PMID- 10984461
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Opportunities at the intersection of bioinformatics and health
      informatics: a case study.
PG  - 431-8
AB  - This paper provides a "viewpoint discussion" based on a presentation made
      to the 2000 Symposium of the American College of Medical Informatics. It
      discusses potential opportunities for researchers in health informatics to
      become involved in the rapidly growing field of bioinformatics, using the
      activities of the Yale Center for Medical Informatics as a case study. One
      set of opportunities occurs where bioinformatics research itself
      intersects with the clinical world. Examples include the correlations
      between individual genetic variation with clinical risk factors, disease
      presentation, and differential response to treatment; and the implications
      of including genetic test results in the patient record, which raises
      clinical decision support issues as well as legal and ethical issues. A
      second set of opportunities occurs where bioinformatics research can
      benefit from the technologic expertise and approaches that informaticians
      have used extensively in the clinical arena. Examples include database
      organization and knowledge representation, data mining, and modeling and
      simulation. Microarray technology is discussed as a specific potential
      area for collaboration. Related questions concern how best to establish
      collaborations with bioscientists so that the interests and needs of both
      sets of researchers can be met in a synergistic fashion, and the most
      appropriate home for bioinformatics in an academic medical center.
AD  - Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
FAU - Miller, P L
AU  - Miller PL
LA  - eng
GR  - G08-LM-05583/LM/NLM
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
CIN - J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):512-6. PMID: 10984470
MH  - *Computational Biology/organization & administration
MH  - Cooperative Behavior
MH  - Decision Support Systems, Clinical
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Genome
MH  - *Medical Informatics/organization & administration
MH  - Neurosciences
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):431-8.

PMID- 10984462
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - The interactions between clinical informatics and bioinformatics: a case
      study.
PG  - 439-43
AB  - For the past decade, Stanford Medical Informatics has combined clinical
      informatics and bioinformatics research and training in an explicit way.
      The interest in applying informatics techniques to both clinical problems
      and problems in basic science can be traced to the Dendral project in the
      1960s. Having bioinformatics and clinical informatics in the same academic
      unit is still somewhat unusual and can lead to clashes of clinical and
      basic science cultures. Nevertheless, the benefits of this organization
      have recently become clear, as the landscape of academic medicine in the
      next decades has begun to emerge. The author provides examples of
      technology transfer between clinical informatics and bioinformatics that
      illustrate how they complement each other.
AD  - Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5479, USA.
      russ.altman@stanford.edu
FAU - Altman, R B
AU  - Altman RB
LA  - eng
GR  - GM-61374/GM/NIGMS
GR  - LM-05652/LM/NLM
GR  - LM-06422/LM/NLM
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
CIN - J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):512-6. PMID: 10984470
MH  - Academic Medical Centers/organization & administration
MH  - California
MH  - *Computational Biology/education/methods/organization & administration
MH  - Cooperative Behavior
MH  - *Medical Informatics/organization & administration
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - *Technology Transfer
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):439-43.

PMID- 10984463
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20001218
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Electronic health record meets digital library: a new environment for
      achieving an old goal.
PG  - 444-52
AB  - Linking the electronic health record to the digital library is a Web-era
      reformulation of the long-standing informatics goal of seamless
      integration of automated clinical data and relevant knowledge-based
      information to support informed decisions. The spread of the Internet, the
      development of the World Wide Web, and converging format standards for
      electronic health data and digital publications make effective linking
      increasingly feasible. Some existing systems link electronic health data
      and knowledge-based information in limited settings or limited ways. Yet
      many challenging informatics research problems remain to be solved before
      flexible and seamless linking becomes a reality and before systems become
      capable of delivering the specific piece of information needed at the time
      and place a decision must be made. Connecting the electronic health record
      to the digital library also requires positive resolution of important
      policy issues, including health data privacy, government encouragement of
      high-speed communications, electronic intellectual property rights, and
      standards for health data and for digital libraries. Both the research
      problems and the policy issues should be important priorities for the
      field of medical informatics.
AD  - Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA. blh@nlm.nih.gov
FAU - Humphreys, B L
AU  - Humphreys BL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
MH  - *Internet/standards
MH  - Libraries/*organization & administration/standards
MH  - Medical Records Systems, Computerized/*organization & administration
MH  - Publishing/*organization & administration/standards
MH  - Systems Integration
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):444-52.

PMID- 10984464
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20001218
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Improving clinical communication: a view from psychology.
PG  - 453-61
AB  - Recent research has studied the communication behaviors of clinical
      hospital workers and observed a tendency for these workers to use
      communication behaviors that were often inefficient. Workers were observed
      to favor synchronous forms of communication, such as telephone calls and
      chance face-to-face meetings with colleagues, even when these channels
      were not effective. Synchronous communication also contributes to a highly
      interruptive working environment, increasing the potential for clinical
      errors to be made. This paper reviews these findings from a cognitive
      psychological perspective, focusing on current understandings of how human
      memory functions and on the potential consequences of interruptions on the
      ability to work effectively. It concludes by discussing possible
      communication technology interventions that could be introduced to improve
      the clinical communication environment and suggests directions for future
      research.
AD  - Hewlett-Packard Research Laboratories, Bristol, England (JSP).
      jsp@hplb.hpl.hp.com
FAU - Parker, J
AU  - Parker J
FAU - Coiera, E
AU  - Coiera E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
MH  - Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - Cognitive Science
MH  - *Communication
MH  - Memory
MH  - Personnel, Hospital/*psychology
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):453-61.

PMID- 10984465
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Comparative evaluation of three continuous speech recognition software
      packages in the generation of medical reports.
PG  - 462-8
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To compare out-of-box performance of three commercially
      available continuous speech recognition software packages: IBM ViaVoice 98
      with General Medicine Vocabulary; Dragon Systems NaturallySpeaking Medical
      Suite, version 3.0; and L&H Voice Xpress for Medicine, General Medicine
      Edition, version 1.2. DESIGN: Twelve physicians completed minimal training
      with each software package and then dictated a medical progress note and
      discharge summary drawn from actual records. MEASUREMENTS: Errors in
      recognition of medical vocabulary, medical abbreviations, and general
      English vocabulary were compared across packages using a rigorous,
      standardized approach to scoring. RESULTS: The IBM software was found to
      have the lowest mean error rate for vocabulary recognition (7.0 to 9.1
      percent) followed by the L&H software (13.4 to 15.1 percent) and then
      Dragon software (14.1 to 15.2 percent). The IBM software was found to
      perform better than both the Dragon and the L&H software in the
      recognition of general English vocabulary and medical abbreviations.
      CONCLUSION: This study is one of a few attempts at a robust evaluation of
      the performance of continuous speech recognition software. Results of this
      study suggest that with minimal training, the IBM software outperforms the
      other products in the domain of general medicine; however, results may
      vary with domain. Additional training is likely to improve the out-of-box
      performance of all three products. Although the IBM software was found to
      have the lowest overall error rate, successive generations of speech
      recognition software are likely to surpass the accuracy rates found in
      this investigation.
AD  - Boston Veterans Administration Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
      02130, USA. devine.eric@boston.va.gov
FAU - Devine, E G
AU  - Devine EG
FAU - Gaehde, S A
AU  - Gaehde SA
FAU - Curtis, A C
AU  - Curtis AC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Evaluation Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Medical Records Systems, Computerized
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - *Software
MH  - *Speech
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):462-8.

PMID- 10984466
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Variables that may enhance medical students' perceived preparedness for
      computer-based testing.
PG  - 469-74
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To identify variables that may enhance medical student's
      preparedness for computer-based administration of the United States
      Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of
      301 medical students who completed a self-administered questionnaire.
      MEASUREMENTS: The questionnaire was designed to obtain information about
      students' computer resources, personal experience with computers, computer
      expertise, opinions about computers, experience with computer-based
      testing, perceived preparedness for the computer-based USMLE, and
      demographic variables. Variables related to students' perceived
      preparedness for the computer-based USMLE were identified by ordinal
      logistic regression. RESULTS: A significant regression model yielded four
      significant predictors: perceived preparedness for USMLE content (P: <
      0.0001), opinions about computers (P: < 0.0012), gender (P: < 0.0001), and
      a gender by computer-based testing experience interaction (P: < 0. 0004).
      Computer resources, personal experience with computers, computer
      expertise, age, race, and year of medical school were not significant
      predictors. CONCLUSION: Students' perceived preparedness for
      computer-based administration of high-stakes examinations may be
      facilitated by preparing them for examination content, by enhancing their
      opinions about computers, and by increasing their computer-based testing
      experiences.
AD  - East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.
      dlynch@med-scape.com
FAU - Lynch, D C
AU  - Lynch DC
FAU - Whitley, T W
AU  - Whitley TW
FAU - Emmerling, D A
AU  - Emmerling DA
FAU - Brinn, J E
AU  - Brinn JE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
MH  - Attitude to Computers
MH  - *Computer Literacy
MH  - Computer User Training
MH  - Continental Population Groups
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Educational Measurement/*methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Licensure, Medical
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - *Students, Medical/psychology
MH  - United States
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):469-74.

PMID- 10984467
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Exploring performance issues for a clinical database organized using an
      entity-attribute-value representation.
PG  - 475-87
AB  - BACKGROUND: The entity-attribute-value representation with classes and
      relationships (EAV/CR) provides a flexible and simple database schema to
      store heterogeneous biomedical data. In certain circumstances, however,
      the EAV/CR model is known to retrieve data less efficiently than
      conventionally based database schemas. OBJECTIVE: To perform a pilot study
      that systematically quantifies performance differences for database
      queries directed at real-world microbiology data modeled with EAV/CR and
      conventional representations, and to explore the relative merits of
      different EAV/CR query implementation strategies. METHODS: Clinical
      microbiology data obtained over a ten-year period were stored using both
      database models. Query execution times were compared for four clinically
      oriented attribute-centered and entity-centered queries operating under
      varying conditions of database size and system memory. The performance
      characteristics of three different EAV/CR query strategies were also
      examined. RESULTS: Performance was similar for entity-centered queries in
      the two database models. Performance in the EAV/CR model was approximately
      three to five times less efficient than its conventional counterpart for
      attribute-centered queries. The differences in query efficiency became
      slightly greater as database size increased, although they were reduced
      with the addition of system memory. The authors found that EAV/CR queries
      formulated using multiple, simple SQL statements executed in batch were
      more efficient than single, large SQL statements. CONCLUSION: This paper
      describes a pilot project to explore issues in and compare query
      performance for EAV/CR and conventional database representations. Although
      attribute-centered queries were less efficient in the EAV/CR model, these
      inefficiencies may be addressable, at least in part, by the use of more
      powerful hardware or more memory, or both.
AD  - Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
FAU - Chen, R S
AU  - Chen RS
FAU - Nadkarni, P
AU  - Nadkarni P
FAU - Marenco, L
AU  - Marenco L
FAU - Levin, F
AU  - Levin F
FAU - Erdos, J
AU  - Erdos J
FAU - Miller, P L
AU  - Miller PL
LA  - eng
GR  - G08-LM05583/LM/NLM
GR  - T15-LM07056/LM/NLM
GR  - U01-CA78266/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - *Database Management Systems
MH  - Databases/organization & administration
MH  - *Databases, Factual
MH  - Information Storage and Retrieval/*methods
MH  - Microbiology
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):475-87.

PMID- 10984468
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - GEM: a proposal for a more comprehensive guideline document model using
      XML.
PG  - 488-98
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To develop a guideline document model that includes a
      sufficiently broad set of concepts to be useful throughout the guideline
      life cycle. DESIGN: Current guideline document models are limited in that
      they reflect the specific orientation of the stakeholder who created them;
      thus, developers and disseminators often provide few constructs for
      conceptualizing recommendations, while implementers de-emphasize concepts
      related to establishing guideline validity. The authors developed the
      Guideline Elements Model (GEM) using XML to better represent the
      heterogeneous knowledge contained in practice guidelines. Core constructs
      were derived from the Institute of Medicine's Guideline Appraisal
      Instrument, the National Guideline Clearinghouse, and the augmented
      decision table guideline representation. These were supplemented by
      additional concepts from a literature review. RESULTS: The GEM hierarchy
      includes more than 100 elements. Major concepts relate to a guideline's
      identity, developer, purpose, intended audience, method of development,
      target population, knowledge components, testing, and review plan.
      Knowledge components in guideline documents include recommendations (which
      in turn comprise conditionals and imperatives), definitions, and
      algorithms. CONCLUSION: GEM is more comprehensive than existing models and
      is expressively adequate to represent the heterogeneous information
      contained in guidelines. Use of XML contributes to a flexible,
      comprehensible, shareable, and reusable knowledge representation that is
      both readable by human beings and processible by computers.
AD  - Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA. richard.shiffman@yale.edu
FAU - Shiffman, R N
AU  - Shiffman RN
FAU - Karras, B T
AU  - Karras BT
FAU - Agrawal, A
AU  - Agrawal A
FAU - Chen, R
AU  - Chen R
FAU - Marenco, L
AU  - Marenco L
FAU - Nath, S
AU  - Nath S
LA  - eng
GR  - 1-R29-LM-05552/LM/NLM
GR  - T15-LM07056/LM/NLM
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - *Hypermedia
MH  - Models, Theoretical
MH  - *Practice Guidelines
MH  - *Programming Languages
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):488-98.

PMID- 10984469
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20001218
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Corpus-based statistical screening for phrase identification.
PG  - 499-511
AB  - PURPOSE: The authors study the extraction of useful phrases from a natural
      language database by statistical methods. The aim is to leverage human
      effort by providing preprocessed phrase lists with a high percentage of
      useful material. METHOD: The approach is to develop six different scoring
      methods that are based on different aspects of phrase occurrence. The
      emphasis here is not on lexical information or syntactic structure but
      rather on the statistical properties of word pairs and triples that can be
      obtained from a large database. MEASUREMENTS: The Unified Medical Language
      System (UMLS) incorporates a large list of humanly acceptable phrases in
      the medical field as a part of its structure. The authors use this list of
      phrases as a gold standard for validating their methods. A good method is
      one that ranks the UMLS phrases high among all phrases studied.
      Measurements are 11-point average precision values and precision-recall
      curves based on the rankings. RESULT: The authors find of six different
      scoring methods that each proves effective in identifying UMLS quality
      phrases in a large subset of MEDLINE. These methods are applicable both to
      word pairs and word triples. All six methods are optimally combined to
      produce composite scoring methods that are more effective than any single
      method. The quality of the composite methods appears sufficient to support
      the automatic placement of hyperlinks in text at the site of highly ranked
      phrases. CONCLUSION: Statistical scoring methods provide a promising
      approach to the extraction of useful phrases from a natural language
      database for the purpose of indexing or providing hyperlinks in text.
AD  - National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
      wonkim@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
FAU - Kim, W
AU  - Kim W
FAU - Wilbur, W J
AU  - Wilbur WJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
MH  - *Abstracting and Indexing
MH  - *Hypermedia
MH  - Information Storage and Retrieval/*methods
MH  - MEDLINE
MH  - *Natural Language Processing
MH  - Statistics
MH  - *Unified Medical Language System
MH  - Vocabulary, Controlled
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):499-511.

PMID- 10984470
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20001016
DCOM- 20001016
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1067-5027
VI  - 7
IP  - 5
DP  - 2000 Sep-Oct
TI  - Bioinformatics and clinical informatics: the imperative to collaborate.
PG  - 512-6
FAU - Kohane, I S
AU  - Kohane IS
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Editorial
PL  - UNITED STATES
TA  - J Am Med Inform Assoc
JID - 9430800
SB  - IM
CON - J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):431-8. PMID: 10984461
CON - J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):439-43. PMID: 10984462
MH  - *Computational Biology/organization & administration
MH  - Confidentiality
MH  - Cooperative Behavior
MH  - Costs and Cost Analysis
MH  - False Positive Reactions
MH  - Genome, Human
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Medical Informatics/organization & administration
MH  - Vocabulary, Controlled
EDAT- 2000/09/14 11:00
MHDA- 2000/10/21 11:01
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000 Sep-Oct;7(5):512-6.

PMID- 11818032
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021125
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - Kinetic comparison of tissue non-specific and placental human alkaline
      phosphatases expressed in baculovirus infected cells: application to
      screening for Down's syndrome.
PG  - 2
AB  - BACKGROUND: In humans, there are four alkaline phosphatases, and each form
      exhibits a characteristic pattern of tissue distribution. The availability
      of an easy method to reveal their activity has resulted in large amount of
      data reporting correlations between variations in activity and illnesses.
      For example, alkaline phosphatase from neutrophils of mothers pregnant
      with a trisomy 21 fetus (Down's syndrome) displays significant differences
      both in its biochemical and immunological properties, and in its affinity
      for some specific inhibitors. RESULTS: To analyse these differences, the
      biochemical characteristics of two isozymes (non specific and placental
      alkaline phosphatases) were expressed in baculovirus infected cells.
      Comparative analysis of the two proteins allowed us to estimate the
      kinetic constants of denaturation and sensitivity to two inhibitors
      (L-p-bromotetramisole and thiophosphate), allowing better discrimination
      between the two enzymes. These parameters were then used to estimate the
      ratio of the two isoenzymes in neutrophils of pregnant mothers with or
      without a trisomy 21 fetus. It appeared that the placental isozyme
      represented 13% of the total activity of neutrophils of non pregnant
      women. This proportion did not significantly increase with normal
      pregnancy. By contrast, in pregnancies with trisomy 21 fetus, the
      proportion reached 60-80% of activity. CONCLUSION: Over-expression of the
      placental isozyme compared with the tissue-nonspecific form in neutrophils
      of mother with a trisomy 21 fetus may explain why the characteristics of
      the alkaline phosphatase in these cells is different from normal.
      Application of this knowledge could improve the potential of using
      alkaline phosphatase measurements to screen for Down's syndrome.
AD  - Laboratoire de Synthese et Physicochimie de Molecules d'Interet
      Biologique, Universite Paul Sabatier (UMR 5068), 118 route de Narbonne, 31
      062, Toulouse, France. denier@cict.fr
FAU - Denier, Colette C
AU  - Denier CC
FAU - Brisson-Lougarre, Andree A
AU  - Brisson-Lougarre AA
FAU - Biasini, Ghislaine G
AU  - Biasini GG
FAU - Grozdea, Jean J
AU  - Grozdea JJ
FAU - Fournier, Didier D
AU  - Fournier DD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020115
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Isoenzymes)
RN  - 0 (Nitrophenols)
RN  - 0 (Organophosphorus Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (carcinoplacental isoenzymes)
RN  - 13598-51-1 (thiophosphoric acid)
RN  - 330-13-2 (nitrophenylphosphate)
RN  - 5036-02-2 (Tetramisole)
RN  - 6646-46-4 (4-bromotetramisole)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alkaline Phosphatase/*analysis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Baculoviridae/genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Down Syndrome/diagnosis
MH  - Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Enzyme Stability
MH  - Enzyme Tests
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isoenzymes/*analysis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Neutrophils/enzymology
MH  - Nitrophenols/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Organophosphorus Compounds/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Phosphates/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Placenta/*enzymology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Protein Denaturation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tetramisole/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/01/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2001/08/23 [received]
PHST- 2002/01/15 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/01/15 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002;3(1):2. Epub 2002 Jan 15.

PMID- 11825341
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021125
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - Decreased insulin binding to mononuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes from
      dogs after S-nitroso-N-acetypenicillamine administration.
PG  - 1
AB  - BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide (NO) and oxygen free-radicals play an important
      part in the destruction of beta-cells in auto- immune diabetes although
      the precise mechanism of interaction is still not known. This study was
      designed to examine any possible diabetogenic effect of NO by
      investigating any differences in cellular binding of insulin to its
      receptor on the cell membranes of erythrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes
      of dogs treated with the NO donor, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)
      and controls treated with captopril. RESULTS: The result obtained showed
      decreased binding of insulin to its receptor on the cell membranes of
      erythrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes. Mononuclear leucocytes from
      SNAP-treated dogs had decreased ability to bind insulin (16.30 +/- 1.24 %)
      when compared to mononuclear leucocytes from captopril-treated controls
      (20.30 +/- 1.93 %). Similar results were obtained for erythrocytes from
      dogs treated with SNAP (27.20 +/- 1.33 %) compared with dogs treated with
      captopril (34.70 +/- 3.58 %). Scatchard analysis demonstrated that this
      decrease in insulin binding was accounted for by a decrease in insulin
      receptor sites per cell, with mononuclear leucocytes of SNAP-treated dogs
      having 55 % less insulin receptor sites per cell compared with those of
      captopril-treated controls (P < 0.05). Average affinity and kinetic
      analysis revealed a 35 % decrease in the average receptor affinity, with
      mononuclear leucocytes from captopril-treated controls having an empty
      site affinity of 12.36 +/- 1.12 x 10(-8) M(-1) compared with 9.64 +/- 0.11
      x 10(-8) M(-1) in SNAP-treated dogs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results
      suggest that acute alteration of the insulin receptor on the membranes of
      mononuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes occurred in dogs treated with
      S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. These findings suggest the first evidence
      of the novel role of NO as a modulator of insulin binding and the
      involvement of NO in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus.
AD  - Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies,
      Kingston, Jamaica. dmcgrowd@yahoo.com
FAU - McGrowder, Donovan
AU  - McGrowder D
FAU - Ragoobirsingh, Dalip
AU  - Ragoobirsingh D
FAU - Dasgupta, Tara
AU  - Dasgupta T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020102
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Nitric Oxide Donors)
RN  - 11061-68-0 (Insulin)
RN  - 62571-86-2 (Captopril)
RN  - 79032-48-7 (S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Receptor, Insulin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding, Competitive
MH  - Captopril/pharmacology
MH  - Cell Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Erythrocytes/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Insulin/*metabolism
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Nitric Oxide Donors/*pharmacology
MH  - Receptor, Insulin/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/02/05 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2001/08/06 [received]
PHST- 2002/01/02 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/01/02 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002;3(1):1. Epub 2002 Jan 2.

PMID- 11825346
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030424
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - Quality and methods of developing practice guidelines.
PG  - 1
AB  - BACKGROUND: It is not known whether there are differences in the quality
      and recommendations between evidence-based (EB) and consensus-based (CB)
      guidelines. We used breast cancer guidelines as a case study to assess for
      these differences. METHODS: Five different instruments to evaluate the
      quality of guidelines were identified by a literature search. We also
      searched MEDLINE and the Internet to locate 8 breast cancer guidelines.
      These guidelines were classified in three categories: evidence based,
      consensus based and consensus based with no explicit consideration of
      evidence (CB-EB). Each guideline was evaluated by three of the authors
      using each of the instruments. For each guideline we assessed the
      agreement among 14 decision points which were selected from the NCCN
      (National Cancer Comprehensive Network) guidelines algorithm. For each
      decision point we recorded the level of the quality of the information
      used to support it. A regression analysis was performed to assess if the
      percentage of high quality evidence used in the guidelines development was
      related to the overall quality of the guidelines. RESULTS: Three
      guidelines were classified as EB, three as CB-EB and two as CB. The EB
      guidelines scored better than CB, with the CB-EB scoring in the middle
      among all instruments for guidelines quality assessment. No major
      disagreement in recommendations was detected among the guidelines
      regardless of the method used for development, but the EB guidelines had a
      better agreement with the benchmark guideline for any decision point. When
      the source of evidence used to support decision were of high quality, we
      found a higher level of full agreement among the guidelines'
      recommendations. Up to 94% of variation in the quality score among
      guidelines could be explained by the quality of evidence used for
      guidelines development. CONCLUSION: EB guidelines have a better quality
      than CB guidelines and CB-EB guidelines. Explicit use of high quality
      evidence can lead to a better agreement among recommendations. However, no
      major disagreement among guidelines was noted regardless of the method for
      their development.
AD  - H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research institute, the University of
      South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. crusehh@moffitt.usf.edu
      <crusehh@moffitt.usf.edu>
FAU - Cruse, Hugh
AU  - Cruse H
FAU - Winiarek, Magdalena
AU  - Winiarek M
FAU - Marshburn, Jan
AU  - Marshburn J
FAU - Clark, Otavio
AU  - Clark O
FAU - Djulbegovic, Benjamin
AU  - Djulbegovic B
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020111
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Benchmarking
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*therapy
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - *Consensus
MH  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Peer Review, Research
MH  - Practice Guidelines/*standards
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Regional Medical Programs/standards
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - United States
EDAT- 2002/02/05 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/25 05:00
PHST- 2001/10/20 [received]
PHST- 2002/01/11 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/01/11 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002;2(1):1. Epub 2002 Jan 11.

