their hybrids.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Neuman, P.W.

PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Electrophoresis in the study of genetic variation between plains
              bison (Bison bison bison)and wood bison (Bison bison athabascae).

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Neuman, R.W.

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        The buffalo (Bison bison)in the prehistory of southeastern United 
              States.

SOURCE:       Proc. La. Acad. sci. 43:189.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Olech, W.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Analysis of inbreeding in European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 32:373-387.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Olech, W.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Genetic analysis of the European bison population. Animal genetic 
              resources. Strategies for improved use and conservation.

SOURCE:       Proceedings of the 2nd meeting of the FAO/UNEP Expert Panel,
              Warsaw, Poland, June 1986 with Proceedings of the EAAP/PSAS 
              Symposium on Small Animal Populations of Domestic Animals. 
              1987,245-247; FA0 Animal Production and Health Paper No. 66. Rome,
              Italy; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Olech, W.

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        The participation of ancestral genes in the existing population 
              of European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta. Theriol. 34:397-407.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Olsen, S.J.

PUBL. YEAR:   1960.

TITLE:        Post-cranial skeletal characters of Bison and Bos.

SOURCE:       Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard Univ. 35:1-15.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G. and G.J. Kray.

PUBL. YEAR:   1979.

TITLE:        Comparison of blood characteristics in plains bison, wood bison, 
              and their hybrids.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 57:778-784.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peters, H.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        American bison, and bison-cattle hybrids.

SOURCE:       pp. 46-49 IN: Evolution of domesticated animals. Ian L. 
              Mason (ed.). London: Longman.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reed, E.K.

PUBL. YEAR:   1955

TITLE:        Bison beyond the Pecos.

SOURCE:       Texas J. Sci. 7:130-135.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reher, C.A.

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Buffalo population and other deterministic factors in a model 
              of adaptive process on the shortgrass plains.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 28:23-39.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rhoads, S.N.

PUBL. YEAR:   1897

TITLE:        Notes on living and extinct species of North American Bovidae.

SOURCE:       Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 49:483-502.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Roe, F.G.

PUBL. YEAR:   1939

TITLE:        Buffalo as a possible influence in the development of prairie lands.

SOURCE:       Can. Hist. Rev. 20:275-287.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rostland, E.

PUBL. YEAR:   1960

TITLE:        The geographic range of the historic bison in the southeast.

SOURCE:       Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 50:395-407.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Sartore, G., C. Stormont, B.G. Morris, and A.A. Grunder.

PUBL. YEAR:   1969

TITLE:        Multiple electrophoretic forms of carbonic anhydrase in red cells 
              of domestic cattle (Bos taurus) and American buffalo (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Genetics 61:823-831.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shackelton, D.M., L.V. Hills, and D.A. Hutton.

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Aspects of variation in cranial characters of plains bison (Bison 
              bison bison Linnaeus) from Elk Island National Park, Alberta.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 56:871-887.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shackelton, D.M. and L.V. Hills.

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Post-glacial ungulates from Three Hills, Alberta.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Earth Science 14:963-986.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shaw, D.H. and J.R. Patel.

PUBL. YEAR:   1962

TITLE:        Demonstration of antigenic difference between American bison (Bison
              bison) and domestic cattle (Bos taurus).

SOURCE:       Nature 196:498-499.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shay, C.T.

PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        The Itasca bison kill site, an ecological analysis.

SOURCE:       Minnesota prehistoric archaeology series, Minnesota Historical 
              Society. 133 p. illus. St. Paul.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shay, C.T.

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Late prehistoric bison and deer use in the eastern prairie-forest 
              border.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 28:194-212.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shroedl, G.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        The archeological occurence of bison in the southern plateau.

SOURCE:       Washington State Univ. Lab. Anthr., Rep. Inv. 51. Wash. 
              State Univ., Pullman, Wash.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shultz, C.B. and W.D. Frankforter.

PUBL. YEAR:   1946

TITLE:        The geologic history of the bison in the Great Plains of North
              America.

SOURCE:       Bull. Univ. Neb. State Mus. 3:1-10.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shultz, F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1967

TITLE:        Identification of bison skulls.

SOURCE:       Blue Jay 25:191-192.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Skinner, M.F. and O.C. Kaisen.

PUBL. YEAR:   1947

TITLE:        The fossil bison of Alaska and preliminary revision of the genus.

SOURCE:       Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 89:233-256.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Skinner, Q.D.

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Riparian zones then and now.

SOURCE:       Wyo. Range Manage #293. Dept. Range Manage., Univ. Wyo., Laramie.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stormont, C., W.J. Miller, and Y. Suzuki.

PUBL. YEAR:   1961

TITLE:        Blood groups and the taxonomic status of American buffalo and 
              domestic cattle.

SOURCE:       Evolution 15:196-208.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stormont, C.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        What do we know about bison genetics?

SOURCE:       pp. 40-46. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., 
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Syms, E.L.

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        The Devils Lake-Sourisford burial complex on the northern plains.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 24:282-308.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray.

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        The recent geographic distribution of Bison bison in Oregon.

SOURCE:       Murrelet 66:56-58.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Bison west of the Rocky Mountains: An alternative explanation.

SOURCE:       Northwest Sci. 61:65-69.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       van Zyll de Jong, C.G.

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        A systematic study of recent bison, with particular consideration 
              of the Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads 1898).

SOURCE:       Pub. Nat. Sci. No. 6. Nat. Mus. of Can., Ottawa. 69 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       van Zyll de Jong, C.G.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Historical geographic variation in North American bison and 
              the taxonomic status of remnant populations of wood bison.

SOURCE:       pp. 56-57. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., 
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Walker, D.N.

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Studies of the late pleistocene mammalia fauna of Wyoming.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Wyo., Laramie, WY.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wilson, M.

PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        History of the bison in Wyoming, with particular reference to 
              early holocene forms. 

SOURCE:       pp. 91-99. IN: Applied geology and archeology: The Holocene 
              history of Wyoming (M. Wilson, ed.). Wyoming Geol. Survey Rpt. 
              Invest. 10:1-129.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wilson, M.

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Holocene fossil bison from Wyoming and adjacent areas.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.A. Thesis. Univ. Wyoming, Laramie. 276 pp.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Yardley, D.G., G.R. Bright, and D.G. Peden.

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Genetic variation in bison, the American buffalo. 

SOURCE:       Bull. S.C. Acad. Sci. 40:95.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ying, K.L. and D.G. Peden.

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Chromosonal homology of wood bison and plains bison.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 55:759-762.

CATEGORY:     Classification and Paleoecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Brink, W. and J. Van Den.

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        The behaviour of wisent and bison in larger enclosures.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 25:115-130.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cabon-Raczynska, K., M. Krasinska, Z.A. Krasinski, and J.M. 
              Wojcik.

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Behavior and daily activity rythym of European bison in winter.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 28:273-299.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cabon-Raczynska, K., M. Krasinska, Z.A. Krasinski, and
              J.M. Wojcik.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Rythym of daily activity and behavior of European bison 
              in the Bialowieza forest in the period without snow cover.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 32:335-372.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Egerton, P.J.M.

PUBL. YEAR:   1962

TITLE:        The cow-calf relationship and rutting behavior in American bison.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Alberta, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Egerton, P.J.M.

PUBL. YEAR:   1962

TITLE:        Bison behaviour.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 2:406.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Egerton, P.J.M.

PUBL. YEAR:   1962

TITLE:        The social integration of the bison calf.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 2:406.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Englehard, J.G.

PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        Behavior patterns of American bison calves at the National Bison 
              Range, Moise, Montana.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Central Michigan Univ., Mt. Pleasant.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fischer, W.A.

PUBL. YEAR:   1967

TITLE:        Observations on behavior of lone bull bison.

SOURCE:       Iowa Acad. Sci. 74:87-91.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A.

PUBL. YEAR:   1960

TITLE:        Behavior and social organization of the wild bison of Wood 
              Buffalo National Park, Canada.

SOURCE:       Arctic 13:3-19.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Galland, J.C.

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Group size dynamics of herding animals.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Calif., Davis. 136 pp.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Giovengo, S.L. and G.H. Waring.

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Social development of the American bison calf.

SOURCE:       Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 29:505.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Goszczynski, J., Z. Gizejewski, and J. Baranski.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Ethological observation on parturition and the time of uterus 
              involution.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:81.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H.

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Age-related differences in nursing behavior among American 
              bison cows (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 67:739-741.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Mother-daughter interactions in American bison (Bison bison): 
              factors associated with individual variation.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. City Univ. of New York, New York. 212 pp.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H., J.G. Griswold, and A. Rothstein.

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Post-weaning associations among bison mothers and daughters.

SOURCE:       Ani. Behav. 38:847-858.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H. and J. Berger.

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Maternal investment in sons and daughters:problems of 
              methodology.

SOURCE:       Behav. Ecol. 27:99-102.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein.

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Sex bias or equal opportunity? Patterns of maternal investment 
              in bison.

SOURCE:       Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 29:373-384.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein.

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in female bison.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 86:521-527.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Herrig, D. and A.0. Haugen.

PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        Bull bison behavior traits.

SOURCE:       Proc. of the Iowa Acad. of Sci. 76:245-262.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Jackson, W.M. and R.L. Winnegrad.

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Linearity in dominance hierarchies: a second look at the indi-
              vidual attributes model.

SOURCE:       Ani. Behav. 36:1237-1240.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krasinska, M., K Cabon-Raczynska, and Z.A. Krasinski.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Spacing pattern of the European bison herds in the Bialowieza 
              primeval forest.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union. Game Biol. 18:95.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1969

TITLE:        Postural aspects of threat and submission signalling in mature 
              male American bison.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 9:1071.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        Bison would rather breed than fight.

SOURCE:       Nat. Hist. 81:40-45.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Sexual and aggresive behavior of adult male American bison 
              (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       pp. 382-294. IN: The Behavior of Ungulates and its Relation to
              Management. (V. Geist and F. Walther, eds.).  IUCN, Morges, 
              Switzerland.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Hair display loss in mature male American bison: a temperate 
              zone adaptation?

SOURCE:       Z. Tierpsychol. 49:71-75.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Dominance relations and breeding rate in mature male American 
              bison.

SOURCE:       Z. Tierpsychol. 49:418-432.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Sexual behavior and intersexual strategies in American bison.

SOURCE:       Z. Tierpsychol. 56:97-114.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        The buller syndrome in American bison bulls.

SOURCE:       Appl. Ethol. 11:183-186.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F. and S.C. Minta.

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Random individual association and social group instability in 
              American bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Z. Tierpsychol. 61:153-172.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland.

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Parturition in American bison: precocity and systematic 
              variation in cow isolation.

SOURCE:       Z. Tierpsychol. 69:66-71.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland.

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Individual variation in fecundity in an American bison 
              population.

SOURCE:       Mammalia 49:300-302.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F. and J.C. Galland.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Body mass as a factor influencing dominance status in American 
              bison cows.

SOURCE:       J. Mamm. 68:683-685.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F.

