ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 17 December 2000 
1. PURPOSE 
The biosphere model is one of the component process models of the Total System Performance 
Assessment (TSPA) model. The biosphere model considers the movement of radionuclides in 
the reference biosphere and human exposure to these radionuclides. The outcome of biosphere 
model consists of radionuclide-specific biosphere dose conversion factors (BDCFs). BDCFs are 
included, together with other parameters, in the input for the TSPA code, which allows dose 
assessment from the postulated radionuclide releases from the potential repository. 
The objective of biosphere modeling is to evaluate human exposure to radionuclides present in 
environmental media, such as water, soil, air, and food. Such exposures may be internal or 
external in origin. Internal exposure pathways considered in the biosphere model include 
ingestion and inhalation of radionuclides. The external exposure pathway considered external 
irradiation from contaminated soil. BDCFs for the disruptive event quantify internal and 
external exposure to the receptor of interest resulting from radioactive ash deposited on the soil 
surface. The integration of the biosphere modeling results for the disruptive event and other 
models of the TSPA system is shown in Figure 1. The figure shows the diagram of the 
component models contributing to the TSPA. 
The evolution of the approach to the biosphere modeling for disruptive events is an iterative 
process. The previous revision of this Analysis Model Report (AMR) (CRWMS M&O 2000a) 
developed a set of BDCFs for disruptive events that concerned environmental conditions 
following volcanic eruption that are different from what is currently considered. Subsequent to 
the previous revision of this AMR a calculation report was produced (CRWMS M&O 2000b) in 
accordance with AP-3.12Q, Calculations, in which three exposure scenarios based on three 
phases during and after volcanic eruption and two thicknesses of contaminated volcanic ash were 
taken into account. Also, the list of radionuclides of interest was extended to include 
radionuclides important for up to 1 million years to support the National Environmental Policy 
Act process. BDCFs generated in such a way were used as input to the TSPA-Site 
Recommendation (SR) (CRWMS M&O 2000c). This revision will be used in the TSPA-SR Rev 
1, which will support the Site Recommendation Report. The current analysis supersedes the 
preceding one; it also includes the consideration of the 10-year-average conditions of mass 
loading, as well as the pathway and limited uncertainty analyses. Furthermore, the bounding 
case considered in the previous AMR has been removed. 
Disruptive processes and events important to the total system performance of the potential 
repository include volcanism, seismic events and inadvertent human intrusion. Volcanic 
(igneous) events are classified as either extrusive or intrusive type. Extrusive igneous events are 
postulated to result in a direct deposition of contaminated volcanic ash on the ground, while 
intrusive events are postulated to lead to the groundwater contamination with radionuclides 
released from the potential repository. Biosphere modeling of disruptive events resulting in 
radionuclide release into the groundwater uses the same radionuclide transport and uptake 
elements of the model as those considered for the nominal performance. BDCFs for all cases 
that share groundwater contamination scenario are being developed in the Nominal Performance 
BDCF Analysis (ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 01). BDCFs developed in this report apply to 
the direct release of radionuclides from the potential repository as a result of extrusive igneous 
activity.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 18 December 2000 
Figure 1. Summary of the Total System Performance Assessment-Site Recommendation Scenarios, 
Models and Analyses 
Table 1 contains the summary of `the scenarios and the corresponding radionuclides of interest 
considered in biosphere modeling. BDCFs for radionuclides important for the igneous intrusive 
scenario were not specifically developed. However, the BDCFs for groundwater release can be 
used for this purpose within the limits of applicability of the dose conversion factors for chronic 
exposure used in the BDCF development.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 19 December 2000 
Table 1. Summary of Scenarios and Radionuclides of Interest 
Groundwater Release 
(ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 01) 
Direct Release 
(This AMR) 
Nominal Performance 
Scenario 
Human Intrusion 
Scenario 
Extrusive Volcanic Event 
Scenario 
Radionuclide 10,000 yr. 1,000,000 yr. 10,000 yr. 1,000,000 yr. 10,000 yr. 1,000,000 yr. 
14C   
90Sr   
63Ni  
99Tc   
129I   
137Cs   
210Pb    
226Ra    
227Ac    
229Th    
230Th    
231Pa    
232U    
233U    
234U    
236U   
238U   
237Np   
238Pu    
239Pu    
240Pu    
242Pu    
241Am    
243Am    
The scope of analysis encompasses development of BDCFs for an average member of the critical 
group for the: 
 Seventeen radionuclides of interest for direct release, as indicated in the Direct Release 
(last two) columns of Table 1. 
 Three exposure scenarios corresponding to three phases during and following volcanic 
eruption: eruption phase, transition phase and steady-state phase. 
 Two thicknesses of volcanic ash deposition on the ground: 1 cm and 15 cm. 
 Two types of mass loading value: annual average and 10-year average.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 20 December 2000 
Activities described in this report were conducted in accordance with the Technical Work Plan 
for Biosphere Modeling And Expert Support (CRWMS M&O 2000d). The analysis was 
conducted in accordance with the Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) 
procedure AP-3.10Q, Analyses and Models.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 21 December 2000 
2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 
The activities documented in this AMR were evaluated in accordance with AP-2.21Q, Quality 
Determinations and Planning for Scientific, Engineering, and Regulatory Compliance Activities, 
and were determined to be quality affecting and subject to the requirements of the U.S. 
Department of Energy (DOE) OCRWM Quality Assurance Requirements and Description 
(QARD) (DOE 2000). This evaluation is documented in the Technical Work Plan (CRWMS 
M&O 2000d). Consequently, the modeling or analysis activities documented in this AMR have 
been conducted in accordance with the Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System 
Management and Operating Contractor (CRWMS M&O) quality assurance program, using 
approved procedures. 
The primary implementing procedure for this work is OCRWM procedure AP-3.10Q, Analyses 
and Models. To perform this work, several other procedures are invoked by AP-3.10Q. These 
include the following: 
 AP-2.14Q, Review of Technical Products 
 AP-2.21Q, Quality Determinations and Planning for Scientific, Engineering, and 
Regulatory Compliance Activities 
 AP-3.4Q, Level 3 Change Control 
 AP-3.14Q, Transmittal of Input 
 AP-3.15Q, Managing Technical Product Inputs 
 AP-3.17Q, Impact Reviews 
 AP-6.1Q, Controlled Documents 
 AP-17.1Q, Record Source Responsibilities for Inclusionary Records 
 AP-SI.1Q, Software Management 
 AP-SIII.2Q, Qualification of Unqualified Data and the Documentation of Rationale for 
Accepted Data 
 AP-SIII.3Q, Submittal and Incorporation of Data to the Technical Data Management 
System 
 AP-SIII.4Q, Development, Review, Online Placement, and Maintenance of 
Individual Reference Information Base Data Items 
 AP-SV.1Q, Control of the Electronic Management of Data. 
Personnel performing work on this analysis were trained and qualified according to OCRWM 
procedures AP-2.1Q, Indoctrination and Training of Personnel, and AP-2.2Q, Establishment

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 22 December 2000 
and Verification of Required Education and Experience of Personnel. Preparation of this 
analysis did not require the classification of items in accordance with CRWMS M&O procedure 
QAP-2-3, Classification of Permanent Items. This analysis is not a field activity. Therefore, a 
Determination of Importance Evaluation in accordance with CRWMS M&O procedure 
NLP-2-0, Determination of Importance Evaluations, was not required. 
Evaluation of electronic data management process control was performed and documented 
(CRWMS M&O 2000d) in accordance with AP-SV.1Q, Control of the Electronic Management 
of Data and was accomplished in accordance with the controls specified in the Technical Work 
Plan (CRWSM M&O 2000d). The control process ensuring accuracy and completeness as well 
as security of data included the following. Access to the data contained on the personal 
computers used to perform this work was controlled (password protected). The data were stored 
on the network drive, which was periodically backed up and updated daily, as appropriate. 
The development of BDCF did not depend on electronic data transfer for the model input. Upon 
completion of model runs, the files generated by the computer code were transferred to the 
Modeling Warehouse Database of the Technical Data Management System. To accomplish this 
transfer, the files were compressed, using the WinZip utility to maintain data security and 
integrity. The list of the transferred files, including filename, file size, and date the file was 
generated is included in Attachment IV.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 23 December 2000 
3. COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND MODEL USAGE 
The computer code GENII-S V1.4.8.5 was used to calculate BDCFs for extrusive volcanic 
activity (Sandia National Laboratories 1998). GENII-S is a computer program used to calculate 
statistical and deterministic values of radiation doses to humans from exposure to radionuclides 
in the environment. GENII-S is acquired software, which was qualified for use on the Yucca 
Mountain Project (CRWMS M&O 1998a). Justification for the selection of this software to 
perform calculation of radionuclide transport in the biosphere and uptake by a human receptor is 
documented in a letter from M.W. Harris to W.R. Dixon (Harris 1997). 
The GENII-S computer code consists of an executable program and auxiliary files, all of which 
are maintained under Configuration Management (CM) (CSCI: 30034 V1.4.8.5). The software 
was obtained from CM; it is appropriate for this application; and was used within the range of 
validation in accordance with AP-SI.1Q, Software Management, as described in the software 
qualification report (CRWMS M&O 1998a). The analysis was performed using Gateway 2000 
Personal Computers, CPU# 111161 and 111163 located in Building 3, Summerlin, in cubicles 
number 327D, and 327C, respectively. 
The biosphere model used by GENII-S was validated in accordance with AP-3.10Q 
(see Attachment II for details) and was used within the range of validation. The documentation, 
inputs, and outputs for the biosphere model for the extrusive volcanic event has been placed 
within the Model Warehouse component of the Technical Data Management System (TDMS), 
DTN MO0010MWDPBD03.007, Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Disruptive Event. 
BDCF pathway contributions (see table and figures in Section 6.7) were developed using 
Microsoft Excel version 97 SR-2. To accomplish this, portions of GENII-S output files were 
copied into the spreadsheet. Determination of pathway contributions to BDCFs was done using 
the Pathway Contribution software routine described in Attachment V of this report in 
accordance with AP-SI.1Q, Software Management.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 24 December 2000 
4. INPUTS 
4.1 DATA AND PARAMETERS 
Input parameters were developed in a series of analyses and model reports (AMRs) and a 
calculation, which are listed in Table 2. The data sets used in this calculation of the volcanic 
eruption BDCFs are listed in Table 2. Selection of the values, ranges, and distributions of input 
parameters as well as justification of the applicability of the selected data to the specific 
exposure scenarios considered for the proposed Yucca Mountain repository is described in the 
corresponding AMRs, which are also listed in Table 2 together with the corresponding data 
tracking numbers (DTNs). Some input parameters were developed in this analysis and are 
documented in this report. Input parameters developed in this report include selected ingestion 
pathway parameters (see Attachment III for details) and selected dose coefficients 
(see Section 6.5.2.2). 
Input parameters listed as items 1 through 7 in Table 2 were developed specifically for the 
purpose of GENII-S analyses and are, therefore, appropriate for the use in this model. The 
values of dose conversion factors and dose coefficients (DCF) (i.e., factors used to convert 
exposure to radionuclides to dose) apply to chronic low-level intakes and exposure conditions 
and are inappropriate for acute, high-level intakes and exposures. Therefore the BDCFs 
developed using such DCFs can not be applied to acute, high-level exposures to radionuclides. 
4.2 CRITERIA 
Total System Performance Assessment and Integration (TSPAI) U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission (NRC) Key Technical Issue (KTI) (NRC 2000) includes subissues and the related 
technical acceptance criteria that are applicable to this work scope because the biosphere model 
is one of the TSPA component models. The TSPAI subissues include: 
 Subissue 1, System Description and Demonstration of Multiple Barriers 
 Subissue 2, Scenario Analysis 
 Subissue 3, Model Abstraction 
 Subissue 4, Demonstration of the Overall Performance Objective. 
The acceptance criteria associated with these subissues that are applicable to the development of 
BDCFs are relevant to several concepts which are addressed throughout this document. 
They include the following: 
 The pedigree of data is clearly identified 
 Input parameter development and basis for their selection is described 
 Documents and reports are clear and consistent 
 Data and model uncertainty is discussed 
 Alternative modeling approaches are presented.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 25 December 2000 
Table 2. Input Data 
No. 
Data Tracking Number/Data Title 
Document Identifier/Document Title Parameters/Comments 
1 
MO0010SPAPET07.004 Environmental Transport Parameters 
Source of the DTN 
ANL-MGR-MD-000007 REV 00/ICN 1, Environmental Transport Parameters Analysis 
(CRWMS M&O 2000f) 
Deposition velocity 
Crop resuspension factor 
Crop biomass 
Depth of surface soil 
Surface and deep soil density 
Fraction of roots in surface soil 
Fraction of roots in deep soil 
Soil ingestion rate 
Weathering half-life 
Translocation factor 
Animal feed and water consumption rate 
Dry-to-wet ratio 
2 
MO0010SPAPTC08.005, Transfer Coefficients 
Source of the DTN 
ANL-MGR-MD-000008 REV 00/ICN 2, Transfer Coefficient Analysis, (CRWMS M&O 
2000g) 
Soil-to-plant transfer coefficients 
Soil-to-plant transfer scaling factor 
Animal feed-to-animal transfer coefficients 
Animal feed-to-animal transfer scaling factor 
Bioaccumulation factors 
3 
MO0010SPAAAM01.014, Input Parameter Values for External and Inhalation Radiation 
Exposure Analysis 
Source of the DTN 
ANL-MGR-MD-000001 REV 01, Input Parameter Values for External and Inhalation 
Radiation Exposure Analysis (CRWMS M&O 2000h) 
Mass loading 
Inhalation exposure time 
Chronic breathing rate 
Soil exposure time 
Home irrigation rate 
Duration of home irrigation 
4 
MO0002RIB00068.000, Ingestion Exposure Parameter Values 
Source of the DTN 
ANL-MGR-MD-000006 REV 00, Identification of Ingestion Exposure Parameters (CRWMS 
M&O 2000i) 
Irrigation water source 
Drinking water treatment 
Crop interception fraction 
Water contaminated fraction 
Irrigation water contamination fraction 
Aquatic food consideration 
Holdup time 
Storage time 
Dietary fraction 
Selected parameters from this data set (irrigation time, 
irrigation rate, food yield, grow time) were re-developed 
as documented in Attachment III of this report.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 26 December 2000 
Table 2. Input Data (Continued) 
No. 
Data Tracking Number/Data Title 
Document Identifier/Document Title Comments 
5 
MO0007SPADMM05.002, Distributions, Mean, Minimum and Maximum Consumption Levels of 
Locally Produced Food by Type and Tap Water for the Amargosa Valley Receptor of Interest 
Source of the DTN 
CAL-MGR-MD-000005 REV 00, Calculation: Values and Consumption Rates of Locally 
Produced Food and Tap Water for the Receptor of Interest (CRWMS M&O 2000j) 
Consumption rates for locally produced food and 
tap water 
6 
MO9912RIB00066.000, Parameter Values for Internal and External Dose Conversion Factors 
Source of the DTN 
ANL-MGR-MD-000002 REV 00, Dose Conversion Factor Analysis: Evaluation of GENII-S Dose 
Assessment Methods (CRWMS M&O 1999) 
Dose coefficients for exposure to soil 
contaminated to a depth of 15 cm (external dose 
conversion factors) 
External dose conversion factors for additional 
radionuclides and for the soil contaminated to a 
depth of 1 cm have been developed in addition to 
coefficients included in this data set, as described 
in Section 6.4.2 of this document. 
7 
MO0004RIB00085.000, Soil and Radionuclide Removal by Erosion and Leaching 
Source of the DTN 
ANL-NBS-MD-000009 REV 00, Evaluate Soil/Radionuclide Removal by Erosion and Leaching 
(CRWMS M&O 2000k) 
Removal rates by leaching (leaching coefficients) 
8 
MO9912SPASUB02.001 
Dose Coefficients for Air Submersion and Exposure to Contaminated Soil 
The source of the data is Federal Guidance 
Report No. 12 (Eckerman and Ryman 1993). 
9 
MO0007SPAEDC20.002 
Exposure-to-Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation and Ingestion of Radionuclides 
The source of the data is Federal Guidance 
Report No. 11 (Eckerman et al. 1988).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 27 December 2000 
4.3 CODES AND STANDARDS 
At present, the regulatory framework for a potential repository at Yucca Mountain is evolving 
and the final applicable rules have not been released yet. Until the final rules become available, 
DOE has issued interim guidance (Dyer 1999) pending issuance of the NRC regulations. 
The interim guidance, which is based on the proposed rule 10 CFR 63 (64 FR 8640), Disposal of 
High-level Radioactive Wastes in a Proposed Geologic Repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, 
has been taken into consideration for the development of the BDCFs for volcanic eruption. 
Of particular relevance to this analysis are: (1) Section 114 of the guidance which details 
requirements for performance assessment, including treatment of features, events, and processes 
(FEPs) with regard to their inclusion or exclusion from the model, and (2) Section 115 of the 
guidance which specifies required characteristics of the reference biosphere and critical group. 
In parallel to the NRC rulemaking efforts, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is 
presently developing Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, 
Nevada (64 FR 46976). Another proposed rule applicable to the potential repository at Yucca 
Mountain is the proposed rule 10 CFR 963 (64 FR 67054), which outlines the Yucca Mountain 
site suitability guidelines.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 28 December 2000 
5. ASSUMPTIONS 
It was assumed that the volcanic eruption can be represented by three phases: eruption phase 
which continues through the duration of the event, the transition phase characterized by 
increased dustiness caused by resuspension of volcanic ash, and the steady-state phase 
characterized by the return of particulate concentration in air to the pre-eruption level. It was 
also assumed that the range of ash deposit thicknesses can be represented by two discrete 
values: 1 cm and 15 cm. The values of mass loading as well as the fraction of roots in upper and 
deep soil described in this section are phase- and ash thickness-specific. 
5.1 THICKNESS OF ASH DEPOSIT 
The thickness of the ash layer that could be deposited 20 km from the potential repository is 
uncertain (CRWMS M&O 2000c, Section 3.10.5.1). The TSPA-SR modeling of the 
consequences of an extrusive volcanic event was carried out for two wind conditions. One set of 
ash thickness results at 20 km was obtained assuming that the wind always blows directly south, 
toward the critical group. The other set of results included a sampling of wind directions, so that 
wind blows away from the critical group for a significant number of realizations. The maximum 
thickness of the calculated ash layer at 20 km turned out to be relatively insensitive to the wind 
direction (CRWMS M&O 2000c, Figure 3.10-14). The median calculated thickness (and all 
other thicknesses below the upper bound) at any one specified location are strongly sensitive to 
wind direction. 
The median eruptive event produces an ash layer less than 1 cm thick, 20 km downwind. 
The minimum ash layer calculated for the midpoint of the plume at 20 km is less than 0.1 mm, 
corresponding to a relatively small eruption that produces only a dusting of ash at that distance. 
The maximum ash layer is 36 cm, corresponding to a large eruption that produces a major ash 
fall covering a large area. Under variable wind conditions, the minimum predicted ash depth 
was less than 1  10-8 cm. About 80 percent of predicted depths were less than 0.1 cm, and an 
additional 15 percent were 0.1 to 1 cm in thickness. With southerly winds, the minimum depth 
was less than 10-2 cm and the maximum was 36 cm. About 20-25 percent of predicted depths 
were less than 0.1 cm, 40 percent were 01 to 1 cm, 30-35 percent were 1 to 10 cm, and 5 percent 
were greater than 10 cm (CRWMS M&O 2000c, Section 3.10.5.1). 
Considering the wide range of ash thicknesses, transition phase BDCFs were developed for two 
different thicknesses of ash: 1 cm, representing the more likely conditions, and 15 cm, 
representing thicker ash deposits. The thicker ash layer was chosen to be 15 cm because this 
thickness corresponds to the depth of plant growing zone (CRWMS M&O 2000f), which is one 
of the input parameters in the GENII-S. Greater thicknesses have no effect on the calculation 
outcome because it is assumed that plant roots do not extend past 15 cm in depth. It was 
assumed that the contaminated ash layer was not mixed into the soil for the entire duration of the 
transition phase, but rather it remained on the soil surface. Such assumption maximized human 
exposure be inhalation. BDCFs for the steady-state phase use the 15-cm thickness of the ash or 
soil layer. This assumption was used in Section 6.5.3.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 29 December 2000 
5.2 DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR LARGE PARTICLES 
The predicted distribution of the average size of ash particles resulting from a volcanic eruption 
at Yucca Mountain is log-triangular with a minimum of 10 m, a mode of 100 m, and a 
maximum of 1,000 m (CRWMS M&O 2000l, Section 6.5.1). Thus, only a small fraction of 
particles (the smallest predicted average ash sizes have a very low probability of occurrence) 
would be available for resuspension. This distribution was based in part on measurements of 
particles size distributions from Cerro Negro eruption, which was a violent strombolian eruption, 
the type predicted at Yucca Mountain (CRWMS M&O 2000l, Section 6.5.1). 
Dose conversion factors for inhalation of suspended particles depend on particle size represented 
by activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD). Although the particle size for resuspended 
material can range over several orders of magnitude, GENII-S code can accommodate only one 
set of coefficients converting radionuclide intake by inhalation to doses. Most commonly used 
dose conversion factors for inhalation apply to particulates whose diameter is distributed 
lognormally with an AMAD of 1 m. Such conversion factors are also built into GENII-S. 
Applicability of these coefficients for a wider size range of particles that could become 
resuspended in the air was evaluated as described below. 
Values of organ committed dose equivalent per unit intake and committed effective dose 
equivalent per unit intake given in most reports that use methods recommended by the 
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) in its Publication 30 (ICRP 1979, 
Eckerman et al. 1988) are for particles with an AMAD of 1 m. However, it is possible to 
estimate the organ committed dose equivalent for an aerosol of AMAD other than 1 m. 
The method is described in ICRP Publication 30 (ICRP-30) (ICRP 1979, Equation 5.8). The 
formula that is used to calculate the committed dose equivalent in an organ T for particles of a 
given AMAD, HT (AMAD), as a fraction of the committed dose equivalent in this organ for 1 m 
particles, HT (1 m), is as follows: 
(Eq. 1) 
where: 
fN-P  fraction of the committed dose equivalent in the reference tissue 
resulting from deposition in the naso-pharyngeal region of the 
respiratory tract 
DN-P (AMAD)  deposition probability in the naso-pharyngeal region of the respiratory 
tract for a given AMAD 
DN-P (1 m)  deposition probability in the naso-pharyngeal region of the respiratory 
tract for a given AMAD (from ICRP 1979, Figure 5.1) 
FT-B  fraction of the committed dose equivalent in the reference tissue 
resulting from deposition in the tracheo-bronchial region of the 
respiratory tract 
) 1 ( 
) ( 
) 1 ( 
) ( 
) 1 ( 
) ( 
) 1 ( 
) ( 
m D 
AMAD D 
f 
m D 
AMAD D 
f 
m D 
AMAD D 
f 
m H 
AMAD H 
P 
P 
P 
B T
B T 
B T 
P N
P N 
P N 
T 
T 
    
+ + = 
- 
- 
- 
- 
- 
-

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 30 December 2000 
DT-B (AMAD)  deposition probability in the tracheo-bronchial region of the 
respiratory tract for a given AMAD 
DT-B (1 m)  deposition probability in the tracheo-bronchial region of the 
respiratory tract for a given AMAD (from ICRP 1979, Figure 5.1) 
fP  fraction of the committed dose equivalent in the reference tissue 
resulting from deposition in the pulmonary region of the respiratory 
tract 
DP (AMAD)  deposition probability in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract 
for a given AMAD 
DP (1 m)  deposition probability in the pulmonary region of the respiratory tract 
for a given AMAD (from ICRP 1979, Figure 5.1) 
The weighted committed dose equivalent in an organ per intake of unit activity for particles (here 
1 Bq) of a given AMAD, wT HT,1(AMAD), can then be calculated by multiplying the ratio 
obtained using Equation 1 by the weighted committed dose equivalent in this organ per intake of 
unit activity for 1 m particles. 
(Eq. 2) 
where: 
wT  organ or tissue weighting factor 
The weighted committed dose equivalent in this organ per intake of unit activity for 1 m 
particles can be found in ICRP-30 (ICRP 1978, ICRP 1981a, ICRP 1982). The committed 
effective dose equivalent can then be calculated by summing up the organ weighted committed 
dose equivalents. Their sum is the effective (weighted) dose equivalent for a given AMAD per 
intake of unit activity by inhalation. This quantity can be compared to the corresponding dose 
conversion factor (DCF) for 1 m particles by producing a following ratio of these two 
quantities: 
(Eq. 3) 
The ratio identified in Equation 3 is a measure of how closely the DCFs for 1m particles 
represent DCFs for other particle sizes, with the value of 1 meaning that the respective DCFs are 
equal. Such ratios were calculated for a range of particle sizes within the applicability limits of 
the ICRP-30 respiratory tract model. The results of comparison are summarized in Table 3. 
) 1 ( 
) 1 ( 
) ( 
) ( 1 , 1 , m H w 
m H 
AMAD H 
AMAD H w T T 
T 
T 
T T  
 
=
. 
. 
= 
T 
T T 
T 
T T 
m H w 
AMAD H w 
Ratio 
) 1 ( 
) (
1 , 
1 , 


ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 31 December 2000 
Table 3. Comparison of Inhalation DCFs between 1- m Particles and Other Selected Particle Sizes 
DCF Ratio (DCF for a Given Size Particles to DCF for 1-m Particles)a 
Radionuclide 0.2 m 0.5 m 1 m 2 m 5 m 10 m 20 m 
90Sr 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.3 
137Cs 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.6 
210Pb 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.2 
226Ra 1.9 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 
227Ac 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
229Th 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
230Th 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
231Pa 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
232U 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 
233U 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 
234U 2.0 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.1 
238Pu 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
239Pu 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
240Pu 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
242Pu 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
241Am 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
243Am 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 
a Developed from Equation 3 
It was concluded that DCFs for particles with AMAD of 1 m represent well the DCFs for the 
particle sizes expected to be deposited on the ground following volcanic eruption. Considering 
that the expected distribution contain significant fraction of large particles, application of DCFs 
for 1m particles will lead, in most cases, to overestimates of the resulting doses. Conversion of 
radionuclide intake by inhalation to dose using conversion factors for 1-m particles is 
performed by the GENII-S code. This assumption allows application of GENII-S DCFs for 
inhalation to the whole range of ash particle sizes. This assumption is used in Section 6.5. 
5.3 ROOTS IN UPPER AND DEEP SOIL 
For thin ash deposits (1 cm and less), the fraction of roots in the upper soil was assumed to be 
1/15th of the root length of 15 cm, for consistency with the assumption that for the transition 
phase volcanic ash remains on the soil surface for the entire crop growing season. The 
assumption of an undisturbed layer of ash continuously present on the soil surface maximizes the 
inhalation of resuspended particles, and the ingestion from particle deposition on the plant 
surfaces without reducing root uptake value. (Although only 1/15th of the root participates in the 
uptake, radionuclide concentration in soil is 15 times higher than that for the 15-cm surface soil 
layer.) For the remaining phase/ash-thickness combinations, fraction of roots in upper soil was 
assumed to be equal to 1.0 (CRWMS M&O 2000f). Fraction of roots in deep soil complements 
the fraction of roots in upper soil (their sum is equal to one). This assumption was used in 
Tables 9 and 10.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 32 December 2000 
5.4 MASS LOADING FOR 1-CM LAYER OF ASH 
A conservative assumption was made that for calculations based on annual average mass loading 
for the transition phase and 1-cm ash layer, the values of mass loading developed for deep ash 
depths (MO0010SPAAAM01.014), with the maximum of 3.00  10-3 g/m3 apply. This 
assumption is reasonable considering that only a very thin layer of ash will be available for 
resuspension. Therefore, for the intermediate and thick ash layers, mass loading will be 
independent of the thickness of ash. This assumption is used in Table 9. 
5.5 MEAT CONSUMPTION 
A conservative assumption was made that the GENII-S beef consumption category included both 
beef and pork, and that the animal food-to-animal product transfer coefficients for beef could be 
applied to pork. This assumption allows including all types of locally produced meat using a 
single GENII-S food type category related to meat consumption. This assumption is used in 
Section 6.5.3. 
5.6 PARAMETER DEPENDENCE 
Parameters represented by their probability distribution functions included in this analysis are 
assumed to vary independently (except for plant-to-soil and animal food-to-animal product 
transfer factors). Therefore, for this analysis the covariance among parameters was not included 
in the biosphere model. In general, the effect of neglecting covariances is to estimate slightly 
wider confidence intervals on BDCFs. In other words, ignoring positive correlations amongst 
input parameters, the uncertainty in the BDCFs will be underestimated. This assumption is used 
for entering GENII-S input (Section 6.5.3).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 33 December 2000 
6. ANALYSIS/MODEL 
This chapter describes development of radionuclide- and exposure scenario-specific BDCFs. 
The context of analysis is presented in terms of selection of radionuclides of interest (Section 
6.1), definition of the human receptor (Section 6.2) and the conditions of the receptors exposure 
to radiation (Section 6.3). Development of dose factors for the eruption phase is described in 
Section 6.4. Application of the biosphere model, including the modeling inputs and outcomes, to 
calculate BDCFs for the current and the evolved climates are discussed in Section 6.5. Pathway 
analysis is discussed in Section 6.6, while Section 6.7 presents the results of limited uncertainty 
analysis. The last section of this chapter (Section 6.8) addresses alternative models. Validation 
of the biosphere model used in this analysis is discussed in Attachment II of this report. 
Radionuclide-specific BDCFs developed in this analysis are expressed in terms of total effective 
dose equivalent (TEDE) (10 CFR 20) for the average member of the critical group resulting from 
an annual internal and external exposure to radionuclides in the environmental media, from unit 
of surface activity concentration deposited on the ground with contaminated volcanic ash. 
Exposure pathways included in the BDCFs are specific to the exposure scenario under 
consideration. In general, they include ingestion, inhalation, and external exposure (see Section 
6.3 for the description of exposure scenario and pathways). The BDCFs were calculated in a 
probabilistic analysis by producing multiple realizations of the model outcome from multiple 
sampling results of the model input parameters. The present analysis is analogous to the ones 
conducted previously to develop disruptive event BDCFs (CRWMS M&O 2000a, CRWMS 
M&O 2000b) and is appropriate for generation of input for the TSPA model. 
6.1 RADIONUCLIDES OF INTEREST 
Seventeen radionuclides were identified as important for a direct release from an extrusive 
volcanic event. This includes thirteen radionuclides considered important out to 10,000 years 
(90Sr, 137Cs, 227Ac, 229Th. 231Pa, 232U, 233U, 234U, 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Am, and 243Am) and four 
additional radionuclides for the dose estimates out to one million years (210Pb, 226Ra, 230Th, 
242Pu) (CRWMS M&O 2000m). 
6.2 RECEPTOR OF INTEREST 
Receptor of interest is defined as a hypothetical individual for whom the dose consequences of 
the postulated radionuclide release from the potential repository are assessed. For this analysis 
an average member of the critical group is a receptor of interest. The critical group is defined as 
the group of individuals reasonably expected to receive the greatest exposure to radioactive 
releases from the potential repository over time, considering the circumstances under which the 
analysis is carried out. 
Critical group used in this analysis has been developed in CRWMS M&O (2000n). The report 
(CRWMS M&O 2000n) characterizes the critical group as a relatively homogeneously exposed 
group residing within a farming community. It is expected to receive the highest exposure for 
the exposure scenario under consideration (see Section 6.3 for the description of exposure 
scenario). It consists of full-time residents that are involved in agricultural activities for a 
significant part of a day; spend part of a day recreating outdoors; and consume locally grown