PMID- 11825347
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030424
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - Resource use data by patient report or hospital records: do they agree?
PG  - 2
AB  - BACKGROUND: Economic evaluations alongside clinical trials are becoming
      increasingly common. Cost data are often collected through the use of
      postal questionnaires; however, the accuracy of this method is uncertain.
      We compared postal questionnaires with hospital records for collecting
      data on physiotherapy service use. METHODS: As part of a randomised trial
      of orthopaedic medicine compared with orthopaedic surgery we collected
      physiotherapy use data on a group of patients from retrospective postal
      questionnaires and from hospital records. RESULTS: 315 patients were
      referred for physiotherapy. Hospital data on attendances was available for
      30% (n = 96), compared with 48% (n = 150) of patients completing
      questionnaire data (95% Cl for difference = 10% to 24%); 19% (n = 59) had
      data available from both sources. The two methods produced an intraclass
      correlation coefficient of 0.54 (95% Cl 0.31 to 0.70). However, the two
      methods produced significantly different estimates of resource use with
      patient self report recalling a mean of 1.3 extra visits (95% Cl 0.4 to
      2.2) compared with hospital records. CONCLUSIONS: Using questionnaires in
      this study produced data on a greater number of patients compared with
      examination of hospital records. However, the two data sources did differ
      in the quantity of physiotherapy used and this should be taken into
      account in any analysis.
AD  - Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex,
      UK. hesradk@brunel.ac.uk
FAU - Kennedy, Andrew D M
AU  - Kennedy AD
FAU - Leigh-Brown, Anne P
AU  - Leigh-Brown AP
FAU - Torgerson, David J
AU  - Torgerson DJ
FAU - Campbell, James
AU  - Campbell J
FAU - Grant, Adrian
AU  - Grant A
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20020117
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Female
MH  - Great Britain
MH  - Health Resources/*utilization
MH  - *Hospital Records
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Musculoskeletal Diseases/*therapy
MH  - Orthopedics/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Patient Compliance/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Physical Therapy Department, Hospital/*utilization
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Referral and Consultation
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - *Self Disclosure
EDAT- 2002/02/05 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/25 05:00
PHST- 2001/11/26 [received]
PHST- 2002/01/17 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/01/17 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002;2(1):2. Epub 2002 Jan 17.

PMID- 11835696
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021125
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - Characterization of a protease produced by a Trichoderma harzianum isolate
      which controls cocoa plant witches' broom disease.
PG  - 3
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several Trichoderma strains have been reported to be effective
      in controlling plant diseases, and the action of fungal hydrolytic enzymes
      has been considered as the main mechanism involved in the antagonistic
      process. However, although Trichoderma strains were found to impair
      development of Crinipellis perniciosa, the causal agent of cocoa plant
      witches' broom disease, no fungal strain is available for effective
      control of this disease. We have then undertaken a program of construction
      of hydrolytic enzyme-overproducing Trichoderma strains aiming improvement
      of the fungal antagonistic capacity. The protease of an indian Trichoderma
      isolate showing antagonistic activity against C. perniciosa was purified
      to homogeneity and characterized for its kinetic properties and action on
      the phytopathogen cell wall. RESULTS: A protease produced by the
      Trichoderma harzianum isolate 1051 was purified to homogeneity by
      precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by hydrophobic
      chromatography. The molecular mass of this protease as determined by
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was about 18.8 kDa. Its N-terminal
      amino acid sequence shares no homology with any other protease. The
      purified enzyme substantially affected the cell wall of the phytopathogen
      C. perniciosa. Western-blotting analysis showed that the enzyme was
      present in the culture supernatant 24 h after the Trichoderma started to
      grow in casein-containing liquid medium. CONCLUSIONS: The capacity of the
      Trichoderma harzianum protease to hydrolyze the cell wall of C. perniciosa
      indicates that this enzyme may be actually involved in the antagonistic
      process between the two fungi. This fact strongly suggest that hydrolytic
      enzyme over-producing transgenic fungi may show superior biocontrol
      capacity.
AD  - Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasilia, 70910-900,
      Brasilia, Brazil. jdemarco@uol.com.br
FAU - De Marco, Janice L
AU  - De Marco JL
FAU - Felix, Carlos Roberto
AU  - Felix CR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020122
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (Endopeptidases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Agaricales/*drug effects/ultrastructure
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*analysis/isolation & purification/pharmacology
MH  - Cacao/microbiology
MH  - Cell Wall/drug effects
MH  - Endopeptidases/*analysis/isolation & purification/pharmacology
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Pest Control, Biological
MH  - Plant Diseases/microbiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Trichoderma/*enzymology/isolation & purification
EDAT- 2002/02/12 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2001/09/17 [received]
PHST- 2002/01/22 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/01/22 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002;3(1):3. Epub 2002 Jan 22.

PMID- 11876827
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021125
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - Probing substrate binding to metallo-beta-lactamase L1 from
      Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by using site-directed mutagenesis.
PG  - 4
AB  - BACKGROUND: The metallo-beta-lactamases are Zn(II)-containing enzymes that
      hydrolyze the beta-lactam bond in penicillins, cephalosporins, and
      carbapenems and are involved in bacterial antibiotic resistance. There are
      at least 20 distinct organisms that produce a metallo-beta-lactamase, and
      these enzymes have been extensively studied using X-ray crystallographic,
      computational, kinetic, and inhibition studies; however, much is still
      unknown about how substrates bind and the catalytic mechanism. In an
      effort to probe substrate binding to metallo-beta-lactamase L1 from
      Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, nine site-directed mutants of L1 were
      prepared and characterized using metal analyses, CD spectroscopy, and
      pre-steady state and steady state kinetics. RESULTS: Site-directed
      mutations were generated of amino acids previously predicted to be
      important in substrate binding. Steady-state kinetic studies using the
      mutant enzymes and 9 different substrates demonstrated varying Km and kcat
      values for the different enzymes and substrates and that no direct
      correlation between Km and the effect of the mutation on substrate binding
      could be drawn. Stopped-flow fluorescence studies using nitrocefin as the
      substrate showed that only the S224D and Y228A mutants exhibited weaker
      nitrocefin binding. CONCLUSIONS: The data presented herein indicate that
      Ser224, Ile164, Phe158, Tyr228, and Asn233 are not essential for tight
      binding of substrate to metallo-beta-lactamase L1. The results in this
      work also show that Km values are not reliable for showing substrate
      binding, and there is no correlation between substrate binding and the
      amount of reaction intermediate formed during the reaction. This work
      represents the first experimental testing of one of the computational
      models of the metallo-beta-lactamases.
AD  - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH,
      USA. sutsong@yahoo.com
FAU - Carenbauer, Anne L
AU  - Carenbauer AL
FAU - Garrity, James D
AU  - Garrity JD
FAU - Periyannan, Gopal
AU  - Periyannan G
FAU - Yates, Robert B
AU  - Yates RB
FAU - Crowder, Michael W
AU  - Crowder MW
LA  - eng
GR  - R29 AI40052/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020213
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Carbapenems)
RN  - 0 (Cephalosporins)
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 0 (Penicillins)
RN  - 41906-86-9 (nitrocefin)
RN  - 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine)
RN  - 56-45-1 (Serine)
RN  - 63-91-2 (Phenylalanine)
RN  - 7006-34-0 (Asparagine)
RN  - 73-32-5 (Isoleucine)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.- (beta-lactamase L1)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Asparagine/genetics
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Carbapenems/metabolism
MH  - Cephalosporins/metabolism
MH  - Computational Biology
MH  - Isoleucine/genetics
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Metals/analysis
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Penicillins/metabolism
MH  - Phenylalanine/genetics
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Serine/genetics
MH  - Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/*enzymology
MH  - Tyrosine/genetics
MH  - beta-Lactamases/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/03/06 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2001/11/06 [received]
PHST- 2002/02/13 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/02/13 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002;3(1):4. Epub 2002 Feb 13.

PMID- 11882257
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030424
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - What kind of evidence is it that Evidence-Based Medicine advocates want
      health care providers and consumers to pay attention to?
PG  - 3
AB  - BACKGROUND: In 1992, Evidence-Based Medicine advocates proclaimed a "new
      paradigm", in which evidence from health care research is the best basis
      for decisions for individual patients and health systems. Hailed in New
      York Times Magazine in 2001 as one of the most influential ideas of the
      year, this approach was initially and provocatively pitted against the
      traditional teaching of medicine, in which the key elements of knowing for
      clinical purposes are understanding of basic pathophysiologic mechanisms
      of disease coupled with clinical experience. This paper reviews the
      origins, aspirations, philosophical limitations, and practical challenges
      of evidence-based medicine. DISCUSSION: EBM has long since evolved beyond
      its initial (mis)conception, that EBM might replace traditional medicine.
      EBM is now attempting to augment rather than replace individual clinical
      experience and understanding of basic disease mechanisms. EBM must
      continue to evolve, however, to address a number of issues including
      scientific underpinnings, moral stance and consequences, and practical
      matters of dissemination and application. For example, accelerating the
      transfer of research findings into clinical practice is often based on
      incomplete evidence from selected groups of people, who experience a
      marginal benefit from an expensive technology, raising issues of the
      generalizability of the findings, and increasing problems with how many
      and who can afford the new innovations in care. SUMMARY: Advocates of
      evidence-based medicine want clinicians and consumers to pay attention to
      the best findings from health care research that are both valid and ready
      for clinical application. Much remains to be done to reach this goal.
AD  - Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Health
      Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
      bhaynes@mcmaster.ca
FAU - Haynes, R Brian
AU  - Haynes RB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020306
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - *Decision Making
MH  - Diffusion of Innovation
MH  - *Evidence-Based Medicine/ethics/trends
MH  - *Health Services Research
MH  - Humans
MH  - Knowledge
MH  - Patient Participation
MH  - Physician's Practice Patterns
MH  - Practice Guidelines
MH  - Probability
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Resource Allocation/ethics
MH  - Uncertainty
EDAT- 2002/03/08 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/25 05:00
PHST- 2001/12/24 [received]
PHST- 2002/03/06 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/03/06 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002;2(1):3. Epub 2002 Mar 6.

PMID- 11884248
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030424
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002
TI  - Reporting of measures of accuracy in systematic reviews of diagnostic
      literature.
PG  - 4
AB  - BACKGROUND: There are a variety of ways in which accuracy of clinical
      tests can be summarised in systematic reviews. Variation in reporting of
      summary measures has only been assessed in a small survey restricted to
      meta-analyses of screening studies found in a single database. Therefore,
      we performed this study to assess the measures of accuracy used for
      reporting results of primary studies as well as their meta-analysis in
      systematic reviews of test accuracy studies. METHODS: Relevant reviews on
      test accuracy were selected from the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of
      Effectiveness (1994-2000), which electronically searches seven
      bibliographic databases and manually searches key resources. The
      structured abstracts of these reviews were screened and information on
      accuracy measures was extracted from the full texts of 90 relevant
      reviews, 60 of which used meta-analysis. RESULTS: Sensitivity or
      specificity was used for reporting the results of primary studies in 65/90
      (72%) reviews, predictive values in 26/90 (28%), and likelihood ratios in
      20/90 (22%). For meta-analysis, pooled sensitivity or specificity was used
      in 35/60 (58%) reviews, pooled predictive values in 11/60 (18%), pooled
      likelihood ratios in 13/60 (22%), and pooled diagnostic odds ratio in 5/60
      (8%). Summary ROC was used in 44/60 (73%) of the meta-analyses. There were
      no significant differences in measures of test accuracy among reviews
      published earlier (1994-97) and those published later (1998-2000).
      CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable variation in ways of reporting and
      summarising results of test accuracy studies in systematic reviews. There
      is a need for consensus about the best ways of reporting results of test
      accuracy studies in reviews.
AD  - Academic Dept, of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Birmingham Women's Hospital,
      Birmingham B15 2TG, United Kingdom. h.honest@bham.ac.uk
FAU - Honest, Honest
AU  - Honest H
FAU - Khan, Khalid S
AU  - Khan KS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020307
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Bias (Epidemiology)
MH  - *Data Interpretation, Statistical
MH  - Databases, Bibliographic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Laboratory Techniques and Procedures/*standards
MH  - *Meta-Analysis
MH  - Pathology, Clinical/*standards
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Design/*standards
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Review Literature
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
EDAT- 2002/03/09 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/25 05:00
PHST- 2001/09/05 [received]
PHST- 2002/03/07 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/03/07 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002;2(1):4. Epub 2002 Mar 7.

PMID- 11914161
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030422
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Mar 21
TI  - A randomised controlled trial of a patient based Diabetes Recall and
      Management System: the DREAM trial: a study protocol [ISRCTN32042030].
PG  - 5
AB  - BACKGROUND: Whilst there is broad agreement on what constitutes high
      quality health care for people with diabetes, there is little consensus on
      the most efficient way of delivering it. Structured recall systems can
      improve the quality of care but the systems evaluated to date have been of
      limited sophistication and the evaluations have been carried out in small
      numbers of relatively unrepresentative settings. Hartlepool, Easington and
      Stockton currently operate a computerised diabetes register which has to
      date produced improvements in the quality of care but performance has now
      plateaued leaving substantial scope for further improvement. This study
      will evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of an area wide 'extended'
      system incorporating a full structured recall and management system,
      actively involving patients and including clinical management prompts to
      primary care clinicians based on locally-adapted evidence based
      guidelines. METHODS: The study design is a two-armed cluster randomised
      controlled trial of 61 practices incorporating evaluations of the
      effectiveness of the system, its economic impact and its impact on patient
      wellbeing and functioning.
AD  - Centre for Health Services Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle
      upon Tyne, UK. martin.eccles@ncl.ac.uk <martin.eccles@ncl.ac.uk>
FAU - Eccles, Martin
AU  - Eccles M
FAU - Hawthorne, Gillian
AU  - Hawthorne G
FAU - Whitty, Paula
AU  - Whitty P
FAU - Steen, Nick
AU  - Steen N
FAU - Vanoli, Alessandra
AU  - Vanoli A
FAU - Grimshaw, Jeremy
AU  - Grimshaw J
FAU - Wood, Linda
AU  - Wood L
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20020321
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - *Database Management Systems
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/*prevention & control
MH  - Efficiency, Organizational
MH  - England
MH  - *Evidence-Based Medicine
MH  - Family Practice/organization & administration/*standards
MH  - Guideline Adherence
MH  - Humans
MH  - Medical Audit
MH  - Patient Compliance
MH  - Preventive Health Services/standards/utilization
MH  - Primary Health Care/organization & administration/standards
MH  - Quality Assurance, Health Care/*organization & administration
MH  - Registries
MH  - *Reminder Systems
EDAT- 2002/03/27 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/23 05:00
PHST- 2001/12/14 [received]
PHST- 2002/03/21 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/03/21 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Mar 21;2(1):5.

PMID- 11914162
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Mar 25
TI  - Organization specific predictors of job satisfaction: findings from a
      Canadian multi-site quality of work life cross-sectional survey.
PG  - 6
AB  - BACKGROUND: Organizational features can affect how staff view their
      quality of work life. Determining staff perceptions about quality of work
      life is an important consideration for employers interested in improving
      employee job satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to identify
      organization specific predictors of job satisfaction within a health care
      system that consisted of six independent health care organizations.
      METHODS: 5,486 full, part and causal time (non-physician) staff on active
      payroll within six organizations (2 community hospitals, 1 community
      hospital/long-term care facility, 1 long-term care facility, 1 tertiary
      care/community health centre, and 1 visiting nursing agency) located in
      five communities in Central West Ontario, Canada were asked to complete a
      65-item quality of work life survey. The self-administered questionnaires
      collected staff perceptions of: co-worker and supervisor support; teamwork
      and communication; job demands and decision authority; organization
      characteristics; patient/resident care; compensation and benefits; staff
      training and development; and impressions of the organization.
      Socio-demographic data were also collected. RESULTS: Depending on the
      organization, between 15 and 30 (of the 40 potential predictor) variables
      were found to be statistically associated with job satisfaction
      (univariate analyses). Logistic regression analyses identified the best
      predictors of job satisfaction and these are presented for each of the six
      organizations and for all organizations combined. CONCLUSIONS: The
      findings indicate that job satisfaction is a multidimensional construct
      and although there appear to be some commonalities across organizations,
      some predictors of job satisfaction appear to be organization and context
      specific.
AD  - St, Joseph's Health System Research Network, Father Sean O'Sullivan
      Research Centre, Hamilton, Ontario. kruegerp@mcmaster.ca
FAU - Krueger, Paul
AU  - Krueger P
FAU - Brazil, Kevin
AU  - Brazil K
FAU - Lohfeld, Lynne
AU  - Lohfeld L
FAU - Edward, H Gayle
AU  - Edward HG
FAU - Lewis, David
AU  - Lewis D
FAU - Tjam, Erin
AU  - Tjam E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020325
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - Communication
MH  - Community Health Centers/organization & administration
MH  - Community Health Nursing/organization & administration
MH  - Decision Making, Organizational
MH  - Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/*organization & administration
MH  - Female
MH  - Forecasting
MH  - Hospitals, Community/organization & administration
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Job Satisfaction
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Ontario
MH  - Patient Care Team
MH  - Personnel Management/*methods
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Residential Facilities/organization & administration
EDAT- 2002/03/27 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2001/10/01 [received]
PHST- 2002/03/25 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/03/25 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Mar 25;2(1):6.

PMID- 11914163
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Mar 25
TI  - Outcomes research in the development and evaluation of practice
      guidelines.
PG  - 7
AB  - BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines have been developed in response to the
      observation that variations exist in clinical medicine that are not
      related to variations in the clinical presentation and severity of the
      disease. Despite their widespread use, however, practice guideline
      evaluation lacks a rigorous scientific methodology to support its
      development and application. DISCUSSION: Firstly, we review the major
      epidemiological foundations of practice guideline development. Secondly,
      we propose a chronic disease epidemiological model in which practice
      patterns are viewed as the exposure and outcomes of interest such as
      quality or cost are viewed as the disease. Sources of selection,
      information, confounding and temporal trend bias are identified and
      discussed. SUMMARY: The proposed methodological framework for outcomes
      research to evaluate practice guidelines reflects the selection,
      information and confounding biases inherent in its observational nature
      which must be accounted for in both the design and the analysis phases of
      any outcomes research study.
AD  - Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill
      University Health Center, Montreal, Canada. louise.pilote@mcgill.ca
FAU - Pilote, Louise
AU  - Pilote L
FAU - Tager, Ira B
AU  - Tager IB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020325
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Biomedical Research
MH  - Chronic Disease/*epidemiology/therapy
MH  - Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - Databases
MH  - Epidemiologic Methods
MH  - Evaluation Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/*methods
MH  - Physician's Practice Patterns/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Practice Guidelines/*standards
MH  - Selection Bias
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Uncertainty
EDAT- 2002/03/27 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2001/10/01 [received]
PHST- 2002/03/25 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/03/25 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Mar 25;2(1):7.

PMID- 11914164
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Mar 26
TI  - Inter-rater agreement in the scoring of abstracts submitted to a primary
      care research conference.
PG  - 8
AB  - BACKGROUND: Checklists for peer review aim to guide referees when
      assessing the quality of papers, but little evidence exists on the extent
      to which referees agree when evaluating the same paper. The aim of this
      study was to investigate agreement on dimensions of a checklist between
      two referees when evaluating abstracts submitted for a primary care
      conference. METHODS: Anonymised abstracts were scored using a structured
      assessment comprising seven categories. Between one (poor) and four
      (excellent) marks were awarded for each category, giving a maximum
      possible score of 28 marks. Every abstract was assessed independently by
      two referees and agreement measured using intraclass correlation
      coefficients. Mean total scores of abstracts accepted and rejected for the
      meeting were compared using an unpaired t test. RESULTS: Of 52 abstracts,
      agreement between reviewers was greater for three components relating to
      study design (adjusted intraclass correlation coefficients 0.40 to 0.45)
      compared to four components relating to more subjective elements such as
      the importance of the study and likelihood of provoking discussion (0.01
      to 0.25). Mean score for accepted abstracts was significantly greater than
      those that were rejected (17.4 versus 14.6, 95% CI for difference 1.3 to
      4.1, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that inclusion of
      subjective components in a review checklist may result in greater
      disagreement between reviewers. However in terms of overall quality
      scores, abstracts accepted for the meeting were rated significantly higher
      than those that were rejected.
AD  - Division of Primary Health Care, University of Bristol, Cotham House,
      Cotham Hill, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK. alan.a.montgomery@bristol.ac.uk
FAU - Montgomery, Alan A
AU  - Montgomery AA
FAU - Graham, Anna
AU  - Graham A
FAU - Evans, Philip H
AU  - Evans PH
FAU - Fahey, Tom
AU  - Fahey T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020326
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Abstracting and Indexing/classification/*standards
MH  - Congresses
MH  - *Consensus
MH  - Data Interpretation, Statistical
MH  - Great Britain
MH  - Humans
MH  - Judgment
MH  - Manuscripts, Medical
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Peer Review, Research/methods/*standards
MH  - Primary Health Care
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/03/27 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2001/12/03 [received]
PHST- 2002/03/26 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/03/26 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Mar 26;2(1):8.

PMID- 11943069
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021122
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Mar 27
TI  - The Caenorhabditis elegans Y87G2A.14 Nudix hydrolase is a peroxisomal
      coenzyme A diphosphatase.
PG  - 5
AB  - BACKGROUND: The number of Nudix hydrolase family members varies widely
      among different organisms. In order to understand the reasons for the
      particular spectrum possessed by a given organism, the substrate
      specificity and function of different family members must be established.
      RESULTS: The Y87G2A.14 Nudix hydrolase gene product of Caenorhabditis
      elegans has been expressed as a thioredoxin fusion protein in Escherichia
      coli and shown to be a CoA diphosphatase with catalytic activity towards
      CoA and its derivatives. The products of CoA hydrolysis were 3',5'-ADP and
      4'-phosphopantetheine with Km and kcat values of 220 microM and 13.8 s(-1)
      respectively. CoA esters yielded 3',5'-ADP and the corresponding
      acyl-phosphopantetheine. Activity was optimal at pH 9.5 with 5 mM Mg2+ and
      fluoride was inhibitory with a Ki of 3 microM. The Y87G2A.14 gene product
      has a potential C-terminal tripeptide PTS1 peroxisomal targeting signal -
      SKI. By fusing a Y87G2A.14 cDNA to the C-terminus of yeast-enhanced green
      fluorescent protein, the enzyme appeared to be targeted to peroxisomes by
      the SKI signal when transfected into yeast cells. Deletion of SKI
      abolished specific targeting. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of related
      sequences with potential PTS1 or PTS2 peroxisomal targeting signals in
      other organisms suggests a conserved peroxisomal function for the CoA
      diphosphatase members of this group of Nudix hydrolases.
AD  - School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of
      Liverpool, P,O, Box 147, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. salamara@liv.ac.uk
FAU - AbdelRaheim, Salama R
AU  - AbdelRaheim SR
FAU - McLennan, Alexander G
AU  - McLennan AG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020327
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 85-61-0 (Coenzyme A)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (Pyrophosphatases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (nudix hydrolase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Caenorhabditis elegans/*enzymology
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Coenzyme A/*metabolism
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Peroxisomes/*metabolism
MH  - Pyrophosphatases/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Substrate Specificity
EDAT- 2002/04/12 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2002/02/12 [received]
PHST- 2002/03/27 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/03/27 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Mar 27;3(1):5.

PMID- 11972899
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021122
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Apr 24
TI  - Interconversion of Anthozoa GFP-like fluorescent and non-fluorescent
      proteins by mutagenesis.
PG  - 7
AB  - BACKGROUND: Within the family of green fluorescent protein (GFP) homologs,
      one can mark two main groups, specifically, fluorescent proteins (FPs) and
      non-fluorescent or chromoproteins (CPs). Structural background of
      differences between FPs and CPs are poorly understood to date. RESULTS:
      Here, we applied site-directed and random mutagenesis in order to to
      transform CP into FP and vice versa. A purple chromoprotein asCP (asFP595)
      from Anemonia sulcata and a red fluorescent protein DsRed from Discosoma
      sp. were selected as representatives of CPs and FPs, respectively. For
      asCP, some substitutions at positions 148 and 165 (numbering in accordance
      to GFP) were found to dramatically increase quantum yield of red
      fluorescence. For DsRed, substitutions at positions 148, 165, 167, and 203
      significantly decreased fluorescence intensity, so that the spectral
      characteristics of these mutants became more close to those of CPs.
      Finally, a practically non-fluorescent mutant DsRed-NF was generated. This
      mutant carried four amino acid substitutions, specifically, S148C, I165N,
      K167M, and S203A. DsRed-NF possessed a high extinction coefficient and an
      extremely low quantum yield (< 0.001). These spectral characteristics
      allow one to regard DsRed-NF as a true chromoprotein. CONCLUSIONS: We
      located a novel point in asCP sequence (position 165) mutations at which
      can result in red fluorescence appearance. Probably, this finding could be
      applied onto other CPs to generate red and far-red fluorescent mutants. A
      possibility to transform an FP into CP was demonstrated. Key role of
      residues adjacent to chromophore's phenolic ring in
      fluorescent/non-fluorescent states determination was revealed.
AD  - Shemiakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS,
      Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia. biomasha@mail.ru
FAU - Bulina, Maria E
AU  - Bulina ME
FAU - Chudakov, Dmitry M
AU  - Chudakov DM
FAU - Mudrik, Nikolay N
AU  - Mudrik NN
FAU - Lukyanov, Konstantin A
AU  - Lukyanov KA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020424
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (FP595 protein, Anemonia sulcata)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (fluorescent protein 583)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - *Anthozoa
MH  - Fluorescence
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Spectrometry, Fluorescence
EDAT- 2002/04/26 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2001/12/14 [received]
PHST- 2002/04/24 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/04/24 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Apr 24;3(1):7.