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        American bison socioecology.

SOURCE:       Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 29:135-145.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lumia, A.R.

PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        The relationship between dominance and play behavior in the 
              American buffalo, Bison bison.

SOURCE:       Z. Tierpsychol. 30:416-419.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McHugh, T.

PUBL. YEAR:   1958

TITLE:        Social behavior of the American buffalo (Bison bison bison).

SOURCE:       Zoologica 43:1-40.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Magnac, M.P., D. Langwald Altmann, and G. Gonzalez.

PUBL. YEAR:   1992.

TITLE:        Maternal behavior and independence of the calves within a 
              captive group of American bison.

SOURCE:       pp. 447-451. IN:Ongules/Ungulates 91 Proceedings. (F. Spitz, 
              G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds. ) S.F.E.P.M.-
              I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mahan, B.R.

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Harassment of an elk calf by bison.

SOURCE:       Can. Field Nat. 91:418-419.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mahan, B.R.

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Aspects of American bison (Bison bison)social behavior at 
              Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge, Valentine, Nebraska, 
              with special reference to calves.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mahan, B.R., M.P. Munger, and H.L. Gunderson.

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Analysis of the flehmen display in American bison 
              (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Prairie Nat. 10:33-42.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Maher, C.R. and J.A. Beyers. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Age-related changes in reproductive effort of male bison.

SOURCE:       Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 21:91-96

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Melton, D.A., N.C. Larter, C.C. Gates, and J.A. Virgl.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        The influence of rut and environmental factors on the behavior 
              of wood bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 34:179-193.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pererya, V.I. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Application of ethological data to optimize the measures on 
              introduction of the European bison herds in the Bialowieza 
              primeval forest.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:95.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pererya, V.I. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Threatening behavior of European bison (Bison bonasus) in 
              comparison with American bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Zool. Zh. 68:124-132.


CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Petersburg, S.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        Bull bison behavior at Wind Cave National Park

SOURCE:       Unpublish M.S. Thesis. Iowa State Univ., Ames.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Prescott, J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Play and the development of individual and social behavior 
              in the American bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Biol Behav. 10:261-276.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ralls, K., K. Kranz, and B. Lundrigan.   

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: variability
              and clustering.

SOURCE:       Ani. Behav. 34:134-145.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ralls, K., B. Lundrigan, and K. Kranz. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: behavioral
              changes over time.

SOURCE:       Ethology 75:1-14.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ralls, K., B. Lundrigan, and K. Kranz.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Mother-young relationships in captive ungulates: spatial and
              temporal patterns.

SOURCE:       Zoo. Biol. 6:11-20.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reid, K.W. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Limited study of bison behavior with respect to spruce trees.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reinhardt, V. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985a

TITLE:        Quantitative analysis of wallowing in a confined bison herd.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 30:149-156.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reinhardt, V. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985b

TITLE:        Social behavior in a confined bison herd.

SOURCE:       Behaviour 92:209-226.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reinhardt, V., A. Reinhardt, and C. Reinhardt. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Evaluating sex differences in aggresiveness in cattle, bison, 
              and rhesus monkeys.

SOURCE:       Behaviour 102:58-66.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Robitaille, J. and J. Prescott. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        The reproductive behavior of the bison in the Quebec Zoo.

SOURCE:       Carnets Zool. 41:4-9.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Robitaille, J. and J. Prescott.

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Hierarchial organization of a captive herd of Bison bison.

SOURCE:       Zool. Gart. 55:124-128.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rothstein, A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Social behavior development in American bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:88.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rothstein, A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Social organization in juvenile bison bulls (Bison bison): 
              non-linear dominance and dyadic associations.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. City Univ. of New York, New York. 107 pp.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rothstein, A. and J.G. Griswold. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Age and sex preferences for social partners by juvenile bison
              bulls, Bison bison.

SOURCE:       Ani. Behav. 41:227-237.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rowland, D.L., Helgeson, V.S., and C.C. Cox.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Temporal patterns of parturition in mammals in captivity.

SOURCE:       Chronobiologia 11:31-39.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rutberg, A.T. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Factors influencing dominance status in American bison cows 
              (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Z. Tierpsychol. 63:206-212.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rutberg, A.T. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Birth syncrony in American bison (Bison bison): Response to 
              predation or season.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 65:418-423.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rutberg, A.T.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Competition and reproduction in American bison cows.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Wash., Seattle. 91 pp.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shackelton, D.M.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1968

TITLE:        Comparitive aspects of social organization of American bison.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Western Ont., London, Ontario.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shaw, J. and T. Carter.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Long-term associations between bison cows and their offspring.

SOURCE:       pp. 50-55.  IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shaw, J.H. and T.S. Carter.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Calving patterns among American bison.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 53:896-898.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shull, A.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Age-speciflc reproductive behavior of male American bison.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shult, M.J.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        American bison behavior patterns at Wind Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Iowa State Univ, Ames. 191 pp.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wolff, J.0.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Maternal investment and sex ratio adjustment in American 
              bison calves.

SOURCE:       Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 23:127-133.

CATEGORY:     Social Organization and Behavior
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Aune, K.E. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Impacts of winter recreationists on wildlife in portions of 
              Yellowstone National Park, WY.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman. 110 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Barmore, W.J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Population characteristics, distribution and habitat 
              relationships of six ungulate species in Yellowstone National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       3 vol. 677pp. Yellowstone Nat. Park Libr. Mammoth, WY.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Beidelman, R.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1955

TITLE:        An altitudinal record for bison in northern Colorado.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 36:470-471.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Belovsky, G.E.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Optimal foraging and community structure: implications for a 
              guild of generalist grassland herbivores.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 70:35-52.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Belovsky, G.E. and J.B. Slade.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Time budgets of grassland herbivores: body size similarities.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 70:53-62.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bennet, J.P. and R.B. Dahlgren.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Seasonal food habits of bison on mixed grass prairie.

SOURCE:       pp. 143-146.  IN: Proc., A Natl. Conf. Grazing Mgt. Tech. 
              (D.D. Briske and M.M. Kothman, eds.). Texas A&M Univ.,
              College Station, TX

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Berger, J. and C. Cunningham. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Size-related effects on search times in North American 
              grassland female ungulates.

SOURCE:       Ecology 69:177-183.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Borowski, S. and S. Kossak. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        The natural food preferences of the European bison in seasons 
              free of snow cover.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 17:151-169.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bowser, G. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Winter foraging behavior in bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone 
              National Park, Wyoming.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 28:156.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cairns, A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Distribution and food habits of moose, wapiti, deer, bison, 
              and snowshoe hare in Elk Island National Park, Alberta.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Calgary, Calgary. 171 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cairns, A. and E.S. Telfer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Habitat use by four sympatric ungulates in boreal mixedwood 
              forest.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 44:849-857.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Calef, G.W. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Population growth in an introduced herd of wood bison (Bison 
              bison athabascae).

SOURCE:       pp. 183-200. IN: Northern Ecology and Resource Management. 
              (R. Olsen, et al., eds.). Univ. Alberta Press. Edmonton, 
              Alberta. 438 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Calef, G.W. and J. Van Camp. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Seasonal distribution, group size and structure, and movements 
              of bison herds.

SOURCE:       pp. 15-20. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. 
              Ser. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Capp, J.C. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Ecology of the bison of Colorado National Monument.

SOURCE:       U.S.D.I., N.P.S., Gov. Printing
              Office. Wash., D.C., 30 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Campbell, B.H. and M. Hinkes.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Winter diets and habitat use of Alaskan bison after wildfire.

SOURCE:       Wildl. Soc. Bull. 11:16-21

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cid, M.S. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Prairie dog and bison grazing effects on maintenance of 
              attributes of a prairie dog colony.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 
              97 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cid, M.S., J.K. Detling, A.D. Whicker, and M.A. Brizuela.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Vegetational responses of a mixed-grass prairie site following 
              exclusion of prairie dogs and bison.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 44:100-105.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cole, R.S. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Elk and bison management on the Oglala Sioux game range.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 27:484-485.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Collins, S.L. and G.E. Uno. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        The effects of early spring burning on vegetation in buffalo 
              wallows.

SOURCE:       Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 110:474-481.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Collins, S.L. and S.C. Barber.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Effects of disturbance on diversity in mixed-grass prairie.

SOURCE:       Vegetatio 64:87-94.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Collingwood, L.

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Seasonal bison distributions correlated to habitat types in 
              Wood Buffalo National Park, 1976-1977.

SOURCE:       IN: Wood Buffalo National Park bison research, 1977 annual 
              report. (J.G. Stelfox, compiler). Canadian Wildlife Service, 
              Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Bison-prairie dog-plant interactions in a northern mixed-grass 
              prairie.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 61:113. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L., J.K. Detling, J.L Dodd, and M.I. Dyer.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Bison prairie dog-plant interactions in Wind Cave National Park, 
              South Dakota.

SOURCE:       Proc. Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 12:184.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L., J.K. Detling, and M.I. Dyer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Interactions among bison, prairie dogs and vegetation in Wind 
              Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Final Report to National Park Service, Wind Cave 
              National Park, South Dakota. 195 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L., J.E. Ellis, J.K. Detling, and M.I. Dyer.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass 
              prairie. II. Responses of bison to modification of vegetation 
              by prairie dogs.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 56:10-15. 

CATEGORY:    Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L. and J.K. Detling.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Alteration of bison and black-tailed prairie dog grazing 
              interaction by prescribed burning.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 50:452-455.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Day, T.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Modification of individual plant and community water and 
              nitrogen relations by grassland herbivores.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, 
              CO. 134 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Day, T.A. and J.K. Detling. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Grassland patch dynamics and herbivore grazing preference 
              following urine deposition.

SOURCE:       Ecology 71:180-188.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Day, T.A. and J.K. Detling.

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Changes in grass leaf water relations following bison urine 
              deposition.

SOURCE:       Am. Midl. Nat. 123:171-178.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dearden, B.L., R.E. Pegau, and R.M. Hansen.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Precision of microhistological estimates of ruminant 
              food habits.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 39:402-407.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Despain, D., D. Houston, M.M. Meagher, and P. Schullery. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Wildlife in transition.

SOURCE:       Roberts Rinehart, Inc. Boulder, CO. 142 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Trophic interactions among above ground and belowground 
              herbivores and plants in Wind Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:86.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Grasslands and savannas: regulation of energy flow and 
              nutrient cycling by herbivores.

SOURCE:       Ecol. Stud. Anal. Synth. 67:131-148.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K., M.I. Dyer, C. Procter-Gregg, and D.T. Winn. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Plant-herbivore interactions: examination of potential 
              effects of bison saliva on regrowth of Bouteloua gracilis 
              (H.B.K.)

SOURCE:       Oecologia 45:26-31.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K., C.W. Ross, M.H. Walmsley, D.W. Hilbert, C.A. 
              Bonilla, and M.I. Dyer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Examination of North American bison saliva for potential 
              plant growth regulators.