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 34 December 2000 
food, some of which is grown in their own gardens. The average member of the critical group 
defined in such a manner is an individual who represents the exposure scenario based on the sitespecific, 
but prudently conservative, exposure assumptions and parameter values within model 
calculations. The average member of the critical group is represented by mean values of 
behaviors and characteristics, which were derived from each individual exposure parameters 
frequency distribution for the critical group. In terms of the biosphere model outcome, BDCFs 
for the average member of the critical group are represented by the mean value of the BDCF 
probability distribution for the critical group. 
The proposed NRC rule requires that, The behaviors and characteristics of the average member 
of the critical group shall be based on the mean value of the critical groups variability range 
(Dyer 1999, Section 115 (b)(4) of the attachment). In the previous biosphere modeling effort 
(CRWMS M&O 2000a), for all exposure characteristics of the average member of the critical 
group, the mean fixed values were used, while the parameters associated with the environmental 
transport of radionuclides were allowed to be represented by probability distribution functions 
(see Sections 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 for the discussion of the model parameters). In the current analysis, 
exposure parameters (e.g., locally produced food consumption rates) for the critical group are 
represented by their probability distributions to include uncertainty in these important parameters 
in the overall uncertainty of the modeling outcome. However, the mean values of the parameters 
distributions were calculated such that they coincide with either the food consumption survey 
means, in the case of food consumption rates, or with the best estimates of the parameter value in 
the case of other parameters. By doing so, the mean values of the BDCF distributions are the 
same as the mean values of the BDCF distributions calculated using fixed mean values of 
exposure parameters. However, the latter BDCFs distributions are broader because they include 
variability in behavioral characteristics. 
6.3 EXPOSURE SCENARIOS 
The objective of biosphere modeling is to provide the numerical values of BDCFs, which 
represent expected annual doses to a human receptor of interest from radionuclides postulated to 
be released to the environment due to the volcanic eruption intersecting the repository (see 
Figure 2). BDCFs are calculated for a unit of activity concentration of contaminated volcanic 
ash deposited on the ground per unit surface area.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 35 December 2000 
Figure 2. Representation of the Volcanic Eruption Intersecting the Repository 
Exposure scenarios establish the circumstances of human exposure to radionuclides present in 
the biosphere. Specific aspects of exposure scenarios that are applicable to the Yucca Mountain 
region and to the type of receptor under consideration were first identified as features, events, 
and processes (FEPs). 
6.3.1 Features, Events, and Processes 
One of the requirements that the reference biosphere must meet is that FEPs that describe the 
reference biosphere shall be consistent with present knowledge of the conditions in the region 
surrounding the Yucca Mountain site (Dyer 1999, Section 115 (a)(1) of the attachment). The 
selection of applicable FEPs forms a basis of the definition of human exposure conditions. The 
selection should comprehensively address site-specific aspects of human exposure to 
radionuclides released to the environment from the potential repository. The list of FEPs 
potentially applicable to the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project has been constructed 
and described in detail (CRWMS M&O 2000o). The evaluation of the applicability of 
biosphere-related FEPs is being performed and the screening arguments for inclusion or 
exclusion of specific FEPs are being developed and documented (Evaluation of the Applicability 
of Biosphere-Related Features, Events, and Processes (FEP), ANL-MGR-MD-000011, 
REV 01). Table 4 lists FEPs that are considered in the biosphere model for the extrusive 
volcanic event and describes how and where a specific FEP is addressed within the current 
model.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 36 December 2000 
BDCFs, developed for the average member of the critical group, account for transfer of 
radionuclides through the human food chain and for human dosimetry. The mechanisms of 
radionuclide transfer through the biosphere, called exposure pathways, were first identified and 
then modeled. These exposure pathways are described in the following section. 
From the perspective of BDCF calculation for volcanic eruption, three different human exposure 
scenarios were specified for different phases during, and following, volcanic 
eruption: (1) eruption, (2) transition, and (3) steady-state. The eruption phase refers to the 
conditions during the volcanic eruption. Because of the expected high concentration of 
particulates in air during this phase, inhalation of airborne contaminated ash particles is the only 
primary pathway considered in calculation. 
The transition phase is characterized by resuspension of volcanic ash deposited on the ground 
during the eruption phase. The contaminated ash is thus available for inhalation. Resuspended 
ash, if deposited on plant surfaces, may cause contamination on crops used for human 
consumption and animal feed. Contamination of crops may also occur through the root uptake of 
radioactivity in the soil. Contaminated animal feed results in contamination of animal products, 
such as milk, meat and eggs. It is postulated that contaminated ash is not mixed into the soil 
below the ash layer for the duration of the entire transition phase (see Section 5.1). This is a 
conservative approach that maximizes inhalation of resuspended particles, but does not affect 
other pathways, such as root uptake. Concentration of resuspended particles in air during the 
transition phase decreases exponentially, until it reaches pre-eruption conditions (CRWMS 
M&O 2000h). The process of reduction of initially high dust concentrations in air takes up to 
10 years (CRWMS M&O 2000h). When the biosphere system returns to the pre-eruption dust 
levels, the third, steady-state, phase begins. This phase is characterized by the same levels of 
suspended particulates in the air as those used for the development of the nominal performance 
BDCFs. For the steady-state phase, radioactivity previously deposited on the ground from a 
volcanic eruption is assumed to be uniformly mixed into 15-cm layer of top soil, regardless of 
the initial thickness of ash deposit.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 37 December 2000 
Table 4. Consideration of Features, Events, and Processes Considered Applicable to YMP within the Biosphere Model for Calculation of Nominal 
Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors 
FEP Name 
YMP FEP 
Database 
Number Reference/Comment 
Soil type 2.3.02.01.00 
The soil type FEP is considered for the selection of the values for the soil-to-plant transfer coefficient (values 
for sandy soils were selected, if available) controlling radionuclide transfer from soils to plants, as well as for 
the calculation of leaching factors, which quantify the fraction of radioactivity removed from the top soil layer 
by leaching, and development of soil-related parameters, such as soil density. (See Section 6.5.3 of this 
document for the specific use of these parameters within the model.) These parameters were developed and 
documented in the AMRs and are used as input to this analysis. 
Soil and sediment 
transport 
2.3.02.03.00 
Removal of radionuclides from top layer of soil by the process of wind erosion (aeolian processes) is 
addressed within the biosphere model when considering long-term effects of agricultural land use. This 
process is not directly included in the calculation of the nominal performance BDCFs, but rather it is applied 
within the TSPA model to modify/adjust the contamination source term. 
Precipitation 2.3.11.01.00 
Precipitation (precipitation rate) is a parameter which is not used directly in the model, but rather it is used to 
derive the values of other input parameters that depend on the overall water balance, such as leaching rate, 
irrigation rates for various crops, as well as home irrigation rate. The usage of precipitation is addressed in 
the AMRs, which document development of input parameters for the biosphere model. (See Sections 6.5.2 
and 6.5.3 of this document for the description of input and its sources). 
Surface runoff and 
flooding 
2.3.11.02.00 
Evapotranspiration and infiltration are the factors in the water balance equation used to derive certain input 
parameters described above (see comment for FEP 2.3.11.01.00). 
Biosphere characteristics 2.3.13.01.00 
Biosphere characteristics such as climate, vegetation, fauna and flora are included in the model as the 
components of the reference biosphere. Specific relationships between these components form the 
foundation of the biosphere model used in this analysis and are shown in Figure 3 of this document. 
Biosphere transport 2.3.13.02.00 See comment above, i.e., for FEP 2.3.13.01.00. 
Human characteristics 
(physiology, metabolism) 
2.4.01.00.00 
Human characteristics, such as physiology and metabolism, are considered as elements of human dosimetry 
and they are inherent to dose conversion factors (conversion factors from radionuclide intake to dose). 
Alternative to the current selection of the dose conversion factors is discussed in Section 6.7 of this 
document. Also see Section 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 of this document for the additional description of dosimetric 
input. 
Diet and fluid intake 2.4.03.00.00 
Consumption rates of locally produced food and tap water for the critical group are included among the model 
input parameters which were developed in the input AMRs. See Section 6.5.3 of this document for the 
description of input and its sources. 
Human lifestyle 2.4.04.01.00 
Conditions of human exposure are based on the assumed lifestyle of the receptor of interest (farming 
community). This is apparent in the selection of specific values of exposure parameters (which, in addition to 
food and water consumption rates, include amount of time spent outdoors for work, recreation, and inhalation 
exposure time) specific to the critical groups lifestyle. The human exposure parameters are described in the 
input AMR. (See Section 6.2 of this document for the discussion of human receptor and Sections 6.5.2 and 
6.5.3 of this document for the description of input and its sources.)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 38 December 2000 
Table 4. Consideration of Features, Events, and Processes Considered Applicable to YMP within the Biosphere Model for Calculation of 
Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor (Continued) 
FEP Name 
YMP FEP 
Database 
Number Reference/Comment 
Dwellings 2.4.07.00.00 
Type of dwellings and the habits of human receptor are addressed in the AMR, which develops the critical 
group. (See Section 6.2 of this document for the discussion of human receptor and Sections 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 
of this document for the description of input and its sources.) 
Agricultural land use and 
irrigation 
2.4.09.01.00 
Agricultural land use by the human receptor is addressed in the AMR that develops the critical group (see 
Section 6.2 of this document). Irrigation characteristics are included in biosphere model input. (See Section 
6.2 of this document for the discussion of human receptor and Sections 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 of this document for 
the description of input and its sources.) 
Animal farms and 
fisheries 
2.4.09.02.00 
Contamination of animal products is considered in the model. (See mathematical representation of the 
biosphere model in Attachment I of this document for the description of submodels addressing radionuclide 
transfer to animal products and fish.) 
Drinking water, foodstuffs 
and drugs, contaminant 
concentrations in 
3.3.01.00.00 
Consumption rates of locally produced food and tap water for the critical group are included among the model 
input parameters which were developed in the input AMRs. (See Section 6.2 of this document for the 
discussion of human receptor and Sections 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 of this document for the description of input and 
its sources.) 
Plant uptake 3.3.02.01.00 
Contamination of crops is considered in the model by using steady-state transfer factors. (See mathematical 
representation of the biosphere model in Attachment I of this document for the description of submodels 
addressing radionuclide transfer to crops.) 
Animal uptake 3.3.02.02.00 
Contamination of animal products is considered in the model by using steady-state transfer factors. (See 
mathematical representation of the biosphere model in Attachment I of this document for the description of 
submodels addressing radionuclide transfer to animal products.) 
Bioaccumulation 3.3.02.03.00 
The process of accumulation of radioactive contaminants in food products is considered in the model. (See 
mathematical representation of the biosphere model in Attachment I of this document for the description of 
submodels addressing radionuclide transfer to crops, animal products and fish.) 
Ingestion 3.3.04.01.00 
Ingestion of locally produced food and tap water is included in the model as one of the exposure pathways. 
Consumption rates of locally produced food and tap water for the critical group are included among the model 
input parameters which were developed in the input AMRs. (See Sections 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 of this document 
for the description of input and its sources.) 
Inhalation 3.3.04.02.00 
Inhalation of resuspended particular matter is included in the model as one of the pathways. (See 
mathematical representation of the biosphere model in Attachment I of this document.) Parameters for the 
inhalation pathway are developed in the input AMR  see Sections 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 of this document for the 
description of input and its sources. 
External exposure 3.3.04.03.00 
External exposure pathway is included in the model. (See mathematical representation of the biosphere 
model in Attachment I of this document.) Parameters for the external exposure pathways are developed in 
the input AMR  see Sections 6.5.2 and 6.5.3 of this document for the description of input parameters and 
their sources.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 39 December 2000 
Table 4. Consideration of Features, Events, and Processes Considered Applicable to YMP within the Biosphere Model for Calculation of 
Nominal Performance Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor (Continued) 
FEP Name 
YMP FEP 
Database 
Number Reference/Comment 
Radiation doses 3.3.05.01.00 
Calculation of radiation doses is carried out by the human dosimetry component of the biosphere model. 
(See mathematical representation of the biosphere model in Attachment I of this document for the description 
of dosimetric component of the model.) 
SOURCE: CRWMS M&O 2000o

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 40 December 2000 
6.3.2 Exposure Pathway Identification and Modeling 
For the transition and steady-state phases, modeling of the movement of radionuclides through 
the food chain is accomplished by identifying specific routes, or pathways, taken by 
radionuclides through the biosphere from the source of contamination to a human receptor. 
Current regional land use and other local current conditions influence pathways that are 
considered significant. The analysis considered pathways that are typical for the current 
conditions for the critical group residing within a hypothetical farming community in the vicinity 
of Yucca Mountain. The farming critical group was selected because farming activities typically 
involve more exposure pathways than other human activities identified in the Yucca Mountain 
region (64 FR 8640, Section VI of the Supplementary Information). The exposure pathways 
included ingestion of contaminated crops and animal products, inhalation, and external exposure 
from contaminated soil. Specifically, the following exposure pathways were considered for the 
development of the BDCFs for an extrusive volcanic event: 
 Consumption of locally produced leafy vegetables 
 Consumption of other locally produced vegetables 
 Consumption of locally produced fruit 
 Consumption of locally produced grain 
 Consumption of locally produced meat 
 Consumption of locally produced poultry 
 Consumption of locally produced milk 
 Consumption of locally produced eggs 
 Inadvertent soil ingestion 
 Inhalation of resuspended particulate matter 
 External exposure to contaminated soil. 
Ingestion of contaminated drinking water and contaminated aquatic food, which were considered 
for the nominal performance of the potential repository, were not included in this analysis 
because of the assumption that groundwater was not contaminated. 
Pathway modeling is accomplished using simple mathematical formulations reflecting transfer 
compartments in the environment. This approach to biosphere modeling was used to calculate 
BDCFs and it is shown schematically in Figure 3. Modeling of radionuclide transport through 
each compartment of the biosphere applied steady-state transfer factors, e.g., soil-to-plant and 
plant-to-animal product transfer coefficients. (See Attachment I for the numerical representation 
of the model, including the description of submodels and associated transfer parameters.) 
The use of pathway analysis results in determination of the total exposure of the individual to 
radionuclides. The human dosimetry component of the biosphere model was then invoked to 
convert both internal exposure, through ingestion and inhalation, and external exposure from unit 
activity concentration in soil to TEDE for the human receptor resulting from an annual exposure 
to radionuclides.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 41 December 2000 
Figure 3. Block Diagram of Biosphere Conceptual Model for Extrusive Volcanic Event 
6.4 DEVELOPMENT OF DOSE FACTORS FOR THE ERUPTION PHASE 
For the eruption phase, dose factors (DFs) were developed, rather than BDCFs. DFs represent 
doses resulting from one-day intake of radionuclides by inhalation of air containing unit activity 
concentration of a radionuclide under consideration (1 pCi/m3). The inhalation exposure time is 
equal to 6073.5 hours per year (CRWMS M&O 2000h) which results in an inhalation exposure 
factor of 0.693, calculated by dividing 6073.5 hours of inhalation exposure time per year by the 
total number of hours per year (8760 hours). Inhalation exposure time and, subsequently, 
inhalation exposure factor do not reflect actual time spent outdoors. Rather, they are scaling 
factors that include inhalation exposure both outdoors and indoors. DFs for the eruption were 
calculated using the following formula: 
Sv 
rem 
pCi 
Bq 
Bq 
Sv 
DCF 
d 
m 
d pCi
m rem 
DF inh 100 037 . 0 693 . 0 23 
3 3 
  . .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
  = . .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
(Eq. 4)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 42 December 2000 
where: 
23 
d 
m3  breathing rate 
DCFinh  dose conversion factor for inhalation, 
Bq 
Sv 
0.037 
pCi 
Bq  conversion factor from picocuries to becquerels 
100 
Sv 
rem  conversion factor from sieverts to rems. 
DCFs for inhalation used in Equation 4 are listed in Table 5. Federal Guidance Report No. 11 
(Eckerman et al. 1988) (MO0007SPAEDC20.002) was used as the source of DCFs. DFs are also 
listed in Table 5. When more than one DCF was given for a particular radionuclide, the most 
conservative DCF was used. 
Table 5. Dose Conversion Factors and Dose Factors 
Radionuclide 
DCF for Inhalationa 
Sv/Bq 
Dose Factors b 
rem/(pCi d) 
90Sr 6.47E-8 3.82E-06 
137Cs 8.63E-9 5.09E-07 
210Pb 3.67E-6 2.17E-04 
226Ra 2.32E-6 1.37E-04 
227Ac 1.81E-3 1.07E-01 
229Th 5.80E-4 3.42E-02 
230Th 8.80E-5 5.19E-03 
231Pa 3.47E-4 2.05E-02 
232U 1.78E-4 1.05E-02 
233U 3.66E-5 2.16E-03 
234U 3.58E-5 2.11E-03 
238Pu 1.06E-4 6.25E-03 
239Pu 1.16E-4 6.84E-03 
240Pu 1.16E-4 6.84E-03 
242Pu 1.11E-4 6.55E-03 
241Am 1.20E-4 7.08E-03 
243Am 1.19E-4 7.02E-03 
NOTES: a Eckerman et al. 1988, Table 2.1 
bCalculated using Equation 4

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 43 December 2000 
The use of DFs to calculate dose for the eruption phase is as follows: 
. .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
 . .. 
. 
. .. 
. 
 .. 
. .. 
. = .. 
. .. 
. 
d pCi
m rem 
DF 
g 
pCi 
C 
m
g 
S 
d 
rem 
Dose ash 
3 
3 (Eq. 5) 
where:
S 
average daily mass concentration of particulates in air, 3 m
g 
Cash  activity concentration of radionuclide in ash, 
g 
pCi 
. 
6.5 DEVELOPMENT OF BIOSPHERE DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS FOR THE 
TRANSITION AND THE STEADY-STATE PHASES 
GENII-S, A Code for Statistical and Deterministic Simulations of Radiation Doses to Humans 
from Radionuclides in the Environment (Leigh et al. 1993) was chosen to support biosphere 
modeling for an extrusive igneous event (volcanic eruption). Using a comprehensive set of 
environmental pathway models, the code calculated the environmental transport of radionuclides 
following the initial deposition of contaminated ash on the soil surface. The code calculates 
radionuclide concentrations in air (from resuspension), soil, and various foodstuffs, which are 
combined with human intake and external exposure parameters and subsequently converted to 
internal and external radiation doses. A description of the environmental transport and uptake 
models implemented by the GENII-S code, which are important for biosphere modeling, is 
included in Attachment I. 
Conversion of radionuclide intake by ingestion or inhalation is accomplished in GENII-S by 
application of dose conversion factors, which represent dose per unit activity intake by ingestion 
or by inhalation. Conversion factors depend on the chemical and physical form of the 
radionuclide. BDCFs for the extrusive igneous event were calculated using the set of the most 
conservative dose conversion factors which result in the highest doses for inhalation and 
ingestion. 
BDCFs were developed, using probabilistic analysis, for five hypothetical ash thickness/mass 
loading conditions that could exist following volcanic eruption. The receptor of interest was an 
average member of the critical group. BDCFs were calculated in a series of GENII-S 
simulations for each of the 17 radionuclides (see Section 6.1). Each simulation resulted in 
150 model realizations. (Model realization is one of the possible model outcomes obtained as a 
result of a single round of sampling of the model input parameters.) This section describes the 
details of probabilistic analysis, development of input parameters, as well as the specific 
modeling input values, and the summary of output for the five cases under consideration. 
6.5.1 Probabilistic Analysis 
To develop BDCFs, the probabilistic approach was taken which allows statistical sampling of 
parameter values described by their probability distribution functions (PDF). This method, 
called Monte Carlo analysis, provides a quantitative evaluation of uncertainty and its impacts on

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 44 December 2000 
the modeling outcome represented by distributions of potential modeling results  BDCFs. 
When performing BDCF calculations, a large quantity of parameters is encountered. GENII-S 
has the capability of representing some of the model parameters by their PDFs. Parameter 
values were sampled using the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) scheme. With LHS, the 
probability distribution is divided into intervals of equal probability. The code then samples a 
value for each interval, which results in a more even and consistent sampling compared with the 
conventional Monte Carlo random sampling scheme. 
There are more than 100 input parameters used in the GENII-S model (see Table 6). Some of 
these parameters can be represented by a distribution while the others are fixed. 
Table 6. GENII-S Parameters 
Distribution 
Parameter 
GENII-S Biosphere Selection 
RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATION IN SOIL 
Depth of Surface Soil Variable Fixed 
Surface Soil Density Variable Fixed 
Deep Soil Density Variable Fixed 
Prior Irrigation Duration Fixed Fixed 
Home Irrigation Rate Variable Variable 
Home Irrigation Duration Variable Fixed 
Leaching Factors Fixed Fixed 
Crop Yields Variable Variable 
RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATION IN AIR 
Deposition Velocity Variable Fixed 
Mass Loading Variable Variable 
RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATION IN PLANTS FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL 
CONSUMPTION 
Resuspension Factor Variable Variable 
Growing Time Variable Variable 
Fraction of Roots in Upper Soil Variable Fixed 
Fraction of Roots in Deep Soil Variable Fixed 
Irrigation Rates Variable Variable 
Irrigation Times Variable Variable 
Interception Fraction (irrigation) Variable Variable 
Weathering Half-life Fixed Fixed 
Translocation Factors Fixed Fixed 
Soil-to-Plant Transfer Factors Fixed Fixed 
Soil-to-Plant Transfer Scaling Factor Variable Variable 
Crop Biomass Fixed Fixed 
Dry-to-Wet Ratio Fixed Fixed 
RADIONUCLIDE CONCENTRATION IN ANIMAL PRODUCTS 
Feed Storage Time Variable Fixed 
Dietary Fraction Variable Fixed 
Contaminated Water Fraction Variable Fixed 
Animal Feed and Water Consumption Rates Fixed Fixed 
Transfer Coefficients for Animal Products Fixed Fixed 
Animal Product Transfer Scaling Factor Variable Variable 
Bioaccumulation Factors for Fish Fixed Fixed 
HUMAN EXPOSURE 
Drinking Water Holdup Variable Fixed 
Water Consumption Rates Variable Variable 
Crop/Animal Product Holdup Variable Fixed

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 45 December 2000 
Table 6. GENII-S Parameters (continued) 
Distribution 
Parameter 
GENII-S Biosphere Selection 
Food Consumption Rates Variable Variable 
Soil Ingestion Rate Variable Fixed 
Inhalation Exposure Time Variable Variable 
Chronic Breathing Rate Fixed Fixed 
Soil Exposure Time Variable Variable 
DOSIMETRIC PARAMETERS 
Human Dose Scaling Factor Variable Fixed 
Dose Commitment Period Fixed Fixed 
DCFs/DFs Fixed Fixed 
Organ/Tissue Weighting Factors Fixed Fixed 
NOTE: Shaded cells represent variables that are allowed in GENII-S to be represented by 
probability distribution functions, but were chosen as fixed values. 
In general, parameters that could potentially be represented by a probability distribution function, 
but which were determined to have less influence on the final BDCF, were selected as fixed 
values (see shaded cells in Table 6). Such parameters include storage and holdup times (which 
are inconsequential for long-lived radionuclides), parameters related to properties of the soils 
(which were determined based on site-specific information), and parameters whose values were 
maximized for conservatism (e.g. home irrigation rate, fraction of contaminated water used for 
animal watering). Representing less important parameters as fixed values helped to alleviate the 
computational burden on the software and allowed increasing the maximum possible number of 
model realizations, thus improving statistical representation of the outcome. To obtain 
statistically valid results using LHS the minimum number of realizations has to be 1.33 times 
greater than the number of sampled parameters (LaPlante and Poor 1997, page 3-2). The number 
of sampled parameters was equal to 37 for the current analysis, which sets the minimum number 
of realization to about 50. 
The code has a computational limitation on the combined total of the number of parameters 
represented by probability distributions and the number of realizations. That is, if more 
parameters are sampled from their probability distributions, the number of possible realizations 
decreases. The actual number of realizations that the code can process and produce output in a 
practical text format depends on the size of an output array and the number of variables that are 
sampled and calculated. The code calculates 27 dependent variables, which when combined 
with 37 independent variables gives 64 variables whose values are included in the output file 
(DTN: MO0010MWDPBD03.007). The maximum number of realizations can be determined by 
dividing 10,000 by the number of variables. In this case the number of variables was 64, so the 
maximum number of realizations was equal to 156. The number of realizations was therefore set 
at 150. 
The statistical sampling technique described above produced a set of 150 single model 
realizations (BDCFs) from a set of sampled parameter values (inputs). The 150 model 
realizations were then statistically summarized and characterized to produce probability 
distributions of BDCFs that can be used in the TSPA model.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 46 December 2000 
6.5.2 Development of Input Parameters 
As noted before, GENII-S uses a large number of input parameters. These parameters can be 
classified into two main groups: (1) the parameters that influence, or are related to, radionuclide 
transport and accumulation in the biosphere, and (2) the parameters related to characteristics of 
the human receptor. Input parameters, whether characterized as fixed constants or uncertain 
parameters with associated probability distributions, have been developed for each of the model 
runs. When available, site-specific data were used to determine input parameter values. 
However, for many parameters, the only available data were not completely representative of the 
reference biosphere and the population being assessed. In those cases, developed parameter 
values reflect expert judgement regarding the degree to which each parameter is unknown. In 
this aspect, the resulting frequency distribution may be to some degree subjective and should not 
be considered to represent only natural variability. However, the selection of the parameter 
values was guided by the general assessment philosophy, which was to use generally 
conservative assumptions to ensure that the results are unlikely to underestimate the 
corresponding values of BDCFs for the considered radionuclide transport and uptake conditions 
and mechanisms. 
A majority of the input parameters were developed in a series of analyses. The supporting 
documentation, including justification for the selection of parameter values, ranges, and 
distributions can be found in associated AMRs, as listed in Table 2. The remaining parameters 
are addressed below. 
6.5.2.1 Ingestion Exposure Parameters 
The previously developed set of ingestion exposure parameters (DTN: MO0002RIB00068.000) 
includes recommended values of thirteen parameters: water source, drinking water treatment, 
crop interception fraction, water contaminated fraction, irrigation water contamination fraction, 
irrigation time, irrigation rate, aquatic food consideration, food yield, grow time, holdup time, 
storage time, and dietary fraction. Some of these parameters were developed using inconsistent 
food type groupings. To correct for these inconsistencies, four of the parameters (growing time, 
irrigation time, irrigation rate, and yield) were re-developed as described in Attachment III. 
The summary of the results is presented in Table 7.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 47 December 2000 
Table 7. Summary of Developed Ingestion Parameter Values for Amargosa Valley 
Parameter Distribution 
Reasonable 
Estimate 
Minimum 
Value 
Maximum 
Value 
Growing Time (d): 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 57 45 68 
Root vegetables Uniform 84 70 98 
Fruit Uniform 136 88 184 
Grain Fixed 244 244 244 
Fresh feed for beef Triangular 47 46 135 
Stored feed for poultry Fixed 140 140 140 
Fresh feed for milk Triangular 47 46 135 
Stored feed for eggs Fixed 140 140 140 
Irrigation Time (mo/yr): 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 3.8 3.0 4.5 
Root vegetables Uniform 3.9 3.2 4.6 
Fruit Uniform 4.5 2.9 6.0 
Grain Fixed 8.0 8.0 8.0 
Fresh feed for beef Fixed 12 12 12 
Stored feed for poultry Fixed 4.6 4.6 4.6 
Fresh feed for milk Fixed 12 12 12 
Stored feed for eggs Fixed 4.6 4.6 4.6 
Irrigation Rate (in/yr) 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 36 28 43 
Root vegetables Uniform 50 47 52 
Fruit Uniform 38 30 45 
Grain Fixed 56 56 56 
Fresh feed for beef Fixed 95 95 95 
Stored feed for poultry Fixed 75 75 75 
Fresh feed for milk Fixed 95 95 95 
Stored feed for eggs Fixed 75 75 75 
Crop Yield (kg/m2) 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 4.6 4.4 4.8 
Root vegetables Uniform 7.0 4.1 9.8 
Fruit Uniform 2.0 1.6 2.3 
Grain Uniform 0.5 0.3 0.7 
Fresh feed for beef Uniform 1.1 1.0 1.2 
Stored feed for poultry Uniform 0.7 0.6 0.8 
Fresh feed for milk Uniform 1.1 1.0 1.2 
Stored feed for eggs Uniform 0.7 0.6 0.8 
Source: Table III-1, Attachment III

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 48 December 2000 
6.5.2.2 Dose Coefficients 
A previously developed set of dose coefficients (DCs) for a 15-cm layer of contaminated soil 
(MO9912RIB00066.000) was amended because it did not include radionuclides considered 
important for up to one million years. Also, an additional set of DCs was developed for the soil 
contaminated to a depth of 1 cm. This set was used in calculations of BDCFs for a thin layer 
of ash. 
For most radionuclides, their progeny must be taken into account in BDCF calculations. 
Progeny should match those considered in GENII-S for a given radionuclide. Following 
computational methods of GENII-S, DCs for some radionuclides include contributions from their 
own chains of short-lived radionuclides. DCs were developed using the same method as that 
described previously (CRWMS M&O 1999), using accepted data from Federal Guidance Report 
No. 12 (FGR-12) (Eckerman and Ryman 1993) (MO9912SPASUB02.001) as the source of the 
data in Table 7. DCs in the FGR-12 are listed in units of Sv/s per Bq/m3. GENII-S input has to 
be in Sv/y per Bq/m3. DC were therefore converted to the units used in GENII-S input file by 
multiplying FGR-12 DCs by the conversion factor of 3.15107 s/y. In addition, for three 
radionuclides (222Rn, 225Ac, and 223Ra) contributions from their short-lived progeny were added 
to the DC of a parent, in a process described in CRWMS M&O (1999). DCs for radionuclides of 
interest and their progeny are summarized in Table 8. 
Table 8. Dose Coefficients for 1-cm and 15-cm Layer of Contaminated Soil for Radionuclides of Interest 
(shown in bold type) and Their Progeny 
Dose Coefficient for contaminated soil 
1 cm 15 cm Radionuclide 
Sv/s 
per Bq/m3 a 
Sv/y 
per Bq/m3 b 
Sv/s 
per Bq/m3 a 
Sv/y 
per Bq/m3 b 
90Sr 1.31E-21 4.13E-14 3.72E-21 1.17E-13 
90Y 3.10E-20 9.77E-13 1.20E-19 3.78E-12 
137Cs + 137mBa 3.77E-18 1.12E-10 1.71E-17 5.39E-10 
210Pb 8.27E-21 2.61E-13 1.31E-20 4.13E-13 
210Bi 5.54E-21 1.75E-13 1.86E-20 5.86E-13 
210Po 5.32E-23 1.68E-15 2.45E-22 7.72E-15 
226Ra 4.15E-20 1.31E-12 1.65E-19 5.20E-12 
222Rn + progeny c (2.54E-21) (1.14E-20) 
218Po (5.70E-23) (2.63E-22) 
214Pb (1.57E-18) (6.70E-18) 
214Bi (9.15E-18) (4.36E-17) 
214Po (5.22E-22) 
3.40E-10 
(2.40E-21) 
1.58E-09 
210Pb d 
227Ac 7.70E-22 2.43E-14 2.62E-21 8.26E-14 
229Th 5.09E-19 1.60E-11 1.70E-18 5.36E-11 
225Ra 4.24E-20 1.34E-12 5.90E-20 1.86E-12