PMID- 11996675
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 May 7
TI  - Hisactophilin is involved in osmoprotection in Dictyostelium.
PG  - 10
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dictyostelium cells exhibit an unusual stress response as they
      protect themselves against hyperosmotic stress. Cytoskeletal proteins are
      recruited from the cytosolic pool to the cell cortex, thereby reinforcing
      it. In order to gain more insight into the osmoprotective mechanisms of
      this amoeba, we used 1-D and 2-D gel electrophoresis to identify new
      proteins that are translocated during osmotic shock. RESULTS: We
      identified hisactophilin as one of the proteins that are enriched in the
      cytoskeletal fraction during osmotic shock. In mutants lacking
      hisactophilin, viability is reduced under hyperosmotic stress conditions.
      In wild type cells, serine phosphorylation of hisactophilin was
      specifically induced by hypertonicity, but not when other stress
      conditions were imposed on cells. The phosphorylation kinetics reveals a
      slow accumulation of phosphorylated hisactophilin from 20-60 min after
      onset of the hyperosmotic shock condition. CONCLUSION: In the present
      study, we identified hisactophilin as an essential protein for the
      osmoprotection of Dictyostelium cells. The observed phosphorylation
      kinetics suggest that hisactophilin regulation is involved in long-term
      osmoprotection and that phosphorylation occurs in parallel with
      inactivation of the dynamic actin cytoskeleton.
AD  - Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany.
      pintsch@switch-biotech.com
FAU - Pintsch, Tanja
AU  - Pintsch T
FAU - Zischka, Hans
AU  - Zischka H
FAU - Schuster, Stephan C
AU  - Schuster SC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020507
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Hypertonic Solutions)
RN  - 0 (Microfilament Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Protozoan Proteins)
RN  - 122962-20-3 (hisactophilin protein, Protozoan)
RN  - 50-70-4 (Sorbitol)
RN  - 56-45-1 (Serine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carrier Proteins/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Division/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Cytoskeleton/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Dictyostelium/cytology/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
MH  - Hypertonic Solutions/pharmacology
MH  - *Microfilament Proteins
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Osmotic Pressure
MH  - Phosphorylation/drug effects
MH  - Protozoan Proteins/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Serine/metabolism
MH  - Sorbitol/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2001/12/19 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/07 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/05/07 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 May 7;3(1):10.

PMID- 11997336
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - A complete sequence of the T. tengcongensis genome.
PG  - 689-700
AB  - Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis is a rod-shaped, gram-negative, anaerobic
      eubacterium that was isolated from a freshwater hot spring in Tengchong,
      China. Using a whole-genome-shotgun method, we sequenced its 2,689,445-bp
      genome from an isolate, MB4(T) (Genbank accession no. AE008691). The
      genome encodes 2588 predicted coding sequences (CDS). Among them, 1764
      (68.2%) are classified according to homology to other documented proteins,
      and the rest, 824 CDS (31.8%), are functionally unknown. One of the
      interesting features of the T. tengcongensis genome is that 86.7% of its
      genes are encoded on the leading strand of DNA replication. Based on
      protein sequence similarity, the T. tengcongensis genome is most similar
      to that of Bacillus halodurans, a mesophilic eubacterium, among all fully
      sequenced prokaryotic genomes up to date. Computational analysis on genes
      involved in basic metabolic pathways supports the experimental discovery
      that T. tengcongensis metabolizes sugars as principal energy and carbon
      source and utilizes thiosulfate and element sulfur, but not sulfate, as
      electron acceptors. T. tengcongensis, as a gram-negative rod by empirical
      definitions (such as staining), shares many genes that are characteristics
      of gram-positive bacteria whereas it is missing molecular components
      unique to gram-negative bacteria. A strong correlation between the G + C
      content of tDNA and rDNA genes and the optimal growth temperature is found
      among the sequenced thermophiles. It is concluded that thermophiles are a
      biologically and phylogenetically divergent group of prokaryotes that have
      converged to sustain extreme environmental conditions over evolutionary
      timescale.
AD  - Beijing Genomics Institute/Genomics and Bioinformatics Center, Institute
      of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS),
      Beijing 100101, China.
FAU - Bao, Qiyu
AU  - Bao Q
FAU - Tian, Yuqing
AU  - Tian Y
FAU - Li, Wei
AU  - Li W
FAU - Xu, Zuyuan
AU  - Xu Z
FAU - Xuan, Zhenyu
AU  - Xuan Z
FAU - Hu, Songnian
AU  - Hu S
FAU - Dong, Wei
AU  - Dong W
FAU - Yang, Jian
AU  - Yang J
FAU - Chen, Yanjiong
AU  - Chen Y
FAU - Xue, Yanfen
AU  - Xue Y
FAU - Xu, Yi
AU  - Xu Y
FAU - Lai, Xiaoqin
AU  - Lai X
FAU - Huang, Li
AU  - Huang L
FAU - Dong, Xiuzhu
AU  - Dong X
FAU - Ma, Yanhe
AU  - Ma Y
FAU - Ling, Lunjiang
AU  - Ling L
FAU - Tan, Huarong
AU  - Tan H
FAU - Chen, Runsheng
AU  - Chen R
FAU - Wang, Jian
AU  - Wang J
FAU - Yu, Jun
AU  - Yu J
FAU - Yang, Huanming
AU  - Yang H
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AE008691
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Codon)
RN  - 7704-34-9 (Sulfur)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacillaceae/cytology/*genetics/metabolism/physiology
MH  - Base Composition/genetics
MH  - Codon/genetics
MH  - DNA Repair/genetics
MH  - DNA Replication/genetics
MH  - GC Rich Sequence/genetics
MH  - Genes, Structural, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - *Genome, Bacterial
MH  - Genomics/methods
MH  - Heat
MH  - Ion Transport/genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Oxygen Consumption/genetics
MH  - Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Recombination, Genetic/genetics
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
MH  - Replication Origin/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
MH  - Sulfur/metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.219302 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):689-700.

PMID- 11997337
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Identification of a novel cis-regulatory element involved in the heat
      shock response in Caenorhabditis elegans using microarray gene expression
      and computational methods.
PG  - 701-12
AB  - We report here the identification of a previously unknown transcription
      regulatory element for heat shock (HS) genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. We
      monitored the expression pattern of 11,917 genes from C. elegans to
      determine the genes that were up-regulated on HS. Twenty eight genes were
      observed to be consistently up-regulated in several different repetitions
      of the experiments. We analyzed the upstream regions of these genes using
      computational DNA pattern recognition methods. Two potential
      cis-regulatory motifs were identified in this way. One of these motifs
      (TTCTAGAA) was the DNA binding motif for the heat shock factor (HSF),
      whereas the other (GGGTGTC) was previously unreported in the literature.
      We determined the significance of these motifs for the HS genes using
      different statistical tests and parameters. Comparative sequence analysis
      of orthologous HS genes from C. elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae
      indicated that the identified DNA regulatory motifs are conserved across
      related species. The role of the identified DNA sites in regulation of HS
      genes was tested by in vitro mutagenesis of a green fluorescent protein
      (GFP) reporter transgene driven by the C. elegans hsp-16-2 promoter. DNA
      sites corresponding to both motifs are shown to play a significant role in
      up-regulation of the hsp-16-2 gene on HS. This is one of the rare
      instances in which a novel regulatory element, identified using
      computational methods, is shown to be biologically active. The
      contributions of individual sites toward induction of transcription on HS
      are nonadditive, which indicates interaction and cross-talk between the
      sites, possibly through the transcription factors (TFs) binding to these
      sites.
AD  - Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St.
      Louis, Missouri 63114, USA.
FAU - GuhaThakurta, Debraj
AU  - GuhaThakurta D
FAU - Palomar, Lisanne
AU  - Palomar L
FAU - Stormo, Gary D
AU  - Stormo GD
FAU - Tedesco, Pat
AU  - Tedesco P
FAU - Johnson, Thomas E
AU  - Johnson TE
FAU - Walker, David W
AU  - Walker DW
FAU - Lithgow, Gordon
AU  - Lithgow G
FAU - Kim, Stuart
AU  - Kim S
FAU - Link, Christopher D
AU  - Link CD
LA  - eng
GR  - AG12423/AG/NIA
GR  - HG00249/HG/NHGRI
GR  - R25 GM62495-01/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
EIN - Genome Res 2002 Aug;12(8):1301
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Computational Biology/*methods
MH  - Conserved Sequence/genetics
MH  - DNA/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling/*methods
MH  - Genes, Structural, Helminth/genetics
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Heat-Shock Response/*genetics
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/biosynthesis
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed/genetics
MH  - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/*methods
MH  - Probability
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics
MH  - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*physiology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Up-Regulation/genetics
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.228902 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):701-12.

PMID- 11997338
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041203
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Genes in a refined Smith-Magenis syndrome critical deletion interval on
      chromosome 17p11.2 and the syntenic region of the mouse.
PG  - 713-28
AB  - Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomaly/mental
      retardation syndrome associated with behavioral abnormalities and sleep
      disturbance. Most patients have the same approximately 4 Mb interstitial
      genomic deletion within chromosome 17p11.2. To investigate the molecular
      bases of the SMS phenotype, we constructed BAC/PAC contigs covering the
      SMS common deletion interval and its syntenic region on mouse chromosome
      11. Comparative genome analysis reveals the absence of all three
      approximately 200-kb SMS-REP low-copy repeats in the mouse and indicates
      that the evolution of SMS-REPs was accompanied by transposition of
      adjacent genes. Physical and genetic map comparisons in humans reveal
      reduced recombination in both sexes. Moreover, by examining the deleted
      regions in SMS patients with unusual-sized deletions, we refined the
      minimal Smith-Magenis critical region (SMCR) to an approximately 1.1-Mb
      genomic interval that is syntenic to an approxiamtely 1.0-Mb region in the
      mouse. Genes within the SMCR and its mouse syntenic region were identified
      by homology searches and by gene prediction programs, and their gene
      structures and expression profiles were characterized. In addition to 12
      genes previously mapped, we identified 8 new genes and 10 predicted genes
      in the SMCR. In the mouse syntenic region of the human SMCR, 16 genes and
      6 predicted genes were identified. The SMCR is highly conserved between
      humans and mice, including 19 genes with the same gene order and
      orientation. Our findings will facilitate both the identification of
      gene(s) responsible for the SMS phenotype and the engineering of an SMS
      mouse model.
AD  - Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine,
      Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
FAU - Bi, Weimin
AU  - Bi W
FAU - Yan, Jiong
AU  - Yan J
FAU - Stankiewicz, Pawe
AU  - Stankiewicz P
FAU - Park, Sung-Sup
AU  - Park SS
FAU - Walz, Katherina
AU  - Walz K
FAU - Boerkoel, Cornelius F
AU  - Boerkoel CF
FAU - Potocki, Lorraine
AU  - Potocki L
FAU - Shaffer, Lisa G
AU  - Shaffer LG
FAU - Devriendt, Koen
AU  - Devriendt K
FAU - Nowaczyk, Magorzata J M
AU  - Nowaczyk MJ
FAU - Inoue, Ken
AU  - Inoue K
FAU - Lupski, James R
AU  - Lupski JR
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 CA75719/CA/NCI
GR  - P01 HD38420/HD/NICHD
GR  - R01 NS27042/NS/NINDS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Chaperonins)
RN  - 0 (Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage)
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.6.3.14 (ATPAF2 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.6.3.14 (Proton-Translocating ATPases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Abnormalities, Multiple/*genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Chaperonins
MH  - *Chromosome Deletion
MH  - Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage/genetics
MH  - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/*genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Contig Mapping/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Fungal Proteins/genetics
MH  - Gene Order/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mental Retardation/*genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Physical Chromosome Mapping/methods
MH  - *Proton-Translocating ATPases
MH  - Pseudogenes/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
MH  - Syndrome
MH  - Synteny/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.73702 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):713-28.

PMID- 11997339
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Structure and evolution of the Smith-Magenis syndrome repeat gene
      clusters, SMS-REPs.
PG  - 729-38
AB  - An approximately 4-Mb genomic segment on chromosome 17p11.2, commonly
      deleted in patients with the Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) and duplicated
      in patients with dup(17)(p11.2p11.2) syndrome, is flanked by large,
      complex low-copy repeats (LCRs), termed proximal and distal SMS-REP. A
      third copy, the middle SMS-REP, is located between them. SMS-REPs are
      believed to mediate nonallelic homologous recombination, resulting in both
      SMS deletions and reciprocal duplications. To delineate the genomic
      structure and evolutionary origin of SMS-REPs, we constructed a bacterial
      artificial chromosome/P1 artificial chromosome contig spanning the entire
      SMS region, including the SMS-REPs, determined its genomic sequence, and
      used fluorescence in situ hybridization to study the evolution of SMS-REP
      in several primate species. Our analysis shows that both the proximal
      SMS-REP (approximately 256 kb) and the distal copy (approximately 176 kb)
      are located in the same orientation and derived from a progenitor copy,
      whereas the middle SMS-REP (approximately 241 kb) is inverted and appears
      to have been derived from the proximal copy. The SMS-REP LCRs are highly
      homologous (>98%) and contain at least 14 genes/pseudogenes each. SMS-REPs
      are not present in mice and were duplicated after the divergence of New
      World monkeys from pre-monkeys approximately 40-65 million years ago. Our
      findings potentially explain why the vast majority of SMS deletions and
      dup(17)(p11.2p11.2) occur at proximal and distal SMS-REPs and further
      support previous observations that higher-order genomic architecture
      involving LCRs arose recently during primate speciation and may predispose
      the human genome to both meiotic and mitotic rearrangements.
AD  - Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine,
      Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
FAU - Park, Sung-Sup
AU  - Park SS
FAU - Stankiewicz, Pawel
AU  - Stankiewicz P
FAU - Bi, Weimin
AU  - Bi W
FAU - Shaw, Christine
AU  - Shaw C
FAU - Lehoczky, Jessica
AU  - Lehoczky J
FAU - Dewar, Ken
AU  - Dewar K
FAU - Birren, Bruce
AU  - Birren B
FAU - Lupski, James R
AU  - Lupski JR
LA  - eng
GR  - PO1 HD39420/HD/NICHD
GR  - R01 NS27042/NS/NINDS
GR  - U54 HG02045/HG/NHGRI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
SB  - IM
MH  - Abnormalities, Multiple/*genetics
MH  - Base Composition/genetics
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Line, Transformed
MH  - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
MH  - Cloning, Molecular/methods
MH  - Contig Mapping/methods
MH  - DNA Fingerprinting/methods
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Gene Dosage
MH  - Gene Duplication
MH  - Genome, Human
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mental Retardation/*genetics
MH  - Multigene Family/*genetics
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Alignment/methods
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Syndrome
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.82802 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):729-38.

PMID- 11997340
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Discovery of regulatory elements by a computational method for
      phylogenetic footprinting.
PG  - 739-48
AB  - Phylogenetic footprinting is a method for the discovery of regulatory
      elements in a set of orthologous regulatory regions from multiple species.
      It does so by identifying the best conserved motifs in those orthologous
      regions. We describe a computer algorithm designed specifically for this
      purpose, making use of the phylogenetic relationships among the sequences
      under study to make more accurate predictions. The program is guaranteed
      to report all sets of motifs with the lowest parsimony scores, calculated
      with respect to the phylogenetic tree relating the input species. We
      report the results of this algorithm on several data sets of interest. A
      large number of known functional binding sites are identified by our
      method, but we also find several highly conserved motifs for which no
      function is yet known.
AD  - Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington,
      Seattle, Washington 98195-2350, USA.
FAU - Blanchette, Mathieu
AU  - Blanchette M
FAU - Tompa, Martin
AU  - Tompa M
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Fish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-3)
RN  - 11061-68-0 (Insulin)
RN  - 122784-93-4 (growth hormone type I, Salmo salar)
RN  - 9002-72-6 (Growth Hormone)
RN  - 9038-94-2 (Metallothionein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Animals
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Computational Biology/*methods
MH  - DNA Footprinting/*methods
MH  - *Fish Proteins
MH  - Genes, fos/genetics
MH  - Genes, myc/genetics
MH  - Growth Hormone/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/genetics
MH  - Interleukin-3/genetics
MH  - Introns/genetics
MH  - Metallothionein/genetics
MH  - Multigene Family/genetics
MH  - *Phylogeny
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics
MH  - Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.6902 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):739-48.

PMID- 11997341
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041203
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Transcriptional regulation of the stem cell leukemia gene
      (SCL)--comparative analysis of five vertebrate SCL loci.
PG  - 749-59
AB  - The stem cell leukemia (SCL) gene encodes a bHLH transcription factor with
      a pivotal role in hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis and a pattern of
      expression that is highly conserved between mammals and zebrafish. Here we
      report the isolation and characterization of the zebrafish SCL locus
      together with the identification of three neighboring genes, IER5, MAP17,
      and MUPP1. This region spans 68 kb and comprises the longest zebrafish
      genomic sequence currently available for comparison with mammalian,
      chicken, and pufferfish sequences. Our data show conserved synteny between
      zebrafish and mammalian SCL and MAP17 loci, thus suggesting the likely
      genomic domain necessary for the conserved pattern of SCL expression.
      Long-range comparative sequence analysis/phylogenetic footprinting was
      used to identify noncoding conserved sequences representing candidate
      transcriptional regulatory elements. The SCL promoter/enhancer, exon 1,
      and the poly(A) region were highly conserved, but no homology to other
      known mouse SCL enhancers was detected in the zebrafish sequence. A
      combined homology/structure analysis of the poly(A) region predicted
      consistent structural features, suggesting a conserved functional role in
      mRNA regulation. Analysis of the SCL promoter/enhancer revealed five
      motifs, which were conserved from zebrafish to mammals, and each of which
      is essential for the appropriate pattern or level of SCL transcription.
AD  - Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge University, Cambridge,
      CB2 2XY, United Kingdom. bg200@cam.ac.uk
FAU - Gottgens, Berthold
AU  - Gottgens B
FAU - Barton, Linda M
AU  - Barton LM
FAU - Chapman, Michael A
AU  - Chapman MA
FAU - Sinclair, Angus M
AU  - Sinclair AM
FAU - Knudsen, Bjarne
AU  - Knudsen B
FAU - Grafham, Darren
AU  - Grafham D
FAU - Gilbert, James G R
AU  - Gilbert JG
FAU - Rogers, Jane
AU  - Rogers J
FAU - Bentley, David R
AU  - Bentley DR
FAU - Green, Anthony R
AU  - Green AR
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions)
RN  - 0 (Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Tal1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Zebrafish Proteins)
RN  - 0 (tal1 protein, zebrafish)
RN  - 135471-20-4 (TAL1 protein, human)
RN  - 24937-83-5 (Poly A)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chickens
MH  - Chromosomes, Artificial, P1 Bacteriophage/genetics
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Conserved Sequence
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Exons/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/*genetics
MH  - Genetic Markers/genetics/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leukemia, T-Cell, Acute/*genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Poly A/metabolism
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics
MH  - *Proto-Oncogene Proteins
MH  - Rats
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Tetraodontiformes
MH  - Transcription Factors/biosynthesis/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Zebrafish/genetics
MH  - *Zebrafish Proteins
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.45502 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):749-59.

PMID- 11997342
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Determination of redundancy and systems properties of the metabolic
      network of Helicobacter pylori using genome-scale extreme pathway
      analysis.
PG  - 760-9
AB  - The capabilities of genome-scale metabolic networks can be described
      through the determination of a set of systemically independent and unique
      flux maps called extreme pathways. The first study of genome-scale extreme
      pathways for the simultaneous formation of all nonessential amino acids or
      ribonucleotides in Helicobacter pylori is presented. Three key results
      were obtained. First, the extreme pathways for the production of
      individual amino acids in H. pylori showed far fewer internal states per
      external state than previously found in Haemophilus influenzae, indicating
      a more rigid metabolic network. Second, the degree of pathway redundancy
      in H. pylori was essentially the same for the production of individual
      amino acids and linked amino acid sets, but was approximately twice that
      of the production of the ribonucleotides. Third, the metabolic network of
      H. pylori was unable to achieve extensive conversion of amino acids
      consumed to the set of either nonessential amino acids or ribonucleotides
      and thus diverted a large portion of its nitrogen to ammonia production, a
      potentially important result for pH regulation in its acidic habitat.
      Genome-scale extreme pathways elucidate emergent system-wide properties.
      Extreme pathway analysis is emerging as a potentially important method to
      analyze the link between the metabolic genotype and its phenotypes.
AD  - Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La
      Jolla, California 92093, USA.
FAU - Price, Nathan D
AU  - Price ND
FAU - Papin, Jason A
AU  - Papin JA
FAU - Palsson, Bernhard O
AU  - Palsson BO
LA  - eng
GR  - GM57089/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Nucleotides)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
RN  - 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acids/biosynthesis/metabolism
MH  - Biomass
MH  - Carbon/metabolism
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Escherichia coli/metabolism
MH  - *Genome, Bacterial
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/*genetics/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Nitrogen/metabolism
MH  - Nucleotides/biosynthesis
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.218002. Article published online before print in April 2002
      [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):760-9.

PMID- 11997343
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Evidence suggesting that a fifth of annotated Caenorhabditis elegans genes
      may be pseudogenes.
PG  - 770-5
AB  - Only a minority of the genes, identified in the Caenorhabditis elegans
      genome sequence data by computer analysis, have been characterized
      experimentally. We attempted to determine the expression patterns for a
      random sample of the annotated genes using reporter gene fusions. A low
      success rate was obtained for evolutionarily recently duplicated genes.
      Analysis of the data suggests that this is not due to conditional or
      low-level expression. The remaining explanation is that most of the
      annotated genes in the recently duplicated category are pseudogenes, a
      proportion corresponding to 20% of all of the annotated C. elegans genes.
      Further support for this surprisingly high figure was sought by comparing
      sequences for families of recently duplicated C. elegans genes. Although
      only a preliminary analysis, clear evidence for a gene having been
      recently inactivated by genetic drift was found for many genes in the
      recently duplicated category. At least 4% of the annotated C. elegans
      genes can be recognized as pseudogenes simply from closer inspection of
      the sequence data. Lessons learned in identifying pseudogenes in C.
      elegans could be of value in the annotation of the genomes of other
      species where, although there may be fewer pseudogenes, they may be harder
      to detect.
AD  - School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
FAU - Mounsey, Andrew
AU  - Mounsey A
FAU - Bauer, Petra
AU  - Bauer P
FAU - Hope, Ian A
AU  - Hope IA
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics
MH  - Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics
MH  - Computational Biology/*methods
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Gene Fusion/methods
MH  - Genes, Reporter/genetics
MH  - Genes, Structural, Helminth/*genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Pseudogenes/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr208802. Article published online before print in April 2002
      [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):770-5.

PMID- 11997344
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Analyses of the extent of shared synteny and conserved gene orders between
      the genome of Fugu rubripes and human 20q.
PG  - 776-84
AB  - Cosmid and BAC contig maps have been constructed across two Fugu genomic
      regions containing the orthologs of human genes mapping to human
      chromosome 20q. Contig gene contents have been assessed by sample
      sequencing and comparative database analyses. Contigs are centered around
      two Fugu topoisomerase1 (top1) genes that were initially identified by
      sequence similarity to human TOP1 (20q12). Two other genes (SNAI1 and
      KRML) mapping to human chromosome 20 are also duplicated in Fugu. The two
      contigs have been mapped to separate Fugu chromosomes. Our data indicate
      that these linkage groups result from the duplication of an ancestral
      chromosome segment containing at least 40 genes that now map to the long
      arm of human chromosome 20. Although there is considerable conservation of
      synteny, gene orders are not well conserved between Fugu and human, with
      only very short sections of two to three adjacent genes being maintained
      in both organisms. Comparative analyses have allowed this duplication
      event to be dated before the separation of Fugu and zebrafish. Our data
      (which are best explained by regional duplication, followed by substantial
      gene loss) support the hypothesis that there have been a large number of
      gene and regional duplications (and corresponding gene loss) in the fish
      lineage, possibly resulting from a single whole genome duplication event.
AD  - Fugu Genomics, United Kingdom Human Genome Mapping Project Resource
      Centre, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton Hall, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire,
      CB10 1SB, United Kingdom. sfsmith@hgmp.mrc.ac.uk
FAU - Smith, Sarah F
AU  - Smith SF
FAU - Snell, Philip
AU  - Snell P
FAU - Gruetzner, Frank
AU  - Gruetzner F
FAU - Bench, Anthony J
AU  - Bench AJ
FAU - Haaf, Thomas
AU  - Haaf T
FAU - Metcalfe, Judith A
AU  - Metcalfe JA
FAU - Green, Anthony R
AU  - Green AR
FAU - Elgar, Greg
AU  - Elgar G
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Cosmids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20/*genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Conserved Sequence/*genetics
MH  - Contig Mapping/methods
MH  - Cosmids/genetics
MH  - Gene Duplication
MH  - Gene Order/*genetics
MH  - *Genome
MH  - Genome, Human
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Sequence Tagged Sites
MH  - Synteny/*genetics
MH  - Takifugu/*genetics
MH  - Zebrafish/genetics
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.221802. Article published online before print in April 2002
      [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):776-84.

