METADATA FOR ARCEXPLORER HAZPAC THEMES

========================================================================

Publication Reference:

Bemis, Brynn L., Goss, Heather V., Yurkovich, Eric S., Perron, J. Taylor, and 
Howell, David G., 2002, HAZPAC: An interactive map of Pacific Rim natural 
hazards, population, and infrastructure:  U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data 
Series DDS-76 (CD-ROM).

========================================================================

Metadata are arranged alphabetically by theme name:

COUNTRIES					SEISMIC HAZARD (Image)
COUNTRY BOUNDARIES			SHADED RELIEF (Image)
EARTHQUAKES					SUBSEA TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES
ENERGY RESOURCES				TOPOGRAPHY & BATHYMETRY (Image)
LIGHTS AT NIGHT (Image)			TROPICAL STORM ZONES
MAJOR AIR ROUTES				TSUNAMI RUNUPS
MAJOR AIRPORTS				UTILITIES
MAJOR CITIES				VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
MAJOR RIVERS				VOLCANOES - ACTIVE
POPULATION DENSITY (Image)		WATER
RAILROADS

========================================================================
COUNTRIES

Originator:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (for the Department of Defense)

Date:
1998

Title:
LandScan Global Population 1998 Database

Abstract:
	The following is quoted directly from the LandScan CD-ROM:
	"The LandScan Global Population Project is a worldwide population database 
at 30-second X 30-second resolution for estimating ambient populations at risk. 
... Verification and validation (V&V) studies have been conducted routinely for 
all regions and more extensively for portions of the Middle East and the 
Southwestern United States."
	"Considerable effort is required to reconcile the positional accuracy of 
diverse global databases, and mismatches among databases are most conspicuous on 
coastlines.  Globally, LandScan coastlines are based on NIMA's [National Imagery 
and Mapping Agency] World Vector Shoreline (WVS) at 1:250,000 scale.  Typically, 
this coastline differs somewhat from the related line representing the seaward 
boundary of administrative units, and both of these differ from the land/water 
boundary indicated on the GLCC [Global Land Cover Characteristics, by the U.S. 
Geological Survey] gridded database. ... The WVS takes precedence, and no 
population is apportioned to cells extending more than one-half cell beyond the 
WVS coastline."

Supplemental Information:
	For incorporation into HAZPAC, this vector data was rasterized into a 
gridded surface with 30-second by 30-second resolution.  The rasterized coastal 
boundaries were clipped based on the ArcView "POPULATION DENSITY" grid, and then 
the countries were returned to their original vector format.  This allows the 
country boundaries to closely match the "POPULATION DENSITY" image extent.

Access Constraints:
Public Domain

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection.  The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Address:
	Eddie A. Blight
	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
	Building 4500-N, MS 6237
	P.O. Box 2008
	Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, U.S.A.

Online:
http://www.ornl.gov/gist/projects/LandScan/landscan_doc.htm

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	CONTINENT -- Name of continent that contains country
	NATION -- Name of country
	NATION_NUM -- Unique identifier for each country
	REGION -- Name of country's geographic region

========================================================================
COUNTRY BOUNDARIES

Originator:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (for the Department of Defense)

Date:
1998

Title:
LandScan Global Population 1998 Database

Abstract:
	The following is quoted directly from the LandScan CD-ROM:
	"The LandScan Global Population Project is a worldwide population database 
at 30-second X 30-second resolution for estimating ambient populations at risk. 
... Verification and validation (V&V) studies have been conducted routinely for 
all regions and more extensively for portions of the Middle East and the 
Southwestern United States."
	"Considerable effort is required to reconcile the positional accuracy of 
diverse global databases, and mismatches among databases are most conspicuous on 
coastlines.  Globally, LandScan coastlines are based on NIMA's [National Imagery 
and Mapping Agency] World Vector Shoreline (WVS) at 1:250,000 scale.  Typically, 
this coastline differs somewhat from the related line representing the seaward 
boundary of administrative units, and both of these differ from the land/water 
boundary indicated on the GLCC [Global Land Cover Characteristics, by the U.S. 
Geological Survey] gridded database. ... The WVS takes precedence, and no 
population is apportioned to cells extending more than one-half cell beyond the 
WVS coastline."

Supplemental Information:
	For incorporation into HAZPAC, this vector data was rasterized into a 
gridded surface with 30-second by 30-second resolution.  The rasterized coastal 
boundaries were clipped based on the ArcView "POPULATION DENSITY" grid, and then 
the countries were returned to their original vector format.  This allows the 
country boundaries to closely match the "POPULATION DENSITY" image extent.

Access Constraints:
Public Domain

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection.  The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Address:
	Eddie A. Blight
	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
	Building 4500-N, MS 6237
	P.O. Box 2008
	Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, U.S.A.

Online:
http://www.ornl.gov/gist/projects/LandScan/landscan_doc.htm

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	CONTINENT -- Name of continent that contains country
	NATION -- Name of country
	NATION_NUM -- Unique identifier for each country
	REGION -- Name of country's geographic region

========================================================================
EARTHQUAKES

Originator:
National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)

Date:
2001

Title:
a) Significant Earthquake Database
b) Seismicity of the Earth Database

Abstract:
	a) The Significant Earthquake Database is a global digital database 
containing information on more than 5,000 destructive earthquake events that 
date from 2150 B.C. to 2001 A.D.  The events in the file must have met at least 
one of the following criteria: moderate damage (approximately $1 million or 
more), 10 or more deaths, Richter magnitude 7.5 or greater, or Modified Mercalli 
intensity X or greater (for events lacking Richter magnitude).
	b) The Seismicity of the Earth Database recorded earthquake events of only 
Richter magnitude 6.0 or greater.  The events occurring prior to 1900 A.D. were 
assigned an epicenter based on the locations where damage occurred.

Supplemental Information:
	The earthquake database used in this publication was customized at the 
NGDC.  Both the Significant Earthquake Database and the Seismicity of the Earth 
Database were combined into one final earthquake dataset.  Redundant earthquakes 
were excluded.  The database now contains earthquake events that date from 780 
B.C. to Fall 2001 A.D.
	Richter magnitude is based on surface waves (Ms) or the equivalent derived 
from intensities for pre-instrumental events.  The magnitude is a logarithmic 
measure of seismic energy: an increase of 1.0 in magnitude represents a tenfold 
increase in the recorded wave amplitude; however, the energy release associated 
with an increase of 1.0 in magnitude is about thirty fold.

Access Constraints:
Public Domain

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection.  The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Address:
	National Geophysical Data Center
	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
	E/GC 325 Broadway
	Boulder, CO, 80303-3328, U.S.A.

