Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: DATASET SOURCE:
        Dr. Richard E. Brock
        
        DATASET SOURCE INSTITUTION:
        Sea Grant
        University Of Hawaii at Manoa
        Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
        
        CONTRIBUTOR:
        Dr. Roger S. Fujioka
        Dr. Jamse E.T. Moncur
        Dr. Richard E. Brock
        
        CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION:
        Dr. Roger S. Fujioka
        Dr. Jamse E.T. Moncur
        Water Resources Research Center
        University Of Hawaii at Manoa
        Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
        
        Dr. Richard E. Brock
        Sea Grant
        University Of Hawaii at Manoa
        Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
      Publication_Date: 19981231
      Publication_Time: Unknown
      Title: Reef community structure, Sand Island, Oahu HI, (NODC Accession 0000177)
      Edition: None
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Digital files
      Publication_Information: 
        Publication_Place: Honolulu, HI
        Publisher: City and County of Honolulu, Department of Public Works
      Other_Citation_Details: Project Report:
        Prepared for
        Department of Environmental Services,
        Honolulu, HI
        "Assessment of the Impact of Ocean Outfalls
        on the Marine Environment off Sand Island Outfall."
        Project No.: C59390
        Project Period: 21 December 1990 to 31 December 1994
        Principal Investigator:  Roger S. Fujioka
        Project No.: C39805
        Project Period: 1 January 1995 - 30 September 1997
        Principal Investigator:  Roger S. Fujioka
        Project No.: C54997
        Project Period: 1 January 1997 - 30 September 2002
        Principal Investigator:  James E.T. Moncur
  Description: 
    Abstract: These reports provide the results of nine years (1990-98) of an annual quantitative monitoring of shallow marine communities inshore of the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii. This monitoring effort focuses on benthic and fish community structure and is designed to detect changes in these communities.
      Marine communities offshore of Honolulu have received considerable perturbation over the last 100 years. Dumping of raw sewage in shallow water, which occurred from 1955 to 1977, was halted in 1978; however, point and nonpoint sources of pollution from both urban activities and industry  continue.
      All of these disturbances may serve to obscure any impacts that may be caused by treated effluent discharged from the deep-ocean outfall. The marine communities show a considerable range in development that is probably related to historical impacts. Stations have been located to take advantage of these gradients.
      Analysis of the nine years of data showed that there has been no statistically significant change in any of the biological parameters measured in this study other than for the mean number of invertebrate species and numbers of individual invertebrates encountered per transect. In these cases the data for 1998 showed
      significantly greater numbers of species and individuals over other years. These changes are probably the result of higher than usual counts of the Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus, as well as just more invertebrate species present at most stations.
    Purpose: To determine the status of the marine resources in the vicinity of the discharge in an effort to quantitatively ascertain if any impacts are occurring to the coral reef biota.
    Supplemental_Information: SAMPLING PERIODS:
      27-29 December 1990
      5-6 December 1991
      21-22 December 1992
      25 January, 7-9 September 1993
      20 September, 13-14 October 1994
      28 August, 7 and 26 September 1995
      20-21 November 1996
      14-15, 18 August 1997
      28 August 1998
      
