Title: Resources for Mother-Child Community Corrections
Series: Resource Guide
Author: Mary K. Shilton
Published: September 2001
Subject: corrections -- general, female offenders, families of prisoners
235 pages
385024 bytes

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The Adobe Acrobat graphic file is available from this Web site or a printed
copy is available from BJA at 800-688-4252.

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RESOURCES

FOR 

MOTHER-CHILD COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS

By: 

Mary K. Shilton
The Mother-Child Community Corrections Project
International Community Corrections Association
P.O. Box 1987
La Crosse, WI 54602

This project was supported by cooperative agreement 2000-DD-VX-0015
awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, and
the U.S. Department of Justice. Points of view in this document are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent official positions or policies of the U.S.
Department of Justice.

----------------------------

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This Guide was developed with the assistance of 

The Mother-Child Community Corrections Project Team

Judy Berman, Center for Effective Public Policy

Karen Chapple, International Community Corrections Association

Phyllis Modley, National Institute of Corrections

Becki Ney, Center for Effective Public Policy

Mary Shilton, International Community Corrections Association

Richard A. Sutton, Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice

PROJECT ADVISORY GROUP

Karen Asphaug, First Judicial District, Hastings, MN

Sandra Barnhill, Aid to Children of Imprisoned Mothers, Atlanta, GA

Evvie Becker, Ph.D., Department of Health and Human Services, Washington,
D.C

Carl C. Bell, M.D., Community Mental Health Council, Chicago, IL

Barbara Bloom Ph.D. CSU, Dept. of Criminal Justice, Petaluma, CA

Barbara Broderick, Arizona Supreme Court Admin. Office of the Courts,
Phoenix, AZ

Patsy L. Buida, M.S.W., Children's Bureau, Washington, DC

Sonia L. Burgos, Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, D.C

Ellen Clark, Western Carolinians for Criminal Justice, Women at Risk program,
Ashville, NC

Stephanie S. Covington, Ph.D., Institute for Relational Development, La Jolla,
CA

Teresa Fabi, Kings County District Attorney's Office, Brooklyn, NY

Mindy Feldbaum, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Washington, DC

Katherine Gabel, Casey Family Foundation Program, Pasadena CA

Joan B. Gillece, Ph.D., Maryland Dept. of Health & Mental Hygiene Admin.,
Baltimore, MD

Aurie Hall, Open Society Institute, Baltimore, MD

M. Kay Harris, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA

Leo Hayden, National Center for Violence Interruption, Chicago, IL

James A. Hemm, New Jersey Association on Correction, Trenton, NJ

Talmira Hill, Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD

Mary Hughes, Kings County District Attorney's Office, Brooklyn, NY

Ann L. Jacobs, Women's Prison Association and Home, Inc. New York, NY

Susan L. Jacobs, J.D. Legal Action Center, New York, NY

John M. Jeffries, Ph.D. Vera Institute of Justice, New York, NY

Nancy Kirshner-Rodriguez, Dept. Of Housing and Urban Development,
Washington, DC 

James Lawrence, Oriana House, Inc. Akron, OH

Dennis Lieberman, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC

Valerie Martin, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Department of Justice, Washington,
DC

Terrie McDermott, Dept. of Women's Justice Services, Cook County Sheriff's
Office, Chicago, IL

Sue Osthoff, National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women,
Philadelphia, PA

Michael Petit , Child Welfare League of America, Washington, DC

Myrna Raeder, J.D., Southwestern University School of Law, Los Angeles,
CA

Cynthia Seymour, Child Welfare League of America, Washington, DC

Ulonda B. Shamwell, Department of Heath and Human Services SAMHSA,
Rockville, MD

Brenda V. Smith, J.D. American University School of Law, Washington, DC

Dolores Elizabeth Thornton, Taconic Correctional Facility, Bedford Hills, NY

Melval Tuggle Owens, R.N., Ph.D. Department of Health and Human
Services, Bel Air, MD

S. Anne Walker, Alston Wilkes Society, Columbia, SC

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE

Research and technical assistance were provided by Katheryn Flynn, Katherine
Kosloske, and Katherine Shilton

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. About Mother-Child Programs

II. About Resources

III. Resources for Child and Parent Development

IV. Gender, Cultural and Ethnic Diversity Resources

V. Educational Resources

VI. Employment and Career Development Resources

VII. Health and Human Services References

VIII. Housing Assistance

IX. Justice and Legal System Sources

X. Policy, Research and Evaluation

XI. Foundation Resources

----------------------------

I. About Mother-Child Programs

The Mother-Child Community Corrections Project has prepared this Resource
Directory for program managers, agencies and individuals who are involved in
planning, developing and implementing programs that serve mothers who have
been under criminal-justice supervision--or diverted from the justice system--
and their children. These programs often are called mother-child community
corrections programs, although local programs are known by many other
names as well. They may be halfway houses, shelter plus aftercare, drug or
mental health treatment facilities and women's health initiatives. Such programs
are most often multi-disciplinary efforts that combine criminal justice supervision
or diversion from prison with an array of services. These include health,
education, and social services; substance abuse programs; job training and
counseling; family- and child-support services; and other existing community
resources. Such programs generally include a variety of government agencies as
well as private non-profit, religious and community organizations.

Why we assembled this directory

This piece aims to serve nearly a million American women who are currently
under criminal justice supervision, their young children, and the agencies that
serve them. In 1998, the Bureau of Justice Statistics reported that there were
more than 951,000 women under supervision. (Lawrence Greenfield and Tracy
Snell, Women Offenders, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC,
December 1999, Revised 10/3/2000, NCJ 175688). Through research,
interviews, and contact with programs and professionals in the field, the Mother
Child Community Corrections Project team identified funding, technical
assistance and training resources as top priorities. Those interviewed and
providing information identified a need to know more about assistance available
from non-criminal justice areas, such as child development, health care and
legal sources. This directory gathers many sources of assistance in one place.

What do we know about existing mother-child programs? Many different
programs serve exclusively female offenders and their children. None are
identical, although many contain common goals, components, and techniques.
Several began as extensions of visitation or prison-nursery programs. Some
developed in halfway houses or in alternative sentencing-diversion programs for
women who would be confined for less than a year. Others grew out of
probation or parole programs. More recently, programs that reach out to
substance-abusing women have operated in conjunction with district attorney's
offices, drug courts, community substance abuse treatment, mental health, and
other social service providers. In other instances, churches and religious
organizations developed services for these mothers and their children. 

MCCC programs are not without significant problems. There is a dearth of
research about the effectiveness of such programs. Some efforts have been
short-lived, and many have experienced disruptions in management and
financial backing. A few exist hand-to-mouth, struggle to meet payrolls and live
up to local and state standards. Still, the reported results are promising, and
most home communities remain committed to the programs' success.

This directory was developed for the following purposes:

o To encourage those interested in mother-child programs to learn more about
available resources and assistance;
o To acquaint readers with the variety of resources available across the social
service, health, education and criminal justice domains related to mother-child
programs;
o to familiarize users with various alternative strategies for using available
resources to develop effective programs;
o to help mother-child projects identify approaches in the various domains that
are emerging as best practices and to gain access to assessment, evaluation,
research and educational materials to help their programs become more
effective.

The Mother-Child Community Corrections Resource Directory identifies
selected resources to help program planners access tools, materials and funding
to improve their services. Some of these serve correctional managers and
providers; some are geared to child-development experts and parents; still
others operate in the area of health, drug treatment, employment, and business
development. Some are advocacy groups; others are educational, research,
governmental or civic organizations with targeted audiences. 

Scope of the problem

There are a variety of correctional programs struggling to address public safety
and the needs of women under criminal justice supervision and their young
children who live in America's communities. In total, about one million females
are under some kind of criminal justice supervision--but more than 85 percent
are in the community, under local supervision and the remaining 15% were in
prison or jails. (Greenfield and Snell) BJS estimated that 72% of women under
supervision in the community have minor children. (Greenfield and Snell)

According to BJS, there were nearly 1.49 million children of offenders in 1999.
(Christopher Mumola, Incarcerated Parents and Their Children, Bureau of
Justice Statistics, Washington D.C. August 2000, NCJ 182335). We know
that 1.5 million children under age 18 are affected presently and this number
does not include children of offenders who are diverted into drug treatment or
other alternatives to probation or incarceration. More than 333,300 households
with minor children had an imprisoned parent in 1999, (Mumola, 2000). If
probation and parole numbers were included, this number would approach one
million households. There were fewer households than parents affected by
incarceration because many of those imprisoned did not live with their children
prior to incarceration. 

The number of young women under 21 involved in the adult justice system is
growing faster than any other segment of the population. The rate of juvenile
female arrest was almost twice that of adult females. (Greenfield and Snell,
1999.) Many of these adolescent females have young children and face the loss
of custody, visitation rights, and even parental rights.

What are demographic characteristics of women in the criminal justice system?

The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that at least 11 out of every 1,000
American women will spend time in prison at some point in their lives. (Thomas
P. Bonczar and Allen J. Beck, Lifetime Likelihood of going to State or Federal
Prison, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Washington, DC, (NCJ-160092). In fact,
most of the recent growth in female prison populations can be traced to the
increased confinement of Black and Hispanic women. An African-American
female is three times more likely to receive a prison sentence than her
Caucasian counterpart. (This is about the same likelihood of imprisonment as a
white male.) Hispanic women have a 15 in 1,000 chance of imprisonment
during their lives. (Greenfield and Snell)

What has been documented about females who are arrested, incarcerated or
on probation or parole?

BJS reported the rate of convicted females grew by 2.5 times between 1990
and 1996. (Greenfield and Snell) Half of the increase in female offenders in
recent years has been due to drug offenses. One fifth of the rise is due to violent
crimes. However, 75 percent of violent offences committed by women were
crimes of simple assault--most frequently their victims were a relative or
intimate. Half of all women interviewed admitted to being under the influence of
drugs or alcohol when they committed their crime. Half of women in prison
have family members with a history of confinement. One sixth of all incarcerated
women were placed in foster homes or youth residential facilities when they
were young. Many were homeless within the year prior to their arrests.

What statistics raise concern about female offenders and their children? 

By the year 2000, more than 1.5 million children had mothers confined in prison
or jail, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. (Greenfield and Snell) The
number of women under correctional supervision continues to grow faster than
at any other time in the nation's history. During the 1990's the number of
women in prison who were parents of minors more than doubled. (Kathleen
Maguire and Ann Pastore, Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Online,
http//www.Albany.edu/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t60005.pdf). There are now over
126,000 children of women state and federal prisoners, and it is estimated that
nearly as many children have a mother in a local jail. For most of these children,
the mother was the primary caretaker. (Sourcebook of Criminal Justice
Statistics). The research indicates that disruption of the mother-child bond can
adversely affect the child and also impair the mother's chances for rehabilitation.
) Jacy Showers "Assessing and Remedying Parenting Knowledge among
Women Inmates." Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 20 1993 pp 35-46; A.
Lowenstein "Temporary Single Parenthood: The Case of Prisoner's Families"
Family Relations 36, pp79-85 (1986).

What type of criminal justice interventions frequently impact children?

In 1998, over 3 million women were involved in an arrest. (Greenfield and
Snell, supra). Arrested women are more likely than men to have minor
dependents. At least one in every five children witnesses a parent's arrest.
Johnston, Denise, "The Care and Placement of Prisoners' Children," in K.
Gabel and D. Johnston, Eds. Children of Incarcerated Parents, New York,
Lexington Books, 1995 (pp 103-123). Applied to recent statistics, it is
estimated that more than 600,000 children witness a mother's arrest each year. 

Arrest of a parent may only be the beginning of a series of interventions
impacting children. Trauma research indicates that children face emotional
challenges and feelings of guilt when their mothers become involved in the
criminal justice system. (See Johnston, Denise, "Report No. 6 Children of
Offenders." The Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents, Pasadena, Ca.
1992) The impact on the child is more devastating if the arrest causes the child
to lose a primary caregiver, change housing or schools, or experience other
environmental disruptions. (Johnston, Denise, "Child Custody Issues of Women
Prisoners: A Preliminary Report form the CHICAS Project." The Prison
Journal 75:222-39 1995). This type of situation occurs with offenders of both
genders, but is more often experienced by the children of female offenders. For
men involved in the justice system, their wives or partners are most likely to
become custodial parents during their period of supervision. For women
involved in the justice system, they often give custody to their parents or
extended family members. If facing long periods of incarceration, children often
change caregivers during their mother's sentence. (Mumola, 1999). 

What are the risks to children whose parents are under correctional
supervision?

Direct physical and emotional harm can occur when a parent is incarcerated
and a child loses support and benefits that would otherwise have been
available. Barbara Bloom and David Steinhart Why Punish the Children?: A
Reappraisal of the Children of Incarcerated Mothers in America. Washington
D.C. National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 1993, and Denise Johnston.
"The Effects of Parental Incarceration" in Children of Incarcerated Parents,
Katherine Gabel and Denise Johnston, eds. Pp 59-88, New York: Lexington
Books. 1995.Children of incarcerated parents are more likely to experience
behavioral or learning problems in school (A. Lowenstein, Temporary Single
Parenthood: The Case of Prisoners Families, Family Relations 1986, 36,79-85;
Ann Stanton When Mothers Go To Jail. 1980. Lexington, MA: Lexington
Books; "Cycles of Pain: Risk Factors in the Lives of Incarcerated Mothers and
Their Children, The Prison Journal, Philadelphia, March 2000 Susan Green,
Craig Haney, Aida Hurtado. This is often related to the lack of stable and
permanent child placement, disruption of family ties and visitation, inadequate
nutrition, lack of access to health care, and chronic poverty. Researchers report
that children of offenders often experience or witness trauma or violence at
home in a way similar to that of their mothers. Over 70% of offender mothers
report their children have witnessed violence at home, and over half reported
that their children had witnessed excessive drunkenness or use of drugs in their
home. (Green, Haney and Hurtado). The institutions that serve children are not
fully prepared to address the mother's involvement in the justice system and its
impact on her children. For example, most foster care agencies do not have
protocols ensuring children of incarcerated parents the ability to maintain
contact with their parent through phone calls or visits. (Lois Wright and Cynthia
Seymour, Working with Children and Families Separated by Incarceration,
Child Welfare League of America Press, Washington, DC 2000.)

How can professionals and others help children of parents who are involved in
the justice system? 

Caregivers, families and probation/parole officers can improve parent-child
bonds whenever possible. Schools, social services, and health-care
professionals team up to protect such children. Mother-Child services bring
together many disciplines to help improve the lives of children whose parents
are under supervision. These programs aim to assure that the children of
offenders will not fall through the cracks in the justice system, and that difficult
issues of child custody, health and welfare will be attended to by both family
and professionals. Law enforcement officers and other criminal justice
professionals need access to training and assistance to handle the arrest of
parents and reduce the trauma to their children. Child welfare workers and
correctional professionals cross-train with staff to specialize in cases where the
criminal justice system is involved. (See Wright and Seymour) 

About the Guide

This Directory was prepared by the Mother-Child Community Corrections
Project to guide those who are seeking technical assistance in finding additional
resources to support their projects. The Mother-Child Community Corrections
Project (MCCCP) operates an information and technical assistance resource
center under the sponsorship of the Office of Justice Programs (OJP), United
States Department of Justice. The project is funded through July 15, 2001,
through two cooperative agreement awards to the Center for Effective Public
Policy (CEPP), and the International Community Corrections Association, for a
coordinated effort. This project was assisted by the National Institute of
Corrections Community Corrections Branch and the National Institute of
Corrections Information Center. The National Criminal Justice Reference
Service has also aided this project's work.

Background about the MCCC Project

The project grew out of needs expressed by participants at a Conference,
sponsored by the International Community Corrections Association in Arlington
VA, in 1998, (see Assessment to Assistance: Programs for Women in
Community Corrections, McMahon, Maeve, Ed, American Correctional
Association, Lanham MD. ISBN 1-56991-124-X. 2000) and the Office of
Justice Programs Symposium on Women Offenders, December, 1999 (See
Office of Justice Programs Conference Proceedings National Symposium on
Women Offenders, Washington D.C. December 13-15, 1999, U.S.
Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, 2000. The leadership of a
number of other national associations has recognized the need for these
programs. They include the American Bar Association, the American
Correctional Association, and the National Association of Women Judges. 

Many organizations have focused on comprehensive programs known as
"wraparound programs" for female offenders and their children. The programs
serve a range of needs and involve multi-disciplinary teams. The teams include
health and mental health, social work, education, criminal justice, legal, child
welfare, housing and other agencies to provide a range of appropriate services.
They have identified a need for agencies to assist in developing strategies that
work. Planning for programs and securing resources is a first-step toward
developing comprehensive mother-child programs.

About our mission

The Mother-Child Project's goal is to improve public safety by supporting the
development of criminal justice responses to female offenders that take into
account and provide support for their roles as mothers and primary caretakers
of children and to support further the healthy development of their children. By
supporting families and individual family members in their ability to be both
healthy and stable, these responses will work to prevent future criminal justice
involvement of both parent and child.

The Project is designed to meet the following needs of mother-child programs:

o to collect documentation of current knowledge of mother-child community
corrections programs;
o to provide for practitioners who are starting or improving their efforts a
centralized source of information on programs serving female offenders with
children;
o to identify a source of information about the many different issues surrounding
these programs for policymakers and other non criminal justice professionals; 
o to make available training and technical assistance on the design and delivery
of services to women offenders with children.

About the National Resource Group

The National Resource Group (NRG) is a thirty-five person advisory group
comprising experts in the fields of research, criminal justice, child development,
law, community development, and several federal agencies. The NRG met in
June 2000, and reached consensus on four broad priorities given the Project
funds available. The priorities identified are: 

o information gathering and dissemination; 
o networking and outreach;
o technical assistance; and
o public education.

The MCCC project has applied the recommendations of the National
Resource Group through tasks and services listed below.

----------------------------

o MCCC web page
http://www.nicic.org/services/special/women/mcccp/default.htm

The web page was designed to house the technical assistance and resource
documents already collected by the Project, and others to be developed in the
future. The website provides links to other existing resources, including a
database currently in development at the Center. 

o MCCC technical assistance

The Center provides limited technical assistance to developing programs
through meetings, site visits, and resource sharing. The Center has identified
new and planned programs and has provided technical assistance and
opportunities to link with peers in other programs.

o MCCC resource documents for the field

We continue to develop resource documents that provide basic "how-to"
information for those persons considering a mother-child program. This
Resource Directory is among the documentation provided. Also included are: a
program inventory, case studies of selected programs, lists of key contacts and
technical assistance providers, and emerging best practice information.

o MCCC examples of public education materials

Another area has been to develop public education materials to include points
of information, discussion items, editorials and fact sheets. They can be used to
assist programs in informing local media and policymakers about mother-child
programs.

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How to read this guide

This guide is an introduction to the many types of funding streams, research,
technical assistance, information networks, peer groups, advocates and other
support for mother-child projects. It is offered to acquaint the reader with
possibilities for enhancing their programs and to access colleagues in the field. It
does not offer an exhaustive list of resources, and readers should be aware that
the sources may change addresses and that websites may disappear and
change. New opportunities, when they are identified, will be added.

How is this guide organized?

This guide is organized topically. It includes parts covering both public and
private groups within each of the identified domains of mother-child
programming. They include references to: 

1) Learning About General Resources;
2) Child and Parent Development;
3) Gender, Cultural, and Ethnic Resources; 
4) Education;
5) Employment;
6) Health and Human Services;
7) Housing;
8) The Justice System;
9) Policy, Research and Evaluation; and
10) Foundation Funding. 

For sub-topics, the names of contacts are organized alphabetically. As new
topics are developed other references will be added. As this field grows, the
resources also will grow.

What criteria have been used to include resources?

The resources and contacts in this piece were selected based on relevance to
programs serving both female offenders and their children. The funding
resources may provide assistance to existing programs. Some recently
published solicitations that could be addressed by mother-child applicants.
Others are considering how to address this field, but have not published funding
solicitations.

The technical assistance resources have information or training expertise in one
or more of the nine topical areas of the guide's chapters. The Research
resources fund or publish program evaluations related to the field. Research
resources may also provide technical assistance in program assessment, and
evaluation design. Because of the need to cover each subject, the chapters list
resources that overlap and may be somewhat repetitive. For example, the U.S.
Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs may have assistance or
funding related to several topical areas. Although there are very few funding
resources exclusively serving female offenders and their children, those selected
for this guide offer potential for developing wrap-around services. Resources
were also selected if they were the primary source of funding or expertise in a
given area, even though they may have limited programs at this time. For
example, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development provides
assistance for homeless families and persons with disabilities and it does not
specifically target female offenders and their children for resources. When
approaching potential grantors or providers of technical assistance, program
planners should be aware that they must be persistent and creative because
there are very few earmarked funding streams. They may have to overcome
stigmatization issues, eligibility exclusion issues and persuade agencies of the
importance of their work.

Where can planners look for additional information? 

The Resource guide is intended to be used with a companion piece entitled:
Building Mother-Child Community Corrections Programs, by Mary K. Shilton
that provides an overview of how to get programs started and funded.
Resources for Mother-Child Community Corrections covers national and
regional resources available to build and strengthen mother-child services. The
most accessible and available resources are through local, regional and state
sources. Private local foundations are often more interested in projects in their
own localities. Local governments may have human services and educational
resources available for program support and states may be very helpful in
identifying their resources for building programs. 

The information compiled in this guide has been extracted from various
websites, agencies and organizations. It is meant to start practitioners on the
journey toward improved programs for female offenders and their children. The
journey ahead for each program is filled with obstacles and rewards. It is
therefore important for the traveler on this path to keep track of progress and a
keen eye on the road ahead. With persistence and creativity, programs will
grow and fulfill their promise of improving public safety while enhancing the
development of children and helping mothers reintegrate into their communities.

----------------------------

II. About Resources

Governmental and private-sector resources provide a range of opportunities for
mother-child programs, although few programs are funded in a systematic or
categorical way. In addition to grants and funding, program developers can
acquire surplus property, locate technical and business-development assistance
and training, network with others in the field and gain access to research and
evaluation tools. 

Where does the reader start in finding resources?

Any search for resources is driven by what is needed in a particular program.
An interdisciplinary task force or interagency working group is helpful to
identify existing program resources and to conduct a needs assessment for new
ones. This often results in a search for a site to provide a safe and secure living
environment. Perhaps substance abuse treatment is unavailable and they need
funding to start a treatment program, then the Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Administration at the Department of Health and Human Services is an
important agency to contact. If criminal justice agency training and assistance is
needed, the Office of Justice Programs and the Department of Justice would be
a likely contact. This book is written by topic, so that several persons working
as a team can explore resources in each of several areas, and they can report
their findings back to an interdisciplinary working group.

What is most important in looking for resources?

Initially, planning, coordination and technical assistance are important for getting
new programs started--but then it is important to move ahead to
implementation. Most program developers value flexibility and lack of red tape
in getting resources. The prospect of long term funding and planned program
stability is identified as a priority for most agencies. Most start-up grants from
federal sources and private foundations do not offer funding beyond three
years. From the beginning, there must be a plan to collect data and information
and work with state and local agencies toward long term funding. Long term
funding is attainable when programs are integrated with community agencies. So
partnering with potential long-term funders (state and local agencies with
appropriated funding in this area) is a priority for most programs.

About the Key Federal Agencies

Where can one find funding resources for mother-child programs?

There are very few federal programs with funding earmarked for children of
offenders or female offenders in the community. Most existing programs have
received some assistance through governmental resources at the state and local
level such as community corrections acts or substance abuse and mental health
block grants. Such governmental resources are publicly supported activities
offered through grants or cooperative agreements by localities (cities,
municipalities and counties) and states. 

Which agencies are most critical to the work of mother-child programs?

Some agencies such as the U.S. Department of Justice have taken an interest in
this field and others are newly assessing how they can assist female offenders in
the community. Some may be poised for action and others need to be
persuaded that they can contribute to program success. The following are
examples of recent developments in this field that program planners should find
helpful.

o The Department of Justice has taken an interest in the mother-child field by
supporting the effort of this Mother-Child Community Corrections Project, and
through other efforts at the National Institute of Justice, National Institute of
Corrections, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. 
o Most of the federal support for child development, health and social services
is available through the Department of Health and Human Services and its many
branches that fund discretionary, block and categorical programs, research and
technical assistance.
o Assistance for employment and welfare-to-work programs is available
through the Department of Labor, particularly the Employment and Training
Administration.
o The Department of Agriculture, through its Extension Service, offers a variety
of informational programs on nutrition, child development and parent education
as well as subsidies and grants in these areas.
o The Department of Education has a wide array of assistance programs for
schools and at-risk youth as well as education assistance for Pell Grants and
education for mothers. These may be tapped through existing community
providers or special programs for young children and their mothers. 
o The Department of Housing and Urban Development has programs that fund
transitional housing, housing for homeless, and housing-plus care for special
populations.

Basic research and contact information for each of these agencies is in the
accompanying table. The letters "TA" indicate technical assistance and "Re"
indicate the availability of research or ongoing research.. A dollar sign ($)
indicates potential funding for program, education, housing, or employment
activities. These categories can change each year, so inquiry should be made
through a website search and by calling agency contacts with questions. Most
agency websites include e-mail contact addresses for quick responses on an
inquiry. 

----------------------------

U.S. Department of Agriculture--$, TA
The department's Cooperative Extension Service program, CYFERNET,
focuses on meeting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual needs of
children and families. Funds nutrition and Women in Community Service
programs.

http://www.usda.gov/news/howto/howto.html

U.S. Department of Education--$, TA
The department has an information branch known as OERI. Users can access
an electronic bulletin board by calling 800-222-4922. Funds special education,
youthful offenders, early childhood, and Pell Grants.

U.S. Department of Education
400 Maryland Avenue, SW
Washington, D.C. 20202
800-USA-LEARN
http:// www.ed.gov/offices/OERI/
E-mail: customerservice@inet.ed.gov.www.ed.gov

U.S. Department of Justice--$, TA
The department's Office of Justice Programs has several branches that provide
grants, technical assistance and information. They are the: Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Bureau of
Justice Statistics, National Institute of Corrections, Corrections Program Office,
Drug Court Office, Office of Victims of Crimes, and Violence Against Women
Office.

Office of Justice Programs
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-5911
202-307-2093 (Fax)
800-851-3420 (information)
http:// www.usdoj.org 
E-mail: askjj@ojjdp.usdoj.ncjrs.gov 
E-mail questions to: askncjrs@aspensys.com

U. S. Department of Health and Human Services--$, TA
The department awards a variety of grants for programs to assist children and
mothers. This site is helpful for developing information about different health and
human services agencies that include: solicitations and block grants, research,
and evaluation grants in the areas of Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services, Head Start, Children's Bureau.

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
Hubert H. Humphrey Building
200 Independence Avenue SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-7858
http://www.hhs.gov

National Institute of Corrections--$, TA
The institute operates a technical assistance program. There are experts in jails,
prisons, community corrections, gender specific programming and special
projects. NIC provides limited technical assistance to improve offender
programming and job placement. Funds special projects concerning children of
offenders. 

National Institute of Corrections Information Center
1860 Industrial Circle
Longmont, Colorado 80501
800-877-1461
More information: NIC Community Corrections Division, 800-995-6423.
http://www.nicic.org

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development--$ 
The department provides funding for homeless families and persons with
disabilities. It also provides access to economic development, housing for ex-
offenders and rural housing. HUD operates through field offices listed on its
web site.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Policy Development and Research
451 7th Street SW Room 8100
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-1600
http://www.hud.gov

U.S. Department of Labor-$
The department has a number of specific programs that serve female offenders
in the community, such as welfare-to-work and the One Stop program. Funds
agencies that help with employment, training, and moving from Welfare to
Work.

Department of Labor
Frances Perkins Building
200 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20210
http://www.dol.gov

----------------------------

About State and Local Resources

State and local governments provide an array of resources including financial
assistance, help with technical assistance and public education information.
Through internet sites with links to state and local justice information, program
planners can access the various possibilities for program assistance. A few of
the helpful sources related to state and local interests include the following
contacts.

Funding for mother-child programs can come through community corrections
act funding at the state level as it does in Indiana and Minnesota. In North
Carolina the state Human Services appropriation contains a line item for
mother-child funding to local programs. In California, program funding has been
available through a diversion program authorized by the state legislature. State
or regional contacts for community corrections funding or website references
for other agencies are listed in the topical sections.

----------------------------

Council of State Governments provides information, research and analysis of
state laws, trends and criminal justice system developments.

Council of State Governments
2760 Research Park Drive
Lexington, KY 40578-1910
606-244-8203 
http://www.csg.org
E-mail: appa@csg.org

Innovation Groups aims to help those working in local governments network
with each other for the mutual benefit of their regions.

The Innovation Groups
P.O. Box 16645
Tampa, FL 33687
813-622-8484
813-644-0051
http://www.ig.org
E-mail: ig.org@mindspring.com
National Association of Counties provides information to county elected
officials in human services, youth and justice areas.

National Association of Counties
440 First Street NW, Eighth Floor
Washington, DC 20001
202-393-6226
202-393-2630 (fax)
http://www.naco.org

National Conference of State Legislatures provides studies, technical assistance
and publications concerning sentencing, offenders and correctional issues.

National Conference of State Legislatures
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20001
202-624-5400
202-737-1069 (fax)
http://www.ncsl.org

National Criminal Justice Association provides legislative updates, analysis and
research for state and local policy makers in the area of criminal justice planning
and program development.

National Criminal Justice Association
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 608
Washington, DC 20001
202-624-1440
202-508-3859 (fax)
http://www.sso.org/ncj

The National Governor's Association provides information and assistance to
state leaders in the criminal justice and human services fields.

National Governor's Association
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 608
Washington, DC 2001
202-624-5360
http://www.nga.org

Piper Resources gives links to state and local government web sites as well as
links to national organizations concerned with local issues.

Piper Resources
http://www.piperinfo.com/state/index.cfm

State and Local Government on the Web (U. Of Michigan Documents Center)
contains links to many online and print resources related to state and local
governments.

State and Local Government on the Web
http://www.lib.umich.edu/libhome/Documents.center/state.html

----------------------------

About Public and Private Resources

Federal government efforts in these areas increasingly have involved
universities, non-profit associations and other technical assistance providers in
developing networks and consortia. Consequently, the line between public and
private resources has blurred somewhat and many of the programs described
herein are a blend of the two spheres. Additionally, many of the programs are
block grants that go to states and localities through formulas or by other criteria.
They generally are administered at the state and local levels through designated
contacts. Such grants usually require matching funds. Most grant program web
sites post phone numbers for obtaining a list of state contacts with respect to a
particular program. 

About Publications

What publications are available?

There are a variety of print and online documents that provide information
about governmental funding. The following are among those that are most
readily available.

o Directory of Government Documents Collections and Librarians
American Library Association
Bethesda, MD
http://www.ala.org

o Federal Grants and Contracts Weekly
Capitol Publications
1101 King Street, Suite 444
Alexandria, VA 22314
800-655-5597
http://www.grantscape.com

o Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
General Services Administration
800-669-8331
http://www.hud.gov/cfda/cfda.html

o The Government Printing Office disseminates most information through the
Superintendent of documents. It includes a website known as GPO Access that
includes the Federal Register and the Congressional Record as well as federal
agency web links and a bulletin board. The website is
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/
For more information you can call the Federal Register at 202-512-1800.

o Government Information Locator Service (GILS) is a web site that provides
information about government agency data and files that are not on centralized
sources. The GILS system provides a more in-depth research tool for federal
information than do individual agency sites.
http://www.access.gpo.gov/su_docs/gils/gils.html

o Government Assistance Almanac 
J. Robert Dumouchel 
Omnigraphics, Inc
Detroit, MI
ISBN:0780803531

o Guide to Federal Funding for Governments and Nonprofits
Charles J. Edwards and James V. Shuster, Eds.
Government Information Services
4301 North Fairfax Dr., Suite 875
Arlington, VA 22203-1627
800-876-0226
http://www.grantsandfunding.com

o National Technical Information Service (NTIS) is a repository of government
funded documents and research.
http://www.fedworld.gov

o Using Government Information Sources: Print and Electronic, 2nd Edition,
1994
Jean L. Sears and Marilyn K. Moody
Oryx Press, Phoenix, AZ
http://www.oryxpress.com

About General Internet Search Engines

Throughout this monograph there are hundreds of websites with specific and
general information on participants and program staff involved in Mother-Child
Community Corrections. As a point of departure, here are a number of
commercial search websites that can provide specific searches. 

o Google Search
http://www.google.com

o Yahoo!
http://www.yahoo.com

o Lycos
http://www.lycos.com

o Netscape
http://www.netscape.com

o AltaVista 
http://www.altavista.com

o DogPile
http://www.dogpile.com

----------------------------

III. Resources for Child and Parent Development

This chapter is an introduction to public, educational and private resources
related to child development and parenting. Such resources include: 

1. statistical information, useful in writing grants, proposals and analyzing
problems;
2. technical assistance networks and training providers; 
3. funding information concerning grants and other support; 
4. information exchanges and networks; 
5. advocacy; and 
6. services, experts, curricula and training available. 

Because most mother-child programs start with services to the mother and
expand them to their children, accessing children's resources can be more
elusive for new programs than getting assistance for adult community
correctional services for the parent. Grant and proposal guidelines require
writers to show an understanding of the problems affecting offender mothers
and their children such as the following questions.

Why focus on both the child and the mother?

Research indicates that parental involvement as an advocate in the child's
upbringing, education and development, is one of the strongest predictors of
resiliency of the child. It has long been recognized that children benefit from
having a healthy and continued relationship with their mother whether or not the
mother is the custodial parent. Under the Adoption and Safe Families Act of
1997 (ASFA) P.L.105-89 safety, reunification with the parent, and
permanency of child custody are primary goals. ASFA accelerates time frames
for reunifying an offender mother with her children at the same time that the
parent may have been separated from her child due to incarceration. (see Philip
Genty, " Permanency Planning in the Context of Parental Incarceration: Legal
Issues and Recommendations," Child Welfare, September/October 1998, 543-
559; and Ann Metcalf Craig "Meeting the Needs of Children of Incarcerated
Parents," Child Law Practice, August, 1998, American Bar Association's
Center on Children and the Law.)

Research indicates that women under criminal justice supervision have the same
concerns, desires and affection for their children as others. The challenge is that
by virtue of breaking the law, they have potentially interrupted their ability to
parent, retain custody and intervene as the primary figure in the upbringing of
their children. Obviously, such difficulties make it harder to maintain family
bonds and the children suffer trauma as a consequence. Avoiding child trauma
is an important issue to consider in designing programs.

Grants should address the fact that the level of parenting skills of offender
mothers may vary considerably. Many of them may have come from unstable
family environments, lived in group or foster homes and experienced a
tumultuous upbringing. Improved parenting and cognitive skills provide the basis
for single female parents to seek help. 

What can MCCC programs do to resolve difficult child and parent issues?

Every aspect of the mother-child relationship should be considered when
planning for mother-child programs. They range from pregnancy and post-
partum arrangements to planning for visits and permanent placements for
children who are not living with their mothers. It is important to create a safe
and nurturing environment for families. Staff recruitment and training should
consider parent skills, socialization skills, child development, nutrition, health
and mental hygiene. Decisions on child care, parent supervision of their
children, and staff involvement will be critical to program success.

In the area of child development there are a number of support networks for
both parents and professionals. These networks focus on specific techniques
and skills, information sharing, advocacy, public policy and parent/professional
support. Additionally there are groups that provide research, professional
development, testing, planning and child services support in the development
areas. Some of these are listed in the tables below.

General Government and Educational Resources 

The United States Government has several agencies that provide assistance
concerning child development issues. They include the U.S. Department of
Justice, Department of Education, Department of Agriculture, Department of
Health and Human Services, and Housing and Urban Development. The
Department of Justice offers a clearinghouse, library, statistics and grants
related to prevention of juvenile delinquency through the Office of Justice
Programs.

Where can you get started at the Department of Education? 

The Department of Education's website provides research, funding, and
publications with a focus on students, learning and education. A directory lists
resources and services by topic. The research section has topics on at-risk
students, children at risk, character education, civil rights, as well as guides for
parents and consumers. The Student Financial Assistance section is helpful to
mothers who need financial help. Under the Safe and Drug Free Schools
Program, grants are awarded to schools and other programs that serve
preschoolers and school age children. 

----------------------------

The Department of Education--$, TA has an information and Consumers
Branch known as OERI. An electronic bulletin board operates by calling 800-
222-4922. This web site lists funding opportunities posted in the Commerce
Business Daily and Federal Register. Funding for MCCC programs relates to
the link to the Student Financial Assistance web site. It also provides for early
childhood grants and funding.

U.S. Department of Education
400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20202
800-USA-Learn 
Email: customerservice@inet.ed.gov.www.ed.gov/

National Library of Education 
555 New Jersey Avenue NW 
Washington, D.C.20208-5721
800-424-1616
Questions can be e-mailed to Library@inet.ed.gov 
http://www.ed.gov/offices/OERI/.

How does the Department of Agriculture provide assistance? 

The U.S. Department of Agriculture Cooperative Extension Service program,
CYFERNET, focuses on meeting the physical, emotional, social and intellectual
needs of children and families. For program planners who are in need of help
with fatherhood issues, the CYFERNET hosts the site FatherNet. Community
based programs can use this website to help find funding, experts, and
instruments for program evaluation. It also lists thousands of community-based
programs serving at-risk persons.

----------------------------

Mother-child programs can tap resources in their own states through the United
States Department of Agriculture--$, TA. A good place to start is to check out
how to get information from the USDA.

http://www.usda.gov/news/howto/howto.htm

The Extension Service--$ provides newsletters, training, publication on
childcare, education and a wide variety of skills related to child health and
nutrition. Grants for multicultural education, nutrition, rural, agricultural, and
other programs are posted on this web site.

Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Washington, DC 20250-0900
202-720-3029
202-690-0289 (fax)
http://www.reeusda.gov/

The CYFERNET web page--TA helps parents meet their children's needs and
seeks to help communities across the nation. This web page includes listings of
Land Grant Universities that provide research, technical assistance and events
of interest to children, their caregivers and professionals. 

CYFERNET 
612-626-1111
http://www.cyfernet.org/
E-mail:cyftalk@extension.umn.edu

The USDA--$ provides funding for child nutrition programs that some program
planners have used. 

U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Services
Child Nutrition Division
3101 Park Center Drive Room 1006
Alexandria, VA 22302
703-305-2590
202-307-2093 (fax)
http://www.fns.usda.gov

----------------------------

What types of assistance for youth is available from the Justice Department?