Online:
a) Significant Earthquakes Database:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/sig_srch.shtml
b) Seismicity of the Earth Database:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/SeismicityoftheEarth.shtml

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	DAY -- Day of event
	DEPTH_KM -- Earthquake depth, in kilometers
	LATITUDE -- Latitude of earthquake epicenter, in decimal degrees [minus 
sign ('-') indicates south latitude]
	LONGITUDE -- Longitude of earthquake epicenter, in decimal degrees [minus 
sign ('-') indicates west longitude]
	MAGNITUDE -- Richter magnitude of earthquake
	MONTH -- Month of event
	TIME -- Time of event (hours:minutes:seconds)
	YEAR -- Year of event

========================================================================
ENERGY RESOURCES

Originators:
Paper map prepared cooperatively by the Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and 
Mineral Resources and the U.S. Geological Survey.  Circum-Pacific Map Project 
Panel Chairmen: Kenneth J. Drummond (Northeast Quadrant); Jos Corvaln D. 
(Southeast Quadrant); Ian W.D. Dalziel (Antarctic Region); R.W. Johnson 
(Southwest Quadrant); George W. Moore (Arctic Region); and Tomoyuki Moritani 
(Northwest Quadrant).  Map compilation coordinated by George Gryc, Circum-
Pacific Map Project General Chairman.  Cartography coordinated by Frances Mills 
and Douglas Aitken.

Date:
2000

Title:
Energy-Resources Map of the Circum-Pacific Region, Pacific Basin Sheet

Publication Reference:
Drummond, Kenneth J.; Salas, Guillermo P.; Yrigoyen, Marcelo R.; Sumii, Tomoaki; 
Natori, Hiro'o; Kato, Masakazu; Palfreyman, W. David; Fujii, Keizo; Inoue, Eiji; 
Sogabe, Masatoshi; Wood, Gordon H.; Richards, Paul W.; Bour, William V., III; 
Swint-Iki, Theresa R.; Matsubayashi, Osamu; Wakita, Koji; Corvaln D., Jos; and 
Doutch, H. Frederick, 2000, Energy-Resources Map of the Circum-Pacific Region, 
Pacific Basin Sheet: U.S. Geological Survey Circum-Pacific Map Series Map CP-50, 
scale 1:17,000,000, 109 p. [prepared by the Circum-Pacific Council for Energy 
and Mineral Resources].

Abstract:
	The following is quoted directly from the pamphlet that accompanies the 
original paper map:
	"The Energy-Resources Map of the Circum-Pacific Region, [Pacific] Basin 
Sheet is a compilation at a scale of 1:17,000,000 of a series of four 
overlapping 1:10,000,000-scale map sheets.  The maps in the 1:10,000,000 series 
include the Northeast Quadrant, Southeast Quadrant, Northwest Quadrant, and the 
Southwest Quadrant, and an Arctic Sheet."
	Each 1:10,000,000-scale map sheet was composed by a special international 
working group (from the Circum-Pacific Council), who also prepared explanations 
for each separate map project, and then a joint group created the final copy of 
the Circum-Pacific Energy-Resources Map.

Supplemental Information:
	This database originated from the (unpublished) digital files used in the 
production of the original paper map of the Energy-Resources Map of the Circum-
Pacific Region, Pacific Basin Sheet; however, several changes were made in order 
to make the data suitable for HAZPAC.  As a result, data was manipulated during 
this process; thus, manual editing may have resulted in minor errors.
	The energy-resources data in HAZPAC result from merging five separate 
energy-resources polygon coverages into one coverage.  A new field called "type" 
was created, and the original "ptype" values were copied into this new field.  
Original categories included oil, natural gas, oil sand, oil shale, and six 
subcategories of coal.  Then, all values of the various coal subcategories were 
replaced with one 'coal' value, which allows easier display of the data while 
preserving the original data in the database.  A sixth energy-resources 
category, geothermal (a point coverage), was excluded.

Access Constraints:
Public Domain

Use Constraints:
Data is considered public information and may be distributed or copied.  Use of 
appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested.  U.S. Geological Survey 
provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability or 
completeness of furnished data.

Contact Address:
	Circum-Pacific Map Project
	George Gryc, General Chairman
	Frances Mills, Cartographer
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A.

Paper map available from:
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Information Services
	Box 25286, Federal Center
	Denver, CO, 80225, U.S.A.
	telephone: (888) ASK-USGS or (888) 275-8747

Preparation of digital map for HAZPAC:
	Brynn Bemis
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A.

Online:
http://www.circum-pacificcouncil.org/

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	COUNT -- Number of features of the same non-renewable energy type
	TYPE -- Non-renewable energy type

========================================================================
LIGHTS AT NIGHT (Image)

Originator:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (for the Department of Defense)

Date:
1998

Title:
LandScan Global Population 1998 Database

Abstract:
	The following is quoted directly from the LandScan CD-ROM:
	"The LandScan Global Population Project is a worldwide population database 
at 30-second X 30-second resolution for estimating ambient populations at risk. 
... Verification and validation (V&V) studies have been conducted routinely for 
all regions and more extensively for portions of the Middle East and the 
Southwestern United States."
	"LandScan employs the Nighttime Lights of the World light frequency data 
processed and provided by NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC).  
Frequency data cover the Northern Hemisphere and South America, but most areas 
south of the equator are limited to a binary value indicating lights present 
versus no lights present."

Supplemental Information:
	For inclusion as an image for the ArcExplorer version of HAZPAC, the 
LandScan data have been resampled to 2.5-minute by 2.5-minute resolution, and 
then converted to JPEG format.  The file "COLORMAP.JPG" (located in 
"HAZPAC_ARCEX\DATA\IMAGE") contains a legend for this image.  

Access Constraints:
Public Domain

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection.  The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Address:
	Eddie A. Blight
	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
	Building 4500-N, MS 6237
	P.O. Box 2008
	Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, U.S.A.

Online:
http://www.ornl.gov/gist/projects/LandScan/landscan_doc.htm

Explanation of Colors:
	Red and orange areas are the most densely lit, and blue areas are less 
densely lit.  Pale-blue and yellow areas represent intermediate-brightness 
values (note the blue areas off the west coast of Japan, which are from the 
lights of squid-fishing operations).  Black indicates that no reflected light 
was detected.