PMID- 11997345
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Large-scale protein annotation through gene ontology.
PG  - 785-94
AB  - Recent progress in genomic sequencing, computational biology, and ontology
      development has presented an opportunity to investigate biological systems
      from a unique perspective, that is, examining genomes and transcriptomes
      through the multiple and hierarchical structure of Gene Ontology (GO). We
      report here our development of GO Engine, a computational platform for GO
      annotation, and analysis of the resultant GO annotations of human
      proteins. Protein annotation was centered on sequence homology with
      GO-annotated proteins and protein domain analysis. Text information
      analysis and a multiparameter cellular localization predictive tool were
      also used to increase the annotation accuracy, and to predict novel
      annotations. The majority of proteins corresponding to full-length mRNA in
      GenBank, and the majority of proteins in the NR database (nonredundant
      database of proteins) were annotated with one or more GO nodes in each of
      the three GO categories. The annotations of GenBank and SWISS-PROT
      proteins are available to the public at the GO Consortium web site.
AD  - Compugen Inc., Jamesburg, New Jersey 08831, USA. han@cgen.com
FAU - Xie, Hanqing
AU  - Xie H
FAU - Wasserman, Alon
AU  - Wasserman A
FAU - Levine, Zurit
AU  - Levine Z
FAU - Novik, Amit
AU  - Novik A
FAU - Grebinskiy, Vladimir
AU  - Grebinskiy V
FAU - Shoshan, Avi
AU  - Shoshan A
FAU - Mintz, Liat
AU  - Mintz L
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Computational Biology/*methods
MH  - Databases, Genetic
MH  - Databases, Protein
MH  - Genome, Human
MH  - Humans
MH  - Multigene Family
MH  - Proteins/*classification/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Sequence Analysis, Protein
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.86902 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):785-94.

PMID- 11997346
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Integration of Cot analysis, DNA cloning, and high-throughput sequencing
      facilitates genome characterization and gene discovery.
PG  - 795-807
AB  - Cot-based sequence discovery represents a powerful means by which both
      low-copy and repetitive sequences can be selectively and efficiently
      fractionated, cloned, and characterized. Based upon the results of a Cot
      analysis, hydroxyapatite chromatography was used to fractionate sorghum
      (Sorghum bicolor) genomic DNA into highly repetitive (HR), moderately
      repetitive (MR), and single/low-copy (SL) sequence components that were
      consequently cloned to produce HRCot, MRCot, and SLCot genomic libraries.
      Filter hybridization (blotting) and sequence analysis both show that the
      HRCot library is enriched in sequences traditionally found in high-copy
      number (e.g., retroelements, rDNA, centromeric repeats), the SLCot library
      is enriched in low-copy sequences (e.g., genes and "nonrepetitive ESTs"),
      and the MRCot library contains sequences of moderate redundancy. The Cot
      analysis suggests that the sorghum genome is approximately 700 Mb (in
      agreement with previous estimates) and that HR, MR, and SL components
      comprise 15%, 41%, and 24% of sorghum DNA, respectively. Unlike previously
      described techniques to sequence the low-copy components of genomes,
      sequencing of Cot components is independent of expression and methylation
      patterns that vary widely among DNA elements, developmental stages, and
      taxa. High-throughput sequencing of Cot clones may be a means of
      "capturing" the sequence complexity of eukaryotic genomes at unprecedented
      efficiency.
AD  - Center for Applied Genetic Technologies and Department of Crop and Soil
      Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
      dgp@arches.uga.edu
FAU - Peterson, Daniel G
AU  - Peterson DG
FAU - Schulze, Stefan R
AU  - Schulze SR
FAU - Sciara, Erica B
AU  - Sciara EB
FAU - Lee, Scott A
AU  - Lee SA
FAU - Bowers, John E
AU  - Bowers JE
FAU - Nagel, Alexander
AU  - Nagel A
FAU - Jiang, Ning
AU  - Jiang N
FAU - Tibbitts, Deanne C
AU  - Tibbitts DC
FAU - Wessler, Susan R
AU  - Wessler SR
FAU - Paterson, Andrew H
AU  - Paterson AH
LA  - eng
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PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (kafirin protein, Sorghum bicolor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Composition/genetics
MH  - Blotting, Southern/methods
MH  - Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Cloning, Molecular/*methods
MH  - Expressed Sequence Tags
MH  - GC Rich Sequence/genetics
MH  - Gene Dosage
MH  - *Genes, Structural, Plant
MH  - Genetic Markers/genetics
MH  - *Genome, Plant
MH  - Genomic Library
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nucleic Acid Denaturation
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization
MH  - Plant Proteins/genetics
MH  - Poaceae/*genetics
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.226102. Article published online before print in April 2002
      [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):795-807.

PMID- 11997347
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - Protein coding palindromes are a unique but recurrent feature in
      Rickettsia.
PG  - 808-16
AB  - Rickettsia are unique in inserting in-frame a number of palindromic
      sequences within protein coding regions. In this study, we extensively
      analyzed repeated sequences in the genome of Rickettsia conorii and
      examined their locations in regard to coding versus noncoding regions. We
      identified 656 interspersed repeated sequences classified into 10 distinct
      families. Of the 10 families, three palindromic sequence families showed
      clear cases of insertions into open reading frames (ORFs). The location of
      those in-frame insertions appears to be always compatible with the encoded
      protein three-dimensional (3-D) fold and function. We provide evidence for
      a progressive loss of the palindromic property over time after the
      insertions. This comprehensive study of Rickettsia repeats confirms and
      extends our previous observations and further indicates a significant role
      of selfish DNAs in the creation and modification of proteins.
AD  - Information Genetique & Structurale, CNRS-AVENTIS UMR 1889, 13402
      Marseille Cedex 20, France. Hiroyuki.Ogata@igs.cnrs-mrs.fr
FAU - Ogata, Hiroyuki
AU  - Ogata H
FAU - Audic, Stephane
AU  - Audic S
FAU - Abergel, Chantal
AU  - Abergel C
FAU - Fournier, Pierre-Edouard
AU  - Fournier PE
FAU - Claverie, Jean-Michel
AU  - Claverie JM
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Base Composition/genetics
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Computational Biology/methods
MH  - *Genome, Bacterial
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Protein Structure, Quaternary/genetics
MH  - Rickettsia conorii/chemistry/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.227602. Article published online before print in April 2002
      [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):808-16.

PMID- 11997348
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - A fine physical map of the rice chromosome 4.
PG  - 817-23
AB  - As part of an international effort to completely sequence the rice genome,
      we have produced a fine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based
      physical map of the Oryza sativa japonica Nipponbare chromosome 4 through
      an integration of 114 sequenced BAC clones from a taxonomically related
      subspecies O. sativa indica Guangluai 4 and 182 RFLP and 407 expressed
      sequence tag (EST) markers with the fingerprinted data of the Nipponbare
      genome. The map consists of 11 contigs with a total length of 34.5 Mb
      covering 94% of the estimated chromosome size (36.8 Mb). BAC clones
      corresponding to telomeres, as well as to the centromere position, were
      determined by BAC-pachytene chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization
      (FISH). This gave rise to an estimated length ratio of 5.13 for the long
      arm and 2.9 for the short arm (on the basis of the physical map), which
      indicates that the short arm is a highly condensed one. The FISH analysis
      and physical mapping also showed that the short arm and the
      pericentromeric region of the long arm are rich in heterochromatin, which
      occupied 45% of the chromosome, indicating that this chromosome is likely
      very difficult to sequence. To our knowledge, this map provides the first
      example of a rapid and reliable physical mapping on the basis of the
      integration of the data from two taxonomically related subspecies.
AD  - National Center for Gene Research, Shanghai Institutes for Biological
      Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
FAU - Zhao, Qiang
AU  - Zhao Q
FAU - Zhang, Yu
AU  - Zhang Y
FAU - Cheng, Zhukuan
AU  - Cheng Z
FAU - Chen, Mingsheng
AU  - Chen M
FAU - Wang, Shengyue
AU  - Wang S
FAU - Feng, Qi
AU  - Feng Q
FAU - Huang, Yucheng
AU  - Huang Y
FAU - Li, Ying
AU  - Li Y
FAU - Tang, Yesheng
AU  - Tang Y
FAU - Zhou, Bo
AU  - Zhou B
FAU - Chen, Zhehua
AU  - Chen Z
FAU - Yu, Shuliang
AU  - Yu S
FAU - Zhu, Jingjie
AU  - Zhu J
FAU - Hu, Xin
AU  - Hu X
FAU - Mu, Jie
AU  - Mu J
FAU - Ying, Kai
AU  - Ying K
FAU - Hao, Pei
AU  - Hao P
FAU - Zhang, Lei
AU  - Zhang L
FAU - Lu, Yiqi
AU  - Lu Y
FAU - Zhang, Lei S
AU  - Zhang LS
FAU - Liu, Yilei
AU  - Liu Y
FAU - Yu, Zhen
AU  - Yu Z
FAU - Fan, Danlin
AU  - Fan D
FAU - Weng, Qijun
AU  - Weng Q
FAU - Chen, Ling
AU  - Chen L
FAU - Lu, Tingting
AU  - Lu T
FAU - Liu, Xiaohui
AU  - Liu X
FAU - Jia, Peixin
AU  - Jia P
FAU - Sun, Tongguo
AU  - Sun T
FAU - Wu, Yongrui
AU  - Wu Y
FAU - Zhang, Yujun
AU  - Zhang Y
FAU - Lu, Ying
AU  - Lu Y
FAU - Li, Can
AU  - Li C
FAU - Wang, Rong
AU  - Wang R
FAU - Lei, Haiyan
AU  - Lei H
FAU - Li, Tao
AU  - Li T
FAU - Hu, Hao
AU  - Hu H
FAU - Wu, Mei
AU  - Wu M
FAU - Zhang, Runquan
AU  - Zhang R
FAU - Guan, Jianping
AU  - Guan J
FAU - Zhu, Jia
AU  - Zhu J
FAU - Fu, Gang
AU  - Fu G
FAU - Gu, Minghong
AU  - Gu M
FAU - Hong, Guofan
AU  - Hong G
FAU - Xue, Yongbiao
AU  - Xue Y
FAU - Wing, Rod
AU  - Wing R
FAU - Jiang, Jiming
AU  - Jiang J
FAU - Han, Bin
AU  - Han B
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Plant)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chromosomes/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
MH  - Contig Mapping
MH  - Cytogenetic Analysis/methods
MH  - DNA, Plant/genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
MH  - Oryza sativa/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Physical Chromosome Mapping/*methods
MH  - Recombination, Genetic/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Seeds/genetics
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.48902 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):817-23.

PMID- 11997349
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - RePS: a sequence assembler that masks exact repeats identified from the
      shotgun data.
PG  - 824-31
AB  - We describe a sequence assembler, RePS (repeat-masked Phrap with
      scaffolding), that explicitly identifies exact 20mer repeats from the
      shotgun data and removes them prior to the assembly. The established
      software is used to compute meaningful error probabilities for each base.
      Clone-end-pairing information is used to construct scaffolds that order
      and orient the contigs. We show with real data for human and rice that
      reasonable assemblies are possible even at coverages of only 4x to 6x,
      despite having up to 42.2% in exact repeats.
AD  - Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Institute of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang
      University, Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province,
      Hangzhou 310007, China. wangj@genomics.org.cn
FAU - Wang, Jun
AU  - Wang J
FAU - Wong, Gane Ka-Shu
AU  - Wong GK
FAU - Ni, Peixiang
AU  - Ni P
FAU - Han, Yujun
AU  - Han Y
FAU - Huang, Xiangang
AU  - Huang X
FAU - Zhang, Jianguo
AU  - Zhang J
FAU - Ye, Chen
AU  - Ye C
FAU - Zhang, Yong
AU  - Zhang Y
FAU - Hu, Jianfei
AU  - Hu J
FAU - Zhang, Kunlin
AU  - Zhang K
FAU - Xu, Xin
AU  - Xu X
FAU - Cong, Lijuan
AU  - Cong L
FAU - Lu, Hong
AU  - Lu H
FAU - Ren, Xide
AU  - Ren X
FAU - Ren, Xiaoyu
AU  - Ren X
FAU - He, Jun
AU  - He J
FAU - Tao, Lin
AU  - Tao L
FAU - Passey, Douglas A
AU  - Passey DA
FAU - Wang, Jian
AU  - Wang J
FAU - Yang, Huanming
AU  - Yang H
FAU - Yu, Jun
AU  - Yu J
FAU - Li, Songgang
AU  - Li S
LA  - eng
GR  - 1 R01 ES09909/ES/NIEHS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
SB  - IM
MH  - Cloning, Molecular/methods
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Contig Mapping/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Oryza sativa/genetics
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods
MH  - *Software
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.165102 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):824-31.

PMID- 11997350
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020508
DCOM- 20020605
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1088-9051
VI  - 12
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 May
TI  - rVista for comparative sequence-based discovery of functional
      transcription factor binding sites.
PG  - 832-9
AB  - Identifying transcriptional regulatory elements represents a significant
      challenge in annotating the genomes of higher vertebrates. We have
      developed a computational tool, rVista, for high-throughput discovery of
      cis-regulatory elements that combines clustering of predicted
      transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) and the analysis of
      interspecies sequence conservation to maximize the identification of
      functional sites. To assess the ability of rVista to discover true
      positive TFBSs while minimizing the prediction of false positives, we
      analyzed the distribution of several TFBSs across 1 Mb of the
      well-annotated cytokine gene cluster (Hs5q31; Mm11). Because a large
      number of AP-1, NFAT, and GATA-3 sites have been experimentally identified
      in this interval, we focused our analysis on the distribution of all
      binding sites specific for these transcription factors. The exploitation
      of the orthologous human-mouse dataset resulted in the elimination of >
      95% of the approximately 58,000 binding sites predicted on analysis of the
      human sequence alone, whereas it identified 88% of the experimentally
      verified binding sites in this region.
AD  - Genome Sciences Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,
      Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ggloots@lbl.gov
FAU - Loots, Gabriela G
AU  - Loots GG
FAU - Ovcharenko, Ivan
AU  - Ovcharenko I
FAU - Pachter, Lior
AU  - Pachter L
FAU - Dubchak, Inna
AU  - Dubchak I
FAU - Rubin, Edward M
AU  - Rubin EM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Studies
PL  - United States
TA  - Genome Res
JID - 9518021
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence/genetics
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Computational Biology/methods
MH  - Cytokines/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Multigene Family/genetics
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - *Software
MH  - Transcription Factors/*chemistry/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/05/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/06/06 10:01
AID - 10.1101/gr.225502. Article published online before print in April 2002
      [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Genome Res 2002 May;12(5):832-9.

PMID- 12006105
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 May 13
TI  - Management of obstetric anal sphincter injury: a systematic review &
      national practice survey.
PG  - 9
AB  - BACKGROUND: We aim to establish the evidence base for the recognition and
      management of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) and to compare this
      with current practice amongst UK obstetricians and coloproctologists.
      METHODS: A systematic review of the literature and a postal questionnaire
      survey of consultant obstetricians, trainee obstetricians and consultant
      coloproctologists was carried out. RESULTS: We found a wide variation in
      experience of repairing acute anal sphincter injury. The group with
      largest experience were consultant obstetricians (46.5% undertaking > or =
      5 repairs/year), whilst only 10% of responding colorectal surgeons had
      similar levels of experience (p < 0.001). There was extensive
      misunderstanding in terms of the definition of obstetric anal sphincter
      injuries. Overall, trainees had a greater knowledge of the correct
      classification (p < 0.01). Observational studies suggest that a new
      'overlap' repair using PDS sutures with antibiotic cover gives better
      functional results. However, our literature search found only one
      randomised controlled trial (RCT) on the technique of repair of OASI,
      which showed no difference in incidence of anal incontinence at three
      months. Despite this, there was a wide variation in practice, with
      337(50%) consultants, 82 (55%) trainees and 80 (89%) coloproctologists
      already using the 'overlap' method for repair of a torn EAS (p < 0.001).
      Although over 50% of colorectal surgeons would undertake long-term
      follow-up of their patients, this was the practice of less than 10% of
      obstetricians (p < 0.001). Whilst over 70% of coloproctologists would
      recommend an elective caesarean section in a subsequent pregnancy, only
      22% of obstetric consultants and 14% of trainees (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION:
      An agreed classification of OASI, development of national guidelines,
      formalised training, multidisciplinary management and further definitive
      research is strongly recommended.
AD  - Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology North Staffordshire
      Hospital Trust/Keele University Stoke on Trent, England.
      ruwanfernando@hotmail.com
FAU - Fernando, Ruwan J
AU  - Fernando RJ
FAU - Sultan, Abdul H
AU  - Sultan AH
FAU - Radley, Simon
AU  - Radley S
FAU - Jones, Peter W
AU  - Jones PW
FAU - Johanson, Richard B
AU  - Johanson RB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20020513
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Anus/*injuries
MH  - Clinical Competence
MH  - Colorectal Surgery/methods/*standards
MH  - Continuity of Patient Care
MH  - Delivery, Obstetric/*adverse effects
MH  - Fecal Incontinence/etiology/surgery
MH  - Female
MH  - Great Britain/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Labor Complications/diagnosis/epidemiology/*surgery
MH  - Obstetrics/education/methods/*standards
MH  - Patient Care Management
MH  - *Physician's Practice Patterns
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Rupture/diagnosis/epidemiology/*surgery
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RF  - 55
EDAT- 2002/05/15 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2001/09/27 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/13 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/05/13 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 May 13;2(1):9.

PMID- 12014993
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021216
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Apr 25
TI  - Mitochondria from cultured cells derived from normal and
      thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia individuals efficiently import
      thiamine diphosphate.
PG  - 8
AB  - BACKGROUND: Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) is the active form of thiamine,
      and it serves as a cofactor for several enzymes, both cytosolic and
      mitochondrial. Isolated mitochondria have been shown to take up thiamine
      yet thiamine diphosphokinase is cytosolic and not present in mitochondria.
      Previous reports indicate that ThDP can also be taken up by rat
      mitochondria, but the kinetic constants associated with such uptake seemed
      not to be physiologically relevant. RESULTS: Here we examine ThDP uptake
      by mitochondria from several human cell types, including cells from
      patients with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA) that lack a
      functional thiamine transporter of the plasma membrane. Although
      mitochondria from normal lymphoblasts took up thiamine in the low
      micromolar range, surprisingly mitochondria from TRMA lymphoblasts lacked
      this uptake component. ThDP was taken up efficiently by mitochondria
      isolated from either normal or TRMA lymphoblasts. Uptake was saturable and
      biphasic with a high affinity component characterized by a Km of 0.4 to
      0.6 microM. Mitochondria from other cell types possessed a similar high
      affinity uptake component with variation seen in uptake capacity as
      revealed by differences in Vmax values. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a
      shared thiamine transporter for mitochondria and the plasma membrane.
      Additionally, a high affinity component of ThDP uptake by mitochondria was
      identified with the apparent affinity constant less than the estimates of
      the cytosolic concentration of free ThDP. This finding indicates that the
      high affinity uptake is physiologically significant and may represent the
      main mechanism for supplying phosphorylated thiamine for mitochondrial
      enzymes.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B
      351634, Nashville TN 37235-1634, USA. tony.song@vanderbilt.edu
FAU - Song, Qilin
AU  - Song Q
FAU - Singleton, Charles K
AU  - Singleton CK
LA  - eng
GR  - AA12014-02/AA/NIAAA
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020425
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 154-87-0 (Thiamine Pyrophosphate)
RN  - 59-43-8 (Thiamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anemia, Megaloblastic/drug therapy/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Lymphocytes/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Mitochondria/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Thiamine/*therapeutic use
MH  - Thiamine Pyrophosphate/*pharmacokinetics
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
EDAT- 2002/05/17 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/18 04:00
PHST- 2002/02/06 [received]
PHST- 2002/04/25 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/04/25 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Apr 25;3(1):8.

PMID- 12019031
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 May 4
TI  - Expression of monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase activity is regulated in
      concert with the level of cardiolipin and cardiolipin biosynthesis in the
      mammalian heart.
PG  - 9
AB  - BACKGROUND: Monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase (MLCL AT) catalyzes the
      acylation of monolysocardiolipin to cardiolipin in mammalian tissues. We
      previously reported that cardiac cardiolipin levels, MLCL AT and
      cardiolipin synthase activities were all elevated in rats made
      hyperthyroid by thyroxine treatment. In this study, we examined if cardiac
      mitochondrial MLCL AT activity was dependent upon the biosynthesis and
      level of cardiolipin in the heart. Rat heart mitochondrial MLCL AT
      activity was determined under conditions in which the levels of cardiac
      cardiolipin and cardiolipin synthase activity were either reduced or
      unaltered using four different disease models in the rat. In addition,
      these parameters were examined in a murine model of cardiac cell
      differentiation. RESULTS: In rats made hypothyroid by treatment with
      6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil in the drinking water for 34 days, cardiac
      cardiolipin content was decreased 29% (p < 0.025) and this was associated
      with a 32% decrease (p < 0.025) in cardiolipin synthase and a 35%
      reduction (p < 0.025) in MLCL AT activities. Streptozotocin-induced
      diabetes or hyperinsulinemia in rats did not affect cardiac cardiolipin
      content nor MLCL AT and cardiolipin synthase activities. Finally,
      cardiolipin content, MLCL AT and cardiolipin synthase activities were
      unaltered during murine P19 teratocarcinoma cell differentiation into
      cardiac myocytes. In all models, phospholipase A2 activities were
      unaltered compared with controls. CONCLUSION: We propose a general model
      in which the expression of MLCL AT activity is regulated in concert with
      the biosynthesis and level of cardiolipin in the heart.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Centre on Aging, University of Manitoba,
      Winnipeg, Canada. taylorw@ms.umanitoba.ca
FAU - Taylor, William A
AU  - Taylor WA
FAU - Xu, Fred Y
AU  - Xu FY
FAU - Ma, Brian J
AU  - Ma BJ
FAU - Mutter, Thomas C
AU  - Mutter TC
FAU - Dolinsky, Vernon W
AU  - Dolinsky VW
FAU - Hatch, Grant M
AU  - Hatch GM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020504
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Cardiolipins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - EC 2.3. (Acyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.- (monolysocardiolipin acyltransferase)
RN  - EC 2.7.8 (Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups))
RN  - EC 2.7.8.- (cardiolipin synthetase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cardiolipins/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Differentiation
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Hyperinsulinism/enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Hypothyroidism/enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - *Membrane Proteins
MH  - Myocardium/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)/metabolism
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
EDAT- 2002/05/23 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/02/06 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/04 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/05/04 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 May 4;3(1):9.

PMID- 12022922
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021216
LR  - 20041027
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Apr 4
TI  - Identification of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and casein as substrates
      for 124-v-Mos.
PG  - 6
AB  - BACKGROUND: The mos proto-oncogene encodes a cytoplasmic
      serine/threonine-specific protein kinase with crucial function during
      meiotic cell division in vertebrates. Based on oncogenic amino acid
      substitutions the viral derivative, 124-v-Mos, displays constitutive
      protein kinase activity and functions independent of unknown upstream
      effectors of mos protein kinase. We have utilized this property of
      124-v-Mos and screened for novel mos substrates in immunocomplex kinase
      assays in vitro. RESULTS: We generated recombinant 124-v-Mos using the
      baculovirus expression system in Spodoptera frugiperda cells and
      demonstrated constitutive kinase activity by the ability of 124-v-Mos to
      auto-phosphorylate and to phosphorylate vimentin, a known substrate of
      c-Mos. Using this approach we analyzed a panel of acidic and basic
      substrates in immunocomplex protein kinase assays and identified novel in
      vitro substrates for 124-v-Mos, the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
      (PTP1B), alpha-casein and beta-casein. We controlled mos-specific
      phosphorylation of PTP1B and casein in comparative assays using a
      synthetic kinase-inactive 124-v-Mos mutant and further, tryptic digests of
      mos-phosphorylated beta-casein identified a phosphopeptide specifically
      targeted by wild-type 124-v-Mos. Two-dimensional phosphoamino acid
      analyses showed that 124-v-mos targets serine and threonine residues for
      phosphorylation in casein at a 1:1 ratio but auto-phosphorylation occurs
      predominantly on serine residues. CONCLUSION: The mos substrates
      identified in this study represent a basis to approach the identification
      of the mos-consensus phosphorylation motif, important for the development
      of specific inhibitors of the Mos protein kinase.
AD  - Temple University, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular
      Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA. alexandropolis@yahoo.com
FAU - Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula
AU  - Proikas-Cezanne T
FAU - Stabel, Silvia
AU  - Stabel S
FAU - Riethmacher, Dieter
AU  - Riethmacher D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020404
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Caseins)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Tubulin)
RN  - 0 (Vimentin)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatase)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Caseins/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Peptide Fragments/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Protein-Tyrosine-Phosphatase/*metabolism
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mos/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tubulin/metabolism
MH  - Vimentin/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/05/23 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/18 04:00
PHST- 2002/02/01 [received]
PHST- 2002/04/04 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/04/04 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Apr 4;3(1):6.