      For the aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System; www.itis.usda.gov) at the National Oceanographic Data Center (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov) in the development of this metadata record; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record.  Originator data and species listings were not altered in the original data files.
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Range_of_Dates/Times: 
        Beginning_Date: 19901227
        Beginning_Time: Unknown
        Ending_Date: 19980828
        Ending_Time: Unknown
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status: 
    Progress: In Work
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Selected sites fronting Sand Island, Oahu, Hawaii in relation to the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, including Kewalo Landfill, Kalihi Channel, and Reef Runway
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.92
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.89
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.29
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.27
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Coralline Algae
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Census
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Pollution
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Live percentage
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Contaminants
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: biota
      Theme_Keyword: 002
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003)
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean
      Place_Keyword: Pacific Islands
      Place_Keyword: Sand Island, Oahu
      Place_Keyword: Sand Island, Oahu deep ocean outfall
      Place_Keyword: Honolulu Harbor
      Place_Keyword: Ke'ehi Lagoon
    Stratum: 
      Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Stratum_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis
  Taxonomy: 
    Keywords/Taxon: 
      Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish assemblages
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Reptiles > Turtles
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Sponges
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
      Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates
    Taxonomic_System: 
      Classification_System/Authority: 
        Classification_System_Citation: 
          Citation_Information: 
            Originator: ITIS organization and partners: U.S. Department of Agriculture;  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution;  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Biological Information Infrastructure; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; U.S. National Park Service; Conabio (Comisi&oacute;n nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad - Mexico)
            Publication_Date: 20020602
            Publication_Time: Unknown
            Title: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
            Edition: None
            Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Database
            Publication_Information: 
              Publication_Place: World Wide Web at URL: http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis_query.html
              Publisher: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) organization and partners
        Classification_System_Modifications: For aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against ITIS and other pertinent taxonomic listings (Bishop Museum, HI) at the National Oceanographic Data Center in the development OF THIS METADATA RECORD only; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record.  Originator data and species listings ARE NOT altered in the original data files.
      Taxonomic_Procedures: See originator data files. For aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS; see the World Wide Web at URL: http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis_query.html) and other pertinent taxonomic listings (Bishop Museum, HI) at the National Oceanographic Data Center in the development OF THIS METADATA RECORD only; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record.  Originator data and species listings ARE NOT altered in the original data files.
      Taxonomic_Completeness: See project reports in originator data files
    General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Organisms recorded as family, genus, and species in originator data files
    Taxonomic_Classification: 
      Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdoms
      Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia, Plantae, Monera
      Taxonomic_Classification: 
        Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
        Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Actinopterygii
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Anguilliformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Muraenidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax petelli
                    Applicable_Common_Name: tiger moray, yellowhead moray
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax flavimarginatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: yellowedged moray
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax meleagris
                    Applicable_Common_Name: spotted moray, guineafowl moray, puhi'onio
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax eurostus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax steindachneri
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax undulatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: common hawaiian moray, leopard moray, nami-utsubo
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Echidna
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Echidna zebra (= Gymnomuraena zebra)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: zebra moray
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Uropterygius
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Uropterygius tigrinus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: tiger reef eel
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Beryciformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Holocentridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Myripristis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Myripristis amaenus (= Myripristis argyromus, Myripristis symmetricus, syn.)
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Gasterosteiformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulostomidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulostomus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulostomus chinensis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: painted flute mouth
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Fistulariidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Fistularia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Fistularia commersoni
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Perciformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Serranidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cephalopholis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cephalopholis argus (= Cephalopholis guttatus, Epinephelus argus, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: peacock hind
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Apogonidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Apogon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Apogon kallopterus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: spinyhead cardinalfish
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Carangidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Seriola
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Seriola dumerili
                    Applicable_Common_Name: greater amberjack
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Caranx
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Caranx orthogrammus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Caranx melampygus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: bluefin trevally, black ulua
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Decapterus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Decapterus macarellus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: mackerel scad
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Scombroides
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Scombroides laysan
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodontidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Forcipiger
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Forcipiger flavissimus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: longnose butterflyfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Forcipiger longirostris
                    Applicable_Common_Name: longnose butterflyfish
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon multicinctus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: pebbled butterflyfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon fremblii
                    Applicable_Common_Name: bluestriped butterflyfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon miliaris
                    Applicable_Common_Name: crochet butterflyfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon quadrimaculatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: fourspot butterflyfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon unimaculatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: onespot coralfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon ornatissimus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Heniochus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Heniochus diphreutes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Pomacanthidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Centropyge
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Centropyge potteri
                    Applicable_Common_Name: potter's angelfish
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Pomacentridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Dascyllus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Dascyllus albisella
                    Applicable_Common_Name: spot dascyllus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Plectroglyphidodon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: stop-start damsel
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis vanderbilti (=  Pycnochromis vanderbilti, syn.)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis ovalis (=  Chromis velox, syn.)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis hanui
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis agilis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: rusty chromis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis verater
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Stegastes
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Stegastes fasciolatus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Abudefduf
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Abudefduf abdominalis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: banded damselfish
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Paracirrhites=Paracirrhitus (originator data)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Paracirrhites arcatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: whitelined hawkfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Paracirrhites forsteri
                    Applicable_Common_Name: blacksided hawkfish
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitops
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitops fasciatus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitus pinnulatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: redspotted hawkfish, oopukai
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Labridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Labroides
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Labroides phthirophagus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Bodianus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Bodianus bilunulatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: a'awa
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilinus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilinus rhodochrous
                    Applicable_Common_Name: ringtail maori wrasse
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilinus bimaculatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: ragged-tail wrasse
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudocheilinus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudocheilinus octotaenia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalassoma
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalassoma duperreyi
                    Applicable_Common_Name: saddle wrasse
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalassoma ballieui
                    Applicable_Common_Name: gray wrasse
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Gomphosus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gomphosus varius
                    Applicable_Common_Name: birdfish
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Coris
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Coris venusta
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Coris gaimardi (=  Julis gaimard, Coris greenovii, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudojuloides
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudojuloides cerasinus (=  Leptojulis cerasinus, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Stethojulis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Stethojulis balteata
                    Applicable_Common_Name: omaka
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Macropharyngodon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Macropharyngodon geoffroyi (=  Julis geoffroy, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Anampses
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Anampses chrysocephalus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Anampses cuvieri
                    Applicable_Common_Name: opule
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilio
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilio inermis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: cigar wrasse
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Halichoeres
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Halichoeres ornatissimus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Novaculichthys
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Novaculichthys taeniourus (=  Labrus taeniourus, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: clown wrasse, rockmover
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Scaridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Calotomus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Calotomus carolinus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: stareyed parrotfish
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus sordidus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: uhu
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus psittacus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: palenose parrotfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus perspicillatus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus rubroviolaceus
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Blenniidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Exallias
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Exallias brevis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: leopard roadskipper, pao'o kauila
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirripectes = Cirripectus sp. (ITIS)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirripectes variolosus = Cirripectus variolosus (ITIS)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: collared blenny