========================================================================
MAJOR AIR ROUTES

Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey

Date:
1999

Title:
World Map of Volcanoes and Principal Aeronautical Features

Publication Reference:
Casadevall, Thomas J., Thompson, Theodore B., and Fox, Tom, 1999, World Map of 
Volcanoes and Principal Aeronautical Features: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic 
Investigations Series Map I-2700, scale 1:34,268,000 at equator (Mercator 
projection), 12 p.

Abstract:
	This dataset contains great circle routes that connect selected city-pairs 
around the Pacific Basin.  A great circle route is the shortest distance between 
two points on the Earth's surface.  Actual air routes can vary significantly 
from these great circle routes, which are for reference purposes only and should 
not be used for navigational purposes.

Supplemental Information:
	Actual air routes also are too detailed and numerous to be shown on this 
map; therefore, this dataset shows only principal air routes.  All great circle 
routes for city-pairs in this dataset were created digitally from the original 
paper map, except for the following three city-pairs, which were added to 
incorporate Latin American countries: Mexico City - Los Angeles; Mexico City - 
Caracas; and Mexico City - Santiago.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
Data is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of 
appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested.  U.S. Geological Survey 
provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or 
completeness of furnished data.

Contact Addresses:
	Thomas J. Casadevall
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Reston, VA, 20192, U.S.A.

	Theodore B. Thompson
	Jeppesen Sanderson, Inc.
	Englewood, CO, 80112-5498, U.S.A.

	Tom Fox
	International Civil Aviation Organization
	Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 5H7

Paper map available from:
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Information Services
	Box 25286, Federal Center
	Denver, CO, 80225, U.S.A.
	telephone: (888) ASK-USGS or (888) 275-8747

Preparation of the digital map for HAZPAC:
	Brynn Bemis
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A.

Attribute Information:
	AIR_ROUTE -- Names of two cities connected by a great circle route

========================================================================
MAJOR AIRPORTS

Originators:
a) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); derived from National Imagery and Mapping 
Agency (NIMA) data
b) Airports Council International (ACI)

Date:
a) USGS: in press [anticipated publication date, Fall 2002]; derived from 1997 
NIMA data
b) ACI: 26 March 2001 (Preliminary results)

Title:
a) Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth
b) ACI 2001 Annual Worldwide Airport Traffic Report

Publication Reference, Global GIS Database:
Hare, Trent, Hearn, Paul, Jr., and Schruben, Paul, in press [anticipated 
publication date, Fall 2002], Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth: 
U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-62-H (DVD-ROM).

Abstract:
	The Global GIS Database was derived from National Imagery and Mapping 
Agency's (NIMA) Vector Map Level 0 (VMAP0) database (Digital Chart of the World, 
3d ed.).  The following is quoted directly from USGS's Global GIS Database 
website (and published CD-ROMs):
	"The Vector Map (VMap) Level 0 database represents the third edition of 
the Digital Chart of the World.  VMap Level 0 is a comprehensive 1:1,000,000 
scale vector basemap of the world.  It consists of cartographic, attribute, and 
textual data ... .  The primary source for the database is the National Imagery 
and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series.  This is 
the largest scale unclassified map series in existence that provides consistent, 
continuous global coverage of essential basemap features."
	The Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series was assembled at a scale of 
1:1,000,000 from medium- and low-altitude aerial photographs, and the themes 
were digitized from the photographs.  Additional sources enhance the accuracy of 
the dataset.

Supplemental Information:
	The Global GIS Database world airport dataset contains data on 7016 
airports in the Circum-Pacific region.  The ACI data, which were attached to the 
Global GIS Database dataset by International Air Transport Association (IATA) 
codes, provide additional data on passenger and cargo load for 670 of the 7016 
airports.  This database contains only 236 of the top 590 major airports in 
terms of cargo load.
	Although the "Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth" DVD-ROM 
publication (DDS-62-H) is at present [Summer 2002] still "in press," the USGS 
has published CD-ROMs in the "Global GIS Database" series for three areas in the 
Circum-Pacific region (all are available from U.S. Geological Survey; see below 
for address): DDS-62-A, Digital Atlas of Central and South America (Hearn and 
others, 2000); DDS-62-C, Digital Atlas of South Asia (Hearn and others, 2001); 
and DDS-62-D, Digital Atlas of South Pacific (Hearn and others, 2001).

Access Constraints:
a) USGS: None
b) ACI: None

Use Constraints:
a) USGS: The following is quoted directly from USGS's Global GIS Database 
website (and published CD-ROMs): "Cite National Imagery and Mapping Agency"
b) ACI: None

Contact Addresses:
a) NIMA:
	National Imagery and Mapping Agency
	Attn: COS, MA-A30
	8613 Lee Highway
	Fairfax, VA, 22031-2137, U.S.A.

b) ACI:
	Airports Council International
	P.O. Box 16
	1215 Geneva 15 -- Airport
	Switzerland
	telephone: (41 22) 798 41 41
	fax: (41 22) 788 09 09
	email: aci@uniplus.ch

CD-ROMs and DVD-ROM available from:
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Information Services
	Box 25286, Federal Center
	Denver, CO, 80225, U.S.A.
	telephone: (888) ASK-USGS or (888) 275-8747

Online:
a) NIMA:
http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgis/
http://164.214.2.59/publications/vmap0.html
http://www.nima.mil/publications/specs/printed/DCW/dcw.html
b) ACI:
http://www.airports.org/

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	AEPTNAME -- Name of airport
	CARG_CHG -- Percent change in net cargo load, compared to previous year
	CARG_NET -- Weight of cargo load (loaded freight, unloaded freight, and 
mail), in metric tons
	CARGRANK -- Rank of airport, in terms of cargo load ('1' indicating the 
busiest)
	IATACODE -- International airport code, unique to airport

========================================================================
MAJOR CITIES

Originator:
United Nations Statistical Division

Date:
1997

Title:
The Demographic Yearbook 1995

Abstract:
	The world cities dataset contains both country capitals and cities that 
have a population greater than 100,000.  Each city was georeferenced using 
coordinate information located in the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) 
database of foreign features.  Note: The population census years differ between 
different locations.

Supplemental Information:
	Some cities do not have population data; others only have data for urban-
agglomeration rather than city-proper population.  Populations originally 
labeled '...' (no data) by the U.N. Statistical Division were changed in this 
publication to '-9999' for both urban-agglomeration and city-proper information.  
[The value '-9999' is a standard value used in GIS database management that 
keeps the data field numeric, which allows data to be mathematically analyzed 
and queried.]  A binary data field was added for "CAPITAL": cities that are 
capitals were assigned a '1' value, and non-capitals a '0' value.  Cities 
without population data have been removed.  Two Chinese cities without proper 
latitude and longitude coordinates were deleted.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
Three year usage starting December 2000, Permission Number 2000/088.  Any third 
party who utilizes the data must acknowledge the United Nations as the data 
source in any disseminated use of the city data.