PMID- 12028592
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021122
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 May 17
TI  - The regulation of protein synthesis and translation factors by CD3 and
      CD28 in human primary T lymphocytes.
PG  - 11
AB  - BACKGROUND: Activation of human resting T lymphocytes results in an
      immediate increase in protein synthesis. The increase in protein synthesis
      after 16-24 h has been linked to the increased protein levels of
      translation initiation factors. However, the regulation of protein
      synthesis during the early onset of T cell activation has not been studied
      in great detail. We studied the regulation of protein synthesis after 1 h
      of activation using alphaCD3 antibody to stimulate the T cell receptor and
      alphaCD28 antibody to provide the co-stimulus. RESULTS: Activation of the
      T cells with both antibodies led to a sustained increase in the rate of
      protein synthesis. The activities and/or phosphorylation states of several
      translation factors were studied during the first hour of stimulation with
      alphaCD3 and alphaCD28 to explore the mechanism underlying the activation
      of protein synthesis. The initial increase in protein synthesis was
      accompanied by activation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor,
      eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2B, and of p70 S6 kinase and by
      dephosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor (eEF) 2. Similar signal
      transduction pathways, as assessed using signal transduction inhibitors,
      are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis, eIF2B activity and
      p70 S6 kinase activity. A new finding was that the p38 MAPK alpha/beta
      pathway was involved in the regulation of overall protein synthesis in
      primary T cells. Unexpectedly, no changes were detected in the
      phosphorylation state of the cap-binding protein eIF4E and the
      eIF4E-binding protein 4E-BP1, or the formation of the cap-binding complex
      eIF4F. CONCLUSIONS: Both eIF2B and p70 S6 kinase play important roles in
      the regulation of protein synthesis during the early onset of T cell
      activation.
AD  - Division of Molecular Physiology, School of Life Sciences, University of
      Dundee, Dundee, MSI/Wellcome Trust Biocentre, DD1 5EH United Kingdom.
      m.scheperkleijn@dundee.ac.uk
FAU - Kleijn, Miranda
AU  - Kleijn M
FAU - Proud, Christopher G
AU  - Proud CG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020517
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD28)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD3)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (EIF4EBP1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B)
RN  - 0 (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E)
RN  - 0 (Eukaryotic Initiation Factors)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies/pharmacology
MH  - Antigens, CD28/immunology/physiology
MH  - Antigens, CD3/immunology/physiology
MH  - Carrier Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2B/metabolism
MH  - Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E/metabolism
MH  - Eukaryotic Initiation Factors/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - *Lymphocyte Activation
MH  - Phosphoproteins/metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - *Protein Biosynthesis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/05/25 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2002/03/14 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/17 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/05/17 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 May 17;3(1):11.

PMID- 12052258
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 May 27
TI  - Hospital competition, resource allocation and quality of care.
PG  - 10
AB  - BACKGROUND: A variety of approaches have been used to contain escalating
      hospital costs. One approach is intensifying price competition. The
      increase in price based competition, which changes the incentives
      hospitals face, coupled with the fact that consumers can more easily
      evaluate the quality of hotel services compared with the quality of
      clinical care, may lead hospitals to allocate more resources into hotel
      rather than clinical services. METHODS: To test this hypothesis we studied
      hospitals in California in 1982 and 1989, comparing resource allocations
      prior to and following selective contracting, a period during which the
      focus of competition changed from quality to price. We estimated the
      relationship between clinical outcomes, measured as
      risk-adjusted-mortality rates, and resources. RESULTS: In 1989, higher
      competition was associated with lower clinical expenditures levels
      compared with 1982. The trend was stronger for non-profit hospitals. Lower
      clinical resource use was associated with worse risk adjusted mortality
      outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study raises concerns that cost reductions may
      be associated with increased mortality.
AD  - University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
      dana_mukamel@urm.rochester.edu
FAU - Mukamel, Dana B
AU  - Mukamel DB
FAU - Zwanziger, Jack
AU  - Zwanziger J
FAU - Bamezai, Anil
AU  - Bamezai A
LA  - eng
GR  - HS09545/HS/AHCPR
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020527
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - California/epidemiology
MH  - Cost Control/methods
MH  - Decision Making, Organizational
MH  - *Economic Competition
MH  - Health Expenditures/*trends
MH  - Health Services Research
MH  - Hospital Charges
MH  - Hospital Departments/classification/*economics/*standards
MH  - Hospital Mortality
MH  - Hospital-Patient Relations
MH  - Hospitals/classification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Managed Care Programs/legislation & jurisprudence/organization &
      administration
MH  - Quality of Health Care/*trends
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - *Resource Allocation
MH  - Risk Adjustment
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2002/06/08 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2001/12/21 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/27 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/05/27 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 May 27;2(1):10.

PMID- 12052259
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021122
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 May 29
TI  - The role of the Zn(II) binding domain in the mechanism of E. coli DNA
      topoisomerase I.
PG  - 13
AB  - BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase I binds three Zn(II) with
      three tetracysteine motifs which, together with the 14 kDa C-terminal
      region, form a 30 kDa DNA binding domain (ZD domain). The 67 kDa
      N-terminal domain (Top67) has the active site tyrosine for DNA cleavage
      but cannot relax negatively supercoiled DNA. We analyzed the role of the
      ZD domain in the enzyme mechanism. RESULTS: Addition of purified ZD domain
      to Top67 partially restored the relaxation activity, demonstrating that
      covalent linkage between the two domains is not necessary for removal of
      negative supercoils from DNA. The two domains had similar affinities to
      ssDNA. However, only Top67 could bind dsDNA with high affinity. DNA
      cleavage assays showed that the Top67 had the same sequence and structure
      selectivity for DNA cleavage as the intact enzyme. DNA rejoining also did
      not require the presence of the ZD domain. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that
      during relaxation of negatively supercoiled DNA, Top67 by itself can
      position the active site tyrosine near the junction of double-stranded and
      single-stranded DNA for cleavage. However, the interaction of the ZD
      domain with the passing single-strand of DNA, coupled with enzyme
      conformational change, is needed for removal of negative supercoils.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical
      College, Valhalla, NY, USA. a_ahumada@msn.com
FAU - Ahumada, Adriana
AU  - Ahumada A
FAU - Tse-Dinh, Yuk-Ching
AU  - Tse-Dinh YC
LA  - eng
GR  - GM17315/GM/NIGMS
GR  - GM54226/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020529
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (DNA, Circular)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Single-Stranded)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Superhelical)
RN  - 7439-95-4 (Magnesium)
RN  - 7440-66-6 (Zinc)
RN  - 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 5.99.1.- (DNA Topoisomerases, Type I, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Catalytic Domain
MH  - DNA/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - DNA Topoisomerases, Type I, Bacterial/*chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Circular/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Single-Stranded/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Superhelical/metabolism
MH  - Escherichia coli/*enzymology
MH  - Magnesium/pharmacology
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Zinc/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/06/08 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2002/03/11 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/29 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/05/29 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 May 29;3(1):13.

PMID- 12052260
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021122
LR  - 20050201
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 May 28
TI  - Mutational analysis of human profilin I reveals a second PI(4,5)-P2
      binding site neighbouring the poly(L-proline) binding site.
PG  - 12
AB  - BACKGROUND: Profilin is a small cytoskeletal protein which interacts with
      actin, proline-rich proteins and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate
      (PI(4,5)-P2). Crystallography, NMR and mutagenesis of vertebrate profilins
      have revealed the amino acid residues that are responsible for the
      interactions with actin and poly(L-proline) peptides. Although Arg88 of
      human profilin I was shown to be involved in PI(4,5)-P2-binding, it was
      suggested that carboxy terminal basic residues may be involved as well.
      RESULTS: Using site directed mutagenesis we have refined the PI(4,5)-P2
      binding site of human profilin I. For each mutant we assessed the
      stability and studied the interactions with actin, a proline-rich peptide
      and PI(4,5)-P2 micelles. We identified at least two PI(4,5)-P2-binding
      regions in human profilin I. As expected, one region comprises Arg88 and
      overlaps with the actin binding site. The second region involves Arg136 in
      the carboxy terminal helix and neighbours the poly(L-proline) binding
      site. In addition, we show that adding a small protein tag to the carboxy
      terminus of profilin strongly reduces binding to poly(L-proline),
      suggesting local conformational changes of the carboxy terminal
      alpha-helix may have dramatic effects on ligand binding. CONCLUSIONS: The
      involvement of the two terminal alpha-helices of profilin in ligand
      binding imposes important structural constraints upon the functions of
      this region. Our data suggest a model in which the competitive
      interactions between PI(4,5)-P2 and actin and PI(4,5)-P2 and
      poly(L-proline) regulate profilin functions.
AD  - Department of Medical Protein Research (VIB09), Flanders Interuniversity
      Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent
      University, Ghent, Belgium. anja.lambrechts@rug.ac.be
FAU - Lambrechts, Anja
AU  - Lambrechts A
FAU - Jonckheere, Veronique
AU  - Jonckheere V
FAU - Dewitte, Daisy
AU  - Dewitte D
FAU - Vandekerckhove, Joel
AU  - Vandekerckhove J
FAU - Ampe, Christophe
AU  - Ampe C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020528
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (Contractile Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Microfilament Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate)
RN  - 0 (profilins)
RN  - 25191-13-3 (polyproline)
RN  - 73-22-3 (Tryptophan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actins/metabolism
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - *Contractile Proteins
MH  - DNA Mutational Analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Microfilament Proteins/*chemistry/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Peptides/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Folding
MH  - Protein Structure, Secondary
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tryptophan/physiology
EDAT- 2002/06/08 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2002/02/13 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/28 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/05/28 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 May 28;3(1):12.

PMID- 12057022
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030422
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 2
TI  - Training practitioners in preparing systematic reviews: a cross-sectional
      survey of participants in the Australasian Cochrane Centre training
      program.
PG  - 11
AB  - BACKGROUND: Although systematic reviews of health care interventions are
      an invaluable tool for health care providers and researchers, many
      potential authors never publish reviews. This study attempts to determine
      why some people with interest in performing systematic reviews do not
      subsequently publish a review; and what steps could possibly increase
      review completion. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey by email and facsimile
      of the 179 participants in Australasian Cochrane Centre training events
      between 1998 and 2000. RESULTS: Ninety-two participants responded to the
      survey (51 percent). Response rate of deliverable surveys was 82 percent
      (92/112). The remainder of the participants had invalid or no contact
      information on file. More than 75 percent of respondents felt that the
      current workshops met their needs for training. The most critical barriers
      to completion of a Cochrane review were: lack of time (80 percent), lack
      of financial support (36 percent), methodological problems (23 percent)
      and problems with group dynamics (10 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Strategies to
      protect reviewer time and increase the efficiency of the review process
      may increase the numbers of trained reviewers completing a systematic
      review.
AD  - Australasian Cochrane Centre, Monash Institute of Health Services
      Research, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
      janet.piehl@med.monash.edu.au
FAU - Piehl, Janet H
AU  - Piehl JH
FAU - Green, Sally
AU  - Green S
FAU - Silagy, Chris
AU  - Silagy C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020602
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - Australia
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Evidence-Based Medicine
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Meta-Analysis
MH  - Publishing/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - *Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Research Personnel/*education/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Time
EDAT- 2002/06/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/23 05:00
PHST- 2002/02/20 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/02 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/02 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Jun 2;2(1):11.

PMID- 12069692
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021220
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 10
TI  - Gene expression profile of HIV-1 Tat expressing cells: a close interplay
      between proliferative and differentiation signals.
PG  - 14
AB  - BACKGROUND: Expression profiling holds great promise for rapid host genome
      functional analysis. It is plausible that host expression profiling in an
      infection could serve as a universal phenotype in virally infected cells.
      Here, we describe the effect of one of the most critical viral activators,
      Tat, in HIV-1 infected and Tat expressing cells. We utilized microarray
      analysis from uninfected, latently HIV-1 infected cells, as well as cells
      that express Tat, to decipher some of the cellular changes associated with
      this viral activator. RESULTS: Utilizing uninfected, HIV-1 latently
      infected cells, and Tat expressing cells, we observed that most of the
      cellular host genes in Tat expressing cells were down-regulated. The
      down-regulation in Tat expressing cells is most apparent on cellular
      receptors that have intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activity and
      signal transduction members that mediate RTK function, including
      Ras-Raf-MEK pathway. Co-activators of transcription, such as p300/CBP and
      SRC-1, which mediate gene expression related to hormone receptor genes,
      were also found to be down-regulated. Down-regulation of receptors may
      allow latent HIV-1 infected cells to either hide from the immune system or
      avoid extracellular differentiation signals. Some of the genes that were
      up-regulated included co-receptors for HIV-1 entry, translation machinery,
      and cell cycle regulatory proteins. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated,
      through a microarray approach, that HIV-1 Tat is able to regulate many
      cellular genes that are involved in cell signaling, translation and
      ultimately control the host proliferative and differentiation signals.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology George Washington
      University School of Medicine Washington DC 20037, USA. bcmfxk@gwumc.edu
FAU - de la Fuente, Cynthia
AU  - de la Fuente C
FAU - Santiago, Francisco
AU  - Santiago F
FAU - Deng, Longwen
AU  - Deng L
FAU - Eadie, Carolyne
AU  - Eadie C
FAU - Zilberman, Irene
AU  - Zilberman I
FAU - Kehn, Kylene
AU  - Kehn K
FAU - Maddukuri, Anil
AU  - Maddukuri A
FAU - Baylor, Shanese
AU  - Baylor S
FAU - Wu, Kaili
AU  - Wu K
FAU - Lee, Chee Gun
AU  - Lee CG
FAU - Pumfery, Anne
AU  - Pumfery A
FAU - Kashanchi, Fatah
AU  - Kashanchi F
LA  - eng
GR  - 13969/PHS
GR  - AI43894/AI/NIAID
GR  - AI44357/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020610
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Chromatin)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, tat)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 61512-21-8 (Thymosin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Cycle/genetics
MH  - Cell Differentiation/genetics
MH  - Cell Division/genetics
MH  - Chromatin/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling/*methods
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
MH  - Gene Products, tat/*genetics
MH  - HIV-1/*genetics
MH  - Hela Cells/cytology/metabolism/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Protein Biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction/*genetics
MH  - Thymosin/genetics
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/genetics
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
EDAT- 2002/06/19 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/21 04:00
PHST- 2002/01/29 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/10 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/10 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jun 10;3(1):14.

PMID- 12079498
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 17
TI  - Low solubility of unconjugated bilirubin in dimethylsulfoxide--water
      systems: implications for pKa determinations.
PG  - 17
AB  - BACKGROUND: Aqueous pKa values of unconjugated bilirubin are important
      determinants of its solubility and transport. Published pKa data on an
      analog, mesobilirubin-XIIIalpha, studied by 13C-NMR in buffered solutions
      containing 27 and 64 vol% (C2H3)2SO because of low aqueous solubility of
      mesobilirubin, were extrapolated to obtain pKa values in water of 4.2 and
      4.9. Previous chloroform-water partition data on bilirubin diacid led to
      higher estimates of its pKa, 8.12 and 8.44, and its aqueous solubility. A
      thermodynamic analysis, using this solubility and a published solubility
      in DMSO, suggested that the systems used to measure 13C-NMR shifts were
      highly supersaturated. This expectation was assessed by measuring the
      residual concentrations of bilirubin in the supernatants of comparable
      DMSO-buffer systems, after mild centrifugation to remove
      microprecipitates. RESULTS: Extensive sedimentation was observed from
      numerous systems, many of which appeared optically clear. The very low
      supernatant concentrations at the lowest pH values (4.1-5.9) were
      compatible with the above thermodynamic analysis. Extensive sedimentation
      and low supernatant concentrations occurred also at pH as high as 7.2.
      CONCLUSIONS: The present study strongly supports the validity of the
      aqueous solubility of bilirubin diacid derived from partition data, and,
      therefore, the corresponding high pKa values. Many of the mesobilirubin
      systems in the 13C-NMR studies were probably supersaturated, contained
      microsuspensions, and were not true solutions. This, and previously
      documented errors in pH determinations that caused serious errors in pKa
      values of the many soluble reference acids and mesobilirubin, raise doubts
      regarding the low pKa estimates for mesobilirubin from the 13C-NMR
      studies.
AD  - School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison,
      WI 53705-2222, USA. pmukerjee@aol.com
FAU - Mukerjee, Pasupati
AU  - Mukerjee P
FAU - Ostrow, J Donald
AU  - Ostrow JD
FAU - Tiribelli, Claudio
AU  - Tiribelli C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020617
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Serum Albumin)
RN  - 635-65-4 (Bilirubin)
RN  - 67-68-5 (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)
RN  - 7732-18-5 (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bilirubin/*chemistry
MH  - Dimethyl Sulfoxide/*chemistry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Serum Albumin/chemistry
MH  - Solubility
MH  - Thermodynamics
MH  - Water/*chemistry
EDAT- 2002/06/25 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/04/23 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/17 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/17 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jun 17;3(1):17.

PMID- 12079499
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021220
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 13
TI  - Functional group interactions of a 5-HT3R antagonist.
PG  - 16
AB  - BACKGROUND: Lerisetron, a competitive serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R)
      antagonist, contains five functional groups capable of interacting with
      amino acids in the 5-HT3R binding site. Site directed mutagenesis studies
      of the 5-HT3AR have revealed several amino acids that are thought to form
      part of the binding domain of this receptor. The specific functional
      groups on the ligand that interact with these amino acids are, however,
      unknown. Using synthetic analogs of lerisetron as molecular probes in
      combination with site directed mutagenesis, we have identified some of
      these interactions and have proposed a model of the lerisetron binding
      site. RESULTS: Two analogs of lerisetron were synthesized to probe 5-HT3R
      functional group interactions with this compound. Analog 1 lacks the N1
      benzyl group of lerisetron and analog 2 contains oxygen in place of the
      distal piperazine nitrogen. Both analogs show significantly decreased
      binding affinity to wildtype 5-HT3ASRs. Mutations at W89, R91, Y142 and
      Y152 produced significant decreases in binding compared to wildtype
      receptors. Binding affinities of analogs 1 and 2 were altered only by
      mutations at W89, and Y152. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the data obtained for
      lerisetron and analogs 1 and 2, we have proposed a tentative model of the
      lerisetron binding pocket of the 5-HT3ASR. According to this model, The
      N-benzyl group interacts in a weak interaction with R91 while the
      benzimidazole group interacts with W89. Our data support an interaction of
      the distal amino nitrogen with Y142 and Y152.
AD  - Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University,
      Evanston, IL 60208-3520, USA. padma964@hotmail.com
FAU - Venkataraman, Padmavati
AU  - Venkataraman P
FAU - Joshi, Prasad
AU  - Joshi P
FAU - Venkatachalan, Srinivasan P
AU  - Venkatachalan SP
FAU - Muthalagi, Mani
AU  - Muthalagi M
FAU - Parihar, Harish S
AU  - Parihar HS
FAU - Kirschbaum, Karen S
AU  - Kirschbaum KS
FAU - Schulte, Marvin K
AU  - Schulte MK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020613
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Benzimidazoles)
RN  - 0 (Benzyl Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Piperazines)
RN  - 0 (Piperidines)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Serotonin)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3)
RN  - 0 (Serotonin Antagonists)
RN  - 110-85-0 (piperazine)
RN  - 143257-98-1 (lerisetron)
RN  - 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine)
RN  - 73-22-3 (Tryptophan)
RN  - 74-79-3 (Arginine)
RN  - 7727-37-9 (Nitrogen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arginine/physiology
MH  - Benzimidazoles/metabolism
MH  - Benzyl Compounds/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kidney/cytology/embryology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed/genetics
MH  - Nitrogen/metabolism
MH  - Patch-Clamp Techniques
MH  - Piperazines/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Piperidines/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding/physiology
MH  - Protein Interaction Mapping/*methods
MH  - Receptors, Serotonin/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Serotonin Antagonists/*metabolism
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
MH  - Tryptophan/physiology
MH  - Tyrosine/physiology
EDAT- 2002/06/25 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/21 04:00
PHST- 2002/02/05 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/13 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/13 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jun 13;3(1):16.

PMID- 12079500
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021220
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 13
TI  - Identification of critical residues in loop E in the 5-HT3ASR binding
      site.
PG  - 15
AB  - BACKGROUND: The serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) is a member of a
      superfamily of ligand gated ion channels. All members of this family share
      a large degree of sequence homology and presumably significant structural
      similarity. A large number of studies have explored the structure-function
      relationships of members of this family, particularly the nicotinic and
      GABA receptors. This information can be utilized to gain additional
      insights into specific structural and functional features of other
      receptors in this family. RESULTS: Thirteen amino acids in the mouse
      5-HT3ASR that correspond to the putative E binding loop of the nicotinic
      alpha7 receptor were chosen for mutagenesis. Due to the presence of a
      highly conserved glycine in this region, it has been suggested that this
      binding loop is comprised of a hairpin turn and may form a portion of the
      ligand-binding site in this ion channel family. Mutation of the conserved
      glycine (G147) to alanine eliminated binding of the 5-HT3R antagonist
      [3H]granisetron. Three tyrosine residues (Y140, Y142 and Y152) also
      significantly altered the binding of 5-HT3R ligands. Mutations in
      neighboring residues had little or no effect on binding of these ligands
      to the 5-HT3ASR. CONCLUSION: Our data supports a role for the putative
      E-loop region of the 5-HT3R in the binding of 5-HT, mCPBG, d-tc and
      lerisetron. 5-HT and mCPBG interact with Y142, d-tc with Y140 and
      lerisetron with both Y142 and Y152. Our data also provides support for the
      hypothesis that this region of the receptor is present in a loop
      structure.
AD  - Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60201.
      USA. padma964@hotmail.com
FAU - Venkataraman, Padmavati
AU  - Venkataraman P
FAU - Venkatachalan, Srinivasan P
AU  - Venkatachalan SP
FAU - Joshi, Prasad R
AU  - Joshi PR
FAU - Muthalagi, Mani
AU  - Muthalagi M
FAU - Schulte, Marvin K
AU  - Schulte MK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020613
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Serotonin)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3)
RN  - 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine)
RN  - 56-87-1 (Lysine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acids/*analysis/genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kidney/chemistry/cytology/embryology/metabolism
MH  - Lysine/analysis/genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed/genetics
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary/genetics
MH  - Receptors, Serotonin/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Alignment/methods
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Tyrosine/analysis/genetics
EDAT- 2002/06/25 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/21 04:00
PHST- 2002/01/30 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/13 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/13 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jun 13;3(1):15.

PMID- 12084180
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030422
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 25
TI  - A comparison of hospital readmission rates between two general physicians
      with different outpatient review practices.
PG  - 12
AB  - BACKGROUND: There has been a relentless increase in emergency medical
      admissions in the UK over recent years. Many of these patients suffer with
      chronic conditions requiring continuing medical attention. We wished to
      determine whether conventional outpatient clinic follow up after discharge
      has any impact on the rate of readmission to hospital. METHODS: Two
      consultant general physicians with the same patient case-mix but markedly
      different outpatient follow-up practice were chosen. Of 1203 patients
      discharged, one consultant saw twice as many patients in the follow-up
      clinic than the other (Dr A 9.8% v Dr B 19.6%). The readmission rate in
      the twelve months following discharge was compared in a retrospective
      analysis of hospital activity data. Due to the specialisation of the
      admitting system, patients mainly had cardiovascular or cerebrovascular
      disease or had taken an overdose. Few had respiratory or infectious
      diseases. Outpatient follow-up was focussed on patients with cardiac
      disease. RESULTS: Risk of readmission increased significantly with age and
      length of stay of the original episode and was less for digestive system
      and musculo-skeletal disorders. 28.7% of patients discharged by Dr A and
      31.5 % of those discharged by Dr B were readmitted at least once. Relative
      readmission risk was not significantly different between the consultants
      and there was no difference in the length of stay of readmissions.
      CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the proportion of patients with this age- and
      case-mix who are followed up in a hospital general medical outpatient
      clinic is unlikely to reduce the demand for acute hospital beds.
AD  - Birmingham Heartlands and Solihull NHS Trust (Teaching), Birmingham, UK.
      Raynerh@heartsol.wmids.nhs.uk
FAU - Rayner, Hugh C
AU  - Rayner HC
FAU - Temple, R Mark
AU  - Temple RM
FAU - Marshall, Tim
AU  - Marshall T
FAU - Clarke, Dianne
AU  - Clarke D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020625
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Aged
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - *Continuity of Patient Care
MH  - *Diagnosis-Related Groups
MH  - Episode of Care
MH  - Family Practice/*organization & administration/standards/statistics &
      numerical data
MH  - Great Britain/epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - International Classification of Diseases
MH  - Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Medical Audit
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Outpatient Clinics, Hospital/*utilization
MH  - Patient Readmission/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Utilization Review
EDAT- 2002/06/27 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/23 05:00
PHST- 2001/10/22 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/25 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/25 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Jun 25;2(1):12.