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 49 December 2000 
Table 8. Dose Coefficients for 1-cm and 15-cm Layer of Contaminated Soil for Radionuclides of 
Interest (shown in bold type) and Their Progeny (Continued) 
Dose Coefficient for contaminated soil 
1 cm 15 cm Radionuclide 
Sv/s 
per Bq/m3 a 
Sv/y 
per Bq/m3 b 
Sv/s 
per Bq/m3 a 
Sv/y 
per Bq/m3 b 
225Ac + progeny c (9.56E-20) (3.34E-19) 
221Fr (1.93E-19) (7.90E-19) 
217At (1.95E-21) (8.61E-21) 
213Bi (8.52E-19) (3.75E-18) 
213Po at 97.84% (0) (0) 
209Tl at 2.16% (2.66E-19) (1.25E-18) 
209Pb (1.40E-21) 
4.44E-11 
(4.08E-21) 
1.93E-10 
230Th 2.33E-21 7.34E-14 6.39E-21 2.02E-13 
226Ra d 
213Pa 2.30E-19 7.25E-12 9.62E-19 3.03E-11 
227Th 6.49E-19 2.04E-11 2.65E-18 8.35E-11 
223Fr 3.10E-19 9.77E-12 1.01E-18 3.18E-11 
223Ra + progeny c (8.10E-19) (3.10E-18) 
219Rn (3.56E-19) (1.54E-18) 
215Po (1.13E-21) (4.98E-21) 
211Pb (3.25E-19) (1.46E-18) 
211Bi (2.96E-19) (1.28E-18) 
207Tl (2.26E-20) 
5.70E-11 
(9.48E-20) 
2.36E-10 
232U 1.88E-21 5.92E-14 4.77E-21 1.50E-13 
233U 2.16E-21 6.80E-14 7.24E-21 2.28E-13 
229Th d 
234U 1.01E-21 3.18E-14 2.14E-21 6.74E-14 
238Pu 6.34E-22 2.00E-14 8.07E-22 2.54E-14 
234U d 
239Pu 5.61E-22 1.77E-14 1.52E-21 4.79E-14 
240Pu 6.20E-22 1.95E-14 7.84E-22 2.47E-14 
236U 6.53E-22 2.06E-14 1.14E-21 3.60E-14 
242Pu 5.23E-22 1.65E-14 6.85E-22 2.16E-14 
241Am 1.15E-19 3.62E-12 2.34E-19 7.37E-12 
237Np 1.38E-19 4.35E-12 4.16E-19 1.31E-11 
243Am 2.96E-19 9.32E-12 7.60E-19 2.39E-11 
239Np 1.02E-18 3.21E-11 3.90E-18 1.23E-10 
239Pu d 
NOTES: 
a Eckerman and Ryman 1993 
b (Sv/s per Bq/m3) x (3.15 x 107 s/y) = Sv/yr per Bq/m3 
c Contribution from progeny listed below is added to the DC for this radionuclide 
d The DCs for this radionuclide and its progeny, if applicable, have been listed earlier in this Table.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 50 December 2000 
6.5.3 Modeling Input 
GENII input consists of parameters included in input files and parameters entered using a 
menu-driven interface. The content of input files is shown, as images of the files, in Figures 4, 5, 
6, and 7. Figure 4 shows the image of the DEFSR.IN file containing default parameter values 
and conversion factors for GENII-S simulations. (For some parameters, if the user does not 
enter a parameter value using a menu-driven interface, a value from the default file is assigned to 
this parameter. The file also contains unit conversion factors.) Parameters included in this file 
that were used in the calculation of BDCFs were developed in CRWMS M&O (2000f) 
(MO0010SPAPET07.004) except for the chronic breathing rate as documented in CRWMS 
M&O (2000h) (MO0010SPAAAM01.014). Parameters not used in the present analysis 
remained unchanged from the GENII-S original default value.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 51 December 2000 
Figure 4. The Image of the DEFSR.IN File (Default Parameter Values and Conversion Factors)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 52 December 2000 
Figure 5. The Image of the FTRANSR.DAT File (Food Transfer Coefficients and Leaching Factors) 
The image of the file containing food transfer factors for the elements under consideration, 
FTRANSR.DAT, developed in CRWMS M&O (2000g) (MO0010SPAPTC08.005) is shown in 
Figure 5. This file also contains leaching factors developed in a separate report (CRWMS M&O 
2000k) (MO0004RIB00085.000). Figures 6 and 7 show the images of the files containing dose 
coefficients (for both the primary radionuclides and their decay products) for external exposure 
from soil contaminated to a depth of 15 cm (file name GRDFSR.DAT) and 1 cm (file name 
GRDF1SR.DAT), respectively. The dose coefficients for a 15-cm layer of soil were developed 
previously (CRWMS M&O 1999) (MO9912RIB00066.000). The remaining ones were 
developed in this analysis based on accepted data (MO9912SPASUB02.001) and are 
documented in this report (Section 6.5.2.2). 
As noted previously, GENII-S input consists of input files and parameters entered using a 
menu-driven interface for the individual model runs. BDCFs for the transition phase were 
developed for two ash thicknesses, 1 cm and 15 cm, and for the two distributions of mass 
loading, a distribution of annual average values and a distribution of 10-year average values. 
All together four sets for the transition phase and one set for the steady-state phase BDCFs were 
developed. 
Model input for the specific ash thickness/phase combinations consists of input files and 
menu-accessible input parameters, which are entered manually for individual runs. Some of 
these parameters are common to all the cases under consideration, while the other may be ash 
thickness- or phase-specific.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 53 December 2000 
Figure 6. Image of the GRDFSR.DAT File (Dose Coefficients for Soil Contaminated to 15 cm)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 54 December 2000 
Figure 7. Image of the GRDF1SR.DAT File (Dose Coefficients for Soil Contaminated to 1 cm)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 55 December 2000 
Two distributions of mass loading were considered for calculations of transition phase BDCFs. 
(Mass loading is a GENII-S parameter, which quantifies mass concentration of suspended 
particulates in air.) Detailed descriptions of these distributions are in CRWMS M&O (2000h). 
The first is a distribution of possible annual average values of mass loading following deposition 
of a deep ash layer at the location of the critical group. This distribution describes changes in 
average annual mass loading conditions during one 10-year transition period and is intended to 
bound uncertainties in mass loading due to variation in ash depth. The second is a distribution of 
transition-period (10-year) average values of mass loading that correspond to differences in 
predicted ash depth at the location of the critical group. This distribution is intended to account 
for uncertainties in mass loading due to variation over all predicted ash depths. Sampling of the 
BDCFs developed from this distribution should be performed such that this parameter is 
correlated with the amount of contaminated ash deposited on the ground at the location of the 
critical group. 
Table 9 lists exposure scenarios considered in this calculation, the corresponding input files, and 
the ash thickness- and phase-specific input parameters. Table 10 contains an example of 
menu-driven input. The specific values apply to the transition phase, 1-cm ash deposit, and the 
annual average distribution of mass loading. Parameters listed in Table 10 other than those listed 
in Table 9 are the same for all of the remaining exposure scenarios. The values and selections 
shown in Table 10 are listed in the format that they are entered in GENII-S.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 56 December 2000 
Table 9. Exposure Scenarios Considered in the Calculation, the Corresponding Input Files and the Ash Thickness-, and Phase-Specific Input 
Parameters 
Exposure 
Scenario Input Files Parameter 
Distribution 
Type Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum 
Mass loading based on distribution of annual averages, g/m3 b Loguniform 1.05  10-4 8.64  10-4 3.00  10-3 
Surface ash/soil density, g/m2 c Fixed 1.5  104 
Crop resuspension factor, 1/m c Loguniform 7.0  10-9 5.76  10-8 2.00  10-7 
Fraction of root in upper soil d Fixed 0.067 
Transition 
1 cm of ash 
defsr.in 
ftransr.dat 
grdf1sr.dat 
Fraction of root in deep soil d Fixed 0.933 
Mass loading based on distribution of annual averages, g/m3 a Loguniform 1.05  10-4 8.64  10-4 3.00  10-3 
Surface ash/soil density, g/m2 c Fixed 2.25  105 
Crop resuspension factor, 1/m c Loguniform 4.67  10-10 3.84  10-9 1.33  10-8 
Fraction of root in upper soil d Fixed 1 
Transition 
15 cm of ash 
defsr.in 
ftransr.dat 
grdfsr.dat 
Fraction of root in deep soil d Fixed 0 
Mass loading based on distribution of 10-yr averages, g/m3 b Loguniform 1.05  10-4 3.60  10-4 8.64  10-4 
Surface ash/soil density, g/m2 c Fixed 1.5  104 
Crop resuspension factor, 1/m c Loguniform 7.0  10-9 2.40  10-8 5.76  10-8 
Fraction of root in upper soil d Fixed 0.067 
Transition 
1 cm of ash 
defsr.in 
ftransr.dat 
grdf1sr.dat 
Fraction of root in deep soil d Fixed 0.933 
Mass loading based on distribution of 10-yr averages, g/m3 a Loguniform 1.05  10-4 3.60  10-4 8.64  10-4 
Surface ash/soil density, g/m2 c Fixed 2.25  105 
Crop resuspension factor, 1/m c Loguniform 4.67  10-10 1.60  10-9 3.84  10-9 
Fraction of root in upper soil d Fixed 1 
Transition 
15 cm of 
ash 
defsr.in 
ftransr.dat 
grdfsr.dat 
Fraction of root in deep soil d Fixed 0 
Mass loading based on distribution of annual averages, g/m3 a Normal 3.8  10-5 1.05  10-4 1.73  10-4 
Surface ash/soil density, g/m2 c Fixed 2.25  105 
Crop resuspension factor, 1/m c Normal 1.69  10-10 4.67  10-10 7.69  10-10 
Fraction of root in upper soil d Fixed 1 
Steady-state 
(15 cm of 
soil/ash 
mixture) 
defsr.in 
ftransr.dat 
grdfsr.dat 
Fraction of root in deep soil d Fixed 0 
SOURCES: a CRWMS M&O 2000h for 15-cm ash layer b Section 5.4 of this report for 1-cm ash layer 
c CRWMS M&O 2000f d Section 5.3 of this report

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 57 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
PRE-GENII 
Scenario Options 
- Near-Field Scenario 
- Population Dose 
- Acute Release 
Y
N
N 
NA b 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Near-field 
scenario 
Transport Options 
- Air Transport 
- Surface Water Transport 
- Biotic Transport 
- Waste From Degradation 
N
N
N
N 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
No radionuclide 
transport 
Exposure Pathway Options 
- External Finite Plume 
- External Infinite Plume 
- External Ground Exposure 
- External Recreational Exposure 
- Inhalation Uptake 
- Drinking Water Ingestion 
- Aquatic Food Ingestion 
- Terrestrial Food Ingestion 
- Animal Product Ingestion 
- Inadvertent Soil Ingestion 
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
Y
Y
Y 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Pathway 
selection 
Deterministic Output Options 
- Both Committed and Cumulative 
- EDE by Nuclide 
- EDE by Pathway 
N
N
N 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Output selection 
Edit Flags and Options 
Run Options 
- Inventory Unit Index (1-5) 
- Soil Inventory Unit Index (1-3) 
- Inventory Input Option (1-3) 
- Det Run/Stat Run/Both (1/2/3) 
- Nuclide Intake Duration, yr 
1, pCi 
1, per m2 
2
2
1 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Unit selection, 
Run selection, 
Intake duration 
Select 
Nuclides Radionuclide selection Y/N - - - - Section 6.1

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 58 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
PRE-GENII (continued) 
Select Statistical 
Output 
- Statistical Committed Dose Summary 
- Statistical Committed Nuclide Dose 
- Statistical Committed Pathway Dose 
- Statistical Committed Organ Dose 
- Statistical Cumulative Pathway Dose 
- Statistical Cumulative Organ Dose 
- Statistical External Dose Summary 
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Output Selection 
MAIN EDITING MENU 
Titles And Run 
Controls 
- Model Name 
- Title (2 lines) 
- Latin Hypercube (LHS) or Monte Carlo 
(MC) Sampling 
- The Number of Trials (<=500) 
- A Random Seed (0.0<=Seed<=1.0) 
LHS 
150 
0.333 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Population/Soil/Scenario Data 
- Total Population 
- Population Scale Factor 
- Soil/Plant Transfer Scale Factor, (-) 
- Animal Uptake Scale Factor, (-) 
- Human Dose Factor Scale Factor, (-) 
- Dose Commitment Period, yr 
- Surface Soil Depth, cm 
- Surface Soil Density, kg/m2 
- Deep Soil Density, kg/m3 
- Roots in Upper Soil, fraction 
- Roots in Deep Soil, fraction 
- Air Release Time Before Intake, yr 
- H2O Release Time Before Intake, yr 
1 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
0.0275 
0.117 
-- 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
1
-- 
-- 
1 
50 
1 
15 
1500 
0.067 
0.933 
0
0 
NA 
-- 
36.4 
8.51 
-- 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
-- 
Fixed 
Lognormal 
Lognormal 
Fixed 
NA 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
NA 
NA 
Not used 
Not used 
Input #2 
Input #2 
Input #6 
Input #1 
Input #1 
Input #1 
Input #1 
Input #1 
Not used 
Not used 
Fixed Data Input 
Variable Distribution 
Biotic Trans./Near Field Data 
Not used -- -- -- -- -- --

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 59 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
External/Inhalation Exposure (cont.) 
- Chronic Plume Exposure Time, hr 
- Acute Plume Exposure Time, hr/phr 
- Inhalation Exposure Time, hr/yr 
- Resuspension Model Flag (0-2) 
- Mass Loading, g/m3 
- Transit Time to Rec. Site, hr 
- Swimming Exposure Time, hr 
- Boating Exposure Time, hr 
- Shoreline Exposure Time, hr 
- Type of Shoreline Index (1-4) 
- H2O/Sediment Transfer1/m2/yr 
- Soil Exposure Time, hr 
- Home Irrigation Flag (0/1 = N/Y) 
- Irrigation Water Index (1-2) 
- Home Irrigation Rate, in/yr 
- Home Irrigation Duration, mo/yr 
NA 
NA 
NA 
1 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0 
NA 
NA 
0
1 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
5793.5 
NA 
1.0510-4 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
-- 
2827 
NA 
NA 
51 
-- 
0
0 
6073.5 
NA 
8.6410-4 
0
0
0
0 
NA 
0 
3387 
NA 
NA 
74 
12 
-- 
-- 
6353.5 
NA 
3.0010-3 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
-- 
3947 
NA 
NA 
96 
-- 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Uniform 
NA 
Loguniform 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
NA 
Fixed 
Uniform 
NA 
NA 
Uniform 
Fixed 
Not used 
Not used 
Input #3 
Mass loading 
Input #3 
|
|
| Parameters 
| not used 
|
|
Input #3 
Water not 
contaminated 
Input #3 
Input #3 
Fixed Data Input 
Variable Distribution 
Ingestion Exposure 
- Food Production Option 
- Food-Weighted Chi/Q, kg-s/m3 
- Crop Resuspension Factor, 1/m 
- Crop Deposition Velocity, m/s 
- Crop Interception Fraction 
- Exported Food Dose (0/1 = N/Y) 
- Soil Ingestion Rate, mg/day 
- Swim H2O Ingestion Rate, l/h 
- Population Ingesting Aquatic Food 
- Bioaccumulation Flag (0/1 = N/Y) 
- Population Drinking Contaminated 
Water 
- Drink Water Source Index (0-3) 
- Drink Water Treated (0/1 = N/Y) 
- Drink Water Holdup Time, days 
- Drink Water Consumption, l/y 
0
0 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0 
NA 
NA 
0
0
0
0
0 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
7.0010-9 
-- 
0.044 
NA 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
0 
NA 
0 
5.7610-8 
0.001 
0.259 
NA 
50 
0 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0 
752.85 
NA 
-- 
2.0010-7 
-- 
0.474 
NA 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
1487.45 
NA 
Fixed 
Loguniform 
Fixed 
Normal 
NA 
Fixed 
Fixed 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Not used 
Not used 
Input #1 
Input #1 
Input #4 
Not used 
Input #1 
Not used 
Not used 
Not used 
Whole population 
Groundwater 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #5

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 60 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
Array Data Input (cont.) 
Variable Distribution 
Aquatic Food Ingestion 
- Use (0/1 = F/T) 
Fish 
Mollusk 
Crustacean 
Plants 
- Transit Time (hr) 
Fish 
Mollusk 
Crustacean 
Plants 
- Production (kg/y) 
Fish 
Mollusk 
Crustacean 
Plants 
- Holdup (days) 
Fish 
Mollusk 
Crustacean 
Plants 
- Consumption (kg/yr) 
Fish 
Mollusk 
Crustacean 
Plants 
0
0
0
0 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
6.63E-8 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 
0.47 
0
0
0 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
8.79 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Loguniform 
Water not cont. 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Parameters 
| not used 
|
|
|
|
Input #5

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 61 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
Array Data Input (cont.) 
Variable Distribution 
Terrestrial Food Ingestion 
- Use (0/1 = F/T) 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
- Growing Time, days 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
- Water Source Flag (0-2) 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
- Irrigation Rate, in/yr 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
- Irrigation Time, mo/yr 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
- Crop Yield, kg/m2 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
1
1
1
1 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0
0
0
0 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
45 
70 
88 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
28 
47 
30 
-- 
3.0 
3.2 
2.9 
-- 
4.4 
4.1 
1.6 
0.3 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
57 
84 
136 
244 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
36 
50 
38 
56 
3.8 
3.9 
4.5 
8.0 
4.6 
7.0 
2.0 
0.5 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
68 
98 
184 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
43 
52 
45 
-- 
4.9 
4.6 
6.0 
-- 
4.8 
9.8 
2.3 
0.7 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Fixed 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Fixed 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Fixed 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
|
| Water not 
| contaminated 
|
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 62 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
Terrestrial Food Ingestion (cont.) 
- Production, kg/yr 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
- Holdup, days 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
- Consumption Rate, kg/yr 
Leafy Vegetables 
Root Vegetables 
Fruit 
Grain 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
1.16 
0.65 
0.18 
8.7910-11 
0
0
0
0
1 
14 
14 
14 
15.14 
7.81 
15.57 
0.48 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
59.68 
29.86 
97.69 
12.33 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Loguniform 
Loguniform 
Loguniform 
Loguniform 
|
| Parameter 
| not used 
|
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Array Data Input (cont.) 
Variable Distribution 
Animal Product Consumption 
- Use (0/1 = F/T) 
Beef 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
- Consumption Rate, kg/yr 
Beef 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
- Holdup, days 
Beef 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
1
1
1
1 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
7.3410-7 
2.2210-5 
2.9110-9 
0.23 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
2.93 
0.80 
4.14 
6.68 
20 
1
1
1 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
53.11 
10.50 
100.36 
33.34 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #5 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 63 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
Array Data Input (cont.) 
Variable Distribution 
Animal Product Consumption 
- Production, kg/yr 
Beef 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
- Contaminated Water Fraction 
Beef 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
Animal Products (Stored Feed Data) 
- Dietary Fraction 
Beef 
Poultry (corn) 
Milk 
Eggs (corn) 
- Growing Time, days 
Beef 
Poultry (corn) 
Milk 
Eggs (corn) 
- Water Source Flag 
Beef 
Poultry (corn) 
Milk 
Eggs (corn) 
- Irrigation Rate, in/yr 
Beef 
Poultry (corn) 
Milk 
Eggs (corn) 
- Irrigation Time, mo/yr 
Beef 
Poultry (corn) 
Milk 
Eggs (corn) 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0
1
0
1 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0 
140 
0 
140 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0 
75 
0 
75 
0 
4.6 
0 
4.6 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
|
| Parameter 
| not used 
|
|
| Water not 
| contaminated 
|
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Attachment III

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 64 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
Animal Products (Stored Feed Data) 
cont. 
- Feed Yield, kg/m2 
Beef 
Poultry (corn) 
Milk 
Eggs (corn) 
- Storage, days 
Beef 
Poultry (corn) 
Milk 
Eggs (corn) 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
- 
0.6 
-- 
0.6 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0 
0.7 
0 
0.7 
0 
14 
0 
14 
-- 
0.8 
-- 
0.8 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
Fixed 
Uniform 
Fixed 
Uniform 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Array Data Input (cont.) 
Variable Distribution 
Animal Products (Fresh Forage Data) 
- Dietary Fraction 
Beef (alfalfa) 
Milk (alfalfa) 
- Grow Time, days 
Beef (alfalfa) 
Milk (alfalfa) 
- H2O Source Flag 
Beef (alfalfa) 
Milk (alfalfa) 
- Irrigation Rate, in/yr 
Beef (alfalfa) 
Milk (alfalfa) 
- Irrigation Time, mo/yr 
Beef (alfalfa) 
Milk (alfalfa) 
- Feed Yield, kg/m2 
Beef (alfalfa) 
Milk (alfalfa) 
- Storage, days 
Beef (alfalfa) 
Milk (alfalfa) 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
0
0 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
46 
46 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
1.0 
1.0 
-- 
-- 
1
1 
47 
47 
NA 
NA 
95 
95 
12 
12 
1.1 
1.1 
0
0 
-- 
-- 
135 
135 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
1.2 
1.2 
-- 
-- 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Triangular 
Triangular 
NA 
NA 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Uniform 
Uniform 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Input #4 
Input #4 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Groundwater 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Attachment III 
Input #4 
Input #4