Contact Address:
	Director
	Statistics Division
	United Nations
	New York, NY, 10017, U.S.A.
	fax: (212) 963 4116
	email: statistics@un.org

Online:
http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/demog/index.html

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	AREA_POP -- Population of city proper and contiguous built-up areas, 
characterizing an urban agglomeration
	CAPITAL -- Binary category describing city as either a capital city ('1') 
or not a capital city ('0')
	CITY_NAME -- Name of city
	CITY_POP -- Population of city proper, based on administrative boundaries
	DATE -- Day, month (as Roman numerals), and year of data collection
	LATITUDE -- Latitude of city, in decimal degrees [minus sign ('-') 
indicates south latitude]
	LONGITUDE -- Longitude of city, in decimal degrees [minus sign ('-') 
indicates west longitude]

=======================================================================
MAJOR RIVERS

Originator:
Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI)

Date:
1999

Title:
ArcWorld Data and Maps CD-ROM

Abstract:
	The following is quoted directly from the ArcWorld Data and Maps CD-ROM:
	"The Rivers GeoDataset was generalized from ESRI's ArcWorld 1:3,000,000 
and 1:25,000,000 databases.  Names were added from the Rand McNally New 
International Atlas, the Times Atlas of the World, and the Digital Chart of the 
World."

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
The following is quoted directly from the ArcWorld Data and Maps CD-ROM:  
"Redistribution rights are granted by the data vendor for static images 
including hard-copy renditions that are plotted or printed, and/or .gif or .jpeg 
images with metadata or source attribution to the respective data vendor(s).  
Geodata are distributable with a Value-Added Software Application developed by 
ESRI Business Partners on a royalty-free basis with proper metadata or source 
attribution to the respective data vendor(s).  Geodata are distributable without 
a Value-Added Software Application (i.e., adding the sample data to an existing, 
[non]commercial data set for redistribution) with proper metadata or source 
attribution to the respective data vendor(s)."

Contact Address:
	Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc.
	380 New York Street
	Redlands, CA, 92373-8100, U.S.A.
	telephone: (909) 793 2853
	fax: (909) 793 5953

Online: 
http://gis.esri.com/metadata/details.cfm?id=294

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	NAME -- Name of river
	SYSTEM -- Name of main river system of which the river is a part

========================================================================
POPULATION DENSITY (Image)

Originator:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (for the Department of Defense)

Date:
2000

Title:
LandScan Global Population 2000 Database

Abstract:
	The following is quoted directly from the LandScan CD-ROM:
	"The LandScan Global Population Project is a worldwide population database 
at 30-second X 30-second resolution for estimating ambient populations at risk. 
... Verification and validation (V&V) studies have been conducted routinely for 
all regions and more extensively for portions of the Middle East and the 
Southwestern United States."
	"Best available census counts (usually at province level) are allocated to 
30-second X 30-second cells through a "smart" interpolation based on the 
relative likelihood of population occurrence in cells due to road proximity, 
slope, land cover, and nighttime lights.  Probability coefficients are assigned 
to each value of each input variable, and a composite probability coefficient is 
calculated for each LandScan cell."
	"Coefficients for all regions are based on the following factors:
		Roads, weighted by distance from major roads,
		Elevation, weighted by favorability of slope categories,
		Land Cover, weighted by type with exclusions for certain types, and
		Nighttime lights of the World, weighted by frequency."
	"The resulting coefficients are weighted values, independent of census 
data, which can then be used to apportion shares of actual population counts 
within any particular area of interest. Coefficients vary considerably from 
country to country even within a particular region. Control totals can be based 
on any administrative unit (nation, province, district, minor civil division) or 
arbitrary polygon for which census data are available. The resulting population 
distribution is normalized and compared with appropriate control totals to 
ensure that aggregate distributions are consistent with census control totals. 
Successful operation of the model has been demonstrated for various control 
totals, control areas, and weighting values."

Supplemental Information:
	For inclusion as an image for the ArcExplorer version of HAZPAC, the 
LandScan data have been resampled to 2.5-minute by 2.5-minute resolution, and 
then converted to JPEG format.  The file "COLORMAP.JPG" (located in 
"HAZPAC_ARCEX\DATA\IMAGE") contains a legend for this image.

Access Constraints:
Public Domain

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection. The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Address:
	Eddie A. Blight
	Oak Ridge National Laboratory
	Building 4500-N, MS 6237
	P.O. Box 2008
	Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, U.S.A.

Online:
http://www.ornl.gov/gist/projects/LandScan/landscan_doc.htm

Explanation of Colors:
	Population density increases in value from beige areas (0-2 people/sq. 
km), to orange areas (26-50 people/sq. km), to red areas (501-2,500 people/sq. 
km), to black areas (25,001-200,000 people/sq. km)

========================================================================
RAILROADS

Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); derived from National Imagery and Mapping Agency 
(NIMA) data

Date:
In press [anticipated publication date, Fall 2002]; derived from 1997 NIMA data

Title:
Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth

Publication Reference:
Hare, Trent, Hearn, Paul, Jr., and Schruben, Paul, in press [anticipated 
publication date, Fall 2002], Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth: 
U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-62-H (DVD-ROM).

Abstract:
	The Global GIS Database was derived from National Imagery and Mapping 
Agency's (NIMA) Vector Map Level 0 (VMAP0) database (Digital Chart of the World, 
3d ed.).  The following is quoted directly from USGS's Global GIS Database 
website (and published CD-ROMs):
	"The Vector Map (VMap) Level 0 database represents the third edition of 
the Digital Chart of the World.  VMap Level 0 is a comprehensive 1:1,000,000 
scale vector basemap of the world.  It consists of cartographic, attribute, and 
textual data ... .  The primary source for the database is the National Imagery 
and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series.  This is 
the largest scale unclassified map series in existence that provides consistent, 
continuous global coverage of essential basemap features."
	The Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series was assembled at a scale of 
1:1,000,000 from medium- and low-altitude aerial photographs, and the themes 
were digitized from the photographs.  Additional sources enhance the accuracy of 
the dataset.