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Plagiotremus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Plagiotremus ewaensis
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthuridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus nigrofuscus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus nigroris
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus olivaceus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: orangespot tang
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus dussumieri
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus mata
                    Applicable_Common_Name: tailring surgeon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus thompsoni
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus triostegus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: convictfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus achilles
                    Applicable_Common_Name: redspot tang
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Zebrasoma
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Zebrasoma flavescens
                    Applicable_Common_Name: yellow tang
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso brevirostris (=  Naseus brevirostris, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: shortnosed unicornfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso hexacanthus (= Callicanthus metoposophron, Priodon hexacanthus, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: kala
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso lituratus (= Acanthurus lituratus, syn.)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso unicornis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: brown unicornfish
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Zanclidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Zanclus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Zanclus cornutus (= Zanclus canescens, syn.)
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Lutjanidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Alphareus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Alphareus furcatus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Aprion
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Aprion virescens
                    Applicable_Common_Name: blue-gray snapper, green jobfish
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Lethrinidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Monotaxis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Monotaxis grandoculis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: roundtoothed large-eyed bream, bigeye barenose, humpnose big-eye bream
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Mullidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus bifasciatus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus cyclostomus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus pleurostigma
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus multifasciatus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Mulloidichthys (= Mulloides in originator data)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (= Mulloides vanicolensis, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: vanikolo goatfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (= Mulloides flavolineatus, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: yellowstripe goatfish
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Scombridae (Thunnidae in originator data)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Thunnus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Thunnus albacares
                    Applicable_Common_Name: yellowfin tuna
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Gobiidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnatholepis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnatholepis anjerensis
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Psilogobius
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Psilogobius mainlandi
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Ptereleotris
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Ptereleotris heteroptera
                    Applicable_Common_Name: indigo hover goby
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetraodontiformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Balistidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Melichthys
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Melichthys niger
                    Applicable_Common_Name: black durgon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Melichthys vidua
                    Applicable_Common_Name: pinktail triggerfish, humhumu hiukoli
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Sufflamen
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Sufflamen bursa (= Balistes bursa)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: bridle triggerfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Sufflamen frenatus (= Balistes frenatus, Sufflamen capistratus, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhinecanthus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhinecanthus aculeatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: striped triggerfish, picasso fish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhinecanthus rectangulus (= Balistes rectangulus, Balistapus rectangulus, syn.)
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Monacanthidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Pervagor (in family Balistidae in ITIS)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pervagor spilosoma
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pervagor melanocephalus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cantherhines
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cantherhines dumerili
                    Applicable_Common_Name: whitespotted filefish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cantherhines sandwichiensis
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostraciidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion meleagris
                    Applicable_Common_Name: pahu
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion fornasini (= Lactoria fornasini, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: shortspined cowfish
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion whitleyi (= Ostracion ornatus, syn.)
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigasteridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster (ITIS places in Tetraodontidae)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster jactator
                    Applicable_Common_Name: whitespotted toby
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster coronata
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster rivulata
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster cinctus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: foursaddle puffer
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetraodontidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Arothron
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Arothron hispidus (= Tetraodon hispidus, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: poison puffer
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Diodon (ITIS places in Diodontidae)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Diodon holocanthus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: ballonfish
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulopiformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Synodontidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Saurida
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Saurida variegatus
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaeniformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenopsis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenopsis cacopsis
                    Applicable_Common_Name: hohu 'omakaha
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenopsis diabolus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Taenianotus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Taenianotus triacanthus
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Pleuronectiformes
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Bothidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Bothus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Bothus pantherinus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: panther flounder
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Ascidiacea
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Stolidobranchia
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Styelidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryllus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryllus sp.
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Cnidaria
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Anthozoa
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Scleractinia
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Poritidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites evermanni
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites lobata
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites compressa
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocilloporidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocillopora
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocillopora meandrina
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocillopora eydouxi
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Agariciidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Pavona
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pavona varians
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pavona duerdeni
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Fungiidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Fungia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Fungia scutaria
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Acroporidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora verrucosa
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora flabellata
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora patula
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora verrilli
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Faviidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyphastrea
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyphastrea ocellina
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Leptastrea
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Leptastrea purpurea
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Siderastreidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Psammocora
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Psammocora stellata
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Alyconacea
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Xenidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Anthelia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Anthelia edmondsoni
                    Applicable_Common_Name: soft coral
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Zoanthidea
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Zoanthidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Palythoa
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Palythoa tuberculosa
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Palythoa edmondsoni
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrozoa
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydroida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Halocordylidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Halocordyle
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Halocordyle disticha
                    Applicable_Common_Name: feathered hydroid
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Porifera
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Demospongiae
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Hadromerida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirastrellidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirastrella
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirastrella coccinea
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Poecilosclerida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Myxillidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Tedania
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Tedania ignis
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Clathriidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Microciona
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Microciona maunaloa
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnosa
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Chondrosiidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Chondrosia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Chondrosia chucalla
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Plakinidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Plakortis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Plakortis simplex
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Annelida
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Polychaeta
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Canalipalpata
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Serpulidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirobranchus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Vermiliopsis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Vermiliopsis sp.
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Sabellidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Sabellastarte
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Sabellastarte sanctijosephi
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Terebellidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Loimia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Loimia medusa
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Thelepus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Thelepus setosus
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Mollusca
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Gastropoda
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Neogastropoda
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Conidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus imperialis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus miles
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus lividus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus marmoratus
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Mitridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Mitra
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Mitra papalis
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Caenogastropoda
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Muricidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Drupa
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Drupa speciosa
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Drupa morum
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Neotaenioglossa
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Cassidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cassis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cassis cornuta
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Ranellidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cymatium
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cymatium pileare (= Cymatium prima, Dissentoma velei, syn.)
                    Applicable_Common_Name: hairy triton
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraeidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea helvola
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea isabella (=  Cypraea isabellamexicana? In ITIS)
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea tigris
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Nudibranchia
              Applicable_Common_Name: sea slugs
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Phyllidiidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Phyllidia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Phyllidia varicosa
                    Applicable_Common_Name: sea slug
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Cephalopoda
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopoda
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopodidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopus cyanea
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Bivalvia
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostreoida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Spondylidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Spondylus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Spondylus tenebrosus
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Mytiloida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Mytilidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Lithophaga
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Lithophaga sp.
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Pterioida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Pteriidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinctada
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinctada margaritifera
                    Applicable_Common_Name: Pacific pearl-oyster
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinctada marginifera
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinnidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptopinna
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptopinna saccata
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinodermata
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuroidea
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Aspidochirotida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuriidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuria
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuria atra
                    Applicable_Common_Name: lolly fish, sea cucumber
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Stelleroidea
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Valvatida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Ophiodiasteridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Linckia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Linckia diplax
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Linckia multiflora
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Oreasteridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Culcita
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Culcita novaeguinaea
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinoidea
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinoida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinometridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinostrephus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinostrephus aciculatus
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinometra
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinometra mathaei
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Heterocentrotus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Heterocentrotus mammillatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: slate-pencil urchin
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Temnopleuroida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Toxopneustidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Tripneustes
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Tripneustes gratilla
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudoboletia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudoboletia indiana
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Diadematoida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Diadematidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinothrix
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinothrix calamaris
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinothrix diadema
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Arthropoda
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Aniculus
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Aniculus strigatus
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Malacostraca
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Decapoda
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Diogenidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Calcinus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Calcinus herbstii
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Dardanus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Dardanus deformis
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Portunidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Charybdis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Charybdis orientalis
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalamita
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalamita edwardsi
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Palinuridae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Panulirus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Panulirus marginatus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: banded spiny lobster
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenopodidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenopus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenopus hispidus
                    Applicable_Common_Name: banded coral shrimp
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Stomatopoda
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Gonodactylidae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Gonodactylus
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gonodactylus falcatus
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Platyhelminthes
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Turbellaria
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Polycladida
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Polyclad sp.
      Taxonomic_Classification: 
        Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
        Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodophycota
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodophyceae
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Cryptonemiales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Corallinaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Corallina
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Corallina sp.
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Porolithon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Porolithon onkodes
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrolithon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrolithon reinboldii (= Lithophyllum reinboldii, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Jania
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Jania sp.
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Cryptonemiaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Desmia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Desmia hornemanni
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: information unavailable
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Gibsmithsia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gibsmithsia hawaiiensis
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Ceramiales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodomelaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Amansia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Amansia glomerata
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Cladymenia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Cladymenia pacifica (= Acanthophora pacifica, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Laurencia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Laurencia nidifica
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Laurencia obtusa (=  Fucus obtusus, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Polysiphonia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Polysiphonia sp.
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Delesseriaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Martensia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Martensia fragilis
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Ceramiaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Spyridia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Spyridia filamentosa (= Fucus filamentosus, syn.)
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Tolypiocladia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Tolypiocladia glomerulata
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Nemaliales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Bonnemaisoniaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Asparagopsis
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Asparagopsis taxiformis (= Fucus taxiformis, syn.)
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Helminthocladiaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora maxima
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora papenfussii
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora tetrasporifera
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Gigartinales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Gracilariaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Gracilaria
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Gracilaria coronopifolia
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Florideophyceae
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodymeniales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodymeniaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryocladia
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryocladia skottsbergi
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Phaeophycophyta
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Phaeophyceae
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyotales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyotaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyota
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyota divaricata
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelariales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelariaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelaria
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelaria furcigera
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Division
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Chlorophycota
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Chlorophyceae
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Ulotrichales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Ulvaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Enteromorpha
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Enteromorpha sp.
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Caulerpales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Codiaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Halimeda
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Halimeda opuntia
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Siphonocladales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Valoniaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Microdictyon
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Microdictyon japonicum
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Dasycladales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Dasycladaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Neomeris
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Neomeris annulata
      Taxonomic_Classification: 
        Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom
        Taxon_Rank_Value: Monera
        Taxonomic_Classification: 
          Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum
          Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyanophycota
          Applicable_Common_Name: blue-green algae
          Taxonomic_Classification: 
            Taxon_Rank_Name: Class
            Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyanophyceae
            Taxonomic_Classification: 
              Taxon_Rank_Name: Order
              Taxon_Rank_Value: Nostocales
              Taxonomic_Classification: 
                Taxon_Rank_Name: Family
                Taxon_Rank_Value: Oscillatoriaceae
                Taxonomic_Classification: 
                  Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus
                  Taxon_Rank_Value: Lyngbya
                  Taxonomic_Classification: 
                    Taxon_Rank_Name: Species
                    Taxon_Rank_Value: Lyngbya majuscula
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Dataset credit to originators required
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Person_Primary: 
        Contact_Person: Patrick Caldwell
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NODC/National Coastal Data Development Center
      Contact_Position: NOAA/NODC Hawaii/Pacific Liaison
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: JIMAR, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96822
        Country: U.S.A.
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-4105
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808-956-2352
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Patrick.Caldwell@noaa.gov
      Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday
      Contact_Instructions: call, write, e-mail, FAX, leave voice mail
  Data_Set_Credit: Dr. Richard E. Brock, Dr. Roger S. Fujioka,  and Dr. James E.T. Moncur
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Word 97 documents; redundant text files
Data_Quality_Information: 
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Data were subjected to simple nonparametric statistical procedures provided in the SAS Institute statistical package (SAS Institute Inc. 1985).  Nonparametric methods were used to avoid meeting requirements of normal distribution and homogeneity of variance in the data.  Data were analyzed using the the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance to discern statistically significant differences among ranked means for each transect site and sample period; this procedure is outlined by Siegel (1956) and Sokal and Rohlf (1981).  The a posteriori Student-Newman-Keuls multiple-range test (SAS Institute Inc. 1985) was also used to elucidate differences between locations.
  Completeness_Report: See originator data reports and methodology section of this metadata record.
  Lineage: 
    Methodology: 
      Methodology_Type: Field
      Methodology_Identifier: 
        Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > In situ
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > Photograph analysis
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal cover
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Linear transect
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > In situ biological
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring > Linear transect (line)
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > In situ
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Species diversity
        Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Population density
      Methodology_Description: SAMPLING STATIONS:
        Three stations were selected for the monitoring of benthic and fish community response to possible sewage impacts. The stations are close to some stations previously used by Dollar (1979). The stations and the rationale for their selection are given below:
        
        Station A
        (Kewalo Landfill)
        Utilized as a control area. This station lies east of the present deep-ocean outfall in 17.0 to 18.2 m of water. Prevailing currents create a westerly movement of sewage effluent (Dollar 1979), thus the shallow Kewalo
        Landfill area is probably not directly impacted. At this location, corals occur in areas of emergent limestone.
        Immediate coverage over short linear distances may exceed 30%. This station is in the vicinity of Dollar's (1979)
        station 2.
        
        Station B
        (Kalihi Channel)
        Located about 120 m east of the Kalihi Entrance Channel in approximately 15.0 m of water. This station
        is about 900 m west of the bypass (old) outfall in an area heavily impacted by the old (1955 to 1977)
        shallow-water discharge and is very close to Dollar (1979) station 14. There is emergent limestone at this
        station, but coral coverage is low (less than 1%).
        
        Station C
        (Reef Runway)
        Located in an area of complex limestone substratum in water ranging from 7.5 to 12.0 m in depth fronting
        Honolulu International Airport's Reef Runway. This station is located close to Brock's (1986) station that
        was monitored quarterly in 1977-78 (AECOS, Inc. 1979) and again in 1986. It is close to Dollar's (1979)
        station 19. This station was moderately impacted by the old shallow-water sewage outfall (Dollar 1979).
        