SOURCE:       J. Chemical Ecol. 7:239-246.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dziuk, H.E.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        Eructation, regurgitation, and reticuloruminal contraction 
              in the American bison.

SOURCE:       Am. J. Physiol. 208:343-346.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Edwards, T.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Buffalo and prairie ecology.

SOURCE:       pp. 110-112. IN: Proceedings of 5th Midwest Prairie Conf.
              (D.C. Glenn-Lewin and R.Q. Landers, eds.). Iowa State 
              Univ., Ames, Iowa.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       England, R.E. and A. DeVos. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1969

TITLE:        Influence of animals on pristine conditions on the Canadian 
              grasslands.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 22:87-94.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fowler, C.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Density dependence as related to life history strategy.

SOURCE:       Ecology 62:602-610.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1961

TITLE:        The ecology and management of the American bison.

SOURCE:       Terre et Vie 108:286-304.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1966

TITLE:        The biology and management of the bison of Wood Buffalo 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Manage. Bull. Ser. 1, No. 16.52 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, R.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Free-roaming bison in northern Canada.

SOURCE:       Alta Nat. 15:86-87.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, R.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Further notes on bison in northern Alberta.

SOURCE:       Alberta Nat. 16:96-97.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gates, C.C. and N.C. Larter. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Habitat and diet selection of Wood bison in the Mackenzie 
              Sanctuary, Northwest Territories, Canada.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:65-66.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gates, C.C. and N.C. Larter. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Growth and dispersal of an erupting large herbivore 
              population in northern Canada: the MacKenzie wood bison 
              (Bison bison athabascae).

SOURCE:       Arctic 43:231-238. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gebczynska, Z. and M. Krasinska.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        Food preference and requirements of the European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 17:105-117.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gebczynska, Z., J. Kowalczk, M. Krasinska, and A. Ziolecka. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        A comparison of the digestibility of nutrients by European 
              bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 9:283-289.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gibson, D.J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Effects of animal disturbance on tallgrass prairie vegetation.

SOURCE:       Am. Midl. Nat. 121:144-154.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gipson, P.S. and J.D. McKendrick.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Bison depradation on grain fields in interior Alaska.

SOURCE:       Proc. Great Plains Wildl. Damage Control Workshop. 5:116-121.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Grimm, R.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1939

TITLE:        Northern Yellowstone winter range studies.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 3:295-306.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Halloran, A.F. and B.P. Glass.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1959

TITLE:        The carnivores and ungulates of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife
              Refuge, Oklahoma.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 40:360-370.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Comparison of forage utilization and blood composition of 
              bison and Hereford cattle.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. 246 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        The effect of bag location along a suspension line on nylon 
              bag digestibility estimates in bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       J. Range Mange. 34:265-266.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, H.W. Reynolds, and E.O. Keith.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Nylon bag digestibilities of five native plants in bison 
              and cattle.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Anim. Sci. 57:825.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, and W.R. Stricklin.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Bison and Hereford steer digestion of sedge hay.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Anim. Sci. 61:165-174.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, H.W. Reynolds, and W.R. Stricklin. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Bison and cattle digestion of forages from the Slave River 
              lowlands, Northwest Territories, Canada.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 34:126-130.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Bison and cattle use of forages.

SOURCE:       pp. 49-52. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. 
              Ser. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Holsworth, W.N. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1960

TITLE:        Interactions between moose, elk, and buffalo in Elk Island 
              National Park, Alberta.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Holsworth, W.N.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1960

TITLE:        Buffalo range and food habits of buffalo in Wood Buffalo Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Houston, D.B. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Ecosystems of national parks.

SOURCE:       Science 172:245 262.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J. and C.B. Blyth. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Mixed grazing systems of the aspen boreal forest.

SOURCE:       pp. 381-383. IN: Rangelands, a resource under siege. 
              Proceedings of the 2nd Rangeland Congress. Canberra, 
              Australia.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J. and S. Frank.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Foraging ecology of bison in aspen boreal habitats.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 40:71-75.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kautz, J.E. and G.M. Van Dyne. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Comparitive analyses of diets of bison, cattle, sheep, and 
              pronghorn antelope on shortgrass prairie in northeastern
              Colorado, USA.

SOURCE:       pp. 438-442. IN: Proc. 1st Intl. Rangel. Congr. (D.N. 
              Hyder, ed.). Soc. for Range Manage., Denver, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kelsall, J.P. and E.S. Telfer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Studies of the physiological adaptation of big game for snow.

SOURCE:       pp. 134. IN: Proc. Snow and Ice in Relation to Wildl. and
              Recr. Symp. (A.0. Haugan, ed.). Iowa State Univ., Ames.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kelsall, J.P., E.S. Telfer, and T.S. Wright. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        The effects of fire on the ecology of the boreal forest,
              with particular reference to the Canadian north: a review 
              and selected bibliography.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Report, No. 32.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kerley, L.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Microhabitat choice and biting flies in American bison (Bison 
              bison): a test of multiple hypotheses.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Nev. Reno. 41 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kerley, L. and J. Berger.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        What influences microhabitat choice in large ungulates?: A 
              test of multiple hypotheses using American bison.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 28:156.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krasinski, Z.A. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Dynamics and structure of the European bison population in 
              the Bialoweiza primeval forest.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 23:3-48.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krasinska, M., K. Cabon-Raczynska, and Z.A. Krasinski.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Strategy of habitat utilization by European bison in the 
              Bialoweiza forest.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 32:147-202.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kreuger, K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        An experimental analysis of interspecific feeding relationships 
              among bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 65:267.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Interactions and activity patterns of bison and prairie dogs 
              at Wind Cave National Park: Implications for managers.

SOURCE:       pp. 203-208. IN: Proc. National Wilderness Res. Conf., Colorado 
              State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs in Wind Cave: recent results 
              and their uses.

SOURCE:       Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:86.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Feeding relationships among bison, pronghorn, and prairie 
              dogs: an experimental analysis.

SOURCE:       Ecology 67:760-770.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Interactions and activity patterns of bison and prairie dogs 
              at Wind Cave National Park: implications for managers.

SOURCE:       U.S.F.S. Gen. Tech. Rep., INT-212. pp. 203-238.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Larter, N.C. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Diet and habitat selection of an erupting wood bison 
              population.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver. 
              109 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Larter, N.C. and C.C. Gates. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Home ranges of wood bison in an expanding population.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 71:604-607.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Home ranges of American bison cows on Santa Catalina Island, 
              California.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 64:161-162.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McCullough, Y.B. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Niche separation of seven North American ungulates on the 
              National Bison Range, Montana.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. 226 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mahan, B.R.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Harrasment of an elk calf by bison.

SOURCE:       Can. Field Nat. 91:418-419.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Martinka, C.J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Ungulate populations in relation to wilderness in Glacier 
              National Park, Montana.

SOURCE:       Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Res. Conf. 43:351-357.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        The bison of Yellowstone National Park: past and present.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis., Univ. California, Berkley. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Snow as a factor influencing bison distribution and numbers 
              in Pelican Valley, Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 63-67. IN: Proc. Snow and Ice in Relation to Wildl. and 
              Recr. Symp. (A.0. Haugan, ed.). Iowa State Univ., Ames.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        The bison of Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       N.P.S. Sci. Mono. Ser. #1. 161 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Winter weather as a population-regulating influence on 
              free-ranging bison in Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 29-38. IN: Research in the parks, Transactions of the 
              National Park Centennial Symposium., Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 
              Dec. 28-29,1971. Ser. No. 1. U.S. Gov. Printing Office,
              Wash. D.C.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Bison.

SOURCE:       p. 123-133. IN: Big game of North America: ecology and 
              management. (J.L. Scmidt and D.L. Gilbert, eds.). Stackpole 
          Books, Harrisburg PA. 494 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989a

TITLE:        Evaluation of boundary control for bison of Yellowstone 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17:15-19.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989b

TITLE:        Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 70:670-675. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Changes in bison ecological carrying capacity because of 
              human activities.

SOURCE:       Paper presented at meeting of the George Wright Soc., El
              Paso, Texas. Nov. 14, 1990. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Nelson, K.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        Status and habits of the American
              buffalo (Bison bison)in the Henry Mountain area of
              Utah.

SOURCE:       Utah Dept. Fish and Game Pub. No. 65-2.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Habitat use and distribution of bison in Theodore Roosevelt 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J. and C.B. Marlow. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Bison use of harwood draws in the Theodore Roosevelt National 
              Park. IN: Symposium on wooded draws: Characteristics and
              values for the northern Great Plains.

SOURCE:       U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. Sta., Fort
              Collins, CO. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J., L.R. Irby, and C.B. Marlow. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Determination of optimum bison stocking rate in Theodore
              Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota.

SOURCE:       J. Environ. Manage. 21:225-239.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Forage allocation model for competing species of ungulates.

SOURCE:       pp. 34. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc.,
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pearson, H.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1967

TITLE:        Rumen microorganisms in buffalo from southern Utah.

SOURCE:       Appl. Microbiol. 15:1450-1451. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Preliminary activities and results in bison research on the 
              Pawnee Site, U.S.

SOURCE:       IBP Grassland Biome Study Technical Report 87. Colorado
              State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 63 p. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        The trophic relations of Bison bison to the shortgrass plains.

SOURCE:       Ph.D. Diss., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Botanical composition of bison diets on shortgrass plains.

SOURCE:       Am. Midl. Nat. 96:225-229.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G., G.M. Van Dyne, R.W. Rice, and R.M. Hansen.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        The trophic ecology of Bison bison L. on shortgrass plains.

SOURCE:       J. Appl. Ecology. 11:489-498

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peek, J.M., D.G. Miquelle, and R.G. Wright. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Are bison exotic in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park
              and Preserve?

SOURCE:       Environ. Manage. 11:149-153.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peters, H.F.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1958

TITLE:        A feedlot study of bison and cattle and Hereford calves.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Ani. Sci. 38:87-90.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peters, H.F. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1966

TITLE:        Range calf production of cattle, bison, cattalo, and Hereford 
              cows.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Ani. Sci. 46:157-164.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Plumb, G.E.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Foraging ecology of bison and cattle on a northern mixed 
              prairie.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Plumb, G.E. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1992

TITLE:        Analysis of linear programming models of ungulate foraging.

SOURCE:       pp. 183-184. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91Proceedings. (F. Spitz, 
              G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.-
              I.R.G.M. Paris Toulouse, France.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Polley, H.W. and S.L. Collins. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Relationships of vegetation and environment in buffalo 
          wallows.

SOURCE:       Amer. Midl. Nat. 112:178 186.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Popp, J.K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Range ecology of bison on mixed grass prairie at Wind 
              Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Iowa State Univ. Ames, Iowa. 59 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ravendal, D.V. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Interspecific nutritional facilitation: Do bison benefit from 
              feeding on prairie dog towns?

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. 
              44 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Bison diets of Slave River Lowlands, Canada.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, 
              CO. 66pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W., R.M. Hansen, and D.G. Peden. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Diets of the Slave River Lowland bison herd, Northwest 
          Territories, Canada.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 42:581-590.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W. and D.G. Peden. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Vegetation, bison diets, and snow cover.