Supplemental Information:
	The railroads from each country were merged together in ArcInfo.  Data 
quality varies.  For example, data are missing for countries where data do 
exist.  In addition, the data are derived from aerial photographs, and they 
often reflect what pilots consider to be important for navigation.
	Although the "Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth" DVD-ROM 
publication (DDS-62-H) is at present [Summer 2002] still "in press," the USGS 
has published CD-ROMs in the "Global GIS Database" series for three areas in the 
Circum-Pacific region (all are available from U.S. Geological Survey; see below 
for address): DDS-62-A, Digital Atlas of Central and South America (Hearn and 
others, 2000); DDS-62-C, Digital Atlas of South Asia (Hearn and others, 2001); 
and DDS-62-D, Digital Atlas of South Pacific (Hearn and others, 2001).

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
The following is quoted directly from USGS's Global GIS Database website (and 
published CD-ROMs): "Cite National Imagery and Mapping Agency"

Contact Address:
	National Imagery and Mapping Agency
	Attn: COS, MA-A30
	8613 Lee Highway
	Fairfax, VA, 22031-2137, U.S.A.

CD-ROMs and DVD-ROM available from:
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Information Services
	BOX 25286, MS 306
	Denver, CO, 80225-0046, U.S.A.
	telephone: (888) ASK-USGS or (888) 275-8747

Online:
http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgis/
http://164.214.2.59/publications/vmap0.html
http://www.nima.mil/publications/specs/printed/DCW/dcw.html

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	COUNT -- Number of segments assigned particular status
	STATUS -- Status of railroad line ('Doubtful,' 'Not Useable,' 
'Operational,' 'Under Construction,' or 'Unexamined/Unsurveyed')

========================================================================
SEISMIC HAZARD (Image)

Originators:
Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program (GSHAP), through the combined efforts 
of the U.S. Geological Survey, Golden, Colorado, U.S.A., for North/South 
America; State Seismological Bureau (CSB), Beijing, China, for Central and 
Eastern Asia; Australian Geological Survey Organization, Canberra, Australia, 
for Australia-Western Pacific margin; GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Potsdam, 
Germany, for Europe-Mediterranean-Africa-Middle East; Swiss Federal Institute of 
Technology Zurich (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland, global coordination.

Authors:
D. Giardini (ETH), G. Grnthal (GFZ Potsdam), K. Shedlock (USGS), and P. Zhang 
(CSB).

Date:
1999

Title:
Global Seismic Hazard Map

Abstract:
	The GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Map has been compiled by joining the 
regional maps produced for different GSHAP regions and test areas; the map 
depicts the global seismic hazard as peak ground acceleration (PGA) with a 10 
percent chance of exceedance in 50 years, corresponding to a return period of 
475 years.

Supplemental Information:
	The peak ground acceleration (PGA) values were combined with a shaded 
relief base map using ArcInfo v.7.2.1 Geographic Information System (GIS) 
software.  The cell size of the PGA and relief base grids is 0.0833 degrees.  
The site classification is "rock" everywhere except Canada and the United 
States, which assume "rock/firm soil" reference ground conditions.  This GSHAP 
map depicts the likely level of short-period ground motion from earthquakes in a 
50-year window.  The Crowding the Rim GIS Development Team converted the grid 
cell values from meters per second to centimeters per second.  This created an 
integer grid rather than a grid with decimal places, allowing for a smaller 
file.
	For inclusion as an image for the ArcExplorer version of HAZPAC, the GSHAP 
data have been resampled to 2.5-minute by 2.5-minute resolution, and then 
converted to JPEG format.  The file "COLORMAP.JPG" (located in 
"HAZPAC_ARCEX\DATA\IMAGE") contains a legend for this image.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
All GSHAP products and maps are available freely and are not covered by 
copyright, provided that the source is cited.

Contact Address:
	Domenico Giardini, GSHAP Coordinator
	Swiss Seismological Service
	ETH-Hoenggerberg/ HPP P 6.1
	CH-8093 Zurich
	Switzerland
	email: giardini@seismo.ifg.ethz.ch

Online:
http://seismo.ethz.ch/GSHAP/

Explanation of Colors:
	Different colors represent areas of relative shaking intensities, as 
indicated by different values of peak ground acceleration (PGA), in centimeters 
per second:
		Dark green, 20-40 cm/s ('Low' intensity of shaking)
		Medium green, 40-80 cm/s
		Yellow-green, 80-160 cm/s ('Moderate' intensity of shaking)
		Yellow-orange, 160-240 cm/s
		Orange, 240-320 cm/s ('High' intensity of shaking)
		Red, 320-400 cm/s
		Dark red, 400-480 cm/s ('Very high' intensity of shaking)
		Brown, 480-1000 cm/s

=======================================================================
SHADED RELIEF (Image)

Originator:
National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)

Date:
a) ETOPO2: 1997
b) ETOPO5: 1988

Title:
a) ETOPO2: Global Sea Floor Topography from Satellite Altimetry and Ship Depth 
Soundings
b) ETOPO5: Data Announcement 88-MGG-02, Digital relief of the Surface of the 
Earth

Abstract:
	This shaded-relief image, derived from a mosaic of topography and 
bathymetry grids covering the Pacific Rim region, visually displays the relative 
elevation change of Pacific Rim region.  This dataset is composed of 2-minute 
resolution data for the areas from latitude -72 degrees to 70 degrees North, and 
5-minute resolution data north and south of those parallels.
	a) ETOPO2: Digital databases of seafloor and land elevations on a 2-minute 
resolution latitude/longitude grid.  The resolution of the raster data varies 
from true 2-minute to 5-minutes.
	b) ETOPO5: Generated from a digital database of land and seafloor 
elevations on a 5-minute resolution latitude/longitude grid, the resolution of 
the raster data varies from true 5-minute to 1-degree resolution.  Data values 
are in whole meters, representing the elevation of the center of each cell.  
Accuracy of the data set is hard to define, due to the disparate sources of the 
data.

Supplemental Information:
	a) ETOPO2: The dataset was obtained in ASCII format from the internet.  It 
was formatted in order to generate a coverage, and then a grid, in ArcInfo.  The 
coverage was projected into the Mollweide Projection, and then the POINTGRID 
command was used.  The Mollweide-projected coverage had no missing bands of 
data; however, after using the POINTGRID command, 10 horizontal bands of 
"nodata" existed between -10 degrees and 10 degrees North.  In order to fill 
these in, the focal mean grid function was employed, and then the resultant 
values for the bands of "nodata" were merged into the grid.
	b) ETOPO5: The ETOPO5 values were merged with the manipulated ETOPO2 
values.  Finally, the grid function INT was used to truncate the numbers at the 
decimal point (all numbers originally ended in '.000').
	For inclusion as a shaded-relief image for HAZPAC, the final topography 
and bathymetry grid was converted to a hillshade format by the Crowding the Rim 
GIS Development Team using the ArcInfo HILLSHADE command.  The hillshade was 
computed with the Sun Azimuth at 315 degrees, at an altitude of 45 degrees.  
Then grid data was transformed into an image format using the GRIDIMAGE command.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection.  The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Address:
	Dr. Peter W. Sloss
	NOAA/NGDC Mail Code E/GC3
	325 Broadway
	Boulder, CO, 80305, U.S.A.
	telephone: (303) 497 6119
	fax: (303) 497 6513
	email: Peter.W.Sloss@noaa.gov

Preparation of shaded-relief image for HAZPAC:
	Brynn Bemis
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A.