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 65 December 2000 
Table 10. GENII-S Menu-Accessible Input Parameters for the Current Climate (Continued) 
Values 
Menu(s) 
Option/ 
- Parameter, Unit Selection Minimum 
Best 
Estimate Maximum Distribution 
Referencea/ 
Comments 
Array Data 
Input (cont.) 
Variable 
Distribution 
Inventory  Basic Concentrations 
- Air, pCi/m3 
- Surface Soil, pCi/m2 
- Deep Soil, pCi/kg 
- Ground Water, pCi/l 
- Surface Water, pCi/l 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
NA 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
0
1
0
0
0 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
-- 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
Fixed 
a Input numbers identified in Reference/Comment column refer to input numbers in Table 2. 
b NA as an entry means that a given selection/option/value does not appear in GENII-S.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 66 December 2000 
6.5.4 Modeling Output 
The outcome of the BDCF statistical calculation consists of 150 results of individual model 
realizations for each radionuclide, for every volcanic scenario under consideration. These results 
are converted into the discrete cumulative probability distributions, which are used in the TSPA 
code together with other input parameters to evaluate doses following volcanic eruption. The 
TSPA dose assessment and, therefore, BDCFs are based on doses expressed in terms of TEDE, 
which is a sum of the committed effective dose equivalent and deep dose equivalent (10 CFR 20, 
Section 20.1003). TEDE may be expressed in terms of rems or millirems (thousandth parts of a 
rem). The summary of the BDCF calculations for the extrusive volcanic event is given in 
Tables 11 through 15. The tables include the mean, standard deviation, minimum, and the 
icosatile values (percentiles in increments of 5) for the BDCF cumulative probability 
distributions. 
The results are given for the following cases: 
 Transition phase, 1-cm ash layer, and annual average mass loading (Table 11) 
 Transition phase, 1-cm ash layer, and 10-year average mass loading (Table 12) 
 Transition phase, 15-cm ash layer, and annual average mass loading (Table 13) 
 Transition phase, 15-cm ash layer, and 10-year average mass loading (Table 14) 
 Steady-state phase (Table 15). 
For most radionuclides BDCFs are different for the different exposure scenarios under 
consideration. The highest BDCFs are for the transition phase, 1-cm ash layer and the annual 
average mass loading. This set of BDCFs can be compared with the transition phase BDCFs for 
15-cm ash layer and annual average mass loading. The reason for the difference is that for the 
1-cm contaminated ash layer radionuclides are concentrated in the upper soil. Therefore the 
activity concentration in air from resuspended contaminated material is higher than that for the 
15-cm layer of ash, where the same radioactivity is diluted in 15 times more material thus the 
resuspended particles would contain less radioactivity. This effect can be observed 
predominantly for those radionuclides whose BDCF contribution of the inhalation pathway is 
significant, such as isotopes of plutonium, thorium, uranium, and americium (see Section 6.6). 
For radionuclides whose BDCFs do not depend on the inhalation pathway, such as 90Sr, the 
difference is less significant. 
The two sets of transition phase BDCFs for 10-year average mass loading show a similar 
relationship as described above, i.e., the values for 1-cm ash layer are higher than those for the 
15-cm ash layer for radionuclides with significant contribution from the inhalation pathway. 
Overall, BDCFs developed using 10-year average mass loading are lower than those developed 
using annual average mass loading. This is because annual average mass loading conditions 
include the high mass loading values characteristic of the initial period of the transition phase, 
when the concentration of particulates in air is high. BDCFs developed using annual average 
mass loading apply to the annual average condition for any time during the eruption phase. 
BDCFs developed using 10-year averages do not include extreme dustiness conditions because 
the mass loading values they use were integrated over the entire transition phase.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 67 December 2000 
Table 11. BDCFs for Transition Phase, 1-cm Ash Layer, and Annual Average Mass Loading 
90Sr 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 227Ac 229Th 230Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 9.01E-09 1.86E-09 1.93E-08 5.86E-09 2.27E-06 7.20E-07 1.08E-07 4.50E-07 2.27E-07 4.58E-08 4.51E-08 1.36E-07 1.51E-07 1.51E-07 1.41E-07 1.54E-07 1.54E-07 
STD 2.03E-08 2.43E-09 1.28E-08 3.92E-09 2.02E-06 6.42E-07 9.65E-08 3.89E-07 2.02E-07 4.06E-08 4.00E-08 1.18E-07 1.31E-07 1.31E-07 1.22E-07 1.33E-07 1.33E-07 
Min. 2.30E-10 1.01E-09 7.73E-09 1.67E-09 3.00E-07 9.43E-08 1.42E-08 6.79E-08 3.06E-08 6.21E-09 6.11E-09 2.06E-08 2.28E-08 2.28E-08 2.12E-08 2.33E-08 2.33E-08 
5% 5.58E-10 1.04E-09 7.96E-09 1.72E-09 3.18E-07 9.98E-08 1.50E-08 7.41E-08 3.17E-08 6.44E-09 6.34E-09 2.24E-08 2.48E-08 2.48E-08 2.31E-08 2.54E-08 2.53E-08 
10% 6.33E-10 1.10E-09 8.91E-09 2.07E-09 3.73E-07 1.17E-07 1.76E-08 8.55E-08 3.72E-08 7.55E-09 7.43E-09 2.58E-08 2.86E-08 2.86E-08 2.67E-08 2.93E-08 2.93E-08 
15% 7.79E-10 1.14E-09 9.96E-09 2.32E-09 4.41E-07 1.39E-07 2.09E-08 9.50E-08 4.40E-08 8.91E-09 8.77E-09 2.88E-08 3.19E-08 3.19E-08 2.97E-08 3.26E-08 3.25E-08 
20% 1.15E-09 1.17E-09 1.07E-08 2.66E-09 5.33E-07 1.68E-07 2.52E-08 1.16E-07 5.35E-08 1.08E-08 1.07E-08 3.50E-08 3.88E-08 3.87E-08 3.61E-08 3.96E-08 3.96E-08 
25% 1.31E-09 1.21E-09 1.13E-08 2.88E-09 6.25E-07 1.96E-07 2.94E-08 1.42E-07 6.22E-08 1.26E-08 1.24E-08 4.30E-08 4.77E-08 4.76E-08 4.44E-08 4.86E-08 4.86E-08 
30% 1.86E-09 1.24E-09 1.20E-08 3.15E-09 7.57E-07 2.40E-07 3.60E-08 1.56E-07 7.56E-08 1.53E-08 1.50E-08 4.74E-08 5.25E-08 5.24E-08 4.89E-08 5.36E-08 5.35E-08 
35% 2.12E-09 1.27E-09 1.27E-08 3.52E-09 9.00E-07 2.85E-07 4.27E-08 1.94E-07 9.12E-08 1.85E-08 1.82E-08 5.84E-08 6.47E-08 6.46E-08 6.03E-08 6.64E-08 6.63E-08 
40% 2.50E-09 1.29E-09 1.31E-08 3.82E-09 1.03E-06 3.26E-07 4.90E-08 2.12E-07 1.03E-07 2.08E-08 2.05E-08 6.43E-08 7.12E-08 7.11E-08 6.64E-08 7.27E-08 7.26E-08 
45% 2.77E-09 1.32E-09 1.44E-08 4.09E-09 1.25E-06 3.95E-07 5.92E-08 2.59E-07 1.25E-07 2.53E-08 2.49E-08 7.84E-08 8.70E-08 8.68E-08 8.10E-08 8.87E-08 8.85E-08 
50% 3.03E-09 1.37E-09 1.54E-08 4.54E-09 1.50E-06 4.75E-07 7.13E-08 3.00E-07 1.50E-07 3.02E-08 2.98E-08 9.09E-08 1.01E-07 1.01E-07 9.39E-08 1.03E-07 1.03E-07 
55% 3.47E-09 1.39E-09 1.66E-08 5.26E-09 1.76E-06 5.60E-07 8.41E-08 3.50E-07 1.76E-07 3.56E-08 3.50E-08 1.06E-07 1.18E-07 1.17E-07 1.10E-07 1.20E-07 1.20E-07 
60% 4.74E-09 1.42E-09 1.82E-08 5.72E-09 2.12E-06 6.71E-07 1.01E-07 4.27E-07 2.11E-07 4.27E-08 4.20E-08 1.30E-07 1.44E-07 1.44E-07 1.34E-07 1.47E-07 1.46E-07 
65% 5.65E-09 1.48E-09 1.91E-08 6.74E-09 2.57E-06 8.16E-07 1.23E-07 5.05E-07 2.57E-07 5.18E-08 5.10E-08 1.53E-07 1.70E-07 1.70E-07 1.58E-07 1.73E-07 1.73E-07 
70% 6.60E-09 1.54E-09 2.09E-08 7.22E-09 3.02E-06 9.57E-07 1.44E-07 6.07E-07 3.02E-07 6.10E-08 6.00E-08 1.84E-07 2.04E-07 2.04E-07 1.90E-07 2.08E-07 2.08E-07 
75% 7.96E-09 1.65E-09 2.25E-08 8.09E-09 3.71E-06 1.18E-06 1.77E-07 7.23E-07 3.71E-07 7.47E-08 7.36E-08 2.20E-07 2.43E-07 2.43E-07 2.27E-07 2.48E-07 2.48E-07 
80% 1.10E-08 1.89E-09 2.49E-08 9.12E-09 4.25E-06 1.35E-06 2.03E-07 8.28E-07 4.24E-07 8.56E-08 8.42E-08 2.51E-07 2.79E-07 2.78E-07 2.60E-07 2.84E-07 2.83E-07 
85% 1.44E-08 2.37E-09 2.97E-08 1.03E-08 5.18E-06 1.65E-06 2.48E-07 1.01E-06 5.18E-07 1.05E-07 1.03E-07 3.06E-07 3.39E-07 3.39E-07 3.16E-07 3.46E-07 3.45E-07 
90% 2.68E-08 3.05E-09 3.90E-08 1.30E-08 6.19E-06 1.97E-06 2.96E-07 1.20E-06 6.19E-07 1.25E-07 1.23E-07 3.65E-07 4.05E-07 4.04E-07 3.77E-07 4.12E-07 4.11E-07 
95% 7.70E-08 8.83E-09 6.04E-08 1.78E-08 7.40E-06 2.36E-06 3.54E-07 1.44E-06 7.40E-07 1.49E-07 1.47E-07 4.37E-07 4.84E-07 4.84E-07 4.51E-07 4.94E-07 4.92E-07 
Max. 1.85E-07 2.79E-08 9.55E-08 2.31E-08 8.10E-06 2.57E-06 3.87E-07 1.59E-06 8.09E-07 1.63E-07 1.61E-07 4.81E-07 5.34E-07 5.33E-07 4.97E-07 5.44E-07 5.43E-07 
Source: The values were taken from GENII-S runs (see Attachment IV).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 68 December 2000 
Table 12. BDCFs for Transition Phase, 1-cm Ash Layer, and 10-year Average Mass Loading 
90Sr 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 227Ac 229Th 230Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 8.92E-09 1.82E-09 1.52E-08 4.01E-09 9.57E-07 3.03E-07 4.56E-08 1.95E-07 9.61E-08 1.94E-08 1.91E-08 5.92E-08 6.56E-08 6.55E-08 6.11E-08 6.70E-08 6.69E-08 
STD 2.03E-08 2.39E-09 1.17E-08 3.13E-09 5.53E-07 1.76E-07 2.64E-08 1.06E-07 5.52E-08 1.11E-08 1.10E-08 3.23E-08 3.58E-08 3.58E-08 3.34E-08 3.65E-08 3.64E-08 
Min. 2.24E-10 1.01E-09 7.53E-09 1.62E-09 3.00E-07 9.43E-08 1.41E-08 6.77E-08 3.02E-08 6.13E-09 6.03E-09 2.05E-08 2.27E-08 2.27E-08 2.12E-08 2.32E-08 2.32E-08 
5% 4.21E-10 1.03E-09 7.80E-09 1.70E-09 3.08E-07 9.67E-08 1.45E-08 6.98E-08 3.07E-08 6.23E-09 6.13E-09 2.11E-08 2.34E-08 2.34E-08 2.18E-08 2.39E-08 2.39E-08 
10% 5.79E-10 1.10E-09 8.28E-09 1.85E-09 3.37E-07 1.06E-07 1.59E-08 7.57E-08 3.36E-08 6.81E-09 6.70E-09 2.28E-08 2.53E-08 2.53E-08 2.36E-08 2.58E-08 2.58E-08 
15% 7.24E-10 1.13E-09 8.90E-09 2.09E-09 3.80E-07 1.20E-07 1.80E-08 8.28E-08 3.80E-08 7.70E-09 7.57E-09 2.51E-08 2.78E-08 2.78E-08 2.59E-08 2.84E-08 2.84E-08 
20% 1.14E-09 1.15E-09 9.26E-09 2.21E-09 4.28E-07 1.35E-07 2.03E-08 9.33E-08 4.30E-08 8.75E-09 8.61E-09 2.83E-08 3.14E-08 3.13E-08 2.92E-08 3.20E-08 3.20E-08 
25% 1.27E-09 1.19E-09 9.84E-09 2.36E-09 4.68E-07 1.47E-07 2.21E-08 1.03E-07 4.68E-08 9.48E-09 9.33E-09 3.12E-08 3.46E-08 3.45E-08 3.22E-08 3.53E-08 3.52E-08 
30% 1.72E-09 1.22E-09 1.00E-08 2.50E-09 5.15E-07 1.63E-07 2.44E-08 1.11E-07 5.20E-08 1.05E-08 1.04E-08 3.36E-08 3.73E-08 3.72E-08 3.47E-08 3.81E-08 3.80E-08 
35% 2.07E-09 1.24E-09 1.03E-08 2.63E-09 5.85E-07 1.84E-07 2.77E-08 1.27E-07 6.11E-08 1.24E-08 1.22E-08 3.82E-08 4.24E-08 4.23E-08 3.95E-08 4.35E-08 4.34E-08 
40% 2.44E-09 1.27E-09 1.09E-08 2.76E-09 6.43E-07 2.04E-07 3.06E-08 1.35E-07 6.49E-08 1.31E-08 1.29E-08 4.08E-08 4.53E-08 4.52E-08 4.22E-08 4.62E-08 4.62E-08 
45% 2.70E-09 1.29E-09 1.11E-08 2.92E-09 6.96E-07 2.20E-07 3.30E-08 1.48E-07 7.02E-08 1.42E-08 1.40E-08 4.46E-08 4.95E-08 4.94E-08 4.61E-08 5.07E-08 5.06E-08 
50% 2.91E-09 1.35E-09 1.13E-08 3.12E-09 8.23E-07 2.61E-07 3.92E-08 1.69E-07 8.26E-08 1.67E-08 1.64E-08 5.11E-08 5.67E-08 5.66E-08 5.28E-08 5.79E-08 5.78E-08 
55% 3.40E-09 1.37E-09 1.18E-08 3.27E-09 8.90E-07 2.82E-07 4.24E-08 1.82E-07 8.91E-08 1.80E-08 1.77E-08 5.51E-08 6.11E-08 6.10E-08 5.69E-08 6.23E-08 6.22E-08 
60% 4.62E-09 1.39E-09 1.29E-08 3.51E-09 1.02E-06 3.25E-07 4.88E-08 2.07E-07 1.02E-07 2.06E-08 2.03E-08 6.27E-08 6.95E-08 6.94E-08 6.48E-08 7.09E-08 7.08E-08 
65% 5.61E-09 1.47E-09 1.36E-08 3.84E-09 1.16E-06 3.67E-07 5.52E-08 2.32E-07 1.16E-07 2.33E-08 2.30E-08 7.05E-08 7.82E-08 7.81E-08 7.29E-08 7.98E-08 7.96E-08 
70% 6.41E-09 1.53E-09 1.47E-08 4.25E-09 1.24E-06 3.93E-07 5.90E-08 2.57E-07 1.24E-07 2.51E-08 2.47E-08 7.77E-08 8.62E-08 8.61E-08 8.03E-08 8.83E-08 8.81E-08 
75% 7.96E-09 1.62E-09 1.61E-08 4.51E-09 1.43E-06 4.53E-07 6.80E-08 2.85E-07 1.43E-07 2.88E-08 2.83E-08 8.63E-08 9.57E-08 9.56E-08 8.92E-08 9.76E-08 9.74E-08 
80% 1.10E-08 1.87E-09 1.83E-08 4.73E-09 1.56E-06 4.96E-07 7.44E-08 3.10E-07 1.56E-07 3.15E-08 3.10E-08 9.41E-08 1.04E-07 1.04E-07 9.72E-08 1.06E-07 1.06E-07 
85% 1.44E-08 2.33E-09 2.09E-08 5.33E-09 1.76E-06 5.60E-07 8.41E-08 3.49E-07 1.76E-07 3.56E-08 3.50E-08 1.06E-07 1.17E-07 1.17E-07 1.09E-07 1.20E-07 1.20E-07 
90% 2.64E-08 2.98E-09 2.82E-08 7.90E-09 1.96E-06 6.24E-07 9.37E-08 3.88E-07 1.96E-07 3.96E-08 3.90E-08 1.18E-07 1.31E-07 1.30E-07 1.22E-07 1.33E-07 1.33E-07 
95% 7.70E-08 8.78E-09 5.73E-08 1.63E-08 2.17E-06 6.89E-07 1.03E-07 4.29E-07 2.17E-07 4.38E-08 4.31E-08 1.30E-07 1.44E-07 1.44E-07 1.35E-07 1.47E-07 1.47E-07 
Max. 1.85E-07 2.75E-08 9.21E-08 2.17E-08 2.24E-06 7.12E-07 1.07E-07 4.47E-07 2.24E-07 4.52E-08 4.45E-08 1.36E-07 1.50E-07 1.50E-07 1.40E-07 1.53E-07 1.53E-07 
Source: The values were taken from GENII-S runs (see Attachment IV).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 69 December 2000 
Table 13. BDCFs for Transition Phase, 15-cm Ash Layer, and Annual Average Mass Loading 
90Sr 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 227Ac 229Th 230Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 8.71E-09 5.81E-09 6.71E-09 1.86E-09 1.52E-07 4.87E-08 7.24E-09 3.07E-08 1.57E-08 3.19E-09 3.13E-09 9.13E-09 1.01E-08 1.01E-08 9.43E-09 1.05E-08 1.06E-08 
STD 2.02E-08 2.45E-09 1.13E-08 3.06E-09 1.34E-07 4.26E-08 6.40E-09 2.57E-08 1.33E-08 2.69E-09 2.65E-09 7.82E-09 8.67E-09 8.66E-09 8.08E-09 8.82E-09 8.80E-09 
Min. 7.17E-11 4.33E-09 5.77E-10 1.85E-10 2.03E-08 6.86E-09 9.55E-10 4.94E-09 2.09E-09 4.25E-10 4.17E-10 1.40E-09 1.55E-09 1.55E-09 1.45E-09 1.67E-09 1.80E-09 
5% 2.34E-10 4.52E-09 7.63E-10 2.51E-10 2.12E-08 7.12E-09 9.93E-10 5.33E-09 2.37E-09 4.83E-10 4.74E-10 1.49E-09 1.65E-09 1.65E-09 1.54E-09 1.77E-09 1.93E-09 
10% 4.01E-10 4.57E-09 1.05E-09 2.95E-10 2.63E-08 8.67E-09 1.23E-09 6.17E-09 2.74E-09 5.62E-10 5.52E-10 1.73E-09 1.92E-09 1.91E-09 1.78E-09 2.09E-09 2.23E-09 
15% 5.61E-10 4.70E-09 1.12E-09 3.80E-10 2.97E-08 9.77E-09 1.40E-09 7.25E-09 3.49E-09 7.12E-10 6.99E-10 1.93E-09 2.14E-09 2.14E-09 2.00E-09 2.48E-09 2.64E-09 
20% 9.68E-10 4.77E-09 1.42E-09 4.82E-10 3.69E-08 1.21E-08 1.75E-09 8.45E-09 4.03E-09 8.19E-10 8.04E-10 2.43E-09 2.70E-09 2.69E-09 2.51E-09 2.86E-09 3.01E-09 
25% 1.10E-09 4.88E-09 1.82E-09 5.25E-10 4.17E-08 1.35E-08 1.96E-09 1.01E-08 4.71E-09 9.65E-10 9.48E-10 2.87E-09 3.19E-09 3.18E-09 2.97E-09 3.43E-09 3.56E-09 
30% 1.52E-09 5.05E-09 2.00E-09 5.54E-10 5.00E-08 1.63E-08 2.38E-09 1.11E-08 5.40E-09 1.10E-09 1.08E-09 3.19E-09 3.54E-09 3.54E-09 3.30E-09 3.77E-09 3.92E-09 
35% 1.90E-09 5.17E-09 2.30E-09 6.57E-10 6.22E-08 2.01E-08 2.94E-09 1.37E-08 6.79E-09 1.40E-09 1.37E-09 3.95E-09 4.38E-09 4.37E-09 4.08E-09 4.72E-09 4.85E-09 
40% 2.20E-09 5.25E-09 2.52E-09 7.36E-10 6.85E-08 2.22E-08 3.26E-09 1.45E-08 7.50E-09 1.53E-09 1.50E-09 4.26E-09 4.72E-09 4.72E-09 4.40E-09 4.93E-09 5.07E-09 
45% 2.50E-09 5.35E-09 2.75E-09 7.66E-10 8.48E-08 2.73E-08 4.02E-09 1.82E-08 9.24E-09 1.88E-09 1.84E-09 5.34E-09 5.92E-09 5.91E-09 5.52E-09 6.22E-09 6.34E-09 
50% 2.72E-09 5.49E-09 2.92E-09 8.64E-10 1.02E-07 3.30E-08 4.87E-09 2.09E-08 1.09E-08 2.21E-09 2.18E-09 6.20E-09 6.87E-09 6.86E-09 6.40E-09 7.15E-09 7.29E-09 
55% 3.21E-09 5.57E-09 3.35E-09 9.30E-10 1.16E-07 3.73E-08 5.53E-09 2.37E-08 1.30E-08 2.63E-09 2.59E-09 7.10E-09 7.87E-09 7.86E-09 7.33E-09 8.10E-09 8.22E-09 
60% 4.44E-09 5.69E-09 3.70E-09 1.11E-09 1.43E-07 4.58E-08 6.80E-09 2.87E-08 1.53E-08 3.10E-09 3.05E-09 8.56E-09 9.49E-09 9.47E-09 8.84E-09 1.00E-08 1.02E-08 
65% 5.42E-09 5.80E-09 4.33E-09 1.30E-09 1.76E-07 5.63E-08 8.39E-09 3.48E-08 1.77E-08 3.58E-09 3.52E-09 1.05E-08 1.16E-08 1.16E-08 1.08E-08 1.19E-08 1.20E-08 
70% 6.24E-09 5.87E-09 5.91E-09 1.59E-09 2.00E-07 6.39E-08 9.53E-09 4.00E-08 2.05E-08 4.17E-09 4.10E-09 1.20E-08 1.33E-08 1.33E-08 1.24E-08 1.37E-08 1.38E-08 
75% 7.80E-09 6.00E-09 7.11E-09 1.73E-09 2.43E-07 7.76E-08 1.16E-08 4.77E-08 2.44E-08 4.93E-09 4.85E-09 1.44E-08 1.60E-08 1.59E-08 1.49E-08 1.64E-08 1.64E-08 
80% 1.07E-08 6.12E-09 8.85E-09 2.37E-09 2.84E-07 9.06E-08 1.35E-08 5.57E-08 2.87E-08 5.81E-09 5.71E-09 1.68E-08 1.86E-08 1.86E-08 1.73E-08 1.91E-08 1.92E-08 
85% 1.41E-08 6.56E-09 1.06E-08 2.88E-09 3.44E-07 1.10E-07 1.64E-08 6.76E-08 3.51E-08 7.09E-09 6.98E-09 2.04E-08 2.26E-08 2.26E-08 2.11E-08 2.32E-08 2.33E-08 
90% 2.63E-08 7.04E-09 1.92E-08 5.99E-09 4.11E-07 1.31E-07 1.96E-08 8.02E-08 4.14E-08 8.36E-09 8.22E-09 2.42E-08 2.68E-08 2.68E-08 2.50E-08 2.75E-08 2.76E-08 
95% 7.68E-08 1.33E-08 4.84E-08 1.49E-08 4.85E-07 1.55E-07 2.32E-08 9.53E-08 4.87E-08 9.83E-09 9.67E-09 2.86E-08 3.17E-08 3.17E-08 2.96E-08 3.26E-08 3.27E-08 
Max. 1.83E-07 3.17E-08 8.23E-08 1.98E-08 5.20E-07 1.66E-07 2.48E-08 1.02E-07 5.20E-08 1.05E-08 1.03E-08 3.09E-08 3.43E-08 3.42E-08 3.19E-08 3.50E-08 3.51E-08 
Source: The values were taken from GENII-S runs (see Attachment IV).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 70 December 2000 
Table 14. BDCFs for Transition Phase, 15-cm Ash Layer, and 10-year Average Mass Loading 
90Sr 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 227Ac 229Th 230Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 8.70E-09 5.81E-09 6.44E-09 1.74E-09 6.44E-08 2.09E-08 3.06E-09 1.37E-08 6.97E-09 1.42E-09 1.40E-09 3.98E-09 4.41E-09 4.40E-09 4.11E-09 4.68E-09 4.83E-09 
STD 2.02E-08 2.45E-09 1.13E-08 3.06E-09 3.66E-08 1.17E-08 1.75E-09 7.07E-09 3.81E-09 7.75E-10 7.63E-10 2.14E-09 2.37E-09 2.37E-09 2.21E-09 2.42E-09 2.42E-09 
Min. 7.17E-11 4.33E-09 5.63E-10 1.80E-10 2.00E-08 6.76E-09 9.48E-10 4.81E-09 2.02E-09 4.12E-10 4.04E-10 1.37E-09 1.52E-09 1.51E-09 1.41E-09 1.62E-09 1.76E-09 
5% 2.33E-10 4.52E-09 7.30E-10 2.17E-10 2.04E-08 6.91E-09 9.58E-10 5.02E-09 2.17E-09 4.43E-10 4.34E-10 1.40E-09 1.56E-09 1.55E-09 1.45E-09 1.70E-09 1.85E-09 
10% 4.00E-10 4.57E-09 8.67E-10 2.71E-10 2.34E-08 7.83E-09 1.11E-09 5.48E-09 2.45E-09 4.99E-10 4.90E-10 1.58E-09 1.75E-09 1.75E-09 1.63E-09 1.86E-09 2.00E-09 
15% 5.59E-10 4.69E-09 9.65E-10 3.02E-10 2.56E-08 8.58E-09 1.21E-09 6.27E-09 2.90E-09 5.92E-10 5.81E-10 1.69E-09 1.87E-09 1.87E-09 1.74E-09 2.12E-09 2.30E-09 
20% 9.66E-10 4.77E-09 1.15E-09 3.33E-10 2.94E-08 9.83E-09 1.40E-09 6.77E-09 3.11E-09 6.40E-10 6.28E-10 1.92E-09 2.13E-09 2.13E-09 1.98E-09 2.30E-09 2.46E-09 
25% 1.09E-09 4.87E-09 1.61E-09 4.08E-10 3.24E-08 1.04E-08 1.49E-09 7.74E-09 3.53E-09 7.37E-10 7.23E-10 2.10E-09 2.33E-09 2.32E-09 2.17E-09 2.55E-09 2.68E-09 
30% 1.51E-09 5.05E-09 1.83E-09 4.83E-10 3.51E-08 1.16E-08 1.66E-09 8.23E-09 4.17E-09 8.46E-10 8.31E-10 2.26E-09 2.50E-09 2.50E-09 2.33E-09 2.79E-09 2.94E-09 
35% 1.88E-09 5.17E-09 1.98E-09 5.26E-10 4.14E-08 1.36E-08 1.97E-09 9.20E-09 4.44E-09 9.07E-10 8.90E-10 2.62E-09 2.90E-09 2.90E-09 2.70E-09 3.14E-09 3.27E-09 
40% 2.20E-09 5.25E-09 2.27E-09 5.97E-10 4.37E-08 1.44E-08 2.07E-09 1.00E-08 5.02E-09 1.03E-09 1.01E-09 2.77E-09 3.07E-09 3.06E-09 2.86E-09 3.29E-09 3.44E-09 
45% 2.50E-09 5.34E-09 2.54E-09 6.94E-10 4.93E-08 1.59E-08 2.32E-09 1.07E-08 5.39E-09 1.12E-09 1.10E-09 3.09E-09 3.43E-09 3.42E-09 3.20E-09 3.64E-09 3.78E-09 
50% 2.72E-09 5.49E-09 2.75E-09 7.41E-10 5.45E-08 1.78E-08 2.59E-09 1.18E-08 5.95E-09 1.21E-09 1.19E-09 3.42E-09 3.79E-09 3.78E-09 3.53E-09 4.04E-09 4.21E-09 
55% 3.20E-09 5.57E-09 2.97E-09 8.21E-10 5.97E-08 1.94E-08 2.84E-09 1.30E-08 6.73E-09 1.36E-09 1.34E-09 3.71E-09 4.11E-09 4.10E-09 3.83E-09 4.51E-09 4.66E-09 
60% 4.43E-09 5.69E-09 3.40E-09 8.96E-10 6.83E-08 2.17E-08 3.19E-09 1.47E-08 7.56E-09 1.53E-09 1.50E-09 4.19E-09 4.64E-09 4.64E-09 4.33E-09 5.03E-09 5.17E-09 
65% 5.41E-09 5.79E-09 4.03E-09 1.14E-09 7.51E-08 2.43E-08 3.58E-09 1.65E-08 8.41E-09 1.72E-09 1.70E-09 4.59E-09 5.08E-09 5.08E-09 4.74E-09 5.62E-09 5.76E-09 
70% 6.23E-09 5.87E-09 5.68E-09 1.40E-09 8.24E-08 2.66E-08 3.92E-09 1.72E-08 8.98E-09 1.82E-09 1.79E-09 5.02E-09 5.57E-09 5.56E-09 5.19E-09 6.14E-09 6.26E-09 
75% 7.80E-09 6.00E-09 6.66E-09 1.61E-09 9.53E-08 3.06E-08 4.54E-09 1.93E-08 1.00E-08 2.04E-09 2.01E-09 5.78E-09 6.40E-09 6.39E-09 5.97E-09 6.61E-09 6.73E-09 
80% 1.07E-08 6.12E-09 8.18E-09 2.13E-09 1.02E-07 3.30E-08 4.88E-09 2.08E-08 1.09E-08 2.20E-09 2.16E-09 6.19E-09 6.86E-09 6.85E-09 6.39E-09 7.11E-09 7.23E-09 
85% 1.41E-08 6.56E-09 1.04E-08 2.86E-09 1.16E-07 3.73E-08 5.52E-09 2.37E-08 1.25E-08 2.52E-09 2.48E-09 6.97E-09 7.73E-09 7.72E-09 7.20E-09 8.08E-09 8.21E-09 
90% 2.62E-08 7.04E-09 1.87E-08 5.85E-09 1.32E-07 4.23E-08 6.29E-09 2.70E-08 1.41E-08 2.87E-09 2.82E-09 7.83E-09 8.68E-09 8.66E-09 8.09E-09 9.24E-09 9.38E-09 
95% 7.68E-08 1.33E-08 4.83E-08 1.49E-08 1.49E-07 4.78E-08 7.11E-09 2.97E-08 1.50E-08 3.06E-09 3.00E-09 8.92E-09 9.89E-09 9.88E-09 9.22E-09 1.02E-08 1.03E-08 
Max. 1.83E-07 3.17E-08 8.23E-08 1.98E-08 1.50E-07 4.80E-08 7.13E-09 3.01E-08 1.52E-08 3.12E-09 3.06E-09 9.04E-09 1.00E-08 1.00E-08 9.34E-09 1.03E-08 1.05E-08 
Source: The values were taken from GENII-S runs (see Attachment IV).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 71 December 2000 
Table 15. BDCFs for Steady-State Phase 
90Sr 137Cs 210Pb 226Ra 227Ac 229Th 230Th 231Pa 232U 233U 234U 238Pu 239Pu 240Pu 242Pu 241Am 243Am 
Mean 8.70E-09 5.81E-09 6.30E-09 1.68E-09 2.03E-08 6.84E-09 9.53E-10 5.18E-09 2.56E-09 5.33E-10 5.23E-10 1.38E-09 1.53E-09 1.53E-09 1.42E-09 1.75E-09 1.90E-09 
STD 2.02E-08 2.45E-09 1.13E-08 3.06E-09 4.05E-09 1.25E-09 1.88E-10 1.17E-09 1.35E-09 2.97E-10 2.91E-10 2.35E-10 2.60E-10 2.60E-10 2.43E-10 4.02E-10 4.02E-10 
Min. 7.02E-11 4.33E-09 5.28E-10 1.67E-10 1.09E-08 3.86E-09 5.04E-10 3.15E-09 1.21E-09 2.49E-10 2.44E-10 8.40E-10 9.32E-10 9.31E-10 8.68E-10 1.07E-09 1.23E-09 
5% 2.32E-10 4.52E-09 6.31E-10 1.88E-10 1.23E-08 4.35E-09 5.72E-10 3.49E-09 1.34E-09 2.75E-10 2.69E-10 9.36E-10 1.04E-09 1.04E-09 9.67E-10 1.18E-09 1.32E-09 
10% 4.00E-10 4.57E-09 7.56E-10 2.25E-10 1.42E-08 4.90E-09 6.68E-10 3.78E-09 1.55E-09 3.18E-10 3.11E-10 1.03E-09 1.15E-09 1.14E-09 1.07E-09 1.26E-09 1.40E-09 
15% 5.59E-10 4.69E-09 8.60E-10 2.49E-10 1.57E-08 5.38E-09 7.29E-10 4.12E-09 1.75E-09 3.59E-10 3.52E-10 1.10E-09 1.22E-09 1.21E-09 1.13E-09 1.39E-09 1.52E-09 
20% 9.65E-10 4.77E-09 1.09E-09 2.75E-10 1.67E-08 5.66E-09 7.85E-10 4.25E-09 1.81E-09 3.72E-10 3.65E-10 1.17E-09 1.30E-09 1.29E-09 1.21E-09 1.43E-09 1.59E-09 
25% 1.09E-09 4.87E-09 1.32E-09 3.60E-10 1.73E-08 5.90E-09 8.18E-10 4.47E-09 1.92E-09 3.95E-10 3.87E-10 1.20E-09 1.33E-09 1.33E-09 1.24E-09 1.52E-09 1.66E-09 
30% 1.51E-09 5.04E-09 1.65E-09 4.14E-10 1.81E-08 6.12E-09 8.52E-10 4.59E-09 2.02E-09 4.15E-10 4.07E-10 1.25E-09 1.39E-09 1.39E-09 1.29E-09 1.54E-09 1.71E-09 
35% 1.87E-09 5.17E-09 1.88E-09 4.61E-10 1.88E-08 6.40E-09 8.86E-10 4.69E-09 2.08E-09 4.30E-10 4.22E-10 1.28E-09 1.42E-09 1.42E-09 1.32E-09 1.60E-09 1.74E-09 
40% 2.20E-09 5.25E-09 2.10E-09 5.16E-10 1.94E-08 6.54E-09 9.15E-10 4.81E-09 2.16E-09 4.42E-10 4.33E-10 1.32E-09 1.46E-09 1.46E-09 1.36E-09 1.63E-09 1.78E-09 
45% 2.50E-09 5.34E-09 2.41E-09 6.12E-10 1.97E-08 6.64E-09 9.21E-10 4.90E-09 2.23E-09 4.54E-10 4.45E-10 1.34E-09 1.49E-09 1.48E-09 1.38E-09 1.66E-09 1.81E-09 
50% 2.72E-09 5.49E-09 2.61E-09 6.93E-10 2.01E-08 6.78E-09 9.47E-10 5.04E-09 2.30E-09 4.70E-10 4.61E-10 1.37E-09 1.52E-09 1.52E-09 1.42E-09 1.70E-09 1.85E-09 
55% 3.20E-09 5.56E-09 2.81E-09 7.73E-10 2.06E-08 6.96E-09 9.67E-10 5.21E-09 2.35E-09 4.85E-10 4.76E-10 1.40E-09 1.55E-09 1.55E-09 1.45E-09 1.77E-09 1.92E-09 
60% 4.43E-09 5.68E-09 3.25E-09 8.16E-10 2.14E-08 7.17E-09 1.01E-09 5.29E-09 2.52E-09 5.20E-10 5.10E-10 1.44E-09 1.60E-09 1.60E-09 1.49E-09 1.79E-09 1.95E-09 
65% 5.41E-09 5.76E-09 3.83E-09 1.05E-09 2.21E-08 7.35E-09 1.02E-09 5.44E-09 2.62E-09 5.41E-10 5.30E-10 1.48E-09 1.64E-09 1.64E-09 1.53E-09 1.83E-09 1.97E-09 
70% 6.23E-09 5.87E-09 5.56E-09 1.28E-09 2.22E-08 7.52E-09 1.05E-09 5.56E-09 2.69E-09 5.56E-10 5.46E-10 1.51E-09 1.67E-09 1.67E-09 1.56E-09 1.88E-09 2.03E-09 
75% 7.80E-09 6.00E-09 6.59E-09 1.53E-09 2.31E-08 7.74E-09 1.09E-09 5.67E-09 2.79E-09 5.78E-10 5.67E-10 1.55E-09 1.72E-09 1.72E-09 1.60E-09 1.91E-09 2.06E-09 
80% 1.07E-08 6.12E-09 7.95E-09 2.09E-09 2.40E-08 7.99E-09 1.13E-09 5.97E-09 3.01E-09 6.25E-10 6.14E-10 1.59E-09 1.76E-09 1.76E-09 1.64E-09 2.02E-09 2.17E-09 
85% 1.41E-08 6.56E-09 1.03E-08 2.71E-09 2.57E-08 8.42E-09 1.19E-09 6.25E-09 3.17E-09 6.63E-10 6.50E-10 1.68E-09 1.86E-09 1.86E-09 1.73E-09 2.10E-09 2.25E-09 
90% 2.62E-08 7.04E-09 1.85E-08 5.73E-09 2.67E-08 8.94E-09 1.26E-09 6.88E-09 3.67E-09 7.67E-10 7.53E-10 1.73E-09 1.92E-09 1.92E-09 1.79E-09 2.25E-09 2.40E-09 
95% 7.68E-08 1.33E-08 4.82E-08 1.49E-08 2.93E-08 9.39E-09 1.34E-09 8.77E-09 9.44E-09 2.05E-09 2.01E-09 1.95E-09 2.17E-09 2.16E-09 2.02E-09 3.00E-09 3.16E-09 
Max. 1.83E-07 3.17E-08 8.22E-08 1.98E-08 3.02E-08 1.01E-08 1.43E-09 1.10E-08 1.24E-08 2.70E-09 2.65E-09 1.98E-09 2.20E-09 2.19E-09 2.04E-09 3.98E-09 4.15E-09 
Source: The values were taken from GENII-S runs (see Attachment IV).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 72 December 2000 
6.6 PATHWAY ANALYSIS 
BDCF values include contributions from various radiological pathways through the biosphere, as 
described in Section 6.3.2. The evaluation of the degree to which different pathways contribute 
to BDCFs was the subject of an independent assessment presented in this section. To determine 
the contributions from different exposure pathways to the BDCF values, a single GENII-S 
deterministic assessment was performed for each radionuclide. Deterministic GENII-S runs 
were carried out simultaneously with the stochastic runs using input values listed in the column 
labeled Best Estimate of Tables 9 and 10. The software routine used to calculate pathway 
contributions has been developed and is documented in Attachment V of this report. 
The results of pathway analysis are summarized in Tables 16 through 20 for the five exposure 
scenarios. For most radionuclides (except 90Sr, 137Cs, 210Pb, and 226Ra) inhalation of resuspended 
particulates is a dominant pathway for the transition phase, accounting for over 90 percent of the 
BDCFs. Inadvertent soil ingestion ranks second, contributing less than 7 percent to the BDCFs. 
Together, inhalation and inadvertent soil ingestion account for over 99 percent of most transition 
phase BDCF values for these radionuclides. Consumption of leafy vegetables is usually the third 
ranking pathway, but its contribution is usually less than one percent. Pathway contributions to 
the transition phase BDCFs for 90Sr, 137Cs, 210Pb, and 226Ra are different. Consumption of 
vegetables is a dominating pathway for 90Sr, external exposure ranks first for 137Cs, while for 
210Pb and 226Ra pathway contributions are more evenly balanced among inhalation and crop 
consumption. 
For the steady-state phase, inhalation is still a dominant pathway for most radionuclides other 
than 90Sr, 137Cs, 210Pb, and 226Ra. However, the percentage contribution to the BDCFs is less 
than that for the transition phase. Vegetable consumption pathways dominate for 90Sr, 210Pb, and 
226Ra, while the BDCF for 137Cs is almost entirely due to external exposure.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 73 December 2000 
Table 16. Percent Pathway Contribution to Volcanic Eruption Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Transition Phase, 1-cm Layer of Ash, and 
Annual Average Mass Loading 
Nuclide 
External 
Exposure 
Inhalation 
Leafy 
Vegetables 
Other 
Vegetables 
Fruit 
Cereals 
Meat 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
Soil Ingestion 
90Sr 0.0 1.6 42.1 31.9 7.9 1.3 9.3 0.0 1.8 0.6 3.5 
137Cs 74.4 0.7 3.9 1.5 9.1 0.2 5.2 0.2 0.9 0.1 3.9 
210Pb 0.0 27.9 21.0 3.7 5.5 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 40.3 
226Ra 0.3 54.5 16.3 2.8 2.3 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.6 0.0 22.6 
227Ac 0.0 99.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
229Th 0.0 99.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 
230Th 0.0 99.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 
231Pa 0.0 96.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 
232U 0.0 98.9 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 
233U 0.0 98.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
234U 0.0 98.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
238Pu 0.0 96.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
239Pu 0.0 96.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
240Pu 0.0 96.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
242Pu 0.0 96.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
241Am 0.0 96.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 
243Am 0.1 96.1 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 
NOTE: Pathway contributions were developed using the software routine described in Attachment V.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 74 December 2000 
Table 17. Percent Pathway Contribution to Volcanic Eruption Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Transition Phase, 1-cm Layer of Ash, and 
10-year Average Mass Loading 
Nuclide 
External 
Exposure 
Inhalation 
Leafy 
Vegetables 
Other 
Vegetables 
Fruit 
Cereals 
Meat 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
Soil Ingestion 
90Sr 0.0 0.7 42.5 32.3 7.9 1.2 9.4 0.0 1.9 0.6 3.6 
137Cs 76.1 0.3 3.3 1.5 9.3 0.2 4.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 4.0 
210Pb 0.0 15.6 19.5 4.1 5.7 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.7 53.4 
226Ra 0.4 35.9 20.2 3.9 2.8 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.0 35.4 
227Ac 0.0 98.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 
229Th 0.0 98.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 
230Th 0.0 98.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 
231Pa 0.0 92.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 
232U 0.0 97.8 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 
233U 0.0 97.6 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 
234U 0.0 97.5 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 
238Pu 0.0 92.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 
239Pu 0.0 92.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 
240Pu 0.0 92.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 
242Pu 0.0 92.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 
241Am 0.1 92.4 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 
243Am 0.1 92.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 
NOTE: Pathway contributions were developed using the software routine described in Attachment V.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 75 December 2000 
Table 18. Percent Pathway Contribution to Volcanic Eruption Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Transition Phase, 15-cm Layer of Ash, 
and Annual Average Mass Loading 
Nuclide 
External 
Exposure 
Inhalation 
Leafy 
Vegetables 
Other 
Vegetables 
Fruit 
Cereals 
Meat 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
Soil Ingestion 
90Sr 0.0 0.1 42.3 35.0 8.6 1.4 9.7 0.0 2.0 0.6 0.3 
137Cs 95.1 0.0 0.8 0.4 2.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 
210Pb 0.1 8.2 47.3 11.9 16.3 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.4 2.0 11.9 
226Ra 4.7 16.9 50.4 10.0 7.2 0.2 1.2 0.0 2.0 0.0 7.4 
227Ac 0.0 98.7 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
229Th 1.1 97.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 
230Th 0.0 98.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 
231Pa 1.0 94.4 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
232U 0.0 97.0 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 
233U 0.1 96.7 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
234U 0.0 96.7 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 
238Pu 0.0 96.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 
239Pu 0.0 96.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
240Pu 0.0 96.0 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
242Pu 0.0 95.9 0.9 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
241Am 0.7 94.7 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 
243Am 2.2 93.3 1.2 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 
NOTE: Pathway contributions were developed using the software routine described in Attachment V.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 76 December 2000 
Table 19. Percent Pathway Contribution to Volcanic Eruption Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Transition Phase, 15-cm Layer of Ash, 
and 10-year Average Mass Loading 
Nuclide 
External 
Exposure 
Inhalation 
Leafy 
Vegetables 
Other 
Vegetables 
Fruit 
Cereals 
Meat 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
Soil Ingestion 
90Sr 0.0 0.0 42.4 35.0 8.6 1.4 9.7 0.0 2.0 0.6 0.3 
137Cs 95.1 0.0 0.8 0.4 2.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 
210Pb 0.1 3.7 49.0 12.5 17.4 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.4 2.0 12.7 
226Ra 5.2 8.1 56.0 11.1 7.7 0.3 1.3 0.0 2.1 0.0 8.2 
227Ac 0.0 97.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.8 
229Th 2.5 95.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 
230Th 0.1 97.7 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 
231Pa 2.2 88.7 2.1 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.4 
232U 0.0 93.5 1.3 2.4 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.6 
233U 0.2 92.5 1.5 2.7 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8 
234U 0.1 92.8 1.4 2.6 1.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.8 
238Pu 0.0 92.0 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 
239Pu 0.0 92.0 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 
240Pu 0.0 92.0 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 
242Pu 0.0 92.0 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 
241Am 1.6 89.3 1.8 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.5 
243Am 4.8 86.4 1.7 0.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.2 
NOTE: Pathway contributions were developed using the software routine described in Attachment V.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 77 December 2000 
Table 20. Percent Pathway Contribution to Volcanic Eruption Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Steady-State Phase 
Nuclide 
External 
Exposure 
Inhalation 
Leafy 
Vegetables 
Other 
Vegetables 
Fruit 
Cereals 
Meat 
Poultry 
Milk 
Eggs 
Soil Ingestion 
90Sr 0.0 0.0 42.4 35.0 8.6 1.4 9.7 0.0 2.0 0.6 0.3 
137Cs 95.1 0.0 0.8 0.4 2.3 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 
210Pb 0.1 1.1 50.4 12.8 17.9 1.5 0.5 0.0 0.4 2.1 13.1 
226Ra 5.6 2.5 58.9 11.9 8.3 0.3 1.4 0.0 2.3 0.0 8.8 
227Ac 0.0 91.8 1.9 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.7 
229Th 7.9 85.8 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 
230Th 0.2 92.9 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 
231Pa 5.9 71.0 4.1 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.6 
232U 0.1 81.0 3.6 7.1 2.9 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 4.8 
233U 0.5 79.2 3.9 7.6 3.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 5.1 
234U 0.1 79.8 3.7 7.6 3.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 5.1 
238Pu 0.0 78.1 1.3 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.4 
239Pu 0.0 78.5 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.1 
240Pu 0.0 78.5 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.1 
242Pu 0.0 78.5 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.2 
241Am 4.3 72.2 3.5 0.9 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.8 
243Am 12.7 66.0 3.2 0.9 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 
NOTE: Pathway contributions were developed using the software routine described in Attachment V.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 78 December 2000 
Pathway contributions to BDCFs are shown graphically in Figures 8 through 11 for the 
representative radionuclides. All five exposure scenarios (i.e., steady-state phase and four cases 
for the transition phase) are shown in each figure. Percentage pathway contributions for volcanic 
eruption BDCFs for 239Pu are shown in Figure 8. 239Pu is representative of the 13 radionuclides 
with inhalation as a dominant pathway which include isotopes of plutonium, thorium, uranium, 
and americium. For these radionuclides, contribution from the inhalation pathway is the greatest 
for the transition phase, 1-cm ash thickness, and annual average mass loading. Figures 9 through 
11 show pathway contributions for other radionuclides: 226Ra (Figure 9), 137Cs (Figure 10), and 
90Sr (Figure 11). 
NOTES: 
VNCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VMCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
VJCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCS  Steady-state, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
Ext. dose  External exposure 
Inhale  Inhalation 
Crop  Ingestion of crops 
Animal  Ing. of animal products 
Soil  Inadvertent soil ingestion 
Figure 8. Percentage Pathway Contributions for Volcanic Eruption BDCFs for 239Pu 
0% 
20% 
40% 
60% 
80% 
100% 
VNCT (1.5E-7) VMCT (6.5E-8) VKCT (1.0E-8) VJCT (4.4E-9) VKCS (1.5E-9) 
Volcanic Scenario (BDCF in units of (rem/yr)/(pCi/m2)) 
Percentage 
Ext. dose Inhale Crop Animal Soil

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 79 December 2000 
NOTES: 
VNCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VMCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
VJCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCS  Steady-state, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
Ext. dose  External exposure 
Inhale  Inhalation 
Crop  Ingestion of crops 
Animal  Ing. of animal products 
Soil  Inadvertent soil ingestion 
Figure 9. Percentage Pathway Contributions for Volcanic Eruption BDCFs for 226Ra 
NOTES: 
VNCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VMCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
VJCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCS  Steady-state, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
Ext. dose  External exposure 
Inhale  Inhalation 
Crop  Ingestion of crops 
Animal  Ing. of animal products 
Soil  Inadvertent soil ingestion 
Figure 10. Percentage Pathway Contributions for Volcanic Eruption BDCFs for 137Cs 
0% 
20% 
40% 
60% 
80% 
100% 
VNCT (5.0E-9) VMCT (3.2E-9) VKCT (1.1E-9) VJCT (9.5E-10) VKCS (8.9E-10) 
Volcanic scenario (BDCF in units of (rem/yr)/(pCi/m2)) 
Percentage 
Ext. dose Inhale Crop Animal Soil 
0% 
20% 
40% 
60% 
80% 
100% 
VNCT (1.5E-9) VMCT (1.4E-9) VKCT (5.5E-9) VJCT (5.5E-9) VKCS (5.5E-9) 
Volcanic scenario (BDCF in units o f (rem/yr)/(pCi/m2)) 
Percentage 
Ext. dose Inhale Crop Animal Soil