PMID- 12086585
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 18
TI  - Insertion of a small peptide of six amino acids into the beta7-beta8 loop
      of the p51 subunit of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase perturbs the heterodimer
      and affects its activities.
PG  - 18
AB  - BACKGROUND: HIV-1 RT is a heterodimeric enzyme, comprising of the p66 and
      p51 subunits. Earlier, we have shown that the beta7-beta8 loop of p51 is a
      key structural element for RT dimerization (Pandey et al., Biochemistry
      40: 9505, 2001). Deletion or alanine substitution of four amino acid
      residues of this loop in the p51 subunit severely impaired DNA binding and
      catalytic activities of the enzyme. To further examine the role of this
      loop in HIV-1 RT, we have increased its size such that the six amino acids
      loop sequences are repeated in tandem and examined its impact on the
      dimerization process and catalytic function of the enzyme. RESULTS: The
      polymerase and the RNase H activities of HIV-1 RT carrying insertion in
      the beta7-beta8 loop of both the subunits (p66INS/p51INS) were severely
      impaired with substantial loss of DNA binding ability. These enzymatic
      activities were restored when the mutant p66INS subunit was dimerized with
      the wild type p51. Glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis revealed that
      the mutant p51INS subunit was unable to form stable dimer either with the
      wild type p66 or mutant p66INS. Furthermore, the p66INS/p66INS mutant
      sedimented as a monomeric species, suggesting its inability to form stable
      homodimer. CONCLUSION: The data presented herein indicates that any
      perturbation in the beta7-beta8 loop of the p51 subunit of HIV-1 RT
      affects the dimerization process resulting in substantial loss of DNA
      binding ability and catalytic function of the enzyme.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Medicine
      and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange
      Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA. pandeypk@umdnj.edu
FAU - Pandey, Pradeep K
AU  - Pandey PK
FAU - Kaushik, Neerja
AU  - Kaushik N
FAU - Singh, Kamalendra
AU  - Singh K
FAU - Sharma, Bechan
AU  - Sharma B
FAU - Upadhyay, Alok K
AU  - Upadhyay AK
FAU - Kumar, Suriender
AU  - Kumar S
FAU - Harris, Dylan
AU  - Harris D
FAU - Pandey, Virendra N
AU  - Pandey VN
LA  - eng
GR  - CA72821/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020618
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Protein Subunits)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase)
RN  - EC 3.1.26.4 (Ribonuclease H, Calf Thymus)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acids/genetics
MH  - DNA/metabolism
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism
MH  - Dimerization
MH  - HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Mutagenesis, Insertional
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - *Protein Conformation
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Protein Subunits
MH  - RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Ribonuclease H, Calf Thymus/*metabolism
MH  - Ultracentrifugation/methods
EDAT- 2002/06/28 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/02/26 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/18 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/18 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jun 18;3(1):18.

PMID- 12097150
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20040924
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jun 25
TI  - Molecular cloning and tissue distribution of mammalian L-threonine
      3-dehydrogenases.
PG  - 19
AB  - BACKGROUND: In mammals, L-threonine is an indispensable amino acid. The
      conversion of L-threonine to glycine occurs through a two-step biochemical
      pathway involving the enzymes L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase and
      2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase. The L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase
      enzyme has been purified and characterised, but the L-threonine
      3-dehydrogenase gene has not previously been identified in mammals.
      RESULTS: Transcripts for L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase from both the mouse
      and pig are reported. The ORFs of both L-threonine dehydrogenase cDNAs
      encode proteins of 373 residues (41.5 kDa) and they share 80% identity.
      The mouse gene is located on chromosome 14, band C. The amino-terminal
      regions of these proteins have characteristics of a mitochondrial
      targeting sequence and are related to the UDP-galactose 4-epimerases, with
      both enzyme families having an amino-terminal NAD+ binding domain. That
      these cDNAs encode threonine dehydrogenases was shown, previously, by
      tiling 13 tryptic peptide sequences, obtained from purified L-threonine
      dehydrogenase isolated from porcine liver mitochondria, on to the pig ORF.
      These eukaryotic L-threonine dehydrogenases also have significant
      similarity with the prokaryote L-threonine dehydrogenase amino-terminus
      peptide sequence of the bacterium, Clostridium sticklandii. In murine
      tissues, the expression of both L-threonine dehydrogenase and
      2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase mRNAs were highest in the liver
      and were also present in brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, skeletal
      muscle, spleen and testis. CONCLUSIONS: The first cloning of transcripts
      for L-threonine dehydrogenase from eukaryotic organisms are reported.
      However, they do not have any significant sequence homology to the
      well-characterised Escherichia coli L-threonine dehydrogenase.
AD  - Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Centre, Division of
      Investigative Science, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science,
      Technology and Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United
      Kingdom. alasdair.edgar@ic.ac.uk
FAU - Edgar, Alasdair J
AU  - Edgar AJ
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY095535
SI  - GENBANK/AY116662
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020625
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 53-84-9 (NAD)
RN  - EC 1.1 (Alcohol Oxidoreductases)
RN  - EC 1.1.1.103 (L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alcohol Oxidoreductases/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - DNA, Complementary/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mitochondria/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - NAD/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Swine
EDAT- 2002/07/05 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/06/17 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/25 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/25 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jun 25;3(1):19.

PMID- 12110157
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030422
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jul 11
TI  - Application of the development stages of a cluster randomized trial to a
      framework for valuating complex health interventions.
PG  - 13
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Trials of complex health interventions often pose difficult
      methodologic challenges. The objective of this paper is to assess the
      extent to which the various development steps of a cluster randomized
      trial to optimize antibiotic use in nursing homes are represented in a
      recently published framework for the design and evaluation of complex
      health interventions. In so doing, the utility of the framework for health
      services researchers is evaluated. METHODS: Using the five phases of the
      framework (theoretical, identification of components of the intervention,
      definition of trial and intervention design, methodological issues for
      main trial, promoting effective implementation), corresponding stages in
      the development of the cluster randomized trial using diagnostic and
      treatment algorithms to optimize the use of antibiotics in nursing homes
      are identified and described. RESULTS: Synthesis of evidence needed to
      construct the algorithms, survey and qualitative research used to define
      components of the algorithms, a pilot study to assess the feasibility of
      delivering the algorithms, methodological issues in the main trial
      including choice of design, allocation concealment, outcomes, sample size
      calculation, and analysis are adequately represented using the stages of
      the framework. CONCLUSIONS: The framework is a useful resource for
      researchers planning a randomized clinical trial of a complex
      intervention.
AD  - Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
      loebm@mcmaster.ca
FAU - Loeb, Mark B
AU  - Loeb MB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020711
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Cluster Analysis
MH  - Critical Pathways
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Services Research/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Intervention Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Nursing Homes/standards/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Nursing Staff/education
MH  - Ontario
MH  - Qualitative Research
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Urinary Tract Infections/*drug therapy/nursing/urine
EDAT- 2002/07/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/23 05:00
PHST- 2002/03/13 [received]
PHST- 2002/07/11 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/11 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Jul 11;2(1):13.

PMID- 12121577
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021220
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jul 16
TI  - Cloning and characterisation of hAps1 and hAps2, human diadenosine
      polyphosphate-metabolising Nudix hydrolases.
PG  - 20
AB  - BACKGROUND: The human genome contains at least 18 genes for Nudix
      hydrolase enzymes. Many have similar functions to one another. In order to
      understand their roles in cell physiology, these proteins must be
      characterised. RESULTS: We have characterised two novel human gene
      products, hAps1, encoded by the NUDT11 gene, and hAps2, encoded by the
      NUDT10 gene. These cytoplasmic proteins are members of the DIPP subfamily
      of Nudix hydrolases, and differ from each other by a single amino acid.
      Both metabolise diadenosine-polyphosphates and, weakly, diphosphoinositol
      polyphosphates. An apparent polymorphism of hAps1 has also been
      identified, which leads to the point mutation S39N. This has also been
      characterised. The favoured nucleotides were diadenosine
      5',5"'-pentaphosphate (kcat/Km = 11, 8 and 16 x 10(3) M(-1) x s(-1)
      respectively for hAps1, hAps1-39N and hAps2) and diadenosine
      5',5"'-hexaphosphate (kcat/Km = 13, 14 and 11 x 10(3) M(-1) x s(-1)
      respectively for hAps1, hAps1-39N and hAps2). Both hAps1 and hAps2 had pH
      optima of 8.5 and an absolute requirement for divalent cations, with
      manganese (II) being favoured. Magnesium was not able to activate the
      enzymes. Therefore, these enzymes could be acutely regulated by manganese
      fluxes within the cell. CONCLUSIONS: Recent gene duplication has generated
      the two Nudix genes, NUDT11 and NUDT10. We have characterised their gene
      products as the closely related Nudix hydrolases, hAps1 and hAps2. These
      two gene products complement the activity of previously described members
      of the DIPP family, and reinforce the concept that Ap5A and Ap6A act as
      intracellular messengers.
AD  - Division of Cell Signalling, School of Life Sciences, The University of
      Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK. n.r.leslie@dundee.ac.uk
FAU - Leslie, Nick R
AU  - Leslie NR
FAU - McLennan, Alexander G
AU  - McLennan AG
FAU - Safrany, Stephen T
AU  - Safrany ST
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020716
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - EC 3.6 (Acid Anhydride Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (Pyrophosphatases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (diadenosine polyphosphate hydrolase)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (nudix hydrolase)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (nudix hydrolase Aps1, human)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (nudix hydrolase Aps2, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Acid Anhydride Hydrolases/analysis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Cytosol/enzymology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Pyrophosphatases/analysis/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tissue Distribution
MH  - X Chromosome
EDAT- 2002/07/18 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/21 04:00
PHST- 2002/05/17 [received]
PHST- 2002/07/16 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/16 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jul 16;3(1):20.

PMID- 12126482
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030422
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jul 18
TI  - Priority setting for new technologies in medicine: a transdisciplinary
      study.
PG  - 14
AB  - BACKGROUND: Decision makers in health care organizations struggle with how
      to set priorities for new technologies in medicine. Traditional approaches
      to priority setting for new technologies in medicine are insufficient and
      there is no widely accepted model that can guide decision makers.
      DISCUSSION: Daniels and Sabin have developed an ethically based account
      about how priority setting decisions should be made. We have developed an
      empirically based account of how priority setting decisions are made. In
      this paper, we integrate these two accounts into a transdisciplinary model
      of priority setting for new technologies in medicine that is both
      ethically and empirically based. SUMMARY: We have developed a
      transdisciplinary model of priority setting that provides guidance to
      decision makers that they can operationalize to help address priority
      setting problems in their institution.
AD  - University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, 88 College St, Toronto,
      Canada M5G-1L4. jegibson@chass.utoronto.ca
FAU - Gibson, Jennifer L
AU  - Gibson JL
FAU - Martin, Douglas K
AU  - Martin DK
FAU - Singer, Peter A
AU  - Singer PA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020718
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Consensus
MH  - *Decision Making, Organizational
MH  - *Ethics, Institutional
MH  - Health Priorities/*ethics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Managed Care Programs/ethics
MH  - Models, Organizational
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Resource Allocation
MH  - Social Justice
MH  - Social Responsibility
MH  - Social Values
MH  - Technology Assessment, Biomedical/*ethics
MH  - United States
EDAT- 2002/07/20 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/23 05:00
PHST- 2001/12/21 [received]
PHST- 2002/07/18 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/18 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Jul 18;2(1):14.

PMID- 12149129
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021122
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Jul 30
TI  - Improvement of Drosophila acetylcholinesterase stability by elimination of
      a free cysteine.
PG  - 21
AB  - BACKGROUND: Acetylcholinesterase is irreversibly inhibited by
      organophosphate and carbamate insecticides allowing its use for residue
      detection with biosensors. Drosophila acetylcholinesterase is the most
      sensitive enzyme known and has been improved by in vitro mutagenesis.
      However, it is not sufficiently stable for extensive utilization. It is a
      homodimer in which both subunits contain 8 cysteine residues. Six are
      involved in conserved intramolecular disulfide bridges and one is involved
      in an interchain disulfide bridge. The 8th cysteine is not conserved and
      is present at position 290 as a free thiol pointing toward the center of
      the protein. RESULTS: The free cysteine has been mutated to valine and the
      resulting protein has been assayed for stability using various denaturing
      agents: temperature, urea, acetonitrile, freezing, proteases and
      spontaneous-denaturation at room temperature. It was found that the C290V
      mutation rendered the protein 1.1 to 2.7 fold more stable depending on the
      denaturing agent. CONCLUSION: It seems that stabilization resulting from
      the cysteine to valine mutation originates from a decrease of
      thiol-disulfide interchanges and from an increase in the hydrophobicity of
      the buried side chain.
AD  - Laboratoire de Synthese et Physicochimie des Molecules d'Interet
      Biologique, UMR 5068, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse, France.
      isa10yann@yahoo.fr
FAU - Fremaux, Isabelle
AU  - Fremaux I
FAU - Mazeres, Serge
AU  - Mazeres S
FAU - Brisson-Lougarre, Andree
AU  - Brisson-Lougarre A
FAU - Arnaud, Muriel
AU  - Arnaud M
FAU - Ladurantie, Caroline
AU  - Ladurantie C
FAU - Fournier, Didier
AU  - Fournier D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020730
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 52-90-4 (Cysteine)
RN  - 7004-03-7 (Valine)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylcholinesterase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cysteine/*chemistry/genetics
MH  - Drosophila melanogaster/*enzymology
MH  - Enzyme Stability
MH  - Hydrophobicity
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Mutagenesis
MH  - Protein Denaturation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Valine/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/01 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2002/05/18 [received]
PHST- 2002/07/30 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/30 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Jul 30;3(1):21.

PMID- 12153701
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030422
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Aug 1
TI  - Accuracy of responses from postal surveys about continuing medical
      education and information behavior: experiences from a survey among German
      diabetologists.
PG  - 15
AB  - BACKGROUND: Postal surveys are a popular instrument for studies about
      continuing medical education habits. But little is known about the
      accuracy of responses in such surveys. The objective of this study was to
      quantify the magnitude of inaccurate responses in a postal survey among
      physicians. METHODS: A sub-analysis of a questionnaire about continuing
      medical education habits and information management was performed. The
      five variables used for the quantitative analysis are based on a question
      about the knowledge of a fictitious technical term and on inconsistencies
      in contingency tables of answers to logically connected questions.
      RESULTS: Response rate was 52%. Non-response bias is possible but seems
      not very likely since an association between demographic variables and
      inconsistent responses could not be found. About 10% of responses were
      inaccurate according to the definition. CONCLUSION: It was shown that a
      sub-analysis of a questionnaire makes a quantification of inaccurate
      responses in postal surveys possible. This sub-analysis revealed that a
      notable portion of responses in a postal survey about continuing medical
      education habits and information management was inaccurate.
AD  - Research Group Medicine/Research Unit Biotechnology, Society, and
      Environment, University of Hamburg, Germany. trelle@uni-hamburg.de
FAU - Trelle, Sven
AU  - Trelle S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Studies
DEP - 20020801
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Clinical Competence
MH  - Decision Making
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus/*therapy
MH  - Education, Medical, Continuing/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Evidence-Based Medicine/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Family Practice/education/standards
MH  - Female
MH  - Germany
MH  - Humans
MH  - Internal Medicine/education/standards
MH  - Male
MH  - Meta-Analysis
MH  - Pediatrics/education/standards
MH  - Physician's Practice Patterns/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Postal Service
MH  - Primary Health Care/*standards
MH  - Problem Solving
MH  - *Questionnaires
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Risk Reduction Behavior
EDAT- 2002/08/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/23 05:00
PHST- 2002/04/12 [received]
PHST- 2002/08/01 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/01 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Aug 1;2(1):15.

PMID- 12154231
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Restriction of lentivirus in monkeys.
PG  - 11920-5
AB  - Retroviruses are able to cross species barriers and have done so many
      times throughout evolution. Perhaps as a consequence, dominant mechanisms
      have arisen to block infection by murine retroviruses in mice (restriction
      factor Fv1) and humans (restriction factor Ref1), as well as in other
      mammals. Here we describe a block to HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus
      in monkeys. Like previously described restrictions the block is saturable
      and gives rise to multiple-hit infection kinetics. Furthermore, like
      restriction of murine leukemia virus in humans, the block is before
      reverse transcription. Intriguingly, African green monkey cells are able
      to block both HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus, and each virus is
      able to saturate and abrogate the restriction of the other, suggesting
      that a common factor is responsible.
AD  - Wohl Virion Centre, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology,
      University College London, 46 Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, United
      Kingdom.
FAU - Besnier, Caroline
AU  - Besnier C
FAU - Takeuchi, Yasuhiro
AU  - Takeuchi Y
FAU - Towers, Greg
AU  - Towers G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020801
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Virus Inhibitors)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
SB  - IM
CIN - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11549-51. PMID: 12195025
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA Primers
MH  - DNA Replication
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - HIV-1/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Haplorhini
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/genetics
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - SIV/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - *Virus Inhibitors
EDAT- 2002/08/03 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/01 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.172384599 [doi]
AID - 172384599 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11920-5. Epub 2002 Aug 1.

PMID- 12167173
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021122
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Aug 7
TI  - Combinatorial diversity of fission yeast SCF ubiquitin ligases by homo-
      and heterooligomeric assemblies of the F-box proteins Pop1p and Pop2p.
PG  - 22
AB  - BACKGROUND: SCF ubiquitin ligases share the core subunits cullin 1, SKP1,
      and HRT1/RBX1/ROC1, which associate with different F-box proteins. F-box
      proteins bind substrates following their phosphorylation upon stimulation
      of various signaling pathways. Ubiquitin-mediated destruction of the
      fission yeast cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Rum1p depends on two
      heterooligomerizing F-box proteins, Pop1p and Pop2p. Both proteins
      interact with the cullin Pcu1p when overexpressed, but it is unknown
      whether this reflects their co-assembly into bona fide SCF complexes.
      RESULTS: We have identified Psh1p and Pip1p, the fission yeast homologues
      of human SKP1 and HRT1/RBX1/ROC1, and show that both associate with Pop1p,
      Pop2p, and Pcu1p into a ~500 kDa SCFPop1p-Pop2p complex, which supports
      polyubiquitylation of Rum1p. Only the F-box of Pop1p is required for
      SCFPop1p-Pop2p function, while Pop2p seems to be attracted into the
      complex through binding to Pop1p. Since all SCFPop1p-Pop2p subunits,
      except for Pop1p, which is exclusively nuclear, localize to both the
      nucleus and the cytoplasm, the F-box of Pop2p may be critical for the
      assembly of cytoplasmic SCFPop2p complexes. In support of this notion, we
      demonstrate individual SCFPop1p and SCFPop2p complexes bearing ubiquitin
      ligase activity. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that distinct homo- and
      heterooligomeric assemblies of Pop1p and Pop2p generate combinatorial
      diversity of SCFPop function in fission yeast. Whereas a heterooligomeric
      SCFPop1p-Pop2p complex mediates polyubiquitylation of Rum1p,
      homooligomeric SCFPop1p and SCFPop2p complexes may target unknown nuclear
      and cytoplasmic substrates.
AD  - Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,
      Boston, MA, USA. vseibert@europroteome.com
FAU - Seibert, Volker
AU  - Seibert V
FAU - Prohl, Corinna
AU  - Prohl C
FAU - Schoultz, Ida
AU  - Schoultz I
FAU - Rhee, Edward
AU  - Rhee E
FAU - Lopez, Rebecca
AU  - Lopez R
FAU - Abderazzaq, Kareem
AU  - Abderazzaq K
FAU - Zhou, Chunshui
AU  - Zhou C
FAU - Wolf, Dieter A
AU  - Wolf DA
LA  - eng
GR  - ES-00002/ES/NIEHS
GR  - GM50780/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020807
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Macromolecular Substances)
RN  - 0 (Protein Subunits)
RN  - 0 (Rum1 protein, S pombe)
RN  - 0 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ubiquitins)
RN  - EC 6.3.2. (Peptide Synthases)
RN  - EC 6.3.2.19 (SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Cell Compartmentation
MH  - Macromolecular Substances
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Peptide Synthases/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Protein Subunits
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases
MH  - Schizosaccharomyces/*enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Schizosaccharomyces pombe
      Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Ubiquitins/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/09 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PHST- 2002/06/07 [received]
PHST- 2002/08/07 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/07 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Aug 7;3(1):22.

PMID- 12183222
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Resistance to macrolides and related antibiotics in Streptococcus
      pneumoniae.
PG  - 2727-34
AD  - Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHRU de Caen, Caen, France.
      leclercq-r@chu-caen.fr
FAU - Leclercq, Roland
AU  - Leclercq R
FAU - Courvalin, Patrice
AU  - Courvalin P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 114-07-8 (Erythromycin)
RN  - EC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.66 (rRNA (adenosine-O-2'-)methyltransferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/drug effects
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Erythromycin/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Methylation
MH  - Methyltransferases/genetics
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - RNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Ribosomes/drug effects/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/*drug effects/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2727-34.

PMID- 12183223
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Importance of the fourth alpha-helix within the CAP homology domain of
      type II topoisomerase for DNA cleavage site recognition and quinolone
      action.
PG  - 2735-46
AB  - We report that point mutations causing alteration of the fourth
      alpha-helix (alpha4-helix) of the CAP homology domain of eukaryotic
      (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) type II topoisomerases (Ser(740)Trp,
      Gln(743)Pro, and Thr(744)Pro) change the selection of type II
      topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage sites promoted by Ca(2+) or produced
      by etoposide, the fluoroquinolone CP-115,953, or mitoxantrone. By
      contrast, Thr(744)Ala substitution had minimal effect on Ca(2+)- and
      drug-stimulated DNA cleavage sites, indicating the selectivity of single
      amino acid substitutions within the alpha4-helix on type II
      topoisomerase-mediated DNA cleavage. The equivalent mutation in the gene
      for Escherichia coli gyrase causing Ser(83)Trp also changed the DNA
      cleavage pattern generated by Ca(2+) or quinolones. Finally, Thr(744)Pro
      substitution in the yeast type II topoisomerase rendered the enzyme
      sensitive to antibacterial quinolones. This study shows that the
      alpha4-helix within the conserved CAP homology domain of type II
      topoisomerases is critical for selecting the sites of DNA cleavage. It
      also demonstrates that selective amino acid residues in the alpha4-helix
      are important in determining the activity and possibly the binding of
      quinolones to the topoisomerase II-DNA complexes.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Oncology, West German Cancer
      Center, University Medical School of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
      dirk.strumberg@uni-essen.de
FAU - Strumberg, Dirk
AU  - Strumberg D
FAU - Nitiss, John L
AU  - Nitiss JL
FAU - Dong, Jiaowang
AU  - Dong J
FAU - Walker, Jerrylaine
AU  - Walker J
FAU - Nicklaus, Marc C
AU  - Nicklaus MC
FAU - Kohn, Kurt W
AU  - Kohn KW
FAU - Heddle, Jonathan G
AU  - Heddle JG
FAU - Maxwell, Anthony
AU  - Maxwell A
FAU - Seeber, Siegfried
AU  - Seeber S
FAU - Pommier, Yves
AU  - Pommier Y
LA  - eng
GR  - CA21765/CA/NCI
GR  - CA52814/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (4-Quinolones)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Fluoroquinolones)
RN  - 0 (RNA Cap-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 136440-70-5 (CP 115953)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - EC 5.99.1.- (DNA Gyrase)
RN  - EC 5.99.1.- (DNA Topoisomerases, Type II, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - 4-Quinolones
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Calcium/pharmacology
MH  - DNA Fragmentation
MH  - DNA Gyrase/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - DNA Topoisomerases, Type II, Bacterial/biosynthesis/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Escherichia coli/enzymology
MH  - *Fluoroquinolones
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - RNA Cap-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2735-46.

PMID- 12183224
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibilities of three rickettsial species
      including Rickettsia felis by a quantitative PCR DNA assay.
PG  - 2747-51
AB  - Rickettsiae grow only intracellularly, and the antibiotic susceptibilities
      of these bacteria have been assessed by either plaque, dye uptake, or
      immunofluorescence assays, which are time-consuming. We used a
      quantitative PCR (with the LightCycler instrument) to assess the levels of
      inhibition of Rickettisa felis, R. conorii, and R. typhi DNA synthesis in
      the presence of various antibiotics. We established the kinetics of
      rickettsial DNA during growth and showed that R. conorii grows more
      quickly than R. typhi in cell culture, with maximum replication occurring
      after 5 and 7 days, respectively. The MICs of the antibiotics tested for
      R. conorii and R. typhi by the quantitative PCR assay were similar to
      those previously obtained by plaque and dye uptake assays. We found that
      R. felis is susceptible to doxycycline, rifampin, thiamphenicol, and
      fluoroquinolones but not to gentamicin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, or
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The resistance of this new species to
      erythromycin is consistent with its current taxonomic position within the
      spotted fever group. We believe that quantitative PCR could be used in the
      future to simplify and shorten antibiotic susceptibility assays of other
      rickettsiae and other strict intracellular pathogens.
AD  - Unite des Rickettsies CNRS UPRES-A 6020, Faculte de Medecine, Universite
      de la Mediterranee, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
FAU - Rolain, Jean-Marc
AU  - Rolain JM
FAU - Stuhl, Laetitia
AU  - Stuhl L
FAU - Maurin, Max
AU  - Maurin M
FAU - Raoult, Didier
AU  - Raoult D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Dyes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Calibration
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/*drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Dyes
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Rickettsia/*drug effects
MH  - Rickettsia conorii/drug effects
MH  - Rickettsia felis/drug effects
MH  - Rickettsia typhi/drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2747-51.

PMID- 12183225
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - N-alkyl urea hydroxamic acids as a new class of peptide deformylase
      inhibitors with antibacterial activity.
PG  - 2752-64
AB  - Peptide deformylase (PDF) is a prokaryotic metalloenzyme that is essential
      for bacterial growth and is a new target for the development of
      antibacterial agents. All previously reported PDF inhibitors with
      sufficient antibacterial activity share the structural feature of a
      2-substituted alkanoyl at the P(1)' site. Using a combination of iterative
      parallel synthesis and traditional medicinal chemistry, we have identified
      a new class of PDF inhibitors with N-alkyl urea at the P(1)' site.
      Compounds with MICs of <or=4 micro g/ml against gram-positive and
      gram-negative pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus
      pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae, have been identified. The
      concentrations needed to inhibit 50% of enzyme activity (IC(50)s) for
      Escherichia coli Ni-PDF were <or=0.1 micro M, demonstrating the
      specificity of the inhibitors. In addition, these compounds were very
      selective for PDF, with IC(50)s of consistently >200 micro M for
      matrilysin and other mammalian metalloproteases. Structure-activity
      relationship analysis identified preferred substitutions resulting in
      improved potency and decreased cytotoxity. One of the compounds (VRC4307)
      was cocrystallized with PDF, and the enzyme-inhibitor structure was
      determined at a resolution of 1.7 A. This structural information indicated
      that the urea compounds adopt a binding position similar to that
      previously determined for succinate hydroxamates. Two compounds, VRC4232
      and VRC4307, displayed in vivo efficacy in a mouse protection assay, with
      50% protective doses of 30.8 and 17.9 mg/kg of body weight, respectively.
      These N-alkyl urea hydroxamic acids provide a starting point for
      identifying new PDF inhibitors that can serve as antimicrobial agents.
AD  - Versicor, Inc., Fremont, California 94555, USA.
FAU - Hackbarth, Corinne J
AU  - Hackbarth CJ
FAU - Chen, Dawn Z
AU  - Chen DZ
FAU - Lewis, Jason G
AU  - Lewis JG
FAU - Clark, Kirk
AU  - Clark K
FAU - Mangold, James B
AU  - Mangold JB
FAU - Cramer, Jeffrey A
AU  - Cramer JA
FAU - Margolis, Peter S
AU  - Margolis PS
FAU - Wang, Wen
AU  - Wang W
FAU - Koehn, Jim
AU  - Koehn J
FAU - Wu, Charlotte
AU  - Wu C
FAU - Lopez, S
AU  - Lopez S
FAU - Withers, George 3rd
AU  - Withers G 3rd
FAU - Gu, Helen
AU  - Gu H
FAU - Dunn, Elina
AU  - Dunn E
FAU - Kulathila, R
AU  - Kulathila R
FAU - Pan, Shi-Hao
AU  - Pan SH
FAU - Porter, Wilma L
AU  - Porter WL
FAU - Jacobs, Jeff
AU  - Jacobs J
FAU - Trias, Joaquim
AU  - Trias J
FAU - Patel, Dinesh V
AU  - Patel DV
FAU - Weidmann, Beat
AU  - Weidmann B
FAU - White, Richard J
AU  - White RJ
FAU - Yuan, Zhengyu
AU  - Yuan Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (Hydroxamic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Protease Inhibitors)
RN  - 57-13-6 (Urea)
RN  - EC 3.4.11 (Aminopeptidases)
RN  - EC 3.5. (Amidohydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.5.1.88 (peptide deformylase)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Amidohydrolases
MH  - Aminopeptidases/*antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacteria/drug effects
MH  - Biotransformation
MH  - Crystallography, X-Ray
MH  - DNA Primers
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
MH  - Escherichia coli/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Haemophilus influenzae/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydroxamic Acids/*chemical synthesis/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Conformation
MH  - Protease Inhibitors/*chemical synthesis/pharmacokinetics/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Septicemia/drug therapy/microbiology
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Urea/*analogs & derivatives/chemical
      synthesis/pharmacokinetics/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2752-64.

PMID- 12183226
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Oxidative stress increases susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to
      isoniazid.
PG  - 2765-71
AB  - Isoniazid is a first-line antibiotic used in the treatment of infections
      caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Isoniazid is a prodrug requiring
      oxidative activation by the catalase-peroxidase hemoprotein, KatG.
      Resistance to isoniazid can be obtained by point mutations in the katG
      gene, with one of the most common being a threonine-for-serine
      substitution at position 315 (S315T). The S315T mutation is found in more
      than 50% of isoniazid-resistant clinical isolates and results in an
      approximately 200-fold increase in the MIC of isoniazid compared to that
      for M. tuberculosis H37Rv. In the present study we investigated the
      hypothesis that superoxide plays a role in KatG-mediated isoniazid
      activation. Plumbagin and clofazimine, compounds capable of generating
      superoxide anion, resulted in a lower MIC of isoniazid for M. tuberculosis
      H37Rv and a strain carrying the S315T mutation. These agents did not cause
      as great of an increase in isoniazid susceptibility in the mutant strain
      when the susceptibilities were assessed by using the inhibitory
      concentration that causes a 50% decrease in growth. These results provide
      evidence that superoxide can play a role in isoniazid activation. Since
      clofazimine alone has antitubercular activity, the observation of
      synergism between clofazimine and isoniazid raises the interesting
      possibility of using both drugs in combination to treat M. tuberculosis
      infections.
AD  - Section of Hematology Research and Department of Biochemistry and
      Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
FAU - Bulatovic, Vanja M
AU  - Bulatovic VM
FAU - Wengenack, Nancy L
AU  - Wengenack NL
FAU - Uhl, James R
AU  - Uhl JR
FAU - Hall, Leslie
AU  - Hall L
FAU - Roberts, Glenn D
AU  - Roberts GD
FAU - Cockerill, Franklin R 3rd
AU  - Cockerill FR 3rd
FAU - Rusnak, Frank
AU  - Rusnak F
LA  - eng
GR  - AI47142/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Naphthoquinones)
RN  - 0 (Oxidants)
RN  - 11062-77-4 (Superoxides)
RN  - 2030-63-9 (Clofazimine)
RN  - 481-42-5 (plumbagin)
RN  - 54-85-3 (Isoniazid)
RN  - EC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases)
RN  - EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase HPI)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - *Bacterial Proteins
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Clofazimine/pharmacology
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Isoniazid/*pharmacology
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Naphthoquinones/pharmacology
MH  - Oxidants/metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*physiology
MH  - Peroxidases/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Superoxides/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2765-71.

PMID- 12183227
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Heterologous expression of epothilone biosynthetic genes in Myxococcus
      xanthus.
PG  - 2772-8
AB  - Epothilones are potential anticancer drugs that stabilize microtubules in
      a manner similar to paclitaxel (Taxol). Epothilones are produced from the
      myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, which has a 16-h doubling time and
      produces only milligram-per-liter amounts of epothilone A and epothilone
      B. Furthermore, genetic manipulation of S. cellulosum is difficult. To
      produce epothilones in a more genetically amenable and rapidly growing
      host, we chose the closely related and best-characterized myxobacteria
      Myxococcus xanthus. We inserted 65.4 kb of S. cellulosum DNA that
      encompassed the entire epothilone gene cluster into the chromosome of M.
      xanthus by a series of homologous recombination events. The resulting
      strain produced epothilones A and B. Construction of a strain that
      contained a mutation in epoK, the P450 epoxidase, resulted in production
      of epothilones C and D.
AD  - Kosan Biosciences, Inc., Hayward, California 94545, USA. julien@kosan.com
FAU - Julien, Bryan
AU  - Julien B
FAU - Shah, Sanjay
AU  - Shah S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Epothilones)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (epothilone C)
RN  - 0 (epothilone D)
RN  - 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System)
RN  - EC 1. (Oxidoreductases)
RN  - EC 1.- (EpoK protein, Polyangium cellulosum)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Chromosomes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Epothilones/*biosynthesis/*genetics
MH  - Escherichia coli/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/*genetics
MH  - Multigene Family/genetics
MH  - Mutation/genetics
MH  - Myxococcus xanthus/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Oxidoreductases/genetics
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Protein Engineering
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2772-8.

PMID- 12183228
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Different levels of genetic homogeneity in vancomycin-resistant and
      -susceptible Enterococcus faecium isolates from different human and animal
      sources analyzed by amplified-fragment length polymorphism.
PG  - 2779-83
AB  - The genetic relationship among fecal vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
      faecium (VREF) and vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEF) isolates (n =
      178) from the same populations of pigs, human healthy volunteers, and
      hospitalized patients (from The Netherlands) and chickens (from The
      Netherlands and Greece) was studied by amplified-fragment length
      polymorphism (AFLP). The majority of VREF isolates from pigs, healthy
      volunteers, and hospitalized patients grouped together (genetic
      similarity, >or=65%). In a previous AFLP study by our group the VREF
      isolates from hospitalized patients grouped separately, most likely
      because these were clinical and not fecal isolates as in the present
      study. Furthermore, VSEF isolates from humans and pigs were found much
      more genetically diverse than VREF isolates, whereas VREF and VSEF
      isolates from chickens clustered together in a separate genogroup (genetic
      similarity, >or=65%), a pattern clearly distinct from the patterns for
      human and pig isolates. The present study suggests that pigs are a more
      important source of VREF for humans than chickens and that human- and
      pig-derived VSEF isolates seem much more heterogeneous than VREF isolates.
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Maastricht, The
      Netherlands.
FAU - Bruinsma, Nienke
AU  - Bruinsma N
FAU - Willems, Rob J L
AU  - Willems RJ
FAU - van den Bogaard, Anthony E
AU  - van den Bogaard AE
FAU - van Santen-Verheuvel, Marga
AU  - van Santen-Verheuvel M
FAU - London, Nancy
AU  - London N
FAU - Driessen, Christel
AU  - Driessen C
FAU - Stobberingh, Ellen E
AU  - Stobberingh EE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Glycopeptide)
RN  - 1404-90-6 (Vancomycin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibiotics, Glycopeptide/pharmacology
MH  - Enterococcus faecium/*drug effects/*genetics
MH  - Feces/microbiology
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology/transmission
MH  - Humans
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
MH  - Poultry
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Swine
MH  - Vancomycin/pharmacology
MH  - Vancomycin Resistance/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2779-83.

PMID- 12183229
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The LisRK signal transduction system determines the sensitivity of
      Listeria monocytogenes to nisin and cephalosporins.
PG  - 2784-90
AB  - The Listeria monocytogenes two-component signal transduction system,
      LisRK, initially identified in strain LO28, plays a significant role in
      the virulence potential of this important food-borne pathogen. Here, it is
      shown that, in addition to its major contribution in responding to
      ethanol, pH, and hydrogen peroxide stresses, LisRK is involved in the
      ability of the cell to tolerate important antimicrobials used in food and
      in medicine, e.g., the lantibiotic nisin and the cephalosporin family of
      antibiotics. A (Delta)lisK mutant (lacking the LisK histidine kinase
      sensor component) displays significantly enhanced resistance to the
      lantibiotic nisin, a greatly enhanced sensitivity to the cephalosporins,
      and a large reduction in the expression of three genes thought to encode a
      penicillin-binding protein, another histidine kinase (other than LisK),
      and a protein of unknown function. Confirmation of the role of LisRK was
      obtained when the response regulator, LisR, was overexpressed using both
      constitutive and inducible (nisin-controlled expression) systems. Under
      these conditions we observed a reversion of the (Delta)lisK mutant to
      wild-type growth kinetics in the presence of nisin. It was also found that
      overexpression of LisR complemented the reduced expression of two of the
      aforementioned genes. These results demonstrate the important role of
      LisRK in the response of L. monocytogenes to a number of antimicrobial
      agents.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and National Food Biotechnology Centre,
      University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
FAU - Cotter, Paul D
AU  - Cotter PD
FAU - Guinane, Caitriona M
AU  - Guinane CM
FAU - Hill, Colin
AU  - Hill C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Peptide)
RN  - 0 (Cephalosporins)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 1414-45-5 (Nisin)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.3.- (protein-histidine kinase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Peptide/*pharmacology
MH  - Cephalosporins/*pharmacology
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Listeria monocytogenes/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Nisin/*pharmacology
MH  - Plasmids
MH  - Protein Kinases/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Signal Transduction/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Transcription Factors/*genetics/physiology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2784-90.

PMID- 12183230
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Genetic and biochemical characterization of CGB-1, an Ambler class B
      carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from Chryseobacterium gleum.
PG  - 2791-6
AB  - Chryseobacterium gleum (previously included in the Flavobacterium IIb
      species) is a gram-negative aerobe that is a source of nosocomial
      infections. An Ambler class B beta-lactamase gene was cloned and expressed
      in Escherichia coli from reference strain C. gleum CIP 103039 that had
      reduced susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins and
      carbapenems. The purified beta-lactamase, CGB-1, with a pI value of 8.6
      and a determined relative molecular mass of ca. 26 kDa, hydrolyzed
      penicillins; narrow- and expanded-spectrum cephalosporins; and
      carbapenems. CGB-1 was a novel member of the molecular subclass B1 of
      metallo-enzymes. It had 83 and 42% amino acid identity with IND-1 from
      Chryseobacterium indologenes and BlaB from C. meningosepticum,
      respectively. Thus, in addition to the previously characterized clavulanic
      acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CGA-1 of Ambler class A,
      C. gleum produces a very likely chromosome-borne class B beta-lactamase.
AD  - Service de Bacteriologie-Virologie, Hopital de Bicetre, Assistance
      Publique/Hopitaux de Paris, Faculte de Medecine Paris-Sud, 94275 Le
      Kremlin-Bicetre Cedex, France.
FAU - Bellais, Samuel
AU  - Bellais S
FAU - Naas, Thierry
AU  - Naas T
FAU - Nordmann, Patrice
AU  - Nordmann P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Carbapenems)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Recombinant)
RN  - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 58001-44-8 (Clavulanic Acid)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase CGB-1, Chryseobacterium gleum)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Bacteria/drug effects/enzymology/*genetics
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Carbapenems/*pharmacology
MH  - Clavulanic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Conjugation, Genetic
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - DNA, Recombinant/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Enzyme Induction/drug effects
MH  - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Isoelectric Focusing
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - beta-Lactamases/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2791-6.

PMID- 12183231
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Frequency of disinfectant resistance genes and genetic linkage with
      beta-lactamase transposon Tn552 among clinical staphylococci.
PG  - 2797-803
AB  - A total of 61 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 177 coagulase-negative
      staphylococcal strains were isolated from the blood of patients with
      bloodstream infections and from the skin of both children under cancer
      treatment and human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. The MIC
      analyses revealed that 118 isolates (50%) were resistant to quaternary
      ammonium compound-based disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BC). The
      frequencies of resistance to a range of antibiotics were significantly
      higher among BC-resistant staphylococci than among BC-sensitive
      staphylococci. Of 78 BC-resistant staphylococcal isolates, plasmid DNA
      from 65 (83%), 2 (3%), 43 (55%), and 15 (19%) isolates hybridized to qacA
      or -B (qacA/B), qacC, blaZ, and tetK probes, respectively. The qacA/B and
      blaZ probes hybridized to the same plasmid in 19 (24%) staphylococcal
      strains. The plasmids harboring both qacA/B and blaZ genes varied from
      approximately 20 to 40 kb. The Staphylococcus epidermidis Fol62 isolate,
      harboring multiresistance plasmid pMS62, contained qacA/B and blaZ
      together with tetK. Molecular and genetic studies indicated different
      structural arrangements of blaZ and qacA/B, including variable intergenic
      distances and transcriptional directions of the two genes on the same
      plasmid within the strains. The different organizations may be due to the
      presence of various genetic elements involved in cointegration,
      recombination, and rearrangements. These results indicate that qac
      resistance genes are common and that linkage between resistance to
      disinfectants and penicillin resistance occurs frequently in clinical
      isolates in Norway. Moreover, the higher frequency of antibiotic
      resistance among BC-resistant strains indicates that the presence of
      either resistance determinant selects for the other during antimicrobial
      therapy and disinfection in hospitals.
AD  - MATFORSK, Norwegian Food Research Institute, N-1430 As, Norway.
FAU - Sidhu, Maan Singh
AU  - Sidhu MS
FAU - Heir, Even
AU  - Heir E
FAU - Leegaard, Truls
AU  - Leegaard T
FAU - Wiger, Karianne
AU  - Wiger K
FAU - Holck, Askild
AU  - Holck A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Disinfectants)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - DNA Transposable Elements/*genetics
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Disinfectants/*pharmacology
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Linkage (Genetics)/*genetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
MH  - Staphylococcus/*drug effects/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2797-803.

PMID- 12183232
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Isoniazid-induced transient high-level resistance in Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis.
PG  - 2804-10
AB  - An American Type Culture Collection reference strain and eight clinical
      strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, all of which were susceptible to
      isoniazid (INH) (mean MIC, 0.06 mg/liter) and negative for the Ser315Thr
      katG mutation, were left in their BACTEC 12B vials (for use with the
      BACTEC 460-TB method) containing 0.1 mg of INH per liter for periods of up
      to 28 days after the completion of the antibiotic susceptibility test.
      Each eventually grew to levels compatible with those of INH-resistant
      strains. Successive passages in INH-containing BACTEC 12B vials and onto
      solid media showed that the resistance noted above was maintained.
      Successive passages of these M. tuberculosis strains in which INH
      resistance had been induced into BACTEC 12B vials or solid media
      containing stepwise increases in INH concentrations eventually yielded
      organisms resistant to 20 mg of INH per liter. Transfer of cells in which
      INH resistance had been induced to drug-free medium followed by repeated
      passages in that medium eventually yielded organisms whose susceptibility
      to INH was identical to that of the original parent strains. The cycle of
      induced INH resistance could be repeated with these now INH-susceptible
      cells. The use of M. tuberculosis identification probes and IS6110-based
      restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of cultures throughout
      the induction of INH resistance and the reversal of resistance in
      drug-free medium eliminated the possibility that the culture was
      contaminated or that the initial specimen had a mixed type of infection.
      Induced high-level resistance to INH (20 mg/liter) could be reduced
      100-fold with a subinhibitory concentration of reserpine but not with
      verapamil. These results collectively suggest that high-level resistance
      to INH can be induced in INH-susceptible M. tuberculosis strains by the
      induction of a reserpine-sensitive efflux mechanism.
AD  - Unit of Mycobacteriology, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical,
      Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal.
FAU - Viveiros, Miguel
AU  - Viveiros M
FAU - Portugal, Isabel
AU  - Portugal I
FAU - Bettencourt, Rosario
AU  - Bettencourt R
FAU - Victor, Thomas C
AU  - Victor TC
FAU - Jordaan, Annemarie M
AU  - Jordaan AM
FAU - Leandro, Clara
AU  - Leandro C
FAU - Ordway, Diane
AU  - Ordway D
FAU - Amaral, Leonard
AU  - Amaral L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antitubercular Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Calcium Channel Blockers)
RN  - 50-55-5 (Reserpine)
RN  - 52-53-9 (Verapamil)
RN  - 54-85-3 (Isoniazid)
RN  - EC 1.11.1. (Peroxidases)
RN  - EC 1.11.1.6 (catalase HPI)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antitubercular Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - *Bacterial Proteins
MH  - Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial
MH  - Isoniazid/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Peroxidases/genetics
MH  - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reserpine/pharmacology
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Verapamil/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2804-10.

PMID- 12183233
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Identification and analysis of amino acid mutations in porin IB that
      mediate intermediate-level resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in
      Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
PG  - 2811-20
AB  - PenB is the third resistance determinant in the stepwise acquisition of
      multiple resistance genes in chromosomally mediated resistant Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae (CMRNG). Alterations in por(IB), one of two alleles at the por
      locus that encodes the outer membrane protein porin IB (PIB), were
      recently reported to be responsible for the increased resistance to
      penicillin and tetracycline conferred by penB, but the specific mutations
      conferring antibiotic resistance were not identified experimentally. To
      determine which amino acids in PIB confer increased resistance, we
      transformed a recipient strain with chimeras of the por(IB) genes from
      strains FA1090 and FA140 (penB2). These studies revealed that two amino
      acid changes, G120D and A121D, were both necessary and sufficient to
      confer increased resistance to penicillin and tetracycline.
      Site-saturation and site-directed mutagenesis of Gly-120 and Ala-121
      revealed that both a single mutation, G120K, and the double mutations
      G120R A121H and G120P A121P also conferred antibiotic resistance to the
      recipient strain. The identical mutations in PIA increased penicillin and
      tetracycline resistance either moderately or not at all. Analysis of
      por(IB) genes present in the GenBank database from 51 clinical isolates
      demonstrated that lysine and aspartate mutations at positions 120 and/or
      121 also occur in nature. These studies demonstrate that charged amino
      acids at positions 120 and 121 in PIB are highly preferential for
      conferring resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in N. gonorrhoeae.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel
      Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7365, USA.
FAU - Olesky, Melanie
AU  - Olesky M
FAU - Hobbs, Marcia
AU  - Hobbs M
FAU - Nicholas, Robert A
AU  - Nicholas RA
LA  - eng
GR  - AI-36901/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Chimeric Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Porins)
RN  - 0 (porin proteins, Neisseria)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Chimeric Proteins/chemistry/genetics
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation/*genetics
MH  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects/*genetics/growth & development
MH  - Penicillin Resistance/*genetics
MH  - Porins/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Tetracycline Resistance/*genetics
MH  - Transformation, Bacterial
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2811-20.

PMID- 12183234
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Antibiotic resistance genes and Salmonella genomic island 1 in Salmonella
      enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated in Italy.
PG  - 2821-8
AB  - Fifty-four epidemiologically unrelated multidrug-resistant Salmonella
      enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates, collected between 1992 and 2000 in
      Italy, were analyzed for the presence of integrons. Strains were also
      tested for Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1), carrying antibiotic
      resistance genes in DT104 strains. A complete SGI1 was found in the
      majority of the DT104 strains. Two DT104 strains, showing resistance to
      streptomycin-spectinomycin and sulfonamides, carried a partially deleted
      SGI1 lacking the flo(st), tetR, and tetA genes, conferring
      chloramphenicol-florfenicol and tetracycline resistance, and the integron
      harboring the pse-1 gene cassette, conferring ampicillin resistance. The
      presence of SGI1 was also observed in serovar Typhimurium strains
      belonging to other phage types, suggesting either the potential mobility
      of this genomic island or changes in the phage-related phenotype of DT104
      strains.
AD  - Laboratory of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di
      Sanita, Rome, Italy. alecara@iss.it
FAU - Carattoli, Alessandra
AU  - Carattoli A
FAU - Filetici, Emma
AU  - Filetici E
FAU - Villa, Laura
AU  - Villa L
FAU - Dionisi, Anna Maria
AU  - Dionisi AM
FAU - Ricci, Antonia
AU  - Ricci A
FAU - Luzzi, Ida
AU  - Luzzi I
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF261825
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blotting, Southern
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/*genetics
MH  - Genome, Bacterial
MH  - Humans
MH  - Italy
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Salmonella Infections/microbiology
MH  - Salmonella enterica/*drug effects/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2821-8.

PMID- 12183235
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The Candida dubliniensis CdCDR1 gene is not essential for fluconazole
      resistance.
PG  - 2829-41
AB  - The present study investigated the role of the Candida dubliniensis CdCDR1
      and CdCDR2 genes in the development of fluconazole resistance. The C.
      dubliniensis CdCDR1 gene was 92% identical at the nucleotide sequence
      level to the corresponding C. albicans gene. However, 58% (14 of 24) of C.
      dubliniensis genotype 1 isolates tested harbored a nonsense mutation in
      the CdCDR1 open reading frame that converted codon 756 (TAT) to a TAG
      translational stop codon. Analysis of five of these C. dubliniensis
      isolates by Western immunoblotting showed that they expressed a truncated
      85-kDa CdCdr1p compared to the full-length 170-kDa CdCdr1p. Expression of
      CdCDR1 alleles from six C. dubliniensis isolates in a pdr5 Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae strain revealed that CdCDR1 alleles from three isolates that
      encoded truncated proteins were unable to confer resistance to drugs and
      antifungals. However, reassignment of the TAG sequence at codon 756 to TAT
      (encoding tyrosine) in an allele from strain CD36 conferred the ability to
      mediate resistance to multiple drugs. Fluconazole-resistant isolates of C.
      dubliniensis harboring functional alleles of CdCDR1 were found to exhibit
      two- to ninefold-higher levels of CdCDR1 mRNA than did matched
      fluconazole-susceptible isolates. By comparison, levels of CdMDR1
      expression ranged from approximately 50- to 100-fold greater in resistant
      isolates. Fluconazole resistance was also identified in isolates harboring
      nonfunctional CdCDR1 alleles, but resistance in these isolates was only
      associated with increased CdMDR1 expression. Targeted disruption of two
      functional alleles of CdCDR1 in a fluconazole-resistant derivative of C.
      dubliniensis that overexpressed both CdCDR1 and CdMDR1 revealed that
      although CdCDR1 was important for mediating reduced susceptibility to
      itraconazole and ketoconazole, there was no affect on fluconazole
      susceptibility in the double mutant. Evidence presented in this study
      reveals that CdCDR1 is not essential for the development of fluconazole
      resistance in C. dubliniensis.
AD  - Microbiology Research Unit, Department of Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine and
      Pathology, School of Dental Science, Trinity College, University of
      Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
FAU - Moran, Gary
AU  - Moran G
FAU - Sullivan, Derek
AU  - Sullivan D
FAU - Morschhauser, Joachim
AU  - Morschhauser J
FAU - Coleman, David
AU  - Coleman D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters)
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Azoles)
RN  - 0 (CDR1 protein, Candida albicans)
RN  - 0 (CDR2 protein, fungal)
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 86386-73-4 (Fluconazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Azoles/pharmacology
MH  - Blotting, Southern
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Candida/*drug effects/*genetics
MH  - DNA Primers/pharmacology
MH  - DNA, Fungal/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance, Fungal
MH  - Fluconazole/*pharmacology
MH  - Fungal Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Gene Targeting
MH  - Membrane Transport Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Transformation, Genetic/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2829-41.