The U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention has a number of funding program options in the area of delinquency
prevention and youth at risk. Additionally, the National Institute of Corrections
has a Children of Offenders program described in Chapter II. More Justice
Programs are also described in Chapter IX.

----------------------------

The OJJDP--$, TA offers challenge grants for states that receive formula
grants, drug-free community support grants, juvenile mentoring program grants,
and the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants Program. Technical
assistance, training, internships and other assistance are available through the
OJJDP.

U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-5911
Fax: 202-307-2093
http://www.ojjdp.usdoj.org
Email: askjj@ojjdp.usdoj.ncjrs.gov

The National Criminal Justice Reference Service--TA, Re will help research
and find information pertaining to adult and juvenile justice. You may call with
questions or email them. A clearinghouse of criminal justice statistics is available
through the BJS Clearinghouse at the NCJRS. 

Call 800-732-3277 for information 
E-mail questions to askncjrs@aspensys.com

----------------------------

What is available for families through Housing and Urban Development
(HUD)?

Although HUD does not directly fund programs for mothers and children, there
are a number of public housing initiatives funded by HUD that deal with
homeless and other transitional families. Most funding will come through your
regional housing authority or other housing/social services providers.

----------------------------

The U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development--$ provides
assistance to states and localities and private agencies by developing programs
for the homeless and families in need. Program planners must work with their
local field offices and housing authorities to get shelter plus care, long term
housing, or homeless assistance. Field offices are listed on the website.

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
451 7th Street, SW
Washington DC 20410 
202-708-1112
1-800-245-2691
http://www.hud.gov

----------------------------

What are the Child and Parent contacts within the Department of Health and
Human Services?

The Department of Health and Human Services offers grants, research and
technical assistance, enforces laws, provides subsidies and direct services for
under-served populations. The array of funding for healthy start, head start,
funding for maternal and child projects, youth at risk, children of substance
abusers, and other groups listed in the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
is on the website. 

----------------------------

The Department of Health and Human Services--$, TA, Re provides a variety
of grants for children's programs. Grants through the branches of HHS are
described in the Human Services part of this piece. This site is helpful for
developing fact sheets and information about different health and human
services agencies.

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
Hubert H. Humphrey Building
200 Independence Avenue SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-7858
http://www.hhs.gov

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services--Assistant Secretary of Planning and
Evaluation--TA, Re is the principle advisor to the Secretary of HHS on public
policy planning and research analysis. Has an ongoing project reviewing issues
related to families of offenders.

Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation
Hubert H. Humphrey Building
200 Independence Avenue SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-7858
http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov

The Administration for Children and Families, DHHS can be accessed on the
web at http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/ 

Statistical information pertaining to mother-child health can be found at the
National Center for Health Statistics.

The Administration for Children and Families
Mary Switzer Building 
330 C. Street SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-205-8347
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/acyf
E-mail: nchsquery@cdc.gov 

Child Care Bureau, Administration on Children, Youth, and Families, DHHS--
$ is responsible for federal funding for child care to assist low-income families. 

Child Care Bureau
Mary Switzer Building 
330 C. Street SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-6782
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ccb

The Children's Bureau, Department of Health and Human Services--$ of the
Administration for Children and Families focuses on issues of family
preservation, support, foster care, adoption and independent living. Funds state
grants and competitive discretionary grants, as posted on web site and in
Federal Register.

The Children's Bureau
Administration for Children and Families
370 L'Enfant Promenade
Washington, DC 20447
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cb/

Family and Youth Services Bureau, Administration for Children, Youth, and
Families, DHHS--$, TA, Re for services for youth at risk.

Family and Youth Services Bureau
Mary E. Switzer Building 330 C Street SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-205-8085
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/fysb

The Head Start Bureau of the Department of Health and Human Services--$,
TA has provided assistance with Early Head Start programs and other services
to several mother-child programs. Go to "Funding Opportunities" on the web
site for discretionary grants.

Head Start Bureau
Mary E. Switzer Building 330 C Street SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-205-8572
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/hsb

Administration for Developmental Disabilities, DHHS--$, TA, Re gives grants
to projects helping persons with disabilities and develops standards and
provides technical assistance.

Administration for Developmental Disabilities
Hubert H. Humphrey Building
200 Independence Ave, SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-6590
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/add

Child Support Enforcement Office coordinates child support enforcement in the
States by locating absent parents and establishing paternity.

370 L'Enfant Promenade SW
Washington, DC 20447
202-401-9373
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/cse

Family Assistance Office subsidizes children whose parents are absent from the
home, unemployed in some states, disabled, or deceased. It also administers
the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills Training Program.

370 L'Enfant Promenade SW
Washington, DC 20447
202-401-9275
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ofa

Maternal and Child Health Bureau , Health Resources and Services
Administration--$, RE, TA provides resources to improve the health of mothers
and children through a variety of programs including perinatal, child, adolescent,
special needs children and research.

Maternal and Child Health Bureau
Parklawn Building
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-2194
http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov

----------------------------

Department of Health and Human Services Regional Directors

The mother-child program planners who are seeking funding from DHHS
should contact their regional directors for information about funding availability
in their location. The DHHS coordinates its policies through the
intergovernmental regional offices listed below. Regional offices may be able to
point out specific initiatives where funding may be available in a region.

Region I 

Judith Kurland
John F. Kennedy Federal Building
Government Center - Room 2100
Boston, MA 02203
Office: (617) 565-1500
Fax: (617) 565-1491

Areas: CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT 

Region II 

Alison E. Greene
Jacob K. Javits Federal Building
26 Federal Plaza - Room 3835
New York, NY 10278
Office: (212) 264-4600
Fax: (212) 264-3620 Areas: NJ, NY, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands 

Region III 

Kevin Vaughan
The Public Ledger Building
150 South Independence
Mall West - Suite 436
Philadelphia, PA 19106-3499
Office: (215) 861-4633
Fax: (215) 861-4625 

Areas: DE, DC, MD, PA, VA, WV 

Region IV 

Ann Rosewater
Atlanta Federal Center
61 Forsyth Street, Room 5B95
Atlanta, GA 30303-8909
Office: (404) 562-7888
Fax: (404) 562-7899 

Areas: AL, FL, GA, KY, MS, NC, SC, TN 

Region V 

Suzanne Krohn (Acting)
233 North Michigan Avenue, Suite 1300
Chicago, IL 60601
Office: (312) 353-5160/5132
Fax: (312) 353-4144 

Areas: IL, IN, MI, MN, OH, WI 

Region VI 

Christine Hernandez
1301 Young Street, Suite 1124
Dallas, TX 75202
Office: (214) 767-3301
Fax: (214) 767-3617 

Areas: AR, LA, NM, OK, TX 

Region VII 

Kathleen Steele
601 East 12th Street, Room 210
Kansas City, MO 64106
Office: (816) 426-2821
Fax: (816) 426-2178

Areas: IA, KS, MO, NE 

Region VIII 

Paul Denham (Acting)
1961 Stout Street, Room 1076
Denver, CO 80294
Office: (303) 844-3372
Fax: (303) 844-4545 

Areas: CO, MT, ND, SD, UT, WY 

Region IX 

Catherine Dodd
Federal Office Building, Room 431
50 United Nations Plaza
San Francisco, CA 94102
Office: (415) 437-8500
Fax: (415) 437-8505

Areas: AZ, CA, HI, NV, Guam, Pacific Islands, American Samoa 

Region X 

Richard C. Kelley, Ph.D.
2201 6th Avenue, Room 911F
Mail Stop - RX-0
Seattle, WA 98121
Office: (206) 615-2010
Fax: (206) 615-2087 

Areas: AK, ID, OR, WA 

State Departments of Education

Mother-child programs often lack the resources for early childhood
development and must reach out to existing programs in their communities for
assistance. A few MCCC programs have developed their own preschool or
day care. The following agencies provide information about early childhood
development resources in their states. Among them are funding information
concerning Head Start Programs, Public Preschools, and Project Even Start,
and a new literacy program for families in poverty. Many of the sites have
information about child nutrition programs, parent resources and educational
assistance. In addition, the websites provide information about educational
research, student demographics, testing, literacy, teachers, schools and state
budgets. Program developers can find sources of information about accessing
preschool, head start and other similar programs for young children. 

Many state Departments of Education are also important sources of information
for elementary, secondary, special education and adult education programs
discussed in Chapter 5. They highlight ways to access free or low-cost
educational options, special assistance and federal funding coming through the
state to localities, agencies and organizations.

Alabama Department of Education
Gordon Persons Office Building
50 North Ripley Street
PO Box 302102
Montgomery, AL 36130-2101
334-242-9700
334-242-9708 (fax)
http://www.alsde.edu/ver1

Alaska Department of Education and Early Development
Suite 200
801 West 10th Street
Juneau, AK 99801-1894
907-465-2800
907-465-2800 (TTY)
907-465-4156 (fax)
http://www.eed.state.ak.us

Arizona Department of Education
1535 West Jefferson
Phoenix, AZ 85007
602-542-5460
800-352-8400
602-542-5440 (fax)
http://www.ade.state.az.us

Arkansas Department of Education
General Edition Division
Room 304 A
Four State Capitol Mall
Little Rock, AR 72201-1071
501-682-4204
501-682-1079 (fax)
http://www.arkedu.state.ar.us

California Department of Education
Second Floor 
721 Capitol Mall
Sacramento, CA 95814
916-657-2451
916-657-2682
http://www.cde.ca.gov

Colorado Department of Education
201 East Colfax Avenue
Denver, CO 80203-1704
303-866-6600
303-830-0793 (fax)
http://www.cde.state.co.us

Connecticut Department of Education
Room 305
State Office Building
165 Capitol Avenue
Hartford, CT 06106-1080
860-566-5061
860-556-8964 (fax)
http://www.state.ct.us/sde

Delaware Department of Education
John G. Townsend Building
PO Box 1402
Federal and Lockerman Suites
Dover, DE 19903-1402
302-739-4601
302-739-4654 (fax)
http://www.doe.state.de.us

District of Columbia Public Schools
Union Square
825 North Capitol Street NE
Washington, DC 20002
202-724-4222
202-442-5026 (fax)
http://www.k12.dc.us/dcps.home.html

Florida Department of Education
Room PL 08
Capitol Building
Tallahassee, FL 32399-0400
850-487-1785
850-413-0378 (fax)
http://www.firn.edu/doe/index.html

Georgia Department of Education
2054 Twin Towers East
Atlanta, GA 30334-5001
404-656-2800
800-311-3627 (toll free for GA residents only)
404-651-6867 (fax)
http://www.doe.k12.ga.us/index.asp

Hawaii Department of Education
1390 Miller Street
Honolulu, HI 96813
808-586-3310
808-586-3320 (fax)
http://www.k12.hi.us

Idaho Department of Education
Len B. Jordan Office Building
650 West State Street
PO Box 83720
Boise, ID 83720-0027
208-332-6800 
800-432-4601 (toll free for ID residents only)
800-377-3529 (TTY)
208-334-2228 (fax)
http://www.sde.state.id.us/Dept

Illinois State Board of Education
100 North First Street
Springfield, IL 62777
217-782-1900
217-524-4928 (fax)
http://www.isbe.net

Indiana Department of Education
State House, Room 229
Indianapolis, IN 46204-2798
317-232-6665
317-232-8004 (fax)
http://www.doe.state.in.us

Iowa Department of Education
Grimes State Office Building
East 14th and Grand Streets
Des Moines, IA 50319-0146
515-281-3436
515-281-4122 (fax)
http://www.state.ia.us/educate

Kansas Department of Education
500 Mero Street 
Frankfort, KY 40601
502-564-4770
800-533-5372 (toll free for KY residents only)
502-564-4770 (fax)
http://www.kde.state.ky.us

Louisiana Department of Education
626 North Fourth Street
PO Box 94064
Baton Rouge, LA 70704-9064
225-342-4411
877-453-2721
225-342-7316 (fax)
http://www.doe.state.la.us

Maine Department of Education
23 State House Station
Augusta, ME 0433-0023
207-287-5800
207-287-2550 (TTY)
207-287-5802 (fax)
http://www.janus.state.me.us/education/homepage.htm

Maryland Department of Education
200 West Baltimore Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
410-767-0462
410-333-6033 (fax)
http://www.msde.state.md.us

Massachusetts Department of Education
Educational Improvement Group
350 Main Street
Malden, MA 02148
781-338-3000
800-439-2370
781-338-3395 (fax)
http://www.doe.mass.edu

Michigan Department of Education
Hannah Building
Fourth Floor
608 West Allegan Street
Lansing, MI 48933
517-373-3324
517-335-4565
http://www.mde.state.mi.us

Minnesota Department of Children, Families, and Learning
1500 Highway 36 West
Roseville, MN 55113-4266
651-582-8200
651-582-8201 (TTY)
651-582-8727 (fax)
http://cfl.state.mn.us

Mississippi State Department of Education
Suite 365
359 North West Street
Jackson, MS 39201
601-359-3513
601-359-3242 (fax)
http://www.mde.k12ms.us

Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
PO Box 480
Jefferson City, MO 65102-0480
573-751-4212
800-735-2966 (TTY)
573-751-8613 (fax)
http://www.dese.state.mo.us

Montana Office of Public Instruction
PO Box 202501
Helena, MT 59620-2501
406-444-2082
800-231-9393 (toll free for MT residents only)
406-444-3924
http://www.metnet.state.mt.us

Nebraska Department of Education
700 East Fifth Street
Carson City, NV 89701
775-687-9141
775-687-9101 (fax)
http://www.nsn.k12.nv.us/nvdoe

New Hampshire Department of Education
101 Pleasant Street
State Office Park South
Concord, NH 03301
603-271-3144
800-339-9900 
800-735-2964 (TTY)
603-271-1953 (fax)
http://www.ed.state.nh.us

New Jersey Department of Education
PO Box 500
100 Riverview Place
Trenton, NJ 08625-0500
609-292-4469
609-777-4099 (fax)
http://www.state.nj.us/education

New Mexico State Department of Education
Education Building
300 Don Gaspar
Santa Fe, NM 87501-2786
505-827-6516
505-827-6541 (TTY)
505-827-6696 (fax)
http://www.sde.state.nm.us

New York Education Department
Education Building
Room 111
89 Washington Avenue
Albany, NY 12234
518-474-5844
518-473-4909 (fax)
http://www.nysed.gov

North Carolina Department of Public Instruction
Education Building
301 North Wilmington Street
Raleigh, NC 27601-2825
919-715-1299
919-715-1278 (fax)
http://www.ncpublicschools.org

North Dakota Department of Public Construction
11th Floor
Department 201
600 East Boulevard Avenue
Bismarck, ND 58505-0440
701-328-2260
703-328-2461 (fax)
http://www.dpi.state.nd.us

Ohio Department of Education
25 South Front Street
Columbus, OH 43215-4183
877-644-6338
614-752-3956 (fax)
http://www.ode.state.oh.us

Oklahoma State Department of Education
2500 North Lincoln Boulevard
Oklahoma City, OK 73105-4599
405-521-3301
405-521-6205 (fax)
http://sde.state.ok.us

Oregon Department of Education
255 Capitol Street, NE
Salem, OR 97310-0203
503-378-3569
503-378-2892 (TTY)
503-373-7968 (fax)
http://www.ode.state.or.us

Pennsylvania Department of Education
10th Floor
333 Market Street
Harrisburg, PA 17126-0333
717-787-5820
717-787-7222 (fax)
http://www.pde.state.pa.us

Rhode Island Department of Elementary and Secondary Education
255 Westminster Street
Providence, RI 02903-3400
401-222-4600
800-745-5555
401-222-4044 (fax)
http://www.ridoe.net

South Carolina Department of Education
1006 Rutledge Building
1429 Senate Street
Columbia, SC 29201
803-734-8492
803-734-3389 (fax)
http://www.sde.state.sc.us/sde

South Dakota Department of Education and Cultural Affairs
700 Governors Drive
Pierre, SD 57501-2291
605-773-6302
605-773-6139 (fax)
http://www.state.sd.us/deca

Tennessee State Department of Education
Andrew Johnson Tower, Sixth Floor
710 James Robertson Parkway
Nashville, TN 37243-0375
615-741-2731
615-532-4791 (fax)
http://www.state.tn.us/education

Texas Education Agency
William B. Travis Building
1701 North Congress Avenue
Austin, TX 78701-1494
512-463-9734
512-463-9008 (fax)
http://www.tea.state.tx.us

Utah State Office of Education
250 East 500 South
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
801-538-7500
801-538-7501 (fax)
http://www.usoe.k12.ut.us

Vermont Department of Education
120 State Street
Montpelier, VT 05620-2501
802-828-3147
802-828-2755 (TTY)
802-828-3140 (fax)
http://www.state.vt.us/educ

Virginia Department of Education
PO Box 2120
Richmond, VA 23218-2120
804-225-2020
800-292-3820 (toll free for VA residents only)
804-371-2455 (fax)
http://www.pen.k12.va.us/go/VDOE

Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (Washington)
Old Capitol Building
600 South Washington
PO Box 47200
Olympia, WA 98504-7200
360-586-6904
360-664-3631 (TTY)
360-753-6712 (fax)
http://www.k12.wa.us

West Virginia Department of Education
Building 6
1900 Kanawha Boulevard East
Charleston, WV 25305-0330
304-558-0304
304-558-2584 (fax)
http://wvde.state.wv.us

Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction
125 South Webster Street
PO Box 7841
Madison, WI 53707-7841
608-266-3108
800-441-4563 
608-267-2427 (TTY)
608-267-1052 (fax)
http://www.dpi.state.wi.us

Wyoming Department of Education
Second Floor
2300 Capitol Avenue
Cheyenne, WI 82002
307-777-7675
307-777-6221 (TTY)
307-777-6234 (fax)
http://www.k12.wy.us

Educational support services

There are many web sites that address child development, educational needs,
childcare, parenting, nutrition, professional development, health and spirituality.
Here are a few examples:

Childcare and Parenting

Most mother-child programs consider childcare arrangements to be part of the
program. Some programs provide in-house day care while the mothers are in
treatment, education or work programs. Others arrange for childcare at local
daycare centers, preschools or home providers. Programs that do not provide
assistance with childcare or require the mother to have constant custody will not
be flexible enough to meet mother-child needs. Providers can get information
about childcare from a variety of sources. The following provide a wide variety
of subjects, assistance and contacts. The Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse,
sponsored by the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, maintains a comprehensive database of information.

----------------------------

National Association for Child Advocates works to support state and local
child advocacy organizations.

National Association for Child Advocates
1522 K. Street, NW
Suite 600
Washington, DC 20005-1202
202-289-0777
202-289-0776
http://www.childadvocacy.org
E-mail: naca@childadvocacy.org

National Association for the Education of Young Children (or National
Academy of Early Childhood Program) is an organization that works for and
with people in the education field to improve the quality of instruction and
teaching conditions for instructors and children through the third grade.

National Association for the Education of Young Children 
1509 16th St., NW
Washington, DC 20036-1425
1-800-424-2460
202-232-8777
202-328-1846 (fax)
http://www.naeyc.org/ 

The National Head Start Association provides information, technical assistance,
training and career development for those who are developing early childhood
education programs.

National Head Start Association
1651 Prince Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-739-0875
703-739-0878 (fax)

The National Network for Childcare contains information for parents,
education professionals, and parent educators. Network discussion group and
funding links will help community corrections providers contact experts in their
region. The consortium links providers with early childhood, school age, teen,
research and evaluation experts located at land grant universities across the
country.

National Network for Childcare
ADEC Distance Consortium
C218 Animal Science
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Lincoln, NE 68583-0952
402-472-7000
http://www.exnet.iastate.edu/Pages/nncc
E-mail: nncc@exnet.iastate.edu

The Juvenile Justice Resource Center provides professionals and volunteers
who work with children in the area of parenting with a cross-reference of nine
federal agencies. Although much of the focus is on parenting, the site includes
youth development, child care, education, family focus, health and safety, after
school activities, and resources.

Parenting Resources for the 21st Century
Juvenile Justice Resource Center
2277 Research Blvd.
Rockville, MD 20850
http://www.parentingresources.ncjrs.org
E-mail: parentingresources@ncjrs.org

----------------------------

Private and Specialized Resources

Foundations, non-profit and for-profit organizations provide help concerning
parenting. There are various curricula, training and approaches to parenting that
can be considered through internet websites. It is a good place to look for
assistance that fits your particular mother-child programs.

----------------------------

American Bar Association's Center on Children and the Law works to improve
the quality of representation for children and families in the justice system. The
website has articles on the Adoption and Safe Families Act, Permanency
Planning, and child custody issues.

ABA Center on Children and the Law
740 15th Street, NW, 10th Floor
Washington, DC 20005-1009
202-662-1740
202-602-1755 (fax)
http://www.abanet.org/child/home.html
E-mail: ctrchildlaw@abanet.org

The Center for Effective Parenting presents information on parenting skills.
Program planners will find information about training parents and other
professionals who work with children, improving research and service to
families and communities. The Center is supported by a grant from the U.S. 
Department of Education.

Department of Pediatrics, # 512
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
800 Marshall Street
Little Rock, AR 72202
501-320-7580,
501-320-4967 (fax)
http://www.parenting-ed.org/parents.htm

The Colorado Parent Information and Resource Center has designed a page
with a wide array of information, links and research for building skills of
mother-child program participants. The information listed contains multicultural
resources, including those in other languages, tips for parents and teachers,
training and information about events in Colorado. The index of research linking
parent involvement in their child's education is particularly noteworthy. 

Colorado Parent Information and Resource Center
Center for Human Investment Policy
1445 Market St., Suite 350
Denver, CO 80202
Phone: 303-820-5624
303-820-5656 (fax)
http://www.cpirc.org
E-mail: hn4804@handsnet.org

National Association of Protection & Advocacy Systems assumes leadership in
promoting and strengthening the role and performance of its members in
providing quality legally based advocacy services. 

Nat. Assoc. of Protection & Advocacy System
900 Second Street NE, Suite 211
Washington, DC 20002
TDD 202-408-9521
http://www.protectionandadvocacy.com/
E-mail: HN4537@handsnet.org

National Parent Information Network is part of the Eric Clearinghouse and
provides information on parenting, links, and research. The Network publishes
Parent News with articles of interest to teachers, parents, childcare workers
and others in who are involved with young children.

Eric Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education 
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
51 Gerty Drive Champaign, Il 61820-7469
217-333-1386
800-583-4135 
Fax: 217-333-3767
http://npin.org/
Email: nmpin@uiuc.edu

Positive ParentThing is a website sponsored by the International Network for
Children and Families, promoting "Redirecting Children's Behavior." The
program has lists of trainers from various states, as well as newsletters, articles,
discussion groups and Spanish language information.

Positive Parent Thing 
http://www.positiveparenting.com 

National Center for Children in Poverty works to disseminate strategies for
combating childhood poverty.

National Center for Children in Poverty
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
154 Haven Ave.
New York, NY 10032
212-304-7100
Fax: 212-544-4200 
http://www.nccp.org

----------------------------

Childcare provider skills and addressing child trauma

Providing quality childcare and helping mothers become better caregivers are
important issues that take substantial expertise and resources. 

----------------------------

The Center for the Childcare Work Force website is designed to improve the
quality of childcare. Issues raised in this piece concern the rights, employment
conditions and training of childcare employees. There are links to training and
other publications, including standards that may become an important guide for
program planners.

Center for the Childcare Work Force
733 15th Street, NW Suite 1037
Washington, DC 2005-2112
800-UR-worthy
202-737-7700
202-737-0370 (fax)
http://www.ccw.org
E-mail: ccw@ccw.org

Child Trauma Home Page offers a list of publications, links, and ways to assess
trauma.

http://www.childtrauma.com

Child Trauma Academy offers free online courses through their university
where users can learn more about child trauma.

http://www.childtrauma.org

Trauma Information Home Page contains trauma links, resources, a Trauma
Bookstore, and support for trauma victims and their caregivers

http://www.trauma-pages.com

The Program for Infant/Toddler Caregivers has developed and made available
a training system for childcare providers in conjunction with the California
Department of Education. 

The Program for Infant/Toddler Caregivers
180 Harbor Drive, Suite 112
Sausalito, CA 94965-1410
415-331-5277
http://web.wested.org/cs/wew/view/pj/195
E-mail: ssigner@wested.org

The Children's Foundation focuses on home-based day care. It also publishes
family child-care training materials and sponsors advocacy groups in the family
child care area.

Children's Foundation
725 15th Street, NW Suite 505
Washington DC 20005-2109
202-347-3382
Fax: 202-347-3382
E-mail: cf_washdc@aol.com
http://www.childrensfoundation.net

The Family Track links page has topics such as human development, parenting
education, relationships, and family resource management, to name a few. This
helps staff in mother-child programs in their work with families.

Family Track 
http://www.familytrack.com

Handsnet is a membership organization specializing in bringing internet
technology to nonprofit organizations. It focuses on those groups that serve
families and children.

Handsnet Training and Resource Center
1990 M Street, NW #550
Washington, D.C. 20036
Voice: 202-872-1111
Fax: 202-872-1245
http://www.handsnet.org/

The NAEYC advocates for improved early childhood education. Its website
focuses on resources for improved practices and working conditions for those
who work in preschools and other related fields. It also features ways to
improve public understanding and support for quality early childhood
education.

National Association for the Education of Young Children
1509 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036-1426
202-232-8777
800-424-2460
202-328-1846 (fax)
http://www.naeyc.org/default.htm
E-mail: pubaff@naeyc.org

WonderWise Parent
Mother-child participants can utilize various parts of this web site, including
instructions on signing up for distance learning on child development. The site
offers a section with activities to help parents think about parenting in different
ways. It also provides addresses to the Kansas State University Cooperative
Extension Service.

WonderWise Parent
http://www.ksu.edu/wwwparent/begin.html

----------------------------

Assistance for offenders and families

----------------------------

Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents strives to end intergenerational
incarceration. CCIP conducts and supplies research and a clearinghouse, offers
education programs, helps reunite families that have been separated due to
incarceration, and offers therapy and counseling for children and parents
affected by imprisonment.

Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents
Post Office Box 41-286
Eagle Rock, CA 90041
626-449-8796
626-449-9001 (fax)
http://www.e-ccip.org

Child Welfare League of America has publications available for professionals
concerning resources, training, legal issues and support for children of
offenders. CWLA serves children at risk and has made a priority of training
professionals and serving children.

Child Welfare League of America
440 First Street NW Third Floor
Washington DC 2001-2085
202-638-2952
202:638-4404 (fax)
http://www.cwla.org

The Family and Corrections Network is an organization serving the families of
offenders. Its website contains information and resources on finding prisoners
and fatherhood organizations that serve the children of incarcerated parents,
programs, and foundations. It also has an e-mail list and a chat room.

Family and Corrections Network (FCN)
Publishers of the FCN Report
32 Oak Grove Road
Palmyra, VA 22963
804-589-3036
804-589-6520 (fax)
http://www.fcnetwork.org

Building resilient families can improve results for female offenders and their
children and the National Network for Family Resiliency website profiles
resources to meet that goal. It includes written information to be used by
families, teens and parents. Look for postings with funding possibilities.

National Network for Family Resiliency
http://www.nnfr.org

----------------------------

Publications and References

All About Change, Kathy Kagy-Taylor and Donna Dansker, 1991, The Aring
Institute of Beech Acres, 6881 Beechmont Ave., Cincinnati, OH, 45230, 513-
231-6630. 

All Kinds of Families, Norma Simon. Albert Whitman & Co., October 1987.
Available through Amazon.com. 

A Visit to the Big House, Oliver Butterworth. Out of print but may be available
in a library.

Because...Somebody Loves Me, Children's Welfare League of America, 1996.

Breaking Out, Barthe Declements, Demco Media, August 1993. Available
through Amazon.com.

Breaking the Cycle of Despair: Children of Incarcerated Mothers, Women's
Prison Association and Home, 1995.

"Brief Strategic Family Therapy: Twenty-Five Years of Interplay Among
Theory, Research and Practice in Adolescent Behavior Problems and Drug
Abuse," J. Szapocznik and R.A. Williams. Clinical Child and Family
Psychology Review, in press.

"Changes in Parenting Practices and Adolescent Drug Abuse During
Multidimensional Family Therapy," S.E. Schmidt, H.A. Liddle, and G.A.
Dakof. Journal of Family Psychology, vol. 10, no. 1, 1996, pp. 12-27.

"Child Custody Issues of Women Prisoners: A Preliminary Report from the
CHICAS Project," D. Johnston. In The Prison Journal 75(2), 1995, pp. 222-
239.

Children of Incarcerated Parents, Katherine Gabel and Denise Johnston, Eds.
1995.

Coping When a Parent is in Jail, John J. La Valle, Rosen Publishing Group,
June 1995. Available through Amazon.com.

"Departures for Family Ties and Responsibilities after Koon," Federal
Sentencing. R., May/June 1997.

Directory of Programs Serving Families of Adult Offenders, James W. Mustin,
ed., 1998, available from the National Institute of Corrections,
http://www.nicic.org, 800-877-1461.

"Family Views in Correctional Programs," Creasie Finney Hairston, PhD,
Encyclopedia of Social Work, 19th Edition, Washington, DC, NASA Press,
1995, pp. 991-996.

"Federal Bureau of Prison's Parenting Program Standards," PS5355.03,
January 20, 1995, www.bop.gov/progstat/53559993.html

The Foster Care Handbook for Incarcerated Parents: A Manual of Your Legal
Rights and Responsibilities, by the Inmate Foster Care Committee, The
Children's Center, Bedford Hills Correctional Facility, Bedford Hills, NY, 914-
241-3100.

Grandparent Caregivers: A National Guide, by the Legal Services for Prisoners
with Children, 100 McAllister, San Francisco, CA 94102, 415-255-7036.

Healing the Whole Family: A Look at Family Care Programs, Mary Lee Allen
and Jamila Larson. Children's Defense Fund, 1998.

Help for Kids! Understanding Your Feelings About Having a Parent in Prison
or Jail, Carole Gesme, MA, CCDP, with consultation from Michele Kopfman.
Write Carole Gesme, 4036 Kerry Court, Minnetonka, MN 53345, 612-938-
9163 or 612-935-2038 (fax) to purchase copies.

Homemade Books to Help Kids Cope: An Easy-to-Learn Technique for
Parents and Professionals, Robert G. Ziegler, M.D., New York: Imagination
Press, 1992. 

How Can I Help? A Three-Volume Series on Serving Special Children, Vol I:
"Working with Children of Incarcerated Parents", Vol. II: "Sustaining &
Enhancing Family Ties", Vol III: "Resources for Supporting the Children of
Incarcerated Parents", developed by the Osborne Association, 135 E. 15th
Street, New York, NY 10003, 212-673-6633. 

If You Have a Parent in Jail, Then This Book is For You, Craig, Kevin,
Josselyn, Alan, Brittney, with Bonnie Ayer and Amy Bigelow, school
counselors at Flynn School, Burlington, VT, 0540, 1996.

Incarcerated Mothers and the Maintenance of Family Ties, The Subcommittee
on Women, Council of the City of New York, City Hall, New York, NY
10007, 212-788-7250, 1996. 

Into the Great Forest: A Story for Children Away from Parents for the First
Time, Irene Wineman Marcus and Paul Marcus, PhD, New York: Magination
Press, 1992. 

The Kissing Hand, Audrey Penn. Child Welfare League of America, 1993.

"Legal Images of Motherhood: Conflicting Definitions of Welfare 'Reform,'
Family, and Criminal Law," Cornell Law Review, 1998, pp. 688, 692-723,
741-61.

"Maternal Ties: A Selection of Programs for Female Offenders," Cynthia Blinn,
ed., 1997, American Correctional Association, 800-222-5646.

"Mentoring--A Proven Delinquency Prevention Strategy," J. Grossman and E.
Garry. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Juvenile Justice
Bulletin, April 1997.

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect, 1997 State Statute
Series, Volume VI, Permanency Planning, p. 91, or go to
www.calib.com/mccanch/services/statutes.htm and click on "Volume VI,
Permanency Planning." 

Let's Talk About When Your Parent is in Jail, Maureen Wittbold, Powerkids
Press, August 1998. Available through Amazon.com.

Manual for Grandparents, Relative Caregivers, and their Advocates, by the
Legal Services for Prisoners with Children, 100 McAllister, San Francisco, CA
94102, 415-255-7036. 

Overcoming the Odds: High Risk Children from Birth to Adulthood, E. Werner
and R.S. Smith. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992.

Parenting from Prison: A Handbook for Incarcerated Mothers, Aid to Children
of Imprisoned Mothers, Inc., 1998.

Parenting from the Inside: Maintaining the Bond, Maud MacArthur, BA, and
Theresa LaBarre, PhD, 1996. To purchase, contact FCI Danbury, Route 37,
Danbury, CT 06811-3099, 203-743-6471. 

"Parenting Programs for Imprisoned Mothers," Irene Glasser, Practicing
Anthropology, Vol. 14, no. 3, Summer 1992.

Partnerships Between Corrections and Child Welfare: Part Two, Collaboration
for Change, the Women's Prison Association & Home, Inc., From Family to
Family, Tools for Rebuilding Foster Care series, 1997, published by the Annie
E. Casey Foundation, 701 Paul Street, Baltimore, MD, 21202, 410-547-
6600, 410-547-6624 (fax), http://www.aecf.org.

"Queenie Peavy," Robert Burch, Viking Press. Available through Amazon.com.

"Resilient Children," E. Werner. In Young Children, 40, 1984, pp. 68-72.

"The Role of Program Quality in Producing Early Childhood Program Benefits,"
E.C. Frede. In The Future of Children, Vol. 5, No. 3, Winter 1995.

The State of America's Children 1992. Children's Defense Fund. Washington,
DC: Author, 1992.

"Stress Resistant Children: The Search for Protective Factors," N. Garmezy. In
J. Stevenson, Ed., Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathy. Oxford:
Pergamon Press, 1984.

"Three Wraparound Models as Promising Approaches," S.K. Goldman and L.
Faw. In B.J. Burns and S.K. Goldman, Eds. Promising Practices in
Wraparound for Children with Serious Emotional Disturbances and Their
Families-Systems of Care: Promising Practices in Children's Mental Health
1998 Series, Volume IV (Washington, DC: Center for Effective Collaboration
and Practice, American Institutes for Research, 1999), pp. 17-33.

Training Manual on Working with Women in the Criminal Justice System, the
Women's Justice Alliance, 1997, c/o Women's Prison Association, 110
Second Avenue, New York, NY 10003, 212-674-1163. 

Two in Every 100: A Special Workbook for Children with a Parent in Prison,
published by Reconciliation Ministries, Inc., P.O. Box 90827, Nashville, TN,
37209, 615-292-6371.

"'What About the Kids?': Parenting Issues in Sentencing," Hon. Patricia M.
Wald, Fed. Sent. R., July/Aug. 1997, originally published in Federal Sentencing
Reporter, Nov/Dec. 1995. 

What Kids Need to Succeed: Proven, Practical Ways to Raise Good Kids, P.
Benson. Minneapolis: Free Spirit Press, 1995.

Why Punish the Children: A Reappraisal of the Children of Incarcerated
Mothers in America, Barbara Bloom and David Steinhart, National Council on
Crime and Delinquency, 1993.

Zachary's New Home: A Story for Foster and Adopted Children, Geraldine
M. Blomquist, MSW and Paul B. Blomquist, New York: Magination Press,
1990. 

----------------------------

IV. Gender, Cultural and Ethnic Diversity Resources

Focusing on Individual Characteristics

This chapter discusses references related to female offenders, their families and
their cultural traditions. A growing body of research indicates that gender and
cultural influences play an important part in rehabilitation of female offenders
and maintaining family bonds and community ties. This part lists public and
private resources that include: 1) statistical information, useful in writing grants,
proposals and analyzing problems; 2) technical assistance networks and training
for providers; 3) funding opportunities; 4) networks and advocacy groups and
5) training, research and special curricula. 

Female and Gender Specific Government and Educational Resources

Many programs start from substance abuse, but those are also male-based.
Because most mother-child programs start with correctional services, they are
based on research from males. Until recently the numbers of women in the
criminal justice system were so low that it was difficult to study program effects
on females. Similarly most existing programs are tested and designed based on
the majority's cultural norms. With the number of women from diverse ethnic
and cultural groups in the justice system increasing each year, it is important to
remember that these programs may not work as well for differing cultural
groups. The challenge is for mother-child programs to apply research- based
principles that take into consideration gender and cultural differences. This
challenge also applies to services for children; accessing children's resources
can be more elusive for new programs than getting assistance for adult
community correctional services for the parent.

----------------------------

Bibliography on Women, Crime and Justice--Re profiles a wide array of
publications and sources that pertain to the development and education of
women.

Institute for Teaching and Research on Women
Towson University 
8000 York Road 
Towson, MD 21252 
410-704-5457 
410-704-3469 (fax)
http://www.towson.edu/users/vanfoss/sokbibad.htm 
E-mail: ncctrw@towson.edu

Correctional Services of Canada--Re has information about programs for
women offenders.

http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/prgrm/fsw/fsw_e.shtml

The Early Childhood Connection--Re provides a range of resources including
gender socialization for parents, program planners, and policymakers. These
resources are grounded in early childhood research including a self-survey of a
woman's work and family stresses. Among papers available are those involving
television and non-sexist literature for young children. 

Early Childhood Connection, The Center for Research on Women 
Wellesley College
106 Central Street
Wellesley MA 02181-8259
1-800- 789-6379 (1-617-283-3892)
http://www.wellesley.edu/WCW/CRW/TECC/home.html 

National Criminal Justice Reference Service--Re Female Offender Documents
are available online through this website. This includes a variety of important
research and articles on female offender programs.

National Criminal Justice Reference Service Female Offender Documents
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/corr.asp?category=44&subcategory=11

The National Institute of Corrections--$, TA, Re provides programs, strategies,
and resources for women offenders, and also related web sites.

NIC Information Center
1860 Industrial Circle, Suite A 
Longmont, Colorado 80501 
(800) 877-1461 or (303) 682-0213 
http://www.nicic.org/services/special/women/default.htm
E-mail: asknicic@nicic.org

Women's Studies Database, University of Maryland--Re is a research database
with links to other women's studies resources.

http://www.inform.umd.edu/EdRes/Topic/WomensStudies/

Women's Studies/Women's Resource Sites--Re is an annotated listing of
websites of resources and information from an academic women's studies
perspective.

http://www-unix.umbc.edu/~korenman/wmst/links.html

----------------------------

Nonprofit and Private Resources for Women

The following organizations and resources relate to women's community
corrections programs. They range from human rights issues to child-care and
health issues. There are a wide variety of resources that can be accessed
through internet web search. Below are sources that provide a variety of types
of assistance.

----------------------------

Amnesty International: investigates and advocates for human rights for female
offenders and others. The site offers specific publications for women as well.

http://www.amnesty-usa.org

Institute for Women's Policy Research promotes improved policies and public
information pertaining to women and their families. They provide reports on the
status of women in the states and have listservs on welfare issues, health and
poverty. 

Institute for Women's Policy Research
1701 L Street, NW, Suite 750
Washington, DC 20036
202-785-5100
http://www.iwpr.org/ 

The National Council for Research on Women provides leadership and a forum
on gender specific issues, and is part of an alliance of women's studies research
and policy centers.

National Council for Research on Women 
11 Hanover Square 
New York, NY 10005 
212-785-7335 Fax: 212-785-7350
ncrw@ncrw.org 
http://www.ncrw.org/

The National Health Resource Center on Domestic Violence provides support
to health care professionals, policy makers and domestic violence advocates.

Family Violence Prevention Fund 
383 Rhode Island St. Suite #304
San Francisco, CA 94103-5133
(415) 252-8900 Fax: (415) 252-8991 
fund@fpvf.org
http://www.fvpf.org/health/

----------------------------

Direct Service Programs

There are a number of programs that provide direct services as well as
technical assistance, training, and advocacy. Community corrections project
developers should note the work of the following organizations.

----------------------------

Girls Incorporated National Resource Center offers a number of projects and
model programs for young females to encourage them in areas such as
academics, math and sports.

Girls Incorporated 
National Resource Center 
441 West Michigan Street 
Indianapolis, IN 46202-3287 
317/634-7546 Fax: 317/634-3024 
http://www.girlsinc.org 

National Women's Law Center, Washington DC provides research and
advocacy work in the areas of female offender issues as well as ethnic, family,
economic security, health, employment, and cultural diversity education by
doing research, litigation, and advocacy.

National Women's Law Center
11 Dupont Circle, Suite 800
Washington, D.C. 20036
(202) 588-5180 Fax: (202) 588-5185
http://www.nwlc.org/

Women in Community Service and Female Offender Programs has programs
for women offenders, including mentors for female inmates.

http://wwww.wics.org/eval.doc

Women's Prison Association assists offenders in the transition to independent
living, providing assessment, court advocacy, counseling, field supervision, job
and housing assistance, and other services.

NYC Women's Prison Association and Home
Hopper Home and Huntington House
110 Second Avenue 
New York, NY 10003 
(212) 674-1163 Fax: (212) 677-1981
http://dpca.state.ny.us/nysdpca/new_york_city/nyc_womens_prison_associatio
n_an.htm

----------------------------

Health and Human Resources Cultural and Diversity Assistance 

Discretionary funding is available from the Department of Education,
Agriculture, Health and Human Services, Office of Civil Rights and other
Agencies. The following list will help locate sources within HHS.

----------------------------

Department of Health and Human Services, Civil Rights Office enforces and
administers a number of laws relating to treatment, rehabilitation, health, and
family violence.

Department of Health and Human Services, Civil Rights Office
Hubert Humphrey Building
220 Independence Ave, SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-619-0403

Administration for Native Americans in the Administration for Children and
Families, DHHS--$, TA, Re serves Native Americans pertaining to social and
economic self-development.

Adm. For Native Americans 
Hubert Humphrey Building
220 Independence Ave, SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-7776
http://www.acf.dhhs.gov/programs/ana

Refugee Resettlement Office in the Administration for Children and Families,
DHHS--$, TA provides cash and medical and social services to refugees,
Cubans, and Haitians who are eligible legalized aliens.

Refugee Resettlement Office
370 L'Enfant Promenade, SW
Washington, DC 20447
202-401-9256

Indian Health Service, DHHS--$,TA provides direct service health services to
1.4 million Native Americans. 

Indian Health Service
Parklawn Building
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857-1000
301-443-1083
http://www.ihs.dhhs.gov

DHHS, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center
for Substance Abuse Prevention, Knowledge Development and Evaluation
Division--$, TA, Re develops and funds programs for offenders and their
children at risk of substance abuse.

Knowledge Development and Evaluation Division, SAMHSA
Rockwall II
5515 Security Lane
Rockville, MD 20852
301-443-9110
http://www.samhsa.gov/csap/index.htm

DHHS, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center
for Mental Health Services--$, TA dedicated to improving treatment,
rehabilitation, prevention for underserved and diverse populations. 

Center for Mental Health Services
Parklawn Building
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-3606
http://www.samhsa.gov/cmhs/cmhs.htm

----------------------------

Other Educational and Federal Agency Diversity Resources

Although many programs have Native American branches, there are few
branches dedicated to cultural diversity and ethnic resources. The following
provides an overview of some branches that planners should know about.

----------------------------

This desk within the Office of Justice Programs--$, TA assists Native American
and tribal groups with grants and assistance within the Department of Justice
Program. 

American Indian and Alaska Native Affairs Desk Office of Justice Programs
810 7th Street, NW 
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-0703
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/aian

Department of Education, Office of Civil Rights--TA. Re is dedicated to equal
access to education for all Americans. It focuses on investigation, assistance,
and information concerning classes of persons who have rights under the
Constitution and federal statutes such as the Americans with Disabilities Act. A
reference library and specific information about access to educational services
is available through the agency.

U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights 
Customer Service Team, Mary E. Switzer Building
330 C Street, SW 
Washington, D.C. 20202
1-800-421-3481 
202-205-9862 (fax)

Mother-child program planners can learn about research involving working with
diverse families from this clearinghouse sponsored by the Office of Special
Education Programs of the U.S. Department of Education. The Early
Childhood Research Institute on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate
Services--Re (CLAS) is a research clearinghouse for culturally
and linguistically diverse families.

The Early Childhood Research Institute on Culturally and Linguistically
Appropriate Services
61 Children's Research Center 
51 Gerty Drive 
Champaign, IL 61820-7498
217-333-1386 or 217-333-4123 
Fax: 217-333-3767 or 217-244-7732 
http://clas.uiuc.edu 

Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy--Re contains scholarly articles on Latino
culture and economic development issues.

Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy 
John F. Kennedy School of Government 
Harvard University 
79 John F. Kennedy Street 
Cambridge, MA 02138
617-495-1311 Fax: 617-495-4777 
http://www.ksg.harvard.edu/hjhp

Hispanic Culture Review--Re features writings, opinions and bi-lingual
presentation.

Hispanic Culture Review
George Mason University
Modern & Classical Languages, MSN 3E5
4400 University Drive
Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 
(703) 993-2904 
http://www.gmu.edu/org/hcr/
E-mail: hcr@gmu.edu

Latino Research Review--Re is an academic publication featuring research on
Latino culture.

The Latino Research Review (LRR)
CELAC, SS-247
University at Albany, SUNY
Albany, NY 12222
Fax: (518) 442-4790
http://www.albany.edu/tree-tops/docs.celac/docs.lrb/lrbfw.html
E-mail: lrr@albany.edu

This National Center for Children in Poverty--Re provides information and
assistance for disadvantaged children, and particularly addresses those affected
by substance abuse and welfare needs. Informational resources are available on
selected topics pertaining to improving the circumstances of young children
living in poverty.

National Center for Children in Poverty
The Joseph Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
154 Haven Avenue
New York, NY 10032-1180
212-304-7100 Fax: 212-544-4200
http://www.nccp.org

National Women's Health Information Center--Re is a gateway to federal and
other women's health information resources, a service of the Department of
Health and Human Services.

National Women's Health Information Center
8550 Arlington Blvd., Suite 300
Fairfax, VA 22031
1-800-994-9662
http://www.4woman.org

Southwest Hispanic Research Institute--Re provides research on Latino culture
and related issues.

Southwest Hispanic Research Institute
The University of New Mexico 
1829 Sigma Chi Rd. N.E. 
Albuquerque, NM 87131-1036
(505)277-2965 Fax: (505)277-3343
http://www.unm.edu/~swhri
E-mail: swhri@unm.edu

U.S. Civil Rights Commission--Re provides a clearinghouse and investigates
matters involving race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. It
also reviews federal laws and policies with respect to discrimination or denial of
equal protection of the laws. A list of publications is available about specific
race, gender, ethnicity and age issues, including disparate treatment of minorities
in criminal justice system.

U.S. Civil Rights Commission 
624 Ninth Street NW 
Washington, DC 20425 
(202) 376-8128
http:// www.usccr.gov/

----------------------------

Nonprofit and Private Resources on Cultural and Ethnic Diversity

Program planners can get information and assistance from specific organizations
dedicated to health, faith, criminal justice, and children's issues. Each of the
following groups provides tools for considering Hispanic, African American,
faith-based, Native American, and other cultural issues. Building culturally
relevant programs is an important goal also in and of itself and because funding
agencies require it.

----------------------------

Black Women's Health is a website dedicated to improving the health and
wellness of black women, providing information on a variety of health issues.

http://www.blackwomenshealth.com/

Center for Health Policy Development, Inc. provides advocacy, information,
technical assistance and training to the Latino community. Information available
on culturally competent programming, correctional and community health care.

Center for Health Policy Development, Inc.
6905 Alamo Downs Parkway
San Antonio, Texas 78238-4519
210-520-8020 or 1-800-847-7212
Fax: 210-520-9522

Church Women United is a national multi-denominational organization
dedicated to humanitarian principles that support equality of life and
strengthening of families.

Church Women United
475 Riverside Drive, Suite 500
New York, NY 10115
212-870-2347 Fax: 212-870-2338
http://www.churchwomen.org/ 
E-mail: cwu@churchwomen.org 

Hispanic Yearbook provides statistics, business, career, education, health and
information concerning the Latina community.

Hispanic Yearbook
Imagen Latinoamericana Magazine 
Editorial Grama, Inc. 
1431-B East 41st St. 
Tulsa, OK 74105 http://www.imagenlatinoamericana.com

The Ecumenical Child Care Network, a national, inter-denominational
organization is dedicated to equal access to high quality affordable childcare.
Members working through churches are urged to overcome bias and racist
principles and to work for equality.

The Ecumenical Child Care Network 
8765 West Higgins Road, Suite 405
Chicago, IL 60631 
(312) 693-4040
http://www.eccn.org./

Intercultural Development Research Association, a non-profit organization in
San Antonio, Texas, promotes equality of educational opportunity for every
student and provides professional development, research and evaluation and
leadership support through its programs and materials.

Intercultural Development Research Association
5835 Callaghan Road, Suite 350
San Antonio, Texas 78228-1190 
(210) 444-1710 Fax: (210) 444-1714
E-mail: idra@idra.org

National Association of Blacks in Criminal Justice is a nonpartisan multi-ethnic
professional association. It pursues the goal of improving the administration of
justice at all levels of government.

National Association of Blacks in Criminal Justice
P.O. Box 19788
Durham, NC 27707
919 683-1801 Fax: 919-683-1903
http://www.nabcj.org/
E-mail: office@nabcj.org

Program planners will find information on the National Child Care Association
website concerning licensed, private childhood care and education programs.
The site brings together childcare and education professionals. It offers an
accreditation program that considers parental needs as well as the diversity in
the child care community.

National Child Care Association
National Early Childhood Program Accreditation
1029 Railroad St. 
Conyers, GA 30207
1-800-543-7161 Fax: 770-388-7772 
http://www.nccanet.org/ 

The National Black Child Development Institute's goal is to enhance life
experiences for African-American children. The institute's efforts revolve
around health, child welfare, education, and child care/early childhood
education. Mother-child programs can use the institute's periodic reports that
pertain to African-American children, policies and public education.

National Black Child Development Institute
1023 15th St., N.W., Suite 600
Washington, DC 20005
202-387-1281 Fax: 202-234-1738 
http://www.nbcdi.org 

The National Council of Jewish Women promotes equitable treatment and
assistance for all ethnic groups, races, religions, and economic backgrounds.
The organization supports advocacy, community service, education, and
research.

National Council of Jewish Women
53 West 23rd St. 
New York, NY 10010
212-645-4048 Fax: 212-645-7461 
http://www.ncjw.org

National Council of Las Raza advocates for improved conditions for Hispanic
Americans and serves as a national umbrella organization. It also is affiliated
with numerous community-based organizations that serve Hispanics in the
United States and its territories.

National Council of Las Raza
1111 19th St. NW, Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20036-4205
202-785-1670 Fax: 202-785-0851
http://www.nclr.org/ 

The National Indian Child Welfare Association focuses on Indian, child and
family issues. NICWA's interests range from community development to
networking between tribal members. This nonprofit is dedicated to improving
quality of life for Native Americans.

National Indian Child Welfare Association 
3611 SW Hood Street, Suite 201 
Portland, Oregon 97201
(503) 222-4044 Fax: (503) 222-4007
E-mail: info@nicwa.org

Super Onda publishes a magazine that features resources, education and
entertainment for Latino youth.

Super Onda
425 Pine Ave. 
Santa Barbara, CA 93117
805-964-4554 
805-964-6139 (fax) 
http://www.superonda.com
E-mail: editorial@superonda.com

Raza Review provides a variety of literature and arts subjects.

Raza Review 
Published by: Chile con Queso Productions 
El Paso, TX 79901
http://www.razareview.com

----------------------------

Publications and References

"Are Special Treatment Facilities for Female Alcoholics Needed? A Controlled
2-year Follow-up Study from a Specialized Female Unit (EWA) Versus a
Mixed Male/Female Treatment Facility," L. Dahlgren and A. Willander. In
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 13(4), 1989, pp. 499-504.

And So I Began to Listen to Their Stories...Working with Women in the
Criminal Justice System. S. Galbraith. Delmar, New York: Policy Research
Inc., 1998.

"Black Battered Women: A Review of the Empirical Literature," S.M. Coley
and J.O. Beckett. Journal of Counseling and Development 66, 2988, pp. 266-
270.

Black Women and Family Violence: A Guide for Service Providers, B. Rogers,
M. Taylor, and G. McGee. [Available from the Minnesota Coalition for
Battered Women, 450 N. Syndicate St. Suite 122, St. Paul, MN 55104;
phone 651-646-6177.]

Bouncing Back From Injury: How to Take Charge of Your Recuperation,
Karen Klein with Hope, Carla Derrick. Prima Publishing & Communications,
P.O. Box 1260BB, Rocklin, CA, 95677, 1988.

Building and Sustaining Systems of Care for Substance-Using Pregnant Women
and Their Infants: Lessons Learned. M.P. Lake and E. Hutchins. Arlington,
VA: National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 1995.

"Challenges in Moving from a Traditional Therapeutic Community to a Women
and Children's TC Model," V.B. Brown, S. Sanchez, J.E. Zweben, and T. Aly.
In Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 28(1), 1996, pp. 39-46.

"Cocaine-dependent Women Have Unique Treatment Needs," B. Daley and
C. Przybycin. In Addiction Letter 5(10), 1989.

"A Comparison of Programming for Women and Men in U.S. Prisons in the
1980s," M. Morash, , R.N. Haarr, and L. Ruckner. 1994. Crime and
Delinquency, 402, 1994, pp. 197-221.

Compelled to Crime: The Gender Entrapment of Battered Black Women, B.
Richie New York, Routledge, 1996.

Cultural Awareness in Human Services, 3rd. Ed. Green, J.W. 1999. Green.
Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1999.

"A Descriptive Outline of a Program for Cocaine-Using Mothers and Their
Babies," G. Walker, I. Eric, A. Pivnick, and E. Drucker. In C. Bepko, ed.,
Feminism and Addiction. Boston, New York: Allyn & Bacon Haworth Press,
1991.

Designing without Glass Ceilings: An Examination of Trends and Opportunities
in Designing Prisons for Women. Carter, S.A. 1998. In J.B. Morton, ed.,
Complex Challenges, Collaborative Solutions: Programming for Girls and
Women in Corrections. Lanham, Maryland: American Correctional
Association. pp 61-122.

"Drug Misuse and Dependency in Women: The Meaning and Implications of
Being Considered a Special Population or Minority Group," B.G. Reed. In the
International Journal of the Addictions, 20, 1985, pp. 13-62.

The Female Offender: Girls, Women, and Crime, M. Chesney-Lind. Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997.

Female Offenders: Critical Perspectives and Effective Interventions, R.T.
Zaplin, ed. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc., 1998.

Feminism and Addiction, C. Bepko, ed. New York: The Haworth Press,
1991.

Feminist Criminology: Thinking About Women and Crime. Chesney-Lind, M.
and B. Bloom. 1997. In B.D. MacLean and D. Milanovic, eds. Thinking
Critically About Crime. Vancouver: Collective Press.

From Victims to Survivors to Offenders: Women's Routes of Entry and
Immersion into Street Crime. Gilfus, M.E. 1992. Women and Criminal Justice.
41, 63-89.

Gender and Justice; Women, Drugs, and Sentencing Policy. Mauer, Mark,
Cathy Potler, and Richard Wolf. November 1999. The Sentencing Project.
Washington D.C.: The Sentencing Project.

Gender Differences in Drug Addiction and Treatment: Implications for Social
Work Intervention with Substance-abusing Women. Nelson-Zlupko, L., E.
Kaufman, and M.M. Dore. 1995. Social Work. 401, 45-54.

Gender-specific Substance Abuse Treatment. Finkelstein, N., C. Kennedy, K.
Thomas, and M. Kearns. 1997. Rockville, Maryland: National Women's
Resource Center, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. 

"Hard Time: The Stressful Nature of Incarceration for Women," C.I. Fogel. In
Issues in Mental Health Nursing 14(4), 1993, pp. 367-377.

Helping Women Recover: Creating Gender-Specific Treatment for Substance
Abusing Women and Girls in Community Correctional Settings. Covington, S.
S. 1998. Presentation to the ICCA Conference. 

In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development.
Gilligan, C. 1982. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

The Invisible Woman; Gender, Crime, and Justice. Belknap, J. 1996.
Contemporary Issues in Crime and Justice Series. Belmont, California:
Wadsworth Publishing Company. 

"Life is a Song Worth Singing: Ending Violence in the Black Family," E.C.
White. In M. Burns, ed., The Speaking Profits Us: Violence in the Lives of
Women of Color. Seattle: Center for the Prevention of Sexual and Domestic
Violence, 1986.

"Perceptions of Available and Needed Programs by Female Offenders in
Delaware," M. Miller. Wilmington, DE: Delaware Council on Crime and
Justice, 1990.

"Powerlessness-Liberation or Enslaving? Responding to the Feminist Critique
of the Twelve Steps," D. Berenson. In C. Bepko, ed., Feminism and Addiction.
New York: Haworth Press, 1991.

Program to Provide Vocational Training to Limited English Speaking Adults in
a Correctional Setting: An Exemplary Project in Vocational Education, Final
Report, Lane Murray. Texas Dept. Of Corrections, Windham School System,
Huntsville, Tx., sponsored by the Texas Education Agency, Dept. Of
Occupational Education and Technology, Research Coordinating Unit, Austin
Tx., 1981.

"The Relational Model of Women's Psychological Development: Implications
for Substance Abuse," S.S. Covington and J.L. Surrey. In S. Wilsnack and R.
Wilsnack, eds., Gender and Alcohol: Individual and Social Perspectives. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, 1997.

The Role of Gender in Engaging the Dually Diagnosed in Treatment. Watkins,
K. E., A. Shaner, and G. Sullivan. 1999 April. Community Mental Health
Journal. 35(2), 115-126.

"Separate and Unequal: Women in the Federal Criminal Justice System".
Coughenour, J.C. 1995. Federal Sentencing Reporter: Gender and
Sentencing. 83, 142-144.

Special Needs Offenders--Vocational Assessment: Handbook for the
Corrections Department and Department of Vocational Rehabilitation
Network, Jerry Sather. New Mexico Corrections Dept., Santa Fe, NM,
sponsored by the U.S. Dept. Of Justice, National Institute of Corrections,
Washington, DC, 1987.

Special Population Challenge: Preserving Positive Outcomes for Women
Clients, M.H. Bair. TIE Communique. Monitoring Treatment Outcomes and
Managed Care. Promise and Challenge for the AOD Field, Fall 1998.

The Status of Women in the States. Institute for Women's Policy Research.
1996. Washington D.C.: Institute for Women's Policy Research.

"Tailoring Facility Programming to Suit Female Offenders' Needs". Carp, S.
and L. Schade. 1992. Corrections Today. 54(6), 152-159.

Toward a New Psychology of Women, J.B. Miller. Boston: Beacon Press,
1986.

"What About the Kids? Parenting Issues in Sentencing". Wald, P.M. 1995.
Federal Sentencing Reporter: Gender and Sentencing. 83, 137-141. 

A Woman's Way Through the Twelve Steps. Covington, S.S. 1994. Center
City, Minnesota: Hazelden Educational Materials.

Women and Power, J.B. Miller. Work in Progress, No. 82-01. Wellesley,
MA: Stone Center Working Paper Series, 1982.

Women of Color: Integrating Ethnic and Gender Identities in Psychotherapy, L.
Comas-Diaz and B. Greene. New York: The Guilford Press, 1994.

Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom, C. Northrup. New York: Bantam
Books, 1994.

"Women's Prisons: Overcrowded and Overused". Immarigeon, R. and M.
Chesney-Lind. 1993. In R. Muraskin and T. Alleman, eds. It's A Crime:
Women and Justice. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Regents/Prentice Hall.
Pp.245-257.

Young Black Americans and the Criminal Justice System: Five Year Later, M.
Mauer and T. Huling. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project, October
1995.

----------------------------

V. Educational Resources

Mother-child programs help mothers acquire basic educational skills and a
General Equivalency Degree as well as vocational training. Most agencies begin
by looking for existing local organizations where women can get help with
literacy and be prepared to take the GED test. There is usually an office or
college that administers the GED test. Test results can take up to six weeks and
obtaining the certificate upon passing can take longer. Some mother-child
programs have also arranged for continuing or higher education for women at
local and community colleges. Scholarships and other special programs for
disadvantaged students can be accessed by actively engaging leaders at the
college level.

For Female Offenders and their Children

With respect to vocational education, mother-child programs find that few of
their residents have ever been given vocational training that equips them to
procure and retain employment. Women need assistance in selecting what type
of vocational training they should take. Some careers require licensing, and
there may be additional requirements for an ex-offender to get an occupational
license. A number of vocational training programs are available through
employment training programs, apprenticeships, and employers. Mother-child
programs should seek the assistance of workforce development professionals
who specialize in offender job placement and training for specific assistance in
their communities.

Education for children often revolves around early childhood, head start,
preschools and elementary school placements. Most programs need assistance
with special education, learning disabilities and parent-child learning activities.

Public and Educational Resources

The following resources include governmental, education, non-profit and for-
profit sources of funding, technical assistance, information, advocacy and
curriculum. Training and staff development are also significant areas covered.

----------------------------

U.S. Department of Agriculture--$, TA, RE provides a wide array of
educational support services. For more information, see the listed websites. The
Extension Service provides newsletters, training, publications on child care,
education and a wide variety of skills related to child health and nutrition.

Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Washington, DC 20250-0900
202-720-3029 Fax: 202-690-0289
http://www.reeusda.gov/ 
http://www.usda.gov/news/howto/howto.htm>

Council for Exceptional Children: Division for Early Childhood--RE provides
research, training conferences, and general advocacy to families with young
children up to age 8. This non-profit organization focuses on those with
disabilities and developmental delays who are at risk for future developmental
problems.

Division for Early Childhood
1380 Lawrence Street, Suite 650
Denver, CO 80204
303-556-3328 
303- 556-3310 (fax)
E-mail: dec@ceo.cudenver.edu
http://www.dec-sped.org

The CYFERNET--RE web page provides listings of Land Grant Universities,
which provide research, technical assistance and events of interest to children,
their caregivers and professionals. It also provides low-cost and no cost long
distance learning information.

CYFERNET
612-626-1111
http://www.cyfc.umn.edu
E-mail: cyftalk@extension.umn.edu

The Institute for Community Inclusion--TA is an academic partnership to
sustain resources and assistance for persons with disabilities and their families.
Training is geared to building individual interdependence, productivity, and
inclusion in school and community settings. Resources for mother-child
programs include the Center on Promoting Employment and a national
Rehabilitation Research and Training Center.

Institute for Community Inclusion
Children's Hospital
300 Longwood Avenue
Boston, Massachusetts 02115
617- 355-6506 
617-355-7940 (fax)
TDD: (617) 355-6956-6956 
Email: ici@a1.tch.harvard.edu

This site links to new information about the U.S. Dept. of Education--$, TA.
Also there is information about educational software and bulletins from the
Office of Educational Research & Improvement.

U.S. Department of Education
400 Maryland Avenue, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20202 
202-219-154
http://www.ed.gov/
E-mail: inetmgr@inet.ed.gov 

Student Guide, Department of Education--$, TA, RE provides information
about Pell Grants for covering the cost of secondary education for certain
students. A recent law suspends aid eligibility for students convicted under
federal or state law of sale or possession of drugs. If you have a conviction or
convictions for these offenses, call 1-800-4-FED-AID (1-800-433-3243) to
find out how, or if, this law applies to you. You can regain eligibility early by
successfully completing an approved drug rehabilitation program. According to
Sec 401(b)(8) of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended 20U.S.C.
1070a(b)(8), persons in prison are not eligible. A person in a halfway house or
those under city or county jurisdiction are not prohibited from receiving federal
Pell Grants.

Student Guide, Dept. of Education
400 Maryland Avenue, SW
Washington, DC 20202
1-800-4-FED-AID
http://www.ed.tov
E-mail: inetmgr@inet.ed.gov

The Department of Education--TA has an information and Consumers Branch
known as OERI. An electronic bulletin board operates by calling 800-222-
4922.

National Library of Education 
555 New Jersey Avenue NW 
Washington, D.C.20208-5721
800-USA-Learn or 800-424-1616
http://www.ed.gov/offices/OERI/
E-mail: Library@inet.ed.gov

Department of Education, Office of Correctional Education--$, TA provides
information, funding, assistance and training for youthful offenders. 

Office of Correctional Education
USDOED/OVAE/DNP
330 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20202-7242
202-260-7007 
202-401-2615 (fax)
http://www.ed.gov.offices/OVAE

Department of Education Special Education and Rehabilitative Services--$, TA
provides information, funding, technical assistance and training.

Assistant Secretary for Special Education and Rehabilitative Services
Mary E. Switzer Building
330 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20202
202-205-5465 or 202-205-5507 
http://www.ed.gov.offices/OSERS

Department of Education Vocational and Adult Education--$, TA provides
information, funding, assistance and training.

Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education
Mary E. Switzer Building
330 C Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20202
202-205-5451
http://www.ed.gov.offices/OVAE

Department of Special Education, University of Maryland--RE, TA educates
future professionals working with children with disabilities.

Department of Special Education
College of Education University of Maryland
College Park, MD 20742
301-405-6489
http://www.education.umd.edu/EDSP/

The National Early Childhood Technical Assistance System--TA at the Frank
Porter Graham Child Development Center helps state and local jurisdictions
coordinate and develop multidisciplinary, culturally diverse and comprehensive
services for children with special needs, birth through age 8 years, and their
families.

Frank Porter Graham Child Development Center University of North Carolina 
500 NationsBank Plaza 
137 E. Franklin Street 
Chapel Hill, NC 27514 
(919) 962-2001 or 966-4041 (TDD) 
Fax: 919-966-7463 
http://www.nectas.unc.edu
E-mail: nectasta.nectas@mhs.unc.edu

Office of Job Training and Placement, National Institute of Corrections--TA
offers assistance and training for correctional professionals, employment
specialists and educators working with offenders.

Office of Job Training and Placement
National Institute of Corrections
320 First Street, NW, Room 200
Washington, DC 20534
800-995-6423 Ext. 44278
E-mail: jemoore@bop.gov
http://www.nicic.org

----------------------------

Non-profit and Private Learning Resources

The world of private resources related to education focuses on several areas:
early education, children and adults with special needs, adult education,
vocational education and career development. In addition to the resources
listed here, there are college and university educational programs, many of
which can be accessed through the USDA Cooperative Extension Service and
Cyfernet, referenced above. There are advocacy groups for many of the special
topics as well as professional development, training and curriculum for female
offenders and their children. This grouping focuses on advocacy groups for
many of the topics as well as professional development.

----------------------------

Association for Library Service to Children supports children's librarian
professionals by developing new ways of introducing children to library
materials and reviewing current selection of library materials. The web site
contains links for children's enrichment web sites as well as publication,
product, and resource lists for parents and teachers.

Association for Library Service to Children
ALSC Office
50 E. Huron St.
Chicago, IL 60611
800-545-2433, ext. 2163
http://www.ala.org/alsc
E-mail: alsc@ala.org

Special Educational Needs--Children and Adults with Attention Deficit
Disorders is a resource for information, education and advocacy. Mother-child
program planners can gain assistance in this area from this group.

CHADD
8181 Professional Place, Suite 201
Landover, MD 20785
800-233-4050 or 301-306-7070
Fax: 301-306-7090
http://www.chadd.org

Children's Resources International is a source of training, curriculum guides and
activities for teachers, caregivers and mother-child professionals.

Children's Resources International, Inc
5039 Connecticut Ave, N.W. Suite 1
Washington, DC 20008
202-363-9002 Fax: 202-363-9550
http://www.childrensresources.org

The Correctional Education Association provides training, advocacy, and
professional development to correctional education professionals.

Correctional Education Association
4380 Forbes Boulevard
Lanham, MD 20706
301-918-1915 Fax: 301-918-1915
http://www.corrections.com

The National Association for the Education of Young Children helps
professional child care providers and educators with training and staff
development.

The National Association for the Education of Young Children
1509 16th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20036-1425
1-800-424-2460 or 202-232-8777
http://www.naeyc.org/

National Center for Family Literacy is an organization that advocates for family
literacy through training, services and a range of activities.

National Center for Family Literacy
Waterfront Plaza Suite 200
West Main Street
Louisville, KY 40202-4251
502-584-1133 
502-584-0172 (fax)
http://www.famlit.org/

National Institute for Family Literacy is an organization supported by a number
of government agency partners. It provides a literacy hotline and information
about literacy.

National Institute for Literacy
800 Connecticut Avenue NW # 200
Washington, DC 20006
202-632-1500 
202-632-1512 (fax)
Hotline: 1-800-228-8813

Special Educational Needs: ADDA is a nonprofit volunteer organization. It
operates to serve families, youth and adults with ADD. Also performs research
and provides information and a variety of publications on family and school
issues.

National ADDA
P.O. Box 1303
Northbrook, IL 60065-1303 
http://www.adda.org 
E-mail: dearadda@aol.com

The National Parents Network on Disabilities is an advocacy group that strives
to empower parents. It tracks federal and state laws and policies that will
improve the lives and protect the rights of children, youth and adults with
disabilities.

National Parents Network on Disabilities
1130 - 17th Street, NW, Suite 400
Washington, DC 20036
202-463-2299 (V/TDD) 
202-463-9403
http://www.npnd.org
E-mail: NPND@cs.net

Search Institute works to improve the quality of life for adolescents through
research, making information available for public use, and networking between
practitioners involved with adolescent development.

Search Institute
700 South Third Street, Suite 210
Minneapolis, MN 55415
612-376-8955 or 800-888-7828
Fax: 612-367-7956
http://www.search-institute.org
E-mail: search@search-institute.org

----------------------------

Specialized Resources

Mother-child program developers can find additional information from the
following specialized resources. Child development experts emphasize child
literacy and there are several sites listed relating to that concern. Additional
special assistance areas relate to gifted, homeless, and youth with disabilities. 

----------------------------

Advocates for Children and Youth, Inc. works to advance better public
policies for Maryland's young people.

Advocates for Children and Youth, Inc.
300 Cathedral Street, Suite 500
Baltimore, MD 21201
410-547-9200
410-547-8690 (fax)
http://www.acy.org

Children's Book Council encourages the reading and enjoyment of books
written for children since 1945. Through the web site, visitors can access
bibliographies and literacy campaigns, such as book showcases and Young
People's Poetry Week.

Children's Book Council
http://www.cbcbooks.org

High/Scope Educational Research Foundation is a non-profit organization that
promotes childhood literacy primarily through training educators in the
High/Scope method of teaching that aims to teach children through engagement
with the resources in the world around them. 

High/Scope Educational Research Foundation
600 N. River Street
Ypsilanti, MI 48198-2898
734-485-2000 
734-485-0704 (fax)
http://www.highscope.org

The National Association for Gifted Children addresses the special needs of
children and youth who are gifted and those who have not yet developed their
potential. The emphasis of this group is on appropriate educational experience
for all students. 

National Association for Gifted Children
1707 L Street NW Suite 550
Washington, D.C. 20036
202-785-4268
http://www.nagc.org/

National Child Care Association focuses on education of young children
through licensed and accredited programs. 

National Childcare Association
National Early Childhood Program Association
1029 Railroad Street
Conyers, GA 30207
1-800-543-7161 Fax: 770-388-7772
http://www.nccanet.org/

Mother-child programs serve families that would otherwise be homeless or
have been homeless recently. The National Center for Homeless Education is
dedicated to removing barriers to education and to expanding opportunities for
homeless youth. It also operates as a resource center for all kinds of
information to help communities serve homeless youth.

National Center for Homeless Education
1100 W. Market St., Suite 300
Greensboro, NC 27403
800-755-3277 
http://www.serve.org/nche/

Youth Law Center is dedicated to protecting at-risk children and making sure
they have all the resources they need to lead productive adult lives through
direct service and legislative advocacy. 

Youth Law Center
114 Sansome Street, Suite 950
San Francisco, CA 94104
415-543-3379 Fax: 415-956-9022
http://www.youthlawcenter.com/

Zero to Three is a national charitable organization that provides information
about promoting infant health, education and improved child development. It
includes training materials, opportunities for technical assistance, and assistance
for those involved in multi-disciplinary programs. This organization has received
grants and participated in evaluations of early childhood development projects.

Zero to Three
National Center for Infants, Toddlers and Families
734 15th Street NW Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20005
202-638-1144 
202-638-0851 (fax)
http://www.zerotothree.org/

----------------------------

Publications and References

Access to Success: Meeting the Educational Needs of Homeless Children and
Families. The Institute for Children and Poverty. For information, call 212-529-
5252 or visit http://www.homesforthehomeless.com.

"Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications for the Criminal Justice
System," S. Goldstein. In the Law Enforcement Bulletin. Washington, DC:
Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1997, pp. 11-16.

CENAPS model of relapse prevention therapy for use in the criminal justice
system, including a catalogue of materials and information on training, by
Terence T. Gorski. To order, contact Herald House/Independence Press, 1-
816-252-5010 or http://www.heraldhouse.org.

"Commitment to Change: Overcoming Errors in Thinking," a video series by
S.E. Samenow. For information, call 1-800-421-4609.

Education of Homeless Children and Youth Program--Report to Congress.
U.S. Dept. Of Education. Http://www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/homelesspt97.doc

Guidelines for Serving Special Needs Students in Vocational Education, Robert
S. Patterson and Eleanor K. Mikulin. Texas Education Agency, Vocational
Education Programs, Austin, Tx., 1989.

Special Needs Vocational Students, Marsha Rutt and Bonnie Loory. Texas
Dept. Of Criminal Justice, Windham School System, Huntsville, Tx., 1991

Shut Out: Denial of Education to Homeless Children. National Law Center on
Homelessness & Poverty. 1411 K. Street NW, Suite 1400, Washington, DC
20005. 202-638-2535, 202-628-2737 (fax). Http://www.nlchp.org.

Video and Online Resources

"Beat the Streets: Clean and Sober in the City," a video from FMS Productions
Inc. For information, call 1-800-421-4609.

"Beyond the Looking Glass," video from Hazelden, 1994. For information, call
1-800-257-7800 or visit http://www.hazelden.org.

"A Framework for Breaking Barriers: A Cognitive Reality," a 9-part video
series with workbooks. For information, contact the Gordon Graham
Company, 1-800-875-3630 or visit http://www.ggco.com/recovery.htm.

Helping Women Recover, Stephanie Covington. Jossey-Bass Publishers. 800-
956-7739. 800-605-2665 (fax). Http://www.josseybass.com

Mind Over Matters Corrective Thinking, David Koerner. For 2-day, 3-day,
and 5-day training courses, call 815-389-0127 or e-mail truthot@aol.com

Parenting from a Distance: Your Rights and Responsibilities. Answer Key.
Danville, IL: Interstate, 1987. Available from online booksellers.

----------------------------

VI. Employment and Career Development Resources

For Female Offenders In the Community

Employment and career development resources are important for stabilizing
female offenders and preventing their children from living in poverty. Most
female offenders are marginally or under-employed and job retention is a
serious problem. While mother-child programs can provide a range of services
that include job readiness, individual skills assessment, education and vocational
training, they also develop relationships with businesses and employers in the
community to place women in work situations that are compatible with their
abilities. 

In order for employers to hire offenders, offenders must be able to answer
typical questions posed by interviewers. Mother-child programs and workforce
development professionals can prepare them to be interviewed. They will need
a driver's license or other basic identification, proper grooming and attire, and a
demeanor that meets the standards of the employer. A resume is needed to
submit with job applications and help in resume writing is often a component of
mother-child projects. Prospective job applicants should know how to answer
basic interview questions and should be ready to provide any additional
information necessary for employment.

Women under criminal justice supervision encounter many difficulties in finding
jobs, particularly if they do not have a GED or marketable job skills. The best
jobs are those that the offender is likely to retain because they match offender
skills and interests. Offenders have special needs in handling job interviews
where they must tell the truth about their criminal record. They may also need
assistance in telling prospective employers about what the crime was, its
circumstances and what they have done since then to be rehabilitated.
Substance abuse treatment, mental health treatment and volunteer work or
restitution efforts are also something that women need assistance with
discussing openly in their interviews. 

Public and Educational Employment and Vocational Resources

Employment of women in mother-child programs is assisted by local
employment agencies who are funded by the U.S. Department of Labor
through its Employment and Training Administration. Usually, mother-child
administrators are able to negotiate services for the clients that target their
needs. There is an absence of skilled professionals in the workforce
development area who are trained in both correctional and employment fields.
The National Institute of Corrections, Office of Job Training and Placement has
been authorized by Congress to help develop correctional training for
professionals. Additionally, the Office of Justice Programs, Corrections
Program Office has administered a re-entry grant program to selected
jurisdictions that involve offender employment and training partnerships. Such
partnerships include correctional programs, employment offices and substance
abuse, mental health and other partnerships. The following are public and
private resources that are of potential assistance.

----------------------------

Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs--$, TA, awards
funding for offender job training and placement through the Byrne Grants,
discretionary and other sources. BJA funds the Jail, Work and Industries
Center. 

Bureau of Justice Assistance, 
Office of Justice Programs, USDOJ
810 7th Street, NW Room 6422
Washington, DC 20531
202-616-3214 or 202-616-2421

Corrections Program Office, Office of Justice Programs--$, administers the
Young Offenders Grants that include employment for ex-offenders who are re-
entering their communities.

Corrections Program Office, 
Office of Justice Programs, USDOJ
810 7th Street, NW 
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-3914

Employment and Training Administration, Department of Labor--$ administers
the national system for helping with job searches, job training and employer
information.

Employment and Training Administration
U.S. Department of Labor
200 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Washington, DC 20210
202-693-2700
http://www.doleta.gov

National Criminal Justice Reference Service--Re provides research and
information on topics related to offender employment and job training that
includes documents, data and bibliographies.

National Criminal Justice Reference Service
P.O. Box 6000
Rockville, MD 20849-6000
800-851-3420

National Institute of Corrections, Office of Correctional Job Training and
Placement--$, TA provides training for correctional employment specialists and
other workforce development professionals.

Office of Correctional Job Training and Placement, 
National Institute of Corrections
320 First Street N.W. 
Washington, DC 20534
800-995-6423 ext.44278
http://www.nicic.org

U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Transit Administration--Re
provides information concerning access to jobs, reverse commute grantees and
welfare to work.

Federal Transit Administration
400 Seventh Street S.W.
Washington, DC 20590
202-336-2053
http://www.fta.dot.gov/wtw

U.S. Department of Labor, Employment and Training Administration--$, Re
manages policy and legislation affecting employment and training programs in
the field.

U.S. Department of Labor
200 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20210
202-219-4486
http://www.dol.gov/dol/wb

Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor--TA, Re investigates women's
issues, assists with developing policies that promote women as wage earners
and conducts related research. Information available from the Women's Bureau
is helpful for writing grants. The Women's Bureau has a long history of helping
female offender programs.

Women's Bureau
U.S. Department of Labor
200 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20210
800-827-5335
http://www.dol.gov/wb
http://www.dol.gov/dol/wb

Corrections Clearinghouse, Washington State Employment Security--TA offers
a range of job placement and counseling services for offenders throughout the
state of Washington. This is the first web-based resource of its kind; other
states will be starting similar projects (OR and CA).

Washington State Employment Security Department
605 Woodland Square Loop S.E.
P.O.B. 9046
Olympia, WA 98597-9046
http://www.awrd.org

----------------------------

Workforce Development Information

When offenders are unable to find work after their individual job searches, then
they are eligible for other one-stop delivery system services. One-stop centers
are described in this chapter under the topic "Accessing Services Via Phone or
Internet." They provide services under workforce investment boards in local
communities. Mother-child program planners obtain help from their state and
local workforce development professionals. The following list of Workforce
Development Services has been supplied by the Department of Labor to
describe assistance activities for unemployed offenders.

* Eligibility determination for participants in programs such as vocational
education and rehabilitation, basic adult education, programs for persons with
disabilities and veterans, etc.

* Development, screening, and client orientation to the services available
through the one-stop delivery system.

* Interviewing and profiling offender skill levels, abilities, and needs for
supportive services;

* Assisting in the offender's employment search and placement assistance, and
providing career counseling.

* Accessing employment statistics information, which includes detailed
information as to local, regional and nationwide labor topics.

* Accessing performance information and cost information on training service
providers.

* Contact information and referral concerning local child care and
transportation.

* Assistance in establishing eligibility for 

1. welfare-to-work activities (this includes the Non-Custodial Parent
Program);
2. other local programs of financial aid assistance for training and education
programs; 
3. workplace counseling and follow-up services for at least a year for
participants in workforce investment activities who are placed in unsubsidized
employment.

Offenders may be eligible for intensive services such as comprehensive and
specialized assessments of their skill levels and service needs. Diagnostic testing
and use of other assessment tools are available. The offender can access
in-depth interviewing and evaluation to identify employment barriers. Offenders
can gain help in developing an individual employment plan to identify their
employment goals. Such plans focus on appropriate achievement objectives
and an appropriate combination of services for the participant to achieve the
employment goals. Offenders can access individual counseling through a "Job
Club." Offender services can also include case management for those in training
services and short-term pre-vocational services. 

Location of Workforce Development Offices

Training services can be provided to adults who have met the eligibility
requirements for intensive services and who are unable to obtain or retain
employment through such services. The following is a list of the web-addresses
of the workforce development offices for each of the states.

---------------------------- 

Alabama
http://www.adeca.state.al.us/adeca/pages/pages_stm/Workforce%20Develop
ment_Career-Center.stm and http://www.dir.state.al.us/es/

Alaska 
http://www.jobs.state.ak.us/offices/ 

Arkansas 
http://www.state.ar.us/esd/ 

Arizona 
http://www.de.state.az.us/oscc

California 
http://www.sjtcc.cahwnet.gov/SJTCCWEB/ONE-STOP 

Colorado 
http://employsvcs.cdle.state.co.us

Connecticut 
http://www.ctdol.state.ct.us/ 

Delaware 
http://www.vcnet.net

District of Columbia 
http://does.ci.washington.dc.us

Florida 
http://www.floridajobs.org/WEO_Contacts/onestop/OneStopDir.html

Georgia 
http://www.dol.state.ga.us/eshtml/eshtml30.html

Hawaii 
http://www.dlir.state.hi.us/wdd 

Idaho 
http://www.idahoworks.state.id.us/

Illinois 
http://www.ides.state.il.us/ 

Indiana 
http://www.dwd.state.in.us/

Iowa 
http://www.state.ia.us/government/wd

Kansas 
http://www.kansasjobs.org/office.html 

Kentucky 
http://www.des.state.ky.us/agencies/wforce/des/locoff/locoff.htm

Louisiana 
http://www.ldol.state.la.us/jobspage.htm

Maine 
http://www.mainecareercenter.com/ 

Maryland 
http://www.careernet.state.md.us/ 

Massachusetts 
http://www.detma.org/jobseeker/centers/careercenters.htm 

Michigan 
http://www.michiganworks.org/

Minnesota 
http://www.mnworkforcecenter.org/ 

Mississippi 
http://www.mesc.state.ms.us/ 

Missouri 
http://www.ecodev.state.mo.us/wfd/locations/contacts.htm 

Montana 
http://jsd.dli.state.mt.us

Nebraska 
http://www.dol.state.ne.us/index.htm

Nevada 
http://www.detrjoblink.org 

New Hampshire 
http://www.nhworks.state.nh.us 

New Jersey 
http://www.wnjpin.state.nj.us

New Mexico 
http://www3.state.nm.us/dol/dol_dirr.html

New York 
http://www.wdsny.org/wiaonestops.htm

North Carolina 
http://www.joblink.state.nc.us 

North Dakota 
http://www.state.nd.us/jsnd/ 

Ohio 
http://www.ohioworks.com/prod/ 

Oklahoma 
http://www.workforceok.org/ 

Oregon 
http://olmis.emp.state.or.us/owa_usr/owa/statedisp.local_services

Pennsylvania 
http://pacareerlink.state.pa.us

Rhode Island 
http://www.networkri.org 

South Carolina 
http://www.sces.org/1stop/1stopmain.htm

South Dakota 
http://www.state.sd.us/dol/One-Stop.html

Tennessee 
http://www.state.tn.us/labor-wfd/cchome.html 

Texas 
http://www.twc.state.tx.us/twc.html

Utah 
http://www.dws.state.ut.us/ 

Vermont  
http://www.det.state.vt.us/ 

Virginia 
http://www.careerconnect.state.va.us 

Washington 
http://www.wa.gov/esd/1stop/ 

West Virginia 
http://www.state.wv.us/bep/JOBS/JSLocate/Default.htm

Wisconsin 
http://www.dwd.state.wi.us/dwepfe/ 

Wyoming 
http://wyjobs.state.wy.us/ 

----------------------------

Accessing Services Via Phone or Internet 

Mother-child program planners and participants can obtain information on how
and where to find publicly supported employment and training throughout the
country by calling helplines and information numbers. The following are
helplines sponsored by the Department of Labor. Employment seekers and
workforce development professionals have a tremendous resource in the
Internet. The Employment and Training Administration of the Department of
Labor has worked closely with states to offer several accessible web tools. 

----------------------------

America's Career InfoNet provides job trend, wages, and national and local
labor markets analysis. It has a Career Resource Library.

http://www.acinet.org

America's Job Bank is a web-based job search tool. It includes more than 1.5
million corporate and small business job opportunities from throughout the
United States. Job seekers post their resumes at 
http://www.ajb.org/seeker for employers to search and review
(http://www.ajb.org/employer).

http://www.ajb.org

America's Labor Market Information System (ALMIS) is a collaborative state,
local and federal effort to provide career and occupational information, labor
market information and grants to states for capacity. 

Http://www.lmi-net.org. 

America's Learning Xchange provides career tools and options for skill building
from more than 6,000 providers.

http://www.alx.org

America's Service Locator helps identify most convenient location of
employment, training, childcare and transportation. 1-877-US2-JOBS
(1-877-872-5627)

http://www.servicelocator.org 

America's Workforce Network Toll-Free Help Line assists workers in finding
local services for youth and adults in English and Spanish. 1-877-872-5627 

TTY at 1-877- TTY-JOBS (1-877-889-5627)
http://www.doleta.gov

O*NET Online describes occupations, skills and earnings for career options.

http://online.onetcenter.org/

One-Stop Centers provide a partnership involving federal, state, and local
public and private service providers. Supervised by community-based
Workforce Investment Boards, chaired by local businesspeople, the boards
focus on strategic planning, policy development, oversight of the local
workforce investment system and its One-Stop Centers.

Toll-Free Help Line at 1-877-US2-JOBS 
(For TTY, call1-877-TTY-JOBS.) 
http://usworkforce.org/onestop. 

One Stop Partners provides legislation and other agencies and organizations
related to employment.

1-877-US2-JOBS.
TTY, call 1-877-TTY- JOBS.) 
http://usworkforce.org/asp/partners.asp. 
http://www.doleta.gov

President's Committee on Employment of People with Disabilities (PCEPD)
provides job recruitment, a career exploration program for high school
students, and a toll-free Job Accommodations Network with information about
the employment provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. 

http://www.pcepd.gov
http://www.wdsc.org/disability
(800-526-7234)

U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration Native
American Employment and Training Program--$, TA provides services to
unemployed and underemployed Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native
Hawaiians. Grants are provided to American Indian tribes, bands, or groups,
recognized tribes, entities, Indian-controlled nonprofit organizations, or
consortia to provide these services at the local level. 

http://www.wdsc.org/dinap

U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration Tax Credit
Programs--TA 

The Work Opportunity Tax Credit encourages employers to hire workers from
eight targeted groups of job seekers by reducing the employers' federal tax
liability by as much as $2,400 for each new hire during their first year of work.

The Welfare-to-Work Tax Credit encourages employers to hire long-term
welfare recipients by reducing the employers' federal tax liability by up to
$8,500 for each offender hired during their first two years of work. 

The Disabled Access Credit provides tax incentives for small businesses that
incur expenses through their compliance with the Americans with Disabilities
Act. These federal tax credits and incentives are intended to expand the labor
force while helping at-risk youth, veterans, people with disabilities and the
elderly, and welfare and food stamp recipients find jobs that provide
self-sufficiency. 

1-877-US2-JOBS. (For TTY, call 1-877-TTY-JOBS.)
http://workforcesecurity.doleta.gov/employ/wotc.asp. 

U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration Older
Workers Employment Program is for individuals with low incomes who are at
least 55years old. This site might be helpful if your program includes
involvement with kinship care providers, often grandmothers.

http://wdsc.doleta.gov/seniors/ 

U.S. Department of Labor Employment and Training Administration
Welfare-to-Work--$, TA provides local initiatives to limit lifetime welfare
benefits and help individuals become economically independent. 

1-877-US2-JOBS. (For TTY, call 1-877-TTY-JOBS.)
http://wtw.doleta.gov 

----------------------------

Job Search and Individual Career Support

----------------------------

American Business Directory provides users with location and contact
information for many major private and government corporations. 

American Business Directory
http://library.dialog.com/bluesheets/html/bl0531.html

CareerBuilder lets users search over 75 sites for jobs and create a personal
search agent that alerts individuals by e-mail about potential jobs that fit their
needs. Visitors can also post their resumes. 

CareerBuilder
http://www.careerbuilder.com/index.html

Career Magazine contains articles on all aspects of the career process, from
how best to prepare for job interviews to getting promoted. 

Career Magazine
http://www.careermag.com/careermag/

Careernet promotes jobs of the week, encourages employers to post job
listings, and provides visitors with tips on how to get hired.

Careernet
http://www.careernet.com/

Chicago Tribune provides browsers with a searchable list of jobs in the greater
Chicago area, along with a place to post resumes and tips for effective job-
hunting. Other cities have similar services; check online newspaper listings. 

Chicago Tribune
http://chicagotribune.com/careers/

ERISS provides job market surveys and other ways of facilitating interaction
between various members of the work force community for their mutual
benefit. 

ERISS
http://www.eriss.com/

E-Span Resume Bank has functions that allow visitors to compare the salaries
of their job at different companies and locations as well as offering a general job
search. 

E-Span Resume Bank/Job Options
http://ww1.joboptions.com/jo_main/index.jsp

First Steps in the Hunt gives tips for how to negotiate the best salary and
benefits for you as a new employee. 

First Steps in the Hunt
http://www.interbiznet.com/hunt/

Headhunter.net Job Seeker Homepage (Career Mosaic) offers the feature of
searching job listings by field, location, salary, and individual company. Users
can post multiple resumes and cover letters as well.

Career Mosaic/Headhunter.net Job Seeker Homepage
http://www.headhunter.net/jobseeker/index.htm?siteid=cmhome

Job Web offers users tips and resources for being successful in the job market
as well as statistics on the fastest growing career fields. 

Job Web
http://www.jobweb.com

Ol-Resume.com tells users how to write an effective resume and provides a
web page for individuals' resumes that employers can access. 

Ol-Resume.com sends a user's resume to major search engines as well. 

Ol-Resume.com
http://ol-resume.com/

Resume Web allows would-be employees to search for jobs and post resumes
and employers to post jobs and view resumes.

Resume Web
http://www.careerweb.com/

----------------------------

Sources for Special Help

The following contacts provide information or technical assistance on specific
issues related to employment of offenders. For example, arranging
transportation to and from employment sites and interviews is a critical issue to
be dealt with in designing a program. Finding support for parents who work can
be an asset for women making the transition from welfare to work. Finding
mentors and volunteers to help women find jobs is another specific area that
has helped some programs.

----------------------------

Community Transportation Association of America provides a toll-free Transit
Hotline for advice or an Employment Transportation Assistance Toolkit for
agencies helping to provide employment assistance. 

(1-800-527-8279)
http://www.ctaa.org/ntrc

Families and Work Institute works to foster a better relationship between
families and the workplace through disseminating research. 

Families and Work Institute
330 Seventh Ave., 14th Floor
New York, NY 10001
212-465-2044 Fax: 212-465-8637
http://www.familiesandworkinst.org

Family Research Laboratory provides the results of studies that examine the
causes and effects of family violence. (Information only) 

Family Research Laboratory
126 Horton Social Science Center
University of New Hampshire
Durham, NH 03824-1888
603-862-1888 Fax: 603-862-1122
http://www.unh.edu/frl
E-mail: mas2@christa.unh.edu

Mathematica provides information, on employment and welfare reform issues.
(Information) 

http://www.mathematica-mpr

The Southeast Kansas Area Agency on Aging sponsors mentoring works for
welfare's most and least experienced workers. College educated retirees assist
welfare caseworkers by giving recipients job readiness training, childcare,
additional referrals to resources, and individual attention. 

Southeast Kansas Area Agency on Aging 
(316) 232-5944.

The Welfare Information Network offers information online about work and
transportation issues.  

(202) 628-5790
http://www.welfareinfo.org/ 

Various Search Engines can assist in finding employment positions. 

Some Search Engines:
http://altavista.digital.com
http://www.yahoo.com/Business
http://www.lycos.com

----------------------------

Publications and References

1995 Five Year Plan for Female Inmates. Illinois Dept. of Corrections,
Springfield, Il., 1995.

Ancillary Services to Support Welfare to Work, Mathematica Policy Research,
June 1998.

A Beginning....Delaware Women's Correctional Institution. Claymont, De.,
1991.

BASICS: An Innovative Alternative. State Bar of Georgia, Atlanta, Ga., 1989.

Bivariate Study of Employment and Recidivism Following Prisoner Transfer to
a Community Residential Program or Parole, Stephen T. Debor and Adria L.
Libolt. Michigan Dept. of Corrections, Facilities Program Evaluation Unit,
Lansing, Mi., 1983.

Bouncing Back From Injury: How to Take Charge of Your Recuperation,
Karen Klein and Carla Derrick. Prima Publishing & Communications, P.O.
Box 1260BB, Rocklin, CA, 95677, 1988.

"Building an Employment Focused Welfare System," Pamela A. Holcomb, et
al. The Urban Institute, June 1998.

Career America, U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Supt. Of Documents,
U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 20402.

Chicago's Safer Foundation: A Road Back for Ex-Offenders, Peter Finn.
Sponsored by the U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice and
National Institute of Corrections, Washington, DC and the U.S. Dept. of
Education, Office of Correctional Education, Washington, DC, 1998.

The Complete Job Search Handbook: Presenting the Skills You Need to Get
Any Job and Have a Good Time Doing It, Howard E. Figler. Holt, Rinehart
and Winston, 383 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10017, 1979.

Computer Aided Drafting and Automated Office Systems Program, Purdy
Corrections Center for Women: Final Report. Tacoma Community College,
Tacoma, WA.; Washington State Dept. of Corrections, Office of Program
Development, Olympia, WA., sponsored by the U.S. Dept. of Justice, National
Institute of Corrections, Washington, DC, 1988.

Connections II: A Guide for Ex-Inmates to Information Sources in New York
City, Plus the Job Search (2nd Ed.), Stephan Likosky. New York Public
Library, Office of Special Services, New York, NY, sponsored by the New
York State Education Dept., Albany, NY and the Edna McConnell Clark
Foundation, New York, NY, 1984.

Connections V: Guide for Ex-Inmates to Information Sources in New York
City, Plus the Job Search, Stephan Likosky. New York Public Library,
Institutional Library Services, New York, NY, sponsored by the New York
State Education Dept., Albany, NY and the New York State Coordinated
Outreach Services, Albany, NY, 1997.

"Criminal Histories as a Barrier to Employment: A Report for the Annie E.
Casey Foundation," Debbie Mukamal. Summer 1997, unpublished.

The Damn Good Resume Guide, Yana Parker. Ten Speed Press, Box 7123,
Berkeley, CA, 94707, 1986.

The Delaware Department of Correction Life Skills Program, Peter Finn,
Sponsored by the U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice and
National Institute of Corrections, Washington, DC and the U.S. Dept. of
Education, Office of Correctional Education, Washington, DC, 1998.

Directory of Special Programs for Minority Group Members: Career
Information Services, Employment Skills Banks, Financial Aid Sources, 4th Ed.
Garrett Park Press, P.O. Box 190, Garrett Park, MD, 20896, 1986.

Education in Correctional Settings: A Guide for Developing Quality Vocational
and Adult Basic Education Programs. U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, DC; Mesa Corp., Reston, VA, sponsored by U.S. Dept. of
Education, Office of Vocational and Adult Education, Washington, DC, 1985.

The Effectiveness of the Post-employment Services Demonstration: Preliminary
Findings, Anu Rangarajan, Alicia Meckstroth, and Tim Novak. Mathematica
Policy Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ, sponsored by the Illinois Dept. of Public
Aid, Division of Planning and Community Services, Springfield, Il., 1998.

Employability Assessment and Training, Merren, John. Arizona Dept. Of
Corrections (Phoenix, AZ) 1988, Acc. # 006490 

Employee Career Development Program Guide: A Training Program for
Counselors, Advisors, and Human Resource Professionals in the Career
Development Process [and] A Model Workshop for Adults in Career
Transition. PAVE, The Education and Training Foundation, Alexandria, Va.,
National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, Washington, DC,
1992.

Employment and Training of Ex-Offenders: A Community Program Approach.
National Alliance of Business, Washington, DC; Administrative Office of the
United States Courts, Division of Probation, Washington, DC, Sponsored by
the U.S. Dept. of Labor, Washington, DC, 1983.

Employment Needs of Women Offenders: A Program Design. U.S.
Department of Labor, Washington, DC 1977. Acc. # 006307

Employment Problems of Ex-Offenders. Fry Consulting Group, New York
NY, Acc. #005998

Employment Services for Ex-Offenders Field Test: Summary Report, Raymond
H. Milkman and Anita D. Timrots. Lazar Institute, McLean, Va., sponsored by
the U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC, 1985.

Employment Services for Probationers: Evaluation, Sheri Maring. Texas
Criminal Justice Policy Council, Austin, TX., 1992.

Evaluation of the Pre-and Post-Incarceration Services of Virginia Community
Action Reentry System, Inc. Virginia Dept. of Criminal Justice Services,
Division of State and Local Services, Richmond, VA, and the Virginia Dept. of
Corrections, Richmond, Va., 1985. 

An Evaluation of Project RIO Outcomes: An Evaluative Report, Ramdas
Menon. Texas A&M University, Public Policy Resources Laboratory, College
Station, TX and the Texas Employment Commission, Austin, TX., 1992.

Evaluation Strategies for Vocational Program Redesign. Halasz, Ida. ERIC
Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education (Columbus, OH);
Ohio State University Center on Education and Training for Employment,
Columbus, OH 1989 ACC. # 008674

Ex-Offender Programs, Frank Reiger. National Alliance of Businessmen,
Washington, DC, 1970.

"A Fact Sheet for Policy Makers-Welfare Reform: How States Can Use
TANF Funding to Pay for Alcohol & Drug Treatment," September 1998.
Available from the Legal Action Center, www.lac.org, 153 Waverly Place,
NY, NY, 10014, 800-223-4044, e-mail: lacinfo@lac.org. 

Federal Bonding Program (FBP). U.S. Dept. of Labor, Employment and
Training Administration, Washington, DC, 1993.

Final Report Volume Two: Pre-Employment Training Curriculum: Preparing
Women for Non-Traditional Careers, Randi Friedman. Massachusetts Dept. of
Manpower Development, Boston, Mass., sponsored by Mass. Dept. of
Corrections, Boston, Mass., 1982. 

Five-Year Plan for Female Inmates: Fiscal Year 1991 Update. Illinois Dept. of
Corrections, Springfield, Il and the Illinois Bureau of Administration and
Planning, Planning and Budget, Springfield, Il., 1991.

From Jitters to Jubilation with the Job Hunt. South Caroline Dept. of Probation,
Parole, and Pardon Services, Columbia, SC, 1996.

Getting a Job-Another Chance to Make It. The U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, DC and the U.S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Washington, DC, 1993.

Guide for Occupational Exploration. Supt. Of Documents, U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, DC, 20402.

The High-Tech Career Book: Finding Your Place in Today's Job Market,
Betsy A. Collard. William Kaufmann, Inc., 95 1st St., Los Altos, CA 94502,
1986.

How to Get and Hold the Right Job. California Employment Development
Dept., Sacramento, Ca., 1994. 

I CAN List. Educational Testing Service, Publication Order Services, CN
6736, Princeton, NJ, 08541-6736.

Implementing Welfare Reform: Solutions to the Substance Abuse Problem,
Nancy K. Young and Sidney L. Gardner. Children and Family Futures (Irvine,
CA) and Drug Strategies (Washington, DC), 1997.

Improving Vocational Education in Corrections: Proceedings of the Workshop
for Improving Vocational Education in Correctional Institutions, Patrick F.,
Cronin. Ohio State University, Center for Vocational Education, Columbus
Oh., sponsored by the U.S. Office of Education, Bureau of Occupational and
Adult Education, Washington, DC, 1976.

Is It Working? Self Help Guide for Evaluating Vocational and Adult Education
Programs, Fleishman, Howard L. U.S. Department of Education, Office of
Correctional Education, Washington, DC 1993 Acc. # 012979

Job Clips: Your Reference Guide to Job Descriptions and More. New York
State Dept. of Labor, Division of Research and Statistics, Albany, NY, 1996.
Job Placement for Offenders in Relation to Recidivism, Peter Finn. 1998.

Job Power: The Young People's Job Finding Guide, Bernard and Jean Haldane
and Lowell Martin. Acropolis Books Ltd., 2400 17th Street NW, Washington,
DC, 20009, 1980.

Job Search Guide: Strategies for Professionals. U.S. Dept. of Labor,
Employment and Training Administration, Washington, DC, 1993.

Keeping Welfare Recipients Employed: A Guide for States Designing Job
Retention Services, Anu Rangarajan. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.,
Princeton, NJ, sponsored by Illinois Dept. of Human Services, Springfield, Il.,
1998.

Leader's Manual: Job-Seekers' Workshop, Peter Loeb, Michel Levois, and
Sharon M. Hall. University of California, San Francisco, Ca., 1978.

Life Skills Programming for Women Prisoners: Final Report-A Resource Guide
for Implementation of Life Skills Education for Women Prisoners. Michigan
Dept. of Corrections, Life Skills Institute, Lansing, Mi., 1997.

Making Welfare Reform Work: Tools for Confronting Alcohol and Drug
Problems Among Welfare Recipients, September 1997. Available from the
Legal Action Center, www.lac.org, 153 Waverly Place, NY, NY, 10014,
800-223-4044, e-mail: lacinfo@lac.org

"Mid-Life Career Changes," Jon Durkin. Johnson O'Connor Research
Foundation, Human Engineering Laboratory, 701 Sutter St., San Francisco,
CA, 94109.

Mock Job Fair Handbook. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons,
Inmate Placement Program Branch, Washington, DC, 1997.

Modest Program, Modest Gains: An Outcome Study of a Day Reporting
Program, Mitchell Mackinem; Karen Goodale, Sally Caughman. South
Carolina Dept. Of Probation, Parole and Pardon Services, 1995. Acc. #
012992

New Options in Offender Education, Sylvia G. McCollum. Annual Conference
of the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges-64th, 1984,
Washington, DC and the U.S. Dept. of Education, Educational Resources
Information Center, Washington, DC, 1984.

Next Steps in Public-Private Partnerships, Madeleine B. Hemmings. National
Center for Research in Vocational Education, Columbus, Oh., 1984.

Occupational Outlook Handbook, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Supt. Of
Documents, U.S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, DC, 20402.

Occupational Trends Through 2005 [Brochure]. New York State Dept. of
Labor, Division of Research and Statistics, Albany, NY, 1996.

Offender Employment: A Research Brief, Michigan "Dept. Of Corrections,
Facilities Research and Evaluation Unit, Lansing, MI Acc. # 013208.

Out for Life! Life Skills Classes for Inmates, Module IV: Employability Skills.
South Carolina Dept. of Corrections, Columbia, SC, sponsored by the U.S.
Dept. of Education, Washington, DC, 1996.

Oversight Report on Nontraditional Vocational Training for Female Inmates,
Kelley R. Smith. Florida Legislature, House of Representatives, Committee on
Corrections, Tallahassee, Fl., 1994.

The POWER Program (Providing Opportunities for Work, Education, and
Readiness): Final Evaluation Report, Tom Dobmeyer, Carol Smith, and Glenn
Bracht. Hennepin County Bureau of Community Corrections, Program
Evaluation Team, Minneapolis, MN., 1993.

Pre-Employment Training Curriculum: Preparing Women for Nontraditional
Careers. Friedman, Randi. Massachusetts Dept. Of Manpower Development
(Boston MA) 1982 ACC # 001865

A Program to Reintegrate Pennsylvania Inmates Through Live Work and
Community Involvement: Final Report, Operation Outward Reach, Inc.,
Youngwood, Pa.; Pennsylvania Dept. of Education, Bureau of Correctional
Education, Harrisburg, Pa., 1996.

Project TRADE , Home Builders Institute, Washington D.C. 1995 Acc. No
012551

Providing Services to Promote Job Retention, Joshua Haimson, Alan Hershey,
and Anu Rangarajan. Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Princeton, NJ,
Sponsored by the Illinois Dept. of Public Aid, Division of Planning and
Community Services, Springfield, Il., 1995.

Ready, Aim, You're Hired!: How to Job-Interview Successfully Anytime,
Anywhere with Anyone, Paul Hellman. AMACOM, 135 W. 50th St., New
York, NY, 10020, 1986.

Role Modeling and Role Playing in Employability Development Agencies: A
Manual for Practitioners, Vocational Workers, and Counselors Containing
Principles, Their Applications in Practice, and Their Empirical Sources, Harvey
Bertcher. Manpower Science Services, Inc., N.P., sponsored by the U.S.
Dept. of Labor, Manpower Administration, Washington, DC, 1982.

Services to Ex-Offenders; Federal Bonding Program, New York State Dept.
of Labor, Albany, NY, 1996.

STEP WON to Vocational Success: A Program of Development for Adult
Women Offenders. Clark County Corrections Dept. , Vancouver WA, 1992 ,
Acc # 013198

Successful State Practices in Job Matching, Louis Jacobson and Regina Yudd.
Center for Employment Security Education and Research, Washington, DC;
Westat, Inc., Rockville, Md., 1996.

Sweaty Palms--The Neglected Art of Being Interviewed, Anthony H. Medley.
Ten Speed Press, Box 7123, Berkeley, CA, 94707, 1984.

Tax Benefits for Businesses: Hiring Ex-Offenders, Iowa Dept. of Revenue and
Finance, Des Moines, Ia., 1996.

Tips for Finding the Right Job, U.S. Dept. of Labor, Employment and Training
Administration, Washington, DC, 1991.

Welfare As We Know It Now: What New York's New Welfare A-laws Mean
for People with Criminal Records, Substance Abuse Histories, and HIV/AIDS,
October 1998. Available from the Legal Action Center, www.lac.org, 153
Waverly Place, NY, NY, 10014, 800-223-4044, e-mail: lacinfo@lac.org

Welfare Reform: Issues and Implications for Children and Families Who Need
Mental Health or Substance Abuse Services, October 1998. National
Technical Assistance Center for Children's Mental Health, Georgetown
University Child Development Center.

What Color is Your Parachute?, Richard N. Bolles. Ten Speed Press, Box
7123, Berkeley, CA, 94707.

Women in Transition and the Mentoring Program, Women in Transition, Inc.,
Cranston, RI, 1996.

Workforce in Transition: A Blueprint for Adult Career Development and Job
Search Training, Judith M. Hoppin, ed. Career Development Training Institute,
N.P.; South Carolina Occupational Information Coordinating Committee,
sponsored by National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee,
Washington, DC, 1995.

Work in the New Economy: Careers and Job Seeking into the 21st Century,
Robert Wegmann, Robert Chapman, and Miriam Johnson. JIST Works, 720
North Park Ave., Indianapolis, IA, 46202, 1989.

Your Winning Edge: Your Complete Job Search Guide from Self-Assessment
to Resumes to Interviews, New York State Dept. of Labor, Albany, NY,
1997.

----------------------------

VII. Health and Human Services References

This chapter provides program developers and practitioners in the mother-child
field with an overview of the core agencies and services available for programs
at the national level. State human service and mental health agencies and city
and county agencies should also be considered as partners in developing
programs that serve clients with a range of services. Private foundations,
corporate donors, non-profit and for-profit agencies offer resources in certain
areas. Selected contacts are provided to give an idea of the range and diversity
of what is available.

Government Sources: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Mother-child community corrections programs often receive assistance from
health and human services agencies at the local, state and federal levels of
governments. The processes for receiving funding from human service agencies
are different from justice agencies. They tend to reflect the preventative and
treatment oriented mission of health and human service providers. This focus is
often different from the community safety and justice orientation of correctional
agencies and in order for programs to receive multiple sources of funding, they
must meet different standards and requirements. Program planners indicate that
they find this difficult at the beginning, because it poses management, training
and operational challenges to the program. However, once these hurdles are
met, most program planners find it beneficial to work with both human service
and correctional systems. This course of management opens new doors to
problem solving, support and innovation for helping female offenders and their
children.

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services--$, TA, Re is the parent agency of
the branches listed below. The main web site highlights funding opportunities
and provides an overview of the agency. It also provides a list of regional
contacts helpful in obtaining funding. 

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
Hubert H. Humphrey Building
200 Independence Avenue SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-7858
http://www.hhs.gov

U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services--Assistant Secretary of Planning and
Evaluation--TA, Re is the principle advisor to the Secretary of HHS on public
policy planning and research analysis. Has an ongoing project reviewing issues
related to families of offenders. 

Assistant Secretary of Planning and Evaluation
Hubert H. Humphrey Building
200 Independence Avenue SW
Washington, DC 20201
202-690-7858
http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services awards a variety of grants for
programs to assist children and mothers. Also listed on this table are branch
agencies within SAMHSA--$, Re that serve mother-child clients. 

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
U.S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services
5600 Fishers Lane, Rockwall II
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-5700
301-443-8956
http://www.samhsa.gov/

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention--$, TA, Re (CSAP) is the division of
the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
concerned with substance abuse prevention. CSAP has information online
about many of their campaigns and programs against substance abuse. 

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
5600 Fishers Lane, Rockwall II
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-0365
http://www.samhsa.gov/csap

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment--$, TA (CSAT) is the division of the
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
concerned with substance abuse treatment. CSAT has information online about
many of their campaigns and programs for substance abuse treatment. 

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT)
SAMHSA
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
5515 Security Lane
Rockville, MD 20852
301-443-5700
http://www.samhsa.gov/csat

Maternal and Child Health Bureau , Health Resources and Services
Administration--$, RE, TA provides resources to improve the health of mothers
and children through a variety of programs including perinatal, child, adolescent
and family, special needs children and research. 

Maternal and Child Health Bureau
Parklawn Building
5600 Fishers Lane
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-2170
http://www.mchb.hrsa.gov

National Clearinghouse on Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) contains a
vast amount of information, warnings, and statistics on drugs and substance
abuse. 

National Clearinghouse on Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI)--Prevline
11426-28 Rockville Pike, Suite 200
Rockville, MD 20852
http://www.health.org
E-mail: webmaster@health.org

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism--Re (NIAAA) provides
statistics, informational pamphlets, and research on alcohol-related issues. 

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 
U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
Willco Bldg., Suite 400-MSC7003
6000 Executive Boulevard
Bethesda, MD 20892
301-443-3851
http://www.niaaa.nih.gov

National Institute on Drug Abuse--Re (NIDA) provides statistics, informational
pamphlets, and research in drug-related issues. 

National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services
5600 Fishers Lane, Room 18-49
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-0107
http://www.nida.nih.gov

National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse is a branch of the U.S.
Dept. of Health and Human Services that provides a centralized location for
users to search through many different organizations dedicated to health issues.

National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse
2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450
Vienna, VA 22182
703-821-8955 (ask for ext. 254 or 265)
Fax: 703-821-2098
http://www.nmchc.org

----------------------------

Other Governmental and Educational Sources

A number of other federal agencies offer services, funding and opportunities to
help mother-child programs in the areas of substance abuse, mental health,
welfare, education and human services. They work in tandem with the agencies
listed above and state and local human service providers. For example if a
woman is diverted by a drug court program funded by the Office of Justice
Programs, she may be required to enter an HHS funded program to get
substance abuse treatment. She may get educational assistance and a Pell Grant
through the Department of Education. The following is a list of related programs
that provide help.

----------------------------

Drug Court Clearinghouse & Technical Assistance Project--TA, Re
(DCCTAP) contains the latest drug court activities, publications, and
information, including a link to the Buffalo MIS system, the Drug Court
Management Information System.

Drug Court Clearinghouse & Technical Assistance Project (DCCTAP)
American University
Justice Programs Office
4400 Massachusetts, Avenue, NW
Brandywine, Suite 660
Washington, DC 20016-8159
202-885-2875
Fax: 202-885-2885
http://www.american.edu/justice
E-mail: justice@american.edu

Drug Courts Program Office--$ (DCPO) was established to administer the
drug court grant program and to provide financial and technical assistance,
training, related programmatic guidance, and leadership. 

Drug Courts Program Office 
Office of Justice Programs
U.S. Dept. of Justice
810 7th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-616-5001
Fax: 202-307-2019
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/dcpo

National Center for Children in Poverty--Re works to disseminate strategies for
combating childhood poverty. 

National Center for Children in Poverty
Mailman School of Public Health
Columbia University
154 Haven Ave.
New York NY 10032
212-212-304-7100
Fax: 212-544-4200 or 4201
http://www.nccp.org

National Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse--Re allows users to search drug and
crime publications. 

National Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse
Office of National Drug Control Policy, Drugs & Crime Clearinghouse 
P.O. Box 6000 
Rockville, MD 20849-6000.
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/DrugsAndCrime.asp

National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center provides education and
assistance to health care professionals dealing with children and families
affected by HIV/AIDS. 

National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center
30 Bergen Street, ADMC #4
Newark, NJ 07107
800-362-0071
973-972-0410
Fax: 973-972-0399
http://www.pedhivaids.org
E-mail: ortegaes@umdnj.edu

National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care promotes health
and safety in out-of-home childcare environments. The web site includes
information on states' individual childcare policies and safety tips. 

National Resource Center for Health and Safety in Child Care
UCHSC at Fitzsimons, Campus Mail Stop F541
PO Box 6508
Aurora, CO 80045-0508
800-598-5437
http://nrc.uchsc.edu/

Office of National Drug Control Policy--Re (ONDCP), the office of the "drug
czar," is the agency of the Executive Branch that explains the national
government's policy and regulations concerning illicit drugs. The website
includes facts about drugs and ONDCP information, including Pulse Check, the
agency's quarterly newsletter that describes the latest drug trends and
treatments. 

Office of National Drug Control Policy
Executive Office of the President
Washington, DC 20503
202-395-6700
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov
Pulse Check: http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/index.html

----------------------------

Private and Non-Profit Sector Resources Related to Human Services

There are range of specialized research, advocacy and membership
organizations that are helpful in promoting and improving programs that serve
females and their children. Those with an interest in offenders are noted. Many
from the list below have provided information, research, training or technical
assistance to program planners, offenders and their children. These agencies
and programs connect you to providers in your community and local resources.
They also provide a national perspective from across the states.

----------------------------

Children's Defense Fund is an advocacy group overseeing the interests of
young people. 

Children's Defense Fund
25 E. Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
202-628-8787
http://www.childrensdefense.org/
E-mail: cdfinfo@childrensdefense.org

Handsnet on the Web: Linking the Human Services Community Online allows
people throughout the field of Human Services to network and share
information and research via the Internet. 

Handsnet, Inc.
2 North Second Street #375
San Jose, CA 95113
408-291-5111
Fax: 408-291-5119
http://www.handsnet.org/

Join Together is a resource center to support those who combat substance
abuse and gun violence. Join Together offers online news and research updates
and links to helpful resources in both fields. 

Join Together
441 Stuart Street, 7th Floor
Boston, MA 02116
617-437-1500
Fax: 617-437-9394
E-mail: info@jointogether.org

National Center for Juvenile Justice (NCJJ) conducts research and provides
objective, factual information that is utilized to increase the juvenile and family
justice systems' effectiveness.

National Center for Juvenile Justice
710 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3000
Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3000
412-227-6950
Fax: 412-227-6955
http://www.ncjj.org
E-mail: ncjj@ncjj.org

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information (NCCAN) is
a center for information for anyone researching child abuse and neglect. 

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information
330 C Street, SW
Washington, DC 20447
800-394-3366
703-385-7565
Fax: 703-385-3206
http://www.calib.com/nccanch
E-mail: nccanch@calib.com

Search Institute: Practical Research Benefiting Children and Youth promotes
the improvement of children's well-being by spreading knowledge and
information. 

Search Institute
700 South Third Street, Suite 210
Minneapolis, MN 55415
http://www.search-institute.org

Youth and Child Resource Net provides web sites and resources on young
people in a variety of areas. 

Youth and Child Resource Net
267 Lester Avenue, Suite 104
Oakland, CA 94606
http://www.slip.net/%7Escmetro/childco.htm

----------------------------

Health Care Resources

Women's health care, children's health care and correctional health issues are
all important for programs to address. Some of the agencies below have
guidelines, research and technical assistance that will assist in assuring that
health care resources are tapped for program participants.

----------------------------

American Academy of Pediatrics is an organization of licensed pediatricians
and pediatric surgeons around the country dedicated to children's health and the
distribution of information on subjects such as common injury prevention and
substance abuse. 

American Academy of Pediatrics
Department of Publications
141 Northwest Point Blvd.
Elk Grove, IL 60007
http://www.aap.org/

American Dental Association provides free informational booklets, pamphlets,
etc. on oral health. Information also available in Spanish. 

American Dental Association
Bureau of Health Education and Audiovisual Services
211 East Chicago Ave.
Chicago, IL 60611
312-440-2500
Fax: 312-440-7494
http://www.ada.org/index.html

American Public Health Association is a resource for public health officials that
works to influence policy and have their concerns heard, including public
funding for health programs. 

American Public Health Association
1015 15th St., NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20005
202-789-5600
Fax: 202-789-5661
http://www.apha.org/

American SIDS Institute works in the fields of research and preventative
education with both parents and health care professionals to fight Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome. 

American SIDS Institute
6065 Roswell Road, Suite 876
Atlanta, GA 30328 
404-843-1030
Fax: 404-843-0577
http://www.sids.org
E-mail: prevent@sids.org

The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America works to prevent and control
asthma and improve the lives of asthma sufferers through education, research,
and advocacy. 

The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America
1233 20th Street, NW, Suite 402
Washington, DC 20036
202-466-7643
Fax: 202-466-8940
Toll Free Helpline: 800-7-ASTHMA
http://www.aafa.org

Brain Injury Association, Inc. strives to prevent brain injuries and ameliorate the
lives of brain injury victims through education, advocacy, and research in the
field. 

Brain Injury Association, Inc.
1776 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Suite 100
Washington, DC 20036
202-296-6443
Fax: 202-296-8850
http://www.biausa.org

Center for Disease Control is the chief federal agency involved in protecting
people's health through education and promotion campaigns as well as research
into disease control and environmental health. 

Center for Disease Control Public Inquiries Office
1600 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA 30333
404-639-3311
http://www.cdc.gov

Children's Environmental Health Network strives through education and
research to keep children safe from environmental dangers. 

Children's Environmental Health Network
110 Maryland Ave., NE, Suite 511
Washington, DC 20002
202-543-4033
202-543-8797 
http://www.cehn.org/index.html
E-mail: cehn@cehn.org

Immunization Action Coalition includes information and education materials on
responsible infant, child, and adult vaccination measures. 

Immunization Action Coalition
1573 Selby Avenue
St. Paul, M N 55104
651-647-9009
Fax: 651-647-9131
http://www.immunize.org
E-mail: admin@immunize.org

The Institute for Family-Centered Care is an organization dedicated to
providing leadership and information for those interested in a family-centered
approach to health care.

The Institute for Family-Centered Care
http://www.familycenteredcare.org

March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation holds the belief that all babies should
be born healthy and works towards this goal through public health campaigns,
education, and research.

March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamroneck Ave
White Plains, NY 10605
914-428-7100
Fax: 914-428-8203
http://www.modimes.org

National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) encourages the use
of acupuncture as a recovery tool through educating the public about
acupuncture and training professionals in the proper technique.

National Acupuncture Detoxification Association 
PO Box 1927
Vancouver, WA 98668-1927
360-260-8620 or 888-276-9978
http://www.acudetox.com/NADA/clearinghs.shtmlE-mail: nadaclear@aol.com

National AIDS Line--TA links programs and individuals to information,
assistance, clinical trials and treatment. 

National AIDS Line
1-800-342-AIDS
TTY/TDD: 1-800-AIDS-TTY
Spanish AIDS Line: 1-800-344-SIDA
Asian AIDS Line: 1-800-929-1304
National AIDS Information Clearinghouse: 1-800-458-5231 (access to articles
on AIDS)
AIDS Clinical Trials Information Center: 1-800-822-7422
Recorded information from the Center for Disease Control: 404-639-2838

National Association for Sick Child Day Care is a non-profit, educational
organization that works to provide high quality sick child care services through
dissemination of education and statistics. 

National Association for Sick Child Day Care
10690-A Three Chopt Road
Richmond, VA 23233
804-747-5900
Fax: 804-747-8016
http://www.nascd.com

National Health Information Center Hotline is a referral service for health
information and questions. 

National Health Information Center Hotline
PO Box 1133
Washington, DC 20013-1133
800-336-4797
http://www.nhic-nt.health.org

National Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Resource Center provides information
for the prevention of SIDS as well as resources to help families affected by
SIDS. 

National Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Resource Center
2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450
Vienna, VA 22182
703-821-8955, ext. 249
Fax: 703-821-7098
http://www.circsol.com/SIDS

----------------------------

Mental Health Resources

The following organizations provide information, training, networking and
technical assistance in the field of maternal and child mental health. This is only
a sampling of a wide array of agencies in this field.

----------------------------

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry provides information
to help families understand developmental, behavioral, emotional, and mental
disorders in their children and adolescents. 

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
3615 Wisconsin Ave, NW
Washington, DC 20016-3007
202-966-7300 Fax: 202-966-2891
http://www.aacap.org/web/aacap

American Counseling Association provides resource lists, skills training, and
funding for those in the counseling field. Visitors can also get hooked up with
counselors through a directory. 

American Counseling Association
5999 Stevenson Avenue
Alexandria, VA 22304
703-823-9800 ext. 232
Fax: 703-823-0252
http://www.counseling.org

American Psychological Association provides information, research, advocacy,
training and employment opportunities pertaining to women and children,
students and psychology. There is information for parents, and children on
parenting, substance abuse, and healthy relationships.

American Psychological Association
750 First Street, NE
Washington, DC 20002-4242
(800) 374-2721
(202) 336-5500
http://www.apa.org/about/contact.html

Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law advocates the legal rights of mentally
disabled people. 

Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law
1101 15th Street, NW, Suite 1212
Washington, DC 20005
202-467-5730
http://www.bazelon.org 

Center for Behavioral Health, Justice, and Public Policy acts as a voice for the
mentally disabled community within the justice system. 

Center for Behavioral Health, Justice, and Public Policy, University of
Maryland School of Medicine
Room 300 MSTF
685 West Baltimore Street
Baltimore, MD 21201
410-706-2490.

National GAINS Center conducts research and disseminates information in a
variety of fields, from homelessness to mental health.

National GAINS Center
Policy Research Inc.
345 Delaware Ave.
Delmar, NY 12054
800-311-4246
http://www.prainc.com

National Mental Health Association advocates for improved mental health
awareness and access to treatment. It provides information and resources to
communities and professionals in the field. 

National Mental Health Association
1021 Prince Street
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-797-4312
Fax: 703-797-4313

National Treatment Consortium, Inc. (NTC) addresses the logistical and
financial problems surrounding treatment programs for addictions and mental
illness. NTC encourages the different parties involved to work together for the
benefit of the patient. 

National Treatment Consortium
501 Randolph Drive
Lititz, PA 17543-9049
717-581-1901
Fax: 717-581-1902 

----------------------------

Substance Abuse Resources

The following contacts provide a beginning for program planners to explore
what is available in the field. Program planners should be familiar with
standards, certification, training and technical information before applying for
grants.

----------------------------

American Methadone Treatment Association, Inc. (AMTA) works with federal
and state governmental agencies in shaping public policies on methadone
treatment programs. 

American Methadone Treatment Association
217 Broadway, Suite 304
New York, NY 10007
212-566-5555
Fax: 212-349-2944
http://www.america nmethadone.org
E-mail:methworks@talley.com

American Society of Addiction Medicine, Inc. (ASAM) educates physicians to
facilitate treatment of patients suffering from alcoholism and other addictions. 

American Society of Addiction Medicine
Upper Arcade, Suite 101
4601 North Park Avenue
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
301-656-3920
Fax: 301-656-3815
http://www.asam.org
E-mail: email@asam.org

Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA) strengthens
relationships among anti-drug organizations through conferences, training and
technical support, and special programs. This group helps provide assistance to
local anti-drug efforts funded by the Office of National Drug Control Policy
Community Anti-Drug grants. 

Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA)
901 North Pitt Street, Suite 300
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-706-0560
Fax: 703-706-0565
http://www.cadca.org

Creative Partnerships for Prevention works with the Arts and Humanities to
develop ways that these fields can help fight against substance abuse in young
people. Creative Partnerships for Prevention

Safe and Drug Free Schools Program
600 Independence Ave, SW, #604, Portals
Washington, DC 20202-6123
202-260-3954
http://www.CPPrev.org

Drug Strategies, Inc. supports more effective ways to combat drug abuse
through education, treatment, law enforcement and community involvement. 

Drug Strategies, Inc.
1575 Eye Street, NW, Suite 210
Washington, DC 20005
202-289-9070
http://www.drugstrategies.org
E-mail: dspolicy@aol.com

National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors (NAADAC)
is an organization that unites substance abuse professionals in a goal of
excellence in the field through education, advocacy, and training.

National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors
1911 North Fort Meyer Drive, Suite 900
Arlington, VA 22209
703-741-7686 or 800-548-0497
Fax: 703-741-7698 or 800-377-1136
http://www.naadac.org
E-mail: naadac@naadac.org

National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) is made up of
attorneys, judges, treatment providers, corrections officials, educators and
others concerned with the idea of developing treatment-oriented Drug Courts
throughout the nation. 

National Association of Drug Court Professionals
9901 North Pitt Street, Suite 370
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-706-0576
Fax: 703-706-0577
E-mail: NADCP1@aol.com

National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors
(NASADAD) is a private, non-profit organization dedicated to improving drug
abuse prevention and treatment programs around the country. NASADAD
uses research, training, public policy advocacy, and education to achieve its
goals. 

National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors
808 17th Street, NW, Suite 410
Washington, DC 20006
202-293-0090
Fax: 202-293-1250
http://www.nasadad.org
E-mail: dcoffice@nasadad.org

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University
strives to inform the public on the social and economic repercussions of
substance abuse and to provide resources for professionals engaged in
substance abuse prevention and treatment to use. The Center in addition has
information about women and children and a program designed specifically for
substance using Temporary Assistance for Needy Families recipients.

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University
(CASA)
152 West 57th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019-3310
212-841-5200
Fax: 212-956-8020
http://www.casacolumbia.org

National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc. (NCADD)
provides information and support to the public about drug and alcohol issues
and works to dispel the stigma attached to substance abuse. 

National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence
12 West 21st Street
New York, NY 10010
212-206-6770
Fax: 212-645-1690
http://www.ncadd.org
E-mail: national@ncadd.org

National Drug Court Institute (NDCI) supports Drug Courts in their research,
educational, and scholarly endeavors by providing training to practitioners,
developing projects, and disseminating information. 

National Drug Court Institute
901 North Pitt St., Suite 370
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-706-0576
888-909-6324
Fax: 703-706-0577
http://www.ndci.org
E-mail: NDCI1@aol.com

National Substance Abuse Web Index is a searchable index of web sites
devoted to substance abuse information. 

National Substance Abuse Web Index
http://nsawi.health.org/compass

Therapeutic Communities of America (TCA) is an association of substance
abuse treatment organizations that encourage the self-help concept of patient
treatment. 

Therapeutic Communities of America
1611 Connecticut Ave, Suite 4-B
Washington, DC 20009
202-296-3503
Fax: 202-518-5475
http://www.tcanet.org
E-mail: tecanet@erols.org

----------------------------

Publications Concerning Female Offenders, Children and Human Services

ATOD Resource Guide, find at:
ftp://ftp.health.org/pub/NCADI/publications/PERIODC.txt

"The Accessibility of Drug Treatment for Pregnant Women: A Survey of
Programs in Five Cities," Vicki Breitbart, et al. American Journal of Public
Health, Volume 84, 1994, pp. 1658-1661.

"Adolescent Marijuana and Alcohol Use: The Role of Parents and Peers
Revisited," T. Dishion and R. Loeber. In American Journal of Alcohol and Drug
Abuse, 11, 1985, pp. 11-25.

The Adolescent Passage, P. Blos. New York: International Universities Press,
1979.

Adolescent Relations with Mothers, Fathers, Friends, J.Youniss and J. Smollar.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985.

Adolescent Substance Abuse: Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment, O.G.
Bulkstein. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1995.

"Alcohol and Other Drug Problems in Women," S.B. Blume. In P.R. Lowinson
and R.B. Millman, eds., Substance Abuse: A Comprehensive Textbook. 2nd
Edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins, 1992.

"Alcohol Screening Questionnaires in Women," Katherine A. Bradley. In
Journal of the American Medical Association, Volume 280, 1998.

Ancillary Services to Support Welfare-to-Work, Mathematica Policy
Research, June 1998.

Application of Case Management in Alcohol and Drug Dependence: Matching
Techniques and Populations, M. Willenbring, M. Ridgely, R. Stinchfield, and
M. Rose. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism,
1991.

Application of Case Management to Drug Abuse Treatment: Overview of
Models and Research Issues, M. Ridgely and M. Willenbring. Behtesda, MD:
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1992.

"Assertive Case Management in Three CMHCs: A Controlled Study," G.
Bond, L. Miller, R. Krumwied, and R. Ward. In Hospital and Community
Psychiatry, 49, 1988, pp. 411-418.

"Assessing for Client Strengths: Clinical Assessment for Client Empowerment,"
C. Cowger. In Social Work, 39(3), 1994, pp. 262-268.

"Assessing the Mental Health Needs of Children and Adolescents of Color in
the Juvenile Justice System: Overcoming Institutionalized Perceptions and
Barriers," M. Isaacs. In J. Cocoza, Ed., Responding to the Mental Health
Needs of Youth in the Juvenile Justice System. Seattle, WA: National Coalition
for the Mentally Ill in the Criminal Justice System, 1992. 

Awakening Your Sexuality: A Guide for Recovering Women and Their
Partners, S.S. Covington. San Francisco: Harper, 1991a. 

"Background and Overview of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment
Systems: Meeting the Needs of Women Who are Pregnant or Parenting," C.E.
Grella. In Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 28, 1996, pp. 319-343.

"Beck Depression Inventory," A.T. Beck and J. Ward. In A.T. Beck, ed.,
Depression: Causes and Treatment. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania
Press, 1972.

Beyond Codependency and Getting Better All the Time, M. Beattie. San
Francisco: Harper & Row Publishers, 1989.

"Boundary Spanners: A Key Component for the Effective Interactions of the
Justice and Mental Health Systems, H. Steadman. In Law and Human
Behavior, 16(1), 1992, pp. 75-87.

CSAP Implementation Guide--From the Source: A Guide for Implementing
Perinatal Addiction Prevention and Treatment Programs, U.S. Dept.of Health
and Human Services, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, 1996.

"Case Management and the Integration of Services: How Service Delivery
Systems Shape Case Management, " S. Moore. Social Work, 5, 1992, pp.
518-423.

"Case Management in Mental Health: A Social Work Domain?" P. Johnson
and A. Rubin. In Social Work 1, 1983, pp. 49-55.

"Challenges in Moving from a Traditional Therapeutic Community to a Women
and Children's TC Model," V.B. Brown, S. Sanchez, J.E. Zweben, and T. Aly.
In Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 28(1), 1996, pp. 39-46.

"Changes in Parenting Practices and Adolescent Drug Use During
Multidimensional Family Therapy," S. Schmidt, H. Liddle, and G. Dakof. In
Journal of Family Psychology, 10(1), 1996, pp. 12-27.

"Chemical Dependency in Women: Important Issues," S.B. Blume. In American
Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 16(34), 1990, pp. 297-307.

"Cocaine-dependent Women Have Unique Treatment Needs," B. Daley and
C. Przybycin. In Addiction Letter 5(10), 1989.

Codependents' Guide to the Twelve Steps, M. Beattie. New York: Prentice
Hall Press, 1990.

"A Cognitive-Behavioral Approach to Substance Abuse Prevention, G. Botvin,
E. Baker, and N. Resnick. In Addictive Behaviors, 9, 1984, pp. 137-147.

Combining Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment with Diversion for
Juveniles in the Justice System. DHHS Publication No. SMA 95-3051, TIP
Series 21. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, 1995a. 

Combining Substance Abuse Treatment with Intermediate Sanctions for Adults
in the Criminal Justice System. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. DHHS
Publication No. SMA 94-3004. TIP Series 12. Rockville, MD: Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994a. 

"Community-based Consortia: One Model for Creation and Development," D.
Baily and K.M. Koney. Journal of Community Practice, 2(1) 1996, pp. 21-42.

Community Organizing and Community Building for Health, M. Minkler. New
Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1997.

"Community Organizing and Comprehensive Community Initiatives", M. Joseph
and R. Ogletree. In Core Issues in Comprehensive Community-building
Initiatives. Chicago: Chapin Hall Center for Children at the University of
Chicago, 1996, pp. 71-79. 

Comprehensive Case Management for Substance Abuse Treatment. DHHS
Publication NO. SMA 99-3222. TIP Series 27. Rockville, MD: Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1998. 

Confidentiality Issues. Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Planning for
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment for Adults in the Criminal Justice
System, Tip 17. Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration, 1994, pp. 71-87.

"Contrasting Integrated Linkage Models of Treatment for Homeless, Dually
Diagnosed Adults, J.Kline, M. Harris, R.R.Bebout, and R.E. Drake. IN K.
Minkoff and R.E. Drake, eds., Dual Diagnosis of Major Mental Illness and
Substance Abuse Disorders: New Directions in Mental Health Services, Vol.
50, 1991, pp. 96-106.

"Co-occurring Disorders Among Mentally Ill Jail Detainees: Implications for
Public Policy," K.M. Abram and L.A. Teplin. In American Psychology, 46,
1991, pp. 1036-1045.

"A Coordinated Approach for Drug Abusing Offenders: TASC and Parole,"
B.Weinman. In C.G. Leukefeld and F.M. Tims, eds., Drug Abuse Treatment in
Prisons and Jails. Washington, DC: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1992.

"Correctional Treatment: Accomplishments and Realities," P. Gendreau and C.
Goggin. In P. Van Vourhis , M. Broswell, and D. Lester, Eds., Correctional
Counseling and Rehabilitation. Cincinnati, OH: Anderson, 1997, pp. 271-279.

Counseling for Relapse Prevention, T.T. Gorski and M. Miller. Independence,
MO: Independence Press, 1985.

Crack and Other Addictions: Old Realities and New Challenges. Child Welfare
League of America. Washington, DC: Author, 1992.

"Creating Integrated Services Systems for Homeless Persons with Mental
Illness: The ACCESS Program, F. Randolph, M. Blasinksy, W. Leginski, L.B.
Parker, and H. Goldman. In Psychiatric Services, 48, 1997, pp. 369-373.

"The Criminality of Female Narcotics Addicts: A Causal Modeling Approach,"
Y.I. Hser, C.P. Chou, and M.D. Anglin. In Journal of Quantitative
Criminology, 62, 1990, pp. 207-228.

"Delinquents and Drugs: What the Evidence Suggests about Prevention and
Treatment Programming," J. Hawkins, D. Lishner, J. Jenson, and R.F.
Catalano. In B. Brown and A. Mills, Eds., Youth at High Risk for Substance
Abuse. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1987.

"Developing and Maintaining a Helping Relationship," in The Helping
Relationship, A.W. Birk. Chapter in unpublished manuscript. 1993. 

"Developing Women-sensitive Drug Dependence Treatment Services: Why So
Difficult?" B.G. Reed. In Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 192, 1987, pp. 151-
164.

"A Developmental Theory of Drug Use: Deviation and Assessment of a Causal
Modeling Approach," G. Huba and P. Bentler. In P. Brim, Ed., Life-Span
Development and Behavior (Vol. 4, pp. 147-203). New York: Academic
Press, 1982.

Disability: A Diversity Model Approach in Human Services Practice, R.W.
Machelprang and R.O. Salsgiver. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Publishing,
1999.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. American
Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC: APA, 1994.

"Does Correctional Treatment Work? A Clinically Relevant and
Psychologically Informed Meta-Analysis," D. Andrews, I. Zinger, R. Hoge, J.
Bonta, P. Gendreau, and F. Cullen. In Criminology, 28(3): 369-404.

Drug Addiction Research and the Health of Women, U.S. Department of
Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on
Drug Abuse.

Drug Addiction: The Struggle. Available only online at
http://usinfo.state.gov/journals/itgic/0697/ijge/ijge0697.htm

"Drug Treatment for Women Offenders: A Systems Perspective," G. Falkin, J.
Wellisch, M. Prendergast. T. Kilian, J. Hawke, M. Natarajan, M.
Kowalewski, and B. Owen. Project report, National Institute of Justice (Grant
92-IF-CX-K018), 1994. [Available from National Development and Research
Institutes, 11 Beach Street, New York, NY 10013.]

Effective Helping: Interviewing and Counseling Techniques, 2nd Ed., B. Okun.
Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 1997. 

Ending the Silence: The Origins and Treatment of Male Violence Against
Women, R. Thorne-Finch. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992. 

Ethical and Legal Issues, M.K. Brooks. Center for Substance Abuse
Treatment: Combining Substance Abuse Treatment with Intermediate Sanctions
for Adults in the Criminal Justice System, Tip 12. Rockville, MD: Substance
Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 1994, pp. 71-87. 

Ethnic and Multicultural Drug Abuse: Perspectives on Current Research, J.
Trimble, C. Bolek, and S. Niemcryck, Eds. New York: Harrington Press,
1992.

"Ethnocultural Factors and Substance Abuse: Toward Culturally Sensitive
Treatment Models," M. Terrell. In Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 7(3),
1993, pp. 162-167.

"Elements of Effective Services for Women in Recovery: Implications for
Clinicians and Program Supervisors," Laurie Drabble. Journal of Chemical
Dependency Treatment, Volume 6, 1996, pp. 1-21.

"Empowering Female Offenders: Removing Barriers to Community-based
Practice," M.K. Wilson and S.C. Anderson. In Affilia, 123, 1997, pp. 342-
358.

Enabling and Empowering Families, C.J. Dundst, C. Trivette, and A. Deal.
Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books, 1988.

"The Epidemiology of Alcohol, Drug, and Mental Disorders Among Homeless
Persons," P.J. Fischer and W.R. Breakey. In American Psychologist 46(11),
1991, pp. 1115-1126.

"Epidemiology of Alcohol-Related Violence," J. Collins and P. Messerschmidt.
In Alcohol Health and Research World, 17, 1993, pp. 93-100.

The Effectiveness of Treatment for Drug Abusers Under Criminal Justice
Supervision, D. Lipton. NIJ Research Report, November 1995. U.S. Dept. Of
Justice.

"Family Assessment and Treatment Planning for Adolescents with Alcohol,
Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Problems," L. Combrick-Graham. In W.
Snyder and T. Ooms, Eds., Empowering Families, Helping Adolescents: Family
Centered Treatment of Adolescents with Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental
Health Problems. Washington, DC: Office for Treatment Improvement, US
Dept. Of Health and Human Services, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health
Administration, 1992.  

Family-Centered Social Work Practice, A. Hartman and J. Laird. New York:
The Free Press, 1983. 

"Family Issues in Treating the 'Dually-Diagnosed' Client," K.L. Jensen. Tie
Lines 7, 1990, pp. 6-8.

Family Life and Delinquency and Crime: A Policymaker's Guide to the
Literature, K. Wright and K. Wright. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1995.

Family Strengthening in Preventing Delinquency: A Literature Review, K.L.
Kumpfer. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, 1994. 

The Feeling Good Handbook, D.D. Burns. New York: Penguin Books, 1989.

"A Feminist Approach to Substance Abuse Treatment and Service Delivery,"
A.A. Abbott. In M.O. Meltzer, ed., Women's Health and Social Work:
Feminist Perspectives. New York: Haworth Press, 1994, pp. 67-83.

"Gender Differences in Drug Addiction and Treatment: Implications of Social
Work Intervention with Substance-abusing Women," L. Nelson-Zlupko, E.
Kauffman, and M. M. Dore. In Social Work, 401, 1995, pp. 45-54.

Gender-Specific Substance Abuse Treatment, N. Finkelstein, et al. Alexandria,
VA: National Women's Resource Center for the Prevention and Treatment of
Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Abuse and Mental Illness, 1997.

Great Transitions--Preparing Adolescents for a New Century--A Report from
the Carnegie Council for Adolescent Development. Carnegie Corporation of
New York publications.
Http://www.carnegie.org/sub/pubs/reports/great_transitions/gr_intro.html

Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol and Other Drug-Abusing Adolescents.
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. Treatment Improvement Protocol
(TIP) Series #4, DHHS Pub. No. SMA 93-2010. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept.
Of Health and Human Services, 1993. 

Handbook of Practice Program Evaluation, J. Wholey, H. Hatry, and K.
Newcomer. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1994.

"Hard Time: The Stressful Nature of Incarceration for Women," C.I. Fogel. In
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Development, 1992.

----------------------------

VIII. Housing Assistance

Women who are offenders are often in need of assistance in securing safe and
affordable housing. The housing stock available for their families is often
dilapidated, in transitional neighborhoods or areas distant from employers,
schools and social service providers. Studies of female offenders under
community supervision show that most of them have changed addresses
frequently and many are currently searching for housing. This factor can be
pivotal in whether they are able to get and retain employment, keep their
children in schools, comply with court-ordered drug treatment or mental health
services.

About Housing for Female Offenders

Mother-child community corrections programs often provide residential care
because safe and secure housing is a priority for stabilizing families. Whether or
not the program is residential, housing is still a major concern. Offenders and
their families are often homeless and reside in homeless shelters. Public housing
in many areas evicts offenders who have committed drug-related offenses. In
other areas special programs allow rehabilitated offenders to obtain housing. 

About Federal Resources 

The lead agency at the federal level is the Department of Housing and Urban
Development. The information below describes several branches in the
Department that play an important role in securing housing for female offenders
and their children. This role is through various funding streams for housing
assistance, development and renovation that flow to states and localities.
Because of the multiple levels of governmental involvement in these various
funding programs, resources should be explored at all levels of government--
federal, state and local. Local or regional funding authorities must be contacted
and informed of the need for available housing for this population. They can
best advise on existing housing prospects, opportunities for new housing
development and coordination with existing programs. Additionally, the
Department of Agriculture offers housing assistance that focuses on rural areas
and tribal communities but also includes some subsidized housing opportunities
that are similar to HUD programs.

The following contacts will help providers become more familiar with the array
of services available through the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development. All grants are made available through a process called Super
NOFA. This is a standardized single notification of all of HUD's competitive
programs that is designed to assist states, localities, and organizational
applicants in comprehensive and coordinated approaches.

From the HUD website you can find out how to apply for grants, technical
assistance, vouchers and find assistance with housing in your local community.
The following are some of the lists of things that are available through the HUD
website.

o Access to local housing counseling agencies.
o Information about obtaining HUD housing or HUD financed housing.
o Search for HUD financed apartments.
o Information about HUD condominiums.
o Consumer fraud and waste enforcement.
o Regulations and access to public housing.
o Check income limits for rental assistance.
o Information about fha loans.
o Documents and applications for HUD assistance.
o Local fair market value of housing rentals in your community.

----------------------------

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development--$, TA, Re provides
assistance to states, localities, and private agencies focusing on housing,
homeless needs, economic development, and assistance for welfare to work. 

U.S. Dept of Housing and Urban Development
451 7th Street SW
Washington, D.C. 20410
(202) 708-1112
http://www.hud.gov

Community and Faith Based Office, HUD--TA provides assistance to private
non-profits and religious organizations serving diverse populations. This office
does not provide direct funding, but coordinates and provides technical
assistance to faith based and community non-profit agencies. 

U.S. Dept of Housing and Urban Development
Community and Faith Based Office
451 7th Street SW
Washington, D.C. 20410
(202) 708-0614 x.6604
http://www.hud.gov

Community Planning and Development, HUD --$, TA coordinates special
needs assistance programs, HIV/AIDS housing, block grants, and technical
assistance management. 

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Community Planning and Development
451 7th Street SW
Washington, D.C. 20410
(202) 708-1112
http://www.hud.gov

Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity Office, HUD is responsible for equal
opportunity laws and regulations protecting against discrimination based on
race, handicap, gender, age, or national origin. This branch administers fair
housing laws and regulations. 

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
451 7th Street SW
Washington DC 20410
(202) 708-4252

HUD Field Office--$, TA staff can answer questions and provide technical
assistance. For a listing of local HUD field offices, see the HUD website or call
the general information number. This web site lists funding opportunities, grant
announcements, and information about HUD's grant system. 

http://www.hud.gov/local/
1-800-998-9999 

Public and Indian Housing Information and Resource Center, HUD--$, TA has
responsibility for rental home ownership programs in public and Indian housing.
This includes subsidies for public housing agencies, modernization of low-
income housing projects, and eligibility to admit families into assisted housing
including Section 8 vouchers. Branches include : 

o Deputy Assistant for Policy, Programs and Legislative Initiatives 202-208-
3343
o Deputy Assistant for Community Relations and Involvement 202-708-1197
o Deputy Assistant for Public Housing Investments 202-401-8812
o Deputy Assistant for Native American Programs 202-401-7914

U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
Office of Public and Indian Housing
451 7th Street SW
Washington DC 20410
(202) 708-0950 Fax: (202) 619-8478
1-800-685-8470
http://mf.hud.gov:63001/dgms/gpi/office.cfm?programType=Public%20and%2
0Indian%20Housing

----------------------------

Other Public and Private Resources

Why is siting a critical part of public and private efforts to support MCCC
programs?

Finding and developing housing for offenders and their families is one of the
most difficult aspects of mother-child programs irrespective of type of program
delivering services. The exclusion of many drug offenders from Section 8
housing in many areas has made it difficult to place women who were convicted
on a drug offense. A number of groups have worked on this issue and it has
been addressed by the Legal Action Center (see below for contact
information).

What does the research recommend about siting residential programs?

The siting of housing for women offenders in the community often depends on
the support of local housing agencies, zoning laws, and the availability of private
development support. The research indicates that program developers must
consider a variety of issues such as supplying accurate information, stating what
the impact and benefits will be on the neighborhood, offering incentives to
neighbors and getting key political and business leader support. Many more
recommendations have been made, but there is no one way to locate programs
without some community opposition. One good place to start is to read Siting
Drug and Alcohol Treatment Programs: Legal Challenges to the NIMBY
Syndrome, E.M. Weber, R. Cowie, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment,
Substance Abuse and mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department
of Health and human Services, 1995. NBCH 161599. Another helpful piece is
The NIMBY Phenomenon: Community Residents' Concerns about Housing for
Deinstitutionalized People, M. Piat, Health and Social Work, May, 2000 v.25
p.127 provides insight into community opposition to group homes and
deinstitutionalized as well as a list of earlier articles on the subject. A selection
of recent publications on the subject of siting is cited in the accompanying
reference list. 

What organizational resources are available?

There are few organizations in the correctional field that provide assistance with
siting new correctional programs. The Center for Community Corrections can
be contacted concerning information sources, procedures and siting questions
at 202-778-0770. Additionally, there are a number of humanitarian housing
organizations and advocacy groups that work with community corrections
providers and ex-offenders to develop affordable housing. Such groups also
work on challenging restrictive zoning practices that discriminate against families
of offenders or the homeless. Many of the following groups have provided
research, advocacy and technical assistance in the housing area and have
addressed NIMBY through advocacy. Some have worked steadily to develop
new housing for families and are particularly concerned about the safe
placement of female offenders and their children.

----------------------------

Habitat for Humanity International is a volunteer organization that builds homes
for disadvantaged families right alongside the future residents. 

Partner Service Center
Habitat for Humanity International
121 Habitat Street
Americus, GA 31709
229-924-6935, ext. 2551 or 2552
http://www.habitat.org
E-mail: publicinfo@hfhi.org

Housing Assistance Council is a national nonprofit corporation created to
increase the availability of decent and affordable housing for low-income people
in rural areas throughout the United States.

Housing Assistance Council
1025 Vermont Ave., NW, Suite 606
Washington, D.C. 20005
202-842-8600 Fax: 202-347-3441 
http://www.ruralhome.org
E-mail: hac@ruralhome.org 

Legal Action Center provides advocacy, research , training and information on
topics related to a variety of offender issues including access to federal benefits,
housing and substance abuse treatment. The Center has published "Making
Welfare Reform Work: Tools for Confronting Alcohol and Drug Problems
Among Welfare Recipients". 

Legal Action Center
153 Waverly Place, 8th Floor
New York, NY 10014
212-243-1313 
212-675-0286 (fax)
http://www.lac.org

National Coalition for the Homeless acts as an advocate for the homeless
community and activists. NCH's goal is to do away with homelessness through
education and grass roots campaigns. 

National Coalition for the Homeless
1012 Fourteenth Street, NW, #600,
Washington, DC 20005-3471
202-737-6444 
202-737-6445 (fax)
Email:info@nationalhomeless.org
http://www.nationalhomeless.org

National Housing Conference is a membership association dedicated to making
quality housing available to everyone and working toward community
development in general. 

National Housing Conference
815 Fifteenth Street NW, Suite 538
Washington, DC 20005
202-393-5772 Fax: 202-393-5656
http://www.nhc.org
E-mail: nhc@nhc.org

National Housing Law Project provides legal services and advocacy for the
poor in the acquisition of more affordable housing as well as the physical
improvement of current buildings. 

National Housing Law Project
614 Grand Avenue, Suite 320
Oakland, CA 94610
510-251-9400 Fax: 510-251-0600
http://www.nhlp.org 

National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty provides legal assistance
and publications to end homelessness for families including those persons who
were involved in the criminal justice system. 

National Law Center on Homelessness and Poverty 
1411 K Street, NW, Suite 1400
Washington, DC 20005
202-638-2534, ext 207 Fax: 202-628-2737
http://www.nlchp.org

National Low Income Housing Coalition works for affordable housing for all
Americans, primarily through education, advocacy, and the development of
networks. The coalition also provides excellent fact sheets demonstrating the
relationships between costs of housing and poverty. 

National Low Income Housing Coalition
1012 Fourteenth Street NW, Suite 610
Washington, DC 20005
202-662-1530 Fax: 202-393-1973
http://www.nlihc.org
E-mail: info@nlihc.org

National Rural Housing Coalition advocates for public policy that assists low-
income rural communities in making decent housing available to all residents. 

National Rural Housing Coalition
601 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW #850
Washington, DC 20004-2612
202-393-5229 Fax: 202-393-3034
http://www.nrhcweb.org

----------------------------

Publications and Documents

"Almost Home," video produced by Cynthia L. Wade. Available from Fanlight
Productions, 47 Halifax Street, Boston, MA 02130. 800-937-4113. 617-524-
8838 (fax). 1995.

"At HOME--1963-1998," Bettye Caldwell. In Zero to Three Bulletin,
August/September 1998, Vol. 19, No. 1. Washington, DC: National Center
for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Pp. 7-17.

"Beginning at the Beginning: Public Policy and Homeless Children," J. Molnar
and W. Rath. Paper presented at the 98th Annual Convention of the American
Psychological Association, Boston, Massachusetts, 1990.

"The Changing Dynamics of Community Opposition to Human Services
Facilities, L. Takahashi, M. Dear, Journal of the American Planning
Association, winter, 1997, Vol. 63,1. Pp 79-93.

"Community Opposition to Correctional Facility Siting: Beyond the "NIMBY"
Explanation. J. Krause, Humboldt Journal of Social Relations. 1991, Vol. 17,
Pp. 1-2,239-262.

Connecting: Meeting the Needs of Formerly Homeless Preschool Children--A
Curriculum for Child Care Staff (Second Edition), Judith B. Ennes. Child Care,
Inc., 275 Seventh Avenue, NY, NY 10001. 1997.

"Constantly Compromised: The Impact of Homelessness in Children," J.
Molnar and W. Rath. Journal of Social Issues 46(4), 1990, pp. 109-124.

"Crossway Community: Families Creating Communities," Kathleen Guinan. In
Zero to Three Bulletin, August/September 1998, Vol. 19, No. 1. Washington,
DC: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Pp. 36-39.

"Emotional and Behavioral Problems and Severe Academic Delays Among
Sheltered Homeless Children in Los Angeles County," B.T. Zima, K.B. Wells,
and H.E. Freeman. American Journal of Public Health, 84(2), 1994, pp. 260-
264.

"Home," Lois Barclay Murphy. In Zero to Three Bulletin, August/September
1998, Vol. 19, No. 1. Washington, DC: National Center for Infants, Toddlers,
and Families. Pg. 6.

"Home and Homelessness in the Lives of Children," L.G. Rivlin. In N.A. Boxill,
ed., Homeless Children: The Watchers and the Waiters. Binghamton, NY:
Haworth Pres, 1990, pp. 89-109.

"Home is a Base for Living," Betsy McAlister Groves, Ellen Bassuk, Erica Luri-
Hurvitz and Clair Vallotton. In Zero to Three Bulletin, August/September 1998,
Vol. 19, No. 1. Washington, DC: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and
Families. Pp. 1-5.

"Homelessness on the Range: Meeting the Needs of Homeless Families with
Young Children in the Rural West," Barbara J. Riley, Nancy Fryar, and Naomi
Thornton. In Zero to Three Bulletin, August/September 1998, Vol. 19, No. 1.
Washington, DC: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Pp.31-
35.