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 80 December 2000 
NOTES: 
VNCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VMCT  Transition phase, 1-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
VJCT  Transition phase, 15-cm ash, 10 year average mass loading 
VKCS  Steady-state, 15-cm ash, annual average mass loading 
Ext. dose  External exposure 
Inhale  Inhalation 
Crop  Ingestion of crops 
Animal  Ing. of animal products 
Soil  Inadvertent soil ingestion 
Figure 11. Percentage Pathway Contributions for Volcanic Eruption BDCFs for 90Sr 
6.7 UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS 
As with any modeling effort, uncertainty is inherent to the biosphere model. This means that the 
modeling results carry uncertainty resulting from both the uncertainties in the model itself as 
well as uncertainties in model parameters. Uncertainty analysis using probabilistic approach was 
used to assist in interpreting the results of BDCF calculation. The objective of the uncertainty 
analysis was to determine how the uncertainty in model parameters affects the model results. 
6.7.1 Sources of Uncertainty 
All assessments based on model calculations are inherently uncertain. This uncertainty arises 
from several factors, including: (1) the ability to adequately model the physical processes 
involved, (2) the degree to which exposure scenarios adequately represent individuals in the 
desired critical group, (3) the level of knowledge available to estimate appropriate values for 
parameters in the model, and (4) natural variability in various quantities used to estimate 
parameter values, and (5) the quality of data used in the model. 
Uncertainty in the model refers to uncertainty regarding abstracting a real system (in this case the 
biosphere  its components and the radionuclide transport between the components of the 
biosphere, including humans) and its evolution into a form that can be mathematically modeled. 
It results from limitations in the ability to mathematically represent a complex system and its 
behavior. Model uncertainty, in the case of complex systems, may be difficult to quantify in a 
rigorous numerical fashion. However, it is usually possible to bound the effects of model 
0% 
20% 
40% 
60% 
80% 
100% 
VNCT (4.1E-9) VMCT (4.1E-9) VKCT (3.8E-9) VJCT (3.8E-9) VKCS (3.8E-9) 
Volcanic scenario (BDCF in units of (rem/yr)/(pCi/m2)) 
Percentage 
Ext. dose Inhale Crop Animal Soil

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 81 December 2000 
uncertainties by making credible assumptions about the selection of likely processes and their 
conceptual representations. The compartment model selected to represent radionuclide behavior 
in the biosphere is an example of a bounding analysis. The submodels of such a system, which 
represent individual processes occurring in the biosphere, can be characterized as reasonably 
conservative, i.e., realistic, yet unlikely to underestimate their modeling outcome. Such 
conservative conceptual models are commonly used for demonstrating compliance with the 
regulatory standards. 
Parameter uncertainty represents uncertainty in the data, parameters, and coefficients used in 
mathematical models and in the supporting computer codes, such as GENII-S in the case of 
biosphere modeling. Parameter uncertainty originates from a number of sources including 
insufficient information, or lack of site-specific information, to accurately determine values of 
parameters and coefficients used in the biosphere model. Another source of uncertainty is 
associated with the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of the biosphere system. However, lack 
of knowledge about an input parameter typically contributes more to the uncertainty of the 
parameter values than does the natural variability of that parameter. Contribution of parameter 
uncertainty to the overall uncertainty of the modeling outcome can be more readily quantified 
than model uncertainty. This analysis does not attempt to quantify the relative contribution of 
model uncertainty to the overall DCF uncertainty. 
6.7.2 Parametric Analysis 
When the BDCFs are plotted as a function of a specific parameter, the dependence on this 
parameter value can be shown. Inhalation is a dominant pathway for most of the radionuclides 
and it depends on input parameters such as mass loading and inhalation exposure time. When 
the results of individual model realizations (BDCFs) for 239Pu are plotted as a function of mass 
loading (Figure 12) it can be seen that BDCFs vary almost linearly with mass loading. A similar 
plot for the inhalation exposure time (Figure 13) shows very weak correlation of BDCFs with 
this parameter.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 82 December 2000 
Figure 12. Dependence of BDCF for 239Pu on Mass Loading for Transition Phase, 1-cm Ash Layer, 
and Annual Average Mass Loading 
Figure 13. Dependence of BDCF for 239Pu on Inhalation Time for Transition Phase, 1-cm Ash Layer, and 
Annual Average Mass Loading 
Pu-239 BDCF as a Function of Mass Loading for 
Transition Phase, 1 cm Ash, Annual Average Mass Loading 
0.0E+00 
1.0E-07 
2.0E-07 
3.0E-07 
4.0E-07 
5.0E-07 
6.0E-07 
0.00E+00 5.00E-04 1.00E-03 1.50E-03 2.00E-03 2.50E-03 3.00E-03 
Mass Loading (g/m3) 
BDCF (pCi/m2) 
Pu-239 BDCF as a Function of Inhalation Time for 
Transition Phase, 1 cm Ash, Annual Average Mass Loading 
0.0E+00 
1.0E-07 
2.0E-07 
3.0E-07 
4.0E-07 
5.0E-07 
6.0E-07 
5.7E+03 5.8E+03 5.9E+03 6.0E+03 6.1E+03 6.2E+03 6.3E+03 6.4E+03 
Inhalation Time (hours) 
BDCF (pCi/m2)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 83 December 2000 
6.7.3 Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Uncertainty 
As noted before, uncertainties are inherent in any modeling of a real system, such as the 
biosphere. These uncertainties include data uncertainty and model uncertainty. Data or 
parameter uncertainty is more readily quantified than model uncertainty. 
The results of BDCF calculation consist of 150 outcomes of individual model simulation. These 
BDCF values can be represented as a probability distribution function. The shape of the 
probability distribution function, the range of values within the predetermined confidence limits, 
and the associated statistics characterize the spread of BDCF values generated by the model runs. 
Distribution of BDCF values are related to probability distribution of the key uncertain 
parameters. Representation of the parameter values by their probability distribution functions 
have their origin in either the uncertainty on the best estimate of the parameters value or in the 
variability of the parameter in the sample. The examples of the latter include locally-produced 
food consumption rates which were obtained in the regional survey and thus represent variability 
of consumption rates in the surveyed population. On the other hand, soil-to-plant or animal 
food-to-animal product transfer scaling factors represent uncertainty in the best estimate of the 
parameter values. 
6.8 ALTERNATIVE MODELS 
The strategy governing conceptual description of the biosphere system is consistent with similar 
activities being pursued by the international scientific community. However, several issues were 
identified that are relevant to the model components and warrant consideration in this analysis. 
6.8.1 Alternative Exposure Scenarios 
BDCF development was carried out for a specific exposure scenario. An exposure scenario is 
defined as one possible combination of specified FEPs affecting the biosphere system that could 
lead to radiological consequences. There are several alternative exposure scenarios that could be 
considered for the current biosphere. The proposed rules and the guidance limit the assessment 
to the exposure scenario associated with an adult farming receptor group based on the behaviors 
and characteristics of Amargosa Valley residents. Other exposure scenarios that could be 
conceivable include the exposure conditions of a subsistence farmer receptor group, a residential 
receptor group, or a group consisting of non-adult receptors. 
The non-adult receptor group is not considered appropriate for the analysis of long-term 
performance of the potential repository. Considering the time scale of the assessment, it could 
be assumed that radioactive contamination of the biosphere due to releases from the repository is 
likely to remain constant over periods that are considerably longer that the human life span. It is 
then reasonable to calculate the annual dose averaged over the lifetime of the individuals, which 
means that it is not necessary to calculate doses to different age groups. This average can be 
adequately represented by the annual dose to an adult (ICRP 2000).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 84 December 2000 
6.8.2 Alternative Dosimetric Models 
The current assessment uses dosimetric models based in the conceptual approach recommended 
by the ICRP in Publication 26 (ICRP 1977) and the dosimetric methods outlined in 
Publication 30 (ICRP 1979, ICRP 1980, ICRP 1981b). By using such a model the outcome of 
the biosphere model expressed in terms of TEDE is compatible with the format of the proposed 
performance standard (Dyer 1999, Section 113(b)) which uses the same methodology. 
Since the publication of the ICRP recommendations and models in the late 1970s and early 
1980s the Commission updated both its recommendations (ICRP 1991) as well as its dosimetric 
methods. Of particular significance is a set of publications concerning age-dependent doses to 
the members of the public from intakes of radionuclides. The summary document for this set, 
ICRP Publication 72 (ICRP 1996), provides a listing of dose coefficients (dose conversion 
factors) for inhalation and ingestion of radionuclides by age group. 
Dose conversion factors are a quintessence of dosimetric modeling, including metabolism of a 
specific radionuclide compound; possible deposition in various human organs and tissues; 
physical behavior, such as radioactive decay accompanied by the emission of ionizing radiation 
and production of radioactive progenies; irradiation of human organs and tissues by internally 
deposited radionuclides or radionuclides external to human body; and the contribution of the 
radiation effects in the irradiated organs and tissues to the overall radiation effect. 
Dose conversion factors in ICRP Publication 30 and ICRP Publication 72 use different approach 
(e.g., they are based on different tissue weighting factors) and for some radionuclides DCFs may 
differ considerably between the two dosimetric systems. It needs to be noted, however, that 
comparing DCF values may be misleading in some cases because of the different bases for their 
calculation. In addition, application of ICRP-72 DCFs does not yield results compatible with the 
concept of ICRP-30-based TEDE, which is used in the proposed regulations to define 
performance objective for the repository.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 85 December 2000 
7. CONCLUSIONS 
The purpose of this analysis and model was to calculate BDCFs for an extrusive igneous event 
(volcanic eruption). BDCFs were developed for each of the 17 radionuclides of interest for the 
average member of the critical group (AMCG). BDCFs were calculated for the following 
radionuclides: 90Sr, 137Cs, 210Pb, 226Ra, 227Ac, 229Th, 230Th, 231Pa, 232U, 233U, 234U, 238Pu, 239Pu, 
240Pu, 242Pu, 241Am, and 243Am. The following five cases were considered: 
 Transition phase, 15-cm layer of ash, annual average mass loading 
 Transition phase, 1-cm layer of ash, annual average mass loading 
 Transition phase, 15-cm layer of ash, 10-year average mass loading 
 Transition phase, 1-cm layer of ash, 10-year average mass loading 
 Steady-state phase. 
The term transition phase after volcanic eruption refers to the conditions of increased mass 
loading caused by resuspension of contaminated ash. Mass loading is a term used by the code, 
GENII-S, for mass concentration of suspended particulates in air. The steady-state phase after 
volcanic eruption represents conditions when the general dustiness in the area has returned to the 
pre-eruption levels. 
BDCF development was accompanied by pathway, and limited uncertainty analyses. 
The resulting BDCFs are summarized in Tables 11 through 15 for the five combinations of 
exposure scenarios, ash thickness, and mass loading conditions as specified above. 
The complete set of model files can be found in the modeling database of the TDMS 
(DTN: MO0010MWDPBD03.007). 
Pathway analysis showed that inhalation is the dominant pathway for most radionuclides except 
90Sr, 137Cs, 210Pb, and 226Ra. Inadvertent soil ingestion was second. Together these two 
pathways account for about 99 percent of transition phase BDCFs for a 1-cm ash thickness, and 
over 95 percent for a 15-cm ash thickness. Pathway contribution to BDCFs for 90Sr, 210Pb, and 
226Ra is more diversified with a larger contribution from food consumption. External exposure 
to contaminated soil is the dominant pathway for 137Cs. 
The BDCFs developed in this AMR were obtained using current, updated inputs. If new input 
data become available, the BDCFs may be revised. The BDCF values presented in this report, as 
well as the conclusions from the pathway and uncertainty analyses, differ from those developed 
previously (CRWMS M&O 2000a) due to the differences in the input values. 
Limitations, constrains, and restrictions on future use of BDCFs 
BDCFs for volcanic eruption were developed for two ash thicknesses, 1 cm and 15 cm. BDCFs 
for the transition phase for 1-cm ash layer are the most conservative because the activity is 
assumed to be concentrated in the upper layer of soil and available for resuspension to a greater 
degree than in the case of the same activity diluted throughout the 15-cm layer of soil/ash. It is 
not recommended, however, that the transition phase BDCFs be used for the periods of time 
longer than 10 years. Steady-state BDCFs should be used for such conditions, i.e., for more than 
10 years after volcanic eruption.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 86 December 2000 
BDCFs developed for 15-cm ash thickness apply to ash layer deposits 15 cm in depth and 
greater, because radionuclides contained in ash beneath the roots are unavailable for plant 
uptake. The layers of ash below 15 cm do not participate in radionuclide uptake by plants or in 
the other pathways, which involve surface phenomena, therefore they do not contribute to 
BDCFs. Consequently, to use 15-cm BDCFs for ash deposits thicker than 15 cm, one should 
adjust the surface activity to the equivalent activity contained in the top 15 cm. For example, if 
ash deposit thickness is 30 cm and the surface activity deposition is 10 pCi/m2, the activity 
contained in a top 15-cm ash layer corresponds to 5 pCi/m2. Doses would then be calculated by 
using surface activity of 5 pCi/m2 and the BDCFs developed for the 15-cm layer of ash. 137Cs, 
which has a significant external radiation exposure pathway contribution in addition to the other 
pathways, should not be treated in the manner suggested above. 
The values of dose conversion factors and dose coefficients (i.e., factors used to convert 
exposure to radionuclides to dose) used to develop BDCFs apply to chronic low-level intakes 
and exposure conditions and are inappropriate for acute, high-level intakes and exposures. 
Therefore, volcanic eruption BDCFs for all phases of volcanic eruption should not be used for 
other types of exposures than low-level chronic exposures.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 87 December 2000 
8. INPUTS AND REFERENCES 
8.1 DOCUMENTS CITED 
CRWMS M&O 1998a. Software Qualification Report (SQR) GENII-S 1.485 Environmental 
Radiation Dosimetry Software System Version 1.485. CSCI: 30034 V1.4.8.5. DI: 30034-2003, 
Rev. 0. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19980715.0029. 
CRWMS M&O 1998b. Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project: Summary of 
Socioeconomic Data Analyses Conducted in Support of the Radiological Monitoring Program, 
April 1997 to April 1998. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19980803.0064. 
CRWMS M&O 1998c. Biosphere. Chapter 9 of Total System Performance 
Assessment-Viability Assessment (TSPA-VA) Analyses Technical Basis Document. 
B00000000-01717-4301-00009 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.19981008.0009. 
CRWMS M&O 1999. Dose Conversion Factor Analysis: Evaluation of GENII-S Dose 
Assessment Methods. ANL-MGR-MD-000002 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.19991207.0215. 
CRWMS M&O 2000a. Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis. 
ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000303.0216. 
CRWMS M&O 2000b. Scoping Calculation for Volcanic Eruption Biosphere Dose Conversion 
Factors. CAL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000809.0358. 
CRWMS M&O 2000c. Total System Performance Assessment for the Site Recommendation. 
TDR-WIS-PA-000001 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20001005.0282. 
CRWMS M&O 2000d. Technical Work Plan for Biosphere Modeling and Expert Support. 
TWP-MGR-MD-000009 REV 0. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20001102.0378. 
CRWMS M&O 2000e. Not used. 
CRWMS M&O 2000f. Environmental Transport Parameters Analysis. 
ANL-MGR-MD-000007 REV 00 ICN 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. Submit to 
RPC URN-0733 
CRWMS M&O 2000g. Transfer Coefficient Analysis. ANL-MGR-MD-000008 REV 00 
ICN 02. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20001016.0005.

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CRWMS M&O 2000h. Input Parameter Values for External and Inhalation Radiation Exposure 
Analysis. ANL-MGR-MD-000001 REV 01 ICN 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20001122.0005. 
CRWMS M&O 2000i. Identification of Ingestion Exposure Parameters. 
ANL-MGR-MD-000006 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000216.0104. 
CRWMS M&O 2000j. Calculation: Values and Consumption Rates of Locally Produced Food 
and Tap Water for the Receptor of Interest. CAL-MGR-MD-000005 REV 00. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20000922.0092. 
CRWMS M&O 2000k. Evaluate Soil/Radionuclide Removal by Erosion and Leaching. 
ANL-NBS-MD-000009 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000310.0057. 
CRWMS M&O 2000l. Characterize Eruptive Processes at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. 
ANL-MGR-GS-000002 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000517.0259. 
CRWMS M&O 2000m. Inventory Abstraction. ANL-WIS-MD-000006 REV 00. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20000414.0643. 
CRWMS M&O 2000n. Identification of the Critical Group (Consumption of Locally Produced 
Food and Tap Water). ANL-MGR-MD-000005 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: Submit to RPC. URN-0732 
CRWMS M&O 2000o. The Development of Information Catalogued in REV 00 of the YMP FEP 
Database. TDR-WIS-MD-000003 REV00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: 
MOL.20000705.0098. 
CRWMS M&O 2000p. Non-Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Sensitivity 
Analysis. ANL-MGR-MD-000010 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000420.0074. 
CRWMS M&O 2000q. Igneous Consequence Modeling for the TSPA-SR. 
ANL-WIS-MD-000017 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000501.0225. 
CRWMS M&O 2000r. Disruptive Events Process Model Report. TDR-NBS-MD-000002 
REV 00 ICN 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20000727.0085. 
CRWMS M&O 2000s. Evaluation of the Applicability of Biosphere-Related Features, Events, 
and Processes (FEP). ANL-MGR-MD-000011 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000420.0075.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 89 December 2000 
CRWMS M&O 2000t. Non-Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors. 
ANL-MGR-MD-000009 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000307.0383. 
CRWMS M&O 2000u. Non-Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Sensitivity 
Analysis. ANL-MGR-MD-000010 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000420.0074. 
CRWMS M&O 2000v. Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Sensitivity 
Analysis. ANL-MGR-MD-000004 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. 
ACC: MOL.20000418.0826. 
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) 1997. The 1997 Biosphere Food Consumption Survey 
Summary Findings and Technical Documentation. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.19981021.0301. 
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) 2000. Quality Assurance Requirements and Description. 
DOE/RW-0333P, Rev. 10. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian 
Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20000427.0422. 
Doorenbos, J. and Pruitt, W.O. 1977. Crop Water Requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage 
Paper 24. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 
TIC: 245199. 
Eckerman, K.F. and Ryman, J.C. 1993. External Exposure to Radionuclides in Air, Water, and 
Soil, Exposure-to-Dose Coefficients for General Application, Based on the 1987 Federal 
Radiation Protection Guidance. EPA 402-R-93-081. Federal Guidance Report No. 12. 
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air. 
TIC: 225472. 
Eckerman, K.F.; Wolbarst, A.B.; and Richardson, A.C.B. 1988. Limiting Values of Radionuclide 
Intake and Air Concentration and Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation, Submersion, and 
Ingestion. EPA 520/1-88-020. Federal Guidance Report No. 11. Washington, 
D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. TIC: 203350. 
EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) 1994. Measuring Air Quality: The Pollutant 
Standards Index. EPA 451/K-94-001. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency. TIC: 248508. 
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 1977. Recommendations of the 
International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 26. New York, New 
York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 221568. 
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 1978. Limits for Intakes of 
Radionuclides by Workers. Annals of the ICRP. ICRP Publication 30 Supplement to Part 1. 
New York, New York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 221575.

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ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 1979. Limits for Intakes of 
Radionuclides by Workers. Volume 2, No. 3/4 of Annals of the ICRP. Sowby, F.D., ed. ICRP 
Publication 30 Part 1. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 4939. 
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 1980. Limits for Intakes of 
Radionuclides by Workers. Volume 4, No. 3/4 of Annals of the ICRP. ICRP Publication 30 
Part 2. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 4941. 
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 1981a. Limits for Intakes of 
Radionuclides by Workers. Volume 5, No. 1-6 of Annals of the ICRP. ICRP Publication 30, 
Supplement to Part 2. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 4942. 
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 1981b. Limits for Intakes of 
Radionuclides by Workers. Volume 6, No. 2/3 of Annals of the ICRP. ICRP Publication 30 
Part 3, Including Addendum to Parts 1 and 2. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. 
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Radionuclides by Workers. Volume 8, No. 1-3 of Annals of the ICRP. ICRP Publication 30, 
Supplement B to Part 3. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 4945. 
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the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Volume 21, No. 1-3 of Annals of the 
ICRP. ICRP Publication 60. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 235864. 
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Members of the Public from Intake of Radionuclides: Part 5 Compilation of Ingestion and 
Inhalation Dose Coefficients. Volume 26, No. 1 of Annals of the ICRP. Smith, H., ed. ICRP 
Publication 72. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. TIC: 235870. 
ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) 2000. Radiation Protection 
Recommendations as Applied to the Disposal of Long-lived Solid Radioactive Waste. Annals of 
the ICRP. ICRP Publication 81. New York, New York: Pergamon Press. On Order Library 
Tracking Number-249031 
LaPlante, P.A. and Poor, K. 1997. Information and Analyses to Support Selection of Critical 
Groups and Reference Biospheres for Yucca Mountain Exposure Scenarios. CNWRA 97-009. 
San Antonio, Texas: Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses. TIC: 236454. 
Leigh, C.D.; Thompson, B.M.; Campbell, J.E.; Longsine, D.E.; Kennedy, R.A.; and Napier, B.A. 
1993. Users Guide for GENII-S: A Code for Statistical and Deterministic Simulations of 
Radiation Doses to Humans from Radionuclides in the Environment. SAND91-0561. 
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Napier, B.A. 2000. Review of the Yucca Mountain Biosphere Modeling Effort (Preliminary 
Report). Richland, Washington: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. TIC: 247141.

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Napier, B.A.; Peloquin, R.A.; Strenge, D.L.; and Ramsdell, J.V. 1988. Conceptual 
Representation. Volume 1 of GENII - The Hanford Environmental Radiation Dosimetry 
Software System. PNL-6584. Richland, Washington: Pacific Northwest Laboratory. 
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Technical Issue: Total System Performance Assessment and Integration. Rev. 2. Washington, 
D.C.: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. TIC: 247614. 
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Analysis. NUREG/CR-3332. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 
TIC: 223809. 
8.2 DATA CITED 
MO0002RIB00068.000. Ingestion Exposure Parameter Values. Submittal date: 02/03/2000. 
MO0004RIB00085.000. Soil and Radionuclide Removal by Erosion and Leaching. Submittal 
date: 04/06/2000. 
MO0007SPADMM05.002. Distributions, Mean, Minimum, and Maximum Consumption Levels 
of Locally Produced Food by Type and Tap Water for the Amargosa Valley Receptor of Interest. 
Submittal date: 07/31/2000. 
MO0007SPAEDC20.002. Exposure-To-Dose Conversion Factors for Inhalation and Ingestion 
of Radionuclides. Submittal date: 07/06/2000. 
MO0010MWDPBD03.007. Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Disruptive Events. 
Submittal date: 10/09/2000. 
MO0010SPAAAM01.014. Input Parameter Values for External and Inhalation Radiation 
Exposure Analysis. Submittal date: 10/02/2000. 
MO0010SPAPET07.004. Environmental Transport Parameters. Submittal date: 10/03/2000. 
Submit to RPC URN-0659 
MO0010SPAPTC08.005. Transfer Coefficients. Submittal date: 10/03/2000. Submit to RPC 
URN-0660 
MO0012MWDDEB11.001. Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factors for Model 
Validation. Submittal date: 12/06/2000. Submit to RPC URN-0779 
MO9912RIB00066.000. Parameter Values for Internal and External Dose Conversion Factors. 
Submittal date: 12/03/99. 
MO9912SPASUB02.001. Dose Coefficients for Air Submersion and Exposure to Contaminated 
Soil. Submittal date: 12/10/1999.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 92 December 2000 
8.3 CORRESPONDENCE CITED 
Burck, P. 1999. "Response to Disruptive Event BDCF Input Data/Information Request." 
Memorandum from P. Burck (SNL) to J.F. Schmitt, June 1, 1999, with attachment. ACC: 
MOL.19991001.0157. 
Dyer, J.R. 1999. Revised Interim Guidance Pending Issuance of New U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 
Commission (NRC) Regulations (Revision 01, July 22, 1999), for Yucca Mountain, Nevada. 
Letter from J.R. Dyer (DOE/YMSCO) to D.R. Wilkins (CRWMS M&O), September 3, 1999, 
OL&RC:SB-1714, with enclosure, Interim Guidance Pending Issuance of New NRC 
Regulations for Yucca Mountain (Revision 01). ACC: MOL.19990910.0079. 
Harris, M.W. 1997. Recommendation of Models to be Used in the Biosphere Modeling Effort. 
Letter from M.W. Harris (CRWMS M&O) to W.R. Dixon (DOE/YMSCO), July 8, 1997, 
LV.ESR.CHT.07/97-125, with attachment. ACC: MOL.19971124.0033 MOL.19971124.0034. 
8.4 CODES, STANDARDS, AND REGULATIONS 
10 CFR 20. Energy: Standards for Protection Against Radiation. Readily available. 
40 CFR 50.7. 1999. Protection of Environment: National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air 
Quality Standards for Particulate Matter. Readily available. 
64 FR 46976. Environmental Radiation Protection Standards for Yucca Mountain, Nevada. 
Readily available. 
64 FR 67054. Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management; General Guidelines for the 
Recommendation of Sites for Nuclear Waste Repositories; Yucca Mountain Site Suitability 
Guidelines. Readily available. 
64 FR 8640. Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Wastes in a Proposed Geologic Repository at 
Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Readily available. 
8.5 PROCEDURES 
AP-2.1Q, Rev. 1, ICN 0. Indoctrination and Training of Personnel. Washington, 
D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. 
ACC: MOL.20000629.0909. 
AP-2.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 0. Establishment and Verification of Required Education and Experience 
of Personnel. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive 
Waste Management. ACC: MOL.19990701.0618. 
AP-2.14Q, Rev. 1, ICN 0. Review of Technical Products. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department 
of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001211.0001.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 93 December 2000 
AP-2.21Q, Rev. 0, ICN 0. Quality Determination and Planning for Scientific, Engineering, and 
Regulatory Compliance Activities. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of 
Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20000802.0003. 
AP-3.4Q, Rev. 2, ICN 0. Level 03 Change Control. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001213.0064. 
AP-3.10Q, Rev. 2, ICN 3, Analyses and Models. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20000918.0282. 
AP-3.12Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3, Calculations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office 
of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001026.0084. 
AP-3.14Q, Rev. 0, ICN 2. Transmittal of Input. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, 
Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001122.0001. 
AP-3.15Q, Rev. 2, ICN 0. Managing Technical Product Inputs. Washington, 
D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. 
ACC: MOL.20001109.0051. 
AP-3.17Q, Rev. 1, ICN 0. Impact Reviews. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, 
Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001211.0003. 
AP-6.1Q, Rev. 5, ICN 0. Controlled Documents. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20000608.0009. 
AP-17.1Q, Rev. 1, ICN 3. Record Source Responsibilities for Inclusionary Records. 
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste 
Management. ACC: MOL.20001120.0166. 
AP-SI.1Q, Rev. 2, ICN 4, ECN 1. Software Management. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department 
of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001019.0023. 
AP-SIII.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3. Qualification of Unqualified Data and the Documentation of 
Rationale for Accepted Data. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian 
Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001002.0152. 
AP-SIII.3Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3. Submittal and Incorporation of Data to the Technical Data 
Management System. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian 
Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20000418.0808. 
AP-SIII.4Q, Rev. 0, ICN 1. Development, Review, Online Placement, and Maintenance of 
Individual Reference Information Data Base Items. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of 
Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.19991214.0631. 
AP-SV.1Q, Rev. 0, ICN 2. Control of the Electronic Management of Data. Washington, 
D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. 
ACC: MOL.20000831.0065.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 94 December 2000 
NLP-2-0, Rev. 5, ICN 1. Determination of Importance Evaluations. Las Vegas, 
Nevada: Civilian Radioactive Waste Management System, Management and Operating 
Contractor. ACC: MOL.20000713.0360. 
QAP-2-3, Rev. 10. Classification of Permanent Items. Las Vegas, Nevada: Civilian 
Radioactive Waste Management System, Management and Operating Contractor. 
ACC: MOL.19990316.0006. 
8.6 SOFTWARE CITED 
Sandia National Laboratories 1998. Software Code: GENII-S V1.4.8.5 . V1.4.8.5. 30034 
V1.4.8.5.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-1 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT I 
MATHEMATICAL MODELS USED BY GENII-S

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-2 December 2000

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-3 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT I 
MATHEMATICAL MODELS USED BY GENII-S 
This attachment describes selected models used in the GENII-S computer code, which are 
important for the perspective of biosphere modeling for performance assessment. Some 
components of the models are omitted in order to maintain focus on the main model features. 
For example, the radioactive decay factor is not included in the equations presented in this 
section, while GENII-S considers the decay and in-growth of radionuclides during transport 
through environmental media. 
I.1 ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT OF RADIONUCLIDES 
The exposure scenarios under consideration are discussed in Section 6.2. In the case of the 
groundwater contamination scenario, radionuclide migration in the biosphere, and the subsequent 
human exposure, which is initiated when contaminated water is used for domestic and 
agricultural needs. In the case of an extrusive igneous event, radionuclides become deposited 
with volcanic ash on the soils surface following volcanic eruption. The subsequent use of 
contaminated land, combined with the natural processes, causes radionuclide migration through 
the environment. As a result, radionuclides become redistributed from the initial source of 
contamination (groundwater or volcanic ash) to other components of the biosphere, such as soil, 
air, plants, animals, and, eventually, humans. 
I.1.1 Radionuclide Concentration in Soil 
The soil model used in GENII-S is relatively simple. Although the code considers two soil 
strata: surface soil and deep soil, only contamination present in the surface soil layer is subject 
to resuspension and transfer to food products. The radionuclide concentration in the top layer of 
soil is governed by a conservation equation, where the rate of change in radionuclide 
concentration in a volume of soil is equal to the rate of activity addition (from either irrigation or 
ash fall) minus the rate of activity removal. GENII-S considers three mechanisms of potential 
radionuclide removal from the soil: radioactive decay, plant uptake, and leaching into the deeper 
soil layer where radioactivity becomes unavailable to plants. A fourth mechanism of potential 
radionuclide removal, not incorporated into the GENII-S computer code, is physical loss of soil 
(i.e., erosion by wind and water). This process is modeled outside of the GENII-S code. 
Primary calculations of radionuclide concentration in soil in GENII-S are based on an irrigation 
period of one year. It is assumed that radioactivity is initially distributed throughout the upper 
soil layer, which is where all plant roots are assumed to be located. Radionuclide activity in soil 
per unit area, Cs, following irrigation with contaminated water is calculated using the following 
relationship (adapted from Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.57-4.58): 
( )t 
l 
w 
s 
l e 
I C 
C . 
. 
- - = 1 
4 . 25 
(Eq. I-1)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-4 December 2000 
where:
Cs  radionuclide activity concentration in soil per unit area (Bq m-2) 
Cw  activity concentration of radionuclide in water (Bq L-1) 
I  irrigation rate (in y-1) 
.l  leaching rate (y-1) 
t  exposure time (equal to one year) 
25.4 L in-1 m-2  unit conversion factor (number of liters in one inch of water applied 
over one m2 of soil surface) 
For irrigation periods longer than one year, GENII-S factors in removal of radionuclides from 
soil by harvest. Harvest removal calculations are based on radionuclide concentration in a plant 
and the plants yield, and are carried out cyclically for the assumed duration of prior irrigation 
with the contaminated water. 
I.1.2 Radionuclide Concentration in Air 
The concentration of radionuclides in air, Ca, resulting from soil resuspension is calculated, from 
the definition of the resuspension factor, using the following equation (Napier et al. 1988, 
p. 4.63): 
M C C s a  = (Eq. I-2) 
where: 
Ca  radionuclide concentration in air (Bq m-3) 
M  resuspension factor (m-1) 
I.1.3 Radionuclide Concentration in Plants 
Four categories of edible plants are considered in GENII-S: leafy vegetables, other (root) 
vegetables, fruit, and grain. There are two main mechanisms of radionuclide transfer to a 
plant: direct deposition on plant surfaces and the root uptake. Deposition on plant surfaces may 
result from irrigation with contaminated water and from resuspension of contaminated soil. 
In order to evaluate radionuclide deposition onto leaf surfaces, the deposition rates for irrigation 
and soil resuspension have to be calculated separately. The leaf deposition rate from irrigation, 
DRir , is calculated as follows (adapted from Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.57): 
ID 
I C 
DR w 
ir 
12 4 . 25  
= (Eq. I-3) 
where: 
DRir  leaf deposition rate from irrigation (Bq m-2 y-1) 
ID  irrigation duration (months) 
25.4 l in-1 m-2  unit conversion factor 
12 months y-1  unit conversion factor