Online:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/seltopo.html
(see also, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML)

=======================================================================
SUBSEA TELECOMMUNICATION CABLES

Originator:
Thales GeoSolutions (Pacific), Inc.

Date:
2001

Title:
Optical Fibre Submarine Systems

Abstract:
	The majority of the routes were taken from graphic displays obtained from 
the cable owners or through the internet.  They are of low accuracy and are only 
intended to show the general configuration of the cable systems.  No numerical 
accuracy should be quoted as they are indicative of possible routes only.  They 
do not represent actual installed locations.  Route details including exact 
landfall coordinates, cable separation distances or crossings cannot be 
determined from this product.  None of the displayed routes should be used for 
cable engineering analysis or considered as "official issue" route position 
listings.

Use Constraints:
Distribution is OK as long as the disclaimer and notes are attached.

Disclaimer:
This data has been compiled and prepared by Thales Geosolutions (Pacific), Inc. 
from Source data prepared by Third parties and is therefore not based on or 
results from survey or position fixing services carried out by or for Thales 
Geosolutions (Pacific) Inc. and consequently Thales Geosolutions (Pacific) Inc. 
cannot and does not guarantee, warrant or make any promise as to the accuracy of 
this map nor does it accept or assume any liability or responsibility for any 
loss, damage, claims, cost and expenses suffered or incurred whether direct or 
indirect and whether foreseeable or not by any person who uses or relies on this 
data for any purpose whatsoever and the customer in using or relying on this map 
or any part thereof does so entirely at his own discretion and risk.  In no 
event shall the company or any of its respective officers, directors, agents or 
employees be liable for direct, consequential or incidental damages of any kind 
to the customer or any third party arising out of or connected with this data.

Contact Address:
	Bill Gilmour
	Survey Manager
	Thales GeoSolutions (Pacific), Inc.
	3738 Ruffin Road
	San Diego, CA, 92123, U.S.A.
	telephone: (858) 292 8922
	fax: (858) 292 5308
	email: Bill.Gilmour@thales-geosolutions.com

Preparation of digital data:
	Robert Hansen
	Thales GeoSolutions (Pacific), Inc.
	3738 Ruffin Road
	San Diego, CA, 92123, U.S.A.
	telephone: (858) 292 8922
	fax: (858) 292 5308

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	LAYER -- Name of cable

========================================================================
TOPOGRAPHY & BATHYMETRY (Image)

Originator:
National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)

Date: 
a) ETOPO2: 1997
b) ETOPO5: 1988

Title:
a) ETOPO2: Global Sea Floor Topography from Satellite Altimetry and Ship Depth 
Soundings
b) ETOPO5: Data Announcement 88-MGG-02, Digital relief of the Surface of the 
Earth

Abstract:
	This dataset is composed of 2-minute resolution data for the areas from 
latitude -72 degrees to 70 degrees North, and 5-minute resolution data north and 
south of those parallels.
	a) ETOPO2: Digital databases of seafloor and land elevations on a 2-minute 
resolution latitude/longitude grid.  The resolution of the raster data varies 
from true 2-minute to 5-minutes.
	b) ETOPO5: Generated from a digital database of land and seafloor 
elevations on a 5-minute resolution latitude/longitude grid, the resolution of 
the raster data varies from true 5-minute to 1-degree resolution.  Data values 
are in whole meters, representing the elevation of the center of each cell.  
Accuracy of the dataset is hard to define, due to the disparate sources of the 
data.

Supplemental Information:
	a) ETOPO2: The dataset was obtained in ASCII format from the internet.  It 
was formatted in order to generate a coverage, and then a grid, in ArcInfo.  The 
coverage was projected into the Mollweide Projection, and then the POINTGRID 
command was used.  The Mollweide-projected coverage had no missing bands of 
data; however, after using the POINTGRID command, 10 horizontal bands of 
"nodata" existed between -10 degrees and 10 degrees North.  In order to fill 
these in, the FOCALMEAN grid function was employed, and then the resultant 
values for the bands of "nodata" were merged into the grid.
	b) ETOPO5: The ETOPO5 values were merged with the manipulated ETOPO2 
values.  Finally, the INT grid function was used to truncate the numbers at the 
decimal point (all numbers originally ended in '.000').
	For inclusion as an image for the ArcExplorer version of HAZPAC, the 
topography and bathymetry data have been resampled to 2.5-minute by 2.5-minute 
resolution, then converted to JPEG format.  The file "COLORMAP.JPG" (located in 
"HAZPAC_ARCEX\DATA\IMAGE") contains a legend for this image.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection. The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Address:
	Dr. Peter W. Sloss
	NOAA/NGDC Mail Code E/GC3
	325 Broadway
	Boulder, CO, 80305, U.S.A.
	telephone: (303) 497 6119
	fax: (303) 497 6513
	email: Peter.W.Sloss@noaa.gov

Online:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/global/seltopo.html
(see also, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML)

Explanation of Colors:
	Blues represent areas below mean sea level; browns, areas above mean sea 
level; lightest blues and lightest browns, areas at or around mean sea level.  
The darkest blue areas are the deepest waters, and the darkest brown areas are 
the highest mountains.

========================================================================
TROPICAL STORM ZONES

Originator:
Munich Reinsurance Company (Mnchener Rckversicherungs-Gesellschaft)

Date:
1998

Title:
World Map of Natural Hazards (3rd edition)

Abstract:
	The coverage shows probable maximum intensity of wind speed with an 
exceedance probability of 10 percent in 10 years.  The polygon coverage contains 
an item called "Tc_zone", which ranks each polygon from 1 to 5 on the basis of 
the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale (wind speed).

Supplemental Information:
	The original coverage was in decimal degrees and had the Atlantic Ocean in 
the middle.  First, the coverage was reprojected into Mercator projection with 
the Pacific Ocean in the middle; it was then clipped to our target boundaries.  
Next, polygons were merged around longitude 180 degrees East/West.  The coverage 
was then reprojected into Mollweide projection.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
The following is quoted directly:  "Texts, pictures, graphics and their 
appearance on the Munich Re CD-ROM are protected under copyright law and other 
protective legislation.  These materials or any portions thereof may be used 
solely for personal and non-commercial purposes.  Any contents and components of 
the Munich Re CD-ROM stored, reproduced or distributed, provided that permission 
has been granted to do so, must contain a reference to Munich Re's copyright."

Contact Addresses:
	Andreas Siebert
	Munich Reinsurance Company
	Geoscience Research Group (R&D/Geo)
	107 Koeniginstrasse
	D-80791 Munich, Germany
	telephone: (49 89) 3891 5292
	fax: (49 89) 3891 5696 (central)
	email: ASiebert@MunichRe.com

	Anselm Smolka
	Deputy head, geologist
	Munich Reinsurance Company
	Geoscience Research Group (R&D/Geo)
	107 Koeniginstrasse
	D-80791 Munich, Germany
	email: asmolka@munichre.com

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	COUNT -- Number of polygons in a particular storm zone
	STORM_ZONE -- Value of storm zone rating, based on Saffir-Simpson 
Hurricane scale (zone 1, 118-153 km/hr; zone 2, 154-177 km/hr; zone 3, 178-209 
km/hr; zone 4, 210-249 km/hr; zone 5, 250+ km/hr)
	WIND_SPEED -- Maximum wind speeds calculated for Saffir-Simpson Hurricane 
scale, which rates wind speeds with a 10 percent exceedance in 10 years, 100-
year return period

========================================================================
TSUNAMI RUNUPS

Originator:
National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)

Date:
2001

Title:
National Geophysical Data Center Tsunami Runup Database

Abstract: 
	The online tsunami databases consist of the event database and the runup 
database.  The event database (1410 B.C. to Summer 2001 A.D.) contains 
information on the tsunami, such as the cause of the tsunami, the source 
location, the magnitude and intensity of the tsunami, etc.  The runup database 
contains information on locations where tsunami effects occurred.  However, 
there is not a one-to-one correspondence between these two datasets.  Some 
events do not have runup information; on the other hand, some events have many 
locations where a runup height was recorded.  The Crowding the Rim GIS 
Development team has decided to only use the tsunami runup database for HAZPAC.

Supplemental Information:
	Some attributes that did not have values were assigned either 'Unknown' or 
'-9999' values.  [The value '-9999' is a standard value used in GIS database 
management that keeps the data field numeric, which allows data to be 
mathematically analyzed and queried.]  Tsunamis labeled 'Less than' or 'Greater 
than' were assigned the value 'Questionable' to avoid ambiguity.  Also, runups 
lacking geospatial coordinates were dropped from the database.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection.  The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Addresses:
	Paula Dunbar
	National Geophysical Data Center
	E/GC 325 Broadway
	Boulder, CO, 80305-3328, U.S.A.
	telephone: (303) 497 6084
	email: Paula.Dunbar@noaa.gov

Online:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/tsuintro.shtml
(see also, references, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/tsuref.shtml)

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	COUNTRY -- Country location of tsunami runup
	DAY -- Day of tsunami origin (dates and times are in Universal Coordinated 
Time (UTC) if Year, Month, and Day fields are complete; otherwise, they reflect 
local dates and times)
	DESCRIPTIO -- 'Observed' indicates runup height was not known; 
'Questionable' indicates an uncertain runup height; 'Unknown' indicates no 
recorded description
	FIRST_MTN -- First motion of wave, whether rise ('R'), fall ('F'), or 
'Unknown'
	LATITUDE -- Latitude where tsunami effect was observed or recorded, in 
decimal degrees; minus sign ('-') indicates south latitude
	LOCATION -- Location of tsunami runup
	LONGITUDE -- Longitude where tsunami effect was observed or recorded, in 
decimal degrees; minus sign ('-') indicates west longitude
	MONTH -- Month of tsunami origin (dates and times are in Universal 
Coordinated Time (UTC) if Year, Month, and Day fields are complete; otherwise, 
they reflect local dates and times)
	NUM_DEATHS -- Number of deaths from tsunami (may also include deaths from 
earthquake that triggered tsunami)
PERIOD_MIN -- Time taken by tsunami to complete period of first cycle, in 
minutes
	RUNUNP_HT_M -- Height of runup, in meters above mean sea level (note that 
some data points might not have used mean sea level as reference point)
	YEAR -- Year of tsunami origin (dates and times are in Universal 
Coordinated Time (UTC) if Year, Month, and Day fields are complete; otherwise, 
they reflect local dates and times)

========================================================================
UTILITIES

Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); derived from National Imagery and Mapping Agency 
(NIMA) data

Date:
In press [anticipated publication date, Fall 2002]; derived from 1997 NIMA data

Title:
Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth

Publication Reference:
Hare, Trent, Hearn, Paul, Jr., and Schruben, Paul, in press [anticipated 
publication date, Fall 2002], Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth: 
U.S. Geological Survey Digital Data Series DDS-62-H (DVD-ROM).

Abstract:
	The Global GIS Database was derived from National Imagery and Mapping 
Agency's (NIMA) Vector Map Level 0 (VMAP0) database (Digital Chart of the World, 
3d ed.).  The following is quoted directly from USGS's Global GIS Database 
website (and published CD-ROMs):
	"The Vector Map (VMap) Level 0 database represents the third edition of 
the Digital Chart of the World.  VMap Level 0 is a comprehensive 1:1,000,000 
scale vector basemap of the world.  It consists of cartographic, attribute, and 
textual data ... .  The primary source for the database is the National Imagery 
and Mapping Agency's (NIMA) Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series.  This is 
the largest scale unclassified map series in existence that provides consistent, 
continuous global coverage of essential basemap features."
	The Operational Navigation Chart (ONC) series was assembled at a scale of 
1:1,000,000 from medium- and low-altitude aerial photographs, and the themes 
were digitized from the photographs.  Additional sources enhance the accuracy of 
the dataset.

Supplemental Information:
	Utilities from each country were merged together in ArcInfo.  Data quality 
varies.  For example, data are missing for countries where data do exist.  In 
addition, the data are derived from aerial photographs, and they often reflect 
what pilots consider to be important for navigation.
	Although the "Global GIS Database: Digital Atlas of the Earth" DVD-ROM 
publication (DDS-62-H) is at present [Summer 2002] still "in press," the USGS 
has published CD-ROMs in the "Global GIS Database" series for three areas in the 
Circum-Pacific region (all are available from U.S. Geological Survey; see below 
for address): DDS-62-A, Digital Atlas of Central and South America (Hearn and 
others, 2000); DDS-62-C, Digital Atlas of South Asia (Hearn and others, 2001); 
and DDS-62-D, Digital Atlas of South Pacific (Hearn and others, 2001).