        MATERIALS AND METHODS#
        The quantitative sampling of macrofauna of marine communities presents a number of problems; many of these are related to the scale on which one wishes to quantitatively enumerate organism abundance. Marine communities in the waters fronting Sand Island may be spatially defined in a range on the order of a few hundred square centimeters (such as the community living in a Pocillopora meandrina coral head) to many hectares (such as areas which are covered by major biotopes). Because considerable interest focuses on visually dominant corals, diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates, and fishes, a sampling program was designed to delineate changes that may be occurring in communities at this scale.
        
        At each station two transect lines were permanently established using metal stakes and plastic-coated no. 14 copper wire. The transects are 20 m in length and have an orientation that is perpendicular to shore. Two transects were established at each location to provide some replication. Both sample approximately the same benthic communities. On each transect are five permanently marked locations (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20
        m) for the taking of photographs of the benthic communities. Cover estimates were also made in the field with a 1 m x 1 m quadrat placed at the -1 to 0 m, 4 to 5 m, 9 to 10 m, 14 to 15 m, and 19 to 20 m marks on the transect line in each survey.
        
        Fish abundance and diversity are often related to small-scale topographical relief over short linear distances. A long transect may bisect a number of topographical features (e.g., coral mounds, sand flats, and algal beds), thus sampling more than one community and obscuring distinctive features of individual communities. To alleviate this problem, a short transect (20 m in length), which has proved to be adequate for sampling many Hawaii benthic communities (see Brock 1982; Brock and Norris 1989) is used. Information is collected at each transect location using methods including a visual assessment of fishes, benthic quadrats for cover estimates of sessile forms (e.g., algae, corals, and colonial invertebrates), and counts along the transect line for diurnally exposed motile macroinvertebrates. Fish censuses are conducted over a 20 m x 4 m corridor (the permanent transect line). All fishes within this area to the water's surface are counted. A single diver equipped with scuba, slate, and pencil enters the water, then counts and notes all fishes in the prescribed area (method modified from Brock 1954).
        Besides counting the numbers of individuals of all fishes seen, the length of each is estimated for later use in the estimation of fish standing crop by linear regression techniques (Ricker 1975).
        