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-5 December 2000 
The leaf deposition rate from resuspension, DRrs, is calculated as follows (adapted from Napier 
et al. 1988, p. 4.57): 
d a rs v C DR 7 10 154 . 3  = (Eq. I-4) 
where: 
DRrs  leaf deposition rate from resuspension (Bq m-2 y-1) 
vd  deposition velocity (m s-1) 
3.154  107 s y-1  unit conversion factor 
Activity concentration in a plant, following leaf deposition of airborne radionuclides, Cp,d, is 
calculated as follows (adapted from Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.67): 
( ) ( )g w t 
w 
a rs w ir 
d p e 
B 
T r DR r DR 
C . 
. 
- - 
+ 
= 1 
365 , (Eq. I-5) 
where: 
Cp,d  activity concentration in a plant (Bq kg-1) 
.w  weathering constant (d-1) 
tg  growing time (days) 
rw  irrigation interception fraction (dimensionless) 
ra  air interception fraction (dimensionless) 
T  translocation factor (dimensionless) 
365 d y-1  unit conversion factor 
Translocation factor, T, descries the fraction of radionuclide transferred from plant surfaces to 
edible parts of the plant. Irrigation interception fraction, rw, and the air interception fraction, ra 
represent the fraction of initial deposition retained on the plant. 
The air interception fraction, ra, was calculated as follows (adopted from Napier et al. 1988, 
p. 4.69): 
DW B a 
a e r - - = 0 . 1 (Eq. I-6) 
where: 
a  empirical factor (m2 kg-1
dry mass) 
B  biomass (kg wet mass m-2) 
DW  plant dry-to-wet weight ratio (kg dry mass kg-1
wet mass) 
Empirical factor, a, is equal to 3.6 for root vegetables and fruit and 2.9 for leafy vegetables, grain 
and grasses (Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.69).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-6 December 2000 
Activity concentration in a plant which results from radionuclide uptake by a plant root system, 
Cp,r , is calculated using the following equation (adapted from Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.67): 
DW F 
C 
C p s 
s
s 
r p . = 
. , (Eq. I-7) 
where: 
Cp,r  activity concentration in a plant from root uptake (Bq kg-1) 
.s  surface soil density (kg m-2) 
Fs.p  radionuclide soil-to-plant transfer factor 
(Bq kg-1
dry plant per Bq kg-1
dry soil) 
Total activity concentration in a plant, Cp, is the sum of deposition on plant surfaces and root 
uptake contributions (adapted from Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.68): 
r p d p p C C C , , + = (Eq. I-8) 
where: 
Cp  total activity concentration in a plant (Bq kg-1) 
Activity concentration of Carbon-14 in plants was calculated using a different method (Napier 
et al. 1988, p. 4.86). It was assumed that the specific activity of Carbon-14 in an environmental 
medium, such as a plant, was the same as that of the contaminating medium. The fractional 
content of carbon in a plant was then used to compute the concentration of Carbon-14 in the food 
product under consideration. The following equation was used to determine Carbon-14 activity 
concentration in plants (Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.86): 
p 
s l 
w 
p FC 
ID 
I C 
C    = 
01 . 0 
1 . 0 12 4 . 25 
. . 
(Eq. I-9) 
where: 
0.1  the assumed uptake of 10 percent of plant carbon from soil 
0.01  the average fraction of soil that is carbon 
FCp  fraction of carbon in a plant 
The assumption of uptake of 10 percent of plant carbon from the soil is conservative because 
plants acquire almost all of their carbon from the air (Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.86). 
I.1.4 Radionuclide Concentration in Animal Products 
Radionuclide transfer to animal products results from the ingestion of contaminated feed and 
contaminated water by the animal. Animal products considered include meat (beef and pork),

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-7 December 2000 
milk, poultry, and eggs. Determination of radionuclide concentrations in animal products begins 
with the calculation of radionuclide concentrations in fresh forage and stored feed, Cf , using 
formulas similar to those described in Section I.1.3, but with parameter values characteristic of 
crops grown for animal consumption. Once the concentrations of radionuclides in fresh forage 
and stored feed were determined, the daily radionuclide intake by the animal is calculated which 
is then converted to the radionuclide concentration in animal product, Cap, using the following 
formula (adapted from Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.70-4.72): 
( ) ap ad f a f w a w ap F CR C CR C C . + = , , (Eq. I-10) 
where: 
Cap  radionuclide concentration in animal product (Bq kg-1 or Bq L-1) 
CRa,w  animal consumption rate of water (L d-1) 
Cf  activity concentration in fresh forage or stored feed (Bq kg-1) 
CRa,f - animal consumption rate of fresh forage or stored feed (kg d-1) 
Fad.ap - radionuclide transfer factor from animal diet to animal product 
(d kg-1 or d L-1) 
The concentration of Carbon-14 in animal products is calculated using the following formula 
(Napier et al. 1988, p. 4.89): 
ap 
w a w f a f 
w a w f a f 
ap FC 
CR FC CR FC 
CR C CR C 
C 
, , 
, , 
+
+ 
= (Eq. I-11) 
where: 
FCap  fraction of carbon in animal product 
FCf  fraction of carbon in animal feed 
I.1.5 Radionuclide Concentration in Aquatic Food 
The concentration of radionuclides in fish, Cf, is calculated using the following formula: 
BF C C w f = (Eq. I-12) 
where: 
BF  bioaccumulation factor in fish (Bq kg-1 per Bq L-1) 
I.2 DOSE ASSESSMENT 
Radiation doses to humans may result from internal intake of radionuclides by inhalation or 
ingestion or from external exposure to radionuclides present in the environment. 
Dose assessment in GENII-S is carried out by considering radionuclide concentrations in 
environmental media, factoring in human exposure conditions, and performing the conversion of 
exposure to dose. For internal exposure, radionuclide activity intake is calculated by combining

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-8 December 2000 
the radioactivity concentration in environmental media (e.g., food, soil, air, and water) with the 
amount of environmental medium taken into the body. Then, using dosimetric models, 
radionuclide intake is converted into dose. To assess exposure from external sources, GENII-S 
uses dose coefficients that convert radionuclide concentrations in environmental media to doses 
for the duration of exposure. 
Dose calculations performed by GENII-S are based on methods developed in ICRP-30 
(ICRP 1979, ICRP 1980, ICRP 1981b). The code calculates incremental organ dose equivalents 
for each year following an initial radionuclide intake. Committed dose equivalent (50-year organ 
dose following an intake) is then assembled from incremental dose equivalents to each organ 
over the commitment period. Committed effective dose equivalent is then calculated by 
producing a sum of the organ dose equivalents weighted by organ/tissue weighting factors. 
Conceptually, calculation of doses from internally deposited radionuclides, Dint, can be 
considered as if the following relationship were used (adapted from Napier et al. 1988, pp. 4.63, 
4.69, 4.72): 
DCF IN D  = int (Eq. I-13) 
where: 
Dint  dose from annual radionuclide intake (rem) 
IN  annual radionuclide intake by inhalation or by ingestion (Bq) 
DCFint  dose conversion factor for internal radionuclide intake by inhalation or 
ingestion (Sv Bq-1) 
Dose calculated as above is expressed in terms of committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE). 
Annual intake, IN, is a product of activity concentration in a medium and the amount of this 
medium taken internally over one year. For annual intake with food, activity concentration in a 
food product is multiplied by the annual consumption rate for this food; for annual intake with 
water, activity concentration in water gets combined with the annual consumption rate of water; 
for inadvertent soil ingestion, activity concentration in soil is multiplied by the amount of soil 
ingested annually. To calculate intake by inhalation, the activity concentration in air is 
multiplied by the breathing rate and the amount of time a person is exposed to a given activity 
concentration in air. 
GENII-S calculates the radiation doses from external exposures by considering radionuclide 
concentrations in soil or air and the duration of exposure to soil and air and combining them with 
dose coefficients to calculate radiation doses. For example, annual doses from external 
exposure, Dext, to radionuclides in soil were calculated using the following relationship (adapted 
from Napier et al. 1988, pp. 4.84): 
soil ext v s ext DCF T C D , = (Eq. I-14)

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-9 December 2000 
where: 
Dext  annual dose from external exposure (Sv) 
Cs,v  activity concentration in soil per unit volume (Bq m-3) 
Text  duration of external exposure to contaminated soil (s) 
DCFsoil - dose coefficient for exposure to soil contaminated to a depth of 15 cm 
from FGR 12 (Eckerman and Ryman 1993) (Sv s-1 per Bq m-3). 
Dose calculated as above is expressed in terms of effective dose equivalent (EDE). 
Doses from exposure to internally deposited radionuclides are combined with doses from 
external irradiation to produce total all-pathway doses. 
ext tot D D D + = int (Eq. I-15) 
where: 
Dtot  total dose (Sv) 
Total dose, calculated using Eq. I-15 is expressed in terms of total effective dose equivalent 
(TEDE). To convert the value of dose expressed in sieverts to rems, the value in sieverts should 
be multiplied by 100.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 I-10 December 2000 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-1 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT II 
BIOSPHERE MODEL VALIDATION

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-2 December 2000

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-3 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT II 
BIOSPHERE MODEL VALIDATION 
II.1 INTRODUCTION 
The biosphere system is the link between the geosphere system and the receptor and it is 
represented by the biosphere conceptual model. Typical scope of biosphere modeling includes 
the migration and accumulation of radionuclides in the biosphere and the evaluation of the 
potential radiological impacts on a human receptor. The specific case of the biosphere modeling 
for the potential repository at Yucca Mountain, described herein, differs from the conventional 
approach. The biosphere conceptual model in this case is limited to consideration of biosphere 
transport, and human intake and exposure, resulting from a unit of activity concentration present 
at the contamination source, which is volcanic ash. The model does not include evaluation of 
radiological impact or assessment of doses; it provides dose factors, called biosphere dose 
conversion factors (BDCFs), that enable such evaluations or assessments that are carried out in 
the TSPA model. 
The biosphere system can be conceived as a set of specific biotic and abiotic components of the 
accessible environment and the relationships between these components. Typically, construction 
of the conceptual model of the biosphere is based on developing assumptions and hypotheses 
regarding these characteristics. This is followed by constructing a logical and comprehensive 
framework that combines those assumptions and hypotheses with relevant scientific 
understanding to enable calculations of radiological impact. The attention, therefore, is focused 
on the characteristics of the environment that are important from the perspective of contributing 
to BDCFs for exposure scenarios under consideration. The biosphere conceptual model 
constructed for the potential repository is representative of a reference biosphere system 
delineated by the proposed rules and the interim guidance (64 FR 46976, Section III.B.6; 64 FR 
8640, 63.115; Dyer 1999, Section 115). 
II.1.1 Description of Conceptual Model 
The biosphere conceptual model for the region around Yucca Mountain consists of assumptions, 
simplifications, and idealizations that describe the essential aspects of the biosphere in the 
vicinity of Yucca Mountain. The model is used to evaluate the transport of radionuclides 
released from the source of contamination throughout the biosphere to the human receptor. 
The receptor of interest is discussed in Section II.1.2.1. 
The biosphere conceptual model provides a mechanism for the evaluation of BDCFs from 
selected pathways to a defined receptor. The release scenario addressed here is a volcanic 
discharge through the repository leading to atmospheric dispersal of the contaminants into the 
accessible environment by an ash fall, thus contaminating the soil. 
The biosphere conceptual model includes the following components: surface soil above the 
lower bounds of the plant root zone (including volcanic ash), surface water, the atmosphere, flora 
and fauna. In other words, the lowest boundary of the biosphere conceptual model is at the 
bottom of the plant root zone, and it includes all biological components that may be a part of a 
potential pathway of radionuclides to humans. The biosphere conceptual model does not include

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-4 December 2000 
processes related to atmospheric transport and dispersion of airborne radionuclides. In the 
context of postclosure performance assessment, such processes are considered in relation to the 
atmospheric transport of contaminated ash from the erupting volcano to the receptors location. 
This component is currently modeled within the disruptive event model (CRWMS M&O 2000p). 
The biosphere model does consider airborne radioactivity resulting from resuspension of 
contaminated ash/soil matrix. Therefore the contribution from inhalation of resuspended 
contaminated ash is included in the BDCFs presented in this document. 
The primary function of the biosphere conceptual model is to support calculations of BDCFs. 
The BDCFs account for: (1) environmental transport of radionuclides by converting 
radionuclide concentrations at the source to concentrations in relevant biosphere media such as 
plants and animals; and (2) radionuclide uptake via, and external exposure to, environmental 
media and resulting dose factors. BDCFs are therefore functions of environmental transfer 
factors, exposure factors and dosimetric factors. Environmental transfer factors convert 
radionuclide concentrations in water to concentrations in a biosphere medium (e.g., plants, meat, 
milk, eggs). Exposure factors include parameters such as ingestion rate and exposure time (e.g., 
how much beef a receptor eats per year, how much time a receptor spends outdoors). Dosimetric 
factors convert internal and external exposures to radiation to doses. They account for the 
biological effectiveness of various types of radiation and the different sensitivities of various 
body tissues to radiation. Dosimetric factors are specific to each radionuclide and the 
mechanism by which they expose the receptor (e.g., direct radiation, ingestion, and inhalation). 
The objective of the biosphere modeling effort is to determine the values of BDCFs for those 
radionuclides expected to enter the biosphere, considering all of the important exposure 
pathways. Radionuclide-specific BDCFs quantify radionuclide transport, intake and external 
exposure, and the resulting doses per unit of activity concentration at the source. They are 
calculated for a specific receptor of interest and they combine contributions from various 
exposure pathways, such as ingestion of food, inadvertent ingestion of soil, inhalation, and 
exposure to radionuclides external to the body. 
BDCFs are multipliers, or factors, used in the TSPA model to convert a radionuclide 
concentration at the source of contamination into radiation dose that a human receptor would 
receive from exposure pathways under consideration. For the disruptive event scenario the doses 
are obtained by multiplying surface activity deposition of a radionuclide by the corresponding 
BDCF. 
DCFs are expressed in terms of annual dose, i.e., TEDE or CEDE, per unit of activity 
concentration at the source of contamination. BDCFs are independent of the actual activity 
concentration in the layer of volcanic ash deposited on the soil surface. Details of calculations of 
contaminated ash deposition for extrusive igneous disruptive events are described in Igneous 
Consequence Modeling for TSPA-SR AMR (CRWMS M&O 2000q), which supports the 
Disruptive Events PMR (CRWMS M&O 2000r). 
II.1.1.1 Model Development 
The biosphere system at Yucca Mountain is represented by the reference biosphere. A starting 
point for biosphere conceptual model development is the requirement that [f]eatures, events,

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-5 December 2000 
and processes that describe the reference biosphere shall be consistent with present knowledge of 
the conditions in the region surrounding the Yucca Mountain site (64 FR 8640, 
Section 63.115(a)(1), Dyer 1999, Section 115). To meet this requirement, any conceptual model 
of the biosphere around Yucca Mountain must be based on FEPs that are reflective of current 
conditions. A list of FEPs that have been identified as reflective of current conditions considered 
applicable to the conduct of performance assessment for Yucca Mountain has been developed. 
FEPs that are considered applicable to biosphere modeling are shown in Table II-1. 
Table II-1. Features, Events, and Processes Applicable to Biosphere 
FEP NAME YMP FEP DATABASE NUMBER 
Erosion/denudation 1.2.07.01.00 
Deposition 1.2.07.02.00 
Climate change, global 1.3.01.00.00 
Wells 1.4.07.02.00 
Soil type 2.3.02.01.00 
Radionuclide accumulation in soils 2.3.02.02.00 
Soil and sediment transport 2.3.02.03.00 
Precipitation 2.3.11.01.00 
Surface runoff and flooding 2.3.11.02.00 
Biosphere characteristics 2.3.13.01.00 
Biosphere transport 2.3.13.02.00 
Human characteristics (physiology, metabolism) 2.4.01.00.00 
Diet and fluid intake 2.4.03.00.00 
Human lifestyle 2.4.04.01.00 
Dwelling 2.4.07.00.00 
Agricultural land use and irrigation 2.4.09.01.00 
Animal farms and fisheries 2.4.09.02.00 
Drinking water, foodstuffs and drugs, contaminant 3.3.01.00.00 
Plant uptake 3.3.02.01.00 
Animal uptake 3.3.02.02.00 
Bioaccumulation 3.3.02.03.00 
Ingestion 3.3.04.01.00 
Inhalation 3.3.04.02.00 
External exposure 3.3.04.03.00 
Radiation doses 3.3.05.01.00 
For the disruptive event scenario, volcanic ash deposition on the soil is the entry mechanism for 
the radionuclides released from the repository to the biosphere. It is assumed that the human 
receptors water supply is extracted from a groundwater well that is similar to wells that 
currently exist. For the disruptive event scenario, an eruption would carry ash contaminated with 
radioactive material from the potential repository to the vicinity of the human receptor. Volcanic 
event modeling reported in the Igneous Consequence Modeling for the TSPA-SR (CRWMS 
M&O 2000q) has been used to identify the characteristics of volcanic eruption and the details of 
contaminated ash transport.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-6 December 2000 
II.1.1.2 Conceptual Model of the Biosphere 
As discussed in the previous sections, the attributes of the current biosphere model are based on 
a set of FEPs that conform to the proposed rules. These attributes, while sometimes appearing to 
be abstract, reflect the elements of a semi-arid environment in the Yucca Mountain vicinity and 
the possible processes leading to radionuclide transport in this environment. In the case of 
volcanic eruption intercepting the potential repository, contaminated volcanic ash may reach the 
hypothetical farming community in the biosphere. 
For the disruptive events scenario, contamination becomes initially deposited on the ground. 
Small particles of soil contaminated by volcanic ash may become resuspended. Resuspended 
contamination may be deposited on the crops. A person may also inhale resuspended 
contamination. The contaminated ash/soil matrix is a source of external irradiation to a person 
from radionuclides emitting penetrating radiation, which are present in the ash/soil matrix. 
Figure 3 of this document presents an illustrative, but not comprehensive, block diagram of the 
biosphere conceptual model for the disruptive event scenario. The figure shows important 
mechanisms of radionuclide migration in the biosphere from the source of contamination to the 
human receptor for the primary pathways relevant to the exposure scenario under consideration. 
The diagram for the extrusive igneous disruptive event scenario, where volcanic ash is the source 
of contamination, does not include components related to irrigation and drinking water 
consumption. Important parameters controlling radionuclide transport in the biosphere are also 
identified in the diagram. 
Ingestion, inhalation and external exposure are the major exposure pathways included in the 
conceptual model of the biosphere. The ingestion pathway includes consumption of locally 
produced crops, consumption of meat and dairy products from livestock, and ingestion of 
contaminated soil. The biosphere conceptual model allows for the assumption that livestock and 
poultry are sustained with some quantity of locally grown feed (e.g., pasture and seasonally 
harvested alfalfa). Thus, these animals are exposed to the radionuclides by consuming the 
radionuclides present in, or on, the plant tissues. Alfalfa is the predominant crop produced by 
the Amargosa Valley community and alfalfa and forage grasses comprise a major proportion of 
Nye County agricultural land (CRWMS M&O 1998b). Another component of the ingestion 
pathway is the inadvertent ingestion of soil. 
The primary inhalation pathway is through breathing of resuspended volcanic ash during outdoor 
activities such as farming and recreation. This pathway also includes expected inhalation of ash 
during the disruptive event. The factors that determine the degree of exposure through dust 
resuspension is the annual average concentration of suspended particles in air and the amount of 
time exposed annually to that concentration. 
The external pathway occurs as a result of direct exposure to the radiation emitted by radioactive 
materials external to the body (e.g., those present in the soil or on the soil surface). Duration of 
exposures depends on the activity concentration in soil and the amount of time spent indoors and 
outdoors.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-7 December 2000 
The magnitude of exposure from a number of pathways described above depends on the 
radionuclide concentration in soil. The dynamics of the radionuclide concentration in the top 
layer of soil are governed by a conservation equation where the rate of change in radionuclide 
concentration in a volume of soil is equal to the quantity flowing in (from the ash fall) minus the 
amount being removed. Mechanisms of potential radionuclide removal from the soil include 
radioactive decay, plant uptake, leaching into the deeper soil layer and physical loss of soil 
during crop harvesting. Continual land use with the attendant tilling may accelerate the 
erosion process. 
II.1.2 Exposure Scenario 
An exposure scenario establishes the circumstances of human exposure to radionuclides present 
in the biosphere. Each exposure scenario represents a different combination of FEPs and 
therefore has different exposure pathways. 
The exposure scenario was defined in a two-step process. First, the geosphere-biosphere 
interface was defined. For the disruptive event scenario, the interface is from the volcanic ash 
deposition on the soil surface. Second, the conditions that would lead to radionuclide intake and 
external exposure were determined and the applicable exposure pathways were identified based 
on the site-specific environment and assumptions about the human receptor group. For all 
exposure scenarios, present-day practices by a farming community were considered, and 
commercial and industrial activities were excluded. Exclusion of activities other than farming 
was due to the fact that farming activities involve more exposure pathways than other known 
activities of the region. 
II.1.2.1 Receptor of Interest 
The receptor of interest is an average member of the critical group. The critical group is 
representative of individuals from the hypothetical farming community whose behavioral 
characteristics will result in the highest exposures among the individuals in the community. 
The average member of the critical group is an adult who lives year-round at this location, uses a 
well as the primary water source, and otherwise has habits (e.g., consumption of 
locally-produced foods) that are similar to those of the current population of the Amargosa 
Valley. 
The routes taken by radionuclides through the biosphere from the source to a person are called 
exposure pathways. The analysis considered pathways that are typical for a hypothetical farming 
community. Farming activities usually involve more exposure pathways than other human 
activities in the Yucca Mountain region, including ingestion through consumption of crops and 
animal products; inhalation and direct exposure from surface contamination intensified by the 
significant outdoor activity of a farming lifestyle. 
The following exposure pathways were considered for disruptive event scenario: 
 Consumption of locally produced leafy vegetables 
 Consumption of other (root) locally produced vegetables 
 Consumption of locally produced fruit

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-8 December 2000 
 Consumption of locally produced grain 
 Consumption of locally produced meat (beef and pork) 
 Consumption of locally produced poultry 
 Consumption of locally produced milk 
 Consumption of locally produced eggs 
 Inadvertent soil ingestion 
 Inhalation of resuspended particulate matter 
 External exposure to contaminated soil. 
Pathways related to sediments and surface water were not considered because the current 
environment in the Yucca Mountain region lacks these features. 
The contribution to a BDCF from a specific pathway depends on the amount of contamination 
the human receptor comes in contact with, either through intake or through external exposure. 
Radioactivity intake may occur through inhalation or ingestion. The magnitude of the BDCF 
contribution from ingestion depends on the activity concentration in consumed products and the 
rate of consumption of these products. The magnitude of inhalation contribution to the BDCF 
(e.g., from breathing resuspended ash/soil and dust during outdoor activities, such as gardening 
and recreation) is influenced by the amount of resuspended particulate matter in the air, 
breathing rate, as well as the amount of time a person is exposed to a given concentration of 
radioactivity in the air. BDCF component from the external exposure pathway results from 
exposure to radiation sources that are external to the body, such as the contaminated ash/soil 
matrix. For this pathway, the contribution depends on the amount of time a person is exposed to 
activity in the ash/soil. 
II.1.2.2 Disruptive Event Scenario 
The extrusive igneous disruptive event scenario provides the framework for evaluation of 
radiological consequences of volcanic eruption. The source of contamination for this scenario is 
the deposition of contaminated volcanic ash on the soil surface. 
For calculation of BDCFs for the disruptive event scenario, the groundwater was considered to 
be uncontaminated because this factor is considered separately under the groundwater 
contamination scenario. Doses resulting from the combination of groundwater contamination 
and volcanic eruption can be calculated in the TSPA model by combining dose contributions 
from both scenarios. 
Because the groundwater is considered to be uncontaminated, pathways resulting from 
groundwater contamination (e.g., consumption of water and consumption of fish) were excluded 
from the disruptive events scenario. Other pathways were the same as those considered for the 
groundwater contamination scenario. 
II.2 BIOSPHERE MODEL VALIDATION 
This attachment discusses the Biosphere Model Validation which was performed and originally 
presented in Evaluation of the Applicability of Biosphere-related Features, Events, and 
Processes (FEP) (CRWMS M&O 2000s). A model validation discussion will not be included in

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-9 December 2000 
the revised document. An update to the model validation due to changes in input parameters is 
discussed in Section II.3. 
II.2.1 YMP Biosphere Model Validation Activity 
The validation activity documented here applies to all uses and applications of the YMP 
biosphere model, including the development of BDCFs. A BDCF is a multiplier used to convert 
a radionuclide concentration at the geosphere/biosphere interface into a dose that a human would 
receive from all pathways. BDCFs are expressed in units of annual dose per unit concentration 
in soil or water. 
Application of the biosphere model to develop BDCFs is documented in two AMRs: the BDCFs 
for groundwater contamination (a non-disruptive event) were originally developed in 
Non-Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis (CRWMS M&O 2000t), and 
BDCFs for an extursive igneous disruptive event (a disruptive event) were originally developed 
in Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis (CRWMS M&O 2000a). 
The biosphere model was also used to perform sensitivity analyses for groundwater BDCFs in 
Non-Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Sensitivity Analysis (CRWMS M&O 
2000u), and for the disruptive event BDCFs in Disruptive Event Biosphere Dose Conversion 
Factor Sensitivity Analysis (CRWMS M&O 2000v). In addition, the model was used to support 
calculation of BDCF for an alternative receptor (CRWMS M&O 2000u). 
II.2.2 Approach to Model Validation 
AP-3.10Q, Analyses and Models identifies model validation as a process to determine and 
document the adequacy of the scientific bases (i.e., confidence) for a model and to demonstrate 
the model is appropriate and adequate for its intended use. Validation may be accomplished by 
different means and to different degrees, depending on the exact nature and complexity of the 
phenomenon, process or system being modeled. For a simple system, the actual outcome, as 
reflected in data from laboratory experiments, field experiments or observations of natural or 
man-made analogs, may be compared with the predictions of the model. If such data are not 
available to support validation of the model, AP-3.10Q, Analyses and Models suggests alternate 
approaches including: 
 Peer review or review by international collaborations. 
 Technical review through publication in open literature. 
 Review of model calibration parameters for reasonableness or consistency in 
explanation of relevant data. 
 Comparison of analysis results with results from alternative conceptual models. 
 Calibration and corroboration within experimental data sets. 
 Comparison of analysis results with data attained during Performance Confirmation 
studies.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-10 December 2000 
For the conditions being predicted with the YMP biosphere model (future exposure of humans to 
radioactive materials that may be released from the repository) direct observation of an actual 
outcome may never be possible. Accordingly, validation of the biosphere conceptual model as 
implemented using the GENII-S computer software was conducted using a combination of the 
alternative approaches suggested by AP-3.10Q, Analyses and Models. 
II.2.3 Validation Method 
The YMP biosphere model is a synthesis of the biosphere conceptual model and a generic 
mathematical model and submodels that are executed by the GENII-S computer code. 
The conceptual model considered in this validation was that of a farming community, located 
approximately 20 km south of the potential repository. The general climatic conditions are those 
of an arid/semi-arid environment. The individuals living in this community have a lifestyle 
consistent with present day behaviors and obtain a portion of the food and water they consume 
from local sources. The objective of this validation effort was to enhance confidence that the 
YMP biosphere model has an adequate scientific basis and is appropriate and adequate for the 
basic biosphere concept and this intended use. A validation process was developed, with 
predetermined validation criteria, to provide a high degree of confidence that: 
 The GENII-S code, as installed, is operating correctly and gives results consistent with 
the inputs. 
 The BDCFs produced using GENII-S and the biosphere model are reasonable when 
compared with results of other calculations and conceptual models, and 
 The YMP biosphere pathways were assessed and parameterized in a technically 
defensible manner. 
A detailed presentation of the results of the validation method is provided in Section II.2.4. 
II.2.3.1 Segment 1: Software Qualification 
The GENII-S code qualification is one segment of the YMP biosphere model validation. As part 
of qualification process in the Software Qualification Report (SQR) GENII-S 1.485 (CRWMS 
M&O 1998a) validation criteria were established for comparison of the GENII-S output with the 
results published in the software documentation or the results of hand calculations. Similar 
criterion are used to support model validation in this AMR. 
Criterion 1.1: For test cases with numerical results, the GENII-S and expected (hand 
calculation or published) results agree within 5 percent. 
Criterion 1.2: For test cases with graphical output, actual and expected results agree 
(based on visual comparison). 
Six validation test cases were executed as part of the software qualification discussed in the SQR 
(CRWMS M&O 1998a). Five were the sample cases (including both deterministic and 
stochastic versions) provided with the GENII-S software package. The sample case results 
published in Users Guide for GENII-S: A Code for Statistical and Deterministic Simulations of

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-11 December 2000 
Radiation Doses to Humans from Radionuclides in the Environment (Leigh et al. 1993) were 
used as the basis for comparison with results of the validation test runs. The sixth validation test 
case was an independent case specifically designed by the YMP staff to exercise all the pathways 
of interest. Hand calculations of the independent test case were done using the equations from 
the GENII-S mathematical model. 
Each of the five sample test cases provided with the software was run in both stochastic and 
deterministic modes. The independent test case was run only in the deterministic mode. 
The results of each sample case were compared with the results published in Leigh et al. (1993). 
The results of the independent test case were compared with the hand-calculated doses. 
For each of the six test cases, the numerical values produced by GENII-S fell within 5 percent of 
the published or hand-calculated value. It is concluded that validation criterion 1.1 was met. 
For each test case, graphical outputs were consistent with the expected results. It is concluded 
that validation criterion 1.2 was met. 
Meeting Criteria 1.1 and 1.2 demonstrates that the code was installed properly and is operating 
correctly. 
II.2.3.2 Segment 2: Comparison of the YMP BDCF with Results of Other GENII-S 
Calculations and Conceptual Models 
The YMP BDCFs produced using the YMP current biosphere model, as presented in Disruptive 
Event Biosphere Dose Conversion Factor Analysis (CRWMS M&O 2000a), were compared and 
reconciled with results of other GENII-S calculations and conceptual models (LaPlante and Poor 
1997 and CRWMS M&O 1998c). Most features of the alternative models selected for 
comparison are very similar to the YMP biosphere model. However, the alternative calculations 
reflect the professional judgement of different analysts regarding the GENII-S input settings and 
parameter values that best represent the YMP biosphere features. Thus, this segment 
corresponds to one of the alternative validation approaches specified in AP-3.10Q, Analyses and 
Models. 
This validation segment helps assure that no significant deficiencies have been made in 
describing the YMP biosphere or in implementing the model using GENII-S. If the YMP 
BDCFs are shown to be consistent with results of other modeling efforts, additional confidence 
is gained in the appropriateness and adequacy of the YMP biosphere model and in the accuracy 
of its application. Selection of analyses for comparison was based on similarity of the pathways 
modeled and the documentation of the analysis inputs, both of which were necessary in order to 
compare and reconcile the results. 
Validation Criterion 2.1 was established for comparison of the YMP BDCFs with results of other 
calculations and conceptual models. 
Criterion 2.1: For radionuclides in surface soil from volcanic ash, differences between 
the YMP BDCFs and the values inferred from other analyses can be 
explained by differences in the pathway assumptions and values of input 
parameters.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-12 December 2000 
If values agree within about a factor of three, then they will be considered to be entirely 
consistent and no additional effort will be made to reconcile the differences. If the difference is 
greater than about a factor of three but less than a factor of ten, the values will be considered to 
be somewhat consistent, but no effort was made to explain the difference in terms of the values 
of the inputs used. If the difference is greater than a factor of ten, alternative calculations will be 
done to test the effect of different input parameter values and assumptions. 
II.2.3.3 Segment 3: Independent Review of the Biosphere Model 
The third segment of the validation process was an independent review of the model by a 
qualified technical expert. The review was conducted to enhance confidence that the model has 
adequate scientific basis and is appropriate and adequate for its intended use as described in 
Section II.2.3. Certain reviewer qualification criteria were deemed essential for the review to be 
credible, meaningful and constructive. Accordingly, it was determined that the independent 
reviewer must: 
 Have had no prior involvement in the development of the YMP biosphere conceptual 
model. 
 Be independent from the organization conducting the YMP biosphere modeling effort. 
 Have broad experience in environmental dose assessment and biosphere model 
development. 
 Possess detailed knowledge of the GENII-S code, its uses and limitations. 
The following validation Criteria 3.1  3.4 were established for this independent review of the 
biosphere modeling effort. 
Criterion 3.1: In the judgement of the independent reviewer, the pathways considered in 
the biosphere model and the manner in which they are applied is 
consistent with current environmental conditions in the Amargosa Valley 
and with the FEPs of interest. 
Criterion 3.2: In the judgement of the independent reviewer, the logic and analysis 
methods used to select values for the GENII-S input parameters are 
reasonable. 
Criterion 3.3: In the judgement of the independent reviewer, the references and data 
sources cited by the YMP analysts are current and defensible. 
Criterion 3.4: In the judgement of the independent reviewer, the values and ranges of the 
GENII-S input parameters used to develop BDCF are reasonable for the 
environmental conditions implicit in the biosphere conceptual model.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-13 December 2000 
II.2.4 Validation Results 
II.2.4.1 Comparison of the YMP BDCFs with Results of Other GENII-S Calculations 
and Conceptual Models 
DOE guidance (Dyer 1999) and the nature of the YMP physical environment limit the possible 
processes by which radionuclides from the potential repository may enter the biosphere and the 
pathways through which humans may be exposed. As a result of the DOE guidance (Dyer 
1999), no alternative conceptual models were identified. Comparison of the YMP BDCF with 
results of other GENII-S calculations for similar pathways and radionuclides is intended to 
enhance confidence in the YMP biosphere model and the integrity of the BDCF calculation 
process. 
As a basis for this comparison, alternative calculations involving the same dose pathways and 
some of the same radionuclides were identified. The first of these calculations is documented in 
Information and Analyses to Support Selection of Critical Groups and Reference Biospheres for 
Yucca Mountain Exposure Scenarios (LaPlante and Poor 1997), prepared for the U.S. Nuclear 
Regulatory Commission by the Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (CNWRA). The 
second set of calculations is documented in the TSPA-VA (CRWMS M&O 1998c). Although 
this second analysis was prepared within the CRWMS M&O, it represents a different set of 
biosphere calculations. 
The criteria that apply to the validation segments address the overall consistency of the YMP 
BDCFs with results of other calculations. Substantial variation (for example, an order of 
magnitude or more) may be observed between different environmental dose calculation results 
that are fundamentally consistent in their conceptual treatment of an issue. When the same 
calculational tool is used and the values for the input variables are documented, the effects of 
different inputs can be taken into account and the differences reconciled. 
Full and exact agreement between the YMP BDCFs as presented in CRWMS M&O (2000a), and 
the two other sets of calculations, reported in LaPlante and Poor (1997) and in CRWMS M&O 
(1998c) was not expected for all radionuclides. Whether or not the validation criteria were met 
was determined by the total weight of evidence presented by the alternative calculation results 
and not by any single BDCF comparison. 
The following sections compare the BDCF values for the BDCF values for a disruptive event 
(CRWMS M&O 2000a) directly with the corresponding results of the alternative calculations. 
Values that agreed within about a factor of three were considered to be entirely consistent and no 
additional effort was made to reconcile the differences. If the difference was greater than about a 
factor of three but less than a factor of ten, the values were considered to be somewhat 
consistent, but no effort was made to explain the difference in terms of the values of the inputs 
used. If the difference was greater than a factor of ten, alternative calculations were done to test 
the effect of different input parameter values and assumptions. 
II.2.4.2 Comparison of Disruptive Event BDCFs 
Table II-2 presents the BDCF values for a disruptive event (CRWMS M&O 2000a, Table 7) 
which are identified in the table heading as YMP BDCF, the corresponding values from