SOURCE:       pp. 39-44. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl.
              Ser. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W., R.D. Glaholt, and A.W.L. Hawley. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the 
              Slave River Lowlands.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Paper. No. 63. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rice, R.W., R.E. Dean and J.E. Ellis.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974a

TITLE:        Bison, cattle, and sheep dietary quality and food intake.

SOURCE:       Proc., West. Sect., Am. Soc. of Ani. Sci. 25:194-197.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rice, R.W., R.E. Dean and J.E. Ellis. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974b

TITLE:        Bison, cattle, and sheep dietary quality and food intake.

SOURCE:       J. Ani. Sci. 38:1332.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rice, R.W., J.G. Nagy, and D.G. Peden. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Functional interaction of large herbivores on grasslands.

SOURCE:       pp. 241-265. IN: Analysis of Structure and Function of
              Grasslands: A Preliminary Report. (N.R. Frency, ed.). Range 
          Sci. Dept. Sci. Ser. No. 10. Colorado State Univ., Fort 
              Collins.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Richmond, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Christopherson.
      
PUBL. YEAR:   1977a

TITLE:        Comparison of forage intake and digestibility by American 
              bison, yak, and cattle.

SOURCE:       55th Annual Feeder's Day Rep. Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. 55:
              49-50.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Richmond, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Christopherson.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1977b

TITLE:        Comparison of forage intake and digestibility by American 
          bison, yak, and cattle.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 22:225-230.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Roe, F.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        The North American buffalo: A critical study of the species 
          in its wild state.

SOURCE:       2nd ed. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 957 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rupp, G.P. and E.O. Keith.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Rumen fistulae in bison.

SOURCE:       IN: "Today's Research-Tommorow's Colorado." Proc. 89th Ann. 
          Res. Conf. Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rutberg, A.T. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        The impact of aggression on feeding efficiency during grazing.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 23:935.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Schaefer, A.L., B.A. Young, and A.M. Chimwano. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Ration digestion and retention times of digesta in domestic 
              cattle (Bos taurus), American bison (Bison bison), and 
              Tibetian yak (Bos grunniens).

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 56:2355-2358.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Schwartz, C.C., J.G. Nagy, and R.W. Rice. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Pronghorn dietary quality relative to forage availability and 
              other ruminants in Colorado.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 41:161-168.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Schwartz, C.C. and J.E. Ellis.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and 
              domestic ungulates on shortgrass prairie.

SOURCE:       J. Appl. Ecol. 18:343-353.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shaw, G.G. and H.W. Reynolds. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Selenium concentrations in forages of a northern herbivore.

SOURCE:       Arctic 38:61-64.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shaw, J.H. and T.S. Carter. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Bison movements in relation to fire and seasonality.

SOURCE:       Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:426-430.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shull, A.M. and A.R. Tipton. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Effective population size of bison on the Wichita Mountains 
              Wildlife Refuge.

SOURCE:       Cons. Biol. 1:35-41

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Solowski, A.W.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Restoring the bison's habitat in Bialoweiza.

SOURCE:       Ambio 12:197-202.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Soper, J.D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1941

TITLE:        History, range, and home life of the northern bison.

SOURCE:       Ecol. Mon. 11:347-412.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Sparks, K.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        Grazing behavior of bison and cattle on a shortgrass prairie.

SOURCE:       U.S. Inter. Biol. Pro., Grassland Biome, Tech. Rep. #149., 
              Nat. Res. Ecol. Lab., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Steuter, A.A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Restoring a mixed prairie process: the fire-bison grazing 
              interaction.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 69:308.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stueter, A.A., C.E. Grygeil, and M.E. Biondini. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        A synthesis approach to research and management planning: The 
          conceptual development and implementation.

SOURCE:       Nat. Areas J. 10:61-68.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and G.W. Scotter. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Potential for game ranching in boreal aspen forests of western 
              Canada.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 27:427-432.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and A. Cairns. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Bison-wapiti interrelationships in Elk Island National Park, 
              Alberta.

SOURCE:       pp. 114-121. IN: North American Elk: Ecology, Behavior, and 
              Management. (M.S. Boyce and L.D. Hayden-Wing, eds.) Univ. Wyo. 
              Laramie, WY.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and J.P. Kelsall. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Studies of morphological parameters affecting ungulate 
              location in snow.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 57:2153-2159.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and J.P. Kelsall. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Adaptation of some large North American mammals for survival 
              in snow.

SOURCE:       Ecology 65:1828-1834.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and A. Cairns. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:         Resource use by moose versus sympatric deer, wapiti, 
               and bison.

SOURCE:       Alces 22:114-137.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial comparison 
              between bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Kansas State Univ. 136 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G., T.G. Nagaraja, R.C. Cochran, D.L. Harmon, C.E. 
              Owensby, and D.W. Kaufman.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Comparison of ruminal fermentation characteristics and
              microbial population in bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2510-2514.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G., T.G. Nagaraja, and K.K. Kemp. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Ruminal ciliated protozoa in bison.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2733-2736.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G., Nagaraja, T.G., and R.C. Cochran. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Ruminal microbial populations and fermentation characteristics 
              in bison and cattle fed high- and low-quality forage.

SOURCE:       Microb. Ecol. 17:311-316. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G. and T.G. Nagaraja.

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Occurrence and diurnal population fluctuations of the ruminal
              protozoan Microcetus lappus.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:91-94.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G. and T.G. Nagaraja. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Omasal ciliated protozoa in cattle, bison, and sheep.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:409-412.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Turner, M.G., W.R. Romme, and L.L. Wallace. 

PUBL. YEAR:   ----

TITLE:        Simulation of winter foraging by large ungulates in a
              heterogeneous landscape.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 71:349-350.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Urness, P.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Why did bison fail west of the Rockies?

SOURCE:       Utah Sci. 50:174-179.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Camp, J.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Snow conditions and the winter feeding behavior of Bison bison 
              in Elk Island National Park.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Serv. Unpubl. Rep. No. CWS(WR)-55-75. 91 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Camp, J. and G.W. Calef.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Population dynamics of bison. 

SOURCE:       pp. 21-24. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. 
              Ser. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Ecology and behavior of bison in the Henry Mountains, Utah.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Comparitive ecology of bison and cattle in the Henry Mountains, 
          Utah.

SOURCE:       pp. 449-457. IN: Proceedings of the wildlife-livestock 
              relationships symposium. April 20-22,1981. (L. Nelson and
              J.M. Peek, eds.) For., Wildl. & Range Exp. Sta., Univ. Idaho. 
              Coeur d'Alene, ID. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Group dynamics and summer home range of bison in southern Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 64:329-339.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Summer diets of bison and cattle in southern Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 37:260-261

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Diets of bison and cattle on a seeded range in southern Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 36:499-500.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Population dynamics of bison in the Henry Mountains, Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 67:503-511.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Vanderhye, A.V.R. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Interspecific nutritional facilitation: do bison benefit from 
              feeding on prarie dogtowns?

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 
              44 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Vanderhye, A.V.R., D.M. Swift, and J.K Detling. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Interspecific nutritional facilitation at Wind Cave National 
              Park: do bison benefit from feeding on prairie dog colonies?

SOURCE:       Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:88.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Varel, V.H. and B.A. Dehority. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Ruminal cellulytic bacteria and protozoa from bison, cattle-
              bison hybrids, and cattle fed three alfalfa-corn diets.

SOURCE:       Appl. Env. Microbiol. 55:148-153.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Vinton, M.A. and D.C. Hartnett. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Grazed patch and wallow formation by bison and initial plant 
              responses on tallgrass prairie.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 70:287.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Waggoner, V. and M. Hinkes. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Summer and fall browse utilization by an Alaskan bison herd.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 50:322-324.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wallace, L.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Grazing and nutrient movement by bison in a mixed grass 
              prairie ecosystem.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 66:289.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wallace, L.L.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Mycorrhizas in grasslands: interactions of ungulates, fungi, 
              and drought.

SOURCE:       New Phytologist. 105:619-632.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Whicker, A.D. and J.K. Detling. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Modification of vegetation structure and ecosystem processes 
          by North American grassland mammals.

SOURCE:       pp. 301-316. IN: Plant form and vegetation structure. 
              (M.J.A. Werger, P.J.M. van der Aart, H.J. During, and J.T.A.
              Verhoeven, eds.). SPB Academic Publ. The Hague, Netherlands.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Whicker, A.D. and J.K. Detling. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Ecological consequences of prairie dog disturbances.

SOURCE:       Bioscience 38:778-785.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Williams, G.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Simulation modeling of big game at Wichita Mountains Wildlife 
              Refuge.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 
              242 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wydeven, A.P. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Food habits and ecological relationships of elk to other 
              herbivores in Wind Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis., Iowa State Univ. Ames.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wydeven, A.P. and R.B. Dahlgren. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Ungulate habitat relationships in Wind Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 49:805-813.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Young, B.A., A. Schaefer, and A. Chimwano. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Digestive capacities of cattle, bison, and yak.

SOURCE:       pp. 31-34. IN: 56th Ann. Feeders' Day Rep., Univ. Alberta,
              Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Armstong, G.G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        An examination of cementum of the teeth of bovidae with 
              special reference to its use in age determination.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Alberta, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Armstong, G.G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1967

TITLE:        Aging bison by tooth succession.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report. Alberta Fish and Wildl. Div., Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Asdell, S.A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Patterns of mammalian reproduction.

SOURCE:       2nd ed. Comstock Publ. Co. Ithaca, N.Y. 670 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Berger, J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Reproductive ecology and genetics of bison at Badlands National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 58. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., 
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Berger, J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Female reproductive potential and its apparent evaluation in 
              male mammals.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 70:347-358.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Berger, J. and M. Peacock. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Variability in size-weight relationships of Bison bison.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 69:618-624.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Blood, D.A.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1963

TITLE:        Structure of confined bison herds with regard to prevention of 
              excessive inbreeding.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bowser, G.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        The assessment of winter ungulate condition through behavioral 
              and condition analysis in Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 29:4.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Braend, M. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1963

TITLE:        Haemoglobin and transferin types in the American buffalo.

SOURCE:       Nature 197:910-911.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Christopherson, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Richmond.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Feed intake, metabolism, and thermal insulation of bison, yak, 
              Scottish Highland and Hereford calves during winter.

SOURCE:       55th Annual Feeder's Day Rep., Alberta Univ., Dept. Anim. Sci. 
              55:51-52.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Christopherson, R.J. and R.J. Hudson. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Effect of temperature and wind on cattle and bison.

SOURCE:       57th Annual Feeder's Day Rep., Alberta Univ., Dept. Anim. Sci. 
              57:40-41.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Christopherson, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Richmond.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Comparitive winter bioenergetics of American bison, yak, 
              Scottish Highland and Hereford calves.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 23:49-54.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Christopherson, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and M.K. Christopherson. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Seasonal energy expenditures and thermoregulatory responses 
              of bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Anim. Sci. 59:611-617.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Clemens, E.T., K.L. Meyer, M.P. Carlson, and N.R. Schnieder. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Hematology, blood chemistry, and selenium values of captive 
              pronghorn antelope, white-tailed deer, and American bison.