"Homeless Not Helpless," video produced by and available from Northeastern
Wisconsin IN-School Telecommunications (NEWIST/CESA #7), IS 1040,
UW-GB, 2420 Nicolet Drive, Green Bay, WI 54311. 800-633-7445. 920-
465-2576 (fax). 1990.

"Homes for Families with Infants and Toddlers: Promising Approaches," Claire
Vallotton. In Zero to Three Bulletin, August/September 1998, Vol. 19, No. 1.
Washington, DC: National Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Pp. 40-
45.

"The Impact of Homelessness on Children," Y. Rafferty and M. Shinn.
American Psychologist 46(11), 1991, pp. 1170-1179.

In Search of Shelter: The Growing Shortage of Affordable Housing, Jenifer
Daskal. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 820 First Street NE, Ste. 510,
Washington, DC, 20002. 1998. Available online at http://www.cbpp.org.

"Lifetime and Five-year Prevalence of Homelessness in the United States,"
B.G. Link, E. Susser, A. Stueve, J. Phelan, R.E. Moore, and E. Struening.
American Journal of Public Health 84(12), 1994, pp. 1907-1912.

"Lifetime and Five-year Prevalence of Homelessness in the United States: New
Evidence on an Old Debate," B. Link, J. Phelan, M. Bresnahan, A. Stueve, R.
Moore, and E. Susser. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 65 (3), 1995, pp.
347-354.

The New Poverty: Homeless Families in America, Ralph da Costa Nunez.
Plenum Publishing, 233 Spring Street, NY, NY 10013-1578. 1996.

"The NIMBY Phenomenon: Community Residents' Concerns about Housing
for Deinstitutionalized People," M. Piat, Health and Social Work, May, 2000
v.25 p.127.

Not Safe at Home: How America's Housing Crisis Threatens the Health of Its
Children, Joshua Sharfstein and Megan Sandel, eds., Doc4Kids Project, c/o
Department of Pediatrics, Dowling 3, Boston Medical Center, 818 Harrison
Avenue, Boston, MA 02118. Available online at
http://www.bmc.org/program/doc4kids index.html. 1998.

"A Place in the Mountains: Rural Homeless Families in West Virginia,"
Gretchen Butera and George Maughan. In Zero to Three Bulletin,
August/September 1998, Vol. 19, No. 1. Washington, DC: National Center
for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Pp. 24-30.

"Predictors of Exit and Reentry Among Family Shelter Users in New York
City," Y.I. Wong, D.P. Culhane, and R. Kuhn. Social Service Review,
September 1997, pp. 447-562.

"Predictors of Homelessness Among Families in New York City: From Shelter
Request to Housing Stability," M. Shinn, B.C. Weitzman, D. Stojanovic, et al.
Journal of Public Health 88(11), 1998, pp. 1657-1657.

Resource Guide on Children's Environmental Health. Public Health
Institute/Children's Environmental Health Network, 5900 Hollis St., Ste. E,
Emeryville, CA 94608. 1997.

"A Shelter is Not a Home: Homeless Urban Mothers and Their Young
Children," Pat Dubus and John Buckner. In Zero to Three Bulletin,
August/September 1998, Vol. 19, No. 1. Washington, DC: National Center
for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Pp. 18-23.

Siting Drug and Alcohol Treatment Programs: Legal Challenges to the NIMBY
Syndrome, E.M. Weber, R. Cowie, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment,
Substance Abuse and mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department
of Health and human Services, 1995. NBCH 161599. 

Ten Cities: A Snapshot of Family Homelessness Across America, 1997-1998.
Homes for the Homeless and the Institute for Children and Poverty, 36 Cooper
Square, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10003. 1998.

"What's Wrong with this Picture?" video produced by Constance Bosley
Calhoun. Available from Fanlight Productions, 47 Halifax Street, Boston, MA,
02130. 800-937-4113. 617-524-8838 (fax). 1994.

"Zero to Three's Leadership Initiative for the 21st Century". In Zero to Three
Bulletin, August/September 1998, Vol. 19, No. 1. Washington, DC: National
Center for Infants, Toddlers, and Families. Pp. 46-47.

----------------------------

IX. Justice and Legal System Sources

Thinking about Justice System Resources

This chapter provides an overview of how federal, state and local justice
systems contribute to programs that supervise mothers in the correctional
system and assist their young children. Mother and child community corrections
programs have traditionally looked to Departments of Corrections, Probation
and Parole for start-up funding and technical assistance. In the states with
community corrections legislation, such programs have been funded with
blended federal, state and local justice system resources. Assistance for
children has traditionally come from delinquency prevention funding in the
justice field but it has also come from social services, education and health
disciplines outside of the criminal justice system. If these funding streams and
technical assistance resources are coordinated, they can provide a range of
services that make comprehensive, targeted programs possible.

There are a wide variety of federal programs that assist mother-child
community corrections. However, in most cases mother-child programs have to
compete with many other needed programs. Correctional programs fund the
adult offender portion and juvenile prevention or other social services fund the
children's portion. A few states, such as California and North Carolina, have
provided assistance with funding through state legislation. Also, statewide
Community Corrections Act legislation provides state help in about 26 states. A
list of state statutes is provided by the Center for Community Corrections.

U.S. Department of Justice Resources

The following table lists some of the Department of Justice offices and branches
that fund criminal justice projects. There are several potential sources such as
the Drug Courts Program and the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention provides funding for discretionary
and block grant programs for youth as does Weed and Seed. The National
Institute of Corrections has a small discretionary fund to assist correctional
programs that serve children of offenders. 

----------------------------

The Office of the Attorney General, U.S. Department of Justice supervises the
activities of the various branches of the Department of Justice listed below. The
main web site offers links to the branches and other justice-related sources. 

Office of the Attorney General
Main Justice Building
Tenth and Constitution Avenues NW
Washington, DC 20530
202-514-2001
http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/oag.html

The Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice--$, TA, Re has
several branches that provide grants, technical assistance and information. They
are the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, Bureau of Justice
Assistance, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Institute of Justice,
Corrections Program Office, Drug Court Office, and Office of Victims of
Crime. 

Office of Justice Programs
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-5911 
Call 800-851-3420 for information
Fax: 202-307-2093 
http://www.usdoj.org
E-mail: askjj@ojjdp.usdoj.ncjrs.gov
E-mail questions to askncjrs@aspensys.com

Bureau of Justice Assistance, U.S. Department of Justice--$, TA provides
grants and technical assistance in the areas of corrections, law enforcement,
prevention and other related activities. Although the Bureau has given
discretionary, categorical and block grant funding such as the corrections
options programs in the past, there are only a few block, categorical or
discretionary programs available for community-based programs for females.
Most program funding would come through state Byrne grants or local law
enforcement block grants for example. 

Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
State and Local Assistance Division
202-305-2088

BJA Clearinghouse
800-688-4252
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bja

Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice--Re gathers data,
analyzes and publishes information about female offenders and their families. 

Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
301-251-5500 or 
800-732-3277
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs

Corrections Program, U.S. Department of Justice--$ directs several prison
construction grant programs including the Residential Substance Abuse and
Young Offender grant programs. 

Corrections Program
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-3914
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov.cpo

Drug Courts Program, U.S. Department of Justice--$ provides start-up funding
for drug court programming that includes offender treatment and aftercare.
Many drug courts address the needs of female offenders in special programs. 

Drug Courts Program
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-616-5001
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/dcpo/

National Association of Women Judges is a nonprofit membership association
with male and female members in every state and all levels of the judiciary. The
NAWJ provider leadership to improve the administration of justice and to
ensure fairness, gender equality and diversity in the courts. The NAWJ has
curricula available on Family Violence Reduction, Sentencing Pregnant
Substance Users and Moving Beyond Battered Women's Syndrome.

National Association of Women Judges
1112 16th Street, NW Ste. 520
Washington, D.C. 20036
101-393-0222
202-393-0125
http://www.nawj.org/contactus.htm
E-mail: nawj@nawj.org

The National Institute of Corrections (NIC), U.S. Department of Justice--$,
TA is a division of the Federal Bureau of Prisons that provides technical
assistance on a wide range of correctional issues, including mother-child
programs. Information assistance is provided by the NIC Information Center,
and technical assistance by the Community Corrections, Jails, Prisons and
Academy Divisions. 

National Institute of Corrections
320 First Street NW, Room 5007
Washington, DC 20534
Information Center Services: 1-800-877-1461
303-682-0558 (fax)
Requests for technical assistance: 1-800-995-6423 
Ext. 7-5979, Community Corrections Division;
Ext. 3-0484, Prisons Division;
1-800-995-6429, ext. 135, Jails Division, and 
ext. 120, Academy Division
http://www.nicic.org

National Inmate Locator, Federal Bureau of Prisons, U.S. Department of
Justice provides information about finding individual prisoners in the federal
prison system.

National Inmate Locator
Office of Communications and Archives
Federal Bureau of Prisons
320 First Street NW
Washington, DC 20534
202-307-3126
http://www.bop.gov

National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice--Re is directed to
sponsor research related to crime and innovations in preventing and responding
to crime. The NIJ has sponsored research and published materials on the
subject of female offenders, but does not fund individual program research or
evaluation. 

National Institute of Justice
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-305-4893
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij

The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of
Justice--$, TA, Re is dedicated to preventing juvenile crime and meeting core
requirements of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974.
The Office provides information dissemination, research, technical assistance
and training in addition to its specialized focus on youth. The Office provides
grants to states, localities and other agencies through categorical, block, and
discretionary programs. 

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-5914
http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org

The Office For Victims of Crime, U.S. Department of Justice--$, TA is
involved in witness protection, preventing family violence, and child safety
partnerships. Priority funding assists victims of sexual assault, provides for
emergency services, and funds training for criminal justice, mental health and
medical personnel serving victims of crime. A large proportion of female
offenders are also victims of violence and abuse. 

Office For Victims of Crime
810 7th Street NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-5983
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov.ovc/

Violence Against Women Office--$, TA provides over $270 million to state
and local agencies to prevent violence against women, domestic, sexual assault,
and abuse. Although this program provides assistance in the area of preventing
trauma to women, it does not specifically target female offenders as an eligible
category of recipients. 

Violence Against Women Office
810 7th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-6026 
202-307-3911 (fax)
202-307-2277 TTY

The Executive Office for Weed and Seed, U.S. Department of Justice--$
oversees a targeted comprehensive approach in high crime areas. The grant
program pays for law enforcement as well as human services and crime
prevention. Emphasis is placed on youth at risk and coordinated
intergovernmental approach in high crime areas. 

Contact Stephen Rickman: 202-616-1152
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows

----------------------------

Other Government Justice Resources

In addition to the Office of Justice Programs resources listed above, the
Department of Justice and related agencies at the federal level provide some
funding and technical assistance. They also provide information and research to
justice system agencies, such as courts, corrections, and prosecutors. Of the
agencies listed below, only the Executive Office of Weed and Seed and the
National Institute of Corrections provide potential resources for human services
and crime prevention related to mother-child programs.

----------------------------

The Federal Judicial Center--Re provides coordination, research and technical
assistance in the areas of court administration, sentencing and law to the federal
court system. 

Federal Judicial Center
1 Columbus Circle NE, 6-432
Washington, DC 20002-8003
202-273-8342

The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), U.S. Department of
Justice--Re was established to assist substance abuse efforts at all levels of
government and to develop ways to implement anti-drug programs. The Office
provides grants to the High Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas for enforcement of
drug laws. It has also funded community anti-drug public education through
community anti-drug coalitions.

Office of National Drug Control Policy
Executive Office of the President
The White House 
1600 Pennsylvania, Ave. NW 
Washington, DC 20502-0002
202-396-6700
http://www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov
E-mail: ondcp@ncjrs.org

The U.S. Pardon Attorney, U.S. Department of Justice reviews requests by
men and women for clemency. This may include pardon, commutation,
suspension of fines or a reprieve from a sentence. 

U.S. Pardon Attorney
500 First Street NW
Washington, DC 20530
202-616-6070

The U.S. Parole Commission grants or denies parole for offenders who
committed crimes prior to November 1987. The Commission also supervises
foreign transfer treaty cases and those cases involving parolees convicted of
felonies in the District of Columbia. 

The U.S. Parole Commission
5550 Friendship Blvd., Suite 420
Chevy Chase, MD 20815-7286
301-492-5990
Fax: 301-492-6694
http://www.usdoj.gov/uspc/

----------------------------

Local and State Justice Resources

State and local governments provide an array of resources including financial
assistance, help with technical assistance and public education information.
Through internet sites with links to state and local justice information, program
planners can access the various possibilities for program assistance. A few of
the helpful websites pertaining to this area are listed below.

----------------------------

Council of State Governments provides information, research and analysis of
state laws, trends and criminal justice system developments. 

Council of State Governments
2760 Research Park Drive
PO Box 11910
Lexington, KY 40578-1910
859-244-8000
Fax: 859-244-8001
http://www.csg.org
E-mail: info@csg.org

National Conference of State Legislatures provides studies, technical assistance
and publications concerning sentencing, offenders and correctional issues. 

National Conference of State Legislatures
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20001
202-624-5400
Fax: 202-737-1069
http://www.ncsl.org

National Criminal Justice Association provides legislative updates, analysis and
research for state and local policy makers in the area of criminal justice planning
and program development.

National Criminal Justice Association
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 608
Washington, DC 20001
202-624-1440
Fax: 202-508-3859
http://www.sso.org/ncj

National Governor's Association provides information, research and assistance
to state leadership in the area of criminal justice and human services. 

National Governors Association
444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 608
Washington, DC 20001
202-624-5360
http://www.nga.org

Piper Resources gives links to state and local government web sites as well as
links to national organizations concerned with local issues. 

Piper Resources
http://www.piperinfo.com/state/index.cfm

State and Local Government on the Web (U. Of Michigan Documents Center)
contains links to many online and print resources related to state and local
governments. 

State and Local Government on the Web
http://www.lib.umich.edu/libhome/
Documents.center/state.html

----------------------------

Community Corrections Contacts

The Center for Community Corrections has provided the following information
about Community Corrections subsidies at the state level. Community
Corrections Acts are statewide programs that may fund mother-child projects.
See the Center's website at http://www.communitycorrectionsworks.org for
additional information.

----------------------------

Alabama--Alabama Community Punishment and Corrections Act of 1991 

State of Alabama Department of Corrections
PO Box 301501
Montgomery, AL 36130
334-353-3870
http://www.agencies.state.al.us/doc

Arizona--Community Punishment Program 

Arizona Adult Services Division
Administrative Office of the Courts
Arizona Supreme Court
1501 W. Washington St.
Suite 344
Phoenix, AZ 85007-3327
602-255-4232
http://www.adc.state.az.us:81

Arkansas--Community Punishment 

Arkansas Department of Correction
PO Box 8707
Pine Bluff, AR 71611-8707
Board of Correction and Community Punishment 
870-267-6754
http://www.state.ar.us/doc

California--Community-Based Punishment Act of 1994 

California Board of Corrections
600 Bercutt Dr.
Sacramento, CA 95814
http://www.cdc.state.ca.us

Colorado--Community Corrections Programs 

Colorado Community Corrections 
2862 South Circle Drive
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906-4195
Telephone: (719) 579-9580
FAX: (719) 226-4455
http://www.doc.state.co.us

Florida--Community Corrections Partnership Act 

Florida Community Corrections Division
Department of Corrections
2601 Blair Stone Rd.
Tallahassee, FL 32301
850-487-3865
http://www.dc.state.fl.us/orginfo/ccor.html

Illinois--Probation Community Service Act 

Illinois Department of Corrections
1301 Concordia Court
Springfield, Illinois, 62794
217-522-2666 - 800-546-0844 TDD
http://www.idoc.state.il.us

Indiana--Community Corrections Division of Programs & Community
Services 

Indiana Government Center South 
302 West Washington St., E334 
Indianapolis, IN 46204-2738
(317) 232-5706
http://www.in.gov/indcorrection

Iowa--Community-based Correctional Program 

Division of Community Correctional Services
Iowa Department of Corrections
513 East 12th
Des Moines, IA 50309
515-242-5708
http://www.doc.state.ia.us

Kansas--Community Corrections Act 

Community Corrections Director
Department of Corrections
900 S.W. Jackson
Suite 400 N
Topeka, KS 66612-1284
785-296-4520
http://docnet.dc.state.ks.us

Kentucky--Community Corrections Program 

Department of Corrections
PO Box 2400
Frankfort, KY 40602-2400
502-564-4726
502-564-5037 (fax)
http://www.cor.state.ky.us

Louisiana--Community Rehabilitation Centers 

Department of Public Safety and Corrections
PO Box 94304
Baton Rouge, LA 70804
225-342-6744
http://www.corrections.state.la.us

Maryland--Community Adult Rehabilitation Centers 

Deputy Commissioner
Department of Corrections
6776 Reisterstown Rd.
Suite 310
Baltimore, MD 21215
410-585-3300
410-764-4373 (fax)
http://www.dpscs.state.md.us/doc

Massachusetts--Office of Community Corrections 

DOC Central Headquarters
50 Maple Street, Suite 3
Milford, MA 01757
508-422-3300
http://www.state.ma.us/doc

Michigan--Community Corrections Act

Office of Community Corrections
PO Box 30003
Lansing, MI 48909
517-373-0415
http://www.state.mi.us/mdoc

Minnesota--Community Corrections Act

Community Corrections
Minnesota Department of Corrections
1450 Energy Park Dr.
Suite 200
St. Paul, MN 55108-5219
651-642-0288
651-603-6768 (fax)
http://www.corr.state.mn.us/organization/commjuv/dccommjuv.html

North Carolina--North Carolina State-County Criminal Justice Partnership Act

Dept. of Community Corrections
2020 Yonkers Road
4250 Mail Service Center
Raleigh, NC 27699-4250
Telephone: (919) 716-3100
FAX: (919) 716-3996
http://www.doc.state.nc.us/dccomcor/

North Dakota--Penalties and Sentencing

North Dakota Department of Corrections
3303 E Main
PO Box 1898
Bismarck, ND 58502-1898
701-328-6390
701-328-6651 (fax)
http://www.state.nd.us/docr

Ohio--Community Based Correctional Facilities and Programs

Community Services
Ohio Department of Rehabilitation & Corrections
1050 Freeway Dr. North
Columbus, OH 43229
Bureau of Community Services: 614-752-1158
http://www.drc.state.oh.us

Oklahoma--Oklahoma Community Sentencing Act

Division of Community Sentencing
2200 N Classen Boulevard, Suite 1900,
Oklahoma City, OK 73106-5811
Telephone: 405-523 - 3075 
405-521 - 9316 (fax)
http://www.doc.state.ok.us

Oregon--Community Corrections

Community Corrections Division, Dept. of Corrections
2575 Center Street NE
Salem, OR 97301-4667
(503) 945-9050 
Fax: (503) 373-7810
http://www.doc.state.or.us

South Carolina--Community Corrections Incentive Act

South Carolina Department of Corrections
4444 Broad River Road, P. O. Box 21787
Columbia, South Carolina 29221-1787
http://www.state.sc.us/scdc/index.html
E-mail: corrections.info@doc.state.sc.us

South Dakota--Adult Community Corrections Facilities

Noninstitutional Programs and Planning
1115 E. Dakota Ave.
Pierre, SD 57501
Main Dept. of Corrections phone numbers:
605-773-3478
605-773-3194 (fax)
http://state.sd.us/corrections
E-mail: DOCInternetInfo@state.sd.us

Tennessee--Tennessee Community Corrections Act of 1985

Department of Corrections 
320 6th Ave. North
Nashville, TN 37243
615-741-1000
http://www.state.tn.us/correction

Texas--Community Justice Assistance Division

Community Justice Assistance Division
Texas Department of Criminal Justice
Price Daniel Bldg.
Suite 400
209 W. 14th St.
PO Box 13084
Austin, TX 78711
512-305-9300
http://www.tdcj.state.tx.us/cjad/cjad-home.htm

Vermont--Supervised Community Sentence

Vermont Department of Corrections
103 South Main St. 
Waterbury, Vt. 05671-1101 
802-241-2276
802-241-2565 (fax)
http://www.doc.state.vt.us

Virginia--Community Correctional Facilities and Programs

Department of Corrections 
Community Corrections
6900 Atmore Drive
Richmond, Virginia 23225
804-674-3244
http://www.vadoc.state.va.us

Washington--Sentence Reform Act of 1981

Dept. of Corrections
Office of the Secretary
PO Box 41101
Olympia, WA 98504-1101
Information Line:
360-753-1573
http://www.wa.gov/doc

Wyoming--Community Corrections

Wyoming Department of Corrections
700 W. 21st Street
Cheyenne, WY 82002
307-777-7208
http://doc.state.wy.us/corrections.html

----------------------------

PROBATION SUBSIDIES

Community corrections programs also are governed by other statewide
subsidies for probation, jail diversion, and pretrial services. Implementing
subsidies can include interagency agreements and contracts as well as grants,
per diem reimbursement and cooperative agreements. Community corrections
programs can be authorized and appropriated as an item within state agency
judiciary budgets. The following provides examples of contacts for states with
subsidy programs.

----------------------------

Connecticut--Community Corrections Services

Connecticut Department of Correction
24 Wolcott Hill Road
Wethersfield, CT 06109
860-692-7780
860-692-7783 (fax)
http://www.state.ct.us/doc

Maine--Community Corrections

Maine Department of Corrections
State House Station 111
Augusta, ME. 04333-0111
(207) 287-4360
FAX: (207) 287-4370
http://www.janus.state.me.us/corrections/homepage.htm

Missouri--Community Correcti ons Program

Missouri Department of Corrections
PO Box 236
Jefferson City, MO 65102
573-751-2389 
573-751-5984 (TTD)
573-751-4099 (fax)
http://www.corrections.state.mo.us

----------------------------

Law Related Resources

A variety of legal resources are available through the web, which provide a
foundation for searching for information. They include websites with legislation,
federal state and local laws and treatises, articles and references on various
subjects. For those opening new programs, the municipal codes are important
to research and these are available locally as well as on-line.

----------------------------

Project Hermes, Legal Information Institute provides comprehensive
information on current and past federal court cases going back to October
1998. LII has data on selected cases prior to 1998. The website also furnishes
a court calendar, biographies of U.S. Supreme Court justices, and a glossary of
legal terms.

Project Hermes, Legal Information Institute
http://supct.aw.cornell.edu/supct/index.html
To subscribe to the listserv, e-mail your name to:
listserv@listserv.law.cornell.edu
To order a CD-ROM of 624 historic pre-1990 Supreme Court cases, go to:
http://supct.law.cornell.edu/supct/cases/disk.htm

GPO Access Federal Bulletin Board contains U.S. Supreme Court opinions
and orders from the 1992-1993 session through the 1999-2000 session.

GPO Access Federal Bulletin Board
http://fedbbs.access.gpo.gov/court01.htm
E-mail: gpoaccess@gpo.gov

FindLaw has information about all U.S. Supreme Court cases from 1893.
Users can search by year, US Reports number, citation, and case title.

FindLaw
http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/supreme.html 

Library of Congress' "U.S. Judicial Branch Resources" provides a list of links to
sites that contain case information in both the federal and state court systems.

LC's "U.S. Judicial Brand Resources"
http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/judiciary.html - click on "Judicial Opinions"

CataLaw organizes law information by type and geographical region. CataLaw
also includes a heading with miscellaneous information helpful to current and
potential lawyers, particularly on legal education.

CataLaw
http://www.catalaw.com

FarisLaw contains 820 criminal cases from the USA, UK, Canada, and
Australia in downloadable form.

FarisLaw
http://www.farislaw.com
E-mail: faris@farislaw.com

WashLaw Web contains information on decisions from all federal circuit courts
as well as state court systems. WashLaw provides information on an array of
legal services and topics as well.

WashLaw Web, a service of the Washburn University School of Law
http://www.washlaw.edu
E-mail: zzlawlst@washburn.edu

Law.com furnishes a list of state court and federal cases on links to each state.
This also includes state legal practical information and resources links.

Law.com
http://www.lawnewsnetwork.com

FindLaw provides information in a myriad of legal fields, including services for
legal professionals and students.

FindLaw
http://www.findlaw.com

U.S. House of Representatives Internet Law Library includes "Federal Court
Decisions and Rules"

U.S. House of Representatives Internet Law Library "Federal Court Decisions
and Rules"
http://www.uscode.house.gov

FedLaw provides assistance in legal research by supplying information about
legislation, federal laws, and cases in the federal judiciary system on their
website.

FedLaw
http://www.legal.gsa.gov
E-mail: janice.mendenhall@gsa.gov

FedWorld contains the full text of U.S. Supreme Court decisions between
1937 and 1975 through the FLITE (Federal Legal Information Through
Electronics) system.

FedWorld
National Technical Information Service
Technology Administration
U.S. Department of Commerce
Springfield, VA 22161
703-605-6000
http://www.fedworld.gov/supcourt/

The Oyez Project, Northwestern University allows users to listen to oral
arguments from various U.S. Supreme Court cases.

The Oyez Project, Northwestern University
http://oyez.nwu.edu

THOMAS, Library of Congress, holds information on the Legislative Branch,
such as Bill summaries and status, back issues of the Congressional Record,
and data on committees.

Library of Congress
101 Independence Ave., SE
Washington, DC 20540
http://thomas.loc.gov

Government Information Web Page Template (from GODORT) provides the
necessary information and instructions for libraries to add a Governmental
Information site onto their website.

Government Information Web Page Template
http://www.library.unt.edu/gpo/template/readme.html

Indiana University School of Law--Bloomington has a virtual law library online.

Virtual Law Library, Indiana Univ.--Bloomington
http://www.law.indiana.edu/law/v-lib/states.html

Municipal Codes Corporation publishes local government Codes of
Ordinances.

Municipal Codes Corporation
800-262-2633
http://www.municode.com
E-mail: info@mail.municode.com

Seattle Public Libraries provides a host of Municipal Codes online. 

Seattle Public Libraries
206-386-4636
http://www.spl.lib.wa.us/govpubs/municode.html
E-mail: infospl@spl.org

----------------------------

Help for Professionals

The following are resources that may be helpful to gaining assistance of law and
justice professionals. Many of these groups have standards, policies, references
and assistance for female offenders listed on websites.

----------------------------

American Bar Association is a professional organization with defense lawyers,
prosecutors, judges, child advocates, correctional and other professionals.
Through its criminal justice section it develops standards, policies and research
related to community corrections and sentencing. 

American Bar Association
Criminal Justice Section 
740 115th Street NW
Washington, DC 20502-0002
202-395-6700
http://www.abanet.org

American Correctional Association is a membership organization composed of
criminal justice professionals that provides standards, training and technical
assistance for community corrections, female offenders and their families. 

American Correctional Association
4380 Forbes Blvd.
Lanham, MD 20706
800-222-5646
http://www.corrections.com/aca/
E-mail: jeffw@aca.org

American Jail Association provides technical assistance information and training
to professionals in jails and community correctional facilities throughout the
country. 

American Jail Association
2053 Day Road, Suite 100
Hagerstown, MD 21740-9795
301-790-3930
http://www.corrections.com/aja/
E-mail: jails@worldnet.att.net

American Judges Association provides technical assistance, support and
research for improving the courts and providing judicial leadership in the area of
court management. 

American Judges Association
National Center for State Courts
300 Newport Ave., P.O. Box 8798
Williamsburg, VA 23187-8798
804-259-1841
http://www.aja.ncsc.dni.us/
E-mail: srockwell@ncsc.dni.us

American Probation and Parole Association is a membership organization of
individuals who work in parole, probation, the courts and juvenile justice.
APPA provides research and training to professionals in the field. 

American Probation and Parole Association
Council of State Governments
P.O. Box 2167 
Lexington, KY 40595-2167
606-244-8207
http://www.appa-net.org
E-mail: appa@csg.org

International Community Corrections Association is a membership organization
dedicated to promoting and enhancing community-based criminal justice and
alternative services. This includes effective community corrections and
management programs. 

International Community Corrections Association
P.O. Box 1987 
La Crosse, WI 54602
608-785-0200
608-784-5335
http://www.iccaweb.org
E-mail: icca@execpc.com

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges strives to serve children
and their families through improved juvenile and family courts. The Council
emphasizes education and applied research and improved standards, practices
and effectiveness in juvenile courts.

National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
University of Nevada, Reno
1041 N. Virginia Street, 3rd Floor
Reno, NV 89507
(775) 784- 6012 
(775) 784-6628
http://www.ncjfcj.unr.edu
E-mail: admin@ncjfcj.unr.edu

National Legal Aid and Defender Association is a membership organization
serving those who seek equal access to justice. It emphasizes improving the
justice system especially in the area of delivery of legal services to impoverished
communities.

National Legal Aid and Defender Association
1625 K Street NW Suite 800
Washington, DC 30006-1604
202-452-0620
Fax: 202-872-1031
http://www.nlada.org
E-mail: info@nlada.org

National Sheriff's Association is a membership organization dedicated to
improving information and programs serving criminal justice professionals at the
local and state levels. 

National Sheriff's Association
1450 Duke Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-3490
703-836-7827
http://www.sheriffs.org
E-mail: nsamail@sheriffs.org

National TASC is a membership organization representing individuals and
programs dedicated to the professional delivery of treatment and case
management services to substance abusing populations.

National TASC
300 I Street, NE, Suite 207 
Washington, DC 20002 
202-544-8343 
Fax: 202-544-8344
Email: nattasc@aol.com, ingainer@nationaltasc.org

Pretrial Services Association provides training, technical assistance and
research to pretrial services professionals. 

Pretrial Services Resource Center
1010 Vermont Ave. NW Suite 300
Washington, DC 20005
202-638-3080
202-347-0493
E-mail:psrc@pretrial.org

----------------------------

Help for Children, Families, and Offenders

The following groups are among the most important and relevant serving
families of offenders, and their communities, helping to reintegrate them into
their communities, and providing advocacy. 

----------------------------

The Center for Restorative Justice and Peacemaking develops restorative
responses to violence and crime with an emphasis on community safety and
social harmony. 

The Center for Restorative Justice and Peacemaking
http://ssw.che.umn.edu/rjp/Resources/Resource.htm#Research Findings
E-mail: rjp@tlcmail.che.umn.edu

The Child Care Law Center works to make health care available and
affordable for all families. 

Child Care Law Center
973 Market Street, Suite 550
San Francisco, CA 94103
415-495-5498
Fax: 415-495-6734

Child Help USA is an organization whose mission is to fight against child abuse
by providing a place for reporting crimes. The web site also has a section
designated for children. 

Child Help USA
15757 N. 78th Street
Scottsdale, AZ 85260
480-922-8212
Fax: 480-922-7061
National Child Abuse Hotline
1-800-4-A-CHILD
http://www.childhelpusa.org

The Family and Corrections Network is a gateway to research on the families
of offenders, including resources on children of prisoners, parenting programs
for prisoners, prison visiting, and prison marriage.

The Family and Corrections Network
32 Oak Grove Road
Palmyra, VA 22963
804-589-3036
Fax: 804-589-6520
http://www.fcnetwork.org

Justice Fellowship cooperates with local, state, and federal policy makers to
develop biblically based reforms to the adult and juvenile justice systems. 

Justice Fellowship
P.O. Box 16069
Washington, DC 20041-6069
703-904-7312
Fax: 703-478-9679
http://www.justicefellowship.org

League of Women Voters of the United States is a non-partisan political
organization that strives for the active participation of citizens in government,
fosters increased public understanding of major policy issues, and influences
public policy through education and advocacy. 

League of Women Voters of the United States
1730 M Street NW, Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20036
202-429-1965
Fax: 202-429-0854
http://www.lwv.org

National Center for Assault Prevention creates workshops for parents,
teachers, and children to prevent child sexual abuse. 

National Center for Assault Prevention
606 Delsea Drive
Sewell, NJ 08080
609-582-7000
http://www.ncap.org

National Center for Juvenile Justice (NCJJ) works to improve the quality of
justice for children and families by conducting research and providing
information to increase effectiveness in the juvenile and family justice system. 

National Center for Juvenile Justice (NCJJ)
710 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3000
Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3000
412-227-6950
http://www.ncjj.org
E-mail: ncjj@ncjj.org

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children is a 24-hour hotline that
takes calls with information on missing children. 

National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
800-843-5678
2101 Wilson Blvd., Suite 550
Arlington, VA, 22201
703-235-3900

National Center on Institutions and Alternatives is committed to the
development of professional services that advocate timely intervention and
unconditional care in all facets of correctional systems. 

National Center on Institutions and Alternatives
32125 Mount Vernon Avenue
Alexandria VA 22314
703-684-0373
http://www.ncianet.org/ncia/home.html

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information is a resource
for those seeking information on child abuse and neglect and child welfare. 

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information
330 C Street, SW
Washington, DC 20447
800-394-3366
http://www.calib.com/nccanch/

National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse is a volunteer-based organization
that fights child abuse through education, advocacy, and research. 

National Committee to Prevent Child Abuse
332 South Michigan Ave., Suite 1600
Chicago, IL 60604
312-663-3520
Fax: 312-939-8962

National Runaway Switchboard is a volunteer organization that provides crisis
intervention and referrals for the families and young people involved. 

National Runaway Switchboard
Information Department
3080 N. Lincoln Avenue
Chicago, IL, 60657
800-626-4000
http://www.nrscrisisline.org
E-mail: info@nrscrisisline.org

Partnership for a Drug-Free America provides information about specific illegal
drugs as well as the latest updates from the frontlines of the war against drugs
around the nation. 

Partnership for a Drug-Free America
PDFA
405 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10174
800-662-4357 (hotline)
http://www.drugfreeamerica.org

Points of Light Foundation works to engage citizens effectively in community
service to help solve serious social problems. 

Points of Light Foundation
1400 I Street, NW, 8th Floor
Washington, DC 20005
202-729-8000
http://www.pointsoflight.org
E-mail: info@pointsoflight.org

The Sentencing Project is an independent source for policy makers and the
public, focusing on criminal justice policy analysis, data and program
information. 

The Sentencing Project
514 10th Street, NW, Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20004
202-628-0871
Fax: 202-628-1091
http://www.sentencingproject.org
E-mail: staff@sentencingproject.org

Study Circles Resource Center works to help communities bring diverse groups
into face-to-face dialog on public issues.

Study Circles Resource Center
P.O. Box 203
697 Pomfret Street
Pomfret, CT 06258
860-928-2616
http://www.studycircles.org

Volunteers in Prevention, Probation and Prisons, Inc. (VIPP) strives to reduce
repeat offending in the juvenile and criminal justice system by encouraging the
development of community justice programs.

Volunteers in Prevention, Probation and Prisons, Inc. (VIPP)
163 Madison Avenue, Suite 120
Detroit, MI 48226
313-964-1110
http://comnet.org/vip/

Volunteers of America is a national faith-based organization that provides local
human service programs and opportunities for individual and community
involvement. 

Volunteers of America
National Office
1660 Duke Street
Alexandria, VA 22314-3421
800-899-0089
703-341-5000
Fax: 703-341-7000
http://www.voa.org
E-mail: voa@voa.org

----------------------------

Publications

"1998 Margaret Mead Award Address: Rational Policies for Reforming
Offenders," Paul Gendreau, PhD, in Assessment to Assistance: Programs for
Women in Community Corrections, Maeve McMahon, PhD, Lanham,
Maryland: American Correctional Association, 2000, pp. 329-338.

The 1999 Directory of Juvenile and Adult Correctional Departments,
Institutions, Agencies, and Paroling Authorities, American Correctional
Association, April 1999.

"Addicted Women and Crime," M.D. Anglin and Y Hser. In Criminology, 25,
1987. Pp. 359-397.

"The Adoption of Safe Families Act" (P.L. 105-89).

"Assessing Women Offenders: What Works," Laurence L. Motiuk, PhD and
Kelley Blanchette, MA, in Assessment to Assistance: Programs for Women in
Community Corrections, Maeve McMahon, PhD, Lanham, Maryland:
American Correctional Association, 2000, pp. 235-266.

"Assessment of and Services for Substance-Abusing Women Offenders in
Community and Correctional Settings," M.L. Prendergast, J. Wellisch, and
G.P. Falkin. In The Prison Journal 75(2), 1995, pp. 240-256.

"Assisting Female Offenders: Art of Science? -- Chairperson's Commentary,"
Maeve McMahon, PhD, in Assessment to Assistance: Programs for Women in
Community Corrections, Maeve McMahon, PhD, Lanham, Maryland:
American Correctional Association, 2000, pp. 279-328.

A Vision Beyond Survival: A Resource Guide for Incarcerated Women, 1995,
National Women's Law Center, 11 Dupont Circle NW, Suite 800,
Washington, DC, 20036, 202-588-5180.

"Beyond Recidivism: Perspectives on Evaluation of Programs for Female
Offenders in Community Corrections, Barbara Bloom, PhD, in Assessment to
Assistance: Programs for Women in Community Corrections, Maeve
McMahon, PhD, Lanham, Maryland: American Correctional Association,
2000, 107-138.

Bulletin: Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 1997, by D.K. Gilliard and A.J.
Beck (NCJ 167247), 1996. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Washington, DC,
U.S. Department of Justice, 1998b.

"Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report, Women in Prison," Lawrence A.
Greenfeld and Stephanie Minor-Harper, 1991.

"Bureau of Justice Statistics, Women Offenders," Lawrence A. Greenfeld and
Stephanie Minor-Harper, NCJ 175688, December 1999.

"Children, Families, and Correctional Supervision: Current Policies and New
Directions," Creasie Finney Hairston, PhD, Shonda Wills, MSW, Nancy Wall,
MSW, 1996.

"The Comparative Costs and Benefits of Programs to Reduce Crime: A
Review of National Research Findings with Implications for Washington State,"
S. Aos, P. Phipps, R. Barnoski, and R. Lieb. Washington State Institute for
Public Policy, May 1999, p. 8. 

A Coordinated Approach to Managing the Drug Involved Offender: The
Second Report of the Treatment Access Committee, A Permanent Committee
of the Delaware Sentencing Accountability Commission, E.A. Peyton. March
11, 1994.

Correctional Populations in the United States, T.L. Snell, (NCJ 156241),
1993. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Washington, DC: US Dept. of Justice,
1995a.

Creating Choices. Task Force on Federally Sentenced Women. Ottawa:
Correctional Service of Canada, 1990.

"Criminal Justice and Crime Prevention," D. MacKenzie. In Preventing Crime:
What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising. A Report to the United States
Congress Prepared for the National Institute of Justice, 1997.

"Developments in the Law, Alternative Sanctions for Female Offenders,"
Harvard Law Review, 1998.

"Downward Departures Under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: Are
Parenthood and Pregnancy Appropriate Sentencing Considerations?" Tracy
Tyson, Rev. Law and Women's Studies, 1993.