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-14 December 2000 
CRWMS M&O (1998c), identified in the table heading as TSPA-VA, and the ratio of the two 
values, YMP BDCF:TSPA-VA ratio. The two sets of radionuclides considered in this table are 
those that may reach the biosphere, based on the referenced documents. 
Table II-2. Comparison of YMP BDCFs with TSPA-VA BDCFs 
Radionuclide YMP BDCF1,2 TSPA/VA1,3 YMP BDCF:TSPA/VA 
227Ac 2.99E-09 8.49E-07 3.52E-03 
241Am 5.38E-10 2.14E-07 2.51E-03 
243Am 5.75E-10 2.14E-07 2.69E-03 
137Cs 1.81E-09 4 4 
231Pa 1.59E-09 7.42E-07 2.14E-03 
238Pu 3.62E-10 1.89E-07 1.92E-03 
239Pu 4.02E-10 2.10E-07 1.91E-03 
240Pu 4.01E-10 2.10E-07 1.91E-03 
90Sr 7.79E-09 4 4 
229Th 9.44E-10 2.17E-07 4.35E-03 
232U 8.07E-10 4 4 
233U 1.77E-10 1.78E-08 9.94E-03 
1 All values in units of rem/y per pCi/m2 
2 CRWMS M&O 2000a 
3 CRWMS M&O 1998c 
4 BDCF Value for this radionuclide not included in TSPA-VA document (CRWMS M&O 1998c). 
The ratios in Table II-2 show that the YMP BDCF values for a disruptive event (CRWMS M&O 
2000a) are about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the TSPA-VA values (CRWMS M&O 
1998c). A possible explanation for these differences can be found in the different input 
parameter values used in the two analyses. 
First, the value of crop resuspension factor used in the TSPA-VA (CRWMS M&O 1998c) 
analysis (mean value 1E-5 m-1) was several orders of magnitude greater than that used to 
generate the YMP BDCF (mean value of 8.3E-11 m-1) (CRWMS M&O 2000a). 
The significance of this difference is that based on the BDCF sensitivity analysis results 
(CRWMS M&O 2000v), ingestion of crops contaminated by resuspended soil is an important 
dose pathway for most radionuclides of interest. Second, a value of 410 mg/d for inadvertent 
soil ingestion was used in the TSPA-VA analysis (CRWMS M&O 1998c) compared to the 
50 mg/d value used in the YMP BDCF calculations (CRWMS M&O 2000a). The sensitivity 
analysis (CRWMS M&O 2000v) indicated that inadvertent soil ingestion accounts for a 
significant part (up to 77 percent) of the BDCF value for some radionuclides. 
GENII-S calculations were performed to evaluate the effect of the crop resuspension factor and 
inadvertent soil ingestion values on BDCF. The calculations used the higher values for crop 
resuspension factor and soil ingestion rate, but replicated the BDCF reasonable representation 
(stochastic) cases from CRWMS M&O (2000a) in all other respects. Resuspension factor was 
represented as a lognormal distribution with minimum value of 5.89E-7, maximum of 1.70E-4 
and mean of 1E-5 m-1. Inadvertent soil ingestion was set at a fixed value of 410 mg/d. 
The calculation using the higher soil ingestion rate is designated Case 1 in Table II-3. Case 2 is 
the calculation using higher resuspension factor. Case 3 uses the higher values for both

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-15 December 2000 
parameters. The results are presented in Table II-3, including the ratio of Case 3 to the 
TSPA-VA BDCF.
Table II-3. Comparison of TSPA BDCFs and Adjusted YMP BDCFs 
Radionuclide TSPA-VA1,2 
Case 11,3,4 
Adjusted BDCF 
Case 21,3,5 
Adjusted BDCF 
Case 31,3,6 
Adjusted BDCF 
Ratio: Case 3 
YMP 
BDCF: TSPA-VA 
227Ac 8.49E-07 1.13E-08 1.48E-06 1.49E-06 1.76 
241Am 2.14E-07 2.68E-09 3.80E-07 3.82E-07 1.79 
243Am 2.14E-07 2.71E-09 3.79E-07 3.81E-07 1.78 
137Cs 7 1.84E-09 1.47E-08 1.47E-08 7 
231Pa 7.42E-07 7.87E-09 1.12E-06 1.12E-06 1.51 
238Pu 1.89E-07 2.25E-09 3.35E-07 3.37E-07 1.78 
239Pu 2.10E-07 2.50E-09 3.73E-07 3.75E-07 1.79 
240Pu 2.10E-07 2.50E-09 3.72E-07 3.74E-07 1.78 
90Sr 7 7.86E-09 2.50E-08 2.51E-08 7 
229Th 2.17E-07 3.02E-09 3.86E-07 3.88E-07 1.79 
232U 7 1.58E-09 1.46E-07 1.47E-07 7 
233U 1.78E-08 3.48E-10 3.21E-08 3.23E-08 1.81 
1 All values in units of rem/y per pCi/m2 
2 CRWMS M&O 1998c 
3 DTN MO0012MWDDEB11.001 
4 Case with inadvertent soil ingestion set at a fixed value of 410 mg/d 
5 Case with resuspension factor represented as a lognormal distribution with minimum value of 5.89E-7, maximum 
of 1.70E-4 and mean of 1E-5 m-1 
6 Case with both resuspension factor and soil ingestion set at the higher values used in cases 1 and 2. 
7 BDCF value for this radionuclide not included in TSPA-VA document (CRWMS M&O 1998c). 
As seen from the ratios in Table II-3, the YMP BDCFs for all radionuclides except the plutonium 
isotopes were within a factor of two of those produced by the TSPA-VA calculation if the 
differences in crop resuspension factor and soil ingestion rate are considered. Nearly all the 
difference in the two sets of BDCF values can be attributed to the large difference in the crop 
resuspension factor values used in the calculations. Agreement of the adjusted BDCF values 
within a factor of two or less strongly supports the conclusion that the validation Criterion 2.1 
was met. 
Table II-4 presents the BDCF values for a disruptive event (CRWMS M&O 2000a) which are 
identified in the table heading as YMP BDCF, the corresponding values from LaPlante and Poor 
(1997), and the ratio of the two values, YMP: LaPlante and Poor ratio. The values in LaPlante 
and Poor (1997, Table 3-2) apply to the soil as the source of contamination for the nominal 
performance of the repository, rather than for the disruptive event. However, as described later 
in this section, human exposure conditions assumed in CRWMS M&O (2000a) resemble those 
of the nominal scenario. Therefore the comparison of the BDCF values from the previous 
revision of this report (CRWMS M&O 2000a) with the LaPlante and Poor (1997, Table 3-2) 
values is justified.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-16 December 2000 
Table II-4. Comparison of YMP BDCFs with LaPlante and Poor BDCFs 
Radionuclide YMP BDCF1,2 LaPlante and Poor1,3 
YMP BDCF: LaPlante 
and Poor 
227Ac 2.99E-09 2.7E-06 1.1E-03 
241Am 5.38E-10 7.0E-07 7.7E-04 
243Am 5.75E-10 7.0E-07 8.2E-04 
137Cs 1.81E-09 1.2E-07 1.5E-02 
231Pa 1.59E-09 2.1E-06 7.6E-04 
238Pu 3.62E-10 4 4 
239Pu 4.02E-10 1.0E-08 4.0E-02 
240Pu 4.01E-10 1.0E-08 4.0E-02 
90Sr 7.79E-09 7.3E-08 1.1E-01 
229Th 9.44E-10 7.3E-07 1.3E-03 
232U 8.07E-10 1.8E-08 4.5E-02 
233U 1.77E-10 5.8E-09 3.1E-02 
1 All values in units of rem/y per pCi/m2 
2 CRWMS M&O 2000a 
3 LaPlante and Poor 1997 
4 BDCF Value for this radionuclide not included in LaPlante and Poor (1997). 
Table II-4 shows that the YMP BDCFs are about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude less than the 
LaPlante and Poor values. By review of the inputs used for both analyses, it was noted that the 
crop resuspension factor distribution used in the LaPlante and Poor analysis (mean value of 
1E-5 m-1, minimum of 1.66E-6 m-1 and maximum of 6.03E-5 m-1) was similar to that used in the 
TSPA-VA analysis (mean value of 1E-5, a minimum of 5.89E-7 and a maximum of 
1.70E-4 m-1), about five orders of magnitude greater than was used in the YMP BDCF 
calculation. Using the results of the adjusted BDCF case 2 from Table II-3 for comparison, the 
differences between the two sets of calculations are presented in Table II-5. 
The ratios presented in Table II-5 indicate that the YMP BDCFs for all radionuclides except the 
plutonium isotopes are within a factor of about eight of those produced by LaPlante and Poor 
(1997) if the difference in the crop resuspension factor is considered. The fact that the adjusted 
YMP BDCF values for both plutonium isotopes are higher than the LaPlante and Poor (1997) 
values by about a factor of 40 is attributable to the selection of a different dose conversion 
factors set than that used to calculate the YMP BDCFs. The analysis presented in CRWMS 
M&O (2000a) used more conservative values of DCFs for the plutonium isotopes than were used 
for the LaPlante and Poor BDCFs. Agreement of the adjusted BDCF values within a factor of 
three for six of the radionuclides and within an order of magnitude for three more radionuclides 
supports the conclusion that validation Criterion 2.1 was met.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-17 December 2000 
Table II-5. Comparison of Adjusted YMP BDCFs with LaPlante and Poor BDCFs 
Radionuclide Adjusted YMP BDCF1,2 LaPlante and Poor1,3 
Ratio: Adjusted YMP 
BDCF /LaPlante and 
Poor 
227Ac 1.48E-06 2.7E-06 0.55 
241Am 3.80E-07 7.0E-07 0.54 
243Am 3.79E-07 7.0E-07 0.54 
137Cs 1.47E-08 1.2E-07 0.12 
231Pa 1.12E-06 2.1E-06 0.53 
238Pu 3.35E-07 4 4 
239Pu 3.73E-07 1.0E-08 37 
240Pu 3.72E-07 1.0E-08 37 
90Sr 2.50E-08 7.3E-08 0.34 
229Th 3.86E-07 7.3E-07 0.53 
232U 1.46E-07 1.8E-08 8.1 
233U 3.21E-08 5.8E-09 5.5 
1 All values in units of rem/y per pCi/m2 
2 DTN MO0012MEDDEB11.001, Case with resuspension factor represented as a lognormal distribution with 
minimum value of 5.89E-7, maximum of 1.70E-4 and mean of 1E-5 m-1 
3 LaPlante and Poor 1997 
4 BDCF Value for this radionuclide not included in LaPlante and Poor (1997). 
The three models presented in this section (CRWMS M&O 1998c, CRWMS M&O 2000a, and 
LaPlante and Poor 1997), produce different outcomes (BDCFs) because of the differences in the 
input parameter values. Of particular importance are parameters with large influence on the 
disruptive volcanic event BDCFs, such as the mass loading, crop resuspension factor, and 
inadvertent soil ingestion rate. 
The values of mass loading and crop resuspension factor used in CRWMS M&O (2000a) are 
relatively low because they represented human exposure conditions following a volcanic 
eruption event of the magnitude predicted in the TSPA-VA effort. The eruption event assumed 
most probable in TSPA-VA was expected to result in a very thin ash deposition, 0.008 cm on the 
average, at the location 20 km south from the potential repository (Burck 1999). Given this thin 
ash deposit, the values of mass loading and the crop resuspension factor were assumed to be the 
same as those used for the nominal performance scenario. Selection of input parameter values 
corresponding to a thin ash deposit resulted in relatively low values for the YMP BDCFs 
(CRWMS M&O 2000a). 
In contrast, the value of crop resuspension factor used in LaPlante and Poor (1997, Table B-1) is 
very high (1E-5 1/m), especially since this value is being applied to the nominal performance 
scenario. (The crop resuspension factor is used to calculate contaminant deposition on plant 
surfaces.) Considering the value of soil density of 225 kg/m2 and the surface soil depth of 15 cm 
used in LaPlante and Poor (1997, Table B-1), the value of mass loading can be derived by 
multiplying the crop resuspension factor by the soil density. The result is equal to 2250 g/m3. 
The actual mass loading value used in that report is 50 g/m3. Therefore the parameters of mass 
loading and the crop resuspension factor are in conflict with each other. The mass loading value 
obtained from the crop resuspension factor can be compared with the EPA National Ambient

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-18 December 2000 
Quality Standard for annual average concentration of PM10, whose value is 50 g/m3 
(40 CFR 50.7). (PM10 is a concentration of suspended particulates in air whose diameter is less 
than 10 m.) The standard considers a 24-hour average of 600 g/m3 the significant harm level, 
the level at which serious and widespread health effects occur to the general population (EPA 
1994, p. 13). PM10 contributes about 1/3 to the total value of mass loading (CRWMS M&O 
2000h, Section 5.1.4). Therefore, the pathway BDCF from activity deposition on the plant 
surfaces is overestimated and that the lower crop resuspension values are more appropriate for 
the exposure scenario under consideration. The value of crop resuspension factor used by 
LaPlante and Poor to calculate revised dose conversion factors (LaPlante and Poor 1997, Table 
B-1) was almost five orders of magnitude lower (4.4 E-10 1/m). 
BDCFs calculated in this report are based on the volcanic eruption scenario developed in the 
TSPA-SR (CRWMS M&O 2000c). Many input parameters have been revised since the previous 
iterations (CRWMS M&O 1998c, CRWMS M&O 2000a). Specifically, the mass loading and 
the crop resuspension factor values were modified to correspond to the human exposure 
conditions that could be expected following a volcanic eruption event, as modeled in the TSPASR. 
This evolution of the volcanic eruption exposure scenario and justification of the important 
parameters selection is presented in Section II.3, which discusses the model validation update. 
II.2.4.3 Independent Review of the Biosphere Model 
The independent reviewer selected was Mr. Bruce Napier of Pacific Northwest National 
Laboratory, principal architect of the GENII computer code. Mr. Napier is a nationally known 
expert in environmental dose assessment. In addition to developing GENII and collaborating in 
the creation of GENII-S, he has directed or participated in several other major environmental 
dose modeling efforts. He is currently in the process of completing the next generation of 
stochastic environmental exposure, dose, and risk computer codes for radionuclides for the 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). His experience and qualifications include: 
 Technical Integrator and Chief Scientist for the Hanford Environmental Dose 
Reconstruction project. 
 Principal investigator on the U. S./Russia Joint Coordinating Committee on Radiation 
Effects Research Projects on reconstruction of dose to the public around the Russian 
Mayak (Chelyabinsk-65) nuclear materials production site in Siberia. 
 U. S. Chair of the U. S./Belarus and U. S./Ukraine Bi-National Advisory Committees on 
Chernobyl Studies for the U. S. National Cancer Institute. 
 Consultant to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and a participant in the 
IAEAs Cooperative Research Program on Biosphere Modeling and Assessment 
(BIOMASS). 
 Member of EPA Science Advisory Board.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-19 December 2000 
 Member of National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) 
Scientific Committee 64 on Radionuclides in the Environment, Task Group 7 on 
Contaminated Soil as a Source of Radioactive Exposure. 
The review was conducted by Mr. Napier in February-March of 2000 (Napier 2000) using the 
most recent final and draft documents that describe the characteristics of the YMP biosphere and 
the associated receptor of interest. Those references and his findings with regard to the adequacy 
of the model are documented in a letter report (Napier 2000). Based on the information provided 
to him, he stated that, with minor exceptions: 
 The critical group consists of a farming community with members consuming 
locally-produced food as a substantial part of their diet. This combination is 
reasonable, appropriate for the surroundings, and justifiable. The pathways considered 
in the biosphere model and the manner in which they are applied is consistent with 
current environmental conditions in the Amargosa Valley and with the FEP of interest. 
Criterion 3.1 was judged to be met. 
 The logic and analysis methods used to select values for the GENII-S input parameters 
for the resident farmer scenario are sound. Criterion 3.2 was judged to be met. 
 The references and data sources cited by the YMP analysts are current and credible. 
The parameters selected are well-described and traceable. Criterion 3.3 was judged to 
be met. 
 The approach to selecting values and ranges for the input parameters is sound. The 
documentation is complete and relatively easily followed. The values and ranges of the 
GENII-S input parameters used to develop BDCF are reasonable for the environmental 
conditions implicit in the biosphere conceptual model. Criterion 3.4 was judged to 
be met. 
Mr. Napier concluded that the conceptual model of the biosphere, as laid out in the 
documents reviewed, is reasonable and in keeping with both the draft regulatory requirements 
and the actual physical setting. The biosphere conceptual model is clear, appropriate, and well 
documented. The mean or central values of the BDCF estimated are reasonable and 
appropriate. In addition to the above conclusion, Mr. Napier offered a number of suggestions 
and insights regarding stochastic environmental dose modeling and specific biosphere model 
parameters (Napier 2000). 
The results of the independent review indicate that the model is appropriate and adequate for the 
intended use. 
II.3 BIOSPHERE MODEL VALIDATION UPDATE 
As shown in previous sections, the biosphere model was validated. However with the revision of 
the related AMRs, the validation needs to be revisited to ensure that the validation is still valid. 
AP-3.10Q, Analyses and Models, does not provide any direction as to when a validated model is 
no longer valid. To ensure that the validation is still sufficient, the revised YMP BDCFs were

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-20 December 2000 
compared with the results of other modeling efforts to ensure that the criterion 2.1 is still being 
satisfied. 
II.3.1 Software Qualification 
The GENII-S code was qualified and has not been changed, so the original qualification is still 
valid. The original criteria 1.1 and 1.2 are still being met. 
II.3.2 Comparison of the Revised YMP BDCFs with Other Modeling Efforts 
Tables II-6 through II-8 present the BDCF values for disruptive event, from Table 11 (transition 
phase, 1-cm ash thickness, and annual average mass loading) and Table 15 (steady-state phase) 
of this document, which are identified in the table heading as Revised YMP BDCF. The BDCF 
sets selected for this comparison represent two opposite ends of the BDCF value range, with the 
transition phase, 1-cm ash, and annual average mass loading BDCFs being the highest; and the 
steady state phase BDCFs being the lowest of the five sets developed. These two BDCF sets for 
volcanic eruption are compared with the results of the three previously developed BDCF sets 
identified in Section II.2.4.2, i.e., the TSPA-VA set (CRWMS M&O 1998c), LaPlante and Poor 
set (La Plante and Poor 1997), and the YMP BDCF set (CRWMS M&O 2000a), in Tables II-6 
through II-8, respectively. 
Table II-6. Comparison of Revised YMP BDCFs with TSPA-VA BDCFs 
Radionuclide 
Revised YMP 
BDCF1,3 
Revised YMP 
BDCF1,4 TSPA-VA1 
Revised YMP3 
BDCF:TSPA-VA 
Revised YMP4 
BDCF:TSPA-VA 
227Ac 2.03E-08 2.27E-06 8.49E-07 2.39E-02 2.67E+00 
241Am 1.75E-09 1.54E-07 2.14E-07 8.20E-03 7.20E-01 
243Am 1.09E-09 1.54E-07 2.14E-07 5.1E-03 7.20E-01 
137Cs 5.81E-09 1.86E-09 2 2 2 
231Pa 5.18E-09 4.50E-07 7.42E-07 6.98E-03 6.06E-01 
238Pu 1.38E-09 1.36E-07 1.89E-07 7.30E-03 7.20E-01 
239Pu 1.53E-09 1.51E-07 2.10E-07 7.29E-03 7.19E-01 
240Pu 1.53E-09 1.51E-07 2.10E-07 7.29E-03 7.19E-01 
90Sr 8.70E-09 9.01E-09 2 2 2 
229Th 6.84E-09 7.20E-07 2.17E-07 3.15E-02 3.32E-00 
232U 2.56E-09 2.27E-07 2 2 2 
233U 5.33E-10 4.58E-08 1.78E-08 2.99E-02 2.57E-00 
1 All values in units of rem/y per pCi/m2 
2 BDCF Value for this radionuclide not included in TSPA-VA document (CRWMS M&O 1998c). 
3 Table 15 of this document for the steady-state phase 
4 Table 11 of this document for the transition phase, 1-cm ash and annual average mass loading

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-21 December 2000 
Table II-7. Comparison of Revised YMP BDCFs with LaPlante and Poor 
Radionuclide 
Revised YMP 
BDCF1,3 
Revised YMP 
BDCF1,4 
LaPlante and 
Poor1 
Revised YMP3 
BDCF:LaPlante 
and Poor 
Revised YMP4 
BDCF:LaPlante 
and Poor 
227Ac 2.03E-08 2.27E-06 2.7E-06 7.5E-03 8.4E-01 
241Am 1.75E-09 1.54E-07 7.0E-07 2.5E-03 2.2E-01 
243Am 1.09E-09 1.54E-07 7.0E-07 1.6E-03 2.2E-01 
137Cs 5.81E-09 1.86E-09 1.2E-07 4.8E-02 1.6E-02 
231Pa 5.18E-09 4.50E-07 2.1E-06 2.5E-03 2.1E-01 
238Pu 1.38E-09 1.36E-07 2 2 2 
239Pu 1.53E-09 1.51E-07 1.0E-08 1.5E-01 1.5E+01 
240Pu 1.53E-09 1.51E-07 1.0E-08 1.5E-01 1.5E+01 
90Sr 8.70E-09 9.01E-09 7.3E-08 1.2E-01 1.2E-01 
229Th 6.84E-09 7.20E-07 7.3E-07 9.4E-03 9.9E-01 
232U 2.56E-09 2.27E-07 1.8E-08 1.4E-01 1.3E+01 
233U 5.33E-10 4.58E-08 5.8E-09 9.2E-02 7.9E+00 
1 All values in units of rem/y per pCi/m2 
2 BDCF Value for this radionuclide not included in LaPlante and Poor (1997). 
3 Table 15 of this document for the steady-state phase 
4 Table 11 of this document for the transition phase, 1-cm ash and annual average mass loading 
Table II-8. Comparison of Revised YMP BDCFs with YMP BDCFs 
Radionuclide 
Revised YMP 
BDCF1,3 
Revised YMP 
BDCF1,4 YMP BDCF1 
Revised YMP3 
BDCF:YMP 
BDCF 
Revised YMP4 
BDCF:YMP 
BDCF 
227Ac 2.03E-08 2.27E-06 2.99E-09 6.79E+00 7.59E+02 
241Am 1.75E-09 1.54E-07 5.38E-10 3.25E+00 2.86E+02 
243Am 1.09E-09 1.54E-07 5.75E-10 1.90E+00 2.68E+02 
137Cs 5.81E-09 1.86E-09 1.81E-09 3.21E+00 1.03E+00 
231Pa 5.18E-09 4.50E-07 1.59E-09 3.26E+00 2.83E+02 
238Pu 1.38E-09 1.36E-07 3.62E-10 3.81E+00 3.76E+02 
239Pu 1.53E-09 1.51E-07 4.02E-10 3.81E+00 3.76E+02 
240Pu 1.53E-09 1.51E-07 4.01E-10 3.82E+00 3.77E+02 
90Sr 8.70E-09 9.01E-09 7.79E-09 1.12E+00 1.16E+00 
229Th 6.84E-09 7.20E-07 9.44E-10 7.25E+00 7.63E+02 
232U 2.56E-09 2.27E-07 8.07E-10 3.17E+00 2.81E+02 
233U 5.33E-10 4.58E-08 1.77E-10 3.01E+00 2.59E+02 
1 All values in units of rem/y per pCi/m2 
2 CRWMS M&O 2000a 
3 Table 15 of this document for the steady-state phase 
4 Table 11 of this document for the transition phase, 1-cm ash and annual average mass loading

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-22 December 2000 
The ratios in Table II-6 above show that the Revised YMP BDCF values for the steady state 
phase are about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than the TSPA-VA values (CRWMS M&O 
1998c). These ratio values compare favorably with the BDCFs for the transition phase, 1-cm ash 
thickness, and annual average mass loading (these ratios are within a factor of three except for 
the 229Th, which is slightly over a factor of three). An explanation for these differences can be 
found in the different input parameter values used in the two analyses. Specifically, a very high 
value for crop resuspension factor and a relatively low value for mass loading were used in the 
TSPA-VA. In contrast, a high mass loading value and a relatively low crop resuspension factor 
were used to calculate the Revised YMP BDCFs for the transition phase. The agreement between 
the TSPA-VA BDCFs and the Revised YMP BDCF values is the result of the compensation 
between the effects these two important parameters have on the overall modeling outcome. 
An analogous conclusion can be drawn from the comparison of the Revised YMP BDCF set and 
the LaPlante and Poor BDCF set (Table II-7 of this document). The latter also uses a high value 
for the crop resuspension factor and a relatively low value of mass loading, because it applies to 
the conditions of normal dustiness, as opposed to the conditions of elevated dustiness considered 
in this report. The specific values of these two parameters used by LaPlante and Poor are 
discussed in Section II.2.4.2 of this document. 
One of the distributions of annual average mass loading used in this report to calculate BDCFs 
for the transition phase has a maximum value of 3000 g/m3 (CRWMS M&O 2000h). There is 
evidence of high levels of airborne concentrations, associated with short-term human activities, 
such as walking or driving, which were measured for the natural analogues of the modeled event. 
However, even following an event that resulted in a large contaminated ash deposition, the 
annual average values are expected to be significantly lower because people could not spend the 
majority of their outdoor time at such high particulate concentrations in air without developing 
serious health effects (see the discussion of EPA National Ambient Quality Standard in Section 
II.2.4.2 of this document). Therefore, the assumption that the annual average value of mass 
loading could be as high as 3000 g/m3 is extremely conservative. With time ash deposits will 
stabilize and less ash will be available for resuspension. In addition, agricultural activities will 
result in mixing of the ash deposit into the upper soil layer and the surface processes will tend to 
remove contaminated ash. This is reflected in the distributions of mass loading selected for this 
analysis (CRWMS M&O 2000h). 
The comparison of the YMP BDCF set and the Revised YMP BDCF set (Table II-8) 
demonstrates the effect of the exposure scenario evolution on the values of the BDCFs. The 
exposure scenario on which the YMP BDCFs are based, used the assumption that the amount of 
contaminated ash deposited on the ground was insignificant, and, therefore, the overall 
concentration of airborne particulates were comparable to the nominal performance scenario. In 
the iterative scenario development process, this assumption was found to be no longer valid. 
Subsequently, a new set of model input parameters (including revised mass loading and crop 
resuspension factor values) has been developed. This set was used to develop the Revised YMP 
BDCFs. Therefore, the majority of the YMP BDCFs is over two orders of magnitude less than 
the corresponding Revised YMP BDCFs. 
For the current model, the BDCF sets developed in this report, are reasonable and conservative. 
It needs to be noted that there is uncertainty associated with the biosphere modeling results. The

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-23 December 2000 
efforts presented in this report are an attempt to bound this uncertainty by selecting more 
conservative parameter values that are appropriate for the current scenario. A more 
representative analysis could ultimately include the temporal evolution of the ash deposit and 
more precise definition of human activities, which could result in changes of mass loading 
distribution. 
Conclusion: Comparison of the Revised YMP BDCF values for a disruptive event from this 
analysis with the previously developed BDCF values (CRWMS M&O 1998c, LaPlante and Poor 
1997, and CRWMS M&O 2000a) supports the finding that validation Criterion 2.1 is met. The 
high values of the Revised YMP BDCFs for the transition phase reflect conservative nature of 
mass loading used in this analysis. Meeting this validation criterion demonstrates the continued 
appropriateness and adequacy of the model for its intended use. 
II.3.4 Independent Reviewer 
The independent reviewer, Bruce Napier, concluded that all criteria, 3-1 through 3-4, had been 
met in the original model validation. For the validation update the independent reviewer was not 
contacted since primarily only the input parameters had changed and the comparison of the 
revised BDCF with the both the TSPA-VA (CRWMS M&O 1998c) and LaPlante and Poor 
(1997) are good as shown in Table II-6. The other items included in the independent review 
have had minimum changes. In addition, the data being used for generating the BDCFs is 
qualified data.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 II-24 December 2000 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 III-1 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT III 
INGESTION EXPOSURE PARAMETERS

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 III-2 December 2000

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 III-3 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT III 
INGESTION EXPOSURE PARAMETERS 
The data set (RIB item) Ingestion Exposure Parameter Values (MO0002RIB00068.000) contains 
values for thirteen ingestion exposure pathway parameters including: irrigation water source, 
drinking water treatment, crop interception fraction, water contaminated fraction, irrigation water 
contamination fraction, irrigation time, irrigation rate, aquatic food consideration, food yield, 
grow time, holdup time, storage time, dietary fraction. These parameters which were developed 
for the current climate conditions for the Yucca Mountain (Amargosa Valley) are necessary to 
calculate radionuclide-specific BDCFs. 
Several inconsistencies were found in the AMR Identification of Ingestion Exposure Parameters 
REV 00 (CRWMS M&O 2000i) which was used to develop RIB item MO0002RIB00068.000. 
They are as follows: 
1. The food groupings were incorrect (CRWMS M&O 2000i, Table 2). Crops such as 
tomatoes, cucumbers and corn were categorized as leafy vegetables, which is 
inconsistent with the 1997 Biosphere Food Consumption Survey (DOE 1997) and 
other references, such as Till and Meyer (1983, p. 5-50). 
2. Corn for grain was treated similarly to sweet corn, which has a shorter growing time 
(CRWMS M&O 2000i, Table 1). 
3. Two harvests each year for corn were considered, with planting dates conflicting with 
growing dates (CRWMS M&O 2000i, Table 1). 
4. Some crop yields were developed using different crop types than those used to develop 
other parameters. For example, irrigation rate for fresh feed was based on alfalfa, 
while crop yield for fresh feed was based on alfalfa and other hays. 
5. Only one-harvest yield was considered for some vegetables, which can be harvested 
twice (CRWMS M&O 2000i, Table 1 and Table 6). 
To conduct BDCF analysis, the current data set had to be corrected for the above inconsistencies. 
III.1 SELECTION OF INPUT DATA SET 
To correct the inconsistencies listed above new values for growing time, irrigation time, 
irrigation rate and crop yield were developed based on the data listed in CRWMS M&O (2000i, 
Table 2). These data, as shown in Table III-1 below, include growing time, irrigation rate, 
annual crop evapotranspiration, precipitation and annual irrigation rate for the crop of interest. 
Crops, such as tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, snap beans, and peas, previously categorized as 
leafy vegetables, were not used in this analysis. Corn data were also corrected by using one 
harvest per year. Growing time of 140 days for grain corn was selected for warm desert climate 
as suggested by Doorenbos and Pruitt (1977, p.42). The four growing stage periods (number of 
days needed for crop development) for corn were 25/40/45/30. Planting time was kept at the 
same date as that for spring corn used in the AMR. Irrigation rate was then calculated using the

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 III-4 December 2000 
methods provided in Tables 3 through 5 of the AMR (CRWMS M&O 2000i). The new data for 
grain corn are also listed in Table III-1. 
The value of the crop yield for a specific crop was used in the calculation only if the same crop 
was also considered for growing time, irrigation time and irrigation rate. Most of the crop yields 
were adopted from the previous work (CRWMS M&O 2000i, Table 6), but their values were 
doubled for two-harvest crops (spinach, lettuce, and carrots) to become annual crop yields. 
Other crop yields were taken from the same report (CRWMS M&O 2000i, Section 6.7). Since 
fresh feed was determined to be the only feed for beef cattle and milk cows (CRWMS M&O 
2000i, Section 6.11), alfalfa was selected as a representative crop, and other hay was not 
included. All crop yields are shown in Table III-1. 
Table III-1. Summary of Selected Ingestion Exposure Parameters 
Crop Crop Type 
Growing 
Time 
(d) 
Irrigation 
Time 
(mo/yr) 
Annual 
ET 
(in/yr) 
Precipi-ta 
tion 
(in/yr) 
Annual 
Irrigation 
(in/yr) 
Annual 
Crop Yield 1 
(kg/m2) 
Spinach Leafy vegetable 45 3.0 22.9 0.8 28 4.4 
Lettuce Leafy vegetable 68 4.5 38.5 1.2 43 4.8 
Carrots Root vegetable 70 4.6 46.7 1.1 52 7.8-9.8 
Potatoes Root vegetable 98 3.2 42.1 0.7 47 4.1 
Melons Fruit 88 2.9 39.8 0.4 45 1.9 
Grapes Fruit 184 6.0 N/A N/A 30 1.6-2.3 
Wheat Grain 244 8.0 53.3 3.4 56 0.3-0.7 
Corn 
Stored feed for 
poultry and eggs 
140 4.6 70.1 0.8 75 0.6-0.8 
Alfalfa 
Fresh feed for 
beef and milk 
46-135 12 92.7 4.0 95 1.0-1.2 
Source: CRWMS M&O 2000i 
Note: 1 The values for spinach, lettuce, and carrots yields were doubled because of the double harvest. 
III.2 DEVELOPMENT OF INGESTION EXPOSURE PARAMETERS 
Based on data listed in Table III-1, the four ingestion exposure parameters for eight crop 
categories were developed as listed in Table III-2. Due to limited data available, if there were 
two values available for one parameter within the same crop type, a uniform distribution was 
assumed between the minimum and maximum values. Otherwise, a fixed value was used for the 
parameter. The only exception was growing time for forage. The same distribution and values 
were used as the ones developed previously (CRWMS M&O 2000i, Section 6.8).