SOURCE:       Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 87:167-170.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cooper, S. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Bison natality rate and calf survival studies, fall 1975, 
              Wood Buffalo National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dickinson, C.E. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Carcass characteristics of a bison steer (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       International Biological Programme. Grassland Biome. Tech. 
              Rep. no. 302. Fort Collins: Natural Resource Ecology 
              Laboratory, Colorado State University. 

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dorn, C.G., W.B. Foxworth, P.D. Butler, G.C. Olsen, B.A. 
              Wolfe, D.S. Davis, T.R. Simpson, and D.C. Kraemer.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Superovulation and embryo recovery in the American bison 
              (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Theriogenology 33:217.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Drozdz, A., J. Weiner, Z. Gebczynska, and M. Krasinska.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Some bioenergentic parameters of wild ruminants.

SOURCE:       Pol. Ecol. Stud. 1:51-60.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Evans, L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Comparison of fatty acids from the lipid classes of serum 
              lipoproteins and other lipids in the bison.

SOURCE:       J. Dairy Sci. 47:46-53.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Frison, G.C. and C.A. Reher. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        Age determination of buffalo by teeth eruption and wear.

SOURCE:       Plains Anthropol. 15:46-50.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1954

TITLE:        The first premolar and the canine tooth in bison.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 35:454-456.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1955

TITLE:        Fertility of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada.

SOURCE:       pp. 52-63. IN: Proceedings, Alaska Science Conference. 
              Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1959

TITLE:        The horns and teeth as indicators of age in bison.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 23:342-344.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gill, J.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Physiological indices of adaptation of European bison to some 
              environmental factors.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:67.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gill, J.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Seasonal changes in the red blood cell system in the European 
              bison, Bison bonasus L. 

SOURCE:       Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. 92:291-298.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gill, J.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Levels of T4, T3 and cortisol in the blood serum of the 
              European bison (Bison bonasus) in the winter period.

SOURCE:       Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Comp. Physiol. 93:567-569. 

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gill, J.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Seasonal cyclicity in carbohydrate metabolism parameters in the 
              European bison, Bison bonasusn L. 

SOURCE:       Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 96:435-439.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gill, J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1992

TITLE:        Some indices of the European bison metabolism and their 
              dependence on environmental factors.

SOURCE:       pp. 159-162. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91 Proceedings. (F. Spitz, 
              G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.-
              I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gizejewski, Z., M. Skowron, and M. Snochowski. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1992

TITLE:        Ultrasonographic control of ovulatory time in female hybrids 
              of European bison and domestic cattle after oestrussynchroni-
              zation.

SOURCE:       pp. 569-571. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91Proceedings. (F. Spitz, 
              G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.-
              I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gordon, I.F. and A.W. Illius.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants.

SOURCE:       Functional Ecology. 2:15-22.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Reproductive effort and associated costs in bison (Bison bison): 
              do older mothers try harder?

SOURCE:       Behav. Ecol. 1:148-160.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, W.C.H. and A. Rothstein. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Trade-offs between growth and reproduction in female bison.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 86:521-527.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gunderson, H.L. and B.R. Mahan. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Analysis of sonograms of American bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 61:379-381. 

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Haines, H., H.G. Chichester, and H.I. Landreth. 
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Blood respiratory properties of Bison bison.

SOURCE:       Respir. Physiol. 30:305-310.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Halloran, A.F. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1957

TITLE:        Live and dressed weights of American bison.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 38:139.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Halloran, A.F. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1961

TITLE:        American bison weights and measurements from the Wichita 
              Mountains Wildlife Refuge.

SOURCE:       Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. 41:212-218.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Halloran, A.F. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1968

TITLE:        Bison (Bovidae) productivity on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife 
              Refuge, Oklahoma.

SOURCE:       Southwest Nat. 13:23-26.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Harper, J.W. and J.D. Maser. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        A macroscopic study of the brain of Bison bison bison, the 
              American plains buffalo.

SOURCE:       Anat. Rec. 184:187-201.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Haugen, A.0. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Reproduction in the plains bison.

SOURCE:       Iowa State J. Res. 49:1-8. 

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Carcass characteristics of bison (Bison bison) steers.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Anim. Sci. 66:293-295.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Identifying bison ration groups by mulivariate analysis of 
              blood composition.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 51:893-900.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. and D.G. Peden.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Effects of ration, season and animal handling on composition 
              of bison and cattle blood.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 18:321-338.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Haynes, G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Tooth wear in northern bison.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 65:487 491

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Body size, energetics, and adaptive radiation.

SOURCE:       pp. 1-24. IN: Bioenergetics of wild herbivores. (R.J. Hudson 
              and R.G. White, eds.) CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J. and R.G. White. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Computer simulation of energy budgets.

SOURCE:       pp. 261-290. IN: Bioenergetics of wild herbivores. (R.J. 
              Hudson and R.G. White, eds.). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Keith, E.O. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Urea metabolism of North American bison.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Keith, E.O., J.E. Ellis, R.W. Phillips, and M.M. Benjamin.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Seralogic and hematoligic values of bison in Colorado.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 14:493-500.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Keith, E.O., J.E. Ellis, R.W. Phillips, M.I. Dyer, and G.M.
              Ward. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Some aspects of urea metabolism in North American bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 26:257-268.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kelsall, J.P., E.S. Telfer, and M.C.S. Kingsley. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Relationship of bison weight to chest girth.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 42:659-661.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kelsall, J.P., E.S. Telfer, and K. Simpson. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Indirect determination of ungulate foot area.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 58:464-466.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kholodova, M.V. and I.P. Belousova. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Consumption and assimilation of nutrient substances and 
              energy by Bison bonasus.

SOURCE:       Zool. Zh. 68:107-117.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kingsley, M.C.S.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Analysis of bison marrow fat data, Wood Buffalo National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpublished Report. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Knox, K.L., D. Wesley, J.C. Crownova, and J. Nagy. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Comparitive energy metabolism of American ungulates.

SOURCE:       pp. 229. IN: Proc. Symp. Energy Metab. Farm Animals, Vol. 14. 
              (H. Hohenheim, ed.) European Assoc. of Ani. Prod., Wageningen.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kobryn, H.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        Thorax in European bison and other ruminants.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 18:313-341.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kobryn, H.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Morphology of the thymus in the European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 20:161-164.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kobrynczuk, F. and H. Kobryn.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Growth rate of bones in the post-embryonic development of the
              European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Tleriol. 20:151-159.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Leary. T.R. 

PUBL. YEAR:   ----

TITLE:        A staining procedure for cattle and bison carbonic anhydrase 
              using fluorescein diacetate.

SOURCE:       Anim. Blood Groups Biochem. Genet. 9:65-67.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       MacNeil, J.D., J.R. Patterson, A.C. Feeser, and Stacy V.
              Tessaro. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Persistant organochlorine residues in game-ranched bison in 
              Saskatchewan, Canada.

SOURCE:       Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 46:300-304.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Marler, R.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Some hematoligic and blood chemistry values in two herds of 
              American bison in Kansas.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 11:97 100.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meher, C.F.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Some hematologic values of bison from five areas of the United 
              States.

SOURCE:       J. Widl. Dis. 12:7-13.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Novakowski, N.S. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1962

TITLE:        Growth and osteological comparisons of Plains bison, Wood 
              bison, and possible hybrids.

SOURCE:       Unpubl report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton 

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Novakowski, N.S.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        Cemental deposition as an age criterion in bison, and the 
              relation of incisor wear, eyelens weight, and dressed bison 
              carcass weight to age.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 43:173-178.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peters, H.F. and S.B. Slen. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Hair coat characteristics of bison, domestic x bison hybrids, 
              cattalo, and certain domestic breeds of cattle.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Ani. Sci. 44:48-57.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pytel. S, Krasinska, M., and Wegrzyn, M. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Morpholgy of the spleen in the European bison and its hybrids 
              with domestic cattle.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 22:141-149.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pytel, S., M. Wegrzyn, and F. Kobrynczuk. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Abnormal development of the cuadal vena cava in European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 33:361-365.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rutberg, A.T.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1986a

TITLE:        Lactation and fetal sex ratios in American bison.

SOURCE:       Am. Nat. 127:89-94.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rutberg, A.T. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986b

TITLE:        Dominance and its fitness consequences in American bison cows.

SOURCE:       Behaviour 96:62-91

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Satterfield, W.C. and K. O'Rourke.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Rapid serum tests or adequate transfer of colostral antibody 
              in neonate non domestic bovids: banteg (Bos banteng); yak 
              (Bos mutus); American bison (Bison bison): Congo buffalo 
              (Syncerus caffer).

SOURCE:       J. Zoo Anim. Med. 12:31-33.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shackelton, D.M., L.V. Hills, and D.A. Hutton. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Aspects of variation in cranial characters of plains bison 
              (Bison bison bison Linnaeus) from Elk Island National Park, 
              Alberta.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 56:871-887.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Sikarskie, J.G. T.W. Schillhorn van Veen, G. van Selm, and 
              M.D. Kock.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Comparitive blood characteristics of ranched and free-ranging 
              American bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       Am. J. Vet. Res. 51:955-957.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Steklenev, E.P. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Reproductive activity of North American bison (Bison bison L.) 
              in the southern Ukraine, and prospects for the utilization 
              of the species. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya.

SOURCE:       Biologiya. 6:104-110. (Russian and English).

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Szteyn, S. and A. Krawczuk-Robak. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Structure and topgraphy of dorsal funniculus nuclei in 
              European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 33:580-584.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tsugawa, A., K. Mahon, and S.J. Kleinschuser. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        The serum profile of Bison bison.

SOURCE:       J. Colo./Wyo. Acad. Sci. 7:47-48.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Abnormal dentition in the American bison, Bison bison.

SOURCE:       Can. Field Nat. 98:366-367.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wilber, C.G. and T.W. Gorski.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1955

TITLE:        The lipids in Bison bison.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 36:305-308.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Winchell, J.R.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1963

TITLE:        Age criteria for American bison.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Mont., Missoula.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Witkowska, A. and T. Kotik. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Concentrations of creatine, creatiinine, and phosphorus in 
              skeletal muscles of the European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 32:219-228.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wolk, E. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        The hematology of the free-ranging European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 28:73-82.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wolk, E. and E. Jozefczak. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Serum proteins of the free-ranging European bison.

SOURCE:       Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 9:597-600.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zaugg, J.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Surgical removal of the spleen in American bison.

SOURCE:       J. Zool Anim. Med. 15:150-152.

CATEGORY:     Growth and Bioenergentics
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Amborski, G.F., J. Storz, D. Keney, L. Lo, and A.E. McChesney.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Isolation of a retrovirus from the American bison and its 
              relation to bovine retroviruses.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 23:7-11.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Armstrong, J.B., et al. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Report of the committee on brucellosis: A case history of a 
              brucellosis outbreak in a brucellosis free state which 
              originated in bison.

SOURCE:       Proc. U.S. Ani. Health Assoc. 87:171-172.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Barmore, W.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1968

TITLE:        Bison and brucellosis in Yellowstone National Park: a problem 
              analysis.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Manscpt. Yell. Nat. Park Libr. Mammoth, WY. 73 pp.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Boddicker, M.L. and E.J. Hugghins. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1969

TITLE:        Helminths of big game mammals in South Dakota.

SOURCE:       J. Parisitol. 55:1067- 1074.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Broughton, E. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Diseases affecting bison. 

SOURCE:       pp. 34-38. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.).Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Pap. 63.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Burger, J.F. and J.R. Anderson. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        Association of the face fly, Musca autumnalis, with bison in 
              western North America.

SOURCE:       Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 63:635-639.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cameron, A.E. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1923

TITLE:        Notes on buffalo: anatomy, pathological conditions, and 
              parasites.

SOURCE:       Br. Vet. J. 79:331-336. 

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cameron, A.E. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1924

TITLE:        Some further notes on buffalo.

SOURCE:       Br. Vet. J. 80:413-417.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Chengappa, M.M. and G.R. Carter. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Demonstration of bacteriocin activity in bovine and bison 
              strains of Pasteurella multocida.

SOURCE:       Am. J. Vet. Res. 38:1183-1185.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Choquette, L.P.E., J.F. Gallivan, J.L. Byrne, and J. 
              Pilipavicus. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1961

TITLE:        Parasites and diseases of bison in Canada. I. Tuberculosis 
              and some other pathological conditions in bison at Wood 
              Buffalo and Elk Island National Parks in the fall and winter 
              of 1959-1960.

SOURCE:       Can. Vet. J. 2:168-174.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Choquette, L.P.E., E. Broughton, A.A. Currier, J.G. Cousineau, 
              and N.S. Novakowski.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        Parasites and diseases of bison in Canada. III. Anthrax out-
              breaks in the last decade in northern Canada and control 
              measures.

SOURCE:       Can. Field. Nat. 86:127-132.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Choquette, E. Broughton, J.G. Cousineau, and N.S. Novakowski. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Parasites and diseases of bison in Canada. IV. Serologic survey 
          for brucellosis in bison in northern Canada.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Wildl. Dis. 14:329-332.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Choudary, C., B. Narasimhaswarny, V. Shivasankar, M.R.
              Krishnamohan Rao, and J.H. Das.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Hydatdosis in lungs and liver of an American bison (Bison
              bison).

SOURCE:       Indian Vet. J. 64:713-714.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Corner, A.H. and R. Connell.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1958

TITLE:        Brucellosis in bison, elk, and moose in Elk Island National 
              Park, Alberta, Canada.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Comp. Med. Vet. Sci. 22:9-20.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cousineau, J.G. and R.J. McClenaghan. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        Anthrax in bison in the Northwest Territories.

SOURCE:       Can. Vet. J. 6:22-24.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cram, E.B.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1925

TITLE:        Cooperia bisonis, a new nematode from the buffalo.

SOURCE:       J. Agric. Res. 30:571-573.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Davis, D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Experimental infection of bison with Brucella abortus.

SOURCE:       pp. 67. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., 
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Davis, D.S. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Brucellosis in wildlife.

SOURCE:       pp. 321-334. IN: Animal brucellosis. (Nielsen, K and Duncan, 
              J.R., eds.). CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, FL. USA. I 

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Davis, D., J.W. Templeton, T.A. Ficht, J.D. Williams, J.D.
              Kopec and L.G. Adams. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Burcella abortus in captive bison. I. Serology, bacteriology, 
              pathogenesis, and transmission to cattle.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 26:360-371

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dikmans, G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1934

TITLE:        New records of helminth parasites.

SOURCE:       Proc. Helminth. Soc. Washington. 1:63-64.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dikmans, G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1939

TITLE:        Helminth parasites of North American semidomesticated and 
              wild ruminants.

SOURCE:       Proc. Melminth Soc. Washinton. 6:97-101.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Drummond, R.O. and J.G. Medley. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Occurence of Speleognathus australis Womersley (Acarina:
              Speleognathidae) in the nasal passages of bison.

SOURCE:       J. Parisitol. 50:655.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dubey, J.P.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Sarcocystosis in neonatal bison fed sarcocystis cruzi 
              sporocysts derived from cattle.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181:1272-1274.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dubey, J.P. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Experimental infection of a bison with toxoplasma gondii 
              oocysts.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 19:148-149.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dubey, J.P.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Serologic prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle, sheep, goats, 
              pigs, bison, and elk in Montana.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 186:969-970.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Essey, M.A. and C.D. Stumpff. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Report on the bovine tuberculosis outbreak in bison in the 
              United States.

SOURCE:       Proc. U.S. Animal Health Assoc. 89: 450-457.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fayer, R., J.P. Dubney, and R.G. Leek. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Infectivity of Sarcosystis spp. from bison, elk, moose, and 
              cattle for cattle via sporsysts from coyotes.

SOURCE:       J. Parisitol. 68:681-685.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Forbes, L.B. and T.B. Steele.
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        An outbreak of Brucella abortus biovar 2 in Canadian cattle. 

SOURCE:       Can. Vet. J. 30:888-893.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Frick, E.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1951

TITLE:        Parasitism in bison.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 119:386-387.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gadberry, J.L. and N.G. Miller. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Characterization of a Pasteurella multocida bacteriophage 
              [isolated from a bison].

SOURCE:       Am. J. Vet. Res. 39:1565-1566.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, B. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Water hemlock poisoning of cattle and bison.

SOURCE:       Alberta Nat. 18:106-107.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, R.S. and J.R. Saunders. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Aspects of the epidemiology of anthrax in Wood Buffalo 
              National Park and environs.

SOURCE:       Can. Vet. J. 30:953-956.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gates, C.C., D.A. Melton, and R. McLeod. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1992

TITLE:        Cattle diseases in northern Canadian bison: a complex 
              management issue.

SOURCE:       pp.547-550. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91 Proceedings. (F. Spitz,
              G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.-
              I.R.G.M. Paris Toulouse, France.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Glover, S.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Endoparisitism in wild ruminants on a Wisconsin game farm.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis, Univ. Wis., Stevens Point. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gregory, D.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Outbreaks of livestock diseases in wildlife [Canada, with 
              emphasis on brucellosis, tuberculosis and anthrax in bison].

SOURCE:       Communication, Food Production and Inspection Branch, 
              Agriculture Canada. No. 38, 15-20.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hadwen, S. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1942

TITLE:        Tuberculosis in the buffalo.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 100:19-22.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Heddleston, K.L. and G. Wessman. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        Vaccination of American bison against pasturella multocida
              serotype 2 infection (Hemorrhagic septicima).

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 9:306-310.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kita, J. and K. Anusz.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Serologic survey for bovine pathogens in free-ranging European 
              bison from Poland.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 27:16-20.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kingston, N., E.T. Thorne, G.M.Thomas, L. McHolland, and M.S. 
              Trueblood.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Further studies on trypanosomes in game animals in Wyoming, II.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 17:539-546.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kingston, N., Thomas, G., McHolland, L., Williams, E.S., 
              Trueblood, M.S., and L. Maki. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Experimental transmission of Trypanosoma theileri to bison.

SOURCE:       Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 53:198-203.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kohls, G.M. and N.J. Kramis. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1952

TITLE:        Tick paralysis in the American buffalo Bison bison (Linn.).

SOURCE:       Northwest Sci. 26:61-64.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Liggit, H.D., A.E. McChesney, and J.C. DeMartini. 
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Experimental transmission of bovine malignant catarrhal fever 
              to a bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 16:299-304.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Locker, B.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1953

TITLE:        Parasites of bison in northwestern, U.S.A.

SOURCE:       J. Parisitol. 39:396-397.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McCorquodale, S.M. and R.F. DiGiacomo. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        The role of wild North American ungulates in the epidemiol-
              ogy of bovine brucellosis: a review.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Disease 21:351-357.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McNary, D.C.   

PUBL. YEAR:   1948

TITLE:        Anthrax in American bison.

SOURCE:       "Bos bison L." J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 112:378.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McNeil, J.D., Patterson, J.R., Fesser, A.C., Salisbury, C.D., 
              Tessaro, S.V., and C. Gates.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Trace metal and persistent organochlorine levels in wood 
              bison (Bison bison athabascae) from the Mackenzie Bison
              Sanctuary.

SOURCE:       Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 30:145-153.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1966

TITLE:        Lungworm (Dictyocaulus sp.) in bison of Yellowstone National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Manscpt. Yell. Nat. Park Libr., Mammoth, WY. 8 pp.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        The Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior, 
              brucellosis, and the farmer.

SOURCE:       Bioscience 32:311-312. 

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Nagi, A.M. and L.A. Babiuk. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Isolation, characterization, and in vitro mitogenic 
              stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from an American 
              buffalo.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Vet. Res. 53:493-496.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Novakowski, N.S., J.G. Cousinaeu, G.B. Kolenosky, G.S. Wilton, 
              and L.P.E. Choquette. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1963

TITLE:        Parasites and diseases of bison in Canada. II. Anthrax epizootic 
              in the Northwest Territories. 

SOURCE:       pp. 233-239. IN: Trans. 28th North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resour. 
              Conf. 551 pp.  

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Novakowski, N.S. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        The effect of disease syndromes on the ecology of the bison 
              in Wood Buffalo National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Olson, A.E., H.B. Peterson, and J.L. Shupe. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Chronic flouride toxicosis in wildlife in Yellowstone 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Proc. Sci. Natl. Parks. 12:184.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pond, D.B. and C.A. Speer. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Sarcocystis in free-ranging herbivores on the National Bison 
              Range.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 15:51 53.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peterson, K.J. and T.O. Roby. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Absence of anaplasma marginale infection in American bison 
              raised in an anaplasmosis endemic area.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 11:395-397.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peterson, M.J., W.E. Grant, and D.S. Davis. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Bison brucellosis management: simulation of alternative
              strategies.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 55:205-213

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Redhead, B. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        The management of brucellosis and tubercullosis in bison in 
              Wood Buffalo National Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 62-64. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. 
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.  

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Roudabush, R.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1936

TITLE:        Arthropod and helminth parasites of the American bison (Bison 
              bison).

SOURCE:       J. Parisitol. 22:517-518.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rush, W.M.   

PUBL. YEAR:   1932

TITLE:        Bang's disease in Yellowstone National Park buffalo and elk 
              herds.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 13:371-372.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ruth, G.R., D.E. Reed, C.A. Daley, M.W. Vorhies, K. 
              Wohlgemuth, and S. Hazel. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Malignant catarrhal fever in bison.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 171:913-917.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ryff, K.L. and R.C. Bergstrom.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Bovine coccidia in American bison.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 11:412-414.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shupe, J.L., A.E. Olson, H.B. Peterson, and J.B. Low.
         
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Fluoride toxicosis in wild ungulates.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 185:1295-1300.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stumpff, C.D., Essey, M.A., Person, D.H., and D. Thorpe.
         
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Epidemiologic study of Mycobacterium bovis in American bison.

SOURCE:       Proc. Annu. Meet. U.S. Anim. Health Assoc. 88: 564-570.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tessaro, S.V.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        The existing and potential importance of brucellosis and 
              tuberculosis in Canadian wildlife: a review.

SOURCE:       Can. Vet. J. 27:119-124.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tessaro, S.V.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Brucellosis and tuberculosis in bison in Wood Buffalo National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 61. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., 
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tessaro, S.V.   

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        A descriptive and epizootiologic study of brucellosis and 
              tuberculosis in bison in Northern Canada.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Saskatchewan.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tessaro, S.V.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Review of the diseases, parasites, and miscellaneous 
              pathological conditions of North American bison.

SOURCE:       Can. Vet. J. 30:416-422.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tessaro, S., L.B. Forbes, and C. Turcotte. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        A survey of brucellosis and tuberculosis in bison in and
              around Wood Buffalo National Park, Canada.

SOURCE:       Can. Vet. J. 31:174-180.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Thoen, C.O., K.J. Throlson, L.D. Miller, E.M. Himes and R.L. 
              Morgan.   

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Pathogenisis of Mycobacterium bovis infection in American 
              bison.

SOURCE:       Am. J. Vet. Res. 49:1861-1865.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Thorne, T.E., M.M. Meagher, and R. Hillman. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Brucellosis in free-ranging bison: three perspectives.

SOURCE:       pp. 275-288. IN: The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Redefing 
              America's Wilderness Heritage. (R.B. Keiter and M.S. Boyce, 
              eds.). Yale Univ. Press. 428 pp.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Throlson, K.   

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Recommended health care for managed bison herds.

SOURCE:       pp. 65. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc., 
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Todd, W.J. and J. Storz. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Morphogenisis of a cytomegalovirus from an American bison 
              affected with malignant catarrhal fever.

SOURCE:       J. Gen. Virol. 64:1025-1030.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tufts, N.R. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        Yellowstone bison brucellosis.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 163:4.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tunnicliff, E.A. and H. Marsh. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1935

TITLE:        Bang's disease in bison and elk in the Yellowstone National 
              Park and on the National Bison Range.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Med. Assoc. 39:745-752.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Vestweber, J.G., Merrill, G.L., Staats, J.J., and J. Veatch.
         
PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in bison 
              from Kansas.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 27:473-476.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wade, S.E., W.M. Haschek, and J.R. Georgi. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Ostertagiosis in captive bison in New York State: report of 
              nine cases.

SOURCE:       Cornell Vet. 69:198-205.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wallman, R. and J. Thompson. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        A review of malignant catarrhal fever and a case report in 
              bison.

SOURCE:       Iowa State Univ. Vet. 44:20 22.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Worley, D.E., R.E. Barret, and S.E. Knapp. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Hosts and distribution of Capallaria bovis (Shnyder 1906)
              in domestic and wild ruminants in northwestern United States.

SOURCE:       J. Parasitol. 66:695-696.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zarnke, R.L. and W.P. Taylor. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Urea poisoning in free-ranging Alaskan bison.

SOURCE:       J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 181:1417.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zarnke, R.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in Alaskan 
              wildlife.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 19:324-329. 

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zarnke, R.L., Calisher, C.H., and J. Kerschner.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Serologic evidence of arbovirus infections in humans and wild 
              animals in Alaska.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 19:175-179.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zarnke, R.L. and L.K. Schlater.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Abscesses in a free-ranging bison in Alaska.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 20:151-152.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zarnke, R.L. and G.A. Erickson. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Serum antibody prevalance of parainfluenza 3 virus in a free-
              ranging bison (Bison bison) herd from Alaska.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 26:416-419.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zaugg, J.L. and K.L. Kuttler.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Anaplasma marginale infections in American bison: experimental 
              infection and serologic study.

SOURCE:       Am. J. Vet. Res. 46:438-441.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zaugg, J.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Experimental anaplasmosis in American bison: persistence of 
              infections of anaplasma marginale and non susceptibility to 
              a ovis.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 22:169-172.

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Zaugg, J.L and KL Kuttler. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Experimental infections of Babesia bigemina in American bison.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 23:99-102. 

CATEGORY:     Diseases and Parasites
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Boyce, M.S. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Wolf recovery for Yellowstone National Park: A simulation model.

SOURCE:       pp. 3.3-3.58. IN: Vol. Il Research and Anlaysis. Wolves for 
              Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. (National 
              Park Service, eds.). Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, WY.  

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Boyce, M.S. and J.M. Gaillard. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Wolves in Yellowstone, Jackson Hole, and the North Fork.

SOURCE:       Final Report to Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, Wy.

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Carbyn, L.N. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Wolf predation and behavioral interactions with elk and other 
              ungulates in an area of high prey diversity.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Toronto, Toronto. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Carbyn, L.N. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Wolf predation and the decline of the bison in Wood Buffalo 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Abstr. from Alberta Chapter of the Wildlife Society, 2nd
              Annual Meeting. Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Carbyn, L.N. and T. Trottier.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Responses of bison on their calving grounds to predation by 
              wolves.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:36-37.

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Carbyn, L.N. and T. Trottier. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Responses of bison on their calving grounds to predation by 
              wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 65:2072-2078. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Carbyn, L.N. and T. Trottier. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Descriptions of wolf attacks on bison calves in Wood Buffalo 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Arctic. 41:297 302 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Carl, G.R. and C.T. Robbins.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        The energetic cost of predator avoidance in neonatal ungulates: 
              hiding versus following.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 66:239-246. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cole, J.E.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1954

TITLE:        Buffalo (Bison bison) killed by fire.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 35:453-454. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Green, G.I. and D.J. Mattson. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Dynamics of ungulate carcass availability and use by bears on 
              the northern winter range: 1987 progress report.

SOURCE:       pp. 32-50. IN: Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investigations, Report 
              of the Interagency Study Team. (R.R. Knight, B.M. Blanchard 
              and D.J. Mattson, eds.). U.S. D.I., N.P.S., Yellowstone National 
              Park Library, Mammoth, WY. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Haynes, G.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Utilization and skeletal disturbances of North American prey 
              carcasses.

SOURCE:       Arctic 35:266-281. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Henry, J. and D.J. Mattson.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Spring grizzly bear use of ungulate carcasses in the Firehole 
              River drainage: Third year progress report.

SOURCE:       pp. 51-59. IN: Yellowstone Grizzly Bear Investivations, Report 
              of the Interagency Study Team. (R.R. Knight, B.M. Blanchard 
              and D.J. Mattson, eds.). U.S. D.I., N.P.S., Yellowstone 
              National Park Library, Mammoth, WY.

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Jalkotzy, M.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Wolf-bison project Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T.

SOURCE:       Rep. Northwest Terr. Wildl. Serv. Yellowknife, N.W.T. 17 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Jalkotzy, P.S. and S.M. Oosenburg. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Summer food habits of wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park,
              Alberta, 1980.

SOURCE:       Alberta Nat. 12:157-167.  

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Oosenburg, S. and L.N. Carbyn. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Winter predation on bison and activity pattern of a pack of 
              wolves in Wood Buffalo National Park.
      
SOURCE:       pp. 43-53. IN: Wolves of the world: perspectives of their 
              behaviour, ecology, and conservation. (F. Harrington and P.
              Paquet, eds.). Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ. 474 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Oosenburg, S. and L.N. Carbyn. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Wolf predation on bison in Wood Buffalo National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report., Can. Wildl. Serv., Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Singer, F.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        The ungulate prey base for wolves in Yellowstone National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 2.3-2.28. IN: Vol. II Research and Anlaysis. Wolves for 
              Yellowstone? A report to the United States Congress. (National 
              Park Service, eds.). Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth, WY. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tempany, I.R.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Bison losses in the Peace-Athabasca Delta flood, April 25 to 
              May 5, 1974.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Camp, J.

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Predation on bison.

SOURCE:       pp. 25-33. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. 
              Ser. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Predation and Mortality
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Berger, J. and M.D. Kock. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Overwinter survival of Carfentinil-imobilized male bison.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 24:555-556. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bertwistle, J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Plains and Wood bison handling report.

SOURCE:       Unpublished report, Elk Island National Park, Alberta.

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fancy, S.G.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Reaction of bison to aerial surveys in Interior Alaska.

SOURCE:       Can. Field-Nat. 96:91. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1950

TITLE:        Aerial census of the northern bison in Wood Buffalo Park and 
              vicinity.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 14:445-451. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, B.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Aerial surveys of bison in the Peace-Athabaca delta.

SOURCE:       Alberta Nat. 18:105-106. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Halveson, T.G. and J.A. Teare. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Carfentanil and overwinter survival in bison: the alternative 
              hypothesis.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 25:448-450. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Haugen, A.0. and F.W. Fitch. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Immobilization of adult bull bison with etorphine.

SOURCE:       Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 83:67-70. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J. and T. Tennessen. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Observations on the behaviour and injuries incurred by bison 
              during capture and handling.

SOURCE:       Ani. Regulation Studies. 1:345-353. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J., T. Tennessen, and A. Sturko. 
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Behavioural and physiological reactions of bison to handling 
              during an anthrax vaccination program in Wood Buffalo National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       IN: Wood Buffalo National Park bison research 1972-1976 (J.G.
              Stelfox, compiler). Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.  

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kania, B.F. and J.K. Teuchmann. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        The use of etorphine hydrochloride (M99) as an immobilizing
              agent in the European bison (Bison bonasus L.).

SOURCE:       Zool. Pol. 25: 85-98. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kania, B.F., E. Suminski, and J. Kossakowski. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        An effective immobilizing agent for hybrids of European bison 
              and domestic cattle.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 30:435-444.  

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kock, M.D. and J. Berger. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Chemical immobiliation of free ranging North American bison 
              (Bison bison) in Badlands National Park, South Dakota.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Dis. 23:625-633. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krasinski, Z.A., K. Cabon-Raczynyska, and M. Krasinska.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Immobilizing and marking of the European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 27:181-190. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mageau, R.P., Cutrufelli, M.E., Schwab, B., and R.W. Johnston.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Development of an overnight rapid bovine identification test 
              (ORBIT) for field use.

SOURCE:       J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chemists. 67: 949-954. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mitat, J. and L Ezcurra.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Haemoglobins of Bison bonasus and Bos indicus hybrid.

SOURCE:       pp. 627-628. IN: Immunology of Reproduction Proceedings of 
              the International Symposium. Pub. 1973.  

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.G.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        An evaluation of winter aerial survey methods for determining 
              bison populations and distributions in Wood Buffalo National 
              Park, 18-20 Feburary 1975.

SOURCE:       Unpublished report. Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Freeze-branding bison for aerial identification, Wood Buffalo 
              National Park, June 13, 1975.

SOURCE:       Unpublished report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.  

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.G. and I. Tempany.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Aerial oblique photography at 600, 1200, 1800, and 2400 feet, 
              Wood Buffalo National Park, 27 August, 1975.

SOURCE:       Unpublished report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.  

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.G. and I. Tempany. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Aerial oblique photography for age: sex structure 
              identification of bison in Wood Buffalo National Park, 10-13 
              June, 1975.

SOURCE:       Unpublished report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.G. and M.C.S. Kingsley. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Statistical reliability of total bison counts.

SOURCE:       Section E: pp. 36-46. IN: Wood Buffalo National Park bison 
              research 1972-1976 (J.G. Stelfox, compiler). Canadian
              Wildlife Service, Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.G. and I. Tempany. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Aerial oblique photography for determining calf and yearling 
              components of bison herds in Wood Buffalo National Park, 26
              August, 1975.

SOURCE:       Unpublished report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.G., R.J. Hudson, and F.W. Onderka. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Techniques for marking, tagging and radio-collaring bison.

SOURCE:       Section G: pp. 15. IN: Wood Buffalo National Park bison 
              research 1972-1976 (J.G. Stelfox, compiler). Canadian 
              Wildlife Service, Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tempany, I. and S. Cooper. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Bison census and survey technique, Wood Buffalo National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpublished report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.  

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Tempany, I., J.G. Stelfox, and G.G. Lyster. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Reactions of bison to aircraft herding and surveys.

SOURCE:       IN: Wood Buffalo National Park bison research 1972-
              1976 (J.G. Stelfox, compiler). Canadian Wildlife Service, 
              Edmonton. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wentges, H. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Medicine administration by blowpipe.

SOURCE:       Vet. Rec. 97:281 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wolfe, M.L. and J.F. Kimball. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Comparison of bison population estimates with a total count.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 53:593-596. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Yazan, Y., T.P. Sipko, S.N. Kashtanov, and A.S. Nemtzew.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Analysis of Bison bonasus populations according to markers.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:217-218. 

CATEGORY:     Census and Capture Techniques
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Annonymous. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1944

TITLE:        Bison census and distribution. U.S. Geological Survey, Wash. 
              D.C.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Manuscript. Yellowstone National Park Library, 
              Mammoth. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Allison, L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        The status of bison on the Peace-Athabasca delta.

SOURCE:       pp. MI-M27. IN: Peace-Athabasca Delta Project Ecol. Invest. 
              and Tech. Appendixes.  Vol. 2. Information Canada, Ottawa. 
              551 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bagley, G.F. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1934

TITLE:        A suggested plan of management for the Yellowstone buffalo 
              herd.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. manuscript. Yellowstone National Park, Mammoth. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Banfield, A.W.F. and N.S. Novakowski. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1960

TITLE:        The survival of the Wood bison (Bison bison athabascae Rhoads)
              in the Northwest Territories.

SOURCE:       Natl. Mus. Can. Nat. Hist. Pap., #8.6pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Berlinski, D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Arizona public buffalo herds.

SOURCE:       pp. 18-20. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bianchi, D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Report on bison hunting in Montana north of Yellowstone 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 39. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bone, S.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Recent improvements in the Wind Cave National Park's bison 
              managment program.

SOURCE:       pp. 35-37. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bradybaugh, J.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Summary of bison managment in Theodore Roosevelt National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 29-33. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cahalane, V.H.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1944

TITLE:        Restoration of wild bison.

SOURCE:       Trans. N. Am. Wildl. Conf. 9:135-143. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Carbyn, L.N., D. Anions, and D. Huisman.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        A review of the status of bison in Wood Buffalo National
              Park.

SOURCE:       Project Report. Edmonton: Canadian Wildlife Service Report 
              and Canadian Parks Service. 235 p. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Choquette, L.P.E. and R.C. Stewart. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1959

TITLE:        Report on studies on bison in Canada, 1959.

SOURCE:       Rep. Can. Wildl. Ser. C.W.S.C. 852. Ottawa, Ont. 28 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dubois, S. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        History of bison in Alaska and the Delta bison herd.

SOURCE:       pp. 21. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. 
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ellis, R. and J. Sellers.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Bison management at Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge.

SOURCE:       pp. 24-26. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gates, C.C.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Status of bison in North America.

SOURCE:       pp. 4-6. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. and H.W. Reynolds. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Management alternatives for ungulate production in the Slave
              River Lowlands. 

SOURCE:       pp. 63 66. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl.
              Ser. 74 pp.  

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Jense, G.K.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Utah big game investigations and management recommendations.

SOURCE:       Utah Div. Wildl. Res., Publ. No. 81-4. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Jense, G.K.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Utah big game investigations and management recommendations.

SOURCE:       Utah Div. Wildl. Res., Publ. No. 84-2. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Johnson, M. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Blue Mounds State Park buffalo herd.

SOURCE:       pp. 27-28. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. 
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kittams, W.H.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1949

TITLE:        Preliminary report on Hayden Valley bison range.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. manuscript. Yellowstone National Park Library, 
              Mammoth. 8 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McCoy, W.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Report on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge bison herd.

SOURCE:       pp. 15-17. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. 
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist.
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Malcom, J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        The National Bison Range herd.

SOURCE:       pp. 38. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J.
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.  

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Yellowstone National Park bison status, 1987.

SOURCE:       pp. 12-13. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. 
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Nowlin, D.C. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1912

TITLE:        Report on wild buffalo and elk, Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Files #21-22 (Buffalo. 1909-1911 incl.) Yell. Nat. 
              Park Libr., Mammoth,WY. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Oldham, E.G.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1947

TITLE:        Buffalo count Wood Buffalo National Park, December 1946 and 
              January 1947.

SOURCE:       Parks Canada. Unpubl. report, 11p. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pucek, Z. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1992

TITLE:        Conservation strategy for European bison.

SOURCE:       pp.589-594. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91 Proceedings. (F. Spitz, 
              G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.-
              I.R.G.M. Paris-Toulouse, France. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        The Canadian Wildlife Service Wood bison recovery program.

SOURCE:       pp. 6-11. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. 
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist.
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Roelle, J.E. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Refuge management modeling: The National Bison Range.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D.Thesis. Colo. State Univ. 335 pp.

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Skinner, C.K.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1941

TITLE:        Special report on Yellowstone National Park bison.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Files #715-03. Yell. Nat. Park Libr., Mammoth, WY.

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Skinner, C.K. and W.B. Alcorn. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1942

TITLE:        History of bison in Yellowstone Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Manscpt. Yell. Nat. Park Libr., Mammoth, WY. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Soper, J.D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1945

TITLE:        Report on wildlife investigation in Wood Buffalo National 
              Park and vicinity, Alberta and N.W.T., Canada.

SOURCE:       Canadian Wildlife Service Report No. 252. Unpubl. ms. 71 p. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stapley, H.D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1969

TITLE:        Utah big game investigations and recommendations.

SOURCE:       Utah Div. Wildl. Res., Publ. No. 69-5. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stapley, H.D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Utah big game investigations and recommendations.

SOURCE:       Utah Div. Wildl. Res., Publ. No. 71-6. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Walker, R. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Buffalo herd managment in Custer State Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 22-23. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. 
              Malcom, ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. 
              Assoc., Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Young, M.A.R.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        The buffalo at Elk Island Park.

SOURCE:       Alberta Historical Review 13:26-28. 

CATEGORY:     Herd Status and Management
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Arthur, G.W. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        A buffalo round-up: a selected bibliography.

SOURCE:       Canadian plains bibliographies. Canadian Plains Research 
              Center, University of Regina, 153 p. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1966

TITLE:        The biology and management of the bison of Wood Buffalo 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Wildlife Management Bulletin No. 1. Canadian Wildlife
              Service, Edmonton.  

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Flores, D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Bison ecology and bison diplomacy: the southern plains from 
              1800 to 1850.

SOURCE:       J. Amer. History 78:465-485. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Garretson, M.S.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1938

TITLE:        The American bison.

SOURCE:       New York Zool.Soc. 254 pp. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Houston, D.B. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        The northern Yellowstone elk.

SOURCE:       McMillan Press. N.Y. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lowe, D.W., J.R. Mathews and CJ. Moseley, eds. 
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Wood bison, Bison bison athabascae.

SOURCE:       pp. 442- 443. IN: The official World Wildlife Fund guide to
              endangered species of North America.  

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McHugh, T. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        The time of the buffalo.

SOURCE:       Knopf Publ., NY. 339 pp. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Yellowstone's bison, a unique wild heritage.

SOURCE:       Natl. Parks and Conserv. Mag. 5:9-14. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Yellowstone's free-ranging bison.

SOURCE:       Naturalist. 36:20-27. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Bison bison.

SOURCE:       Mammalian Species Series 266. Am. Soc. Mammal. 8 pp. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Miller, G.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        The American bison, and initial bibliography.

SOURCE:       Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton. 89 pp. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W., R.D. Glaholt, and A.W.L. Hawley. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Bison (Bison bison).

SOURCE:       pp. 972-1007. IN: Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, 
              Management and Economics. (J.A. Chapman and G.A. Feldhammer,
              eds.). John Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore. 1,147 pp. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W., R.D. Glaholt, and A.W.L. Hawley. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the 
              Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Paper 63. Edmonton. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Roe, F.G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        The North American buffalo: A critical study of the species in 
              its wild state.

SOURCE:       2nd ed. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 957 pp. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Schullery, P. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Drawing the lines in Yellowstone: The American bison as a 
              symbol and scourge.

SOURCE:       Orion 5:33-43. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Seibert, F.V.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1925

TITLE:        Some notes on Canada's so-called Wood buffalo.

SOURCE:       Can. Field Nat. 39:204-206. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Seton, E.T. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1886

TITLE:        The Wood buffalo.

SOURCE:       Proc. Can. Inst., Toronto, Canada. 31:114-117. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Soper, J.D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1941

TITLE:        History, range, and home life of the Northern bison.

SOURCE:       Ecol. Mon. 11:347-412. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.B.   

PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Wood Buffalo National Park bison research, 1972-1976, 1976 
              Annual Report.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stelfox, J.B., L. Peleshok, and M.T. Nietfeld. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        A selected bibliography of research, management and biology 
              of Alberta's native ungulates.

SOURCE:       Alberta Environmental Centre, Vegreville, A.B. AECV92-B1. 
              110 pp. (available upon request from Wildlife Biology Branch, 
              Alberta Environmental Centre, Postal Bag 4000, Vegreville, 
              Alberta T9C 1T4). 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Walker, E.P., F. Warnick, S.E. Hamlet, K.I. Lange, M.A. Davis, 
              H.E. Uible, and P.F. Wright. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Genus: Bison.

SOURCE:       page 1433. IN: Vol. 2. Mammals of the World. 3rd ed. (1975). 
              2 vols. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. 1500 pp. 

CATEGORY:     General and Miscellaneous
----------------------------------------------------------------------------