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
The following is quoted directly from USGS's Global GIS Database website (and 
published CD-ROMs): "Cite National Imagery and Mapping Agency"

Contact Address:
	National Imagery and Mapping Agency
	Attn: COS, MA-A30
	8613 Lee Highway
	Fairfax, VA, 22031-2137, U.S.A.

CD-ROMs and DVD-ROM available from:
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Information Services
	BOX 25286, MS 306
	Denver, CO, 80225-0046, U.S.A.
	telephone: (888) ASK-USGS or (888) 275-8747

Online:
http://webgis.wr.usgs.gov/globalgis/
http://164.214.2.59/publications/vmap0.html
http://www.nima.mil/publications/specs/printed/DCW/dcw.html

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	COUNT -- Number of line segments of a particular utility type
	UTILITY -- Type of utility ('Buried Pipeline,' 'Pipeline (above ground),' 
and 'Power Line')

========================================================================
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

Originator:
National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)

Date:
2000

Title:
National Geophysical Data Center Worldwide Volcano Database

Abstract:
	Online, searchable database of historical volcanic eruptions rated using 
the VEI, Volcanic Explosivity Index.  The Volcanic Explosive Index (VEI) was 
defined by Newhall and Self in a paper in the Journal of Geophysical Research. 
The National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) compiled volcano data from several 
present and historical records (79 A.D. to Spring 2000 A.D.).

Supplemental Information:
	Volcano data only includes known historical eruptions; some unknown (or 
unrecorded) eruptions might not be listed.  This database contains data on known 
eruptions from 186 A.D. to Spring 2000 A.D.  In the "VOL_NAME" field, the 
Crowding the Rim GIS Development team removed spaces and and replaced the spaces 
with underscores '_'.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
As required by U.S. Copyright Statute Title 17 Section 403 (17 U.S.C. 403), 
third parties producing copyrighted works consisting predominantly of the 
material produced by U.S. Government agencies must provide notice with such 
work(s) identifying the U.S. Government material incorporated and stating that 
such material is not subject to copyright protection.  The information on U.S. 
Government web pages are in the public domain unless specifically annotated 
otherwise and may therefore be used freely by the public.

Contact Addresses:
	Lowell Whiteside
	National Geophysical Data Center
	E/GC 325 Broadway
	Boulder, CO, 80305-3328, U.S.A.
	telephone: (303) 497 6477
	email: low@ngdc.noaa.gov

	Paula Dunbar
	National Geophysical Data Center
	E/GC 325 Broadway
	Boulder, CO, 80305-3328, U.S.A.
	telephone: (303) 497 6084
	email: Paula.Dunbar@noaa.gov

Online:
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/volcano.shtml
(see also, references, http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/hazard/vol_ref.shtml)

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	DAY -- Day of month of volcanic eruption
	LATITUDE -- Latitude of volcano, in decimal degrees [minus sign ('-') 
indicates south latitude]
	LOCATION -- Location of volcano
	LONGITUDE -- Longitude of volcano, in decimal degrees [minus sign ('-') 
indicates west longitude]
	MAGNITUDE -- Explosion intensity during eruption ('0,' lowest magnitude; 
'8,' highest)
	MONTH -- Month of volcanic eruption
	VOL_NAME -- Name of volcano
	YEAR -- Year of volcanic eruption

========================================================================
VOLCANOES - ACTIVE

Originator:
Global Volcanism Program, Smithsonian Institution.  Digitally compiled by Tom 
Simkin and Lee Siebert from their publication "Volcanoes of the World."

Date:
1994

Title:
Volcanoes of the World

Publication Reference:
Simkin, T., and Siebert, L., 1994, Volcanoes of the World, 2d ed.: Geoscience 
Press, in association with the Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program, 
Tucson, AZ, 368 p., 33 illustrations, 50 color maps [out of print].

Abstract:
	The dataset was adapted from the above Simkin and Siebert book and is 
presented digitally by the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program.  
It is a collection of information by Smithsonian Institution volcanologists 
summarizing 1,511 volcanoes active in the last 10,000 years.

Supplemental Information:
	Attributes that did not have values were assigned either 'Unknown' or 
'N/A' values.  With a few exceptions, the Crowding the Rim GIS Development team 
used the names listed by the compilers of the Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the 
World (CAVW), the contributors to the International Association of Volcanology 
and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI) post-Miocene data sheets, and 
individual volcanologists reporting on additional volcanoes.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
Please acknowledge "Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program" as the 
data source in any disseminated use of the data file.  Also, they would 
appreciate a copy of whatever published work results from use of the data.

Contact Addresses:
	Lee Siebert
	Smithsonian Institution
	Global Volcanism Program
	Natural History Bldg., Rm. E-503A
	Washington, DC, 20560-0119, U.S.A.
	telephone: (202) 357 3041
	fax: (202) 357 2476
	email: siebert@volcano.si.edu

	Tom Simkin
	Smithsonian Institution
	Global Volcanism Program
	Natural History Bldg., Rm. E-503A
	Washington, DC, 20560-0119, U.S.A.
	telephone: (202) 357 2786
	email: simkin@nmnh.si.edu

Online:
http://www.nmnh.si.edu/gvp/volcano/index.htm

Attribute Information (listed in alphabetical order):
	ELEVATION -- Elevation above or below mean sea level, in meters [minus 
sign ('-') indicates elevation below sea level]
	LAST_ACTIV -- Time period of most recent activity
	LATITUDE -- Latitude of volcano, in decimal degrees [minus sign ('-') 
indicates south latitude]
	LOCATION -- Region of volcano
	LONGITUDE -- Longitude of volcano, in decimal degrees [minus sign ('-') 
indicates west longitude]
	NAME -- Name of volcano
	NUMBER -- Number assigned to each volcano, based on geographic location
	STATUS -- Reason or evidence for including in database
	TYPE -- Type of volcano

=======================================================================
WATER

Originator:
U.S. Geological Survey

Date:
2002

Title:
Water

Abstract:
	This is a HAZPAC background theme for display purposes only and contains 
no georeferenced data.

Access Constraints:
None

Use Constraints:
Data is considered public information and may be distributed or copied.  Use of 
appropriate byline/photo/image credit is requested.  U.S. Geological Survey 
provides no warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy, reliability, or 
completeness of furnished data.

Contact Address:
	David G. Howell
	U.S. Geological Survey
	Menlo Park, CA, 94025, U.S.A.