Drug Abusing Women Offenders: Results of a National Survey," NIJ Research
in Brief. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, October 1994.

"An End to Silence: Women Prisoners' Handbook on Identifying and
Addressing Sexual Misconduct," Brenda V. Smith, National Institute of Justice
Papers from the Executive Sessions on Sentencing and Corrections, Sept.
1999, (not gender specific).

Establishing Substance Abuse and the American Woman, Center on Addiction
and Substance Abuse (CASA). New York: National Center on Addiction and
Substance Abuse at Columbia University, 1996.

"Expert and Offender Perceptions of Program Elements Linked to Successful
Outcomes for Incarcerated Women," B.A. Koons, J.D. Burrow M. Morash,
and T. Bynum. In Crime and Delinquency, 34, 1997, pp. 512-532.

"Family Based Crime Prevention," Lawrence Sherman, in Preventing Crime:
What Works, What Doesn't, What's Promising, by University of Maryland,
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Office of Justice Programs
Research Report, NCJ 165366, February 1997.

"Family Preservation Using Multisystemic Therapy: An Effective Alternative to
Incarcerating Serious Juvenile Offenders," S.W. Henggeler, G.B. Melton and
L.A. Smith. In the Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, vol. 60,
1992, pp. 953-961, cited in Blueprints for Violence Prevention Book Six:
Multisystemic Therapy (Boulder, CO: Center for the Study and Prevention of
Violence, 1998).

The Female Offender, Meda Chesney-Lind, 1997.

Female Offenders: Critical Perspectives and Effective Interventions, R.T.
Zaplin, Ed. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers, Inc., 1998.

The Female Offender, What Does the Future Hold?. American Correctional
Association, 1990.

"The Forgotten Offender: Effects of Federal Sentencing Policy on Women and
Their Children," Myrna S. Raeder, ABA Criminal Justice, Fall, 1993.

The Foster Care Handbook for Incarcerated Parents: A Manual of Your Legal
Rights and Responsibilities, Inmate Foster Care Committee, The Children's
Center, Bedford Hills Correctional Facility, Bedford Hills, NY.

Gender, Crime, and Punishment, Kathleen Daly, 1994.

Gender Differences in Biological and Sociological Predictors of Crime,
Deborah W. Denno, Vt. L. Rev., 1997.

"A Guide to New York's Criminal Justice System" and "A Guide to New
York's Child Welfare System," Women's Prison Association and South
Brooklyn Legal Services, Family Law Unit. Women's Prison Association, 110
Second Avenue, New York, NY 10003, 212-674-1163.

"Helping Women to Recover: Creating Gender-Specific Treatment for
Substance-Abusing Women and Girls in Community Corrections," Stephanie S.
Covington, PHD, LCSW, in Assessment to Assistance: Programs for Women
in Community Corrections, Maeve McMahon, PhD, Lanham, Maryland:
American Correctional Association, 2000, pp. 171-234. 

"Inmate Needs and Programming in Exclusively Women's Jails," T. Gray, G.L.
Mays, and M.K. Stohr. In The Prison Journal 75(2), 1995, pp. 186-202.

Innovative Strategies and Programs. Washington, DC: National Institute of
Corrections, 1992.

Intermediate Sanctions for Women Offenders. Intermediate Sanctions for
Female Offenders Policy Group, 1995. Oregon Criminal Justice Council and
the Oregon Dept. of Corrections.

"Institutional Classification of Females: Problems and Some Proposals for
Reform," Tim Brennan. In R.T. Zaplin, ed., Female Offenders: Critical
Perspectives and Effective Interventions. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers,
Inc., 1998.

"Is Assisting Female Offenders an Art or Science? Reflections on the 1998
ICCA Conference on Women and Juvenile Females in Community
Corrections, Part 1: Consensus and Contradictions," Maeve McMahon,
Women, Girls & Criminal Justice, February/March 2001, volume 2, no. 2.

"'It's a Family Affair'--The Incarceration of the American Family: Confronting
Legal and Social Issues," Justin Brooks and Kimberly Bahna, University of San
Francisco Law Review, Winter 1994, volume 28, page 271.

Managing Female Offenders: A System Response and Agency Plan, Federal
Bureau of Prisons, July 1998.

Maternal Ties: A Selection of Programs for Female Offenders, Cynthia Blinn,
Ed., American Correctional Association, http://www.corrections.com/aca,
800-222-5646

"Meeting the Needs of Children of Incarcerated Parents," Ann Metcalf Craig,
Child Law Practice, August 1998, American Bar Association's Center on
Children and the Law.

"Meeting the Special Needs of Females in Custody: Maryland's Unique
Approach," LaMont W. Flanagan, Federal Probation, June 1995.

"Modified Wraparound and Women Offenders in Community Corrections:
Strategies, Opportunities, and Tensions," Beth Glover Reed, PhD and Maureen
E. Leavitt, MSW, in Assessment to Assistance: Programs for Women in
Community Corrections, Maeve McMahon, PhD, Lanham, Maryland:
American Correctional Association, 2000, pp. 1-106. 

"Multisystemic Treatment of Serious Juvenile Offenders: Long-Term Prevention
of Criminality and Violence," C.M. Borduin, B.J. Mann, L.T. Cone, S.W.
Henggeler, B.R. Fucci, D.M. Blaske and R.A Williams. Journal of Consulting
and Clinical Psychology, vol. 63, no. 4, 1995, pp. 569-578.

"National Study of Women's Correctional Programs," R.M. Glick and V.V.
Neto. In B.R. Price and N.J. Sokoloff, eds., The Criminal Justice System and
Women. New York: Clark Boardman, 1982.

"Not Ordinarily Relevant? Considering the Defendant's Children at Sentencing,"
Eleanor Bush, 54 Federal Probation, 1990, page 15.

"'Not Part of My Sentence': Violations of the Human Rights of Women in
Custody," Amnesty International Report, March 1999.

Parenting from a Distance: Your Rights and Responsibilities, Jan Walker, M.A.,
Danville, Illinois: The Interstate Printers & Publishers, 1987. 

Parents in Prison, James Boudouris. American Correctional Association,
http://www.corrections.com/aca, 800-222-5646

Patriarchy, Prisons and Jails: A Critical Look at Trends in Women's
Incarceration, Meda Chesney-Lind, Prison J., 1991.

"Penal Policies and Women Inmates in the 1990s," Candace Kruttschnitt and
Rosemary Gartner, Women, Girls & Criminal Justice, February/March 2001,
volume 2, no. 2.

"Permanency Planning in the Context of Parental Incarceration: Legal Issues
and Recommendations," Philip Genty, Child Welfare, September/October
1998, 543-559.

P.L. 104-120, the "Housing Opportunity Program Extension Act of 1996,"
which permits housing authorities to exclude individuals who have had past
alcohol an drug problems on the basis of little evidence of an on-going threat or
risk to other tenants.

"Pregnant, Addicted, and Sentenced," Ellen Barry, ABA Criminal Justice,
Winter 1991.

"A Prison Superintendent's Perspective on Women in Prison," E.A. Lord. In
The Prison Journal 75(2), 1995, pp. 257-269.

Profile of the Female Offender: A Statistical Analysis, F. Gonzalez. Trenton,
NJ: New Jersey Dept. of Corrections, Bureau of Community and Correctional
Services, January 1996.

"Profiling the Needs of California's Female Prisoners: An Overview of Prison
Programs," B. Bloom, E. Leonard, and B. Owen. Paper presented at the
American Society of Criminology Annual Meeting, Miami, Florida, November
9-12, 1994.

"Profiling Women Prisoners: Findings from the National Surveys and a
California Sample, B. Owen and B. Bloom. In The Prison Journal, 752, 1995,
pp. 165-185.

"Program Structure and Effective Correctional Practices: A Summary of
CAVIC Research", D.A. Andrews and J. Kiesling. In R. Ross and P.
Gendreau, eds., Effective Correctional Treatment. Toronto: Butterworth Press,
1980.

"Protecting Children: Explaining Disparities in the Female Offender's Pretrial
Process, and Policy Issues Surrounding Lenient treatment of Mothers," Sean B.
Berberian, 10 Hastings Women's L.J., 1999, page 369.
"Putting Women First," Mary Coombs, Michigan Law Review, 1995.

The Release Study: Survey of Federally Sentenced Women in the Community,
L. Shnourd, and D.A. Andrews. Ottawa: Ministry of the Solicitor General,
1991.

Report of the Task Force on Federally Sentenced Women. Task Force on
Federally Sentenced Women. Ottawa: Ministry of the Solicitor General, 1990.

"Rethinking Sentencing and Correctional Policy for Non-Violent Drug
Offenders," Myrna S. Raeder, Criminal Justice, Summer 1999.

"The Sentencing Guidelines: Downward Departures Based on a Defendant's
Extraordinary Family Ties and Responsibilities," Minnesota Law Review, 1993. 

"Sentencing under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: Effects of Defendant
Characteristics, Guilty Pleas, and Departures on Sentence Outcomes for Drug
Offenses, 1991-92," Celesta A. Albonetti, Law & Society Rev., 1997, page
789.

"Sex Effects and Sentencing: An Analysis of the Statistical Literature," Kathleen
Daly and Rebecca L. Bordt, Justice Quarterly, 1995.

"Short Term Behavioral Intervention with Delinquent Families: Impact on
Family Process and Recidivism," J.F. Alexander and B.V. Parsons. Journal of
Abnormal Psychology, vol. 81, 1973, pp. 219-225, cited in Blueprints for
Violence Prevention Book Three: Functional Family Therapy (Boulder, CO:
Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, 1998).

Citing Drug and Alcohol Programs-Legal Challenges to the NIMBY Syndrome
(TAP #14), 1995, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.

The Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics, 1998, Kathleen Maguire and
Ann L. Pastore, eds., available online at http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook.

State and Federal Prisons Report Record Growth During Last 12 Months.
Press Release, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Dec. 3, 1995b.

"A Systems Approach to the Design and Implementation of a Day Program for
Women Offenders," R.T. Zaplin. In J.B. Morton, ed., Complex Challenges:
Collaborative Solutions, Programs for Adult and Juvenile Female Offenders.
Lanham, MD: American Correctional Association, 1998, pp. 129-140.

"Terminating Parental Rights of Incarcerated Parents," Carol Amadio and
Rosemary Mulryan, Chicago Bar Association Record, February 1992.

"Termination of Parental Rights Among Prisoners," Philip Genty, in Children of
Incarcerated Parents, Katherine Gabel and Denise Johnston, eds., New York:
Lexington Books, 1995, pp. 167-182.

"Treatment of Drug Abuse," M.D. Anglin and Y. Hser. In M. Tonry and J.Q.
Wilson, eds., Drugs and Crime. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

"The True and Only Discourse--Secular Reason and Prison Reform," Andrew
Skotnicki, in Assessment to Assistance: Programs for Women in Community
Corrections, Maeve McMahon, PhD, Lanham, Maryland: American
Correctional Association, 2000, pp. 267-278.

Voices from Within: Women Who Have Broken the Law, E.K. Sommers.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1979.

"'What About the Kids?': Parenting Issues in Sentencing," Hon. Patricia M.
Wald, Federal Sent. R., July/Aug. 1997 (originally published at Fed. Sent. R.,
Nov/Dec. 1995).

"What to do about Girls? Thinking about Programs for Young Women," Meda
Chesney-Lind, PhD, in Assessment to Assistance: Programs for Women in
Community Corrections, Maeve McMahon, PhD, Lanham, Maryland:
American Correctional Association, 2000, 139-170.

When a Mother is Arrested: How the Criminal Justice and Child Welfare
Systems Can Work Together More Effectively, by the Women's Prison
Association, 110 Second Avenue, New York, NY 10003, 212-674-1163.

Why Punish the Children? A Reappraisal of the Children of Incarcerated
Mothers in America, Barbara Bloom and D. Steinhart. San Francisco: National
Council on Crime and Delinquency, 1993.

"Women and the Criminal Justice System," Consuelo B. Marshall, Pepperdine
Law Review, 1993.

"Women Drug Couriers: Sentencing Reform Needed for Prisoners of War,"
Tracy Huling, ABA Criminal Justice, 1995.Women in California Prisons:
Hidden Victims of the War on Drugs, Barbara Bloom, Meda Chesney- Lind,
and B. Owen. San Francisco: Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, 1994.

"Women in Criminal Justice: A Twenty Year Update: Special Report, United
States Office of Justice Programs," NCJ 173416, 1998.

Women in Jail in 1989. Bureau of Justice Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, 1994.

"Women in Prison: Approaches in the Treatment of Our Most Invisible
Population," Stephanie Covington. Women in Therapy 21 (1), 1999. In press.

"Women in Prison: Issues and Challenges Confronting U.S. Correctional
Systems," a report by the U.S. General Accounting Office to the Hon. Eleanor
Holmes Norton, House of Representatives, December 1999.

Women in Prison: Programs and Alternatives. U.S. Senate Committee on the
Judiciary Hearing re. S. 1158, Family Unity Demonstration Act 29, June 1993.
Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. CIS Microfiche J103-20. Pp.
28-36, 48-54.

Women Offenders: Programming Needs and Promising Approaches, Merry
Morash, Timothy S. Bynum, and Barbara A. Koons, National Institute of
Justice Research in Brief, August 1998.

"The Women's Prison Association: Supporting Women Offenders and Their
Families," Catherine Conly, National Institute of Justice Program Focus, NCJ
172858, December 1998. 

"Women's Prisons Revisited," B. Owen and C. Horwitz. Paper presented to
the American Society of Criminology, San Francisco, 1991.

"You Can Never Go Home Again: The Florida Legislature Adds Incarceration
to the List of Statutory Grounds for Termination of Parental Rights," The Hon.
Jean M. Johnson and Christa N. Flowers, Florida State University Law
Review, 1998, volume 25.

----------------------------

X. Policy, Research, and Evaluation

About Research and Policy Sources

This part focuses on: 1) applying the research from related fields to program
design, 2) developing program evaluations and 3) using research and evaluation
to inform policies related to mother-child programs. Chapter Ten highlights
sources of information about research methods and findings, evaluation
methods and the relationship of research to policies. 

Why do MCCC planners apply research in developing a program?

Most federal and foundation grant applications expect applicants for funding to
show that they have researched a subject and that they will apply the research
of a particular discipline in a way that is likely to increase program success.
When program planners apply for funding or evaluate existing programs, they
turn to sources of information and technical assistance that refer to research,
policy development and evaluation methodologies. Research information helps
to define the scope of the problems to be addressed, the soundness of the
proposed program and the organization's ability to respond to these challenges.
Research findings can point out the need for both comprehensive and
specialized services. Research can help set priorities for service delivery and
facilitate meeting public safety requirements. Grant reviewers will seldom fund
projects that are inconsistent with proven methods and a body of research
concerning effective correctional programs and child development and welfare.

Why are program evaluation design methods critical to MCCC program
development?

In order for program planners to know whether their programs are effective,
they consider applied research and feedback from an ongoing evaluation.
Program planners must design programs from the beginning with evaluation
components that give them the management tools to improve programs and
measure their effectiveness. In order to do this they should use the assistance of
federal agencies, and the skills of an experienced evaluator. Most colleges and
Universities have evaluators who are willing to assist in evaluation of such
programs. In addition to evaluation design issues there is an obstacle to
financing an evaluation component. When potential funders review a grant
application, they look for an evaluation plan that will yield findings showing
program outcomes, and demonstrated measures of success. Without such
measures, they may be reluctant to take a risk and fund the project.

Why should research and evaluation information be available to inform policies
related to MCCC supervision and family issues?

Policymakers indicate a desire to obtain better quality research and evaluation
data in order to make program choices that are informed by data and sound
policies. However, applying research to programs involves a number of choices
about balancing the interests of the community, the best interests of children,
and the needs of female offender clients. Such applications are difficult to make
and can be controversial. Although there are numerous programs that serve
both offender mothers and their offspring, there is a paucity of data on mother-
child programs. This is due to a lack of resources committed for research and
evaluation. Most programs concentrate on delivering services. Additionally, the
small size of individual programs hampers quantitative analysis. Few programs
have computerized management information systems needed to collect data and
measure outcomes. 

The application of research into practice is shaped by the professional
disciplines that are involved in administering programs. For example, if the
program is administered by a Department of Corrections, it is likely to place a
high priority on security and offender accountability, and data collection and
program evaluations will focus on correctional measures. On the other hand, if a
program is administered by a probation or parole agency, it may emphasize
meeting requirements of the court for program participation. If the lead agency
is a substance abuse or mental health provider, then those disciplines may
predominate. Most of these administrative agencies will collect child specific
information but they are not child-focused in their evaluations and outcomes. 

The research that has guided mother-child programs in the past was based on
large studies of predominantly male offenders. As a result, a number of
researchers have questioned the validity of generalizing such findings to female
offender populations. There has been a growing effort to develop gender
specific research to document what works for female populations. Where
research, policy and evaluation information exists in the mother-child field, such
information is based on a relatively small number of studies. 

Typically, the evidence from a number of sectors is analyzed to provide
program administrators with evidenced based principles. Such principles can
then be applied to correctional practices and human services. For example,
from the fields of child development and parent education, it is recognized that
parent involvement in the life of the child and positive parenting strengthen ties
and enhance child development. From the fields of education and psychology,
there is information about the importance of educational attainment for both the
mother and the child. In the area of criminal justice, research about female
offender characteristics and needs contribute to an understanding of factors
associated with high risk behaviors. In the behavioral and health services areas,
research guides treatment of diseases, mental health and chemical dependency
problems. In the fields of employment and housing, research guides how
practitioners address the needs of homeless and unemployed female offenders
and their children.

Government and Educational Research and Evaluation Sources

Governmental and educational research sources for mother-child programs are
multi-disciplinary. Each major federal agency that serves some component of
mother-child interests has a research branch. Additionally, there are quasi-
governmental research institutes and educational centers that serve as resources
for the multidisciplinary mother-child programs. The following agencies and
educational contacts provide places to explore existing research. Some provide
funding for research or conduct research, or provide technical assistance and
information about research applications.

----------------------------

Bureau of Justice Statistics, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of
Justice--Re gathers data, analyzes and publishes information about female
offenders and their children. Program planners can use BJS data for analyzing
their program needs and for grants. 

Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street, NW 
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-0765
E-mail:askbjs@ojp.usdoj.gov
http://www.ojp.usdoj.go/bjs

Center for Behavioral Health, Justice and Public Policy, University of Maryland
School of Medicine provides research on mental health, treatment of offenders
and public policy issues. Program planners can access information about
evaluation research and technical assistance related to special populations and
families. 

Center for Behavioral Health, Justice and Public Policy, University of
Maryland, School of Public Medicine, Room 300 MSTF
685 West Baltimore Street,
Baltimore, MD 213201
410-706-2490
http://www.umaryland.edu/behavioraljustice

Centers for Disease Control--Re is the chief federal agency involved in
protecting people's health through education and promotion campaigns as well
as research into disease control and environmental health. 

Centers for Disease Control Public Inquiries Office
1600 Clifton Road, NE
Atlanta, GA 30333
404-639-3311
http://www.cdc.gov

Center for Substance Abuse Research is primarily involved in the collection and
dissemination of data on substance abuse. Program planners will find up to date
information on substance abuse trends, treatment, and evaluation. 

Center for Substance Abuse Research
University of Maryland, College Park
4321 Hartwick Road, Suite 501
College Park, MD 20740
301-403-8329 Fax: 301-403-8342
http://wwwcesar.umd.edu
E-mail: CESAR@cesar.umd.edu

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP)--$, TA is the division of the
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration (SAMHSA) concerned
with substance abuse prevention. CSAP has information online about many of
their campaigns and programs against substance abuse. 

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
SAMHSA
U.S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services
5600 Fishers Lane, Rockwall II
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-0365 
http://www.samhsa.gov/csap

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT)--$, TA is the division of the
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
concerned with substance abuse treatment. CSAT has information online about
many of their campaigns and programs for substance abuse treatment. 

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
SAMHSA 
U.S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services
5515 Security Lane
Rockville, MD 20852
301-443-5700
http://www.samhsa.gov/csat

Drug Court Clearinghouse & Technical Assistance Project (DCCTAP)--TA,
Re contains the latest drug court activities, publications, and information,
including a link to the Buffalo MIS system, the Drug Court Management
Information System. 

Drug Court Clearinghouse & Technical Assistance Project (DCCTAP)
American University
Justice Programs Office
4400 Massachusetts, Avenue, NW
Brandywine, Suite 660
Washington, DC 20016-8159
202-885-2875 Fax: 202-885-2885
http://www.american.edu/justice
E-mail: justice@american.edu

National AIDS Line provides up to date research, assistance and linkages on
the subject of HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention and assistance. 

National AIDS Line
1-800-342-AIDS
TTY/TDD: 1-800-AIDS-TTY
Spanish AIDS Line: 1-800-344-SIDA
Asian AIDS Line: 1-800-929-1304
National AIDS Information Clearinghouse: 1-800-458-5231 (access to articles
on AIDS)
AIDS Clinical Trials Information Center: 1-800-822-7422
Recorded information from the Center for Disease Control: 404-639-2838

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University--
Re strives to inform the public on the social and economic repercussions of
substance abuse and to provide resources for professionals engaged in
substance abuse prevention and treatment to use. 

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University
(CASA)
152 West 57th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019-3310
212-841-5200 Fax: 212-956-8020
http://www.casacolumbia.org

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI)--Re is a
center for information for people researching alcohol and drugs. 

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information
11426 Rockville Pike, Suite 200
Rockville, MD 20852
800-729-6686
http://www.health.org

National Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse--Re allows users to search drug and
crime publications. 

National Drugs and Crime Clearinghouse
http://virlib.ncjrs.org/DrugsAndCrime.asp

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)--Re provides statistics, informational
pamphlets, and research in drug-related issues. 

National Institute on Drug Abuse
U.S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services
5600 Fishers Lane, Room 18-49
Rockville, MD 20857
301-443-0107
http://www.nida.nih.gov

National Institute of Justice (NIJ)--Re provides information about research
concerning criminal justice programs including female offender programs. 

National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street, NW.
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-2942
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij

National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse--Re is a branch of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services that provides a centralized location
for users to search through many different organizations dedicated to health
issues. 

National Maternal and Child Health Clearinghouse
2070 Chain Bridge Road, Suite 450
Vienna, VA 22182
703-821-8955 (ask for ext. 254 or 265)
Fax: 703-821-2098
http://www.nmchc.org

National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center--Re provides education
and assistance to health care professionals dealing with children and families
affected by HIV/AIDS. 

National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center
30 Bergen Street, ADMC #4
Newark, NJ 07107
800-362-0071 or 973-972-0410
Fax: 973-972-0399
http://www.pedhivaids.org
E-mail: ortegaes@umdnj.edu

Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U. S. Department of
Education--Re conducts research through grants, and collects statistics and
distributes information. 

Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Dept. Of Education
555 New Jersey Ave. NW
Washington, DC 20208-5500
http://www.ed.gov/offices/OERI

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention--$, TA, Re conducts
surveys and research on juveniles and provides technical assistance on
prevention and delinquency. 

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Office of Justice Programs
U.S. Department of Justice
810 Seventh Street, NW
Washington, DC 20531
202-307-5911 or 202-307-2093
http://ojjdp.ncjrs.org/pubs/gangsum/html

Stone Center, Wellesley Center for Women provides information and research
concerning gender and cultural issues. 

Center for Research on Women
Wellesley College
106 Central Street
Wellesley, MA 02181-8259
617-283-2510
http://www.wellesley.edu
E-mail: wcw@wellesley.edu

U.S. Department of Education Research and Statistics provides a web page
with links to organizations and publications that are currently researching in the
field of education. 

U.S. Dept. Of Education
400 Maryland SW
Washington, D.C. 20202
1-800-USA-learn
http://www.ed.gov/stats.html

U.S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services, Children and Youth--$, TA, Re
suggests resources and provides recent information in areas relating to
improving social services for children. 

U.S. Dept. Of Health and Human Services, 
Children and Youth
http://aspe.os.dhhs.gov/hsp/hspyoung.htm

U.S. Dept. Of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Policy Development
and Research--Re provides information about housing needs, market
conditions and availability. HUD User is an online source for federal
government housing programs. 

U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development, 
Office of Policy Development and Research
451 7th Street, S.W. Room 8100
Washington, DC 20410
202-708-1600
http://www.huduser.org/about/pdrabout.html

U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics--Re gives recent data on
both domestic and international economic issues, career guides, inflation and
spending, employment, and productivity.

U.S. Dept. Of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Postal Square Bldg.
Two Massachusetts Ave, NE
Washington, DC 20212
202-691-5900
http://www.bls.gov

----------------------------

Private Research and Policy Information Sources

Private organizations that provide research related information can be helpful to
mother-child program planners. They are a source of expertise on questions
relating to child health and development, education, and special needs. They
can provide technical assistance, background information, research and
evaluation plans, and strategic and short-term interventions. Private
organizations offer service providers the experience of a particular field of
expertise. Some services are available for free and others require payment or
membership in an organization. Below are esearch service and information
providers related to MCCC programs.

----------------------------

Abt Associates, Inc. conducts research and policy guidance for governments.
Abt has done overviews and evaluations of community corrections acts,
probation, parole and alternatives to incarceration. 

Abt. Associations, Inc.
55 Wheeler Street
Cambridge, MA 02138-1168
617-492-7100
http://www.abatassoc.com/
E-mail: webmaster@abtassoc.com

American Bar Association (ABA) Criminal Justice Section provides research
and information on corrections, sentencing, female offenders, juveniles and the
law. 

American Bar Association Criminal Justice Section
740 15th Street, NW 
Washington, DC 20005-1009
202-662-1500 or 202-662-1501
http://www.abanet.org
E-mail: crimjustice@abanet.org

Children's Environmental Health Network provides research to keep children
safe from environmental dangers. 

Children's Environmental Health Network
110 Maryland Ave., NE Suite 511
Washington DC, 20002
202-543-4033 Fax: 202-543-8797 
http://www.cehn.org/index.html
E-mail: cehn@cehn.org

Family Resource Coalition of America provides advocacy, family programs,
conferences and technical assistance on resources pertaining to family support.

Family Resource Coalition of America 
20 North Wacker Dr. Suite 1100 
Chicago, IL 60606 
312-338-0900 
Fax: 312-338-1522 
http://www.frca.org/

Handsnet on the Web: Linking the Human Services Community Online allows
people throughout the field of Human Services to network and share
information and research via the Internet.

Handsnet, Inc.
2 North Second Street #375
San Jose, CA 95113
408-291-5111 Fax: 408-291-5119
http://www.handsnet.org/

Justice Research Center (JRC) conducts research on a variety of justice and
law-related subjects. 

Justice Research Center (JRC)
591 Lighthouse Avenue, Suite 24
Pacific Grove, CA 93950
831-655-1513 or 831-655-2983

National Association For Child Advocates provides support for state and local
advocacy groups. It offers a clearinghouse of research and information about
polices that affect children and their families. 

National Association for Child Advocates
1522 K Street NW, Suite 600 
Washington D.C. 20005-1202 
202-289-0777 Fax: 202-289-0776
http://www.childadvocacy.org
e-mail: naca@childadvocacy.org 

National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP) is made up of
attorneys, judges, treatment providers, corrections officials and others
concerned with the idea of developing treatment-oriented Drug Courts in the 

U.S. National Association of Drug Court Professionals
9901 North Pitt Street, Suite 370
Alexandria, VA 22314
703-706-0576 Fax: 703-706-0577
E-mail: NADCP1@aol.com

National Association of State Alcohol and Drug Abuse Directors
(NASADAD) is a non-profit organization dedicated to improving drug abuse
prevention and treatment programs around the country. NASADAD uses
research, training, public policy advocacy, and education to achieve its goals.  

National Association of State and Alcohol Drug Abuse Directors
808 17th Street NW, Suite 410
Washington, DC 20006
202-293-0090 Fax: 202-293-1250
http://www.nasadad.org
E-mail: dcoffice@nasadad.org

National Center for Juvenile Justice (NCJJ) conducts research and provides
objective, factual information that is utilized to increase the juvenile and family
justice systems' effectiveness. 

National Center for Juvenile Justice
710 Fifth Avenue, Suite 3000
Pittsburgh, PA 15219-3000
412-227-6950 Fax: 412-227-6955 
http://www.ncjj.org
E-mail: ncjjAncjj.org

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) conducts
research on chemical dependency treatment and its application to women,
families and communities. 

National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse 
152 West 57th Street, 12th Floor
New York, NY 10019-3310
212-841-5200 or 212-956-8020
http://www.casacolumbia.org

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information (NCCAN)
provides research information about treatment and prevention of child abuse
and neglect. 

National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information
330 C Street, SW 
Washington, DC 20447
800-394-3366 or 703-385-3206
http://www.calib.com/nccanch
E-mail: nccanch@calib.com

National Evaluation Data Services is designed to assist in developing databases,
tools and evaluation designs. 

National Evaluation Data Services (NEDS)
10530 Rosehaven St., Suite 400
Fairfax, VA 22030
8007-NEDTAC or 703-385-3206
http://neds.calib.com

National Gains Center conducts research and policy investigations concerning
mental health, behavioral care and justice issues. 

National GAINS Center
Policy Research, Inc.
262 Delaware Avenue
Delmar, NY 12054
1-800-311-4246
http://www.prainc.com

National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center provides education and
assistance to health care professionals dealing with children and families
affected by HIV/AIDS 

National Pediatric and Family HIV Resource Center
30 Bergen Street, ADMC #4
Newark, NJ 07107
800-362-0071 or 973-972-0410 
Fax: 973-972-0399
http://www.pedhivaids.org
E-mail: ortegaes@umdnj.edu

RAND is a multidisciplinary research and public policy organization that has
studied the effectiveness of drug treatment, community corrections and offender
programs. 

RAND
1700 Main Street
P.O. Box 2138
Santa Monica, California 90407-2138
310-393-0411 or 310-393-4818
http://www.rand.org
E-mail: correspondence@ rand.org

SEARCH, INC provides states with assistance in data, information
management and statistics. 

SEARCH, Inc.
7311 Greenshaven Drive, Suite 145
Sacramento, California 95831
916-392-2550 or 916-392-8440
http://www.search.org

Stand for Children Action Center encourages people to become volunteers,
defenders, and advocates for children. 

Stand for Children Action Center 
PO Box 75358 Washington DC 20013-5358 
800-663-4032 
http://www.stand.org 

----------------------------

References Concerning Policy, Research and Evaluation 

"Assessment and Classification of Patients with Psychiatric and Substance
Abuse Syndromes," A.F. Lehman, C.P. Myers, and E. Corty. Hospital and
Community Psychiatry 40(10), 1989, pp. 1019-1030.

"The CAGE Questionnaire: Validation of a New Alcoholism Screening
Instrument," D. Mayfield, G. McLeod, and P. Hall. American Journal of
Psychiatry 131(10), 1974, pp. 1121-1123.

Coordination of Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Services, F. Baker.
Technical Assistance Publication Series Number 4. Washington, DC: Office for
Treatment Improvement, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health
Administration, 1991.

"Drug Abuse as Self-Medication for Depression: An Empirical Study," R.D.
Weiss, M.L. Griffin, and S.M. Mirin. In American Journal of Drug and Alcohol
Abuse 18, 1992, pp. 121-129.

"Dual Diagnosis: Eating Disorders and Psychoactive Substance Dependence,"
J.R. Yeary and C.L. Heck. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 21(2), 1989, pp.
239-249.

An Evaluation of Program Effectiveness for the Forever Free Substance Abuse
Program at the California Institute for Women, Frontera California: Report to
the California Legislature. California Dept. of Corrections, office of Substance
Abuse Programs. Sacramento, CA, 1993.

"The Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders: Rates, Risks and Familial Patterns,"
M.M. Weissman. Journal of Psychiatric Research 22(Supp. 1), 1988, pp. 99-
114.

"The Efficacy of Brief Strategic/Structural Family Therapy in Modifying
Behavior Problems and an Exploration of the Role that Family Functioning
Plays in Behavior Change," D.A. Santiseban, J.Szapocznik, A. Perez-Vidal,
W.M. Kurtines, J.D. Coastworth, and A. LaPierre. Manuscript in preparation,
University of Miami, Center of Family Studies, cited in Szapocznik and
Williams, ibid.

"An Improved Diagnostic Evaluation Instrument for Substance Abuse Patients:
The Addiction Severity Index," A.T. McLellan, L. Luborsky, G.E. Woody, and
C.P. O'brien. 168, 1980, pp. 26-33.

"Long-Term Effects of Early Childhood Programs on Social Outcomes and
Delinquency," H. Yoshikawa. The Future of Children, Vol. 5. No. 3, Winter
1995.

A Model Prison Rehabilitation Program: An Evaluation of the "Stay'n Out"
Therapeutic Community, HkK. Wexler, G.P. Falkin, D.S. Lipton, A.B.
Rosenblum, and L.P. Goodloe. New York: Narcotic and Drug Research, Inc.
1988.

"Predicting Response to Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatments: The Role of
Psychiatric Severity," A.T. McLelland. Archives of General Psychiatry 40,
1983, pp. 620-625.

"The Role of Program Quality in Producing Early Childhood Program Benefits,"
E.C. Frede. In The Future of Children, Vol. 5, No. 3, Winter 1995.

A Study of Women on Parole Who Graduated from the Forever Free
Substance Abuse Program: Treatment Experiences, Needs, and Services,
Outcomes Final Report, M.L. Prendergast. J. Wellisch, and M.M. Wong. Los
Angeles: UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center, January 4, 1996.

"Treatment Failures; The Role of Sexual Victimization in Women's Addictive
Behavior," M.P. Root. In the American Journal of Ortho-psychiatry 59, 1989,
pp. 542-549. 

When Self-Help Isn't Enough, A.S. Winter. Washington, DC: Psychiatric
Institutes of America Press, 1990. 

----------------------------

XI. Foundation Resources

General information about Foundation and Corporate Donors

The Foundation Center clearinghouse with five libraries and many cooperating
collections around the country provides a great amount of information on
private foundations at nominal cost through its databases, custom search and
catalogues. The Foundation Center is dedicated to improving public access and
information about philanthropic organizations. 

Among its publications are: 

1. The Foundation Directory,
2. Grant Guides,
3. The Foundation Grants Index Quarterly,
4.  the Foundations Center's Guide to Grantseeking on the Web,
5.  National Guide to Funding for Children, Youth and Families, 
6. the National Directory of Corporate Giving and Corporate Foundation
Profiles.

The Foundation Center
79 Fifth Avenue/16th Street
Second Floor
New York, NY 10003-3076
800-424-9836
Fax: 212-807-3677
http://www.fdncenter.org

Where do planners look for private and foundation funding generally?

Private funding resources include a wide variety of groups. They range from
public interest groups to voluntary associations, professional organizations,
foundations, corporations, faith-based and volunteer organizations. In many
areas, locally based private foundations and civic groups are traditionally the
strongest supporters for those mother-child programs that have existed more
than 5 years. The locally based resources are very specialized and it is best to
check the many newsletters and publications that focus on private donors and
charities. The following list includes several good starting points for private
sources.

o  Nonprofit Resource Catalog
http://www.clark.net/pub/pwalker/home.html

This website devotes itself to helping non-profit organizations by providing a list
of sites of interest to nonprofit organizations.

o  Resource Publications
101 Ways to Raise Resources, by Sue Vineyard and Steve McCurley
Points of Light Foundation
Volunteer Marketplace Fulfillment Center
4280 Henniger Court
Chantilly, VA 22020
800-272-8306

This book is a basic list of tips on how to obtain resources and funding sources.

What general assistance is available for donations-in-kind of goods?

o Gifts-in-Kind International
333 North Fairfax Street, Suite 100
Alexandria VA 22314
703-836-2121
Fax: 703-549-1481
http://www.giftsinkind.org

The United Way Gifts-In-Kind program is one place to start looking for surplus
and used equipment. 

What types of general publications are available to locate corporate funding? 

Employers and corporations within a mother-child program's own community
are among the best sources of potential corporate donations. Many companies
like Target, K-Mart and others have corporate giving programs and assist in
the localities where they have sites. Some have related foundations that
emphasize certain priorities and geographic areas. The following references
offer information on corporate giving:

o  Annual Survey of Corporate Contributions
Published by The Conference Board, 
845 3rd Avenue, New York, NY 10022-6679. 
Phone: 212-759-0900 
Fax: 212-980-7014 
http://www.conference -board.org

o  Corporate 500: The Directory of Corporate Philanthropy
DataRex Foundation
358 Brannan Street
San Francisco, CA 94107
415-896-1900

o  Handbook on Private Foundations 
David F. Freeman and the Council on Foundations
September 1991
ISBN 0-87954-404-x

o  National Directory of Corporate Public Affairs
Columbia Books, Inc.
1825 Connecticut Ave., NW
Suite 625
Washington, DC 20009
202-464-1662
Fax: 202-464-1775
http://www.columbiabooks.com

o  Corporate Giving Directory, Corporate Giving Yellowpages

o  Corporate Giving in America and Abroad, Giving Watch. 
The Taft Group 
P.O. Box 9187 
Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9187
Phone: 800-877-Taft
Fax: 800-414-5043. 
Publications are listed online at
http://www.casenet.thomson.com/taft/taftmain.html

o  Foundation Giving: Yearbook of Facts and Figures on Private, Corporate
and Community Foundations, 1999 
Loren Renz, Steven Laurence, and John Kendzior
New York: Foundation Center
ISBN 0-87954-885-1
http://www.foundationcenter.org

Corporate and foundation resources for child development

There are thousands of charitable organizations that regularly give to nonprofit
organizations serving children in poverty or those at risk. A good place to begin
your search is to visit a Foundation Center if there is one near you. The website
lists locations of Foundation Centers and materials are also available online. In
addition, there are topical indexes within many of the Indexes of Grants that list
children's programs as a special category. The following are a few foundations
that provide funding nationwide. There are many more regional or local
examples. Be sure to check for local foundations that fund children's programs
in your area because they are more likely to fund a program in their own
backyard. 

Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy
112 16th Street, N.W. Suite 340
Washington, DC 20036
Fax: 202-955-8084
http://www.barbarabushfoundation.com

The Barbara Bush Foundation provides grants to help parents and their children
learn together. 

The Annie E. Casey Foundation
701 Saint Paul Street
Baltimore, MD 21202
410-547-6600
Fax: 410-547-6624
http://www.aecf.org

The Annie E. Casey Foundation provides grants to assist children who live in
poverty and their families. Emphasis has been placed on family unity and
disenfranchised groups.

The Cleveland E. Dodge Foundation
670 West 247th Street
Riverdale, NY 10471
718-543-1220
718-543-0737

The Dodge Foundation funds nonprofit agencies that provide a range of human
and educational services.

Foundation for Child Development
145 East 32nd Street, 14th Floor
New York, NY 10016
212-697-3150
Fax: 212-697-2258
http://www.ffcd.org

The Foundation for Child Development provides nationwide funding for
advocacy for disadvantaged youth.

Hasbro Children's Foundation
32 West 23rd Street
New York, NY 10010
212-645-2400
Fax: 212-645-6815
http://www.hasbro.org

The Hasbro Foundation funds programs that focus on preventing homelessness,
abuse and neglect. Improving childcare, literacy and health of children are also
areas of interest.

Edward T. Hazen Foundation
309 Fifth Avenue
Suite 200-3
New York, NY 10016
212-889-3034
Fax: 212-889-03039
E-mail: hazen@hazenfoundation.org
http://www.hazenfoundation.org

The Hazen Foundation supports projects involving high school age youth and
children living in poverty. Opportunities for low-income groups are high priority
along with youth development.

High/Scope Educational Research Foundation
600 N. River St. 
Ypsilanti, MI 48198-2898
734-485-2000
Fax: 734-485-0704
http://www.highscope.org/default

High/Scope Educational Research Foundation works with educators and
parents to facilitate the learning process of children and adolescents.

Jenesis Group 
5257 River Road
540 Kenwood Station Bethesda, MD 20816
301-656-9440
Fax: 301-656-2654

The Jenesis Group funds programs that serve children who live in poverty to
improve their quality of life. Concepts are considered from applicants
throughout the U.S.

Jostens Our Town Foundation
5501 Norman Center Drive
Minneapolis, MN 55437
612-830-3336
Fax: 612-897-4116
E-mail: ourtown@joswtens.com
http://www.joswtens.com

The Jostens Our Town Foundation provides programs that serve children in
areas where Jostens operates around the country. The program also
encourages employee volunteer programs in their communities.

A. L. Mailman Family Foundation, Inc.
707 Westchester Avenue
White Plains, N.Y.10604
914-683-8089
Fax: 914-686-5519
almf@mailman.org
http://www.mailman.org.

The A.L. Mailman Family Foundation provides grants to change the way that
children's services, family assistance and other support functions are delivered.

Mattel Children's Foundation
333 Continental Boulevard
El Segundo, CA 90245-5012
310-252-3802
310-2252-4443
millmanp@mattel.com

Mattel funds projects such as family learning centers that serve children in need.
The emphasis is on programs for school age children. 

Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs
West Towers, Suite 200
4350 East-West Highway
Bethesda, MD 20814
301-594-4004
Fax: 301-594-5980

The Office of Adolescent Pregnancy Programs makes grants to assist
adolescents who are pregnant or who have children. Parenting programs and
health education projects are designed to improve adolescent and child health. 

The Pillsbury Company Foundation
M.S. 37x5 Pillsbury Center
200 S. 6th Street
Minneapolis, MN 55402-1416
612-330-2347
http://www.pillsbury.com

The Pillsbury Foundation is interested in funding programs for children who are
disadvantaged. The funding supports both national grants and those in
communities where Pillsbury does business. 

Ronald McDonald House Charities
One Kroc Drive
Oak Brook IL 60523
630-623-7048
630-623-7488
http://www.rmhc.org

The Ronald McDonald House Charities provide funding to nonprofit groups to
provide assistance and care of children. Grants are given to international or
national organizations. 

Search Institute
700 South Third Street, Suite 210
Minneapolis, MN 55415
612-376-8955
800-888-7828
612-367-7956
http://www.search-institute.org
E-mail: search@search-institute.org

Search Institute promotes opportunities for youth through research and
proliferation of knowledge.

Private Funding Sources for Gender Programs 

The following groups provide women's funding in a variety of fields.

Ford Foundation
Verizon Foundation
AT&T Foundation
Metropolitan Life Foundation

These foundations specialize in donating their funds to help women's causes:

Allen-Heath Memorial Foundation
222 N. LaSalle St., Ste. 300 
Chicago, IL 60601-1081 

Grants its funds to charitable organizations involved in social causes, including
women's centers and programs.

Avon Products Foundation Inc.
1345 Ave. of the Americas 
New York, NY 10105-0196 
(212) 282-5516 
Fax: (212) 282-6049
http://www.avon.com/about/women/foundation/foundation.html 

Provides funds for community development for women and their children in
areas where Avon is a major employer. 

Burlington Northern Santa Fe Foundation
5601 W. 26th St. 
Cicero, IL 60804 
(708) 222-4815 
Fax: (708) 222-4857 

Financially supports social service organizations dealing with the homeless,
hungry, children, women, and the elderly. Also donates to institutes of higher
education. 

The Homeland Foundation
412 N. Coast Hwy PMB 359 
Laguna Beach, CA 92651 
(949) 494-0365 

The Homeland Foundation's Human Services Program strives to assist women,
primarily regarding their physical, mental, and financial health. 

Met Life Foundation
1 Madison Ave. 
New York, NY 10010-3690 
(212) 578-6272 
Fax: (212) 685-1435 
http://www.metlife.com/Companyinfo/Community/Found/index.html 

Provides funds for social service and cultural programs, substance abuse
treatment centers, and the United Way, among other organizations.

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Foundation
(also known as 3M Foundation, Inc. ) 
3M Center, Bldg. 224-5N-40 
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 
(651) 736-0633 
Fax: (651) 737-3061 

Supports community improvement, education, preventative health care, and
other social issues that concern minorities, the elderly, and women.

Revlon Foundation
c/o MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings, Inc. 
38 E. 63rd St. 
New York, NY 10021 

Emphasis on women's interest groups, minorities, and health care issues which
are national in scope or where the company has subsidiaries, and cultural
organizations. Also supports Jewish giving and welfare funds.

The TJX Foundation
(Formerly Zayre Foundation, Inc.) 
c/o The TJX Cos., Inc. 
770 Cochituate Rd., Rte. 1E 
Framingham, MA 01701 
(508) 390-3199 

Giving primarily for needy families and children; also support for services that
help promote sound mental and physical health, provide shelter, enhance
education and job readiness, and build community ties. 

The Summit Charitable Foundation, Inc. 
2099 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Ste. 1000 
Washington, DC 20006 
(202) 912-2900 
Fax: (202) 912-2901 
E-mail: info@summitfdn.org 

Concerned with issues of environmental protection and population growth;
funds organizations that encourage better reproductive health and family
planning services, as well as improved economic, educational, and political
opportunities for women, particularly young females.

The Heron Foundation 
2401 Main St. 
Santa Monica, CA 90405-3515 
Additional address: 
1220 Lincoln Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90401 

Provides funds for many social causes, including women's issues.

The Sears-Roebuck Foundation 
3333 Beverly Rd., Rm. BC097A-A 
Hoffman Estates, IL 60179 
(847) 286-1313 

The foundation has a special interest in projects that address women, families,
and diversity. 

Shaler Adams Foundation 
Presidio Bldg. 1016, 
Lincoln Blvd. & Torney Ave. 
P.O. Box 29274 
San Francisco, CA 94129-0274 
Fax: (415) 561-6491 
E-mail: shaler@shaleradams.org 

Funds studies of the issues that affect women and children; gives some
international support for human rights, with emphasis on women's rights. 

The Frees Foundation 
5373 W. Alabama, Ste. 404 
Houston, TX 77056 
(713) 623-0515 
Fax: (713) 623-6509 

Supports relief organizations that work to ease the plight of underrepresented
groups, including women and families.

The Gaea Foundation, Inc. 
P.O. Box 11855 
Washington, DC 20008-9055 
(202) 244-6890 
E-mail: gaeafdtn@mindspring.com 

Supports the establishment and development of organizations involved with
women's legal rights and women's health issues, among other social causes.

Patrina Foundation 
P.O. Box 777 
Manhasset, NY 11030 
Telephone: (516) 627-0172 
Fax: (516) 627-5489 
E-mail: patrina@ix.netcom.com 

Funds curriculum development and research in the field of women's studies,
with a goal to create projects that help prepare women for the professional and
personal hurdles throughout their lives.

Education, Special Education and Related Donors

Special Education giving was profiled from the information gathered on the
following foundations.

Jerome S. and Grace H. Murray Foundation
5454 85th Ave. 
New Carrollton, MD 20784 
(301) 577-2527 
E-mail: jgmf@msn.com

Funding primarily for the care, training and education of physically, mentally,
and emotionally disturbed children and adults.

The Wilson Wilde Family Foundation, Inc
c/o Wilson Wilde 
1 State St. 
Hartford, CT 06102 

Provides funds for special education, higher education, and youth programs.
Continuing Education resources were given from the following groups.

AT&T Foundation
32 Ave. of the Americas, 6th Fl. 
New York, NY 10013 
(212) 387-4801 
Fax: (212) 387-4882 
E-mail: Mcclimon@att.com 
http://www.att.com/foundation 

Supports a wide variety of social causes, including education, in areas where
AT&T is heavily used. 

Adult Education, Literacy/Basic Skills were funded by these organizations
according to their published information.

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
1 Biscayne Tower, Suite 3800
2 S. Biscayne Blvd.
Miami, FL 33131-2600
305-908-2600
Contact: Attn: Grant Request
http://www.knightfdn.org

The Knight Foundation funds programs primarily in the fields of Education,
Journalism, Arts and Culture, and Community Initiatives. Giving is limited to the
26 communities in which the Knight brothers published newspapers. Previous
grants have gone to fund development of welfare-to-work programs and
standards-based education reform.

UPS Foundation
55 Glenlake Parkway, NE
Atlanta, GA 30328
404-828-6374
Fax: 404-828-7435
http://www.community.ups.com/community/resources/foundation/index.html

The UPS Foundation takes an interest in funding family and workplace literacy
as well as research in academic, public policy, and transportation/logistics
areas.

William Randolph Hearst Foundation
888 7th Ave., 45th Floor
New York, NY 10106-0057
212-586-5404
http://www.hearstfdn.org

Provides support for minority and low-income students towards undergraduate
and graduate education, among other social services.

The First Union Foundation
c/o First Union Corp.
301 S. College Street
Charlotte, NC 28288-0143
704-374-4689 Fax: 704-374-4689

Gives funds for higher education, elementary school programs. Priority is given
to children and disadvantaged people.

Met Life Foundation
1 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010-3690
212-578-6272 Fax: 212-685-1435
http://www.metlife.com/Companyinfo/Community/Found/index.html

Met Life supports programs in pre-college education such as Reading Is
Fundamental, business and economic education. Emphasis is placed on helping
minorities and on activities that include restructuring the role of classroom
teachers in schools.

Timken Foundation of Canton
236 3rd Street, SW
Canton, OH 44702

Provides funds for colleges and schools for purposes ranging from building
renovation to research.

Gannett Foundation
1100 Wilson Blvd., 11th Floor
Arlington, VA 22234
703-284-6069 Fax: 703-558-3819
Email: Isimpson@gcil.gannett.com
http://www.gannettfoundation.org

The Gannett Foundation "values projects that take a creative approach to such
fundamental issues as education and neighborhood improvement." The
foundation also has an employee matching gift programs for all educational
levels.

The Carl and Lily Pforzheimer Foundation
650 Madison Ave, 23th Floor
New York, NY 10022

Lends support to the New York Public Library in addition to helping fund
colleges and universities.

Scripps Howard Foundation
PO Box 5380
312 Walnut Street, 28th Floor
Cincinnati, OH 45202
513-977-3035 Fax: 513-977-3800 
http://www.scripps.com/foundation

Provides scholarships and internship opportunities, particularly in the field of
journalism education. Interested in minority recruitment.

Adult/Continuing Education grants given according to websites and solicitations.

Bridgestone/Firestone Trust Fund
50 Century Blvd.
Nashville, TN 37214

Gives primarily to organizations to which employees devote their volunteer time;
Bridgestone/Firestone is interested in the areas of civic and community
improvements and institutions of higher education.

Vulcan Materials Foundation
PO Box 385014
Birmingham, AL 35238-5014
205-298-3229

Within the field of education, Vulcan Materials gives its funds mainly to
institutions of higher education and scholarship programs.

The Charlotte W. Newcombe Foundation
35 Park Pl. Princeton, NJ 08542-6918 
Telephone: (609) 924-7022 
Fellowship application address: Newcombe Fellowships, Woodrow Wilson
National Fellowship Foundation, CN 5281, Princeton, NJ 08543 
(609) 452-7007 

Provides scholarship grants to people in four different situations: those writing
doctoral dissertations in the humanities with an emphasis on religion and ethics;
undergraduates with disabilities; women pursuing a second career; and
undergraduate minority students with demonstrated financial need who attend
colleges affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. Most of the scholarships do not
apply to two-year colleges or technical or vocational schools. 

Heineman Foundation for Research, Educational, Charitable and Scientific
Purposes, Inc. 
c/o Brown Brothers Harriman Trust Co. 
63 Wall St. 
New York, NY 10005 

Supports institutions of higher learning, including music schools, and academic
libraries throughout the country, with particular emphasis in the areas of physics
and medical sciences. Funding for scientific research is also available. 

Initial Teaching Alphabet Foundation
32 Thornwood Ln. 
Roslyn Heights, NY 11577 
(516) 621-6772 

Supports the advancement of education, especially schools and organizations
that use and encourage the Initial Teaching Alphabet. 

Harry A. Merlo Foundation, Inc.
121 S.W. Morrison, Ste. 450 
Portland, Oregon 97204 

Promotes community development and higher education, including providing
funds for professorships. 

Vocational Education funding noted for the following foundations.

Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation
435 N. Michigan Ave., Ste. 770 
Chicago, IL 60611 
(312) 222-3512 
Fax: (312) 222-3523 
Contact: Program Directors 
E-mail: rrmtf@tribune.com
http://www.rrmtf.org 

Uses its funds primarily in the Chicago area towards technical colleges and
programs for bettering childhood education.

Jeffry M. and Barbara Picower Foundation
1410 S. Ocean Blvd. 
Palm Beach, FL 33480 

Supports education, including the arts and cultural programs, and vocational
training. 

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Foundation
(also known as 3M Foundation, Inc. ) 
3M Center, Bldg. 224-5N-40 
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 
(651) 736-0633 
Fax: (651) 737-3061 

Gives its funds in the field of education to institutions of higher learning and
vocational training, providing scholarships for minorities, and lends support to
cultural programs.

The George I. Alden Trust
370 Main St., Rm. 1250 
Worcester, MA 01608-1714 
(508) 798-8621 
Fax: (508) 791-6545 

Mainly supports private institutions of higher learning.

Gannet Foundation Inc.
1100 Wilson Blvd., 11th Floor
Arlington, VA 22234
703-284-6069 Fax: 703-558-3819
E-mail: Isimpson@gcil.gannett.com
http://www.gannettfoundation.org

The Gannett Foundation "values projects that take a creative approach to such
fundamental issues as education and neighborhood improvement." The
foundation also has an employee matching gift programs for all educational
levels.

Cooper Industries Foundation
600 Travis, Ste. 5800 
Houston, TX 77002-1001 
(713) 209-8607 
Application address: P.O. Box 4446, 
Houston, TX 77210-4446 
(713) 209-8800 
Fax: (713) 209-8995 
E-mail: info@cooperindustries.com
http://www.cooperindustries.com/about/index.htm 

Donates principally to the United Way Foundation in regions where Cooper
Industries offices are located; interested in community improvement, including
education.

American Honda Foundation
1919 Torrance Blvd. 
Torrance, CA 90501-2722 
(310) 781-4090 

Interested in promoting scientific education at all levels; also committed to
funding private elementary and secondary schools and both private and public
universities in general. 

Atkinson Foundation
1100 Grundy Lane., Ste. 140 
San Bruno, CA 94066-3030 
(650) 876-0222
Fax: (650) 876-0222 
E-mail: atkinfdn@aol.com 

Helps people with the goal of self-sufficiency in mind. Donates funds to aid the
homeless, family planning, handicapped, and people living with HIV/AIDS,
among others groups. 

CIRI Foundation
(also known as The Cook Inlet Region, Inc. Foundation ) 
2600 Cordova St., Ste. 206 
Anchorage, AK 99503 
(907) 274-8638 
Fax: (907) 263-5588 

Provides funds for the Eskimo, Aleut, and Indian populations of the Cook Inlet,
AK region for educational and Alaskan heritage projects. CIRI also supports
individual scholarships.

The Westport Fund
2901 Boston St., Ste. 606 
Baltimore, MD 21224-4891 

Supports a wide variety of social causes in the field of education, including
funding libraries, education at all levels, and historic societies.

Native American Education funded by the foundations listed below.

The Educational Foundation of America
35 Church Lane Westport, CT 06880-3515 
(203) 226-6498 
E-mail: efa@efaw.org 
http://www.efaw.org

Funds associations for Native American scholarships as well as programs for
advanced training for teachers and curricular development.

Employment and Related Foundation and Charitable Donors

Employment, Job Counseling : The following major foundations take an interest
in funding for improved employment, among other social causes:

The Ford Foundation
The David and Lucille Packard Foundation
The Pew Charitable Trusts
The Joyce Foundation
William Randolph Hearst Foundation

In addition to the previous foundations, many others place a particular emphasis
on the employment field itself:

The John Merck Fund 
11 Beacon St., Ste. 1230 
Boston, MA 02108 (617)
723-2932 Fax: (617) 523-6029 
E-mail: info@jmfund.org 

Supports job creation and training in the northeastern U.S., among other
societal issues. 

The Heron Foundation 
2401 Main St. 
Santa Monica, CA 90405-3515
Additional address: 1220 Lincoln Blvd., 
Santa Monica, CA 90401 

Giving primarily for education, human services, and self-sufficiency programs. 

Angelina Fund, Inc. 
c/o New World Foundation 
100 E. 85th St. 
New York, NY 10028-0906 

Civil rights; Employment, labor unions/organizations; International affairs,
peace; Media/communications; Public policy, research. 

The Picower Foundation 
(Formerly The Jeffry M. & Barbara Picower
Foundation ) 
1410 S. Ocean Blvd. 
Palm Beach, FL 33480 
Fax: (212) 752-5082 

Giving primarily for education, including performing arts, arts and cultural
programs, vocational education, health care, employment, human services, civil
rights, social sciences, and medical research. 

W. E. Upjohn Unemployment Trustee Corporation 
300 S. Westnedge Ave.
Kalamazoo, MI 49007 
(616) 343-5541 
Fax: (616) 343-3308 

Supports research into the causes, effects, prevention, and alleviation of
unemployment; funds used to support W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment
Research. 

The Discount Foundation 
409 Crater Ct. 
Henderson, NV 89014-4011 
(702) 547-6319 or (702) 547-6398 
Fax: (702) 547-6398
http://www.discountfoundation.org 
E-mail: info@discountfoundation.org 

Strives to improve job opportunities, wages, and benefits for poor and working
people; empower poor and working people by strengthening their collective
institutions-specifically community-based organizations, churches and
congregations, and labor organizations-and encouraging relationships among
these institutions; and advance innovative public policies designed to secure
jobs with livable wages, benefits, and career opportunities for poor and
working people. 

The Xerox Foundation 
800 Long Ridge Rd. 
P.O. Box 1600 
Stamford, CT 06904 
(203) 968-3333 or (203) 968-4416 
Fax: (203) 968-3330 

Supports continuing education for people interested in careers in business,
government, and education. Also funds organizations that address major social
problems, including employability.

The Rodney Fund 
725 Hanna St. 
Birmingham, MI 48009-3708 
(248) 352-8108 

Gives its funds for a variety of social causes, particularly public affairs. Supports
organizations like the National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation and
organizations involved in economic enterprise.

DaimlerChrysler Corporation Fund 
(Formerly Chrysler Corporation Fund )
1000 Chrysler Dr. 
Auburn Hills, MI 48326-2766 
(248) 512-2502 
E-mail: lafi@daimler chrysler.com or mek@daimler chrysler.com 
http://www.fund.daimlerchrysler.com

Provides support to organizations that address issues such as future work force,
community vitality, the marketplace, and public policy leadership, and to
organizations with which DaimlerChrysler and its employees are involved. 

Foundations in Health, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Areas

Substance Abuse -- Treatment: listed in profiles of this topic of charitable
giving.

Max M. and Marjorie S. Fisher Foundation
2700 Fisher Bldg. 
Detroit, MI 48202 

Provides funds for substance abuse treatment and prevention programs,
particularly through Jewish federated giving programs. 

The Hanley Family Foundation, Inc
2029 Rivermeade Way 
Atlanta, GA 30327 

Supports various alcohol and substance abuse treatment and prevention
programs, research within the field of substance addiction, and the proliferation
of knowledge on the subject of substance abuse.

Substance Abuse - Services: include the following donors.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Rte. 1 and College Rd. E. 
P.O. Box 2316 
Princeton, NJ 08543-2316 
(609) 452-8701 
email: mail@rwjf.org 

The foundation is devoted exclusively to health and health care and
concentrates its grantmaking in three areas: assuring access to basic health
services for all Americans at reasonable cost; improving the way services are
organized and provided for people with chronic health conditions; and reducing
the harm caused by substance abuse.

Metropolitan Life Foundation
1 Madison Ave. 
New York, NY 10010-3690 
(212) 578-6272 Fax: (212) 685-1435

Grants are directed toward national health promotion and education initiatives,
particularly for young people. Emphasis is given to substance abuse prevention.

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Foundation, Inc. 
(also known as 3M Foundation, Inc.) 
3M Center, Bldg. 224-5N-40 
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000
(651) 736-0633 Fax: (651) 737-3061

Support for human services, including alcohol and drug abuse. 

Union Pacific Foundation
1416 Dodge Street, Room 802 
Omaha, NE 68179 
(402) 271-5600 Fax: (402) 271-5477 
E-mail: upf@up.com
http://www.up.com/found 

Grants to assist organizations dedicated to improving the level of health care or
providing human services in the community.

USX Foundation, Inc.
600 Grant St., Rm. 685 
Pittsburgh, PA 15219-4776 
(412) 433-5237 Fax: (412) 433-6847 

Gives capital and operating grants for health and human services, including
substance abuse programs.

Mental Health Treatment solicitations were noted for the following:

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Office of Grants Management 
140 S. Dearborn Street 
Chicago, IL 60603
(312) 726-8000 Fax: (312) 920-6258 
E-mail: 4answers@macfound.org
http://www.macfound.org

The foundation's Mental Health Program supports efforts that improve access
to quality mental health care, develop new knowledge about mental health and
communicate it to a wide audience, and improve decision making by
policymakers and practitioners.

The Ambrose Monell Foundation
One Rockefeller Plaza, Suite 301 
New York, N.Y. 10020-2002 
(212) 586-0700 Fax: (212) 245-1863
E-mail: info@monelvetlesen.org
http://www.monellvetlesen.org

The foundation's mission is to contribute to religious, charitable, scientific,
literary, and educational uses and purposes, in New York, elsewhere in the
United States and throughout the world. 

Theodore & Vada Stanley Foundation 
47 Richards Ave. 
Norwalk, CT 06857-1915 

General charitable giving for mental health/crisis services.

The Ittleson Foundation
15 East 67th Street 
New York, NY 10021
(212) 794-2008 

Interested in advancing preventative mental health efforts, especially those for
youth and adolescents.

General Health Services were funded by the following donors.

The William Randolph Hearst Foundation
888 7th Ave., 45th Fl. 
New York, NY 10106-0057 
(212) 586-5404 Fax: (212) 586-1917 
http://www.hearstfdn.org

Supports programs that seek to improve access to health care for underserved
populations in both urban and rural areas. Primarily gives to regional hospitals,
medical centers and specialized medical institutions such as children's and
women's hospitals.

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Route 1 and College Road 
PO Box 2316 
Princeton, NJ 08543-2316 

Dedicated to improving health and health care with a focus on improving access
to basic health care at reasonable cost.

Pew Charitable Trusts
1 Commerce Sq. 
2005 Market St., Ste. 1700 
Philadelphia, PA 19103-7077 
215- 575-9050 Fax: 215- 575-4939 
email: info@pewtrusts.com 
http://www.pewtrusts.com

The Health and Human Services (HHS) program is designed to promote the
health and well being of the American people and to strengthen disadvantaged
communities. 

The W.K. Kellog Foundation
One Michigan Avenue East 
Battle Creek, Michigan 49017-4058 
(616) 968-1611 Fax: (616) 968-0413
http://www.wkkf.org

Seeks to improve health care through increased access to integrated,
comprehensive health care systems that are organized around public health,
prevention, and primary health care.

The Nathan Cummings Foundation
1926 Broadway, Suite 600 
New York, NY 10023-6915 
(212) 787-7300 Fax: (212)787-7377
health@ncf.org
http://www.ncf.org

Gives grants to a variety of health programs, and seeks to address disparities in
health care system, especially inadequate medical attention for poor people.

Human Services and Homeless Services 
(see Housing, Chapter 8 as well):

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
300 2nd St., Ste. 200 
Los Altos, CA 94022 
Telephone: (650) 948-7658

Contact: program office of area of interest http://www.packfound.org 

The Children, Families, and Communities division seeks to achieve the full
potential of America's children - homelessness related programs include
"Improve Health and Economic Security" and "Build Community and National
Capacity".

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
1 Biscayne Tower, Ste. 3800 
2 S. Biscayne Blvd. 
Miami, FL 33131-1803
Telephone: (305) 908-2600 
Contact: Attn: Grant Request 
http://www.knightfdn.org

Through its Community Initiatives Program, the Knight Foundation funds many
social service causes, including the war against homelessness. 

The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
250 Park Ave., Rm. 900 
New York, NY 10177-0026 
(212) 551-9100 Fax: (212) 986-4558 
http://www.emcf.org

Concentrates on youth development and improved services to children and
young adults who live in low-income communities. Resources are focused on
the organizational growth of non-profit institutions that serve children and youth.

William Randolph Hearst Foundation
888 7th Ave., 45th Fl. 
New York, NY 10106-0057 
(212) 586-5404 Fax: (212) 586-1917 
http://www.hearstfdn.org

Supports human service agencies that foster solutions to social and economic
problems, including those that address the frequently interrelated problems of
homelessness, drug addiction, and mental illness, or increased access to
affordable housing. 

The First Union Foundation
c/o First Union Corp. 
301 S. College St. 
Charlotte, NC 28288-0143 
(704) 374-4689 Fax: (703) 374-2484 

Supports social service and community improvement organizations, with
preference given to children and the disadvantaged. Priority is given to
programs that create healthy communities with a focus on improving the quality
of life for children and families.

Public Welfare Foundation Inc.
1200 U. St., N.W. 
Washington, DC 20009-4443 
Telephone: (202) 965-1800
E-mail: general@publicwelfare.org 
http://www.publicwelfare.org

Gives grants to grassroots organizations including those that serve offenders, the
homeless, and disadvantaged youth. Programs must serve low-income
populations with preference to short term needs.

Robert R. McCormick Tribune Foundation
(Formerly Robert R. McCormick Charitable Trust)
435 N. Michigan Ave., Ste. 770 
Chicago, IL 60611 
Telephone: (312) 222-3512 
Contact: Program Directors 
Fax: (312) 222-3523 
E-mail: rrmtf@tribune.com 
http://www.rrmtf.org 

Promotes research into improving the quality of social and economic situations,
primarily in the Chicago area. Also supports programs that help at-risk children.

Housing, and Homelessness Funders

These foundations are among the largest funders of housing services.

Housing Development for Women includes loans and technical assistance.

McAuley Institute
8300 Colesville Road
Silver Spring, MD 20910
301-588-8110
301-588-8154 (fax)
http://www.mcauley.org
 
Provides loans and technical assistance to support the development of
affordable housing for women.

P.S. Trust (The Healey Family Foundation)
c/o Goldman Sachs & Co., Tax Dept. 
85 Broad St. 
New York, NY 10004 

Gives money for community development and human services, including
housing/shelter and women's programs.

Housing Development for Women and Minorities:

Ford Foundation
320 E. 43rd St. 
New York, NY 10017 
(212) 573-5000 
E-mail: office-secretary@fordfoundation.org 
http://www.fordfound.org

The foundation's goals include reducing poverty and injustice, and it seeks to
improve opportunities in urban and rural areas by developing community-based
institutions.

Metropolitan Life Foundation
1 Madison Ave. 
New York, NY 10010-3690 
(212) 578-6272 Fax: (212) 685-1435 
http://www.metlife.com/Companyinfo/Community/Found/index.html 

Makes grants for urban development, including housing, and is interested in
women and minorities. The Social Investment Program funds community
ventures in affordable housing and other initiatives in urban development.

Gannett Foundation Inc.
1100 Wilson Blvd., 30th Fl. 
Arlington, VA 22234 
(703) 284-6069 Fax: (703) 558-3819 
E-mail: isimpson@gcil.gannett.com http://www.gannettfoundation.org

The foundation values projects that take creative approaches to community
problem solving and assisting disadvantaged populations in areas where
Gannett Co., Inc. has a local newspaper or television affiliate.

Ben & Jerry's Foundation
30 Community Dr. South 
Burlington, VT 05403 
(802) 846-1500 
http://www.benjerry.com/foundation/index.html

Supports grassroots organizations working on projects of progressive social
change, including issues of families and disadvantaged groups.

Children, Homelessness and Housing include the following donor agencies.

The David and Lucile Packard Foundation
300 2nd St., Ste. 200 
Los Altos, CA 94022
(650) 948-7658 
http://www.packfound.org

The Children, Families, and Communities Program focuses on development of
children and youth, improving health and economic security, and breaking the
cycle of violence. The Foundation has identified human services, children/youth,
and homeless services as interests.

John S. and James L. Knight Foundation
One Biscayne Tower, Suite 3800 
2 S. Biscayne Blvd. 
Miami, FL 33131-1803
(305) 908-2600

The Knight Community Partners Program gives grants for housing and
community development, seeking to provide access to affordable and decent
housing in safe, drug-free neighborhoods.

The William Randolph Hearst Foundation
888 7th Ave., 45th Fl. 
New York, NY 10106-0057 
(212) 586-5404 Fax:(212) 586-1917
http://www.hearstfdn.org

Interested in increasing access to affordable housing and creating socio-
economic opportunities for women and girls, prefers to grant to well-
established organizations that provide comprehensive, direct-service programs.

The First Union Foundation 
c/o First Union Corp. 
301 S. College St.
Charlotte, NC 28288-0143 
(704) 374-4689 Fax: (704) 374-2484 
 
Interested in strengthening community development by funding programs that
provide affordable housing. Has identified a special consideration for youth.

Regional Housing Assistance: The following organizations are examples of
foundations that give grants for local and regional housing programs:

Southern California -- 
Lon V. Smith Foundation
9440 Santa Monica Blvd., Ste. 300 
Beverly Hills, CA 90210-4614

California, Colorado --
Everhealth Foundation
613 W. Valley Pkwy., No. 310 
Escondido, CA 92025 
(760) 740-6630 

Michigan -- 
Dow Corning Foundation
2200 W. Salzburg Rd., Mail No. C02100 
Midland, MI 48686-0994 

Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York -- 
Vincent Mulford Foundation
c/o Mercantile-Safe Deposit & Trust Co. 
766 Old Hammonds Ferry Rd.
Linthicum, MD 21090 
Fax: (845) 351-5752 

New Jersey --
Carlson Family Foundation
9 Lewiston Ct. 
Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510 
(914) 244-5572 

New York --
Alice Lawrence Foundation
c/o Graubard Mollen et al. 
600 3rd Ave. 
New York, NY 10016-1903 

New Jersey, New York -- 
Oster Family Foundation
429 Sylvan Ave. 
Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632
 
Tennessee --
Plough Foundation
6410 Poplar Ave., Ste. 710 
Memphis, TN 38119 
(901) 761-9180 Fax: (901) 761-6186

Children and Housing:

The Edna McConnell Clark Foundation
250 Park Ave., Rm. 900 
New York, NY 10177-0026 
(212) 551-9100 Fax: (212) 986-4558
http://www.emcf.org

Concentrates on youth development and services to children who live in
underserved communities.

Justice Funding from Foundations 

Annie E. Casey Foundation
701 St. Paul St. 
Baltimore, MD 21202 
Telephone: (410) 547-6600 Fax: (410) 547-6624 
http://www.aecf.org

While focusing mainly on human services issues concerning children and
families, the Foundation also supports programs such as the Juvenile Detention
Alternatives Initiative.

Public Welfare Foundation
1200 U. St., N.W. 
Washington, DC 20009-4443 

Open Society Institute
400 W. 59th St., 4th Fl. 
New York, NY 10019 
Telephone: (202) 965-1800 
Contact: Review Comm. 
E-mail: general@publicwelfare.org 
http://www.publicwelfare.org

Grants are awarded primarily to grassroots organizations in the United States
and abroad, with emphasis on the environment, health, population and
reproductive health, the disadvantaged elderly, disadvantaged youth, criminal
justice, human rights and global security, and community economic
development and participation. Programs must serve low-income populations,
with preference to short-term needs.

The Institute's Center on Crime, Communities, and Culture seeks to research
and support humane, effective responses to crime to enhance the safety of all
communities through grants, research, and fellowships. 

(212) 548-0600 
Fax: (212) 548-4679 
http://www.soros.org

Ford Foundation
320 E 43 rd St
New York, NY 10017
(212) 573-5000
E-mail: office-secretary@fordfoundation.org
http://www.fordfound.org

As just one of its many foundation goals, the Ford foundation funds programs
that work towards social justice and world peace.

LaSalle Adams Fund 
c/o Fiduciary Trust Co. Intl. 
2 World Trade Ctr. 
New York, NY 10048 

Uses some of its funds to support violence prevention organizations.

The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation 
527 Madison Ave., 15th Fl. 
New York, NY 10022-4304 
Telephone: (212) 644-4907 
Contact: Staff 
Fax: (212) 644-5110 
E-mail: hfgacf@aol.com 
http://www.hfg.org

Grants for research projects at the postdoctoral level directed toward providing
a better understanding of violence, aggression, and dominance in relation to
social change.

Charles Stewart Mott Foundation 
c/o Office of Proposal Entry 
1200 Mott Foundation Bldg. 
Flint, MI 48502-1851 
Telephone: (810) 238-5651 
Publication Hotline: (800) 645-1766 
Fax: (810) 766-1753 
E-mail: infocenter@mott.org 
http://www.mott.org 

Supports many organizations and institutions whose ideals are to promote a
just, equitable and sustainable society in the areas of civil society, the
environment, and poverty. 

Public Welfare Foundation, Inc. 
1200 U. St., N.W. 
Washington, DC 20009-4443 
Telephone: (202) 965-1800 
Contact: Review Comm. 
E-mail: general@publicwelfare.org 

Gives grants primarily to grassroots organizations in the United States and
abroad, with emphasis on the environment, health, population and reproductive
health, the disadvantaged elderly, disadvantaged youth, criminal justice, human
rights and global security, and community economic development and
participation. Programs must serve low-income populations, with preference to
short-term needs. 

The Bydale Foundation 
11 Martine Ave. 
White Plains, NY 10606 
914-683-3519 

Interested in international relations, law and civil rights, among other social
causes. 

Snyder Family Foundation, Inc. 
7109 Armat Dr. 
Bethesda, MD 20817-2105 

Donates to a host of charitable organizations, with particular focus on those
working in the violence and crime prevention field.

The Abelard Foundation, Inc. 
c/o White & Case 
1155 Ave. of the Americas 
New York, NY 10036 

Giving especially for seed money to new organizations and model projects, with
emphasis on protection of civil rights and civil liberties; support for programs
designed to achieve social, political, and economic equality for urban and rural
poor, including giving them a voice in decisions about their environment. 

Burlington Northern Santa Fe Foundation 
(Formerly Santa Fe Pacific Foundation ) 
5601 W. 26th St. 
Cicero, IL 60804 
(708) 222-4815 Fax: (708) 222-4857 

Emphasis on higher education, the performing arts and other cultural programs,
civic affairs and public policy, and health and human services focusing on the
homeless, hungry, children, women, and elderly. 

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Foundation, Inc. 
(also known as 3M Foundation, Inc.) 
3M Center, Bldg. 224-5N-40 
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 
(651) 736-0633 Fax: (651) 737-3061 

Primary areas of interest include community funds, higher and vocational
education, educational programs for minorities, the performing arts, drug abuse
programs, and the elderly. Support also for human services, including programs
for alcohol abuse, the disabled and disadvantaged, women and youth,
rehabilitation, civic involvement, and preventive health care. 

Metropolitan Life Foundation 
1 Madison Ave. 
New York, NY 10010-3690 
(212) 578-6272 Fax: (212) 685-1435 

Donates in various societal fields, such as higher education and substance abuse
programs, as well as public policy research and urban development.

John M. Olin Foundation, Inc. 
330 Madison Ave., 22nd Fl. 
New York, NY 10017 
(212) 661-2670 
http://www.jmof.org

Provides funds for public policy research, strategic and international studies,
studies of American political institutions, and law and the legal system. The
foundation places an emphasis on the application of fundamental American
principles of freedom and justice. 

John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation 
140 S. Dearborn St., Ste. 1100 
Chicago, IL 60603-5285 
(312) 726-8000 Fax: (312) 920-6258 
TDD: (312) 920-6285 
E-mail: 4answers@macfdn.org 
http://www.macfdn.org

Supports research, policy development, dissemination, education and training,
and practice. 

The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, Inc. 
P.O. Box 510860 
Milwaukee, WI 53203-0153 
(414) 291-9915 Fax: (414) 291-9991 
http://www.bradleyfdn.org 

The goal of the Bradley Foundation is to encourage active citizenship. Projects
reflecting this view of citizenship and civil society may be demonstrations with
national significance; public policy research in economics, politics, culture, or
foreign affairs; or media and public education undertakings. 

GE Fund 
(Formerly General Electric Foundation) 
3135 Easton Turnpike 
Fairfield, CT 06431 
(203) 373-3216 
Fax: (203) 373-3029 
E-mail: gefund@corporate.ge.com 

Institutional grants primarily in support of education, with emphasis on: 1)
strengthening specific areas of work in undergraduate education; 2) graduate-
level research and teaching; 3) support for disciplinary fields, including the
physical sciences, engineering, computer science, mathematics, industrial
management, and business administration; 4) support for minority group
education programs, with emphasis on engineering and business; and 5)
matching educational contributions of employees and retirees. Support also for
selected public schools, arts and cultural centers, public issues research and
analysis, and international and other special grants.

The Procter & Gamble Fund 
P.O. Box 599 
Cincinnati, OH 45201 
(513) 945-8454 
Information line: (513) 945-8454
Fax: (513) 945-8979 
E-mail: ratliff.bl@pg.com 

Grants money nationally for higher education and economic and public policy
research organizations.