        Species-specific regression coefficients have been developed over the last 30 years by the author and others at the University of Hawaii, Naval Undersea Center (see Evans 1974), and the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources using weight and body measurements of captured fishes; for many species the coefficients have been developed using sample sizes in excess of a hundred individuals. For the 1990 survey two weeks were allowed to elapse from the time of station selection and marking to the time of the first fish census to reduce the bias caused by wary fishes. The same individual (the author) performs all fish censuses to reduce bias.
        
        Besides frightening wary fishes, other problems with the visual census technique include the underestimation of cryptic species such as moray eels (family Muraenidae) and nocturnal species such as squirrelfishes (family Holocentridae) and bigeyes or oaweoweo (family Priacanthidae). This problem is compounded in areas of high
        relief and coral coverage that afford numerous shelter sites. Species lists and abundance estimates are more accurate for areas of low relief, although some fishes with cryptic habits or protective coloration, such as scorpionfishes or nohu (family Scorpaenidae) and flatfishes (family Bothidae), might still be missed.
        
        Another problem is the reduced effectiveness of the visual census technique in turbid water. This is compounded by the difficulty of counting fishes that move quickly or are very numerous. Additionally, bias related to the experience of the census taker should be considered in making comparisons between surveys. Despite these problems, the visual census technique is probably the most accurate, nondestructive assessment method currently available for counting diurnally active fishes (Brock 1982).
        
        A number of methods are utilized to quantitatively assess benthic communities at each station, including the taking of photographs at locations marked for repeated sampling through time (each covering 0.67 m2) and the placing of 1 m x 1 m quadrats at marked locations for repeated measurements. Both the photographs and quadrats are used
        to estimate coverage of corals and other sessile forms. Photographs, which provide a permanent record from which to estimate coverage, were used in the eight most recent surveys (1991 through 1998); the 1 m x 1 m quadrats were used for an in-the-field appraisal of coverage in all surveys. Cover estimates from photographs and quadrats are all recorded as percent cover. Diurnally exposed motile macroinvertebrates greater than 2 cm in some dimension are censused in the same 4 m x 20 m corridor used for the fish counts.
        
        Macrothalloid algae encountered in the 1 m X 1 m quadrats or photographs were quantitatively recorded as percent cover. Emphasis was placed on those species that were visually dominant, and no attempt was made to quantitatively assess the multitude of microalgal species that constitute the algal turf so characteristic of many coral reef habitats.
        
        As requested by permit agencies, divers made simple physical measurements at the three stations while in the field. Measurements of percent oxygen concentration and temperature were made with a YSI Model 57 Oxygen meter, salinity was taken with a hand-held refractometer, and water clarity was determined using a 12-inch secchi disk.
        
        During fieldwork, an effort was made to note the presence of any green sea turtles
        (a threatened species) and protected marine mammals within or near the study sites.
        
        #INSTRUMENT TYPES:
        -SCUBA
        -Visual census
        -Photography
        -Percent oxygen concentration and temperature were made with a YSI Model 57 Oxygen meter,
        salinity was taken with a hand-held refractometer, and water clarity was determined using
        a 12-inch secchi disk.
    Process_Step: 
      Process_Description: See "Logical Consistency Report" and Methodology section
      Process_Date: 19981231
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  Resource_Description: NODC Accession # 0000177
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        Format_Name: DOC
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        Beginning_Date: 20010709
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Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20081218
  Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 20030131
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Person_Primary: 
        Contact_Person: Sheri Phillips
        Contact_Organization: NOAA/NODC
      Contact_Position: Oceanographer
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 1315 East-West Highway, E/OC1, SSMC3, 4th Floor
        City: Silver Spring
        State_or_Province: MD
        Postal_Code: 20910
        Country: U.S.A.
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3280 x127
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  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
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CoRIS: 
  CoRIS_ID: 20040308045429
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 19901227
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 19980828
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/txt/nodc_0000177_sand_is_reef_community.txt
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 159