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 III-5 December 2000 
Table III-2. Summary of Developed Ingestion Parameter Values for Amargosa Valley 
Parameter Distribution 
Reasonable 
Estimate 
Minimum 
Value 
Maximum 
Value 
Growing Time (d): 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 57 45 68 
Root vegetables Uniform 84 70 98 
Fruit Uniform 136 88 184 
Grain Fixed 244 244 244 
Fresh feed for beef Triangular 47 46 135 
Stored feed for poultry Fixed 140 140 140 
Fresh feed for milk Triangular 47 46 135 
Stored feed for eggs Fixed 140 140 140 
Irrigation Time (mo/yr): 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 3.8 3.0 4.5 
Root vegetables Uniform 3.9 3.2 4.6 
Fruit Uniform 4.5 2.9 6.0 
Grain Fixed 8.0 8.0 8.0 
Fresh feed for beef Fixed 12 12 12 
Stored feed for poultry Fixed 4.6 4.6 4.6 
Fresh feed for milk Fixed 12 12 12 
Stored feed for eggs Fixed 4.6 4.6 4.6 
Irrigation Rate (in/yr) 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 36 28 43 
Root vegetables Uniform 50 47 52 
Fruit Uniform 38 30 45 
Grain Fixed 56 56 56 
Fresh feed for beef Fixed 95 95 95 
Stored feed for poultry Fixed 75 75 75 
Fresh feed for milk Fixed 95 95 95 
Stored feed for eggs Fixed 75 75 75 
Crop Yield (kg/m2) 
Leafy vegetables Uniform 4.6 4.4 4.8 
Root vegetables Uniform 7.0 4.1 9.8 
Fruit Uniform 2.0 1.6 2.3 
Grain Uniform 0.5 0.3 0.7 
Fresh feed for beef Uniform 1.1 1.0 1.2 
Stored feed for poultry Uniform 0.7 0.6 0.8 
Fresh feed for milk Uniform 1.1 1.0 1.2 
Stored feed for eggs Uniform 0.7 0.6 0.8 
Source: Table III-1

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 III-6 December 2000 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-1 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT IV 
FILES GENERATED IN MODEL RUNS

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-2 December 2000

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-3 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT IV 
FILES GENERATED IN MODEL RUNS 
Input and output for the biosphere model used in this analysis is included in 
DTN: MO0010MWDPBD03.007. The following file name notation was used: 
File name: ABCDEFGH.* 
A V  volcanic scenario 
B J  thick ash (15 cm), 10-year average mass loading for volcanic scenario 
K  thick ash, annual mass loading for volcanic scenario 
M  thin ash (1-cm layer), 10-yr-average mass loading for volcanic scenario 
N  thin ash (1 cm), annual average mass loading for volcanic scenario 
C C  Average Member of the Critical Group 
D T  transition period for volcanic case 
S  stable condition for volcanic case 
EFGH notation for radionuclide 
e.g., CX14 for C-14 
I129 for I-129 
PU21 for Pu-241 
* file extension (.inp and .flg are extensions for input files, while .out, .vec and .pti are 
extensions for output files) 
IV.1 GENII-S FILES FOR THE TRANSITION PHASE, 1-CM ASH THICKNESS, AND 
ANNUAL AVERAGE MASS LOADING 
VNCTAC27 FLG 712 09-27-00 1:50p 
VNCTAC27 INP 14,966 09-27-00 1:55p 
VNCTAC27 OUT 16,345 09-27-00 1:55p 
VNCTAC27 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 1:55p 
VNCTAC27 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 1:55p 
VNCTAM21 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:18p 
VNCTAM21 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:19p 
VNCTAM21 OUT 16,457 09-27-00 2:19p 
VNCTAM21 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:19p 
VNCTAM21 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:19p 
VNCTAM23 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:20p 
VNCTAM23 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:20p 
VNCTAM23 OUT 16,272 09-27-00 2:20p 
VNCTAM23 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:20p 
VNCTAM23 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:20p 
VNCTCS17 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:38p 
VNCTCS17 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:38p 
VNCTCS17 OUT 14,804 09-27-00 2:00p

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-4 December 2000 
VNCTCS17 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:00p 
VNCTCS17 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:00p 
VNCTPA21 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:09p 
VNCTPA21 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:09p 
VNCTPA21 OUT 16,530 09-27-00 2:09p 
VNCTPA21 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:09p 
VNCTPA21 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:09p 
VNCTPB20 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:40p 
VNCTPB20 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:40p 
VNCTPB20 OUT 16,496 09-27-00 2:02p 
VNCTPB20 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:02p 
VNCTPB20 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:02p 
VNCTPU20 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:16p 
VNCTPU20 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:16p 
VNCTPU20 OUT 16,311 09-27-00 2:17p 
VNCTPU20 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:17p 
VNCTPU20 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:17p 
VNCTPU22 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:17p 
VNCTPU22 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:17p 
VNCTPU22 OUT 16,345 09-27-00 2:18p 
VNCTPU22 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:18p 
VNCTPU22 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:18p 
VNCTPU28 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:14p 
VNCTPU28 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:14p 
VNCTPU28 OUT 16,311 09-27-00 2:15p 
VNCTPU28 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:15p 
VNCTPU28 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:15p 
VNCTPU29 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:15p 
VNCTPU29 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:15p 
VNCTPU29 OUT 14,974 09-27-00 2:16p 
VNCTPU29 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:16p 
VNCTPU29 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:16p 
VNCTRA26 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:04p 
VNCTRA26 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:04p 
VNCTRA26 OUT 16,701 09-27-00 2:05p 
VNCTRA26 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:05p 
VNCTRA26 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:05p 
VNCTSR90 FLG 711 09-27-00 2:30p 
VNCTSR90 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:30p 
VNCTSR90 OUT 16,199 09-27-00 1:58p 
VNCTSR90 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 1:58p 
VNCTSR90 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 1:58p 
VNCTTH20 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:07p 
VNCTTH20 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:08p 
VNCTTH20 OUT 16,774 09-27-00 2:08p 
VNCTTH20 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:08p 
VNCTTH20 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:08p 
VNCTTH29 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:05p 
VNCTTH29 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:06p 
VNCTTH29 OUT 16,272 09-27-00 2:06p 
VNCTTH29 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:06p 
VNCTTH29 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:06p 
VNCTU232 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:10p 
VNCTU232 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:10p 
VNCTU232 OUT 16,749 09-27-00 2:11p 
VNCTU232 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:11p 
VNCTU232 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:11p

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-5 December 2000 
VNCTU233 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:11p 
VNCTU233 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:11p 
VNCTU233 OUT 16,457 09-27-00 2:12p 
VNCTU233 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:12p 
VNCTU233 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:12p 
VNCTU234 FLG 712 09-27-00 2:12p 
VNCTU234 INP 14,966 09-27-00 2:12p 
VNCTU234 OUT 14,974 09-27-00 2:13p 
VNCTU234 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 2:13p 
VNCTU234 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 2:13p 
IV.2 GENII-S FILES FOR THE TRANSITION PHASE, 1-CM ASH THICKNESS, AND 
10-YEAR AVERAGE MASS LOADING 
VMCTAC27 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:07a 
VMCTAC27 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:08a 
VMCTAC27 OUT 16,345 10-10-00 10:09a 
VMCTAC27 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:09a 
VMCTAC27 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:09a 
VMCTAM21 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:10a 
VMCTAM21 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:10a 
VMCTAM21 OUT 16,457 10-10-00 10:11a 
VMCTAM21 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:11a 
VMCTAM21 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:11a 
VMCTAM23 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:11a 
VMCTAM23 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:12a 
VMCTAM23 OUT 16,272 10-10-00 10:12a 
VMCTAM23 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:12a 
VMCTAM23 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:12a 
VMCTCS17 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:12a 
VMCTCS17 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:13a 
VMCTCS17 OUT 14,804 10-10-00 10:13a 
VMCTCS17 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:13a 
VMCTCS17 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:13a 
VMCTPA21 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:14a 
VMCTPA21 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:15a 
VMCTPA21 OUT 16,530 10-10-00 10:15a 
VMCTPA21 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:15a 
VMCTPA21 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:15a 
VMCTPB20 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:34a 
VMCTPB20 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:34a 
VMCTPB20 OUT 16,496 10-10-00 10:35a 
VMCTPB20 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:35a 
VMCTPB20 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:35a 
VMCTPU20 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:36a 
VMCTPU20 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:37a 
VMCTPU20 OUT 16,311 10-10-00 10:37a 
VMCTPU20 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:37a 
VMCTPU20 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:37a 
VMCTPU22 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:38a 
VMCTPU22 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:38a 
VMCTPU22 OUT 16,345 10-10-00 10:39a 
VMCTPU22 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:39a 
VMCTPU22 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:39a 
VMCTPU28 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:40a 
VMCTPU28 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:40a

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-6 December 2000 
VMCTPU28 OUT 16,311 10-10-00 10:40a 
VMCTPU28 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:40a 
VMCTPU28 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:40a 
VMCTPU29 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:41a 
VMCTPU29 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:41a 
VMCTPU29 OUT 14,974 10-10-00 10:42a 
VMCTPU29 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:42a 
VMCTPU29 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:42a 
VMCTRA26 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:43a 
VMCTRA26 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:43a 
VMCTRA26 OUT 16,701 10-10-00 10:43a 
VMCTRA26 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:43a 
VMCTRA26 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:43a 
VMCTSR90 FLG 711 10-10-00 10:44a 
VMCTSR90 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:44a 
VMCTSR90 OUT 16,199 10-10-00 10:45a 
VMCTSR90 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:45a 
VMCTSR90 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:45a 
VMCTTH20 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:45a 
VMCTTH20 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:46a 
VMCTTH20 OUT 16,774 10-10-00 10:46a 
VMCTTH20 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:46a 
VMCTTH20 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:46a 
VMCTTH29 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:47a 
VMCTTH29 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:47a 
VMCTTH29 OUT 16,272 10-10-00 10:48a 
VMCTTH29 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:48a 
VMCTTH29 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:48a 
VMCTU232 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:48a 
VMCTU232 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:49a 
VMCTU232 OUT 16,749 10-10-00 10:49a 
VMCTU232 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:49a 
VMCTU232 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:49a 
VMCTU233 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:50a 
VMCTU233 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:50a 
VMCTU233 OUT 16,457 10-10-00 10:50a 
VMCTU233 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:50a 
VMCTU233 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:50a 
VMCTU234 FLG 712 10-10-00 10:51a 
VMCTU234 INP 14,967 10-10-00 10:51a 
VMCTU234 OUT 14,974 10-10-00 10:52a 
VMCTU234 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 10:52a 
VMCTU234 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 10:52a 
IV.3 GENII-S FILES FOR THE TRANSITION PHASE, 15-CM ASH THICKNESS, 
AND ANNUAL AVERAGE MASS LOADING 
VKCTAC27 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:42p 
VKCTAC27 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:42p 
VKCTAC27 OUT 16,345 09-27-00 5:12p 
VKCTAC27 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:12p 
VKCTAC27 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:12p 
VKCTAM21 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:30p 
VKCTAM21 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:30p 
VKCTAM21 OUT 16,457 09-27-00 5:30p 
VKCTAM21 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:30p

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-7 December 2000 
VKCTAM21 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:30p 
VKCTAM23 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:31p 
VKCTAM23 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:31p 
VKCTAM23 OUT 16,272 09-27-00 5:31p 
VKCTAM23 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:31p 
VKCTAM23 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:31p 
VKCTCS17 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:16p 
VKCTCS17 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:16p 
VKCTCS17 OUT 14,804 09-27-00 5:16p 
VKCTCS17 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:16p 
VKCTCS17 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:16p 
VKCTPA21 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:21p 
VKCTPA21 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:21p 
VKCTPA21 OUT 16,530 09-27-00 5:22p 
VKCTPA21 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:22p 
VKCTPA21 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:22p 
VKCTPB20 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:17p 
VKCTPB20 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:17p 
VKCTPB20 OUT 16,496 09-27-00 5:17p 
VKCTPB20 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:17p 
VKCTPB20 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:17p 
VKCTPU20 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTPU20 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTPU20 OUT 16,311 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTPU20 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTPU20 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTPU22 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:29p 
VKCTPU22 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:29p 
VKCTPU22 OUT 16,345 09-27-00 5:29p 
VKCTPU22 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:29p 
VKCTPU22 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:29p 
VKCTPU28 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:26p 
VKCTPU28 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:26p 
VKCTPU28 OUT 16,311 09-27-00 5:27p 
VKCTPU28 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:27p 
VKCTPU28 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:27p 
VKCTPU29 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:27p 
VKCTPU29 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:27p 
VKCTPU29 OUT 14,974 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTPU29 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTPU29 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:28p 
VKCTRA26 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:18p 
VKCTRA26 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:18p 
VKCTRA26 OUT 16,701 09-27-00 5:18p 
VKCTRA26 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:18p 
VKCTRA26 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:18p 
VKCTSR90 FLG 711 09-27-00 5:15p 
VKCTSR90 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:15p 
VKCTSR90 OUT 16,199 09-27-00 5:15p 
VKCTSR90 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:15p 
VKCTSR90 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:15p 
VKCTTH20 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:20p 
VKCTTH20 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:20p 
VKCTTH20 OUT 16,774 09-27-00 5:21p 
VKCTTH20 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:21p 
VKCTTH20 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:21p 
VKCTTH29 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:19p

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-8 December 2000 
VKCTTH29 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:19p 
VKCTTH29 OUT 16,272 09-27-00 5:19p 
VKCTTH29 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:19p 
VKCTTH29 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:19p 
VKCTU232 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:22p 
VKCTU232 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:22p 
VKCTU232 OUT 16,749 09-27-00 5:23p 
VKCTU232 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:23p 
VKCTU232 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:23p 
VKCTU233 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:23p 
VKCTU233 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:23p 
VKCTU233 OUT 16,457 09-27-00 5:24p 
VKCTU233 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:24p 
VKCTU233 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:24p 
VKCTU234 FLG 712 09-27-00 5:24p 
VKCTU234 INP 14,966 09-27-00 5:24p 
VKCTU234 OUT 14,974 09-27-00 5:24p 
VKCTU234 PTI 8,242 09-27-00 5:24p 
VKCTU234 VEC 54,252 09-27-00 5:24p 
IV.4 GENII-S FILES FOR THE TRANSITION PHASE, 15-CM ASH THICKNESS, 
AND 10-YEAR AVERAGE MASS LOADING 
VJCTAC27 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:10a 
VJCTAC27 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:10a 
VJCTAC27 OUT 16,345 10-10-00 9:11a 
VJCTAC27 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:11a 
VJCTAC27 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:11a 
VJCTAM21 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:14a 
VJCTAM21 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:14a 
VJCTAM21 OUT 16,457 10-10-00 9:15a 
VJCTAM21 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:15a 
VJCTAM21 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:15a 
VJCTAM23 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:16a 
VJCTAM23 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:17a 
VJCTAM23 OUT 16,272 10-10-00 9:17a 
VJCTAM23 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:17a 
VJCTAM23 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:17a 
VJCTCS17 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:18a 
VJCTCS17 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:19a 
VJCTCS17 OUT 14,804 10-10-00 9:19a 
VJCTCS17 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:19a 
VJCTCS17 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:19a 
VJCTPA21 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:20a 
VJCTPA21 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:21a 
VJCTPA21 OUT 16,530 10-10-00 9:21a 
VJCTPA21 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:21a 
VJCTPA21 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:21a 
VJCTPB20 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:22a 
VJCTPB20 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:23a 
VJCTPB20 OUT 16,496 10-10-00 9:23a 
VJCTPB20 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:23a 
VJCTPB20 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:23a 
VJCTPU20 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:32a 
VJCTPU20 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:33a 
VJCTPU20 OUT 16,311 10-10-00 9:33a

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-9 December 2000 
VJCTPU20 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:33a 
VJCTPU20 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:33a 
VJCTPU22 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:34a 
VJCTPU22 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:34a 
VJCTPU22 OUT 16,345 10-10-00 9:34a 
VJCTPU22 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:34a 
VJCTPU22 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:34a 
VJCTPU28 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:35a 
VJCTPU28 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:36a 
VJCTPU28 OUT 16,311 10-10-00 9:36a 
VJCTPU28 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:36a 
VJCTPU28 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:36a 
VJCTPU29 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:37a 
VJCTPU29 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:37a 
VJCTPU29 OUT 14,974 10-10-00 9:37a 
VJCTPU29 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:37a 
VJCTPU29 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:37a 
VJCTRA26 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:38a 
VJCTRA26 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:39a 
VJCTRA26 OUT 16,701 10-10-00 9:39a 
VJCTRA26 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:39a 
VJCTRA26 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:39a 
VJCTSR90 FLG 711 10-10-00 9:59a 
VJCTSR90 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:59a 
VJCTSR90 OUT 16,199 10-10-00 9:41a 
VJCTSR90 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:41a 
VJCTSR90 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:41a 
VJCTTH20 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:42a 
VJCTTH20 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:43a 
VJCTTH20 OUT 16,774 10-10-00 9:43a 
VJCTTH20 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:43a 
VJCTTH20 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:43a 
VJCTTH29 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:44a 
VJCTTH29 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:44a 
VJCTTH29 OUT 16,272 10-10-00 9:45a 
VJCTTH29 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:45a 
VJCTTH29 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:45a 
VJCTU232 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:45a 
VJCTU232 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:46a 
VJCTU232 OUT 16,749 10-10-00 9:46a 
VJCTU232 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:46a 
VJCTU232 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:46a 
VJCTU233 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:47a 
VJCTU233 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:47a 
VJCTU233 OUT 16,457 10-10-00 9:48a 
VJCTU233 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:48a 
VJCTU233 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:48a 
VJCTU234 FLG 712 10-10-00 9:48a 
VJCTU234 INP 14,967 10-10-00 9:49a 
VJCTU234 OUT 14,974 10-10-00 9:49a 
VJCTU234 PTI 8,242 10-10-00 9:49a 
VJCTU234 VEC 54,252 10-10-00 9:49a 
IV.5 GENII-S FILES FOR THE STEADY-STATE PHASE 
VKCSAC27 FLG 712 09-28-00 12:55p

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-10 December 2000 
VKCSAC27 INP 14,968 09-28-00 12:59p 
VKCSAC27 OUT 16,345 09-28-00 12:59p 
VKCSAC27 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 12:59p 
VKCSAC27 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 12:59p 
VKCSAM21 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:21p 
VKCSAM21 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:21p 
VKCSAM21 OUT 16,457 09-28-00 1:21p 
VKCSAM21 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:21p 
VKCSAM21 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:21p 
VKCSAM23 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:22p 
VKCSAM23 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:22p 
VKCSAM23 OUT 16,272 09-28-00 1:22p 
VKCSAM23 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:22p 
VKCSAM23 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:22p 
VKCSCS17 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:05p 
VKCSCS17 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:05p 
VKCSCS17 OUT 14,804 09-28-00 1:06p 
VKCSCS17 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:06p 
VKCSCS17 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:06p 
VKCSPA21 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:10p 
VKCSPA21 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:11p 
VKCSPA21 OUT 16,530 09-28-00 1:11p 
VKCSPA21 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:11p 
VKCSPA21 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:11p 
VKCSPB20 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:06p 
VKCSPB20 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:06p 
VKCSPB20 OUT 16,496 09-28-00 1:07p 
VKCSPB20 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:07p 
VKCSPB20 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:07p 
VKCSPU20 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:18p 
VKCSPU20 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:19p 
VKCSPU20 OUT 16,311 09-28-00 1:19p 
VKCSPU20 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:19p 
VKCSPU20 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:19p 
VKCSPU22 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:19p 
VKCSPU22 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:20p 
VKCSPU22 OUT 16,345 09-28-00 1:20p 
VKCSPU22 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:20p 
VKCSPU22 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:20p 
VKCSPU28 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:16p 
VKCSPU28 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:16p 
VKCSPU28 OUT 16,311 09-28-00 1:17p 
VKCSPU28 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:17p 
VKCSPU28 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:17p 
VKCSPU29 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:18p 
VKCSPU29 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:18p 
VKCSPU29 OUT 14,974 09-28-00 1:18p 
VKCSPU29 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:18p 
VKCSPU29 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:18p 
VKCSRA26 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:07p 
VKCSRA26 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:07p 
VKCSRA26 OUT 16,701 09-28-00 1:08p 
VKCSRA26 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:08p 
VKCSRA26 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:08p 
VKCSSR90 FLG 711 09-28-00 1:04p 
VKCSSR90 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:04p 
VKCSSR90 OUT 16,199 09-28-00 1:05p

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-11 December 2000 
VKCSSR90 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:05p 
VKCSSR90 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:05p 
VKCSTH20 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:09p 
VKCSTH20 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:10p 
VKCSTH20 OUT 16,774 09-28-00 1:10p 
VKCSTH20 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:10p 
VKCSTH20 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:10p 
VKCSTH29 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:08p 
VKCSTH29 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:09p 
VKCSTH29 OUT 16,272 09-28-00 1:09p 
VKCSTH29 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:09p 
VKCSTH29 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:09p 
VKCSU232 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:12p 
VKCSU232 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:13p 
VKCSU232 OUT 16,749 09-28-00 1:13p 
VKCSU232 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:13p 
VKCSU232 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:13p 
VKCSU233 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:13p 
VKCSU233 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:14p 
VKCSU233 OUT 16,457 09-28-00 1:14p 
VKCSU233 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:14p 
VKCSU233 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:14p 
VKCSU234 FLG 712 09-28-00 1:15p 
VKCSU234 INP 14,968 09-28-00 1:15p 
VKCSU234 OUT 14,974 09-28-00 1:15p 
VKCSU234 PTI 8,242 09-28-00 1:15p 
VKCSU234 VEC 54,252 09-28-00 1:15p

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 IV-12 December 2000 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 V-1 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT V 
DETERMINATION OF PATHWAY CONTRIBUTION

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 V-2 December 2000

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 V-3 December 2000 
ATTACHMENT V 
DETERMINATION OF PATHWAY CONTRIBUTION 
A software routine, built into a Microsoft Excel version 97 SR-2 spreadsheet, was used to 
automate the determination of contribution to the BDCF by each pathway. 
Software routine: Pathway Contribution REV 0 
Set-up and Operation of Software Routine: 
An example of the application is provided to assist the user in understanding the organization 
and function of the routine used to determine the contribution to the BDCF by each pathway. 
A representation of the spreadsheet for Plutonium-239, transition phase, 1-cm ash thickness, and 
annual average mass loading follows. The spreadsheet has been divided into three areas (i.e., A, 
B and C) for ease of explanation. 
All data imported from the GENII-S output files is obtained by blocking and copying the desired 
data and then pasting it into the appropriate section of the spreadsheet. Inserting the data into the 
spreadsheet is accomplished by using the Paste command and the Text to columns submenu 
item under Data from the tool bar to arrange the data into individual cells. 
Area A is a table imported directly from the GENII-S output file which shows the 
contributions to the annual committed effective dose equivalent from internal exposure by 
inhalation and ingestion and the external exposure. GENII-S calculates internal doses by 
multiplying the committed dose equivalent to each organ times the weighting factor for that 
organ, then summing the weighted organ dose equivalents. The sum of the internal dose 
(committed effective dose equivalent) from annual intake and the external dose (effective dose 
equivalent) from annual exposure yields the annual total effective dose equivalent. 
The upper portion of area B is a table imported directly from the GENII-S output file. 
This table contains the committed dose equivalent to each organ from each individual pathway. 
The totals at the bottom of the organ columns are the same as the values shown in the committed 
dose equivalent column from the table shown in area A. In order to determine the contribution 
by pathway to the annual total effective dose equivalent it is necessary to calculate the weighted 
dose equivalent to each organ from each pathway. This is done by multiplying the values in the 
upper table by each organs weighting factor. The results are contained in the table in the lower 
portion of area B. The total contribution for each pathway is obtained by summing the 
weighted organ committed dose equivalents. The results are found in the lower right corner of 
area B under the column titled Total. 
In area C the total percentage contributions to the BDCF are presented. The percentage 
contributions from each pathway were calculated by dividing the pathway contribution by the 
annual total effective dose equivalent and multiplying the result by 100.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 V-4 December 2000 
Confirmation of Correct Operation: 
The individual calculations have been spot checked with hand calculations to ensure that correct 
results are being produced. Also, as a spot check for each use of the routine, the total from the 
lower right hand corner of area B is compared to the Internal Effective Dose Equivalent 
value from the bottom of area A. These values should be almost the same.

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 V-5 December 2000 
VNCT BDCF: Pu-239 B Committed Dose Equivalent by Exposure Pathway 
A Committed Weighted Pathway Lung Stomach S Int. UL Int. LL Int. Bone Su R Marro Testes Ovaries Muscle Thyroid Liver 
Dose Weighting Dose ---------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 
Organ Equiv. Factors Equiv. Check Inhale 2.10E-08 1.80E-12 2.90E-12 1.20E-11 3.40E-11 2.60E-06 2.10E-07 3.70E-08 3.60E-08 1.10E-12 1.10E-12 4.60E-07 
------------ 
-- 
---------- --------- ---------- ---------- 
Leaf Veg 9.20E-15 1.40E-12 3.60E-12 2.00E-11 6.30E-11 2.10E-08 1.60E-09 2.90E-10 2.90E-10 9.20E-15 8.90E-15 3.70E-09 
Gonads 3.80E-08 2.50E-01 9.50E-09 Gonads 9.62E-09 Oth. Veg 9.80E-16 1.50E-13 3.80E-13 2.10E-12 6.70E-12 2.30E-09 1.80E-10 3.10E-11 3.10E-11 9.80E-16 9.40E-16 4.00E-10 
Breast 1.20E-12 1.50E-01 1.80E-13 Breast 1.72E-13 Fruit 1.40E-15 2.10E-13 5.20E-13 3.00E-12 9.20E-12 3.10E-09 2.40E-10 4.30E-11 4.30E-11 1.40E-15 1.30E-15 5.50E-10 
R marrow 2.10E-07 1.20E-01 2.60E-08 R 2.62E-08 Cereals 1.60E-16 2.40E-14 6.00E-14 3.40E-13 1.10E-12 3.60E-10 2.80E-11 5.00E-12 5.00E-12 1.60E-16 1.50E-16 6.30E-11 
Lung 2.10E-08 1.20E-01 2.50E-09 Lung 2.52E-09 Meat 2.30E-18 3.60E-16 9.00E-16 5.10E-15 1.60E-14 5.40E-12 4.20E-13 7.50E-14 7.40E-14 2.30E-18 2.20E-18 9.40E-13 
Thyroid 1.20E-12 3.00E-02 3.50E-14 Thyroid 3.43E-14 Poultry 1.20E-19 1.90E-17 4.80E-17 2.70E-16 8.40E-16 2.90E-13 2.20E-14 4.00E-15 3.90E-15 1.20E-19 1.20E-19 5.00E-14 
Bone Sur 2.80E-06 3.00E-02 8.30E-08 Bone 8.12E-08 Cow Milk 2.60E-19 4.00E-17 9.90E-17 5.60E-16 1.70E-15 5.90E-13 4.60E-14 8.20E-15 8.20E-15 2.60E-19 2.50E-19 1.00E-13 
Liver 4.80E-07 6.00E-02 2.90E-08 Liver 2.87E-08 Eggs 2.10E-18 3.20E-16 8.00E-16 4.50E-15 1.40E-14 4.80E-12 3.70E-13 6.60E-14 6.60E-14 2.10E-18 2.00E-18 8.40E-13 
LL Int. 3.50E-10 6.00E-02 2.10E-11 LL 2.12E-11 Soil Ing 3.50E-14 5.30E-12 1.30E-11 7.50E-11 2.40E-10 8.00E-08 6.20E-09 1.10E-09 1.10E-09 3.50E-14 3.30E-14 1.40E-08 
UL Int. 1.10E-10 6.00E-02 6.80E-12 UL 6.75E-12 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 
S Int. 2.10E-11 6.00E-02 1.20E-12 S 1.23E-12 Total 2.10E-08 9.00E-12 2.10E-11 1.10E-10 3.50E-10 2.80E-06 2.10E-07 3.80E-08 3.80E-08 1.20E-12 1.20E-12 4.80E-07 
Stomach 9.00E-12 6.00E-02 5.40E-13 Stom. 5.33E-13 
---------- 
Internal Effective Dose 
Equivalent 
1.50E-07 1.48E-07 
External Dose 1.70E-13 
Weightin 
g Factor 
1.20E-01 6.00E-02 6.00E-02 6.00E-02 6.00E-02 3.00E-02 1.20E-01 2.50E-01 1.50E-01 3.00E-02 6.00E-02 
----------- 
Annual Effective Dose Equiv. 1.50E-07 CEDE 
Total 
Inhale 2.52E-09 1.08E-13 1.74E-13 7.20E-13 2.04E-12 7.80E-08 2.52E-08 9.25E-09 0.00E+00 1.65E-13 3.30E-14 2.76E-08 1.43E-07 
Leaf Veg 1.10E-15 8.40E-14 2.16E-13 1.20E-12 3.78E-12 6.30E-10 1.92E-10 7.25E-11 0.00E+00 1.38E-15 2.67E-16 2.22E-10 1.12E-09 
Oth. Veg 1.18E-16 9.00E-15 2.28E-14 1.26E-13 4.02E-13 6.90E-11 2.16E-11 7.75E-12 0.00E+00 1.47E-16 2.82E-17 2.40E-11 1.23E-10 
Fruit 1.68E-16 1.26E-14 3.12E-14 1.80E-13 5.52E-13 9.30E-11 2.88E-11 1.08E-11 0.00E+00 2.10E-16 3.90E-17 3.30E-11 1.66E-10 
Cereals 1.92E-17 1.44E-15 3.60E-15 2.04E-14 6.60E-14 1.08E-11 3.36E-12 1.25E-12 0.00E+00 2.40E-17 4.50E-18 3.78E-12 1.93E-11 
Meat 2.76E-19 2.16E-17 5.40E-17 3.06E-16 9.60E-16 1.62E-13 5.04E-14 1.88E-14 0.00E+00 3.45E-19 6.60E-20 5.64E-14 2.89E-13 
Poultry 1.44E-20 1.14E-18 2.88E-18 1.62E-17 5.04E-17 8.70E-15 2.64E-15 1.00E-15 0.00E+00 1.80E-20 3.60E-21 3.00E-15 1.54E-14 
pathway rem/yr mrem/yr % Cow Milk 3.12E-20 2.40E-18 5.94E-18 3.36E-17 1.02E-16 1.77E-14 5.52E-15 2.05E-15 0.00E+00 3.90E-20 7.50E-21 6.00E-15 3.14E-14 
Inhale 1.43E-07 1.43E-04 96.1% Eggs 2.52E-19 1.92E-17 4.80E-17 2.70E-16 8.40E-16 1.44E-13 4.44E-14 1.65E-14 0.00E+00 3.15E-19 6.00E-20 5.04E-14 2.56E-13 
Leaf Veg 1.12E-09 1.12E-06 C 0.8% Soil Ing. 4.20E-15 3.18E-13 7.80E-13 4.50E-12 1.44E-11 2.40E-09 7.44E-10 2.75E-10 0.00E+00 5.25E-15 9.90E-16 8.40E-10 4.28E-09 
Oth. Veg 1.23E-10 1.23E-07 0.1% ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- 
Fruit 1.66E-10 1.66E-07 0.1% Total 2.52E-09 5.40E-13 1.26E-12 6.60E-12 2.10E-11 8.40E-08 2.52E-08 9.50E-09 0.00E+00 1.80E-13 3.60E-14 2.88E-08 1.50E-07 
Cereals 1.93E-11 1.93E-08 0.0% 
Meat 2.89E-13 2.89E-10 0.0% 
Poultry 1.54E-14 1.54E-11 0.0% 
Cow Milk 3.14E-14 3.14E-11 0.0% 
Eggs 2.56E-13 2.56E-10 0.0% 
Soil Ing 4.28E-09 4.28E-06 2.9% 
Ext. dose 1.70E-13 1.70E-10 0.0% 
Total 1.48E-07 1.48E-04 100%

ANL-MGR-MD-000003 REV 01 V-6 December 2000 
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK