Title: The 1999 Bureau of Justice Assistance National Partnership
Meeting: Working Together for Peace and Justice in the 21st Century.
(Keynote Speeches, Speaker Biographies, and Contact list, pp. 186-288)
Series: Monograph
Author: Bureau of Justice Assistance
Published: BJA, July 1999
Subject(s): Crime prevention and criminal justice system
132 pages
264,000 bytes

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KEYNOTE SPEECH TRANSCRIPTS

Keynote Address--Henry Gardner
Managing Partner, Gardner, Underwood, and Bacon

About 17 years ago, shortly after I was appointed City Manager of
Oakland I was asked if I would provide welcoming remarks for a very
large convention. I readily consented. The person presiding was
introducing me and during the introduction I became concerned because
the introduction was longer than the comments that I had planned to
make.

And just as that thought occurred to me, the person said I'm very pleased
to introduce to you this morning our keynote speaker. I went to the
podium and whispered to him that I was not the keynote speaker, that my
role was simply to bring greetings.

He said, did you not receive our call, he said, our keynote speaker had to
cancel and we asked if you would be the keynote speaker. Whereupon I
took a deep breath and spoke for 30 minutes. Now I was given more
notice than that for this morning but not much.

I understand that the designated keynote speaker is a very prominent
person here in Washington and one who I'm sure you would have been
very pleased to hear from. And so it is your misfortune that I have been
designated to speak instead.

I thought long about what I would talk about and I had conversations and
voice-mail message exchanges with Patrick Coleman. And I looked at the
program and I thought what I can I talk about that others are not going to
talk about.

And what could I talk about that the designated speaker probably would
not have talked about. And I decided that the title of my speech and the
nature of the speech is the Color of Justice. Now you can relax, this is not
going to be one of those in-your-face speeches.

But I do want to talk about something that I think is extremely important
to us as a nation and very important to me as a person of color. Almost
100 years ago a very fiery individual who had a sharp pen wrote:

Between me and the other world, there is ever an unasked question:
unasked by some through feelings of delicacy; by others through the
difficulty of lightly framing it. All, nevertheless, flutter around it. They
approach me in a half-hesitant sort of way, eye me curiously or
compassionately, and then, instead of saying directly, How does it feel to
be a problem? they say, I know an excellent colored man in my town; or I
fought at Mechanicsville; or, Do not these Southern outrages make your
blood boil? At these I smile, or am interested, or reduce the boiling to a
simmer, as the occasion may require. To the real question, How does it
feel to be a problem? I answer, seldom a word. 

And yet being a problem is a strange experience. . . . I remember well
when the shadows swept across me. I was a little thing away up in the
hills of New England. . . . In a wee wooden schoolhouse, something put it
into the boys' and girls' heads to buy gorgeous visiting-cards--ten cents a
package--and exchange. The exchange was merry, till one girl, a tall
newcomer, refused my card--refused it peremptorily, with a glance. Then
it dawned upon me with a certain suddenness that I was different from the
others; or like, mayhap, in heart and life and longing, but shut out from
their world by a vast veil. I had thereafter no desire to tear down that veil,
to creep through; I held all beyond it in common contempt, and lived
above it in a region of blue sky and great wandering shadows. . . . [I
decided that I would beat them at everything] by reading law, by healing
the sick, by telling the wonderful tales that swam in my head--some way.
With other black boys the strife was not so fiercely sunny: their youth
shrunk into tasteless sycophancy, or into silent hatred of the pale world
about them and mocking distrust of everything white; or wasted itself in a
bitter cry, Why did God make me an outcast and a stranger in my own
house?--W.E.B. DuBois, The Souls of Black Folk, 1903.

Could have been written today, if we changed two words, perhaps for
"mayhap" and Black for "colored." Otherwise it could have been written
today. Race matters. And it's uncomfortable to say that, but it matters in
our justice system. Race matters. 

There are several things that are uncomfortable for us to talk about, but
talk about them I believe we must. Americans have had a historic
problem talking about race, about religion, about sex, and about politics
among strangers. And those are some of the most important things to us
that affect us more profoundly than most others except perhaps one, and
that's family. And many of us don't want to talk about that either. But it's
important that we do so.

We spend, at the last count that I saw, over $200 billion on crime control.
That is a lot of money--$200 billion. I made several trips to Hong Kong
and their currency is tied to the U.S. dollar and it takes several of those to
make one U.S. dollar. And whenever I talk about big numbers I tell
people that, the number I just gave you, those are U.S. dollars, those are
not Hong Kong dollars, $200 billion annually. 

I was talking to the past superintendent of Oakland public schools several
years ago. And he told me that he had visited several of the schools and
during the question and answer period one young boy raised his hand and
he said, "Dr. Mesa (phonetic) nobody cares about us, nobody cares." He
said the community does not care and the school does not care.

And Dr. Mesa said, "But that is not true." And went on to explain what he
and the school board and the community were doing about public
education. The young boy would not back down. He said, "I visited my
brother in San Jurerto (phonetic) the county jail."

And he said the jail looked better than our school. Dr. Mesa said he
looked around him and saw the peeling paint and he did remember being
concerned about the exterior of the building as he approached it and the
surrounding community. And he said he went back with the resolve, if
nothing else, at least they were going to paint the school.

But it speaks volumes to us when a child can say truthfully that the jails
look better than the schools. And who is in the jails? Now before I even
go through this recitation, I want to tell you that coming from a minority
community and having been raised in a minority community, a poor
Black community, safety is as important to minorities, in some ways
more important to minorities than to the majority.

And the reason for it is that people of color in American communities, for
the most part, witness crimes every single day. It is not a television story.
It is real and I can think of nothing more urgent to them than to rid their
communities of violence.

Nonetheless, in 1991 one-third of all Black men between 20 and 29 living
in Los Angeles had been jailed at least once in that same year--one-third
between the ages of 20 and 29. [There are] similar patterns in other large
cities. Nonwhite males are three and one-half times more likely to be
arrested for a felony than a white--three and one-half times more likely.

Ninety percent of nonwhite males can expect to be arrested sometime in
their lifetime for a misdemeanor or some more serious offense.
Two-thirds are likely to be arrested by the time they're 30. In inner cities
the rates are much higher. We have to ask ourselves, what kind of a
society is this?

Now is it that all of these young men are born criminals? I think not. In
1990, and it has not changed, it was estimated that one in every four
African-American men between the ages of 20 and 29 was in prison, in
jail, on parole, or on probation on any given day--one in every four. That
is alarming.

It does not paint a bright future for us as a society. In the great state of
California, Black men make up 3 percent of the adult population; they
make up over 40 percent of the prison population. Race matters. They're
not all there for homicides and rape and violent assaults--not all.

A young African-American man suffering from asthma and pneumonia
was in jail for 22 days on a $1,500 bond. He had been jailed on violation
of probation for not paying $35 in court costs on a 4-month-old
shoplifting charge. While in jail, he lost his job as a truck driver.

A 38-year-old African-American electronic engineer, middle class, was
jailed for allowing an unauthorized operator to drive. The woman did not
have a driver's license, and he was arrested. A mentally disordered 59-
year-old African-American man was arrested for breach of peace at the
gate of a nearby naval base.

He tried to enter the base and refused to leave. An 18-year-old African-
American was sentenced to 60 days for selling fake crack [to] vice police
for $20. A 21-year-old was arrested for stealing candy--all African-
Americans. All crimes should be punished, and they should be punished
equally.

Several years ago a stockbroker working for a very large investment
banking firm on Wall Street violated every securities law on the books,
enriched himself with hundreds of millions of dollars. He was arrested,
tried, and convicted; charged an enormous fine; served less than 3 years.
He's now on the national speaking circuit.

Now when I think about the person who stole the candy at Woolworth's
that was worth all of $1.38 and who spent 3 months in jail, [it] seems to
me that the stockbroker, to be fair, should have been in prison at least for
2 million years. That is justice; race does matter.

I said when I was preparing my remarks that I would not talk about
something that would make everybody in this room uncomfortable, Black
and white, Hispanic and Asian; that's the O.J. Simpson trial. But I just
changed my mind; I am going to talk about it because I remember during
that trial how people were glued to their televisions.

There were people, friends of mine Black and white, who taped the
proceedings so that they wouldn't miss any of it. It was a grand soap
opera, and I couldn't figure why are people so fascinated about this trial.
And then it occurred to me; it had all of the ingredients of absolute major
sensation. 

It had what gets everybody riveted. It had race and sex and murder and
stardom. It had all of those things, and it put out in the open, all of those
things that I said we as a nation do not want to talk about. But what was
stunning to me was not the verdict, but the reaction to it--as I heard bits
and pieces of the evidence, I must confess that I watched very little of it.

But I was intrigued by the evidence that I thought was incontrovertible, it
was the DNA testing. And I did see a little bit of that chief criminologist
who was called into court and ripped apart by O.J. Simpson's attorneys.
And I thought, but criminologists don't generally go to trial, they don't
generally testify. They generally do what they do and mark the exhibits
and say that they did it and it's introduced and that's the end of it.

And so I kept asking why this fascination, and the press heard this
question asked by so many people. And the press' response was, but this
is a good chance for us to show the American people, to educate the
people on how the justice system works.

How many of you believe that that's the way the justice system works,
that a person accused of murder can spend several million dollars
regardless of color--and only ten of those who can, do that--several
millions of dollars defending himself against a murder charge. And I
thought this is not the way the justice system works.

Let me tell you how the system works. It works like this. A young
African-American male, age 22, is arrested for homicide. He is assigned a
public defender who is grossly overworked, and [in] a few days, if the
defendant is lucky, he consults with the attorney. They go into court; no
criminologist is called; there is no dream team.

He is tried, convicted, and sent to San Quentin. He has a rap sheet from
L.A. to the White House, but he is innocent. He is innocent. I was
fascinated with the DNA evidence, and I was attending a board meeting--
I'm on the board of trustees of the San Francisco Theological Seminary--
and that was a good group to be with because these are good Christian
people.

And they were glued to the television when it was announced that the
verdict was about to be revealed. And when the clerk read the verdict,
there was this deafening silence and look of profound astonishment and
indeed disappointment. And as the television cameras roamed America,
[I] saw the same astonishment and, indeed, disappointment on the faces
of people who are white.

And when the camera scanned the faces of people who look like me,
there was even cheering. I remember thinking, how utterly bizarre this is.
How can it be that in the face of this mountain of evidence as it was
described, they get a verdict like this and we get the reactions we get?

And it reflects the two societies in which we live. The DNA evidence and
all the evidence notwithstanding, what it said to many people of color is
that we do not trust the system. And we genuinely do not trust it. They
genuinely did not believe the evidence. And the reason they didn't believe
it is that many of them have witnessed it in some form or another.

And so they did not believe. Whites had not experienced it, found it
inconceivable that the verdict could be anything else. It should have
awakened us. The matter of who ends up in the criminal justice system of
any country has always carried racial and ethnic implications.

While those who are confined in a country's jail or prisons are rough
measure[s] of the types of criminal activity at a given time, they provide a
sharper picture of who is at the bottom of the socioeconomic heap or on
the political outs at that given time.

Visit Berlin's jails and count the Turks. Visit France's prisons and see the
Algerians. Visit Canadian prisons and count the French-speaking and the
Native populations. Visit American prisons and jails and see the Blacks
and Hispanics. The patterns are far from new. They give validity to the
discomforting comment of California sociologist John Irving (phonetic)
that the nation's jails exist less for programmed progress of crime control
than as places of rabble management.

It's taken from Jerome Miller's Search and Destroy, a book that certainly
is controversial in some circles, nonetheless I thought the quote to be
appropriate. Drugs have virtually destroyed many American
communities. They impacted the African-American community more
than any other. And it is, even today, a problem that screams for solution.

I remember a woman said to me when I was city manager, "I don't care
what you do, I want you to get these drug dealers from in front of my
yard, I want to get them off of my front porch. You do what you have to
do and get rid of them." And I think that is a sentiment of most
communities. But race matters.

When you visit American jails you would be absolutely certain that the
only people who sold drugs and used drugs were people of color. And we
know that not to be true. When we go to rehabilitation centers, you would
be absolutely certain that the majority of the people, by far, who use
drugs were white.

There is a disconnect. All crimes should be punished, but the punishment
should fit the crime. We all have a responsibility to make sure that there
is true justice. Several years ago I had gone to a dinner party in a
community which I was unfamiliar. And after the party, I was returning
home and was driving at the speed limit and came into a curve and moved
slightly into the opposite  lane.

There was a police officer nearby and the lights went on and he stopped
me and he said, "You know you crossed over into that other lane." I said,
"Yes I am aware of that." And he said, "Where have you been?" And I
said, "I was visiting some friends and I'm now going home." He said,
"Where do you live?" I said, "I live in Oakland."

And he said, "What country are you from?" And I said, "Florida." I found
the question curious. And he said, "You were born in Florida." I said,
"Yes, and so was my father and my grandfather and my great-
grandfather." He said, "Oh, but you sound like you're from somewhere
else."

I do not, I do not sound like what he expected me to sound like. I do not
sound like I'm from somewhere else. I was walking one evening in my
neighborhood, fairly nice neighborhood. It was about 9 in the evening,
and it was my custom to take those walks. And all of a sudden two police
cars began to converge on me.

And I thought, what's going on? The police officers jumped out of the car
and came up to me and said, "Keep your hands to your side." I thought,
keep my hands to my side. [One] approached me, and he said, "Where are
you going?" I said, "I'm walking in the neighborhood, I have left home,
I'm going for a walk."

He said, "Where do you live?" And I said, "I live on Hillcrop Circle."
And I thought, you know, I'd better stop this conversation and tell them
that I am the city manager. And I did. And they were extremely
embarrassed. I said, "What's happening?"--"Why did you stop me?"

And he said, "We got a call that there was a Black man wearing a black
jacket, carrying an ice pick." Well the jacket I had on, and I am color
blind, was not black; it was gray. And I did not have an ice pick. So they
said, "Well you should be careful. How far do you live?" And I said, "Oh,
just right up the street."

I went home and I thought about it and I mentioned [it] to the assistant
city manager the next day, who happens to be white. And he thought of
something that I did not. Now I was mad actually, not so much that I was
stopped, the thought had really not struck me quite that way. After he told
me that there was this lunatic out there with an ice pick, I thought, they
let me walk home?

But Craig had another thought. Craig called the police chief [to] report
the incident and asked him for a copy of the call. That was in 1986. It is
1999, and we still do not have a copy of the call; that was my department. 

There was a break-in in one of our cars that was parked in the driveway a
couple of weeks ago. And the person took my son's nanny's telephone and
something else from the car. And the car was locked. That next morning
we realized that the car had been broken into, and at the breakfast table I
said somebody had broken into the car. When I came home that evening
my 5.5-year-old son had told his nanny that a Black man had broken into
the car.

And I thought why would he say that? I never said anything about the
color of the person breaking into that car. Why would he say [a] Black
man had broken into the car? And so I asked him. I said, "Taylor, who
broke into the car?" And he said, "A Black man." And I said, "Did you
see him?" knowing full well he hadn't.

He said, "No." I said, "How did you know that the person was Black?" He
said, "I don't know." And I thought here is a 5.5-year-old child who sees
something bad happening and his assumption is that a Black man did it.
As troubling as that is, it is more troubling that we have 35-, 45-, 55-year-
old men and women in American society who make the decision that it
happened--it was bad, and a Black man must have done it.

Now I must admit that I bear some responsibility probably for this
because, although I monitor what Taylor watches, I insist that he watches
the news. And when he was 4 years old I told him that he had to watch
the news. So he's been faithfully watching the news. One day I asked
Taylor when he was about 4, what had he seen on the news?

And he said, "They said it's raining." I said, "It's raining. Where's it
raining?" He said, "I don't know, but it's raining." Last week I came home
and I asked Taylor if he had watched the news and he said, "Yes." And I
said, "Tell me what happened." He said, "Well there were a lot of people
and they were crying and they had a lot of children."

He said, "And they said something about these people had been run out of
their homes somewhere." He said, "They say a bad man did it." He said,
"I think he must be a monster." He was watching the news report on
Kosovo. We do watch the news. On the local news [stories] about
robberies, he has seen suspects arrested and he has seen largely people of
color.

I do not want to leave with you any suggestion that the burden of justice
rests only on us, those of us who are in the criminal justice system. There
is a much larger, much more complex issue than that. Justice does rest
also with the schools. And it rests with us a society in terms of how we
value the schools and children who populate them.

It rests with quality education. I would ask you to survey the jails and
prisons of this country and tell me what percentage of the inmates are
high school graduates. Tell me what percentage of the inmates have set
foot 1 day on any college campus, so justice is also in the quality of
education.

We have to get children to school, keep them there, educate them well;
the justice is in employment. I'm working on a project and just got survey
results back, and I was really devastated to hear what some people were
saying. They do not hire certain people who live in Oakland.

No, they do not hire any people who live in Oakland because their
experience is that the people who come from Oakland have an attitude--
have an attitude. Now this is one that I would leave with the Justice
Department. I'm not sure how you would ferret this out, but there is
something alarming about that.

Not hiring people from a certain community because of their attitude
smacks of racism. The people who are not being hired because of their
attitude are young Black males; these are the same ones who we're
arresting--three out of four by the time they're 29 years old--they have an
attitude.

You would have an attitude too. You would have a serious attitude. And
speaking of employment, we all have choices when we hire people. So
we want the brightest, those who are motivated, those who are respectful.
And when we see jailed, convicted, arrested, we turn the page to the next
applicant.

These are the uneducated and the unemployed. Justice requires work, that
people be gainfully employed. The burden falls on the nonprofits and the
churches and the mainstays of our community. It is not enough to talk
about justice from the pulpit. The churches have a responsibility not just
to be activists but to preach the value of respect for the law.

To raise money not just to build sanctuaries, but raise money to educate
the members, to send them to college, to give them the one thing that can
never be taken away from them, and that is knowledge. Justice requires
that families do their jobs and that parents really parent. It is one thing to
be poor; it is something else not to care.

I was invited to speak in Jacksonville several years ago. They invited me
back to recognize my achievements, which I thought was interesting
since I don't have very many of them. But I accepted the honor in any
event, and I remember the mayor who introduced me. We met just before
I was to give my speech.

And as we chatted we shared our backgrounds, and we discovered that we
were born in the same year and that we had graduated from high school
the same year. And both he and I had [been] president of our student
councils and president of our senior classes. And so when he got up to
introduce me he repeated this.

He said all of those things and he said, "So you see Henry and I have a lot
in common." And I don't know what possessed me, as my mother would
say, to do this. Because I don't know what possessed me to talk about the
color of justice. But something told me to say it, and I stood up and
facing an audience very much like this one.

I said, "Everything that the mayor said is true. But the mayor forgot to tell
you that the reason that I attended the University of Illinois and not the
University of Florida is that the University of Florida had not accepted a
single Black student in its entire history." And as I said that I could see
my mother kind of slip under the table.

And after the speech I apologized to her for embarrassing her and she said 
"Oh no, no, no." She said, "You didn't see me slip under the table." She
said, "You said what needed to be said; they needed to hear it." But what
surprised me were the number of people who came up to me afterward,
those under 40, who said, "But that cannot be."

Because their understanding of history is that it was in the 1800s that one
could not attend the University of Florida and the University of Georgia
and the University of Alabama, not in the 1950s and the early 1960s. It
was in the late 1950s and early 1960s that not a single Black student had
been on any of those campuses, and it wasn't because they were not
interested.

I asked my brother to give me a tour of the neighborhood that we grew up
in, and I wanted to go back particularly to the schools. And I did that
before I gave that speech, and it's probably what prompted me to make
that comment. We went back to the place where I had attended
elementary school in Jacksonville, Florida.

The school was torn down, and it should have been. It should never have
existed. It was an old, decrepit, dilapidated, neglected school when I was
there. It was old and decrepit and dilapidated when they opened the
doors. I studied from books where pages were missing and not because
the Black children had torn them out.

I went to the junior high school; it too was torn down and it doggoned
should have been torn down. I went to my high school, which is still
standing. It is a place where James Weldon Johnson wrote, in 1900, "Lift
Every Voice and Sing."

It is the college preparatory of Jacksonville, and it doggoned should be
the college preparatory of Jacksonville because it was a college
preparatory when I attended it and I remembered all of that. And I
remember Alfred Lord Tennyson: "I am a part of all that I have met; . . .
though much is taken, much abides; . . . That which we are, we are--One
equal temper of heroic hearts, . . . strong in will to strive, to seek, to find,
and not to yield."

I remember because I loved this opera so much, the final scene from
Puccini's "Tosca." For those of you who know the opera you know that
Tosca's lover has been imprisoned by the chief of police, and he is a real
tyrant. He agrees to release Mario if Tosca will yield to him. She is
grieved that she has to be so humiliated, but in order to serve her lover,
she consents.

But before she does, she gets [the chief of police] to write a note giving
her and Mario safe passage from the country. And as she grasps the note
and he embraces her for his kiss, she slaps him. He has told her that there
will be mock execution of Mario, that he really will not be executed, but
this is to allow them now the time to escape.

So Tosca goes along with the (unint.) and she goes and she tells Mario
that this will be [a] mock execution. Well true to his form, Scarpia the
tyrant makes it a real execution, and she realizes that she has been tricked.
She climbs to the top of the tower and just before she hurls herself from
the tower, she says, "Scarpia before God we shall meet."

And it is for us who really believe in justice, who really believe in
equality before the law, it is before God we shall meet. We need to
dedicate ourselves and commit ourselves so that our pledge of allegiance
rings true for all Americans. 

That [these] two nations one Black, one white, separate and very unequal,
one rich and one poor--one who can access the justice system knowing
full well that they will be treated fairly, equally and that justice will be
tempered with mercy, and the other knowing that they're poor and Black
are at the mercy of justice.

We must pledge that we will truly become one nation under God,
indivisible with liberty, and justice for all. Thank you.

END OF TAPE

Luncheon Keynote Address--Fox Butterfield

Correspondent, New York Times

Thank you Nancy. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I've always
wanted to stand here with the great seal of the Department of Justice
behind me. I recently had the unusual experience of speaking to a class at
Sing-Sing. There were 25 men in the room. All of them had been
convicted of murder and were serving life sentences.

Oddly they had all read my book, All God's Children, as part of a class
assignment, and they wanted to ask me questions about [it]. They were
also all fathers who wanted to find some better way to connect with their
children. I would like to share this story of one inmate with you because
it represents what I have come to believe is a huge gap in our criminal
justice system which we could do something about if we worked
together.

Your theme this week. A 52-year-old inmate, named Bubba Eng
sentenced for murder, said that he had been at Sing-Sing for 22 years.
Recently he was in the shower room when a newly arrived inmate walked
in, looked at him in the face, and then said, "Daddy."

It was his oldest son whom he had not seen since he was incarcerated. His
son, he learned, had been convicted for armed robbery. At that moment
Bubba Eng was devastated, he realized that not only he had wasted his
life, but his son had wasted his life too, trying to imitate his father's
criminal career.

This story in one form or another will be familiar to many of you, though
not to the public or the politicians who pass our criminal laws. For
reasons that are not well understood or researched, there is a strong
intergenerational effect of incarceration on the children of men and
women who are locked in our jails and prisons.

An intergenerational transmission. In some way, the violence, the
criminal lifestyle is passed from father to son and increasingly from
mother to daughter. And prison does not stop it. In fact prison may,
unintentionally, be part of the mechanism by which crime and violence
are perpetuated. 

Let me offer you some statistics that illustrates this. According to the
Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), on any given day there are now 1.96
million children who have a father or mother or other close relative who
is incarcerated. [Of the] nearly 2 million children, 7 percent of these
children have a mother who's incarcerated.

Ninety-three percent have a father who is locked up. The real totals
though may be much higher. Denise Johnston (phonetic), at the Center
for Children of Incarcerated Parents in Pasadena, believes we should also
include those children whose parents are on probation or parole because
they will have undergone many of the same problems in recent months.

That would add approximately another 5 million children for a total of 7
million, almost the population of New York City. Whichever figure you
choose, the impact on children is enormous. Although the data [are]
maddeningly imprecise, [they are] also appallingly consistent. Again
according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, 50 percent of all juveniles in
locked facilities have a parent or other close relative who has been
incarcerated.

That makes parental incarceration perhaps the single greatest risk factor
in the making of delinquents. This 50-percent finding has been replicated
in virtually every study that's been done. In Minneapolis, 50 percent of
the children who were arrested under 10, had a parent who had been
incarcerated.

In Sacramento County, California, 55 percent of the children between the
ages of 9 and 12 who had been arrested had a parent who had been
incarcerated. Leslie Icocca (phonetic), of the National Center for Crime
and Delinquency, last year did a careful study of girls in detention in four
counties in California: Los Angeles, San Diego, Alameda, and Marin.

Fifty-four percent of their mothers had been incarcerated and almost 50
percent of their fathers. She believes the estimate for the fathers is
probably way too low because many of the girls didn't know much about
their fathers. I want to stress that these findings have nothing, absolutely
nothing, to do with race or ethnicity.

In the 1930s and 1940s, some of you may recall, Sheldon and Eleanor
Gluck, at the Harvard Law School, did the first longitudinal study of the
making of juvenile delinquents in the Boston area. They found that two-
thirds of the boys who were in locked facilities in Massachusetts had
fathers who had been incarcerated.

And of that group, half had grandfathers who had been incarcerated. But
what was really significant in their study was that all of the boys in the
sample were white. David Ferrington (phonetic) has come up with similar
statistics, [in] the 50-percent range, for boys in white working-class
London who have been locked up.

And if you look at adults in jails and prisons, you come up again with
very similar figures. According to BJS about 40 percent of all the
inmates, adult inmates in jails and prisons, have a parent who has been
incarcerated. There isn't time today to explore all the possible reasons
why incarceration of parents often leads to delinquency and to adult
offending.

Suffice it to say there are probably a series of interlocking factors. First,
children with parents who are incarcerated have many other problems in
their lives, poverty, abuse, neglect, drug use, and so on--the factors you're
all too familiar with.

Second, separation from a parent or loss of a parent is always a problem
as with death or war. There is a rich literature on this. Third, there is the
desensitizing effect. Our criminal justice system is built on deterrence and
stigma. 

But children who visit their parents in prison may come to think of it as
normal. A judge in the juvenile court in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, told me
about a case she had. The mother had been convicted of selling crack-
cocaine and was also awaiting trial on charges of neglecting her four
children.

A social worker, well intentioned, was taking the children to visit their
mother in jail until the judge objected and ordered that the visits take
place in her chambers and that the mother be dressed in civilian clothes.

She did not want the children to become accustomed to going to jail. The
mother was puzzled when the judge made this order, and she wondered
why jail visits were a problem. She said [that] she had been taking her
kids to visit her own friends and relatives in prison for years.

Since that time, three of her four children have also been arrested and
placed in juvenile prisons in Louisiana. The judge said to me sadly, "The
kids have fond memories, and their only memories, of their mother
behind bars."

If you have parents in jail, then it's part of your life and there is nothing
offensive about it. There is a fourth factor at work too. Other research has
shown that children who see their parent arrested by the police or have to
be searched when they go to visit a parent in jail or prison can become
angry at law enforcement or contemptuous of police and judges and jail
guards.

They become particularly angry in visitors' room when they see their
parents humiliated, such as when they see their parents denied permission
to cross a yellow line on the floor to go to a vending machine. Only the
visitors can cross those lines.

And finally, fifth, I believe simple imitation is also critical here. The
incarcerated father often becomes a role model. We all know that if your
father is a doctor or a lawyer, or a farmer or a policeman, there's a
likelihood [that] you will go into the same line of work.

What doesn't occur to most of us because we don't have the experience, is
that if your father is an incarcerated criminal, this may also be a powerful,
if perverse, example. In my book, All God's Children, I studied the
transmission of violence through four generations of a family, the Bosket
family, which started out in rural South Carolina and ended up in Harlem.

The earliest member of the family to turn to a life of crime was named
Pudd (phonetic) Bosket, the great-grandfather. He lived, he grew up in
the 1890s in rural Edgefield County, South Carolina. When Pudd was a
young sharecropper and worked on a white man's land raising cotton, he
got tired of being whipped.

Whipping was still legal in South Carolina three decades after the end of
the Civil War, a vestige of slavery. And so one day when the white man
went to whip him, he turned and grabbed the whip out of the white man's
hand and said, "Don't step on my reputation."

It was an amazing gesture at that time in South Carolina. And after that
Pudd could not get hired by anybody else, so he turned to robbing stores,
and he ended up on the chain gang. But instead of becoming viewed as an
outlaw, he became something of a folk hero in his community.

His son and grandson and great-grandson would each seek in their own
way to live up to Pudd's reputation. They would tell stories around their
dinner table about the things that Pudd had done. They would draw
paintings in school of Pudd. Or they would write stories in school about
him.

When the youngest member of his family, Willie Bosket, was born in
Harlem, his mother tried to hide the terrible truth from him that his own
father had murdered two men and was in prison in Wisconsin. But
whenever Willie did something bad like sneaking up behind a woman and
slapping her on the rear end or stealing an old man's cane on the street,
his mother would say to him, "Willie, you're real bad. You're just like
your daddy, and when you grow up you're going to turn out just like
him." Willie didn't know what that meant exactly, but one day when he
was 6, he saw a photograph on his grandmother's dresser of a man
dressed in prison fatigues.

He asked who it was, and his grandmother said, "That's your father. He's
in prison in Wisconsin." And Willie said, "Why is he there?" And his
grandmother said, "Because he murdered two men." That seemed pretty
impressive to Willie and he began incorporating that into his own
personality.

He began to tell his teachers and other boys in school, "Don't mess with
me. My father is a murderer and when I grow up I'm going to be just like
him." Willie was a problem from an early age. When he was 7 he snuck
up to the third floor of his elementary school which was closed and he got
into a storeroom and found a typewriter, went to a window, and threw the
typewriter out a window, narrowly missing hitting a pregnant teacher
walking outside below.

And, in fact, as Willie grew up he continued to commit crimes, 2,000
robberies by his own count. And at the age of 15 he was arrested for
murdering two men. After he'd been arrested, he was examined by a panel
of psychiatrists in New York. They asked him why he did what he did,
and he said [that] he viewed murder as a form of competition.

He wanted to be as good at it as his father had been. So focusing on
children with incarcerated parents may offer us an opportunity, a possible
tool, for more effective intervention and prevention. The problem is, of
course, there is no criminal justice agency responsible for implementing
this.

At the most fundamental level, most jails and prisons are not required to
ask newly arrived inmates whether they have children or what their
names are. And even if they do ask, in some states they don't do anything
with the information. Moreover there's no guarantee that the inmates will
give correct answers.

Do the fathers know where their children are? Do the mothers want to
risk providing a name and maybe losing custody of a child or losing
government benefits? Another problem obviously is, jails and prisons are
in the security business, keeping inmates and guards safe is their primary
mission.

Not surprisingly family visits are low on the priority list. They take up
valuable manpower. And they can be an opportunity to smuggle in drugs
or other contraband. At a more complex level, what should our policy be
about fostering close relations between inmates and their children?

Are visits by children to jail to see their father and mother really good for
family preservation as advocates say? Or do they tend to desensitize the
child, making him or her too comfortable with the jail environment,
causing the criminal justice system to lose its stigma, as the judge in
Baton Rouge believes.

There is essentially now rigorous research on this issue. I would suggest
what common sense tells us, to start paying more attention. Someone,
some agency perhaps, should be responsible for collecting information on
incarcerated parents and their children.

Someone should monitor them or at least share the information with
schools, hospitals, juvenile court judges, social workers, law enforcement
agencies, and so on. A few jails and prisons, on an individual basis, have
begun such programs as some of you know.

The Osborne Association in New York has perhaps the best program in a
prison at Sing-Sing, and has replicated [it] at Woodburn, of any place that
I've seen in the country. It teaches inmates how to try to be better fathers
from inside even when their children don't want to come and visit them or
lie about where their fathers are.

Interestingly, only one-quarter of male inmates in state prisons are
married or are able to remain married. And only about a third receive
visits from family members, though at least two-thirds of male inmates
have children. If you look at jails, the best example that I've seen is in San
Antonio, in a county jail where there is an excellent program for fathers
and mothers, begun by volunteers, that requires attendance at a parenting
class 5 days a week in order to earn the right for a contact visit with your
child on a Saturday.

Parents who don't participate in the class only get to visit by telephone
through a glass partition. But we need much more, systematic state and
national policies and partnerships. If we don't start paying attention to this
issue, the cycle will continue.

Willie Bosket has no children. He's in prison for the rest of his life, three
life sentences and 75 years in solitary. So he will never have children, but
his favorite niece, a very bright girl, who used to go and visit him
regularly, has now been adjudicated a delinquent herself.

She assaulted a man on the subway in New York and she's been placed in
a state training school. So in conclusion I'd like to say the obvious, which
you all know, that there is no free lunch in the prison business and that
prison has more consequences than we think. Thank you very much. 

I would be delighted to take some questions if people have any. I
understand the microphones may be working or people could stand up
and I'll try to hear them, if I can see.

Yes?

Q: You indicated [that] there's no rigorous research on the this issue.
Having read the book about it and spent a lot of time with convicts,
what's your hunch? Do you think exposing kids to detention facilities
makes them comfortable or do you think maintaining that family linkage,
or in some cases creating a family bond, is [a] preferable course for
government to pursue?

A: The question was, there is no rigorous [research] on this issue, but
what's my own hunch as whether it's better to try to preserve family
bonds through visits or does this make the kids too comfortable with the
prison environment? I guess I have to give [a] guarded, ambiguous
answer because we don't have sufficient research.

My own hunch is that it's probably better to preserve the family bonds
and do as much as we can but to monitor closely what's happening--to use
the knowledge that these kids have an incarcerated parent to alert school
authorities, social workers, whoever is working with them.

The parents themselves, to work with the parents themselves to watch for
signs in the kids--this is a kind of marker that could be used effectively, I
hope without stigmatizing the kids, but at least it's a way of looking at
early warning signs.

So I would advocate more of these programs, but we should all be very
aware of what the risks are. Sir, ma'am? Sorry I can't see.

Q: Fox, it's Ann Jacobs from the Women's Prison Association with a
haircut. You know I haven't heard you focus on this desensitizing concern
that you were talking about in terms of the possible result of visitation.
And as a person who spent the last 10 years working with women in the
criminal justice system and in seeing that in more instances than not,
there isn't visitation.

I've spent a lot of my energy looking for ways of improving the
conditions of visitation and the likelihood that parents will see their kids.
I'm glad that you believe that there needs to be more research on this
rather than you're suggesting that visitation is a bad thing, which is what I
was afraid people would hear from what you were saying.

And it occurs to me that, in fact, there are a lot of other factors that are at
work that have to do with this desensitizing phenomenon that you're
talking about. And I wonder, even in the story of Willie Bosket, whether
you might reflect a little bit about the reality for Willie of who his father
was, versus the reality that we learned by reading the book.

You know the part of the story that I'm talking about. That, in fact, he had
a story about who his dad was that he lived up to, then when he met his
dad, [he] wasn't at all who his dad had become, and I did wonder if he
might not have turned out a little bit differently if he had more of an
involving ongoing relationship with his father as he grew up.

A: Well here we have one of the leading experts on the subject, so I have
to be very careful. This is a really difficult question and in the absence of
research it's hard to be sure of your answer. We can only go with our
instincts that visitations probably are a good thing.

But these kids do come up with ideas and Willie never met his father,
never corresponded with his father, didn't know much about his father
except sort of mythology until he was an adult. So he did develop his
idealized portrait of his father in a vacuum because he had not been able
to visit his father.

And it's possible that if he had known his father, if he had been able to go
and see him in prison that he might have had a different sense. That's
something that's inherently unknowable I suppose. So I guess I'll come
back to the answer I gave before which is: In principle, I'm absolutely in
favor of the visitation programs, and particularly teaching the parents
how to be better parents while you've got them in jail or in prison, which
is one of the things I didn't mention.

Of course, you've got the parents in jail or prison. If they get off the
drugs, they can focus on being a better parent, they can learn some things
that they haven't learned in the outside. And the hope is that, when they
get back home, that they can put those things to use.

So certainly I'm in favor of this, but there is all this psychological
evidence that the kids sometimes can be desensitized by the visits. Sir? I
have a hard time seeing from here; the lights are bright.

Q: Jim Mustin with Family and Corrections Network. Really, appreciate
your raising the issue as well. I think another theory that you might want
to emphasize for examination is the basic validity and value of
stigmatization as a way of preventing crime.

I think stigmatization itself is the boomerang. Then when we cast people
out of the community, they have to have some type of response to that.
And the response tends to be, okay, who needs you and to adopt a role of
being an outlaw.

And I think your book demonstrates how this is also passed
intergenerationally. But we're so dedicated in our culture to the belief
[that] the stigmatization is great, that we've just got to do it, that we're
pretty hesitant about examining that assumption.

And if we can take a step back, perhaps we could look at societies that
don't practice, don't emphasize stigmatization but emphasize
reintegration. You'll find that have emphasized strong [?], these are
societies that generally have strong communal values, strong family
values, and they tend to have lower crime rates, at least according to
studies and work that's done by John Graithwave (phonetic) and others.
And I'd like to consider that aspect as well.

A: Well you said it more eloquently than I can, so I agree that that's. . .

Q: Hi, I'm Kay Harris from Temple University in Philadelphia, and I
guess I would like to follow up on your point [that] somebody should be
in charge of dealing with this, tracking it, looking at the impact on
families, on children of incarceration.

And it struck me that a good portion of the sessions at this conference is
on community justice. And we're all involved, I think, in trying to define
what does community justice mean and some of the work that's being
done; I'm thinking of Todd Clear (phonetic) and David Karp's (phonetic)
work on what are the characteristics of an egalitarian just community.

And they talk about one of the key characteristics being inclusion--that is,
that in focusing on communities and building strong, just communities,
everybody who's in the community has to be a focus and in cooperation
with agents of the justice system. 

So that inclusion means focusing on people who are identified as
offenders, the families of offenders, as well as people who are identified
as victims, the families of victims, and their supporters. And that I think,
actually probably not by accident here, that the call that you're making is
part of the real challenge of saying how serious are we about an emphasis
on inclusion in our talking about how it is in the community and how
does the community deal with all the people who are involved and
affected by the justice system.

So if we're not now, as representatives of different parts of the justice
system, paying attention to that, and I think a lot of the people in this are,
I think a lot of [us] would embrace that as being part of our jobs, to care
about exactly the kind of indirect effects, consequences, longer term
effects that previously--and different kinds of models that--didn't focus on
the community element of doing justice, didn't give as much attention to
the consequences beyond the individual offender who's been so much of
the focus traditionally.

A: It's a very good point, thank you. There's one more in the back.

Q: What if Pudd the first had not been caught or incarcerated but there
had just been the story--that is, are you identifying children who are
imitating the behavior of these parents so that the incarceration is sort of a
proxy for the other.

How would your story have unfolded, do you think, if perhaps he killed
someone and [had] gotten away with it and had been on the lam, but it
was sort of a just killing element. Would the story have played out the
same if it was just behavior? Are they trying to get into jail or are they
trying to imitate the behavior that has been modeled for them?

A: It's an interesting question, since, unfortunately Pudd ended up in jail,
ended up in the chain gang repeatedly, that experience started from the
beginning and I don't know how quite to answer it. I think that the fact
that he was in jail and then his son was in jail and the grandson and the
great-grandson, each one of them [was] fascinated, enamored in some
strange way, not only by the criminal experience, but also by the jail
experience.

They're so intertwined it's very hard to separate them. So it's an
impossible question to answer, but I hope that everybody can take
something from this and think about this issue of children and who have
incarcerated parents because it's been really a back-burner issue that has
not gotten much attention from anybody. Thank you.

END OF TAPE

Closing Keynote Address--Honorable Janet Reno, Attorney General of
the United States

Thank you, Nancy, and thank you and your staff for all that you've done
to make this conference possible. 

And thank you for that warm welcome. But I'm the one who should be
applauding you. Frankly, it's easy to come to Washington and try to
remember what you learned in your community about how to get people
to work together and talk about it. It's much harder to work in the
community and bring people together and work through problems and get
things done. I see people out there who I know have been doing that as
partners in their community and as partners with us for some time. You
are the people who make the difference, and I'm just very honored and
privileged to be with you today. 

We have come so far. We've realized that if we're going to succeed we
have to work as partners. We've realized that if we are to succeed we
must forget questions of turf and who gets the credit. Learning from what
each of us does and where we can agree to share the load gives the whole
system a greater chance to be fair, just, and effective.

I think a wonderful example of the partnership that we have talked about
is the program that Nancy and BJA introduced back in 1994 called the
Comprehensive Communities Program, or CCP. Last week Tom
Windham, the Chief of Police of Fort Worth, and several of his
colleagues presented a report called Six Safer Cities, which was
published under a BJA grant to the National Crime Prevention Council.
This report gets to the heart of what your partnerships can yield. 

I have seen that partnership in action. I went to Fort Worth early on after
I'd come to Washington, and I saw what Chief Windham and a
partnership in his community could do. I have seen other examples, and
now people don't look at me as if I'm crazy when I talk about prevention
and intervention, because you have proved me right, all of you in this
room, again and again. 

Similar strategies are working in Denver, Hartford, Boston, and New
York. In a column written by David Broder in the Washington Post,
Broder quotes former Winston-Salem Police Chief George Sweatt, who
said: "We can't go on locking people up. We've got to start looking at the
front end of the problem. We're fast becoming the number one country
for detention. We'd better start looking at kids. If you intervene at the
earliest possible moment, you can reduce the number of people who wind
up in the criminal justice system." 

The day before yesterday I was in Winston-Salem. George Sweatt was
not Police Chief; he was the director of the whole state juvenile justice
system, and he was following through on what he said. It was working. 

I attended a Conference of Mayors meeting last fall, and the mayors said,
when you first came to talk to us in '93 and '94 we listened; we've put it
into effect; and it's working. It's working because of you all who have
made such an extraordinary difference in your community and have
proved us right--that if we start at the front end we can make a difference. 

We have done so much, but there is a tendency in this nation, once you
succeed just a little bit, you become complacent and turn to other
problems and focus on them. We have a golden opportunity in America
right now.

Crime is down 6 years in a row. Juvenile crime is down. Let's not turn
away and become complacent. 

If we can keep after the goals we share, if we can develop prevention,
intervention, enforcement, and aftercare programs the truly make a
difference, we can continue to bring crime down in this nation, and we
can have a substantial permanent impact on the culture of violence in this
country. I'm convinced that we can do this. 

But I would like to talk with you about how we look to the future and the
pieces that I think need to be worked on and focused upon. First, I have
felt that communities understand their needs and resources better than
anyone and that decisions with respect to crime should be made in the
community, with the Federal Government supporting you in every way
that we can. But I think we have neglected the states and the counties in
their relationship to communities and cities, and I would ask each of you
to return to your state and figure [out] what can be done with state
agencies to leverage greater resources, technical assistance, support to
end fragmentation and to make sure we use the dollars as wisely as
possible in every community. 

I look at the dollars that are available from the Federal Government to the
states: Violence Against Women moneys, Byrne grant moneys, victims'
moneys. They're there, and let us make sure that they are used in the
wisest way possible, by building strong partnerships between
communities and state officials. 

I go to a community and there probably is crime. It has spilled over from
the city into the unincorporated area. What are you doing about it, I
asked. And people kind of looked into space and shuffled their feet and
said that they'd better start looking a little bit harder. Let us forge
partnerships that don't break at any point along the line. 

There's clear proof now that, to be successful, programs have to be
comprehensive. If you develop the best Early Start program for [ages] 0
to 3 and then don't have good school systems or good afterschool
programs, that foundation may come to naught. If you don't have
programs after school, the great schooling that the child receives may go
for naught. 
 
So how do we improve on the comprehensive nature of the programs we
have in our various communities? I think you all are doing a great job.
But I would ask you to focus on the concept of aftercare. So much of
what we do in enforcement is wasted because we send a child to a
detention facility or to a state training school for 9 months and then we
return them to the apartment over the open-air drug market where they
got into trouble in the first place, with no support, little concern, no adult
to talk to, and they're going to be right back in our system. 

I ask you to expand your thoughts beyond the juveniles to that category
of people 18 to 35 who have prior records, who too often are running into
closed doors across this nation because people won't hire them, won't
give them a chance because of their prior record. They don't know
anybody; they don't know where to go. If we can focus on aftercare and
support of this category of offender, I think we can make a significant
difference. 

So much has been said about drug treatment in America, its lack thereof,
or its development. When I first became a prosecutor in 1978, people
looked at me as if I were crazy when I said drug treatment works. Now I
don't think I can go anywhere in this country where somebody doesn't
have a family member, friend, neighbor, fellow employee who has
benefited from drug treatment. 

But we've got to make it a coherent continuum. Why do we wait until
somebody gets arrested when we see someone who has an obvious drug
problem, who's not getting help because they can't afford it? Something is
wrong with a nation that says that a man can have five stiff drinks
tonight, drive up the Beltway at 90 miles an hour, crash into a car, kill
two people, break his two arms, and have the two arms set tonight in a
public hospital because he can't afford it, and yet we turn too often to that
person pleading for help and say, you've got to be on a waiting list. They
get back into trouble. 

Let us make sure that we have in our communities across this nation a
continuum of prevention programs, of intervention programs before
arrest, of drug courts, of programs within prisons, of aftercare programs
that can truly make a difference. 

Let us refine what we've learned about case management so that we have
one person, sensitive and thoughtful, managing that person who is a user,
so that [she doesn't] get conned because we have had to shift the person
from one program to another and he can con his way out of everything
because nobody knows what he did in the prior program. 

Let us focus on women and children, as we see crime rise among women
and as we see more people with small children afraid to seek treatment
because they're afraid they will lose their children. Let us figure out new
and innovative ways to deal with them. 

Let us institutionalize some concepts so that it doesn't have to be done
based on a grant program or somebody's charity. Let me give you an
example. There are so many wonderful conflict resolution,
problem-solving programs afoot in this nation today teaching young
people how to resolve conflicts without knives and guns and fists. 

I have a dream for this nation, and that is that [all] teacher[s] will receive
course work before they graduate from teachers college or with a degree
in teaching in how to teach conflict resolution to their students, how to
teach problem solving to their students, and that every police officer in
basic law enforcement training will receive similar training in how to
work with young people on the streets to achieve the same goal. 

We can do so much if we realize how effective these programs can be. At
the same time, we can talk about programs and we can talk about
partnership for a long time, but it won't matter one bit unless we look
behind the partnerships, behind the programs, to the people involved. 

Among the people in the community, we have got to build trust.
Programs don't do it. It is the people in the programs, people who care
and are dedicated, such as yourselves, who can build that trust. We've got
to learn to listen to each other and, as my mother would say, listen with a
listening ear, and we've got to hear what other people are saying. 

We've got to hear through the anger of somebody who has reached the
end of his or her rope the goodness that's there if only we can unlock the
door and bring it out. We've got to learn to listen and talk to young
people. The day before yesterday I was in Winston-Salem, where a basic
law enforcement academy is in the school, a school for kids at risk. Five
trainees sat with five students, and one young man said: "I didn't like
police; I thought they were the bad guys. I ran the other way when I saw
them coming. I was suspicious. Then these guys started talking to me,
and I turned away, and I didn't want to listen to them. But suddenly I
started hearing them and what they said made sense."

When you looked at those five trainees and those young people who have
been through so much in their young lives, and when you listen to them
talk and acknowledge each other, these were not strangers, these were not
enemies; these were people [who] had formed confidence and trust in
each other. 

We can do so much if we return to our communities and make sure that
we look at the people we are working with and develop that trust--trust
that does not have to come from constant agreement, but trust that comes
from respect and regard for each other. 

One of the people we must look at as a person here and react to is the
victim. We must do that, first of all, because of common humanity. The
law has done a good deal about that. The law in state and federal systems
now provides a large number of protections for victims. But too often we
don't put substance behind the laws, either because the legislature won't
fund the system properly or because the person doesn't know how to talk
to the victim. 

Again, we can do so much if we start thinking about, how would I want
my mother to be treated if she were sitting across the table from me now?
And if we put it in human terms, we can make the system more effective,
people will be more willing to testify. There are a number of reasons why
we should do it, leaving aside the most important, which is the humane
reason. 

But there is another reason we must focus on victims. Children who have
been the witnesses or the victims of violence too often come to accept
violence as a way of life and perpetuate violence as they grow older by
their own conduct and their own actions. We should intervene in any
instance in which a child has been the victim of violence, in which the
child has witnessed terrible violence, to provide counseling to let them
know that violence does not have to be part of their life for the rest of
their life. 

One area that you'll be surprised to hear me mention, but it is a critical
area, for the system will break down without it, is provision for indigent
defense. There are too many cases continued because there are not
adequate lawyers available. There are too many cases reversed because
there was incompetent counsel. And unfortunately, ladies and gentlemen,
there are innocent people who have been convicted because they did not
have appropriate counsel. 

If we are to make Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court decision
guaranteeing counsel to those who could not afford it, a reality, if we are
to make the law in this country worth something more than the paper it's
written on, we've got to make sure that everyone is properly represented
in our courts. 

But I have a challenge to defense lawyers. Most of them think that their
job is to get the person off, get the motion to dismiss granted, and they
think they've won the case. But too often their client walks out, back into
violence, back into drug use, and I think it's time to rethink the traditional
role of the public defender. 

I just received from my old public defender at home, an adversary who
I've said I've gotten more provoked at than probably anybody in the
criminal justice system, a remarkable statement. It's the Public Defender
Anti-Violence Initiative (AVI) of the 11th Judicial Circuit in Dade
County, Florida: "It is the primary goal of the Anti-Violence Initiative to
reduce the likelihood of our clients engaging in future criminal conduct." 

Here are examples of ongoing AVI partnerships and projects in Dade
County: 

"The Public Defender is a partner of the University of Miami Child
Service and Policy Research Program in evaluating the effectiveness of
the Juvenile Justice Sentencing Project."

"Teamed with the University of Miami School of Medicine Center for
Family Studies in a community partnership to prevent violence."

"Worked closely with the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice,"--and
on and on, focusing on what they can do to make sure their client never
returns to violence. 

If we all thought in those terms about what each of us can do, we can all
make a difference. This is a golden opportunity. We have a chance in this
country to give our children strong and positive futures so that nobody is
left by the wayside, so that nobody is written off, so that everyone has
equal opportunity. 

But we won't do it waiting until they grow up. We've got to start early,
with the building blocks of life, with strong and healthy parents, with
health care that can make a difference, with solid education, with good
schooling, with supervision during afternoons and evenings, truancy
prevention, conflict resolution skills, school-to-work opportunities, but
most of all giving our kids the spirit and the feeling that they can grow up
to make a difference in this life. 

You all are shining examples of what one person can do in your
community to make a difference. Ladies and gentlemen, because of your
work, if we keep at it, we are going to make a difference and we are
going to end the culture of violence in this country for the lifetime of the
people in this room and I'd say even on to your grandchildren. 

God bless you all. 

(Applause.) 

We have some time for questions and I'd be happy to take your questions,
but I have a question for you. If you don't want to ask me a question, you
might answer this one: If you were the Attorney General of the United
States, what would you do to address the concerns that I've talked about
today or that are a matter of concern to you and or community? 

Q: Ms. Attorney General--

A: This lady is one of the first people I met when I came to Washington.
She told me about her program, and she's been there ever since. 

Q: Ms. Attorney General, it's so good to see you. One of the things that I
think that from your position would be very helpful to local communities
is, as we look at the corrections system, people think it's the corrections
system that has to fix itself. I would ask you and other Cabinet members
to convene a session of agencies at the local level, such as United Ways,
such as school districts, such as our local community resources, because
together, as we begin to look at the full spectrum of care, if we literally sit
at the local level and connect the dots and find our resources locally,
what's happening in corrections is all of our problem, but it has always
only been relegated to the criminal justice system to take care of itself. 

I think we can work very, very well with our workforce development
commissions, our United Ways, to be able to look at peer-run group
recovery homes, our local funding entities that actually fund treatment
where we can fund it properly and do some things. It would be very, very
good if you could convene a meeting of some of those lead agencies and
people to be able to get them involved in this whole situation. 

A: Could you do me a favor and make sure I have your card? 

Q: Yes, ma'am. 

A: So I can follow up with you and get more of the details. 

Q: I will. Thank you. 

A: That's a wonderful idea. 

(Applause.) 

Q: Honorable AG, this is Roland Smallwood, Columbia, South Carolina. 

In response to your question, I think the group assembled in this hall
today happens to be the members of the church and choir, so the problem
does not lie within the members who are assembled here. The problem
lies with those persons in law enforcement, particularly those who are
chiefs of police and sheriffs, who have not embraced the concept of
community policing and community mobilization that you so diligently
try to push through. 

I think with the upcoming National Crime Prevention Council's
conference in November that some effort needs to be made to make sure
that persons in the upper echelon levels of law enforcement who have not
embraced the concept of police, of community policing, be brought into
this conference so that they can see communities that have accepted it and
it is working. 

In rural America you've got a lot of sheriffs and police officers who still
do not believe, still want the nightsticks and believe that they can get
people to submit by beating them across the head with a stick. I think
unless those persons are brought to the forefront, part of America is going
to move forward and part of America is going to stay in the back because
of their beliefs. 

A: I think your point is well taken, and you will be interested to know
that I'm going from here to a conference on just that subject. I think the
great issue that we have now is how we recognize that there are many,
many police officers who are dedicated, doing an extraordinary job for
their community. The great majority of police chiefs and sheriffs support
community policing, support sensitive and professional policing, but
there are some police officers, as there are some lawyers and some
doctors, who abuse the confidence and the trust that we place in them. 

I think those few have created a sense of concern among a significant part
of the population. It is imperative that all of us, police and the
community, work together to address this issue, in efforts such as I saw in
Winston-Salem, where I had seen trust developed that was just
extraordinary, or in High Point, North Carolina, where the faith
community had been involved and the complaints against police officers
had fallen dramatically because people had learned how to talk to each
other. We are pursuing efforts within the Civil Rights Division. 

But I think your point is very well taken, and I would continue to
appreciate specific suggestions you have, such as you made with respect
to the fall conference, on what we can do. 

Q: Attorney General Janet Reno, I am deeply in admiration for all the
work that you've done, and I have a request to make. I run halfway houses
for offenders coming out of prison. I am seeing a trend coming out of
Washington--I'm in the state of Nevada. I'm seeing a trend come out of
Washington that says we need to become bean-counters when it comes to
substance abuse treatment, how many people attended a process group,
how many people received one-on-one counseling. 

This is all in the substance abuse treatment field, and this is just one
aspect of the work that we do. This level of bean-counting to me doesn't
really address the problem of what are we actually producing. I would
like to see a stronger emphasis coming out of the work we're doing as to
what we are actually producing. In other words, how many people are not
going back to prison, how many people are not using 3 months and 6
months later, and get away from this fee-for-service bean-counting,
toward a more results-oriented objective throughout the whole field, get
away from that managed care model and move more toward a
results-oriented field for all of the social service agencies throughout the
United States. 

It's probably my Scotch nature, but this is what I want to see for my tax
money, and I would appreciate your backing in this. Thank you. 

A: I need to know who's requiring you to do that bean-counting. 

(Laughter.) 

Q: There goes my funding, Attorney General. 

A: Here's what I would appreciate your doing. 

Q: Okay. 

A: Do you have a card? 

Q: Yes. 

A: If you can figure out who's asking you to do it, then I'll call you or
have somebody call you in about a week and let's work through it and
understand it. 

You will not achieve, however, the results until we develop a better case
management generally across the country, and I referred to that earlier, so
that we know what the results are. And if we can develop information as
to results, it can make a tremendous difference in terms of persuading
Congress and the legislatures to fund programs that produce results. 

We've got so much to do in showing results, whether it be in drug
treatment or other efforts, and sometimes you can't show results
overnight. You've got to invest in children before you have the proof of
the pudding. But I think we can do a lot more, and I'm proud of what
Nancy and others have done in terms of developing an ability to evaluate
results, not the beans. 

Q: I see that coming out of the Bureau of Justice. It's other agencies that
I'm having problems with. 

A: Let me find out who. 

(Laughter.) 

A: So make sure I get a card. 

Q: Okay, you've got it. Thank you. 

Q: Good morning, Attorney General. I thought I'd better chime in here
because we're getting left out in the back of the room. 

A: Let me just--please excuse me just for a moment. I can take you and
two other people in the time that I've got, and I apologize. So I didn't
want people to stand and think that I could get to everybody.

So forgive me, but we'll take you and two others. 

Q: My name is Rod Gatula. I am a family physician and, looking over the
list of participants, I suspect I'm the only physician here and certainly
probably the only individual from a medical school. 

One of my concerns and one of the things I've been working on for about
4 years is to get the issues that you're discussing regarding domestic
violence, drug abuse, et cetera, into the health education field. When you
ask about what sort of things can be done to have an impact, I think as I
look at health education and have looked at it there is almost no
curriculum in the medical schools, nursing schools, on how to identify
and how to treat individuals who are involved in domestic violence, drug
abuse, et cetera. 

If you want to look at a longitudinal impact, if you train healthcare
professionals before they get out of those institutions to look for issues
around domestic violence, to ask families about whether members have
been incarcerated, to look at drug abuse issues, they're one of the
constants in the life of a child, besides the school system, where you
know that that child will be seeing a healthcare professional for all those
years, and that they may also be able to change the system. 

So I would encourage the Bureau of Justice to get more involved in
pushing health care institutions to teach those types of curriculums, so
that practitioners who come out know how to deal with them. 

A: Doctor, you've just become a great force for me. 

But first of all, I can't see you that well from this distance, but you sound
like Garrison Keillor. 

(Laughter.) 

First of all, when I first had some public hearings in Florida on substance
abuse, I discovered that then, in about 1987, there was no curriculum on
addictionology in any major medical school. I hope that's changing, and
Donna Shalala and I have both written to deans of medical schools urging
the change.

Now I've got to go back, prodded by you, to see what's being done. 

I was very pleased to see that the American Pediatric Association--I'm not
sure what its name is--had developed some protocols and some guidelines
for pediatricians, because I think that pediatricians can be powerful forces
for talking to children about violence, violence prevention, how to treat it,
what to do, and that the combination of the public health discipline and
the criminal justice law enforcement discipline can be very powerful. 

I then asked, well, if the pediatricians are doing this, what are the family
physicians doing about domestic violence? Someone recently had a
conversation with a representative of the American Medical Association
and I'm told some good progress is being made. 

I'm going to go back and look at it all and see if I can't translate more
effort into health education. I think your point is extremely well taken,
and I'd appreciate any other suggestions you have, too. 

Q: Ms. Reno, my name is Michael Smith. I'm a member of the National
Youth Network. First I'd like to just thank you for your support to young
people across this nation. You have truly been a great leader in making
sure that young people are constantly at the table and that we're being
heard in all sorts of areas. 

A: Michael, you wouldn't let me do otherwise. 

(Laughter.) 

Q: Thank you. 

I just wanted to say to you, if I were Attorney General for a day, one of
the things that I would like to see is, any time a decision is going to be
made that affects the life of young people, whether it's a sheriff making a
decision for a curfew or whether it's a district attorney deciding to
represent a different type of opinion, I think there should be a committee
of young people, of diverse young people, not just the straight-A
students, but the young people who have been through those experiences,
who could be there to advise that person on that decision. 

A: I think that's an excellent point. 

(Applause.) 

I will tell you, Michael, that, with the caseload a district attorney has or
many public officials have, if you left it to advice by committee, we'd
never get anything done that you and I wanted to get done. 

What good persons will do in the community if they are sensitive to your
recommendation is make sure that they listen to young people wherever
they go and that they float an idea, that they try out something new, that
they say, what do you think about this. I try, as I think you know, as I've
said before, whenever I go to a new community to talk to young people
who are in trouble or who have been in trouble, to ask them what they
think. I try to involve as many young people as possible in my thought
processes. 

So it may not be by committee all the time, but it's clear that young
people have so much to say. When I go to schools, I explain to them that
they ask better questions than anybody, including newspaper reporters.
You can learn volumes from them. 

Q: Thank you. 

Q: (Speaks in Native-American tongue). I greeted you, Attorney General
Janet Reno, in my language, acknowledging you also as a relative and
thanking you for the work that you've done so far. 

My name is Waunetta Lonewolf. I'm a member of the Oglala Lakota
Nation from Pine Ridge, South Dakota. I live in Phoenix, Arizona. I have
an organization called Dream Weavers, which consists of ex-Native gang
members. One of my concerns is the funding that is starting to become
more and more available to remote areas and tribal nations is really
geared toward federal juvenile institutions. 

I would just like to encourage you in your position to work more with the
judges across the United States to look more at alternative forms of
incarceration and look at other forms of creative sentencing, as opposed
to putting our youth in the warehousing system, because that makes our
job a lot more difficult when they come out. 

Also, to take into consideration those youth who are locked up. Taking a
look at the curriculum--I do believe that institutions can rehabilitate. We
look at them as not being able to. The issues that you are concerned with
in terms of the drugs, the alcohol, the violence, also exists within the
juvenile prisons, and we have a lot of crimes that are being committed
inside the prisons. So if you would take a look at some of the programs
that are being instituted, the curriculum that has been developed for youth
while they are locked up, I think that would make, those of us who really
have a passion in working with our youth, our jobs a lot easier. 

A: I've assigned somebody to do that and to work on both curriculum
alternatives, sentencing circles, learning from Native-Americans as to
what can be more effective in giving young people a chance for a strong
and positive future, and I would appreciate any specific suggestions that
you can provide me. 

Thank you all so very, very much.

(Applause.)

SPEAKER BIOGRAPHIES

GARY L. ACEVEDO has been a member of the Confederated Salish and
Kootenai Tribes' judiciary since November 1998. He is active in general
jurisdiction work as well as being the tribal court's designated juvenile
court judge. Judge Acevedo is a member of the Montana Juvenile Justice
Council. He is a member of the Montana Court Improvement Program's
Advisory Committee, served 6 years on the Montana Children's Trust
Fund Board, served 2 years on the Montana Governor's Council on
Families, and is a member of the Montana Bar Association's Judicial
Relations Committee.

MARIE ALMONTE has been working since February 1998 as an
outreach counselor for the Street Outreach (SOS) project of the Midtown
Community Court in New York City. Ms. Almonte is a certified HIV
counselor who works closely with the New York City Police
Department's community policing units to offer immediate assistance to
those on the streets who have fallen between the cracks of traditional law
enforcement and social service systems. Prior to joining the SOS
program, Ms. Almonte was the bilingual educator at the Midtown
Community Court for the Foundation for Research on Sexually
Transmitted Diseases, running health education groups for misdemeanor
offenders.

S. CAMILLE ANTHONY serves as the executive director of the Utah
Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice, a position to which she
was appointed in November 1992 by Gov. Michael O. Leavitt. The
commission, made up of 19 criminal and juvenile justice professionals
and a citizen chair, is charged with promoting broad philosophical
agreement concerning the objectives of the criminal and juvenile justice
system in Utah, as well as providing a mechanism for coordinating the
functions of the various branches and levels of government involved. In
addition, Ms. Anthony is on Gov. Leavitt's Senior Staff and Cabinet
Council. Previously, she worked as an intern for U.S. Sen. Jake Garn
(R-Utah), and participated in a study abroad program in London,
England, with Brigham Young University (Utah). In 1992, she was
selected by Rotary International to participate in its Group Study
Exchange to Sweden. Ms. Anthony received a Juris Doctor from the
University of Utah College of Law.

CARLA M. ARRANAGA is deputy-in-charge of the Hate Crime
Suppression Unit for the Los Angeles County (Calif.) District Attorney's
Office and is responsible for the prosecution of all adult hate crimes in
Los Angeles County. Ms. Arranaga has helped establish a hate crimes
response in every police department and sheriff station in Los Angeles
County. Ms. Arranaga has been a prosecutor for the office for more than
14 years. She assists a variety of federal, state, and local agencies
responsible for the prosecution and abatement of hate crimes. In 1997,
Ms. Arranaga served as a panelist for the White House Hate Crime
Summit. Ms. Arranaga received a bachelor of arts degree in political
science and Chicano studies and a Juris Doctor from the University of
California at Berkeley.

NICK ATHAS is a film producer with Olmos Productions, Inc. His work
includes producing It Ain't Love and serving as marketing director for
Dominick and Eugene, The Ballad of Gregorio Cortez, Triumph of the
Spirit, and American Me. He served as producer and director of outreach
of the Lives in Hazard Film and Educational Campaign and has 4 years'
experience working on violence and abuse issues. He attended the
University of California at Los Angeles Film School.

CLEMENTINE BARFIELD-DYE is president of Save Our Sons and
Daughters (SOSAD), which she founded in 1987 after the shooting death
of one of her teenage sons. SOSAD provides a support network for
victims of homicide and creates positive, peaceful alternatives to
violence. Ms. Barfield-Dye has been a guest lecturer at numerous
colleges and served on the board of directors of the National Victim
Center, the Black Community Crusade of the Children's Defense Fund,
the Community Violence Prevention Project, the International Convening
Committee of the Citizens' Assembly for a Weapons Free World, and the
National Organization of Victim Assistance. She has a degree in
interdisciplinary studies from Wayne State University (Mich.) and
honorary doctoral degrees from Marygrove College (Mich.) and Siena
Heights University (Mich.).

GENE BARNES is the district administrator for the California
Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control's San Diego district office. He
has been employed with the department since 1974. Mr. Barnes conducts
L.E.A.D. (License Education on Alcohol and Drugs) training, is a
presenter for police seminars regarding ABC disorderly premises
investigations, has served on committees concerning conditional use
permits, and is an adviser to Youth Access to Alcohol Panels. He has a
master's degree in education administration from San Bernardino State
University (Calif.), a community college teaching credential for police
science, and a Management Peace Officer Standards Training certificate.

JOSEPH BEARD has been responsible for the Snohomish County
(Wash.) Police Department's Sex Offender Unit since 1992. His
responsibilities include preparing sex offender community notification
bulletins, conducting all sex offender community education meetings,
tracking the registered sex offenders residing within the county, and
preparing failure-to-register cases for prosecution. He conducts sex
offender community notification training with local school districts, child
protection services, the state Department of Corrections, and other police
agencies within the county. He was appointed a voting member of the
Department of Corrections End of Sentence Review Committee and is a
member of the End of Sentence Review Subcommittee that determines
the distribution of the "Notice of Release" on sex offenders within the
state of Washington.

JAMES BELL has been a staff attorney at the Youth Law Center in San
Francisco, California, for 17 years, representing children confined in
adult jails, juvenile detention centers, and training schools. He is
currently involved in litigation in San Francisco, New Orleans, and
Kentucky. He has written articles analyzing death penalty sentences for
children and testified before Congress on federal legislation that impacts
adolescents. He continues to assist the African National Congress in the
administration of the juvenile justice system in South Africa. Similarly,
he worked with Palestinians and Israelis on alternatives to juvenile
incarceration. He has recently returned from Cambodia, where he trained
lawyers.

SHAY BILCHIK has served as administrator of the U.S. Department of
Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention since
October 1994. He previously served as associate deputy attorney general
in the Office of the Deputy Attorney General. Mr. Bilchik began his
career in 1977 as an assistant state's attorney for the 11th Judicial Circuit
of Florida in Miami. In 1979, he was promoted to juvenile division chief
and later to deputy chief assistant for administration. Mr. Bilchik became
chief assistant for administration in 1985 and had supervisory authority
over the juvenile prosecution program. He established and oversaw the
Child Advocacy Center, which is a multidisciplinary intake unit for cases
involving victims of child abuse. He has lectured extensively on juvenile
justice issues and served on the faculty of the National Council of
Juvenile and Family Court Judges. Mr. Bilchik received a bachelor's
degree and a Juris Doctor from the University of Florida.

BETHANY BLAKEY is management/program analyst with the U.S.
Department of Justice Drug Enforcement Administration, and is currently
detailed to the Crime Mapping Research Center of the U.S. Department
of Justice, National Institute of Justice (NIJ). Her primary responsibility
at NIJ is staffing the Joint National Partnership for Reinventing
Government/Department of Justice Crime Mapping & Data-Driven
Management Task Force. She has worked in a variety of nonprofit human
services organizations and in all three levels of government, including the
mayor's office of Pittsburgh, the Pennsylvania Department of Corrections
Community Correctional Centers, and now the Justice Department. She
earned two master's degrees from the University of Pittsburgh, including
a master of public administration with a specialty in management of
nonprofit organizations and a master of social work with a concentration
in community organization and planning.

ROBERT J. BODISCH, Sr., is the director of the Texas Narcotics
Control Program, in the office of the governor. The Texas Narcotics
Control Program directs the activities of 47 Narcotics Task Forces spread
throughout Texas. Mr. Bodisch is also the state coordinator for the Texas
Military Surplus Property and Procurement Program. Prior to accepting
his current position, Mr. Bodisch was a Harris County (Tex.) deputy
sheriff, a lieutenant investigator with the Harris Country District
Attorney's Office, chief investigator with the Texas Prosecutors Council,
senior criminal investigator with the Texas Attorney General's Office, and
reserve captain with the Taylor (Tex.) Police Department. Mr. Bodisch
serves as an advisory board member of the U.S. Department of Justice's
Border Research and Technology Center; a member of the Joint
Command Group, Operation Alliance; a member of the Organizational
Command Group, Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information
System; a member of the Drug Policy Task Force, Council of State
Governments; and chairman of the Organizational Command Group for
the Texas Narcotics Control Program.

ROBERT C. BORUCHOWITZ has been the executive director of the
Seattle-King County (Wash.) Public Defenders Association since 1978.
He is the author of numerous articles and frequently serves as a trainer at
continuing legal education seminars. He is a member of the National
Legal Aid and Defenders Association Board of Directors and the
Washington Minority and Justice Commission. He received a bachelor of
arts degree in political science from Kenyon College (Ohio) and a Juris
Doctor from Northwestern University School of Law (Ill.). Other
activities include: panelist, "What Defenders Can Learn from Racial Bias
in the Courts Studies," NLADA, December 8, 1994; participant, forum on
"Post-Sentence Detention of High-Risk Offenders," Ministry of Justice,
Ottawa, Canada, May 12-13, 1995; recipient of Reginald Heber Smith
Award, National Legal Aid and Defenders Association, 1987, and
William O. Douglas Award, Washington Association of Criminal
Defense Lawyers, 1993; member, National Legal Aid and Defenders
Association Board of Directors, Defender Council; and technical support
member, Washington State Minority and Justice Commission. 

JOSEPH E. BRANN has served as director of the U.S. Department of
Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services since 1994. Mr.
Brann began his law enforcement career in Santa Ana, California. In
1990, he became chief of police in Hayward, California. He has written
and lectured extensively on community policing. Mr. Brann has a
bachelor's degree in criminal justice from California State University at
Fullerton and a master's degree in public administration from the
University of Southern California. He is a graduate of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation's National Academy.

BARBARA BRODERICK has been the state director for adult probation
for the Arizona Supreme Court for the past 4 years. In her current
position, Ms. Broderick has responsibility for strategic planning,
budgeting, and program oversight of the 15 probation departments within
the superior court. Prior to joining the Arizona judicial system, she was
the New York state director of probation and correctional alternatives and
the director of policy analysis and information for the New York state
parole division. Ms. Broderick is the southwest regional representative on
the American Probation and Parole Association's Board of Directors. She
holds a master of arts degree from the University at Albany School of
Criminal Justice (N.Y.).

THOMAS C. BROWN is the owner of Summit Quest Consulting and a
national speaker, workshop facilitator, and executive retreat leader in the
areas of organizational and personal empowerment and leadership
development. He has a doctor of philosophy degree in lifestyle
management and organizational change.

GARLAND BRUNOE is vice chairman of the Confederated Tribes of
Warm Springs Indian Reservation of the Dog River Band of Wascoe's.
He is also the director for compensation and benefits and managed care
branch for the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs. 

HEZEKIAH BUNCH, Jr., is the chief of police for the Housing Authority
of Baltimore City (Md.) Police Force. Prior to accepting this position in
March 1993, Mr. Bunch retired from the Baltimore City Police
Department with 22 years of active duty. During his career, he performed
duties in the Patrol Division; Foot Patrol Unit; Special Operations Unit;
Tactical Operations Unit; Tactical Public Housing Drug Enforcement
Unit; District Community Relations Unit; Criminal Investigations
Division Narcotics Unit Drug Enforcement Administration Task Force;
State's Attorney's Office Investigative Unit; and the Executive Protection
Unit. Mr. Bunch recently became an assessor for the Commission on
Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, Inc. He has an associate in
arts degree in law enforcement from Baltimore Community College
(Md.) and a bachelor of science degree in criminal justice from Cooper
State College (Md.). He is a graduate of the National Academy of the
Federal Bureau of Investigation. 

KEVIN S. BURKE is a district court judge in Hennepin County (Minn.).
He presently presides in the Hennepin County Drug Court and is the
assistant chief judge of the district. He is former chief judge of the
district. He was appointed to the bench in 1984 and was elected in 1986
and re-elected in 1992 and 1998. Before becoming a trial court judge, he
was an assistant public defender and in private practice. He is a member
of the board of directors of the National Center for State Courts and
serves as an adjunct professor of law at the University of Minnesota. For
a number of years, Judge Burke chaired the Minnesota State Board of
Board Defense. He graduated from the University of Minnesota Law
School. 

DOTTIE BURKETT is an elder service officer with the Seminole County
(Fla.) Sheriff's Office and has been an active TRIAD participant/presenter
at the local, regional, and national levels for the past 6 years. Ms. Burkett
has been a presenter/consultant at numerous academy and agency training
locations in Florida and other states. 

DONNA BURNS serves as director of the Special Projects Division of
the Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA). This division
includes Public Information Training, the Consequence Management
Program, the Excess Property Program, and Information Management.
Prior to joining GEMA in 1991, Ms. Burns was the executive assistant to
the chief of staff for the State Olympic Law Enforcement Command
during the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia; a
criminal justice consultant with the Georgia Department of Community
Affairs; the director of training for the Georgia Sheriffs' Association; and
deputy sheriff with the Cobb County (Ga.) Sheriff's Office. Ms. Burns is
a certified peace officer and peace officer instructor. She has a bachelor
of arts degree in criminal justice from West Georgia College and a master
of government administration degree from Georgia State University.

FOX BUTTERFIELD is a national correspondent for the New York
Times, reporting on crime and criminal justice policy. He has worked as a
Times correspondent for 30 years, serving as bureau chief in Saigon,
Tokyo, Hong Kong, Beijing, and Boston and as a correspondent in
Washington and New York. During that time, he was awarded the
Pulitzer Prize as a member of the New York Times team that published
the Pentagon Papers, the Pentagon's secret history of the Vietnam War, in
1971. He is also the author of several books; has published articles in
numerous publications other than the Times; has appeared frequently as a
guest on television news programs; and has lectured to a wide variety of
groups. He received a bachelor's degree, master's degree, and doctor of
philosophy in Chinese history from Harvard University (Mass.). 

SEAN M. BYRNE is executive director of the New York Prosecutors
Training Institute, which provides capital prosecution training and
technical assistance to members of the New York State District Attorneys
Association. Previously, Mr. Byrne served as deputy commissioner of the
New York Division of Criminal Justice Services; counsel to the director
of criminal justice in the executive chamber of former New York Gov.
Mario M. Cuomo; and law clerk for Judge W. Bellacosa of New York's
Court of Appeals. He also served in the New York Division of Parole and
in the counsel's office of the New York Department of Correctional
Services. 

JOHN A. CALHOUN is executive director of the National Crime
Prevention Council, a nonprofit organization whose work includes public
service advertising, training and technical assistance, work with the 122-
member Crime Prevention Coalition of America, substance abuse
prevention, municipal strategies, youth initiatives, publications, policy
development, and fundraising. He created and launched the Youth as
Resources program, an initiative that asks youth to identify social issues
that concern them and then design and run service projects to address
those issues. Former Massachusetts commissioner of the Department of
Youth Services, Mr. Calhoun served as a presidential appointee under
President Carter as commissioner of the Administration for Children,
Youth and Families. A graduate of Brown University (R.I.), Mr. Calhoun
also holds a master's degree in theology from Episcopal Divinity School
(Mass.) and a master's degree with honors in public administration from
Harvard University (Mass.).

WILLIAM H. CARBONE is executive director of the Court Support
Services Division in the state of Connecticut's Judicial Branch. He was
formerly director of the state's Office of Alternative Sanctions;
undersecretary of the Management and Justice Planning Division,
Connecticut Office of Policy and Management; and chairman of the
state's Prison and Jail Overcrowding Commission. Mr. Carbone holds a
practitioner-in-residence appointment at the School of Public Safety and
Professional Studies of the University of New Haven (Conn.). He teaches
courses at the undergraduate and graduate levels in various aspects of the
juvenile and adult criminal justice systems.

THOMAS H. CARR serves as the director of the Washington/Baltimore
High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area program, a project sponsored by
the Office of National Drug Control Policy. Mr. Carr retired from the
Maryland State Police after 23 years of service. He was assigned to the
Attorney General's Office, where he worked as a white-collar crime
investigator and supervisor. He also served as an associate instructor with
the Maryland Police and Correctional Training Commission. Prior to that,
he was commander of the Criminal Investigation Division and the
Narcotics Division and was chief of the Bureau of Drug Enforcement.
Mr. Carr has been a faculty member of the University of Maryland,
Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology since 1993. He also
serves as director of the University of Maryland Law
Enforcement/Criminal Justice Technology Research Program. Actively
involved in the development of new criminal justice policy within the
state of Maryland, he was the vice chairman of the Maryland Governor's
Prescription Drug Commission, a vice chairman of the Governor's Drug
and Alcohol Abuse Commission, and executive director of the state
Office of Strategic Drug Enforcement Coordination, a forum that
coordinated state antidrug initiatives. Mr. Carr has a bachelor of arts
degree in history from Towson University (Md.) and attended the Federal
Bureau of Investigation's National Academy and the Federal Executive
Institute.

JAMES D. CAYCE is presiding judge for the King County (Wash.)
District Court. Prior to his appointment to the bench in 1989 he spent 9
years in private practice. Judge Cayce chaired a task force that led to the
creation of a mental health court in King County. He also created a
speaker's bureau, which provides court outreach to immigrant and ethnic
communities. The bureau focuses on opening communication between
the courts and the community, providing education about the services
available in the courts and giving people an opportunity to meet elected
officials in an informal atmosphere. Judge Cayce serves on numerous
committees. 

JAN M. CHAIKEN, Ph.D., has been director of the U.S. Department of
Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics since September 1994. Previously he
served as an assistant professor in the Mathematics Department of
Cornell University (N.Y.), a research associate at the Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, a senior mathematician at the RAND
Corporation, an adjunct associate professor at the University of California
at Los Angeles System Sciences Department, and a principal scientist in
law and justice at Abt Associates Inc. Dr. Chaiken has a doctor of
philosophy degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. 

MARCIA CHAIKEN is director of research for LINC, where she has
developed and carried out research and produced research-application
reports and presentations for many of the federal research agencies
included in the U.S. Departments of Justice and Health and Human
Services and the U.S. Congress. Private foundations for whom she has
developed research, reports, and presentations include the W.K. Kellogg
Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the
Carnegie Corporation of New York. She has also carried out a number of
evaluations for national youth organizations, including Girl Scouts of the
USA and Girls Clubs of America. Dr. Chaiken is taking the lead in a
partnership of senior research analysts, eight municipal and county law
enforcement departments, and three tribal governments, including tribal
police, for a U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice-
sponsored project involving locally initiated research in support of
community policing. The project is concentrating on reducing violence
against women and girls. As principal investigator, Dr. Chaiken recently
completed a project funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York
and NIJ with the goal of providing safer environments for youth during
nonschool hours. In 1995, Dr. Chaiken was cochair of the American
Society of Criminology Task Force on Prevention, Research, Policy and
Practice, which convened at the request of U.S. Attorney General Janet
Reno. 

MARCIA CHOO is the assistant director of museum programs at the
Simon Wiesenthal Center Museum of Tolerance where she is responsible
for the coordination and integration of museum education programs such
as the Arts & Lectures Series, Special Exhibitions, the Tools for
Tolerance for Professionals Program, and Special Events. As the past
executive director of the Asian-Pacific-American Dispute Resolution
Center, Ms. Choo has an extensive background in mediation and race
relations and conflict resolution. She designed and team-taught a course
on race relations and community conflict resolution at California State
University, Dominguez Hills, and continues to be a part-time faculty
member with the Straus Institute for Dispute Resolution at the Pepperdine
University School of Law (Calif.). Ms. Choo is a member of the
Community Advisory Council to the Los Angeles (Calif.) chief of police
and was appointed to serve as an adviser to the Los Angeles City Human
Relations Commission. She does extensive volunteer work with the
International Visitors Council of Los Angeles. She has a bachelor of
science degree in social psychology from the University of California,
Los Angeles (UCLA), and earned a certificate in management
development for entrepreneurs from the Anderson School at UCLA. She
is also a graduate of the City Focus Public Affairs Programs of the Coro
Foundation.

KEITH G. CHVAL is an assistant attorney general for the state of
Illinois. He serves as the supervisor of Illinois Attorney General Jim
Ryan's Internet Criminal Activity Unit, which targets Internet-based
exploitation of children. Mr. Chval also serves as the attorney general's
legal liaison to the National Association of Attorneys General for
computer crime. He previously served as an assistant state's attorney in
the Criminal Division of the DuPage County (Ill.) State's Attorney's
office where he served as a prosecutor in misdemeanor, juvenile, and
felony courtrooms. He is a graduate of the Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago-Kent School of Law.

ROCH O. CLAPP is the director of the Boise County (Idaho) Community
Justice Department. He previously served the county as a juvenile
probation officer. Prior to his employment in Boise County, he served in
Nez Perce County (Idaho) as assistant to the tribal court administrator,
misdemeanor probation officer, jury commissioner, and court
administrative officer. He has a bachelor of arts degree in political
science from the University of Idaho.

PETER CLAVELLE has served as mayor of Burlington, Vermont, since
1989. He previously served in numerous city management and public
service positions in Vermont, including town manager of Castleton, city
manager of Winooski, and personnel director of Burlington, and as
Burlington's first director of community and economic development. In
1993, he founded Burlington Associates, a consulting firm specializing in
community development and planning for municipal and state
governments and nonprofit organizations. His consulting work has taken
him to Brazil, the Gaza Strip, and Grenada, where he worked and lived
for one year. His experience led to his appointment to the board of
directors of the Vermont-based Institute for Sustainable Communities,
which promotes environmental protection and participatory
decisionmaking in Central and Eastern Europe. Mayor Clavelle received
a bachelor's degree in urban studies from St. Anselm College (N.H.) and
a master's degree in public administration from Syracuse University
(N.Y.).

SAM COCHRAN is a 24-year, career law enforcement officer with the
Memphis (Tenn.) Police Department, where he is the coordinator of the
Critical Incident Services Hostage Negotiation Team and Crisis
Intervention Team. He serves on numerous boards of directors and
committees that focus on community issues pertaining to mental health,
jail diversion, and homelessness. He has a bachelor of science degree in
criminal justice and a master of science degree in political science, with a
minor in criminal justice, from the University of Southern Mississippi.

LEE COLWELL, Ph.D., is a professor of criminal justice, and the
director of the Criminal Justice Institute and the National Center for Rural
Law Enforcement, which are divisions of the University of Arkansas. He
retired from the Federal Bureau of Investigation, where he served as
associate director. He also served as a senior policy adviser on criminal
justice to the governor of Arkansas. He serves as an adjunct professor at
the University of Virginia and the University of Southern California. Dr.
Colwell is chairman of the National Youth Gang Center Advisory Board
and serves on the Executive Panel of the U.S. Department of Justice,
National Institute of Justice Technology and Policy Assessment
Committee. He has a bachelor of science degree from Little Rock
University (Ark.), a master of public administration degree, and a doctor
of philosophy degree in public administration from the University of
Southern California. 

FOSTER COOK is an assistant professor and the director of the
substance abuse programs in the Department of Psychiatry at the
University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). He is currently principal
investigator for the Office of National Drug Control Policy/U.S.
Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice (NIJ) Breaking the
Cycle project, the NIJ Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring project, and the
U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs Drug Court
initiative, as well as other projects. He is immediate past president of the
Alabama Association of Community Corrections, director of Birmingham
Treatment Alternatives to Street Crimes (TASC) and its past president,
and serves on the board of directors of National TASC and the Office of
National Association Drug Control Professionals. Mr. Cook received his
bachelor of arts degree and master of arts degree from UAB. He is a
certified alcohol and drug abuse counselor.

GREGORY M. COOPER serves as chief of police of the Provo (Utah)
Police Department and as chairman of the Utah Criminal Tracking and
Analysis Project (UTAP). Prior to this position, Mr. Cooper was
employed by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, serving in various
investigative and supervisory positions. Before joining the FBI, he served
as chief of police in Delta (Utah) and as a police officer in Provo. He
coauthored the Crime Classification Manual, a landmark book on
homicide, arson, and sexual assault. Mr. Cooper has consulted
internationally with law enforcement agencies on more than 1,000 cases.
He is an expert witness in crime scene analysis. He has provided expert
testimony that linked multiple homicides in separate jurisdictions by
behavioral traits, contributing to the conviction of a serial killer. Mr.
Cooper also instructs at the Utah Police Academy and Utah Valley State
College and was an adjunct faculty member at Salt Lake Community
College (Utah) and the University of Virginia. He serves as chairman of
the board for the Utah County Major Crimes Task Force and is a board
member on the Utah Council on Victims and the Massachusetts State
Police Behavioral Science Unit. Additionally, he is the president of
Shield International, Inc., an international training, consultation, and
research company for law enforcement, public safety, and private
industry organizations.  

JAMES E. COPPLE is the executive deputy director for the National
Crime Prevention Council (NCPC). In this position Mr. Copple oversees
units represented by the Justice Programs and Community Action Team
and serves as one of the spokespersons for the organization. Prior to his
position with NCPC, Mr. Copple was the founding president and CEO of
the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America, a privately funded,
nonpartisan membership organization of 4,300 antidrug and violence-
prevention coalitions. Mr. Copple served as special assistant to the
superintendent of schools in Wichita (Kans.), where he also was the
founding director of Project Freedom, a local comprehensive coalition
addressing drug abuse and violence; the founding principal of the
Downtown Law, Public and Social Service Magnet High School; and
served on the Governor's Advisory Committee on Juvenile Crime. Mr.
Copple formerly served on the Advisory Committee for the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental
Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
and the National Advisory Committee for the Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation. Currently, he is secretary of the board of directors of the
Treatment Advisory Center. Mr. Copple has a bachelor of arts degree in
history from Eastern Nazarene College (Mass.) and a master of divinity
degree from Nazarene Theological Seminary (Mo.) and has done further
graduate work at Boston College (Mass.) and Johns Hopkins University
(Md.). Mr. Copple is currently on leave from the doctor of philosophy
program in the history and philosophy of education at the University of
Kansas. 

RONALD P. CORBETT is second deputy commissioner of the
Massachusetts Probation Department. He has worked in corrections for
25 years as a probation officer, an assistant chief, a regional director, and
a director of training and development. He is past president of the
National Association of Probation Executives.

FERNANDO CUBILLAS has been general manager for Olmos
Productions, Inc., since 1989. He previously worked for the
Entertainment Department of Universal Studios Tours and in production
for the Universal Studios Television Department. He received a bachelor
of science degree in business from California State University at
Fullerton.

CRAIG CUSSIMANIO is manager of Web site development for the
Justice Research and Statistics Association (JRSA). In this role, Mr.
Cussimanio manages the content and development of the association's
Web site (www.jrsa.org). His latest project involves managing the
development of the new BJA evaluation Web site
(www.bja.evaluationwebsite.org), designed to provide state
administrative agency staff, criminal justice planners, researchers, and
evaluators, as well as local practitioners, with a variety of resources for
evaluating criminal justice programs.

LINDA DAHLBERG, Ph.D., is a senior behavioral scientist at the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and
Control, Division of Violence Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia. Before
joining the CDC in 1990, she held a faculty appointment at Emory
University (Ala.). Dr. Dahlberg has worked in the past several years in
the area of adolescent health, addressing such problems as interpersonal
violence among youth and sexually transmitted diseases, including
HIV/AIDS. Currently, Dr. Dahlberg conducts research on interpersonal
violence among youth and is a technical consultant on a number of youth
violence prevention projects across the United States. Dr. Dahlberg
received a master of arts degree and a doctor of philosophy degree in
sociology from Indiana University-Bloomington.

JAMES L. DANFORTH has served as the chief of police on the Oneida
Reservation in Wisconsin for 13 years. In addition to overseeing police
personnel, he is responsible for gaming security and observation
personnel. Previously he served as a sheriff's deputy for Outgamie
County for 11 years. Chief Danforth sits on numerous committees and
organizations, including the Great Lakes Native American Law
Enforcement, Wisconsin Chiefs of Police Association, National Sheriff's
Association-Indian Affairs, and Wisconsin Attorney General's Children
In-need Task Force. Chief Danforth is a graduate of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation's National Academy, and is actively pursuing a degree in
criminal justice administration while attending numerous conferences and
seminars. 

MARI ANN DANIELS is the director of the Baltimore City (Md.)
Department of Juvenile Justice. Ms. Daniel is responsible for the overall
administration of delinquency programs in the city. Ms. Daniel has
previous experience as an assistant area director, a program director in
two of Maryland's institutions, and a probation officer. She is the current
chair of the Maryland Female Population Task Force and vice-chair of
the National Girls' Caucus. Ms. Daniel received a bachelor of science
degree from Coppin State College (Md.) and a master of science degree
from the University of Baltimore (Md.).

PRESTON A. DANIELS is mayor of Des Moines (Iowa). He also works
for Employee and Family Resources, Inc. (EFR), where he is the director
of community and court services for the National Council on
Alcoholism/The Iowa Plan. He also served as a central assessment
counselor, a family counselor, director of a Treatment Alternatives to
Street Crimes program, a correctional officer/counselor, a probation
officer, and a youth shelter counselor. Mayor Daniels received his
bachelor of arts degree in psychology and a master of science degree in
health science and counseling from Drake University (Iowa).

BEVERLY WATTS-DAVIS is a national trainer in community
mobilization, resource development, and forming effective partnerships
and collaboratives to address systemic problems. Ms. Davis is the current
executive director of San Antonio (Tex.) Fighting Back and past
statewide coordinator for Texans' War on Drugs. San Antonio Fighting
Back is a comprehensive prevention and relapse prevention intervention,
treatment, community empowerment, and community improvement
program that addresses substance abuse, crime, and violence. Ms. Davis
also provided community mobilization services to rural, high-risk, and
ethnic minority communities.

M. BETH DAVIS is executive director of the Mississippi Public
Defender's Commission. She served as the public defender for the city of
Jackson (Miss.) for 13 years and as deputy chief public defender for
Hinds County (Miss.) for 6.5 years. She is a past president of the
Mississippi Public Defender Association and currently serves on its board
of directors. She has been chosen to participate in the National Defender
Leadership Project by the Vera Institute of Justice in New York as a
trainer for public defenders throughout the nation. She recently attended
the National Judicial College and the National Chief Defender
Roundtable and has been selected to participate in the Executive Session
on Indigent Defense Systems at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy
School of Government (Mass.). She is a graduate of Mississippi State
University and the University of Mississippi School of Law. 

RAYMOND DAW serves as executive director of two rural programs--
Northwest New Mexico Fighting, whose mission is to reduce the
demands for alcohol and drugs through community mobilization, public
information, and technical assistance, and Na'nizhoozhi Center, Inc.
(NCI), whose mission is to reduce public intoxication and related
problems. NCI is a model, 150-bed program with protective custody,
social detoxication, Native-American treatment, and shelter components.
Both programs have contributed significantly toward a 48-percent drop in
public intoxication and the formation of youth programs.

ALICE W. DERY became assistant chief in the U.S. Department of
Justice Criminal Division Asset Forfeiture Office, now the Asset
Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section, in 1994. Since joining the
Department of Justice in 1986, she has worked as a special assistant U.S.
attorney and as the Law Enforcement Coordinating Committee/Victim-
Witness Coordinator for the Middle District of Georgia, an attorney-
advisor in the Financial Litigation Unit in the Executive Office for U.S.
Attorneys, and a special counsel in the Asset Forfeiture Office. She
graduated from Mercer University (Ga.) in 1983 and was a 1986 graduate
of the Mercer University Law School. 

DREW DIAMOND is a senior associate at the Police Executive Research
Forum (PERF), where he has directed several community policing
projects. During 1995, he carried out a 9-month assignment as director of
the Community Policing Consortium project funded by the U.S.
Department of Justice, which provides community policing training and
technical assistance nationwide. He worked in Bosnia during summer
1996, providing technical assistance to the International Police Task
Force. Prior to joining PERF, he served in the Tulsa (Okla.) Police
Department for 22 years. He was chief of the department from October
1987 to November 1991. He also was an agent in the U.S. Army Criminal
Investigations Command and an employee of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation (FBI). He is a graduate of Northeastern Oklahoma State
University and the FBI's National Academy and National Executive
Institute.

WALTER DICKEY has been a member of the faculty of the University
of Wisconsin-Madison Law School since 1976 and is currently the
Evjue-Bascom Professor of Law. He is the faculty director of the
Remington Center for Research, Education and Service in Criminal
Justice, which gives law students the opportunity to provide service,
perform research, and gain experience in criminal justice. He was the
secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Corrections from 1983 to 1987
and, in an earlier leave of absence from the law school, drafted the
administrative rules for the department. He chaired the Wisconsin
Judicial Council when it modernized the law pertaining to homicide and
is the author of two books and numerous articles on criminal justice
issues and professional responsibility. He has been a member of the
American Law Institute since 1989 and chaired the Wisconsin Governor's
Task Force on Sentencing and Corrections. He has worked extensively
with the Campaign for an Effective Crime Policy in Washington.

MARY D. DORMAN started her private law practice in New York City
in 1975. Her first-amendment advocacy has resulted in her work on
behalf of various artists, galleries, alternative art venues, and collectors.
Much of her practice consists of age, gender, and race discrimination
cases, reflecting her commitment to equality in the workplace. Ms.
Dorman holds an appointment as a special master of the Supreme Court
of New York. She currently serves on the advisory board of the Midtown
Community Court in New York City.

JEREL A. EAGLIN is director of youth crime prevention for the National
Crime Prevention Council and program director for the National Youth
Network, an organization dedicated to strengthening the voice of young
people. He is the author of numerous publications.

GEORGE EPP is serving his third term as sheriff of Boulder County
(Colo.). Sheriff Epp has worked in the Boulder County sheriff's office in
numerous capacities since 1972. He is chairman of the Colorado Drug
Control and System Improvement Board, president of the board of
directors of the Boulder Shelter for the Homeless, and a member of the
board of directors of the County Sheriffs of Colorado, the Boulder
County Community Corrections Board, and the National Criminal Justice
Association. Sheriff Epp has a bachelor's degree in sociology from the
University of Colorado in Boulder. 

JOSEPH R. FARMER is the program manager of the Drug Control &
System Improvement component of the Byrne Formula Grant program
administered by the Arizona Criminal Justice Commission. He has held
this position since his retirement following 32 years of service as a police
captain with the city of Phoenix (Ariz.) Police Department. Capt. Farmer
commanded the Phoenix Police Drug Enforcement Bureau and the
Communications Bureau during its transition to the 911 emergency call
system, and administered the department's police academy and advanced
training sections. He also served as a patrol supervisor, homicide
investigator, and field officer. 

MICHAEL J. FARRELL is deputy commissioner for policy and planning
for the New York City Police Department, where he is in charge of the
department's crime statistics, grant programs, system of orders and
directives, crime strategies, resource allocation plans, and performance
measurement indicators. He has also served the department as director of
special projects, assistant commissioner in the Office of the First Deputy
Commissioner, and deputy commissioner for policy development. Mr.
Farrell also served on the director's staff of the U.S. Department of Justice
National Institute of Justice and as a presidential management intern. He
has a bachelor of arts degree and a master's degree in public
administration from New York University. He attended the program for
senior executives in state and local government at Harvard University's
Kennedy School of Government (Mass.).

RAYMOND C. FISHER has served as associate attorney general of the
United States since November 1997. As the third-ranking official of the
U.S. Department of Justice, he oversees the work of the Civil, Civil
Rights, Antitrust, Tax, and Environment & Natural Resources Divisions,
the Office of Justice Programs, and the Office of Community Oriented
Policing Services. Mr. Fisher, a business trial lawyer, was the founding
partner of the Los Angeles office of Heller, Ehrman, White & McAuliffe.
He served as a law clerk to Justice William J. Brennan, Jr., at the U.S.
Supreme Court and, the year prior, to Judge J. Skelly Wright of the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Prior to joining
Heller Ehrman in March 1988, he practiced with the firm of Tuttle &
Taylor. Mr. Fisher is a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers
and the American Bar Foundation. He is the past chair of the Lawyer
Representative Coordinating Committee of the Ninth Circuit Judicial
Conference and was a member of the Executive Board of the Federal Bar
Association for the Central District of California. He served as president
of the five-member Los Angeles (Calif.) Police Commission and was
deputy general counsel for the Independent Commission on the Los
Angeles Police Department ("Christopher Commission") in 1991. He has
also been a member and is a past president of the board of directors of the
Constitutional Rights Foundation and served on the board of directors of
the Brennan Center for Justice and the Legal Aid Foundation of Los
Angeles. He was a member of the Los Angeles City Civil Service
Commission, and served as commission president from 1987 to 1988. In
1975 he was special assistant to the governor of California. He received a
bachelor of arts degree from the University of California at Santa Barbara
and a bachelor of law degree from Stanford Law School (Calif.). 

GLENN M. FLOTHE, a lifelong Alaskan, retired from the Alaska
Troopers in July 1998 after 24 years. During the 10 years he worked
throughout Alaska as a homicide and violent crimes investigator, Mr.
Flothe was responsible for solving the first bombing of the Trans-Alaska
Pipeline and for bringing to justice a serial murderer responsible for
kidnaping and murdering 19 Alaskan women. While serving as
commander of the Alaska State Troopers Criminal Investigation Bureau,
Mr. Flothe brought online Alaska's Violent Criminal Apprehension
Program and National Center for Missing and Exploited Children's
programs and assisted in writing legislation establishing Alaska's
mandatory statewide Uniform Homicide Reporting System. Mr. Flothe
currently is employed as the director of security for Doyon Universal and
volunteers his time teaching at the Alaska Department of Public Safety
Training Academy and assisting the Native American Rights Fund. He
has a bachelor of arts degree in organizational management from Alaska
Pacific University and is a graduate of the Federal Bureau of
Investigation's National Academy.

EDWARD A. FLYNN is chief of police of Arlington County (Va.). He
began his career in 1971 with the Jersey City (N.J.) Police Department,
where he served as a patrol officer, sergeant, lieutenant, captain, and
inspector. He also has served as chief of police in Braintree,
Massachusetts, and reform chief in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He is a
member of the National Community Oriented Policing Resource Board, a
peer review consultant at the U.S. Department of Justice, National
Institute of Justice (NIJ), and a consultant and instructor for the
International Association of Chiefs of Police. He has a bachelor of arts
degree from LaSalle University (Pa.) and a master of arts degree in
criminal justice from John Jay College of Criminal Justice (N.Y.). He is a
graduate of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Academy and
was an NIJ Pickett Fellow at Harvard University Kennedy School of
Government's program for local government executives.

RITA ALIESE FRYE was reappointed to a second 6-year term as the
Cook County (Ill.) public defender in June 1998. In this capacity, she is
the chief executive of the Office of the Cook County Public Defender.
Her duties and responsibilities include designating liaisons to all county
and court agencies involved in the administration and funding of the
office; serving as ex-officio member of all office committees and as
director of all internal office operations; and monitoring all activities of
the office, including all requests for expenditures, budgets, and allocation
of resources. She has an associate of arts degree from Prairie State
College (Ill.), a bachelor of arts degree from Loyola University (Ill.), and
a Juris Doctor from Northwestern University College of Law (Ill.).

DENNIS GABRIEL is a substance abuse counselor for Tulane
University's (La.) Project Return, which he joined after 15 years of
incarceration. He also has worked as a stevedore, a supervisor with
marine and offshore catering companies, and a recreational supervisor for
the New Orleans (La.) Recreation Department and served in the U.S. Air
Force, where he specialized in aircraft mechanics.

FRANCES GALLEGOS is a Santa Fe, New Mexico, municipal court
judge, having been elected to a 4-year term in 1996. In this capacity, she
adjudicates DWI/criminal cases, domestic violence and shoplifting cases,
as well as traffic/parking offenses. In her short tenure, she has initiated
and implemented a number of innovative programs at the court that
promote alternative sentencing. Prior to her election, Judge Gallegos
served as ombudsman for the New Mexico Lt. Governor's Office, urban
initiative coordinator for the Santa Fe Community Partnership for
Substance Abuse Prevention, and National Guard broadcast journalist on
the "War on Drugs" project. She also served as a U.S. Air Force staff
sergeant during the Vietnam War, and was a member of the National
Guard in the Persian Gulf War. In 1993, Judge Gallegos was appointed to
the Santa Fe DWI Task Force and to the New Mexico Legislative DWI
Oversight Task Force. 

FRED W. GARCIA is the chief programs officer for Washington state's
alcohol and drug authority. In this position, he leads a large staff in
developing, implementing, and evaluating policies and programs
concerning the prevention and treatment of alcohol and other drug
problems. Prior to arriving in Washington state, Mr. Garcia was a senior
presidential appointee with the Clinton administration. From 1993 to
1996 he was the deputy director for demand reduction within the White
House Office of National Drug Control Policy. Accomplishments during
this tenure included building a partnership between the national
pharmaceutical industry and Federal Government to fight drugs and to
establish a National Prevention League--a coalition of drug prevention
organizations. After leaving the White House in 1996, Mr. Garcia joined
the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, where he
served as a senior advisor to the assistant attorney general. His
responsibilities included leading community-based initiative efforts,
coordinating the Safe Kids/Safe Streets program, and building bridges
between the national criminal justice system and the nation's substance
abuse systems.

LUIS GARCIA, Ph.D., is a professor of sociology at Suffolk University
(Mass.) and chief criminologist for the Boston Police Department's Office
of Research and Evaluation. He has designed and managed extensive
research projects on criminal justice and social issues, including
community policing, hate crimes, Boston's citizen police academy, fear of
crime, violence against police officers, and prostitution. He has conducted
collaborative projects with various universities, the Massachusetts
Supreme Judicial Court, the National Institute of Justice, the Bureau of
Justice Assistance, and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He is one of
the leading practitioner-researchers in the criminal justice field, and has
developed the Boston Police Department's capacity for conducting
empirical research on over a dozen topics during the past 4 years. He is
currently developing further research on community policing, restorative
justice, and race and class issues in crime and justice.

HENRY L. GARDNER is managing partner of Gardner, Underwood, and
Bacon, a municipal management consulting firm he established in 1995.
He previously served as senior vice president of Donaldson, Luftkin &
Jennette Securities Corporation and city manager of Oakland, California,
where he began his career as an assistant personnel analyst in 1971. He
serves on numerous boards of directors and is past president of the
National Forum for Black Public Administrations. He has a bachelor of
arts degree in political science and speech from the University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign and a master of arts degree in government from
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.

BRADLEY GEHRING has been a member of the Outgamie County
(Wis.) Sheriff's Department since 1983, serving as both a patrol officer
and an investigator. Since his election in 1991, Sheriff Gehring has been
involved in many statewide criminal justice issues. He served as president
of the Badger State Sheriffs Association in 1996. He currently serves on
the Wisconsin Governor's Commission on Law Enforcement and Crime
and was recently appointed to the Criminal Penalties Study Committee.
He has served on several boards of directors and committees in Outgamie
County. He is currently the chair of the Outgamie County Drinking
Diversion Program. Sheriff Gehring received a degree in criminal justice
from Mount Senario College (Wis.). 

MARTHA GILLAND has served as director of the Georgia Criminal
Justice Coordinating Council (CJCC) since 1996. The state agency is
responsible for administering many of the U.S. Department of Justice,
Office of Justice Programs grants within the state. Prior to her
appointment to the CJCC, she was special assistant for 15 years providing
law enforcement liaison during Zell Miller's tenure as Georgia's
lieutenant governor and governor. Ms. Gilland serves as a board member
on the state's Commission on Family Violence and the Georgia D.A.R.E.
[registered trademark] Board. She attended Georgia State University.

NANCY E. GIST is the director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance
(BJA). Ms. Gist is the first presidentially appointed director of BJA, and
she is responsible for administering the Justice Department's only grant
agency authorized to support all components of the criminal justice
system. Formerly, Ms. Gist served for 10 years as deputy chief counsel of
the Massachusetts Committee for Public Counsel Services. Prior to that,
Ms. Gist was the director of Midwest Legal Services and assistant
director of the United Auto Workers Legal Services Plan. In 1992, Ms.
Gist participated as foreign expert at a conference in Johannesburg, South
Africa, on the establishment of a constitutional right to counsel in the new
South Africa. Ms. Gist received a bachelor of arts degree in economics
from Wellesley College (Mass.) and a Juris Doctor from Yale Law
School (Conn.).

JOHN S. GOLDKAMP is a professor of criminal justice at Temple
University (Pa.) and the president of the Crime and Justice Research
Institute. Dr. Goldkamp's research has focused generally on criminal
courts and more recently on criminal justice and treatment. He helped
develop, implement, and evaluate pretrial release guidelines in the
Philadelphia (Pa.) courts in response to jail crowding and completed a
study examining pretrial release supervision in a series of full
experiments. Dr. Goldkamp published an evaluation of the Miami,
Florida, Drug Court funded by the State Justice Institute and the U.S.
Department of Justice National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and recently
completed an NIJ-funded experimental evaluation of Miami's Domestic
Violence Court as it focused on the role of substance abuse in domestic
violence. He has written about the drug court movement, served as a
faculty member in drug court training programs, and is the evaluator
member of the drug court planning team in Philadelphia. Dr. Goldkamp is
principal investigator of NIJ's Drug Court Evaluation I and leads an
evaluation of the Philadelphia Commission on Crime and Delinquency.
He also serves as the evaluator of Philadelphia's criminal justice
treatment network for female offenders.

JAMES GREEN is the deputy director of program and staff development
for the Court Support Services Division of the Connecticut Judicial
Branch. He previously served as a consultant to the Office of Alternative
Sanctions of the Connecticut Judicial Branch and director of
programming for the Connecticut Prison Association. He also has served
as a consultant to several states in the area of community-based strategies
to overcome prison crowding.

SAUL A. GREEN is the U.S. attorney for the Eastern District of
Michigan. He is a fellow of the Michigan State Bar Foundation and the
American Bar Association Foundation and a member of the Attorney
General's Advisory Committee and chair of its Violent/Organized Crime
Subcommittee. He has a bachelor of arts degree in prelegal studies and a
Juris Doctor from the University of Michigan.

REUBEN M. GREENBERG has served as chief of police of the
Charleston (S.C.) Police Department since April 1982. He previously
served as the undersheriff of the San Francisco County (Calif.) Sheriff's
Department, a major with the Savannah (Ga.) Police Department, chief of
police with the Opa-Locka (Fla.) Police Department, chief deputy sheriff
of Orange County (Fla.) Sheriff's Department, director of public safety of
Mobile (Ala.), and a deputy director of the Florida Department of Law
Enforcement. He also was an assistant professor at California State
University at Hayward, taught political science at the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, and taught criminal justice at Florida
International University. He is the immediate past president of the South
Carolina Law Enforcement Officers' Association and a board member of
the South Carolina Commission on Racial Relations, the South Carolina
Crime Victims Compensation Board, and the South Carolina Sentencing
Commission. He received a bachelor of arts degree from San Francisco
State University (Calif.) and master's degrees in public administration and
city planning from the University of California, Berkeley. He is a
graduate of the U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of
Investigation's National Academy. 

ELLEN HALBERT is the director of the Victim Witness Division at the
District Attorney's Office in Travis County, Texas. In addition, she is the
editor of Crime Victims Report, a national publication. In 1991, she was
appointed as the first victim to serve on the Texas Board of Criminal
Justice, the board that oversees the adult criminal justice system in Texas:
prisons, probation, parole supervision, and the new state jail division.
This 6-year appointment ended in March 1997. Ms. Halbert has testified
as an authority on victims' needs and services before Congress, appeared
on national television, and participated in national forums and
conferences on the rights and roles of victims in the criminal justice
system.

GUY J. HARGREAVES is a supervisory special agent with the U.S.
Department of Justice U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and
is currently assigned to DEA headquarters as the staff coordinator for the
methamphetamine program--Operation Velocity. Special Agent
Hargreaves also served as the program manager for the DEA Clandestine
Laboratory Training Facility. Special Agent Hargreaves has executed
numerous raids on drug laboratories in the United States. He conducted
law enforcement training in more than 20 foreign countries while
assigned to the DEA Offfice of International Training. Prior to joining
DEA, he served as a Dallas, Texas, police officer and Central Intelligence
Agency special agent.

TRENTON HARGROVE has been chief deputy attorney general of the
Civil Rights Enforcement Section of the Pennsylvania Office of the
Attorney General since July 1992. In addition to prosecuting violations of
Pennsylvania's civil rights laws, the Civil Rights Enforcement Section
participates in various education and training programs with municipal
governments and community groups. Mr. Hargrove chaired the
Pennsylvania Attorney General's Youth Violence Task Force, and served
as an instructor for the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center's
program for the investigation and prosecution of hate crimes. Mr.
Hargrove is one of the original members of the Affirmative Civil Rights
Litigation Working Group of the National Association of Attorneys
General (NAAG), and has served as an adviser to the Pennsylvania
Governor's Alliance for Law Enforcement and Community Relations to
develop recommendations on the law enforcement response to
community tension. He is the current chair of the Pennsylvania Attorney
General's Arson Task Force and the Internet Civil Rights Subcommittee
of NAAG Mr. Hargrove is also a member of the attorney general's Hate
Crimes Working Group on state and local law enforcement training. Mr.
Hargrove is a graduate of Bucknell University (Pa.) and the Dickinson
School of Law (Pa.).

DANIEL A. HARO is director of community relations for Olmos
Productions, Inc., and producer of It Ain't Love. He received a bachelor
of arts degree in history/Latin American studies from Boston University
(Mass.) and a Juris Doctor from Antioch School of Law (D.C.).

M. KAY HARRIS is an associate professor and chair of the Department
of Criminal Justice, as well as an affiliated professor of women's studies
at Temple University (Pa.). She currently is working on two major
projects. One is a policy review of BJA's formula grant program under
the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement
Assistance Program. The other involves assisting in implementation of
the city of Philadelphia's comprehensive alternatives-to-incarceration
plan. Before joining the Temple faculty in 1981, Professor Harris served
as director of the Washington office of the National Council on Crime
and Delinquency. Earlier she held positions with the American Bar
Association, the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee, and, within
the U.S. Department of Justice, the Office of the Attorney General, the
National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, and the
Bureau of Prisons. She also served as assistant director of the National
Advisory Commission on Criminal Justice Standards and Goals.

D. ALAN HENRY is the executive director of the Pretrial Service
Resource Center (PSRC), a position he has held since 1984. PSRC is the
national clearinghouse for information about pretrial issues--programs,
research, and legislation--established with Justice Department funding in
1976. Mr. Henry is a nationally known expert on pretrial and jail-related
issues and has testified on these issues before numerous state legislative
bodies and congressional committees and the Standards Committee of the
American Bar Association. Mr. Henry has written extensively about
pretrial issues and has provided technical assistance to state, local, and
federal officials involved in pretrial release, supervision, diversion, and
drug testing court procedures in the criminal and juvenile justice systems.

SUSAN HERMAN is executive director of the National Center for
Victims of Crime, which works with more than 10,000 grassroots
organizations forging a national commitment to help victims of crime
rebuild their lives. Ms. Herman previously served as director of
community services at the Enterprise Foundation, which provides
technical assistance to cities, nonprofit organizations, and community
development corporations in community planning, supportive housing,
workforce development, and community safety; director of New York
City's Domestic Violence Division of Victim Services; special counsel to
the New York City police commissioner; director of mediation services at
the Institute for Mediation and Conflict Resolution; an attorney for the
NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund; and an instructor at New York
University's School of Law and Wagner Graduate School of Public
Service. She has an undergraduate degree from Bryn Mawr University
(Pa.) and a Juris Doctor from Antioch School of Law (D.C.).

STEPHEN L. HILL, Jr., became U.S. attorney for the Western District of
Missouri in December 1993. His office has targeted illegal drug dealing,
particularly methamphetamine. Mr. Hill has made public awareness a key
part of the antimethamphetamine effort and has held over 175 public
meetings on the subject.

TOM HINZ is serving his second term as sheriff of Brown County
(Wis.). He previously served in the Green Bay (Wis.) Police Department
as a patrol officer, detective sergeant, detective lieutenant, detective
captain, chief deputy of detectives, and assistant chief. He is president of
the board of directors of the Family Violence Center in Brown County
and an executive board member of the Brown County Drug Alliance. He
is an original member of the committee that puts together the annual
Multi-Jurisdictional Conference in northeastern Wisconsin. The purpose
of the conference is to improve the relationships between tribal law
enforcement and other law enforcement agencies in the area.

GARY HINZMAN is director of the Sixth Judicial District's community
correctional agency in Cedar Rapids, Minnesota. He previously served as
director of a police academy and as a police chief, served on and chaired
several statewide task forces and boards of directors, and taught at local
colleges. In 1992, he founded the Community Corrections Improvement
Association. He has a master's degree in public administration.

ERIC M. HOLDER has served as deputy attorney general since July
1997. In this capacity, he is responsible for the day-to-day operation of
the U.S. Department of Justice and is the highest ranking
African-American in law enforcement in the history of the United States.
He previously served as U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia, as an
associate judge of the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, and in
the Public Integrity Section of the Justice Department. He has a bachelor
of arts degree in American History and a Juris Doctor from Columbia
University (N.Y.).

JERIJEAN HOUCHINS is a gubernatorial appointee to the Texas
Planning Council for Developmental Disabilities. She has more than 30
years of experience in human services, disability issues, criminal justice,
mental health/mental retardation, rehabilitation law, public relations,
training/education, governmental affairs, leadership/administration,
counseling, and public service. Ms. Houchins has a bachelor of arts
degree in psychology from the University of Texas at Tyler and a master
of education degree in counseling/rehabilitation from Stephen F. Austin
State University (Tex.). She is a licensed professional counselor.

M. PATRICIA HOVEN is vice president of social responsibility for
Honeywell, Inc. She also served at Honeywell as vice president of
community and local government affairs. In that position she was
responsible for the Honeywell Foundation, of which she remains
president. She first joined Honeywell as a manager of policy and program
development for the company's Corporate and Community Responsibility
Department. Ms. Hoven has been a board member of the University of
Minnesota YMCA, the Metro YWCA, Minnesota Early Learning Design,
Courage Center, Cricket Theater, Minneapolis Downtown Council,
Minneapolis Initiative Against Racism Leadership Board, and the
National Retiree Volunteer Coalition and has chaired the Minneapolis
Chamber Business Action Resource Council. She currently serves on the
Minnesota Meeting Steering Committee and the Minnesota Women's
Economic Roundtable and is a member of the Conference Board
Contributions Council, the United Way of America's Corporate
Associates Committee, and the Center for Corporate Community
Relations at Boston College (Mass.) 

HENRY IZUMIZAKI is the executive director of Eureka Bay Area, a
part of the national Eureka Communities organization, which develops
nonprofit leaders through a 2-year fellowship program. Building on his
early experiences as a migrant farm worker, streetworker, and community
organizer, Mr. Izumizaki served as a program executive of the San
Francisco Foundation; trustee and chief financial officer of the California
Consumer Protection Foundation; chief strategist of the Urban Strategies
Council of Oakland, California, one of four chief technical advisors for
HOPE VI--a U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
initiative; assistant superintendent of the Oakland Unified School
District; and the highest ranking staff civilian in the San Francisco
(Calif.) Police Department. He directed the Oakland Metropolitan Forum,
which links the University of California at Berkeley resources with
community needs. He is a member of the National Funders Collaboration
on Empowerment Zones and the National Advisory Board for the Pew
Civic Entrepreneur Initiative and served as part-time director of special
initiatives for the East Bay Community Foundation.

KEVIN M. JACKSON is a senior program manager and corrections
leader for the U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice,
Office of Science and Technology. He served earlier as acting director of
NIJ's Technology Assessment Division, which is responsible for NIJ's
National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers. Prior to
coming to NIJ, he spent 5 years at the U.S. Department of Justice,
National Institute of Corrections (NIC); at the Training Academy in
Colorado; and later at the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration's as technology project director in Washington, D.C. He
served in both adult and juvenile corrections in New Mexico and held
various positions, including deputy secretary of the Youth Authority and
state director of probation and parole. Currently, he is serving as
chairman of the American Probation and Parole Association's
Technology Committee and serves on the national "Drug
Detection Working Group." He is a graduate of West Point (N.Y.) and the
Army Command and General Staff College.

TRUDY JACKSON is a member of Healthy Families Idaho and was
asked to be part of the group's Steering Committee for Community
Justice. She owns and operates Trudy's Kitchen, a family-style restaurant
that is a large employer in the Idaho City (Idaho) area. She is a current
member of the Idaho City Community Club and Historical Foundation. 

ANN L. JACOBS is the executive director of the Women's Prison
Association, which focuses on programs for both incarcerated women and
ex-offenders with an emphasis on providing clients with a graduated
structure, a continuum of care, opportunities to participate in the design
and delivery of their own service plans, and opportunities to contribute to
the community. Ms. Jacobs previously served in former New York
Mayors Koch's and Dinkins' administrations as deputy director of the
Office of Program Planning for the deputy mayor for public safety and
assistant director of the Mayor's Office of Operations; as project director
for the National Institute for Dispute Resolution; as training director of
the National Pretrial Services Resource Center; and as director of
research and evaluation at the national office of Cities in Schools. Ms.
Jacobs has a degree from the University of Maryland.

WERIS JAMA is a program specialist for Project Outreach to New
Americans at the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC). The
project was established in 1993 by NCPC in partnership with the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Refugee
Resettlement and BJA. The purpose of the project is to assist U.S.
communities in building collaborative relationships between law
enforcement and refugees to prevent and reduce crime and victimization.
Ms. Jama, a refugee from Somalia, fluently speaks three languages; she
has lived in Somalia, Egypt, Turkey, Kenya, and the United Arab
Emirates. Besides working on her bachelor's degree, she has been
volunteering with agencies, such as Lutheran Social Services,
Community Refugee Ecumenical Outreach, and Virginia Family
Services, and providing outreach and assistance to the Somali
communities in Northern Virginia.

SUZANNE H. JAMES is the court administrator for Maryland's Seventh
Judicial Circuit. She previously has held positions with the District of
Columbia Courts and the U.S. Department of Justice, Law Enforcement
Assistance Administration. She is president of the National Association
for Court Management and was founding president of the Mid-Atlantic
Association for Court Management. She received a master of arts degree
in criminal justice administration from the State University of New York
at Albany and is a graduate fellow of the Institute for Court Management.

VICTOR JAMMERS is head of the Crime Prevention Group of the
Dutch Department of Justice. He is secretary of the Dutch Platform on
Crime Control and from 1993 to 1996 was a member of the Commercial
Robbery Task Force. 

JANIE L. JEFFERS serves as deputy executive director of the White
House-DC Interagency Task Force. The Task Force was created to serve
the dual purpose of advising the president on the District's affairs and to
coordinate delivery of technical and other forms of assistance to the
District of Columbia. She previously served as senior policy adviser to
Vice President Al Gore at the President's Crime Prevention Council and
was responsible for developing strategies and policy options for program
integration of prevention programs created by the 1994 Crime Act. Ms.
Jeffers has worked for the U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of
Prisons, Community Corrections and Detention Division, serving as
branch chief for the National Office of Citizen Participation and deputy
commissioner in the New York City Department of Corrections. During
her tenure with New York City, she worked at the U.S. Department of
Justice, National Institute of Corrections (NIC) in Colorado through an
intergovernmental loan. While working at the Jail Center in Boulder
(Colo.), she provided technical assistance to more than 300 counties in 10
states in the areas of management, policy, and planning and training. Ms.
Jeffers has been a consultant to the United Nations World Health
Organization on the management of HIV/AIDS in jails and prisons in
Europe and Africa. She has authored numerous articles and has numerous
media credits. She served as a field instructor at the Columbia University
School of Social Work (N.Y.) and as adjunct professor at Baruch College
(N.Y.), taught at the NIC Academy in Colorado, and is currently a field
instructor at the Howard University School of Social Work (D.C.). Ms.
Jeffers was chair of the D.C. Reclaim Our Youth Initiative and served on
the board of the National Reclaim Our Youth Initiative. She received
graduate and undergraduate degrees from Howard University. 

PATRICIA COATS JESSAMY is the first woman to serve as Baltimore
City (Md.) state's attorney, a position she has held since February 1995.
Ms. Jessamy began her legal career in Maryland as an assistant state's
attorney in the Office of the State's Attorney for Baltimore City. She
served as chief of the Economic Crimes Unit and deputy state's attorney
for administration. Ms. Jessamy is the secretary of the board of the
National District Attorneys Association, treasurer of the Maryland State's
Attorneys Association, and a member of the board of the American
Prosecutor's Research Institute. She is on the executive committee of the
Baltimore-Washington High Intensity Drug Trafficking Area and the
Vehicle Theft Prevention Council. 

CLAIRE JOHNSON is the special adviser to the director for the D.C.
Initiative at the U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice
(NIJ). NIJ's D.C. Initiative is an effort by the Federal Government to
assist the nation's capital as it undergoes major justice reform and
significant functions and operations are transferred to the Federal
Government. Prior to joining NIJ, she was director of governmental
relations and senior researcher at the National Council on Crime and
Delinquency (NCCD). While at NCCD, Ms. Johnson directed projects to
validate the D.C. youth risk assessment instrument, the national boot
camp evaluation, the national correctional options program, Weed and
Seed case studies, a study of minority overrepresentation in the (D.C.)
juvenile justice system, and an assessment of the District's Youth
Services Administration. From 1987 to 1993, and again in 1996 and
1997, she served as project director for the Study of Crime and Justice
Trends in the District of Columbia for the Washington, D.C.,
government. She also served as project director for two studies of
homicide in the District of Columbia and as codirector for the Drug
Abuse Research Program for the District.  

MICHAEL P. JUDGE is the chief public defender for the County of Los
Angeles, California, with responsibility for 40 offices with more than 600
lawyers. He is a trustee of the Los Angeles County Bar Association, is a
member of the Los Angeles Superior Court Bench/Bar Coalition, has
served on the Executive Board of the National Association of Drug Court
Professionals, is on the Executive Board of the Criminal Courts
Professionals, is the vice chairperson of the Los Angeles Drug Court
Oversight Committee, and is an officer of the California Public Defender
Association.

CANDICE M. KANE, Ph.D., has served as the acting director of the
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority since December 1996.
She is also the associate director of the Authority's Federal and State
Grants Unit. In that role Dr. Kane is responsible for 10 federal- and state-
supported grant programs in the areas of law enforcement, corrections,
victim services, violence against women, and motor vehicle theft
prevention. Dr. Kane is also the coprincipal investigator of a national
evaluation of a model gang prevention, intervention, and supervision
project funded by the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention and of a second evaluation of the
Cook Country (Ill.) state's attorney's Victim-Witness Program funded by
the U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice. Dr. Kane's
previous work includes positions with public and private agencies at the
local and state levels. She holds a doctor of philosophy degree from
Northwestern University (Ill.) and a Juris Doctor from Northern Illinois
University. 

JOHN KAYE has been the Monmouth County (N.J.) prosecutor since
1983. Mr. Kaye is a member of the U.S. Department of Justice Executive
Working Committee and a member of the board of directors of the
National College of District Attorneys, the American Prosecutors
Research Institute, and the International Association of Prosecutors. He
was president of the National District Attorneys Association (NDAA) in
1996 and chairman of NDAA's board of directors in 1997. Mr. Kaye
holds a bachelor of arts degree from the University of Scranton (Pa.) and
a Juris Doctor from the Dickinson School of Law (Pa.).

JAMES CRAIG KEENER is a program manager for the Criminal Justice
Planning Agency of the American Samoa Government. Mr. Keener
previously served as a law enforcement officer in California. He has a
bachelor's degree in sociology and criminal justice from California State
University and is currently doing his graduate work at Oregon State
University in anthropology.

GEORGE KEISER has been chief of the Community Corrections
Division at the U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of
Corrections (NIC) for the past 16 years. For 15 years prior to joining
NIC, Mr. Keiser worked in a variety of assignments for the Iowa
Department of Corrections ranging from correctional officer to institution
superintendent. Mr. Keiser is one of the authors of the Iowa Community
Corrections Act. 

MICHAEL E. KELLY is assistant to Phoenix (Ariz.) Mayor Skip
Rimsza, specializing in economic development and community
organization and development. Mr. Kelly is an expert in behavioral health
services with more than 20 years of experience in training and education,
community organization, and development and productivity. Mr. Kelly
holds a master of arts in teaching and a bachelor of arts in sociology from
the University of Pittsburgh (Pa.).

THERESA KELLY is the director of special projects for the National
Crime Prevention Council (NCPC), a nonprofit organization dedicated to
enabling people to act individually and together to build safer, more
caring communities. She manages planning support and other technical
assistance for nearly 30 municipalities, including large cities,
metropolitan areas, and smaller communities. Specifically, Ms. Kelly
works closely with the 16-site BJA-funded Comprehensive Communities
Program (CCP) in Freeport, Illinois, and Dubuque, Iowa, among others.
Recently, Ms. Kelly developed a BJA technical assistance program to
support development of communitywide crime prevention strategies in
seven small cities. Through workshops, onsite consultation, and
conferences, she currently presents and coordinates municipal assistance
on comprehensive crime prevention and control planning and training of
local government and community leaders; develops best practices
documents in local and community crime prevention; develops crime
prevention resource centers for localities; and produces newsletters
chronicling local innovation. In addition, she serves as a liaison for the
development of partnerships with national membership organizations that
represent municipal and community crime prevention interests. She has
contributed to numerous NCPC publications. Formerly a consultant to
NCPC on youth violence prevention, she was a lobbyist for a state
environmental regulatory agency and the coordinator of international
exchange programs for a nonprofit organization. Ms. Kelly has a bachelor
of arts degree in political science and history from Drew University
(N.J.), where she was a Drew Scholar, and a master of arts degree from
Rutgers University (N.J.), where she was a fellow of the Eagleton
Institute of Politics. 

CATHY KENDALL is the grants planning bureau chief for the Montana
Board of Crime Control, where she oversees a bureau staff responsible
for monitoring and oversight of 13 block grants programs. She is
responsible for planning and development of the multiyear drug strategy
submitted to BJA and has been involved in that process since 1989. Ms.
Kendall began her tenure with the state of Montana in 1972 serving with
the Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services initially as a social
services worker and advancing in 1978 to administrative positions within
the public assistance and medical assistance divisions. She transferred to
the Montana Board of Crime Control in 1985, a move that initiated
extensive involvement in state and local public safety issues. Ms. Kendall
is a graduate of the University of Montana.

MIKE KING is the director of the Criminal Justice Support Unit of the
Utah Attorney General's Office. A 20-year police veteran, Lt. King
started his career with the Pleasant View (Utah) Police Department in
1979. Lt. King also worked for the Ogden City (Utah) Police Department,
where he served in patrol, motors, SWAT, and detective capacities, and
the Weber County (Utah) District Attorney's Office, where he was the
administrative officer and investigator. While at Weber County, Lt. King
was the lead agent in the Zion Society Ritual Child Sex Abuse case. In
1993, Lt. King was hired by the Utah attorney general to conduct an
indepth study on ritual crime in Utah. Lt. King has a bachelor of arts
degree in criminal justice from Weber State University (Utah).

ROBERT A. KIRCHNER is the senior adviser for evaluation at BJA,
where he has served since January 1989. Dr. Kirchner also held positions
with the Executive Office of the President, the U.S. Departments of the
Interior and Transportation, and the General Accounting Office. He
served as a director of research and taught at various universities and
colleges prior to government service. 

LARI K. KOGA is the administrator of the Crime Prevention and Justice
Assistance Division of the Hawaii Department of the Attorney General.
She has been with the division since 1989. She previously worked as a
social worker with delinquent girls, research director on juvenile justice,
and juvenile justice specialist. Ms. Koga has master's degrees in social
work and public administration.

YVONNE KORN is director of National Crime Prevention (formerly
known as the National Campaign Against Violence and Crime) for the
Commonwealth Attorney-General's Department, Australia. National
Crime Prevention is in the process of implementing a high-profile
strategic program to reduce crime and violence across Australia in
cooperation with state and territory colleagues. Ms. Korn held a senior
position for 6 years with Crime Concern UK. In the late 1980s, she
worked for the London, England, Borough of Southwark, developing and
implementing its groundbreaking community safety strategy. 

EDWARD J. KRUEGER is chair of the Fox Valley Technical College's
(Wis.) Criminal Justice Department. Mr. Krueger serves as a special
consultant to the Wisconsin Department of Justice's Training and
Standards Bureau regarding civil disturbance issues, crime prevention,
and recruit officer training. He also serves as a consultant to the
Wisconsin Department of Licensing and Regulation pertaining to the
regulation of private security agencies. As president of E.J. Krueger and
Associates, Inc., he provides security and crime reduction consulting
services. Mr. Krueger received a master of arts degree in education
administration from Loras College (Iowa) and a bachelor of science
degree in business administration and economics from the University of
Wisconsin, Platteville. 

DAPHNE KWOK has served as executive director of the Organization of
Chinese Americans (OCA) since September 1990. She has been an active
member of OCA since 1985, serving as president of the Northern
Virginia chapter for 2 years and as an officer and board member for 5
years. She is currently an executive board member of the Congressional
Asian Pacific American Caucus Institute and has served as a board
member of the Organization of Pan Asian American Women and an
alumni-elected trustee of Wesleyan University (Conn.). Ms. Kwok
received a bachelor of arts degree in East Asian studies and music from
Wesleyan University and a master's degree in public administration from
Baruch City College of New York. 

JULIUS LANG has been the Coordinator of the Midtown Community
Court, an experimental branch of the New York criminal court in
Manhattan's Times Square neighborhood, since October 1996. The court
handles misdemeanor arrests in Manhattan's Times Square, Chelsea, and
Clinton neighborhoods, and its mission is to respond constructively to
"quality-of-life" crime and work to prevent crime before it occurs. As
Midtown's coordinator, he worked with the New York City Police
Department to launch Street Outreach Services, its joint homeless
outreach program, and also recently launched Times Square Ink, the
court's job training program. Prior to joining the court, he was chief of
staff to New York City's Commissioner of Housing Preservation and
Development. A graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the
Villanova University of Law, Mr. Lang also spent several years as an
associate at the law firm of Shearman & Sterling.

KATHERINE N. LAPP serves as New York state's director of criminal
justice and commissioner of the Division of Criminal Justice Services. In
these capacities, Ms. Lapp is the governor's chief adviser and
policymaker on criminal justice matters and is responsible for developing
and promoting the state's criminal justice agenda. Ms. Lapp is also
responsible for coordinating all of the state's executive criminal justice
agencies. She previously served as the criminal justice coordinator for the
city of New York, as chief of staff and counsel to the New York City
deputy mayor for public safety, and in the Appellate Division of the New
York state Supreme Court for the presiding justice. Ms. Lapp received a
bachelor of arts degree in history from Fairfield University (Conn.) and a
Juris Doctor from Hofstra University (N.Y.).

ALTA LASH is the executive director of United Connecticut Action for
Neighborhoods, a position she has held since 1978. Recently she was
named the director of the Trinity Center for Neighborhoods at Trinity
College (Conn.). She teaches courses in community organizing at both
the University of Connecticut School of Social Work and Trinity College.
Ms. Lash was one of the principal designers of the Comprehensive
Communities Partnership program in Hartford (Conn.).

MICHAEL LAWLOR is serving his seventh term as a member of the
Connecticut House of Representatives. He represents the 99th district,
which comprises East Haven and the Short Beach area of Branford. Rep.
Lawlor has been recognized for his work in reforming Connecticut's
criminal justice system, including alternative forms of punishment, drug
policy, juvenile justice reform, victims' rights, sexual offender
registration, and reducing racial disparities in the corrections system. In
1998, 1994, and 1993, Rep. Lawlor led successful attempts to increase
gun control in Connecticut.

ERIC LEE is deputy director for the Center for Court Innovation--a
public/private partnership that develops national models for adjudicating
quality-of-life, domestic violence, and drug crimes. Mr. Lee directs the
center's national technical assistance programs and oversees technology
development. Prior to joining the Center, Mr. Lee served as the director
of operations at the Midtown Community Court in New York City. He
led the development of the award-winning computer system at the
Midtown Community Court and, most recently, of the innovative systems
at the Brooklyn (N.Y.) Treatment Court and Domestic Violence Court.
Mr. Lee has also held positions in community and economic development
in New York and Los Angeles, California. He is a graduate of Vassar
College (N.Y.) and the Graduate School of Public Policy and Social
Research at the University of California, Los Angeles. 

PATRICK A. LEE is chief judge of the Oglala Sioux Tribal Court in Pine
Ridge, South Dakota. He previously served as vice president of
instruction at Oglala Lakota College (S.D.) and has taught both college
and high school students. He received a bachelor of science degree in
education from Black Hills State University (S.D.) and a Juris Doctor
from Arizona State University.

SUNNY LEE is the program coordinator for the Tools for Tolerance for
Law Enforcement Professionals Program at the Simon Wiesenthal Center
Museum of Tolerance. Ms. Lee is responsible for coordinating programs
for more than 20,000 members of law enforcement from the recruit- to
command-level staff. Her responsibilities include organizing workshops
on hate crimes, valuing diversity, and ethical decisionmaking. She has
been conducting workshops on ethical decisionmaking for hundreds of
police officers from more than 25 agencies throughout California. She
also works closely with the National Conference on Community and
Justice to present a facilitator training program for law enforcement
personnel. Ms. Lee has a bachelor of arts degree in history from the
University of San Diego and has been trained as a facilitator by the
National Conference through the "Facilitating In A Diverse Environment"
program. 

GINGER LERNER-WREN is the presiding criminal court and
administrative judge for the Broward County (Fla.) Mental Health Court,
which was established to better address the complex needs of the
mentally ill in the criminal justice system. She previously directed the
county's Office of the Public Guardian. She oversaw, on behalf of the
Advocacy Center for Persons with Disabilities, implementation by the
state of Florida of a stipulated settlement agreement affecting the South
Florida State Hospital. Also on behalf of the center, she investigated and
drafted a legislative report on a fire at a Broward County assisted living
facility, which killed six people. Judge Lerner-Wren has a bachelor of arts
degree in politics and public affairs from the University of Miami (Fla.)
and a Juris Doctor from Nova Southeastern University in Fort Lauderdale
(Fla.).

WILMA A. LEWIS has served as U.S. attorney for the District of
Columbia since 1998. Ms. Lewis began her legal career with the
Washington, D.C., law firm of Steptoe & Johnson in 1981. In 1986, she
joined the Civil Division of the U.S. attorney's office in Washington,
D.C., as an assistant U.S. attorney. During her tenure with that office she
attained the position of deputy chief of the Civil Division. In 1993, Ms.
Lewis joined the Office of the Solicitor of the U.S. Department of the
Interior as the associate solicitor for the Division of General Law. She
served as associate solicitor until her confirmation as inspector general
for the Department of the Interior in 1995. Ms. Lewis has a bachelor of
arts degree with distinction from Swarthmore College (Pa.) and a Juris
Doctor from Harvard Law School (Mass.). 

TOM (T.J.) LEYDEN, a former neo-Nazi skinhead, is with the Simon
Wiesenthal Center's National Task Force Against Hate. As a leading
recruiter, organizer, and propagandist for the white supremacist and neo-
Nazi movements, Leyden spent more than half of his 30 years promoting
hate, bigotry, and racism. He now speaks for the Wiesenthal Center to
thousands of students, teachers, at-risk teens, youth groups, universities
and colleges, military professionals, and law enforcement officials
throughout the United States. He has spoken to U.S. Department of
Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Pentagon officials of his
experiences in the movement and the methods of recruiting youth people
into hate groups. Leyden was also a featured speaker at the White House
Conference on Hate Crimes in Washington, D.C.

WAUNETTA LONEWOLF is an Oglala-Lakota from the Pine Ridge
Indian Reservation who has been working with all types of street gangs,
including Native-American gangs, since 1989. She believes the
foundation for encouraging youth to trade their street "family" for
traditional family is spirituality, reclaiming a sense of identity, and
self-pride. She is currently working on a book about Native-American
youth gangs, their lives, and poetry and a film documentary, with
proceeds going to a youth camp in South Dakota for Indian gang
members.

MARY LOPEZ is the director of SafeFutures, a consortium of
collaborative groups in the Omaha (Nebr.), metropolitan area.
SafeFutures' mission is to create an environment for youth that is free of
violence and negative influence. Ms. Lopez has coordinated the planning
of communitywide initiatives related to drug prevention, truancy
reduction, and school safety. She has held leadership positions in public
housing and welfare reform at the local, state, and national levels. Her
professional background also includes work in education and mental
health. Ms. Lopez is a staff member in the Department of Public
Administration at the University of Nebraska at Omaha. She has a
bachelor's degree in education and a master's degree in special education
and public administration. 

SCOTT LYONS is the chief of police of Duluth, Minnesota. Chief Lyons
serves in a variety of capacities in both public and private partnerships
within his community and is also involved in several state organizations.
He is a board member of the Minnesota Chiefs of Police Association;
vice chair of the Minnesota Gang Strike Force; and chair of the Narcotics
Enforcement Coordinating Committee, which is responsible for all the
Edward Byrne Grant Drug Task Force funds in Minnesota. Chief Lyons
is involved in many community activities and serves as an assistant high
school football coach. 

DENNIS MALONEY is the director of the Deschutes County (Ore.)
Department of Community Justice. There he initiated a variety of juvenile
and adult corrections programs that have gained national attention. Mr.
Maloney has written numerous books and articles. The book he wrote on
juvenile probation is the most widely distributed textbook in the history
of the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges. 

GEORGE P. MARCH is the chief county detective of the Chester County
(Pa.) District Attorney's office. He recently retired as deputy
commissioner of the Pennsylvania State Police. He continues to serve as
the chairman of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Justice Network
(JNET) Steering Committee, the governance body directing
implementation of Pennsylvania's criminal justice-integration effort, and
previously served as a member of the Pennsylvania Governor's Office of
Information Technology Leadership Group and the Pennsylvania
Commission on Crime and Delinquency Technology Automation
Advisory Committee.  

JIMENA MARTINEZ is the coordinator of technical assistance for the
Center for Court Innovation, where she spearheads the center's efforts to
promote dialogue about court-community collaborations and support
jurisdictions that are planning community courts. Ms. Martinez is
currently working with 20 cities that are actively planning community
courts. Ms. Martinez has 15 years of experience with education and
business organizations that provide technical assistance and consulting.
She has a bachelor of arts degree in economics from Barnard College,
Columbia University (N.Y.).

MARC MAUER, assistant director of the Sentencing Project, has
directed programs on criminal justice reform for 25 years. He has written
and lectured widely both in the United States and abroad on issues of
sentencing policy, racial disparity, and international comparisons in the
use of incarceration.

JUDITH WHITE McBRIDE is senior adviser to the assistant attorney
general for the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs,
where she currently focuses on issues related to mental health, school
violence, aftercare, and community building. Prior to coming to the
department, Ms. McBride served as deputy director for administration at
the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights under Law in its national office
in Washington, D.C., directing its Criminal Justice Standards Project
from 1995 to 1997, its Evaluation of Judicial Performance Project, and a
number of other projects over a 12-year period. Ms. McBride has worked
as a consultant to the National Center for State Courts on judicial
evaluation and to the University of Massachusetts at Amherst on
alternative dispute resolution. Ms. McBride has also served as a
legislative assistant at the (D.C.) City Council, as an assistant for
congressional and intergovernmental relations at the U.S. Department of
Housing and Urban Development, and with the House Select Committee
on Aging. Ms. McBride holds a bachelor of arts degree from Wellesley
College (Mass.), a master's degree in developmental psychology from
George Washington University (D.C.), and a Juris Doctor from
Georgetown University (D.C.).

MICHAEL S. McCAMPBELL currently directs Circle Solutions, Inc.'s,
Clandestine Laboratory Model Enforcement Program, which is funded by
BJA. This multiyear project involves developing guidelines and training
programs for states and localities that wish to implement coordinated
multiagency approaches to clandestine laboratory cleanup and law
enforcement. Mr. McCampbell also directed two other BJA-funded
clandestine laboratory cleanup and enforcement projects and is the
associate director for two training projects funded by the U.S. Department
of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. He has more
than 30 years of experience as a criminal justice expert, including a 23-
year career with the Arlington County (Va.) Police Department and 1
year as a visiting fellow at the U.S. Department of Justice National
Institute of Justice.

ANNE McDIARMID is a criminal justice consultant and manager of
program services for Dakota County (Minn.) Community Corrections.
For 4 years, she was employed under contract to the U.S. Department of
Justice, National Institute of Corrections (NIC), in Washington, D.C. She
has 27 years of experience in the correctional field as a probation officer,
lawyer, manager of a residential program for women offenders, planner,
correctional specialist, manager, and consultant. In her capacity as a
consultant, Ms. McDiarmid provides technical assistance and training to
other state, county, and private agencies on developing intermediate
sanctions for women offenders, a project she managed at NIC. In her
position with Dakota County, she assists in designing, developing, and
implementing restorative justice policies and practices for adult and
juvenile offenders. She received a bachelor's degree in psychology from
the University of Minnesota, a master's degree from St. Thomas College
(Minn.), and a Juris Doctor from William Mitchell College of Law
(Minn.)

JAMES J. McGIVNEY is deputy director for government relations at
D.A.R.E. [registered trademark] America. Prior to joining D.A.R.E.
[registered trademark] America, he spent 28 years as a special agent of
the U.S. Department of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA). In addition to his investigative and undercover assignments, Mr.
McGivney was active in the DEA's demand reduction efforts and
community programs. During his last 4 years at DEA, he served as chief
of public affairs. Mr. McGivney has been a contributor to several
prominent law enforcement journals and, in 1997, was the guest editor of
The Police Chief, the national magazine of the International Association
of Chiefs of Police. Mr. McGivney has had extensive experience in
training law enforcement officers throughout the country and has been a
guest instructor at the U.S. Attorney General's Advocacy Institute and the
University of Virginia's Curry School of Education. Mr. McGivney is a
veteran of the U.S. Army. He has a bachelor of science degree in
marketing from Northern Illinois University and a master's degree in
education from the University of Virginia.

STAN M. McKINNEY has been director of the Emergency Preparedness
Division of the South Carolina office of the Adjutant General since
February 1993. Previously, Mr. McKinney served for 6 years as the
director of the Division of Public Safety Programs in the South Carolina
governor's office, where he provided advice and support to the governor
and his executive staff on public safety issues and developed program and
legislative initiatives to improve various areas of the justice system as
well as highway safety and statewide emergency/disaster response and
recovery. He served as the 1997-1998 president of the National
Emergency Management Association (NEMA). Mr. McKinney holds a
bachelor of arts degree in political science/public administration and a
master of criminal justice degree from the University of South Carolina.

GARRY A. MENDEZ, JR., Ph.D., is currently the president of the
National Trust for the Development of African-American Men. He
founded the National Trust in response to the litany of problems faced by
African-Americans, especially males. The organization concentrates on
solving problems through the use of African and African-American
values. Prior to founding the trust, Dr. Mendez was a visiting fellow at
the U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, where he
worked on developing and evaluating a program that he designed titled,
"Crime Is Not a Part of Our Black Heritage." For 12 years he was director
for the administration of justice for the National Urban League. He also
worked as a drug counselor and a street worker in New York (N.Y.). Dr.
Mendez earned his doctorate at the University of Michigan.

ANDY MITCHELL is the deputy director of the U.S. Department of
Justice, Office of Justice Programs' Office for State and Local Domestic
Preparedness Support, which is responsible for developing training
programs for state and local first responders; administering a grant
program to provide specialized equipment to enhance the capacity of state
and local agencies to respond to nuclear, biological, explosive, and
chemical incidents; and providing specialized technical assistance to state
and local public safety agencies. He has held numerous positions at BJA,
including chief of the National Initiatives Branch, chief of the South
Branch in BJA's State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Division,
and senior policy analyst in the Policy Development and Management
Division. Prior to joining BJA, Mr. Mitchell served as business unit
manager for public safety and technology in the Government Services
Division of Aspen Systems Corporation, director of special projects for
the National Criminal Justice Association, and director of financial and
grants administration for the Georgia State Crime Commission. He
received a bachelor's degree in business administration from Georgia
Southern College.

CRANSTON J. MITCHELL has served as the chairman of the Missouri
Board of Probation and Parole since April 1986. Prior to Mr. Mitchell's
appointment to the board, he was regional supervisor of jobs for Missouri
Graduates, Inc. He has served at the management level in government for
several years, including while at the Department of Elementary and
Secondary Education, Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, and while a
police officer for the St. Louis (Mo.) Metropolitan Police Department. He
also worked in the private sector for the Mitchem-Thayer Corporation as
a marketing representative. Mr. Mitchell currently serves as a consultant
for the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Justice Programs and the
National Institute of Corrections. He is past president of the Association
of Paroling Authorities International and serves as board member for the
Missouri Victim Assistance Network. Mr. Mitchell serves as a member of
the Missouri Sentencing Commission. He served on the City of Jefferson
Housing Authority and previously served as a member of the Board of
Regents of St. Mary's Medical Center for 8 years, 4 years as its
vice-chair. Mr. Mitchell earned a bachelor's degree in political science
from the University of Missouri. As a Danforth fellow, he participated in
the State and Local Government for Senior Executives program at the
John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (Mass.). 

RICHARD MOORE has served as the administrator of the Iowa Division
of Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning since 1988. In this capacity, he
oversees research and evaluation projects, planning efforts, and grant
programs to support state agencies, the courts, the legislature, and local
officials as they develop and implement criminal justice and juvenile
justice system policies and initiatives. Mr. Moore has more than 25 years
of experience collecting, analyzing, and reporting crime and other justice
system data.

CHARLES A. MOOSE is chief of the Portland (Ore.) Bureau of Police,
where he has served in various capacities since 1975. He is a member of
the adjunct faculty of Portland State University (Ore.) and a major in the
Oregon Air National Guard. He serves on numerous boards of directors.
Chief Moose has a bachelor of arts degree in U.S. history from the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, a master of public
administration degree, and a Ph.D. in urban studies/criminology from
Portland State University. He is a graduate of the U.S. Department of
Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation National Academy and National
Executive Institute.

DENNIS MURPHY has practiced law in Washington, D.C. (where he
worked for the U.S. Department of Justice, the U.S. Attorney's Office,
and D.C. Law Students in Court); Tucson, Arizona (where he was a
private criminal defense attorney and public defender); and New York
City (where he was attorney-in-charge of the Legal Aid Society's
Criminal Defense Division and now handles death penalty trial litigation
for the statewide Capital Defender Office). He has taught, lectured, and
testified on mental health and law and other legal subjects in schools
(high schools, community colleges, universities, law schools, medical
schools, and business schools) and before legal groups and legislatures.
He has been a consultant to public defenders, organizations, and
communities experiencing difficulties in the funding and delivery of
quality legal representation to indigents. 

JAMES MUSTIN is president and founder of Family and Corrections
Network, a national, volunteer information clearinghouse that upholds the
value of families of offenders. He is the editor of the Directory of
Programs Serving Families of Adult Offenders and the chief editor and
publisher of FCN REPORT, the only national publication on families of
offenders. He recently organized the Fifth North American Conference on
the Family and Corrections in Bethesda (Md.). As Virginia coordinator
for Real Justice family group conferencing, he is helping four Virginia
communities bring together victims, offenders, and their families to
discuss harm and agree on ways to make amends. He is retired from the
Virginia Department of Corrections, where he worked as a family
counselor in the Virginia Beach Juvenile Court and a training supervisor
for offender treatment programs at the Academy for Staff Development.

DAVID F. MUSTO is professor of child psychiatry and the history of
medicine at the Yale University School of Medicine (Conn.), where he
has been on the faculty since 1969. He began his study of the history of
drugs in 1967 while a member of the U.S. Public Health Service. He is
the author of The American Disease: Origins of Narcotic Control (third
edition). Dr. Musto serves on the national advisory committee of the
Fighting Back program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and is a
charter fellow of the College on the Problems of Drug Dependence. Dr.
Musto is a graduate of the University of Washington School of Medicine
and completed his graduate work in history and residency in psychiatry at
Yale.

SCOTT C. NEWMAN has served as prosecuting attorney for Marion
County (Ind.) since January 1995. He has initiated new services for crime
victims, including the Center of Hope facilities at four area hospitals,
which address the emotional, medical, and legal needs of sexual assault
victims outside the hospital emergency room. He also created the Street-
Level Advocacy Program, which places full-time deputy prosecutors and
paralegals in neighborhood offices located in police district stations. Prior
to taking office, Mr. Newman served as an assistant U.S. attorney for the
Southern District of Indiana and as a deputy prosecutor in the Marion
County Prosecuting Attorney's office. He has an undergraduate degree
from Princeton University (N.J.) and a Juris Doctor from the University
of Michigan.

LEONARD NOISETTE is the director of the Neighborhood Defender
Service, a community-based public defender's office located in Harlem
(N.Y.), which has sought to broaden the role of public defenders. Mr.
Noisette has been a public defender of indigents for 15 years. He serves
on the board of directors of the New York State Defenders Association,
the New York State Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, and the
National Legal Aid and Defender Association. He is involved in a
number of volunteer activities with youth. Among them are serving as a
mentor for Legal Outreach, an educational and college preparatory
program for inner-city teens; a basketball coach and workshop instructor
for B.A.K.E. (Brothers Against Killing Each Other), a youth program in
the low-income neighborhood in which he grew up; and a
counselor/mentor with the Rites of Passage program sponsored by Allen
A.M.E. Church for seventh- and eighth-grade young men attending the
church's school.

ROSE OCHI has served as director of the U.S. Department of Justice's
Community Relations Service since June 1996. In this position, she has
served on the President's Initiative on Race Task Force, played a major
role in the Hate Crime Initiative, and mobilized a Church Burning Crisis
Response Team. Previously, she was the associate director of the White
House Office of National Drug Control Policy and served as the Los
Angeles City (Calif.) director of criminal justice planning. 

NANCY ODIERNO has served as the drug elimination coordinator for
the Menominee Tribal Housing Department for 2 years.

JEAN F. O'NEIL serves as the director of research and policy analysis
and editor-in-chief for the National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC).
Among her primary responsibilities is overseeing the design and
implementation of program evaluations of the agency's efforts. She
served for 15 years on the staff of a member of the U.S. House of
Representative in a variety of policy and constituent-service positions.
Prior to her present position with NCPC, she developed the world's first
computerized database of crime prevention programs for the agency. Ms.
O'Neil has authored and coauthored more than a dozen books and
monographs on topics ranging from community organizing to program
evaluation, including major national policy statements on crime
prevention. She has helped design evaluations for the National Citizens'
Crime Prevention Campaign; the Teens, Crime, and the Community
curriculum; Community Responses to Drug Abuse; Youth as Resources;
two major annual national conferences; and numerous other programs. A
graduate of Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service (D.C.),
Ms. O'Neil earned a master of public administration degree from Harvard
University's John F. Kennedy School of Government (Mass.). She has
earned more than half the credits needed for an associate of arts degree in
computer science. 

FRANK A. ORLANDO is the director of the Center for the Study of
Youth Policy at Nova Southeastern University, Shepard Broad Law
Center (Fla.). Judge Orlando provides technical assistance for the Annie
E. Casey Foundation's Juvenile Detention Alternative Initiative, which
assists states in reforming their juvenile justice agencies and programs.
Judge Orlando coordinated the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Broward
County (Fla.) Detention Initiative from 1988 to 1991. He directed the
Florida Detention Initiative from 1994 to 1998. Prior to assuming his
present position in 1988, he served as a Florida circuit court judge for 21
years. Judge Orlando holds a bachelor of science degree in education and
a Juris Doctor from the University of Florida.

RAE ANN PALMER is coordinator of special projects and community
programs in the Hartford (Conn.) city manager's office. In this position,
Ms. Palmer manages federal criminal justice grant funds; serves as the
project leader for the design and implementation of the city's community
court; coordinates the city's efforts to make city government have more of
a "community-oriented" focus; and manages the City Action Line, a
nonemergency citizen request/complaint telephone system.

MARIO PAPAROZZI is an assistant professor in the Law and Justice
Department at the College of New Jersey. He retired from the New Jersey
Department of Corrections in 1998 after a 26-year career. His highest
rank at the department was assistant commissioner. Dr. Paparozzi also
served as the deputy compact administrator for interstate inmate and
parole matters. He is president of the American Probation and Parole
Association. From 1992 to 1994, Dr. Paparozzi served as an elected
county legislator in Union County (N.J.). Dr. Paparozzi has conducted
numerous training seminars on corrections and public administration,
published numerous articles in scholarly and practitioner journals and
magazines, and appeared on many television and radio programs.

TYRONE C. PARKER serves on the staff of the court-appointed receiver
for the Washington, D.C. Housing Authority. He also is the president of
the Alliance of Concerned Men, of which he is a founding member. He
previously served as the assistant administrator for the D.C. Institution of
Behavior for Youth and an intake specialist with the D.C. Department of
Corrections. He is best known for his intervention in negotiating a truce
between the Avenue and Circle crew members at the Benning Terrace
Housing Development in Washington, D.C. He frequently speaks at
forums to eradicate violence, drugs, and gangs and makes media
appearances.

ELIZABETH A. PEARSON is a senior staff associate at the National
Criminal Justice Association (NCJA), where she is charged with
monitoring legislation and federal agency activities that impact state and
local systems of justice. In addition, she has served as primary author on
several NCJA publications. Prior to working at NCJA, Ms. Pearson
worked at the National Conference of State Legislatures in its Criminal
Justice Program. Ms. Pearson holds a bachelor of arts degree from the
University of Wisconsin-Madison and a master of public administration
degree from the University of Colorado.

SHEILA D. PETERS, Ph.D., is a licensed clinical psychologist
specializing in working with the vulnerable child and adolescent
population. She is an assistant professor of psychology at Fisk University
(Tenn.) and is a faculty collaborator with the National Consortium on
Violence Research (NCOVR). She is a partner at Green, Peters and
Associates, P.C., a clinical and consulting psychology firm in Nashville,
Tennessee. Dr. Peters serves as senior program manager for the Gender-
specific Programming for Girls Training and Technical Assistance
Initiative funded through the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. She has served as a staff
psychologist in a secure juvenile justice facility. She is a past member
and vice-chair of the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth and
the Tennessee State Advisory Group (SAG). She is chair of the
Metropolitan Nashville/Davidson County Human Relations Commission
and a member of the board of directors of United Way of Middle
Tennessee, Tennessee Voices for Children, Murci Homes, and the
Alcohol and Drug Council. Dr. Peters has a bachelor of arts degree with
honors in psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill and a master of science degree and doctor of clinical psychology
degree from Vanderbilt University (Tenn.).

JUDITH N. PHELAN has served as staff assistant to Portland (Ore.)
District Attorney Michael D. Schrunk since 1984. In addition to
providing management consulting and training, her prior experience
includes serving as manager of programs and community services for
Multnomah County's (Ore.) Department of Corrections, director of
Portland's Comprehensive Employment and Training Act program, and
coordinator of Portland's youth service centers. She has authored several
reviews and articles. Ms. Phelan received a master's degree in social work
from Portland State University.

RICK PHILLIPS is the executive director of Community Matters, a
nonprofit organization that provides training, materials, and technical
assistance to schools and communities in the areas of strengthening and
sustaining community partnerships; involving youth in service through
service learning, peer help, and mediation; providing violence and
substance abuse prevention education; and increasing organizational
effectiveness. He is the past president and a current board member of
Youth Service California and the California Association of Peer
Programs.

CARMEN PENA RIVERA is the executive director of the Puerto Rico
Correctional Administration's Bureau of Evaluation and Assessment. She
has worked on the development of treatment and rehabilitation programs
for inmates convicted of violent crimes, including the establishment of
the Learning to Live Without Violence program and the first treatment
program in Puerto Rico for incarcerated sex offenders. She has conducted
a number of investigations, served as a psychologist and adjunct
professor at the Correctional Officers Academy, been an adviser on
mental health issues for the correctional system, participated in the
Multi-Agency Negotiation for Inmates Mental Health Plans and the
Inmates Classification Plan Task Force, and served as a consultant on the
boards of directors of several universities and government agencies. She
received her doctoral degree in clinical psychology with a
subspecialization in forensic psychology.

DAVID J. ROBERTS has served as deputy executive director of
SEARCH since 1987. Mr. Roberts provides technical assistance to justice
agencies throughout the nation, addressing such issues as automation
planning and integration of information systems. He directed SEARCH's
1999 Symposium on Integrated Justice Information Systems, 1997
Conference on Justice Agencies and the Internet, 1996 Symposium on
Integrated Criminal Justice Information Systems, and 1994 International
Symposium on Criminal Justice Information Systems and Technology. In
addition, Mr. Roberts presently serves as the director of a project to assist
the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs in developing
a comprehensive funding plan to support integrated justice information
systems at the local, state, and national levels and as director of a project
on National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) implementation
among law enforcement agencies. Mr. Roberts holds a bachelor of
science degree in law enforcement and criminology from Metropolitan
State College (Colo.); a master of arts degree from the School of Criminal
Justice, State University of New York at Albany; and a master of criminal
justice administration degree from Oklahoma City University. 

ROBERT E. ROBERTS is the executive director of Tulane University's
(La.) Project Return, a prison aftercare program that offers community-
building workshops; vocational counseling and job placement; addiction
treatment; training in conflict resolution, relationship skills, and
communication; and family and individual counseling. He also is a
clinical assistant professor at Tulane University's School of Public Health
and Tropical Medicine. In 1989, he was awarded a 3-year grant to
conduct literacy and community-building research at the Dixon
Correctional Institute, a medium-security state prison in Louisiana. He
makes frequent media appearances.

LAURIE O. ROBINSON has served as assistant attorney general since
September 1994. She heads the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of
Justice Programs, and oversees implementation of crime bill grant
programs on Violence Against Women, Corrections, and Drug Courts.
Prior to joining the Justice Department, Ms. Robinson served for 14 years
as director of the American Bar Association's (ABA's) Criminal Justice
Section, where she founded the ABA Juvenile Justice Center and was
instrumental in the decade-long effort to implement the ABA Criminal
Justice Standards. For 7 years, she also headed the ABA's Professional
Services Division in Washington, D.C. Ms. Robinson has served on a
number of national boards, including those for the National College of
District Attorneys, VALOR (the Victim Assistance Legal Organization),
the National Forum on Criminal Justice (of which she was chair from
1991-1993), and the Federal Sentencing Reporter. Ms. Robinson is a
graduate of Brown University (R.I.). 

JEANNE ROBISON is a senior assistant city prosecutor for Salt Lake
City, Utah, and has served as the city's Weed and Seed and
Comprehensive Communities Program coordinator. Ms. Robison is on
the board of trustees for the Multi-Cultural Legal Center and chairs its
Mediation Committee. Ms. Robison has a Juris Doctor from the
University of Utah College of Law.

MAUDE S. SAUNDERS serves as assistant director for resident services
for the Richmond (Va.) Redevelopment and Housing Authority. Her
responsibilities include delivery of case management, employment, job
training, and substance abuse intervention services to public housing
residents, management of all drug elimination grants applications, and
monitoring of contractual services.

MICHAEL SCAGNELLI is an assistant chief of police for the New York
(N.Y.) Police Department. He is currently the executive officer of the
Manhattan South patrol borough, which oversees 10 police precincts in
Manhattan. Since joining the department in 1970, Mr. Scagnelli has
performed patrol duties, was an undercover narcotics officer, was a
detective for 10 years, and commanded the 66th Precinct, the Motor
Transport Division, the 12th Division, the Traffic Control Division
(which includes Highway Patrol and the Mounted Unit), and the Transit
Division. He is currently president of the Honor Legion of the Fraternal
Organization of Police Heroes.

MICHAEL D. SCHRUNK has been the elected district attorney in
Multnomah County, Oregon, since 1981. Multnomah County
encompasses the largest metropolitan area in the state of Oregon and has
a population of 636,000. The Multnomah County District Attorney's
office has over 200 staff members, including 82 attorneys. Approximately
30,000 cases are reviewed annually, and close to 9,000 felonies and over
10,000 misdemeanor cases are issued each year. Mr. Schrunk is a
graduate of the University of Oregon Law School. He has extensive
experience in prosecution of criminal cases and, while in private practice,
represented plaintiffs and defendants in civil litigation and defended
criminal cases. He served as a Captain in the U.S. Marine Corps in
Vietnam and is past president of the Multnomah County Bar Association
and the Oregon District Attorney's Association. Mr. Schrunk currently
chairs the Regional Organized Crime Narcotics Task Force and is a
member of the Governor's Commission on Organized Crime and
Multnomah County's Public Safety Coordinating Council. Mr. Schrunk
has served as a lecturer for the National College of District Attorneys and
the Drug Enforcement Administration and has provided articles and
reviews for the Bureau of Justice Assistance and the National Institute of
Justice. Mr. Schrunk is the recipient of several national awards, including
the U.S. Department of Justice's Public Service Award for Community
Leadership.  

DOUGLAS F. SMITH is the director of the Arizona High Intensity Drug
Trafficking Area (HIDTA) Center. He previously served as deputy chief
of the Tucson (Ariz.) and Ann Arbor (Mich.) Police Departments and as
deputy chief of the Minneapolis (Minn.) Police Department. In all three
cities, he was responsible for community-based law enforcement
programs.

PATRICIA SMITH is the assistant director of the Comprehensive
Communities Program and the Baltimore City (Md.) Hotspot Initiative
Program administered by the Mayor's Coordinating Council on Criminal
Justice. Both programs are community-based crime prevention initiatives
that involve partnerships with the community, government agencies,
nonprofit organizations, and institutions. Ms. Smith has also worked with
the Maryland Department of Juvenile Justice, Youth and Adults, and
nonprofit organizations to develop and implement a youth tribunal in
southwest Baltimore. The youth tribunal incorporates the restorative
justice models of a youth court and the community conferencing model.
Ms. Smith also works with issues involving addiction through
community support for recovering addicts. 

RODNEY A. SPRAUVE is the project director for the Harlem (N.Y.)
Community Justice Center. Mr. Sprauve worked previously in the Metal
Fabricating Division of General Motors as a governmental affairs liaison
to the U.S. Department of Defense. He has extensive experience in the
public policy sector, including working as regional campaign coordinator
for former New York Governor Mario Cuomo and State Comptroller H.
Carl McCall's 1994 campaigns. Mr. Sprauve also headed the legal
defense fund for former U.S. Rep. Floyd H. Flake. Mr. Sprauve is a
graduate of Hampton University (Va.) and received his Juris Doctor from
the City University of New York School of Law.

RICHARD L. STALDER has served as secretary of the Louisiana
Department of Public Safety and Corrections since January 1992. He
began his career with the department in 1971 as a correctional officer and
has served as superintendent and warden of major juvenile and adult
facilities. In 1994, he was elected to a 6-year term on the Commission on
Accreditation for Corrections. Selected by the membership of the
American Correctional Association to serve as president, he began a 2-
year term in August 1998. He has a bachelor of arts degree and a master's
degree from Louisiana State University.

HENRY J. STEADMAN is president of Policy Research Associates, Inc.
Previously, Dr. Steadman ran a nationally known research bureau for 17
years for the New York State Office of Mental Health. His work has
resulted in 6 books, more than 100 journal articles in a wide range of
professional journals, 18 book chapters, and numerous reports. Among
Dr. Steadman's major current projects are: (1) the National GAINS
Center for Persons with Co-occurring Disorders in the Justice System; (2)
the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Violence Risk
Assessment Study; (3) the National Resource Center on Homelessness
and Mental Illness under contract to the U.S. Department of Health and
Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA), Center for Mental Health Services; and (4)
the Women and Violence Coordinating Center funded by SAMHSA. 

MARK C. THOMPSON is the director of administration for the New
Hampshire Department of Justice, where he is responsible for both the
fiscal and administrative management of the agency. He serves as the
state official responsible for U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice
Programs funding to the state. He also is the director of the Statistical
Analysis Center and the administrator for both the state's drug forfeiture
program and the multijurisdictional drug task force. Mr. Thompson
worked for the New Hampshire State Police before assuming his current
position in 1982. He has served on the National Criminal Justice
Association's Board of Directors and is the current first vice president. He
has a bachelor of arts degree in government and a master's degree in
public administration from Golden Gate University (Calif.).

JEREMY TRAVIS has served as director of the National Institute of
Justice (NIJ), the research arm of the U.S. Department of Justice, since
1994. Before joining NIJ, Mr. Travis was the deputy commissioner for
legal matters of the New York (N.Y.) Police Department. Mr. Travis has
also served as chief counsel to the Subcommittee of Criminal Justice of
the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary; a law
clerk to Judge Ruth Bader Ginsburg; a special adviser to former New
York City Mayor Edward Koch; the executive director of the New York
City Criminal Justice Agency; and the executive director of the
Victim/Witness Assistance Project for the Vera Institute of Justice. Mr.
Travis has lectured and taught courses about law, criminal justice, public
policy, and history at numerous institutions. Mr. Travis received a
bachelor's degree, with honors, in American Studies from Yale University
(Conn.), a master's degree in public administration from the New York
University Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, and a law degree,
cum laude, from the New York University School of Law.

R. LEWIS VASS currently serves as the criminal justice information
services officer for the Criminal Justice Information Services Division of
the Virginia Department of State Police. He is a representative on the
Federal Bureau of Investigation National Crime Information Center
(NCIC) Southern Region Working Group, the Virginia representative and
a member of the board of directors for SEARCH, and the agency
representative for the Agency Advisory Committee to the Virginia
Council on Information Management. He currently serves as a member of
the Brady Act Task Group on Functional Requirements for the National
Instant Check System for firearms purchases. He also serves as a
coordinator of legislative liaisons to the Virginia General Assembly for
the Department of State Police. Capt. Vass graduated from the Virginia
State Police Academy in 1967. He is a graduate of Northwestern
University Traffic Institute and received a bachelor's degree in the
administration of criminal justice from Virginia State University.

MARIA THERESA VIRAMONTES has been executive director of the
East Bay Public Safety Corridor Partnership in Oakland, California, since
April 1986. Prior to this she served as chief of staff for a former
California state assembly member. For 5 years she was a partner and
senior consultant in a private consulting business doing grant research,
writing, educational program development, service contract negotiation,
and fundraising. Her community involvement spans 30 years and
includes local, regional, and national work providing technical assistance,
fundraising, and development for community groups and nonprofits
working in low-income areas to build sustainable communities. She has
served on numerous nonprofit boards of directors serving the needs of
high-risk children and families and for the protection of regional parks
and open spaces. As a former state-appointed official, she served terms on
the Economic Development Commission of Zoning and Adjustment, the
Port/Waterfront Committee Board of Zoning and Adjustment, and the
Planning Commission in the city of Richmond, California. 

JOANN WALLACE has been director of the Public Defender Service for
the District of Columbia since 1994. Before becoming the director, she
was the deputy chief of the Appellate Division. She previously served the
agency as the coordinator of the Juvenile Services Program, which
provides advocacy for children incarcerated in the District of Columbia
detention facilities, and as a staff attorney. Ms. Wallace currently serves
on the board of directors of the National Legal Aid and Defender
Association (NLADA) and is the chair of the Defender Council. In 1995,
she chaired NLADA's Blue Ribbon Advisory Panel on Defender
Services. She has been a member of the American Bar Association's
Criminal Justice Standards Committee. In 1994, Ms. Wallace founded the
District of Columbia Appellate Practice Institute. She previously served
as chair and continues to serve as a lecturer for the District of Columbia
Criminal Trial Practice Institute. She is a member of the visiting faculty
for the Trial Advocacy Workshop at Harvard Law School (Mass.). She
received a Juris Doctor from New York University Law School.

IRWIN WALLER, Ph.D., is director general of the International Centre
for Prevention of Crime, which was created in 1994 to assist cities and
governments in reducing delinquency, violence, and insecurity by
harnessing experience and know-how internationally to solve local
problems. Dr. Waller is on leave from his post as professor of
criminology at the University of Ottawa (Canada) and is the immediate
past president of the World Society of Victimology and cochair of the
society's Symposium Victimology 2000, which is scheduled to take place
in Montreal, Canada, in August 2000. In the 1970s, he held the position
of director general in the Canadian Ministry responsible for policing and
prisons. He received a doctor of philosophy degree in law (criminology)
from the University of Cambridge (England).

NANCY M. WARE is the director of technical assistance and training for
the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Executive
Office for Weed and Seed. She previously served as the director of
national programs for BJA; the executive director of the Rainbow Push
Coalition and the Citizenship Education Fund; a cabinet member of
former Mayor Sharon Pratt Kelly's administration in Washington, D.C.,
and the executive director of the Mayor's Youth Initiatives Office; the
chief of emergency mental health services and outreach for children in the
District of Columbia; the director of the Paul Robeson Psychoeducational
School for emotionally disturbed children; and a clinical psychologist for
the (D.C.) Public Schools Special Education Department. She received
her graduate training in educational psychology at Howard University
(D.C.) and clinical psychology at American University (D.C.).

RANDY A. WEAVER is the manager of the National and Regional
Threat Assessment Program at the National Drug Intelligence Center in
Johnstown, Pennsylvania. In his current position, Mr. Weaver supervises
process development and publication of National and Regional Threat
Assessments, incorporating information from hundreds of agencies and
organizations at the federal, regional, state, and local levels. An authority
on methamphetamine and Mexican drug-trafficking organizations, Mr.
Weaver has spoken to diverse audiences at international, national,
regional, and state conferences and has authored and supervised
publication of intelligence studies on a wide variety of drug and crime
topics. He is a retired U.S. Army Intelligence officer, having served in
intelligence positions in the United States and abroad specializing in
intelligence support to unconventional operations. Mr. Weaver has a
bachelor of science degree in political science from the State University
at Albany and a master of science degree in strategic intelligence from the
Defense Intelligence College (Washington, D.C.). He is a graduate of the
Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Language Training Center-
Europe, and the National Interagency Counternarcotics Institute.

DAVID M. WERTHEIMER is services and systems integrations
administrator for the King County (Wash.) Department of Community
and Human Services. In this capacity, he is working to develop an
integrated human services continuum for King County, which crosses the
traditional boundaries of systems, including the mental health, substance
abuse, and criminal justice systems. Mr. Wertheimer is a member of the
adjunct faculty in the graduate program in psychology at Antioch
University (Wash.). He also maintains a small private clinical practice.
He is a graduate of Haverford College (Pa.), Yale University Divinity
School (Conn.), and the University of Connecticut School of Social
Work.

STEPHEN L. WESSLER is an assistant attorney general in the Maine
Department of the Attorney General, where he has served since 1976,
except for a 3-year period in private practice. In spring 1992, Mr. Wessler
was asked to design an enforcement program under the Maine Civil
Rights Act, a civil injunction type of hate crime law. The Civil Rights
Unit, established in summer 1992, has two key design features: first, it is
staffed by volunteer assistant attorneys general and, second, the
department asks every police department in the state to designate an
officer to be trained and certified by the department as a designated civil
rights officer. The Civil Rights Unit receives approximately 250
complaints each year, most of which are forwarded by local civil rights
officers, and brings 25 to 30 enforcement cases, which are handled by
volunteer assistant attorneys general, in state court. In fall 1996, Mr.
Wessler began a school harrassment prevention program known as the
Civil Rights Team Program. This coming fall, the program will involve
approximately 100 schools, each of which will establish a Civil Rights
Team consisting of students and faculty advisers. The teams strive to
address issues of bias-motivated harassment in their schools. The teams
are trained and supported by the department. Mr. Wessler graduated from
Harvard University (Mass.) with a bachelor of arts degree and received a
Juris Doctor from Boston University School of Law (Mass.).

NIGEL WHISKIN has been chief executive of Crime Concern since its
inception in 1988. He represents Crime Concern on the Board of the
International Centre for the Prevention of Crime and the Association of
Chief Police Officers' Sub-Committee for Crime Prevention. He is a
fellow of Loughborough University (Leicestershire, UK). He previously
worked with the National Association for the Care and Resettlement of
Offenders from 1972 to 1988, and helped set up the first victim support
scheme in the United Kingdom. Mr. Whiskin was a probation officer
from 1965 to 1972.

JANET K. WIIG is the associate director of the Institute on Criminal
Justice at the University of Minnesota Law School. From 1992 to 1998,
Ms. Wiig was an assistant Hennepin County (Minn.) attorney working on
special assignment to develop policies and programs in the areas of child
welfare and juvenile justice. There she directed a crime prevention
initiative based upon her research involving children under the age of 10
who have committed delinquent acts. From 1987 to 1992, she was
assistant commissioner and director of children's services with the
Minnesota Department of Human Services. From 1979 to 1987, she held
positions with the Los Angeles (Calif.) Superior Court overseeing policy
and program development; developing training workshops for judges,
lawyers, and social workers; and as founding director of the Child
Advocate's Office. In addition, she has been a consultant and has
presented at educational programs for several national and state
organizations on the subjects of child advocacy, juvenile justice, and
child welfare. Ms. Wiig has a master's degree in social work from the
University of Minnesota School of Social Work and a Juris Doctor from
Loyola Law School (Calif.).

B. DIANE WILLIAMS is president of the Safer Foundation, the nation's
largest private nonprofit provider of social services, education, and
employment training and placement services exclusively targeting
offenders and ex-offenders. She serves as an adjunct professor of
marketing at Aurora College (Ill.). Ms. Williams' association with Safer
began in the 1970s when she volunteered at the agency. She was elected
to the board of directors and in April 1995 she joined the agency's staff as
an "on-loan executive" from corporate America serving as vice president
for development and strategic initiatives. Prior to joining the Safer
Foundation, Ms. Williams had a 23-year career in telecommunications,
which began in 1972 at Ohio Bell Telephone Company; she then moved
to AT&T in 1981. In 1986, she joined Rockwell International where she
was director of sales support in its Communications Division. In 1991,
she became director of marketing in Ameritech's Enhanced Business
Services Unit. Ms. Williams earned a master's degree in business
administration from Northwestern University's Kellogg School of
Business (Ill.). 

NEIL R. WOODCOCK is the director of law enforcement support
services for the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public
Safety. He retired from the Air National Guard in 1994. During his
military career he served in various positions in the U.S. Air Force and
National Guard, including national guard liaison to BJA, deputy director
of plans and support in the office of the secretary of defense; reserve
component adviser to the U.S. Air Force chief of security police and
director of staff support in the Air Force Office of Security Police
headquarters; director of resource management for the 123d Tactical
Reconnaissance Wing; and base commander, Kentucky Air National
Guard. He has a degree from the University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill and a graduate degree from Webster University (Mo.).

SPEAKER CONTACT LIST

Hon. Gary L. Acevedo
Judge
Confederated Salishand Kootenai Tribal Court
P.O. Box 278
Pablo, MT 59855
(406) 675-2700
(406) 675-4704 (fax)
veritas44@yahoo.com

Mr. Jeff Allison
Acting Director
State and Local Assistance Division
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3661
(202) 307-3373 (fax)

Ms. Maria Almonte
Outreach Program 
Center for Court Innovation
314 West 54th Street
New York, NY 10019
(212) 373-8088
(212) 586-1144 (fax)

Ms. S. Camille Anthony
Executive Director
Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice
State Capitol, Room 101
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
(801) 538-1031
(801) 538-1024 (fax)
canthony@gov.state.ut.us

Ms. Carla Arranaga
Deputy in Charge
Hate Crimes Suppression Unit
Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office
320 West Temple, Room 780-40
Los Angeles, CA 90012
(213) 974-3798
(213) 626-2758 (fax)

Mr. Nick Athas
Producer
Olmos Productions, Inc.
30 Sand Street
Mill Wood, NY 10546
(914) 923-4772

Mr. Charles P. Austin, Sr.
Chief
Columbia Police Department
1409 Lincoln Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 733-8409
(803) 988-8004 (fax)

Ms. Clementine Barfield-Dye
President
Save Our Sons and Daughters
2441 West Grand Boulevard
Detroit, MI 48208
(313) 361-5200
(313) 361-0055 (fax)
SOSADB@aol.com

Mr. Gene Barnes
District Administrator
Department of Alcohol and Beverage Control
1350 Front Street, Room 5053
San Diego, CA 92101
(619) 525-4603
(619) 231-1171 (fax)

Joseph M. Beard
Detective
Sheriff's Office
Snohomish County
M/S 606
3000 Rockefeller Avenue
Everett, WA 98201
(425) 388-3324
(425) 388-3033 (fax)
joe.beard@co.snohomish.wa.us

Mr. Paul Belkin
Grant Program Specialist
State and Local Assistance Division
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 305-2102
(202) 305-2542 (fax)
belkinp@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. James R. Bell
Youth Law Center
114 Sansome Street, Suite 950
San Francisco, CA 94101
(415) 543-3379
(415) 956-9022 (fax)

Mr. Eric J. Bergstrom
Assistant District Attorney
Multnomah County
600 County Courthouse
1021 Southwest Fourth Avenue
Portland, OR 97204
(503) 823-5784
(503) 823-5840 (fax)
Eric.J.Bergstrom@co.multnomah.or.us

Hon. Shay Bilchik
Administrator
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
800 K Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-5911
(202) 307-2093 (fax)
bilchik@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Bethany Blakey
Crime Mapping Research Center
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 606-4531

Mr. Robert Bodisch, Sr.
Director
Texas Narcotics Control Program 
Criminal Justice Division 
Office of the Governor
P.O. Box 12428
Austin, TX 78711
(512) 463-1806
(512) 463-1705 (fax)
rbodisch@governor.state.tx.us

Mr. Robert Boruchowitz
Director
Public Defender Association
810 Third Avenue, Eighth Floor
Central Building
Seattle, WA 98104
(206) 447-3900 x 602
(206) 447-2349 (fax)

Mr. Joseph Brann
Director
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services
1100 Vermont Avenue NW., Suite 1000
Washington, DC 20530
(202) 616-2888
(202) 616-2914 (fax)

Ms. Barbara Broderick
State Director of Adult Probation
Supreme Court of Arizona
1501 West Washington, Suite 244
Phoenix, AZ 85007
(602) 542-9468
(602) 542-9673 (fax)
bbroderick@supreme.sp.state.az.us

Mr. Robert Brown
Senior Advisor on Prevention
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3297
(202) 305-1367 (fax)
bobb@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. Simon Brown
Lieutenant
Alaska State Troopers
4600 50th Street
Anchorage, AK 99502
(907) 248-1410
(907) 248-9834 (fax)

Mr. Thomas C. Brown
President
Summit Quest Consulting
Cinnaminson, NJ
(609) 303-0604

Mr. Garland Brunoe
Vice Chair of the Tribal Council
Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs
P.O. Box 1299
1233 Veterans Street
Warm Springs, OR 97761
(541) 553-3411
(541) 553-3263 (fax)
gbrunoe@wstribes.org

Mr. Hezekiah Bunch, Jr.
Chief
Housing Authority Baltimore City Police Department
417 East Fayette Street
Baltimore, MD 21202
(410) 396-4068
(410) 783-1867 (fax)

Mr. Michael Burdeen
Grant Program Specialist
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 305-2104
(202) 305-2542 (fax)
burdeenm@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Sonia L. Burgos
Director
Community Safety and Conservation Division
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
451 Seventh Street SW.
Washington, DC 20410
(202) 708-1197 x 4069
(202) 401-7965 (fax)

Hon. Kevin S. Burke
Judge
Hennepin County Court
1051-C Government Center
Minneapolis, MN 55487
(612) 348-4389
(612) 348-5374 (fax)
Kevin.Burke@co.hennepin.mn.us

Ms. Dottie Burkette
TRIAD
100 Bush Boulevard
Stanford, FL 32773
(407) 330-6600
(407) 330-6654 (fax)

Ms. Donna H. Burns
Director of Special Projects
Office of the Governor
Georgia Emergency Management Agency
935 East Confederate Avenue
Atlanta, GA 30316
(404) 635-7021
(404) 635-7005 (fax)
dburns@gema.state.ga.us

Mr. Fox Butterfield
Correspondent
New York Times
8 Fulling Mill Lane
Hingham, MA 02043
(781) 740-8940
(781) 740-4733 (fax)
foxG@NYTimes.com

Ms. Mary V. Leftridge Byrd
Superintendent
State Correctional Institution
500 East Fourth Street
Chester, PA 19013
(610) 490-5412
(610) 447-3042 (fax)

Mr. Sean M. Byrne
Prosecutor Coordinator
New York Prosecutors Training Institute
150 State Street, Fifth Floor
Albany, NY 12207
(518) 432-1100
(518) 432-1180 (fax)

Mr. John A. Calhoun
Executive Director
National Crime Prevention Council
1700 K Street NW., Second Floor
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 466-6272
(202) 296-1595 (fax)
jack@ncpc.org

Mr. William H. Carbone
Director
Office of Alternative Sanctions
2275 Silas Deane Highway
Rocky Hill, CT 06067
(860) 563-1332
(860) 721-9474 (fax)

Mr. Luis Cardona
Director
DC Barrios Unidos
P.O. Box 21098
Washington, DC 20009
(202) 487-0159
luiscardo@hotmail.com

Mr. Thomas H. Carr
Director
Washington/Baltimore HIDTA
Office of National Drug Control Policy
Executive Office of the President
7500 Greenway Center Drive, Suite 900
Greenbelt, MD 20770
(301) 489-1700
(301) 489-1660 (fax)
Tcarr@wb.HIDPA.org

Mr. Mike Cashman
Special Agent
Office of Training
Drug Enforcement Administration
Quantico, VA 22135
(703) 640-7538
(703) 640-7039 (fax)

Hon. James D. Cayce
Presiding Judge
King County District Court
1034 King County Courthouse
Seattle, WA 98104
(206) 296-3594
(206) 296-0596 (fax)

Mr. Jan M. Chaiken
Director
Bureau of Justice Statistics
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-0765
(202) 307-5846 (fax)
chaiken@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Marcia R. Chaiken
Director of Research
LINC
P.O. Box 924
Alexandria, VA 22313
(703) 549-8222
(703) 836-5941 (fax)
linc@radix.net

Ms. Marcia Choo
Assistant Director
Museum Programs
Simon Wiesenthal Center
Simon Wiesenthal Plaza
9760 West Pico Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 90035-4792
(310) 553-9036

Mr. Keith Chval
Supervisor
Internet Criminal Activity Unit
Office of the Attorney General of Illinois
100 West Randolph Street, 12th Floor
Chicago, IL 60601
(312) 814-3505
(312) 814-5024 (fax)
kchval@pop.state.il.us

Mr. Roch O. Clapp
Director
Boise County Office of Community Justice
P.O. Box 126
Idaho City, ID 83631
(208) 392-6767
(208) 392-6712 (fax)

Mr. Peter Clavelle
Mayor
City of Burlington
City Hall
149 Church Street, Room 34
Burlington, VT 05401
(802) 865-7272
(802) 865-7024 (fax)
clavelle@vbimail.champlain.edu

Mr. Sam Cochran
Lieutenant
Memphis Police Department
201 Poplar
Memphis, TN 38103
(901) 545-5735
(901) 545-3877 (fax)

Dr. Lee Colwell
Director
National Center for Rural Law Enforcement
Criminal Justice Institute
University of Arkansas
7723 Asher Avenue, Suite B
Little Rock, AR 72204
(501) 570-8000
(501) 565-3081 (fax)
lcolwell@cji.net

Mr. Foster Cook
Director
Breaking the Cycle
401 Beacon Parkway West, Suite 270
Birmingham, AL 35209-3105
(205) 917-3784
(205) 917-3721 (fax)
fcook@beapsyl.his.uab.edu

Mr. Gregory M. Cooper
Chief
Provo City Police Department
P.O. Box 1894
Provo, UT 84603
(801) 698-2750

Mr. James E. Copple
Director
Coalition, State, and Field Services
National Crime Prevention Council
1700 K Street NW.
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 261-4115
jcopple@ncpc.org

Mr. Ronald P. Corbett
Deputy Commissioner
Office of Commissioner of Probation
One Ashburton Place, Room 405
Boston, MA 02108
(617) 727-5348
(617) 727-2199 (fax)

Ms. Cheryl Crawford
Acting Director
Program Development Division
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 514-6210
cheryl@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. Fernando Cubillas
Production Manager
Olmos Productions, Inc.
2020 Avenue of the Stars, Suite 500
Century City, CA 90061
(310) 557-7010
(310) 557-6276 (fax)

Mr. Gerald Cunningham
Senior Associate
Church Action for Safe and Just Communities
Homeland Ministries
130 East Washington Street
Indianapolis, IN 46204-3634
(317) 635-3113 x 373
(317) 635-4426 (fax)

Mr. Craig Cussimanio
Manager of Web Site Development
Justice Research and Statistics Association
777 North Capitol Street NE., Suite 801
Washington, DC 20002
(202) 842-9330
(202) 842-9329 (fax)
ccussima@jrsa.org

Dr. Linda Dahlberg
Senior Behavioral Scientist
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
4770 Bufford Highway NE.
MS-K60
Atlanta, GA 30341
(770) 488-4646
(770) 488-4349 (fax)
lld@cdc.gov

Mr. James L. Danforth
Chief
Oneida Tribal Police Department
2783 Freedom Road
Oneida Nation, WI 54155
(920) 869-2239
(920) 869-1864 (fax)

Ms. Mari Ann Daniels 
Director
Baltimore Department of Juvenile Justice
321 Falls Way
Baltimore, MD 21202
(410) 333-6751
(410) 333-2888 (fax)

Mr. Preston Daniels
Mayor
City Hall
400 East First Street
Des Moines, IA 50309
(515) 283-4944
(515) 237-1645 (fax)

M. Beth Davis
Executive Director-State Defender
Mississippi Public Defender's Commission
State Defender's Office
P.O. Box 22485
Jackson, MS 39225-2485
(601) 354-7450
(601) 354-7459 (fax)
msstdef.@mssc.state.ms.us

Mr. Raymond Daw
Executive Director
Na'nizhoozhi Center, Inc.
2205 East Boyd Drive
Gallup, NM 87301
(505) 722-2177
(505) 722-5961 (fax)
raydaw@aol.com

Ms. Alice W. Dery
Assistant Chief
Asset Forfeiture Division
U.S. Department of Justice
1400 New York Avenue NW., Room 10100
Washington, DC 20005
(202) 514-1263
(202) 616-1344 (fax)
Alice.Dery@doj.gov

Mr. Drew Diamond
Consultant
Police Executive Research Forum
11815 East 28th Street
Tulsa, OK 74129
(918) 627-5700
(918) 627-5700 (fax)
ddiem49@aol.com

Mr. Walter Dickey
University of Wisconsin Law School
975 Bascom Mall
Madison, WI 53706
(608) 262-1542
(608) 262-1232 (fax)

Ms. Mary D. Dorman
Attorney
Advisory Board
Midtown Community Court
584 Broadway, Suite 1006
New York, NY 10012
(212) 941-1202
(212) 941-1299 (fax)
mdd2@juno.com

Mr. Jerel Eaglin
Director
Youth Services
National Crime Prevention Council
1700 K Street NW., Second Floor
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 466-6272
(202) 296-1356 (fax)

Hon. Ronald Earle
District Attorney
Travis County
314 West 11th Street, Suite 200
Austin, TX 78701
(512) 473-9401
(512) 473-9695 (fax)

Mr. George Epp
Sheriff
Boulder County
1777 Sixth Street
P.O. Box 471
Boulder, CO 80302
(303) 441-4609
(303) 441-4739
geesh@co.boulder.co.us

Mr. Joseph R. Farmer
Program Manager, Byrne Grant
Arizona Criminal Justice Commission
3737 North Seventh Street
Room 260
Phoenix, AZ 85014
(602) 230-0252 x 213
(602) 728-0752 (fax)
acjc@goodnet.com

Mr. Michael J. Farrell
Deputy Commissioner
Policy and Planning Division
New York City Police Department
One Police Plaza
New York, NY 10038
(212) 374-5390
(212) 374-0233 (fax)

Mr. John Feinblatt
Director
Center for Court Innovation
351 West 54th Street
New York, NY 10019
(212) 373-8080
(212) 397-0985 (fax)
feinblattj@communitycourts.org

Hon. Raymond C. Fisher
Associate Attorney General
U.S. Department of Justice
10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW.
Washington, DC 20530
(202) 514-9500
(202) 514-4371 (fax)

Mr. Edward A. Flynn
Chief
Arlington Police Department
1425 North Court House Road
Arlington, VA 22201-2686
(703) 358-4040

Ms. Margo L. Frasier
Sheriff
Travis County
1010 Lavaca Street
Austin, TX 78701
(512) 473-9788
(512) 708-4675 (fax)
sheriff.frasier@co.travis.tx.us

Mr. Stephen Friedman
Vice President, Public Affairs
MTV
1515 Broadway
New York, NY 10036-5797
(212) 258-6000

Ms. Rita Aliese Frye
Public Defender
Cook County
69 West Washington, 16th Floor
Chicago, IL 60602
(312) 603-0600
(312) 603-9860 (fax)

Mr. Dennis Gabriel
Substance Abuse Counselor
Project Return
3425 Magnolia Street
New Orleans, LA 70115
(504) 895-8616

Mr. Luke G. Galant
Senior Program Advisor for Enforcement
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3211
(202) 616-2421 (fax)
luke@ojp.usdoj.gov

Hon. Frances Gallegos
Judge
Santa Fe Municipal Court
P.O. Box 909
Santa Fe, NM 87504-0909
(505) 438-5110
(505) 438-5159 (fax)

Mr. Fred W. Garcia
Director
Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse Programs
P.O. Box 45330
Olympia, WA 98504-5330
(360) 438-8228
(360) 438-8078 (fax)
MARIPOSAS@prodigy.com

Dr. Luis Garcia
Chief Criminologist
Boston Police Department
5 Thompson Street
Boston, MA 02136
(617) 343-5985
(617) 343-5011 (fax)
garcial.bpd@ci.boston.ma.us

Mr. Henry L. Gardner
Managing Partner
Gardner, Underwood and Bacon
924 Hillcroft Circle
Oakland, CA 94610
(510) 444-8343
(510) 444-8210 (fax)

Mr. Bradley Gehring
Sheriff
Outgamie County
320 South Walnut Street
Appleton, WI 54911
(920) 832-5620
(920) 832-5263 (fax)

Ms. Martha Gilland
Director
Criminal Justice Coordinating Council
503 Oak Place, Suite 540
Atlanta, GA 30349
(404) 559-4949
(404) 559-4960 (fax)
mgilland@cjcc.state.ga.us

Hon. Nancy E. Gist
Director
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-6500
(202) 305-1367 (fax)
gistn@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. John S. Goldkamp
Professor
Temple University
Department of Criminal Justice
520 North Columbus Boulevard, Suite 600
Philadelphia, PA 19123
(215) 627-3766
(215) 627-7810 (fax)
cjri@ix.netcom.com

Mr. John F. Gorczyk
Director
Vermont Department of Corrections
103 South Main Street
Waterbury, VT 05671-1001
(802) 241-2263
(802) 241-2565 (fax)

Michael R. Gottfredson
Vice President
Undergraduate Education
University of Arizona
Administration Building, Room 501
Tucson, AZ 85721
(520) 621-8257
(520) 621-5707
gottfred@u.arizona.edu

Mr. Shaking Graham
Youth Organizer
Bronx Youth Force
320 Jackson Avenue
Bronx, NY 10454
(718) 665-4268
(718) 665-4279 (fax)

Mr. James Green
Deputy Director
Community Service Programs
Office of Alternative Sanctions
1155 Silas Deane Highway
Wethersfield, CT 06109
(860) 257-1904
(860) 257-1976 (fax)

Hon. Saul A. Green
U.S. Attorney
Eastern District of Michigan
211 West Fort Street, Suite 200
Detroit, MI 48226
(313) 226-9501
(313) 226-4609 (fax)
AMIE01.sgreen

Mr. Reuben Greenberg
Chief
Charleston Police Department
180 Lockwood Boulevard
Charleston, SC 20403
(843) 720-2497

Mr. Carl R. Greene
Executive Director
Philadelphia Housing Authority
12 South 23rd Street, 6th Floor
Philadelphia, PA 19103
(215) 684-4174
(215) 684-4163 (fax)

Ms. Ellen Halbert
Director
Victim Witness Program
District Attorney's Office
Travis County
5105 Scenic View
Austin, TX 78746
(512) 327-1316
(512) 329-8747 (fax)
halbert@ONR.COM

Mr. Guy J. Hargreaves
Staff Coordinator
Drug Enforcement Administration
700 Army-Navy Drive
Arlington, VA 22202
(202) 307-4327
(202) 307-4502 (fax)

Mr. Trenton Hargrove
Chief Deputy Attorney General
Civil Rights Division
Office of the Attorney General
14 Strawberry Square
Harrisburg, PA 17110
(717) 787-0822
(717) 787-1190 (fax)
thargrove@attorneygeneral.gov

Mr. Daniel Haro
Producer
Olmos Productions, Inc.
2020 Avenue of the Stars, Fifth Floor
Century City, CA 90067
(310) 557-6811
(310) 557-6276 (fax)

Ms. M. Kay Harris
Principal Investigator
Crime and Justice Research Institute
520 North Columbus Boulevard, Suite 600
Philadelphia, PA 19123
(215) 627-3766
(215) 627-7810 (fax)
cjri@ix.netcom.com

Mr. D. Alan Henry
Executive Director
Pretrial Services Resource Center
400 F Street NW., Suite 310
Washington, DC 20001
(202) 727-2911
dah@pretrial.org

Ms. Noreena Henry
Director
Native American Program Office
U.S. Department of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3205
henry@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Susan Herman
Executive Director
National Center for Victims of Crime
2111 Wilson Boulevard, Room 300
Arlington, VA 22201
(703) 276-2880

Hon. Stephen L. Hill, Jr.
U.S. Attorney
Western District of Missouri
400 East Ninth Street, Fifth Floor
Kansas City, MO 64106
(816) 426-4212
(816) 426-4210 (fax)
stephen.hill@usdoj.gov

Mr. Tom Hinz
Sheriff
Brown County
300 East Walnut Street
Green Bay, WI 54301
(920) 448-4222
(920) 448-4206 (fax)
hinz_tj@co.brown.wi.us

Mr. Gary Hinzman
Director
Sixth Judicial District
951 29th Avenue SW.
Cedar Rapids, IA 52404
(319) 398-3672
(319) 398-3684 (fax)
ghinzman@doc.state.ia.us

Hon. Eric M. Holder
Deputy Attorney General
U.S. Department of Justice
10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW. Room 41
Washington, DC 20530
(202) 514-2101
(202) 514-0467 (fax)

Mr. Charles M. (Bud) Hollis
Senior Program Advisor for Adjudication
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3218
(202) 616-2421 (fax)

Ms. Jerijean Houchins
Texas Planning Council
1300 Bluff Drive
Round Rock, TX 78681
(512) 255-1465
(512) 255-1746 (fax)
btl@inetport.com

Ms. M. Patricia Hoven
Vice President, Social Responsibility
Honeywell, Inc.
P.O. Box 524
Minneapolis, MN 55440-0524
(612) 951-0430
(612) 951-0433 (fax)
pat.hoven@corp.honeywell.com

Mr. Henry Izumizaki
Executive Director
Eureka Bay Area
425 Market Street, 16th Floor
San Francisco, CA 94105
(415) 546-3996
(415) 546-9238 (fax)
eurekasf@aol.com

Mr. Kevin Jackson
Program Manager
Research and Technology Division
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW.
Room 7241
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-2956
(202) 307-9907 (fax)

Ms. Trudy Jackson
Steering Committee for Community Justice
Boise County
P.O. Box 31
Idaho City, ID 83631
(208) 392-4151
(208) 392-9662 (fax)

Ms. Valera Jackson
Executive Vice President
The Village
3180 Biscayne Boulevard
Miami, FL 33137
(305) 571-5526
(305) 571-1900 (fax)
valerajg@aol.com

Ms. Ann L. Jacobs
Executive Director
Women's Prison Association
110 Second Avenue
New York, NY 10003
(212) 674-1163
(212) 677-1981 (fax)
ann.jacobs@postoffice.worldnet.att.net

Ms. Weris Jama
Program Specialist
Outreach to New Americans
National Crime Prevention Council
1700 K Street NW., Second Floor
Washington, DC 20006
(202) 466-6272
(202) 296-1356 (fax)

Ms. Suzanne James
Administrator
Prince George's County Court
14735 Main Street
Upper Marlboro, MD 20772
(301) 952-3708
(301) 952-3708 (fax)
sjames@co.pg.md.us

Mr. Victor Jammers
Ministry of Justice
Department of Crime
P.O. Box 20301
2500 EH
The Netherlands 
(31) 70-3707632
(31) 70-3707250 (fax)
Vjamemers@best-dep.minus.nl

Ms. Janie L. Jeffers
Deputy Executive Director
White House-DC Interagency Task Force
Old Executive Office Building
17th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Room 264
Washington, DC 20503
(202) 395-6965

Ms. Patricia Coats Jessamy
State's Attorney
City of Baltimore
Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr., Courthouse
110 North Calvert Street, Room 208
Baltimore, MD 21202
(410) 396-4986
(410) 539-5215 (fax)

Ms. Claire Johnson
Special Advisor to the Director
D.C. Initiative
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-2942

Mr. Michael P. Judge
Chief Public Defender
Los Angeles County
Criminal Courts Building
210 West Temple Street, 19th Floor
Los Angeles, CA 90012
(213) 974-2811
(213) 617-0614 (fax)

Dr. Candice M. Kane
Acting Executive Director
Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority
120 South Riverside Plaza, Suite 1016
Chicago, IL 60606
(312) 793-8550
(312) 793-8422 (fax)
ckane@icjia.state.il.us

Mr. John Kaye
Prosecuting Attorney
Monmouth County
71 Monument Park
Freehold, NJ 07728
(732) 431-7160
(732) 409-3673 (fax)
jkaye@monmouth.com

Mr. James C. Keener
Byrne Program Coordinator
Criminal Justice Planning Agency
P.O. Box 6642
Pago Pago, AS 96799
(684) 633-5221
(684) 633-7552 (fax)
keener@samoatelco.com

Mr. George Keiser
Chief
Community Corrections Division
National Institute of Corrections
500 First Street NW.
Room 720
Washington, DC 20534
(202) 307-3995
(202) 307-3361 (fax)
gKeiser@BOP.GOV

Mr. Michael E. Kelly
Assistant to the Mayor
City of Phoenix
200 West Washington Street, 11th Floor
Phoenix, AZ 85003-1161
(602) 262-7111
(602) 495-5583 (fax)
mkellly@ci.phoenix.us.az

Ms. Theresa Kelly
Director of Special Projects
National Crime Prevention Council
1700 K Street NW., Second Floor
Washington, DC 20006-3817
(202) 261-4125
(202) 296-1356 (fax)
kelly@ncpc.org

Ms. Cathy Kendall
Grants Planning Bureau Chief
Montana Board of Crime Control
303 North Roberts
Helena, MT 59620
(406) 444-2947
(406) 444-4722 (fax)
ckendall@mt.gov

Mr. Paul F. Kendall
General Counsel
Office of Justice Programs
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 02531
(202) 307-6235
(202) 307-1419 (fax)
Kendall@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. Spurgeon Kennedy
Program Manager
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-2942

Mr. Gil Kerlikowske
Deputy Director of Support Services
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services 
1100 Vermont Avenue NW.
Washington, DC 20530
(202) 633-1382
(202) 633-1386 (fax)
gil.kerlikowske@usdoj.gov

Mr. Mike King
Lieutenant
Utah Attorney General's Office
160 East 300 South, 5th Floor
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
(801) 366-0512
(801) 366-0242 (fax)
atkey01.mking@state.ut.us

Mr. Robert A. Kirchner
Senior Program Advisor
Program Development Division
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3455
(202) 616-2421 (fax)
kirchner@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Lari K. Koga
Administrator
Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division
Department of the Attorney General
425 Queen Street
Honolulu, HI 96813
(808) 586-1151
(808) 586-1373 (fax)
lkoga@lava.net

Ms. Yvonne Korn
Director
National Crime Prevention
Commonwealth Attorney General's Department
Robert Garran Office
National Circuit
Canberra, Australia 2600 
(61) 2-62506735
(61) 2-62730913 (fax)
yvonne.korn@ag.gov.au

Mr. Edward J. Krueger
Chair
Criminal Justice Department
Fox Valley Technical College
1875 North Bluemound Drive
Appleton, WI 54914
(920) 735-4858
(920) 831-4331 (fax)
kruegere@foxvalley.tec.wi.us

Ms. Daphne Kwok
Executive Director
Organization of Chinese Americans
1001 Connecticut Avenue NW.
Room 707
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 223-5500
(202) 296-0540 (fax)

Mr. Julius Lang
Coordinator
Midtown Community Court
314 West 54th Street
New York, NY 10019
(212) 484-2703
(212) 586-1144 (fax)
jlang@courts.state.ny.us

Ms. Katherine N. Lapp
Director of Criminal Justice and Commissioner
New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services
Executive Park Tower
Stuyvesant Plaza
Albany, NY 12203-3764
(518) 457-1260
(518) 457-3089 (fax)

Ms. Alta Lash
Executive Director
United Connecticut Action for Neighborhoods
190 New Britain Avenue
Hartford, CT 06103
(860) 297-5178
(860) 287-5190 (fax)

Mr. Michael Lawlor
Representative
Connecticut House of Representatives
LOB, Judiciary Committee, Room 2500
Hartford, CT 06106
(860) 240-0530
(860) 240-0021 (fax)
MLawlor99@juno.com

Hon. Bill Lann Lee
Acting Assistant Attorney General
Civil Rights Division
U.S. Department of Justice
10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW. Room 5643
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 514-2151
(202) 202-1379 (fax)

Mr. Eric Lee
Deputy Director
Center for Court Innovation
351 West 54th Street
New York, NY 10019
(212) 373-8088
(212) 397-0985 (fax)
leee@communitycourts.org

Hon. Patrick A. Lee
Chief Judge
Oglala Sioux Tribe
P.O. Box 280
Pine Ridge, SD 57770
(605) 867-5151
(605) 867-1549 (fax)

Ms. Sunny Lee
Program Coordinator
Tools for Tolerance for Law Enforcement
Simon Wiesenthal Center
Simon Wiesenthal Plaza
9760 West Pico Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 90035-4792
(310) 553-9036

Hon. Ginger Lerner-Wren
Judge
Broward County
Mental Health Court
201 Southeast Sixth Street
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
(954) 831-5572

Mr. Alan Levitt
Senior Advisor and Chief
Education Branch
Executive Office of the President
Office of National Drug Control Policy
750 17th Street NW.
Washington, DC 20510
(202) 395-6794
                    
Hon. Wilma A. Lewis
U.S. Attorney
District of Columbia
Judiciary Center
555 Fourth Street NW.
Washington, DC 20001
(202) 514-6600
(202) 353-0121 (fax)
Wilma.lewis@usdoj.gov

Mr. Tom (T.J.) Leyden
Task Force Against Hate
Simon Wiesenthal Center
Simon Wiesenthal Plaza
9760 West Pico Boulevard
Los Angeles, CA 90035-4792
(310) 553-9036

Ms. Waunetta Lonewolf
Oglala Nation
4721 West Wahalla Lane
Glendale, AZ 85308
(602) 492-9433
(602) 492-9520 (fax)

Ms. Mary Lopez
Director
Safe Futures Consortium
University of Nebraska at Omaha
1313 Farnam Street, PKCC Room 232
Omaha, NE 68182
(402) 595-1213
(402) 595-3229 (fax)
mlopez@unomaha.edu

M. Scott Lyons
Chief
Duluth Police Department
City Hall, Room 104
Duluth, MN 55104
(218) 723-3224

Mr. Dennis Maloney
Chief Probation Officer
Juvenile Community Justice
63333 West Highway 20
Bend, OR 97702
(541) 388-6673
(541) 383-0165 (fax)

Mr. George P. March
Chair
Pennsylvania Justice Network Steering Committee
17 North Church Street, Suite 217
West Chester, PA 19380-0991
(610) 344-6866
(610) 344-6607 (fax)
g_march@mail.co.chester.pa.us

Mr. Jay A. Marshall
Senior Program Advisor for Community Justice
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3215
(202) 616-2421 (fax)
jay@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Jimena Martinez
Director of Technical Assistance
Center for Court Innovation
351 West 54th Street
New York, NY 10019
(212) 373-8098
(212) 397-0985 (fax)
marinezj@communitycourts.org

Mr. Marc Mauer
Assistant Director
Sentencing Project
918 F Street NW., Suite 501
Washington, DC 20004
(202) 628-0871
(202) 628-1091 (fax)
mauer@sentencingproject.org

Ms. Judith White McBride
Senior Advisor to the Assistant Attorney General
Office of Justice Programs
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 514-1563
(202) 514-1563 (fax)
mcbridge@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. Michael S. McCampbell
Project Director
Circle Solutions, Inc.
7913 Northwest 83rd Street
Tamarack, FL 33321
(954) 726-5322
(954) 721-0492 (fax)
mikiecircle@aol.com

Ms. Anne McDiarmid
Manager
Dakota County Community Corrections
201 North Concord Exchange
South St. Paul, MN 55075
(651) 552-3087
(651) 552-3070 (fax)
annemcd@surfree.com

Ms. Kim McGillicuddy
Bronx Youth Force
320 Jackson Avenue
Bronx, NY 10454
(718) 665-4268
(718) 665-4279 (fax)
wfmail@aol.com

Mr. James J. McGivney
Deputy Director for Government Relations
D.A.R.E. [registered trademark] America
P.O. Box 775
Dumfries, VA 22026
(703) 860-3273
(703) 730-7849 (fax)

Ms. Linda James McKay
Director
Analysis and Planning Division
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 514-6638
(202) 305-1367 (fax)

Mr. Stan M. McKinney
Director
Emergency Preparedness Division
Office of the Adjutant General
1429 Senate Street
Columbia, SC 29201
(803) 734-8020
(803) 734-8062 (fax)

Mr. Garry A. Mendez, Jr.
Executive Director
National Trust for the Development of African-American Men
6811 Kenilworth Avenue
Riverdale, MD 20737
(301) 887-0100
(301) 887-0405 (fax)
mendezjr@msn.com

Mr. Andy Mitchell
Deputy Director
Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
Office of Justice Programs
800 K Street NW., Ninth Floor
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 305-9889
(202) 616-2922 (fax)
Andy@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. Cranston Mitchell
Chair
Missouri Parole Commission
1511 Christy Drive
Jefferson City, MO 65101
(573) 526-6551
(573) 651-8501 (fax)

Mr. E. Mick Mollica
Special Consultant
Learn Associates
Folsom, CA 95630
(916) 227-3219

Mr. Richard Moore
Director
Criminal and Juvenile Justice Planning Division
Lucas Building
Des Moines, IA 50319
(515) 242-5816
(515) 242-6119 (fax)
dick.moore@cjjp.state.ia.us

Mr. Charles A. Moose
Chief
Portland Police Department
1111 Southwest Second Avenue
Portland, OR 97204
(503) 823-0008
(503) 823-0342 (fax)
Cmoose@police.ci.portland.or.us

Mr. Dennis Murphy
Deputy Capital Defender
Capital Defender Office
915 Broadway, Seventh Floor
New York, NY 10010
(212) 780-5620
cdomurph@aol.com

Mr. Robert T. Murray
Chief
Falls Church Police Department
300 Park Avenue
Falls Church, VA 22046
(703) 241-5055

Mr. Timothy J. Murray
Director
Program Development Division
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-8933
(202) 514-5956 (fax)
murrayt@ojp.usdoj.gov

Mr. James Mustin
Consultant
National Institute of Corrections
32 Oak Grove Road
Palmyra, VA 22963
(804) 589-4239
(804) 589-6520 (fax)
mustin@cstone.net

Dr. David F. Musto
Department of History
Yale University
P.O. Box 208324
New Haven, CT 06520-8324
(203) 432-1366
(203) 432-7587 (fax)

Hon. George W. Neilson
Presiding Judge
22nd Judicial District
Jefferson County Courthouse
75 Southeast C Street
Madras, OR 97741
(541) 475-3421
(541) 475-3421 (fax)

Mr. Scott C. Newman
Prosecuting Attorney
Marion County
200 East Washington Street
560 City-County Building
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317) 327-5662
(317) 327-5325 (fax)
snewman@indvgov.org

Mr. Leonard E. Noisette
Director
Neighborhood Defender Service
55 West 125th Street, 2nd Floor
New York, NY 10027
(212) 876-5500
(212) 876-5586 (fax)

Hon. Raymond Norko
Judge
Community Court
80 Washington Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(860) 756-7010
(860) 756-7025 (fax)

Ms. Victoria Nute
Maine Department of the Attorney General
6 State House Station
Augusta, ME 04333-0006
(207) 738-2252

Ms. Rose Ochi
Director
Community Relations Service
U.S. Department of Justice
600 E Street NW.
Washington, DC 20530
(202) 305-2935
(202) 305-3009 (fax)

Ms. Nancy Odierno
Coordinator
Drug Elimination Program
Menominee Tribal Housing Authority
P.O. Box 459
Keshena, WI 54135-0459
(715) 799-3236
(715) 799-4306 (fax)

Ms. Jean F. O'Neil
Director
Research and Policy Analysis
National Crime Prevention Council
1700 K Street NW., Second Floor
Washington, DC 20006-3817
(202) 261-4128
(202) 296-1356 (fax)
oneil@ncpc.org

Hon. Frank A. Orlando
Judge
Center for the Study of Youth Policy
Shepard Broad Law Center
Nova Southeastern University
3305 College Avenue
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314
(954) 262-6239
(954) 262-3822 (fax)
orlandof@nsu.law.nova.edu

Mr. Thomas J. Pagel
Director
Division of Criminal Investigation
316 West 22nd Street
Cheyenne, WY 82002
(307) 777-7181
(307) 777-7252 (fax)
tpagel@missc.state.wy.us

Ms. Rae Ann Palmer
Coordinator
Special Projects and Community Programs
City of Hartford
525 Main Street
Hartford, CT 06106
(860) 543-8681
(860) 722-6215 (fax)
raeann_palmer@ursa.hartnet.org

Dr. Mario A. Paparozzi                  
Assistant Professor
The College of New Jersey
P.O. Box 7718
Ewing, NJ 08628-0718
(609) 771-2288
(609) 397-4635 (fax)
paparozz@tcnj.edu

Mr. Samuel Payne
Youth Coordinator
Phyllis Wheatley Community Center
1019 Olson Memorial Highway
Minneapolis, MN 55405
(612) 374-3061

Mr. Albert Antony Pearsall III
Acting Director
National Programs Division
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-3298
(202) 305-1367 (fax)

Ms. Elizabeth A. Pearson
Senior Staff Associate
National Criminal Justice Association
444 North Capitol Street NW., Room 618
Washington, DC 20001
(202) 624-1445
(202) 508-3859 (fax)
eapncja@sso.org

Dr. Sheila D. Peters
Project Manager
Greene, Peters & Associates
1018 16th Avenue North
Nashville, TN 37208
(615) 327-0329
(615) 327-1422 (fax)
greenpet@worldnet.att.net

Ms. Judith N. Phelan
Staff Assistant
Multnomah County District Attorney's Office
1021 Southwest Fourth Avenue, Room 600
Portland, OR 97204
(503) 248-3335
(503) 248-3643 (fax)
judy.n.phelan@co.multnomah.or.us

Mr. Rick Phillips
Executive Director
Community Matters
P.O. Box 14816
Santa Rosa, CA 95402
(707) 823-6159
(707) 823-3373 (fax)
team@commatters.org

Mr. Jack Riley
Director
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW., Seventh Floor
Washington, DC 20531

Dr. Carmen Pena Rivera
Director
Bureau of Evaluation and Assessment
Correction Administration of Puerto Rico
161 Ponce De Leon Avenue, Sixth Floor
Hato Rey, PR 00917
(787) 767-6982
(787) 767-6982 (fax)

Mr. David J. Roberts
Deputy Executive Director
SEARCH Group, Inc.
7311 Greenhaven Drive, Suite 145
Sacramento, CA 95831
(916) 392-2550 x 210
(916) 392-8440 (fax)
david.roberts@search.org

Mr. Robert E. Roberts
Professor/Director
Tulane University Project Return
2703 General DeGaulle Drive
New Orleans, LA 70114-6222
(504) 263-8977
(504) 263-8976 (fax)
bob@projectreturn.com

Hon. Laurie O. Robinson
Assistant Attorney General
Office of Justice Programs
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-5933
(202) 514-7805 (fax)

Ms. Jeanne Robison
Assistant City Prosecutor
City Prosecutor's Office
451 South 200 East, 4th Floor
Salt Lake City, UT 84111
(801) 535-7960
(801) 535-7235 (fax)
jean.robison@ci.slc.ut.us

Rico Rush
Alliance of Concerned Black Men
1424 16th Street NW., Suite 103
Washington, DC 20036
(202) 535-1131
(202) 535-1059 (fax)

Mr. Wayne Sakamoto
Violence Prevention Coordinator
San Diego County
6401 Linda Vista Road
San Diego, CA 92111
(619) 292-3569
(619) 571-6046 (fax)

Ms. Maude Saunders
Assistant Director for Resident Services
Richmond Housing and Redevelopment Authority
901 Chamberlayne Parkway
Richmond, VA 23220
(804) 780-4200
(804) 649-0659 (fax)
mssaunder@rrha.state.va.us

Mr. Michael Scagnelli
Assistant Chief
New York Police Department
Patrol Borough Manhattan South
230 East 21st Street
New York, NY 10010
(212) 477-9130

Mr. Michael D. Schrunk
District Attorney
Multnomah County District Attorney's Office
1021 Southwest 4th Avenue, Room 600
Portland, OR 97204
(503) 248-3143
(503) 248-3643 (fax)
michale.d.schrunk@co.multnomah.or.us

Mr. Michael Serra
Youth Forum Representative
38 Lockwood Street
Meriden, CT 06451
(203) 639-8315
(203) 639-8314 (fax)

Mr. Leonard Seumanutafa
Program Specialist
Criminal Justice Planning Agency
P.O. Box 6642
EOB, Third Floor
Pago Pago, AS 96799
(684) 633-5221
(684) 633-7552 (fax)
keener@samoatelco.com

Mr. David Singh
Special Assistant to the Director
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-6500
(202) 305-1367 (fax)

Mr. Douglas F. Smith
Director
Arizona HIDTA Center
6868 South Plumer Avenue
Tucson, AZ 85706
(520) 547-8899
(520) 547-8989 (fax)

Ms. Patricia Smith
Assistant Director
CCP/Hotspots
Mayor's Coordinating Council on Criminal Justice
10 South Street, Suite 400
Baltimore, MD 21202
(410) 396-4370
(410) 625-2107 (fax)
pat_smith@mail.ci.baltimore.md.us

Mr. Rodney A. Sprauve
Project Director
Harlem Community Justice Center
351 West 54th Street
New York, NY 10019
(212) 373-8091
(212) 397-0985 (fax)
sprauver@CommunityCourts.Org

Mr. Richard L. Stalder
Secretary
Department of Public Safety and Corrections
P.O. Box 94304
Capitol Station
Baton Rouge, LA 70804-9304
(225) 342-5723
(225) 342-2486 (fax)

Mr. Henry J. Steadman
President
Policy Research Associates, Inc.
262 Delaware Avenue
Delmar, NY 12054
(518) 439-7415
(518) 439-7612 (fax)
hsteadman@prainc.com

Mr. Thomas Sweed
National Youth Forum
5075 Ursula Way
Denver, CO 80239
(303) 371-3426
tsweed99@aol.com

Ms. Barbara E. Thomas
Projects Manager
The Family Institute
1915 Kalorama Road NW., Room 504
Washington, DC 20009
(202) 265-5927
(202) 265-5926 (fax)
BarberaTFI@aol.com

Mr. Mark C. Thompson
Director of Administration
Office of the Attorney General
New Hampshire Department of Justice
33 Capitol Street
Concord, NH 03301-6397
(603) 271-1234
(603) 271-2110 (fax)
mthompson@doj.state.nh.us

Ms. Tammy Tramble
National Youth Forum
2815 Jasmine Street
Denver, CO 80207
(303) 322-9206

Hon. Jeremy Travis
Director
National Institute of Justice
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 307-2942
(202) 307-6394 (fax)
travisj@ojp.usdoj.gov 

Mr. Tony Truong
Outreach to New Americans
1412 East Boyd Street
Des Moines, IA 50316
(515) 263-1048

Ms. Kathryn M. Turman
Acting Director
Office for Victims of Crime
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-2145
(202) 514-6383 (fax)

Mr. R. Lewis Vass
Captain
Division Commander
Criminal Justice Information Services
Virginia State Police
P.O. Box 27472
Richmond, VA 23621-7472
(804) 674-2147
(804) 674-2105 (fax)

Ms. Maria Theresa Viramontes
Executive Director
East Bay Public Safety Corridor Partnership
1222 Preservation Park Way, Ground Floor
Oakland, CA 94612
(510) 832-7071
(510) 832-7073 (fax)

Ms. JoAnn Wallace
Director
Public Defender Service
451 Indiana Avenue NW.
Washington, DC 20001
(202) 628-1200
(202) 626-8423 (fax)

Mr. Irvin Waller
Director General
International Centre for Prevention of Crime
507 Place D'Armes, Room 2100
Montreal, Quebec
Canada H2Y 2W8
(514) 288-6731
(514) 288-8763 (fax)

Mr. Richard H. Ward III
Deputy Director
Bureau of Justice Assistance
810 Seventh Street NW.
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 514-6278
(202) 305-1367 (fax)
ward@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Nancy M. Ware
Director of Technical Assistance and Training
Executive Office for Weed and Seed
810 Seventh Street NW., Sixth Floor
Washington, DC 20531
(202) 616-1152
(202) 616-1159 (fax)
waren@ojp.usdoj.gov

Ms. Beverly Watts-Davis
Executive Director
San Antonio Fighting Back of United Way
2803 East Commerce
San Antonio, TX 78203
(210) 271-7232
(210) 271-1087 (fax)
hn2560@earthlink.net

Mr. Randy A. Weaver
Chief
National Drug Assessment Group
National Drug Intelligence Center
319 Washington Street
Johnstown, PA 15901
(814) 532-4552
(814) 532-4032 (fax)
aaraw@ndic.osis.gov

Mr. David M. Wertheimer
Administrator
Service and Systems Integration Administration
Department of Community and Human Services
700 5th Avenue, Suite 3800
Seattle, WA 98104
(206) 205-1354
(206) 296-5260 (fax)

Mr. Stephen L. Wessler
Assistant Attorney General
Maine Department of the Attorney General
6 State House Station
Augusta, ME 04333-0006
(207) 626-8845
(207) 624-7730 (fax)
stephen.wessler@state.me.us

Mr. Nigel Whiskin
Chief Executive
Crime Concern
Beaver House
147-150 Victoria Road
Swindon, England 
SN1 3BU
(44) 1793-863500
(44) 1793-514654 (fax)

Ms. Janet K. Wiig
Associate Director
Institute on Criminal Justice
University of Minnesota Law School
430 Law Center
229 19th Avenue, South
Minneapolis, MN 55455
(612) 626-9138
(612) 624-1823 (fax)
wiggxoo1@tc.umn.edu

Ms. B. Diane Williams
President/CEO
SAFER Foundation
571 West Jackson Boulevard
Chicago, IL 60661-5701
(312) 922-8033
(312) 922-7640 (fax)
dianesafer@aol.com

Mr. Richard Wilson
Professor
American University
Washington College of Law
4801 Massachusetts Avenue NW.
Washington, DC 20016
(202) 274-4246
(202) 274-0659 (fax)
rwilson@wcl.american.edu

Mr. Neil R. Woodcock
Director
Law Enforcement Support Services
Department of Crime Control and Public Safety
1950 Garner Road
Raleigh, NC 27610-3926
(919) 715-5478
(919) 715-5546 (fax)
nwoodcock@NCCrimecontrol.org