PMID- 12183236
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Effect of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine on vaccinia virus (orthopoxvirus)
      infections in mice.
PG  - 2842-7
AB  - There is a concern that there may be unregistered stocks of smallpox that
      can be used for bioterrorism or biological warfare. According to the WHO
      Advisory Committee on Variola Research, there is a need to develop
      strategies to treat smallpox infections should they reappear. It would
      also be important to have an effective drug at hand for the treatment of
      monkeypox disease in humans. We show here that 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine
      (IDU) is a potent inhibitor of vaccinia virus (VV) replication and that
      IDU inhibits VV DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent way. The in vivo
      protective effect of IDU was assessed in the VV tail lesion model in
      immunocompetent mice and in a lethal model for VV infection in SCID
      (severe combined immune deficiency) mice that had been infected either
      intranasally, intraperitoneally, or intravenously. Subcutaneous treatment
      with IDU at 150 and 100 mg/kg of body weight markedly reduced the number
      of tail lesions in immunocompetent NMRI mice. Untreated intranasally
      VV-infected SCID mice died at 20.8 +/- 3.1 days after infection (mean +/-
      standard deviation). Treatment with IDU (subcutaneously, 150 mg/kg/day
      [from day 0 to 4] and 75 mg/kg/day [from day 6 to 11]) delayed-virus
      induced mortality by 15 days (mean day of death +/- standard deviation,
      35.8 +/- 6.7; P < 0.0001). This protective effect was associated with (i)
      an improvement of lung histology and (ii) a marked reduction in lung viral
      titers. IDU also delayed VV-induced mortality when mice had either been
      infected intraperitoneally or intravenously. Even when the start of
      treatment with IDU (in intraperitoneally VV-infected mice) was postponed
      until 2 or 4 days after infection, an important delay in virus-induced
      mortality was noted.
AD  - Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000
      Leuven, Belgium. johan.neyts@rega.kuleuven.ac.be
FAU - Neyts, Johan
AU  - Neyts J
FAU - Verbeken, Erik
AU  - Verbeken E
FAU - De Clercq, Erik
AU  - De Clercq E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 54-42-2 (Idoxuridine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Body Weight/physiology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Growth/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Idoxuridine/*therapeutic use
MH  - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology
MH  - Lung/virology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, SCID
MH  - Plaque Assay
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tail/pathology
MH  - Vaccinia/*drug therapy/pathology/virology
MH  - *Vaccinia virus
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2842-7.

PMID- 12183237
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Penciclovir susceptibilities of herpes simplex virus isolates from
      patients using penciclovir cream for treatment of recurrent herpes
      labialis.
PG  - 2848-53
AB  - The antiherpesvirus agent penciclovir (PCV) shares an identical activation
      pathway and a similar mode of action with acyclovir (ACV). However, since
      PCV represents a relatively recent treatment option, the clinical
      resistance profile to PCV is less well known. A susceptibility program was
      established to assess the resistance profile for serial herpes simplex
      virus isolates from immunocompetent patients with recurrent herpes
      labialis obtained throughout a 4-day period of treatment with topical PCV
      (1% cream) or a placebo. Two isolates (2 of 1,035 [0.19%]), representing
      0.34% of the patients (2 of 585), were confirmed to be PCV-resistant
      (Pcv(r)) herpes simplex virus type 1 by a plaque reduction assay in MRC-5
      cells. These two viruses were highly resistant to PCV (50% inhibitory
      concentrations [IC(50)s], >55 micro g/ml) and were isolated less than 17 h
      after the start of patient-initiated treatment. However, subsequent
      isolates on days 2 and 3 from these patients were completely susceptible
      to PCV (IC(50)s, <2.0 micro g/ml). Thus, it is not clear whether the
      resistance to PCV for these two early-treatment isolates was directly
      associated with the 17 h of PCV treatment; several possible explanations
      are discussed. In an analysis of the distribution of IC(50) differences
      between the first and last isolates, there were three patients with minor
      IC(50) increases in the PCV-treated population and one in the
      placebo-treated group, although statistically, only the latter was an
      outlier. No patients were found to have Pcv(r) virus at the end of acute
      treatment, regardless of treatment group. Overall, the prevalence of
      Pcv(r) was found to be similar to the 0.3% Acv(r) reported for
      immunocompetent, untreated populations.
AD  - Department of Host Defense, The Antimicrobial and Host Defense Center of
      Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals,
      Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426-0989, USA. robert_t_sarisky@gsk.com
FAU - Sarisky, Robert T
AU  - Sarisky RT
FAU - Bacon, Teresa
AU  - Bacon T
FAU - Boon, Ron
AU  - Boon R
FAU - Locke, Leslie
AU  - Locke L
FAU - Nguyen, Tammy T
AU  - Nguyen TT
FAU - Leary, Jeffry
AU  - Leary J
FAU - Esser, Klaus
AU  - Esser K
FAU - Saltzman, Robin
AU  - Saltzman R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 39809-25-1 (penciclovir)
RN  - 59277-89-3 (Acyclovir)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Protein-Tyrosine Kinase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyclovir/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Autoradiography
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral
MH  - Frameshift Mutation/genetics
MH  - Herpes Labialis/*drug therapy/*virology
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Plaque Assay
MH  - Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
MH  - Recurrence
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2848-53.

PMID- 12183238
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Samarangenin B from Limonium sinense suppresses herpes simplex virus type
      1 replication in Vero cells by regulation of viral macromolecular
      synthesis.
PG  - 2854-64
AB  - Inhibitory effects of ethanolic extracts from 10 Chinese herbs on herpes
      simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication were investigated. By a
      bioassay-guided fractionation procedure, samarangenin B (Sam B) was
      isolated from Limonium sinense; Sam B significantly suppressed HSV-1
      multiplication in Vero cells without apparent cytotoxicity.
      Time-of-addition experiments suggested that the inhibitory action of Sam B
      on HSV-1 replication was not due to the blocking of virus adsorption. In
      an attempt to further localize the point in the HSV-1 replication cycle
      where arrest occurred, a set of key regulatory events leading to viral
      multiplication was examined, including viral immediate-early (alpha),
      early (beta), and late (gamma) gene expression and DNA replication.
      Results indicated that levels of glycoprotein B (gB), gC, gD, gG, and
      infected-cell protein 5 (ICP5) expression and gB mRNA expression in Vero
      cells were impeded by Sam B. Data from PCR showed that replication of
      HSV-1 DNA in Vero cells was arrested by Sam B. Furthermore, Sam B
      decreased DNA polymerase, ICP0, and ICP4 gene expression in Vero cells.
      Results of an electrophoretic mobility shift assay demonstrated that Sam B
      interrupted the formation of an alpha-trans-induction
      factor/C1/Oct-1/GARAT multiprotein complex. The mechanisms of antiviral
      action of Sam B seem to be mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting HSV-1
      alpha gene expression, including expression of the ICP0 and ICP4 genes, by
      blocking beta transcripts such as DNA polymerase mRNA, and by arresting
      HSV-1 DNA synthesis and structural protein expression in Vero cells. These
      results show that Sam B is an antiviral agent against HSV-1 replication.
AD  - National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine,Taipei, Taiwan, Republic
      of China. kuo9111@cma23.nricm.edu.tw
FAU - Kuo, Yuh-Chi
AU  - Kuo YC
FAU - Lin, Lie-Chwen
AU  - Lin LC
FAU - Tsai, Wei-Jern
AU  - Tsai WJ
FAU - Chou, Cheng-Jen
AU  - Chou CJ
FAU - Kung, Szu-Hao
AU  - Kung SH
FAU - Ho, Yen-Hui
AU  - Ho YH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Benzopyrans)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (samarangenin B)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Benzopyrans/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - DNA Replication/drug effects
MH  - DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - DNA, Viral/*biosynthesis
MH  - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
MH  - Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Plaque Assay
MH  - Plumbaginaceae/*chemistry
MH  - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Virus Replication/*drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2854-64.

PMID- 12183239
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Immunomodulatory effect of zidovudine (ZDV) on cytotoxic T lymphocytes
      previously exposed to ZDV.
PG  - 2865-71
AB  - In a previous study, zidovudine (ZDV) was shown to cause a
      concentration-dependent inhibition of antigen-specific cytotoxic
      T-lymphocyte (CTL) clonal expansion (S. Francke, C. G. Orosz, K. A. Hayes,
      and L. E. Mathes, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:1900-1905, 2000).
      However, this suppressive effect was lost if exposure to ZDV was delayed
      for 24 to 48 h during the antigen sensitization period, suggesting that
      antigen-primed CTL may be less susceptible than naive T lymphocytes to the
      suppressive effects of ZDV. The present study was undertaken to determine
      if naive T lymphocytes were more sensitive to the suppressive effects of
      ZDV than T lymphocytes previously exposed to antigen. The 50% inhibitory
      concentration (IC(50)) values of ZDV were determined on naive and
      antigen-primed T-cell responses in an alloantigen system. Lymphocyte
      cultures with continuous antigen exposure (double prime) were more
      resistant to ZDV suppression (IC(50) = 316 micro M) than were naive
      lymphocytes (IC(50) = 87.5 micro M). Interestingly, lymphocytes that were
      antigen primed but deprived of antigen during the final 7 days of culture
      (prime/hold) were exquisitely sensitive to ZDV suppression (IC(50) = 29.3
      micro M). The addition of 80 micro M ZDV during the initial priming of the
      single-prime (prime/hold) and double-prime cultures did not select for a
      more drug-resistant cell population. The differences in ZDV sensitivities
      are likely a reflection of the physiological properties of the lymphocytes
      related to their activation state.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The
      Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
FAU - Francke, Sabine
AU  - Francke S
FAU - Orosz, Charles G
AU  - Orosz CG
FAU - Hsu, Jason
AU  - Hsu J
FAU - Mathes, Lawrence E
AU  - Mathes LE
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 CA16058/CA/NCI
GR  - R01 AI40855/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Chromium Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 30516-87-1 (Zidovudine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Antigens, Viral/immunology
MH  - Cell Separation
MH  - Chromium Radioisotopes/diagnostic use
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral
MH  - Female
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Interleukin-2/pharmacology
MH  - Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred DBA
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*drug effects/*immunology
MH  - Zidovudine/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2865-71.

PMID- 12183240
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Antiviral activities of MCC-478, a novel and specific inhibitor of
      hepatitis B virus.
PG  - 2872-7
AB  - MCC-478 is a newly synthesized
      2-amino-6-arylthio-9-phosphonomethoxyethylpurine bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)
      ester derivative. MCC-478 showed a substantially higher (ca. 80-fold)
      anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity than that of lamivudine, despite no
      significant anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. Since the
      bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ester group was used to improve the oral
      bioavailability of the phosphonomethoxyethylpurine derivatives, two
      monoester derivatives and one phosphonic acid derivative were also
      evaluated. It was suggested that these hydrolyzed derivatives, which
      appeared in animals given MCC-478, have enough anti-HBV activity to
      contribute to efficacy in vivo. Furthermore, no apparent cytotoxic effects
      or reductions of mitochondrial DNA content by MCC-478 and its derivatives
      were observed. These results indicated that MCC-478 may be a new promising
      anti-HBV agent.
AD  - Research Laboratory IV, Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Japan.
      Kamiya.Naohiro@mh.m-pharma.co.jp
FAU - Kamiya, Naohiro
AU  - Kamiya N
FAU - Kubota, Atsushi
AU  - Kubota A
FAU - Iwase, Yumiko
AU  - Iwase Y
FAU - Sekiya, Kouichi
AU  - Sekiya K
FAU - Ubasawa, Masaru
AU  - Ubasawa M
FAU - Yuasa, Satoshi
AU  - Yuasa S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (2-amino-6-(4-methoxyphenylthio)-9-(2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl)purine
      bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) ester)
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Mitochondrial)
RN  - 0 (Purines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/toxicity
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - DNA, Mitochondrial/drug effects
MH  - HIV-1/drug effects
MH  - Hepatitis B virus/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Purines/*pharmacology
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Virus Replication/drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2872-7.

PMID- 12183241
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Effects of neutrophils on cefazolin activity and penicillin-binding
      proteins in Staphylococcus aureus abscesses.
PG  - 2878-84
AB  - Bacteria survive within abscesses despite antimicrobial therapy, usually
      necessitating drainage. Our previous work showed that bacterial killing is
      diminished within the neutrophils of animals with abscesses. To further
      assess the role of neutrophils in Staphylococcus aureus survival and the
      poor activities of beta-lactams in abscesses, tissue cage abscess-bearing
      rats were given polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-depleting antibody prior
      to and several times following inoculation of the tissue cages with S.
      aureus. Cefazolin (300 mg/kg of body weight/day) was administered to all
      animals in appropriately divided doses. After 7 days of antimicrobial
      therapy, the 17 animals that received anti-PMN serum had significantly
      fewer abscess neutrophils than the 18 controls and fewer abscess bacteria
      (5.55 versus 3.79 log(10) CFU/ml [P = 0.04]) than the 18 controls. The
      data were consistent with the premise that cefazolin is more effective in
      abscesses depleted of neutrophils. To investigate further, S. aureus was
      incubated with rat peritoneal neutrophils; and bacterial cell membrane
      proteins were isolated, labeled with biotinylated ampicillin, separated by
      electrophoresis, blotted onto nitrocellulose, and stained for biotin
      reactivity. PBP 2 expression was consistently and significantly decreased
      after a brief, nonkilling PMN exposure. These experiments showed that PMN
      depletion enhanced the activity of cefazolin in the abscess milieu.
      Furthermore, altered bacterial cell wall cefazolin targets may be the
      mechanism by which the PMN diminishes antimicrobial activity, suggesting
      the importance of the staphylococcus-PMN interaction in the outcome of
      established infections.
AD  - Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of
      Missouri--Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA.
      bambergerd@umkc.edu
FAU - Bamberger, David M
AU  - Bamberger DM
FAU - Herndon, Betty L
AU  - Herndon BL
FAU - Fitch, Jeffrey
AU  - Fitch J
FAU - Florkowski, Aaron
AU  - Florkowski A
FAU - Parkhurst, Vera
AU  - Parkhurst V
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Penicillin-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 25953-19-9 (Cefazolin)
RN  - 58-85-5 (Biotin)
RN  - 69-53-4 (Ampicillin)
RN  - EC 2.3.2.12 (Peptidyl Transferases)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.- (Hexosyltransferases)
RN  - EC 3.4.17.8 (Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Abscess/immunology/*microbiology
MH  - Ampicillin/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - *Bacterial Proteins
MH  - Biotin
MH  - Carrier Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Cefazolin/*pharmacology
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes
MH  - *Hexosyltransferases
MH  - Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Male
MH  - Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase/*metabolism
MH  - Neutropenia/microbiology
MH  - Neutrophils/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Penicillin-Binding Proteins
MH  - *Peptidyl Transferases
MH  - Phagocytosis/drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections/immunology/*microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2878-84.

PMID- 12183242
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Efficacy of quinupristin-dalfopristin in preventing vascular graft
      infection due to Staphylococcus epidermidis with intermediate resistance
      to glycopeptides.
PG  - 2885-8
AB  - A rat model was used to investigate the efficacy of
      quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) in the prevention of vascular prosthetic
      graft infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis
      with intermediate resistance to glycopeptides. The in vitro activity of
      the compound was compared to that of vancomycin by MIC determination and
      time-kill study. Moreover, the efficacy of collagen-sealed Q-D-soaked
      Dacron was evaluated in a rat model of graft infection. Graft infections
      were established in the subcutaneous tissue of the backs of 120 adult male
      Wistar rats. The in vivo study included a control group, one contaminated
      group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated
      groups that received grafts soaked with 10 and 100 micro g of Q-D per ml,
      respectively, and two contaminated groups that received grafts soaked with
      10 and 100 micro g of vancomycin per ml, respectively. Rats that received
      Dacron grafts soaked with 100 micro g of Q-D per ml showed no evidence of
      infection (<10 CFU/ml). In contrast, for rats that received Dacron grafts
      soaked with 10 micro g of Q-D per ml and Dacron grafts soaked with 10 or
      100 micro g of vancomycin per ml, the quantitative graft cultures
      demonstrated 2.2 x 10(2) +/- 1.3 x 10(2), 2.2 x 10(6) +/- 1.9 x 10(5), and
      5.6 x 10(2) +/- 0.3 x 10(2) CFU/ml, respectively. Taken together the
      results of the study demonstrate that the use of Dacron grafts soaked with
      Q-D can result in significant bacterial growth inhibition and show that
      this compound is potentially valuable for prevention of vascular
      prosthetic graft infection.
AD  - Institute of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, University of Ancona,
      Italy. anconacmi@interfree.it
FAU - Giacometti, Andrea
AU  - Giacometti A
FAU - Cirioni, Oscar
AU  - Cirioni O
FAU - Ghiselli, Roberto
AU  - Ghiselli R
FAU - Orlando, Fiorenza
AU  - Orlando F
FAU - Mocchegiani, Federico
AU  - Mocchegiani F
FAU - Riva, Alessandra
AU  - Riva A
FAU - Del Prete, Maria Simona
AU  - Del Prete MS
FAU - Saba, Vittorio
AU  - Saba V
FAU - Scalise, Giorgio
AU  - Scalise G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Glycopeptide)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Peptide)
RN  - 11006-76-1 (Virginiamycin)
RN  - 126602-89-9 (quinupristin-dalfopristin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibiotics, Glycopeptide/*pharmacology
MH  - Antibiotics, Peptide/*therapeutic use
MH  - Blood Vessel Prosthesis/*adverse effects
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Male
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology/*prevention & control
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/*prevention & control
MH  - *Staphylococcus epidermidis
MH  - Vancomycin Resistance
MH  - Virginiamycin/*therapeutic use
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2885-8.

PMID- 12183243
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - In vitro and in vivo synergy of fosmidomycin, a novel antimalarial drug,
      with clindamycin.
PG  - 2889-94
AB  - Fosmidomycin acts through inhibition of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
      (DOXP) reductoisomerase, a key enzyme of the nonmevalonate pathway of
      isoprenoid biosynthesis. It possesses potent antimalarial activity in
      vitro and in murine malaria. In a recent clinical study, fosmidomycin was
      effective and well tolerated in the treatment of patients with acute
      uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria but resulted in an
      unacceptably high rate of recrudescence. In order to identify a potential
      combination partner, the interaction of fosmidomycin with a number of
      antimalarial drugs in current use was investigated in a series of in vitro
      experiments. Synergy was observed between fosmidomycin and the
      lincosamides, lincomycin and clindamycin. The efficacy of a combination of
      fosmidomycin and clindamycin was subsequently demonstrated in the
      Plasmodium vinckei mouse model.
AD  - Institute of Biochemistry, Academic Hospital Centre,
      Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany. Jochen.Wiesner@Jomaa.de
FAU - Wiesner, Jochen
AU  - Wiesner J
FAU - Henschker, Dajana
AU  - Henschker D
FAU - Hutchinson, David B
AU  - Hutchinson DB
FAU - Beck, Ewald
AU  - Beck E
FAU - Jomaa, Hassan
AU  - Jomaa H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antimalarials)
RN  - 18323-44-9 (Clindamycin)
RN  - 23155-02-4 (Fosfomycin)
RN  - 66508-53-0 (fosmidomycin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Antimalarials/*pharmacology
MH  - Clindamycin/*pharmacology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drug Synergism
MH  - Fosfomycin/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Malaria/drug therapy/parasitology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2889-94.

PMID- 12183244
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Ertapenem versus ceftriaxone followed by appropriate oral therapy for
      treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in adults: results of a
      prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study.
PG  - 2895-900
AB  - The efficacy and safety of intravenous (i.v.) ertapenem (1 g once a day)
      with the option to switch to an oral agent for treatment of adults with
      complicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) were compared with that of
      i.v. ceftriaxone (1 g daily) with the same oral switch option in a
      multicenter, double-blind, prospective, randomized study. At entry, 592
      patients were assigned to one of two strata: acute pyelonephritis or other
      complicated UTI without acute pyelonephritis. After a minimum of 3 days,
      patients could be switched to an oral antimicrobial agent. A total of 159
      patients in the ertapenem group and 171 patients in the ceftriaxone group
      were microbiologically evaluable. Approximately 95% of patients in each
      treatment group were switched to oral therapy. The most common pathogens
      were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. At the primary efficacy
      endpoint 5 to 9 days after treatment, 91.8% of patients who received
      ertapenem and 93.0% of those who received ceftriaxone had a favorable
      microbiological response (95% confidence interval for the difference,
      adjusting for strata, -7.6 to 5.1%), indicating that outcomes in the two
      treatment groups were equivalent. Microbiological success rates for the
      two treatment groups were similar when compared by stratum and also by
      severity of infection. The frequency and severity of drug-related adverse
      events were generally similar in both treatment groups. In this study,
      ertapenem was as effective as ceftriaxone for the initial treatment of
      complicated UTIs in adults, was generally well tolerated, and had a
      similar overall safety profile.
AD  - Alaska Clinical Research Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA.
FAU - Tomera, Kevin M
AU  - Tomera KM
FAU - Burdmann, Emmanuel A
AU  - Burdmann EA
FAU - Reyna, Oscar G Pamo
AU  - Reyna OG
FAU - Jiang, Qi
AU  - Jiang Q
FAU - Wimmer, Wendy M
AU  - Wimmer WM
FAU - Woods, Gail L
AU  - Woods GL
FAU - Gesser, Richard M
AU  - Gesser RM
CN  - Protocol 014 Study Group.
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary)
RN  - 0 (Cephalosporins)
RN  - 0 (Lactams)
RN  - 0 (ertapenem)
RN  - 73384-59-5 (Ceftriaxone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Ceftriaxone/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Cephalosporins/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Lactams
MH  - Male
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Urinary Tract Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology/urine
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2895-900.

PMID- 12183245
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Method for estimation of low outer membrane permeability to beta-lactam
      antibiotics.
PG  - 2901-7
AB  - The outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria plays a major role in
      beta-lactam resistance as it slows down antibiotic entry into the
      periplasm and therefore acts in synergy with beta-lactamases and efflux
      systems. Up to now, the quantitative estimation of low outer membrane
      permeability by the method of Zimmermann and Rosselet was difficult
      because of the secreted and cell surface-associated beta-lactamases. The
      method presented here uses the acylation of a highly sensitive periplasmic
      penicillin-binding protein (PBP) (BlaR-CTD) to assess the rate of
      beta-lactam penetration into the periplasm. The method is dedicated to
      measurement of low permeability and is only valid when the diffusion rate
      through the outer membrane is rate limiting. Cytoplasmic membrane
      associated PBPs do not interfere since they are acylated after the very
      sensitive BlaR-CTD. This method was used to measure the permeability of
      beta-lactamase-deficient strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter
      aerogenes to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime,
      aztreonam, and cephacetrile. Except for that of cephacetrile, the
      permeability coefficients were equal to or below 10(-7) cm/s. For
      cephacetrile, carbenicillin, and benzylpenicillin, the outer membrane of
      E. cloacae was 20 to 60 times less permeable than that of Escherichia
      coli, whereas for cefotaxime, aztreonam, and ampicillin it was,
      respectively, 400, 1,000, and 700 times less permeable. The permeability
      coefficient for aztreonam is the lowest ever measured (P = 3.2 x 10(-9)
      cm/s). Using these values, the MICs for a beta-lactamase-overproducing
      strain of E. cloacae were successfully predicted, demonstrating the
      validity of the method.
AD  - Laboratoire d'Enzymologie and Centre d'Ingenierie des Proteines,
      Universite de Liege, Institut de Chimie, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.
FAU - Lakaye, Bernard
AU  - Lakaye B
FAU - Dubus, Alain
AU  - Dubus A
FAU - Joris, Bernard
AU  - Joris B
FAU - Frere, Jean-Marie
AU  - Frere JM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Penicillins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 61-33-6 (Penicillin G)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acylation
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism
MH  - Bacteria/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Enterobacter/drug effects
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Membranes/metabolism
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Penicillin G/metabolism
MH  - Penicillins/metabolism
MH  - Permeability
MH  - Plasmids
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - beta-Lactamases/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2901-7.

PMID- 12183246
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - High incidence of cefoxitin and clindamycin resistance among anaerobes in
      Taiwan.
PG  - 2908-13
AB  - Susceptibilities to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by measurement
      of MICs for 344 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered from patients
      with significant infections. Resistance rates varied among antimicrobial
      agents and the species tested. The beta-lactams were more active in
      gram-positive than in gram-negative anaerobes. Resistance to meropenem was
      low (<1%). For beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitors,
      piperacillin-tazobactam was most active for all species (resistance, <6%).
      The rates of resistance to cefoxitin (31 to 65%) and clindamycin (50 to
      70%) for non-Bacteroides fragilis species of the B. fragilis group were
      higher than those for B. fragilis (4% resistant to cefoxitin and 33%
      resistant to clindamycin). Among members of B. fragilis group, Bacteroides
      thetaiotaomicron was the most resistant to clindamycin (70%) and cefoxitin
      (65%). Rates of susceptibility to imipenem and metronidazole for B.
      fragilis continue to be high compared to those from a previous study 10
      years ago. However, resistance to metronidazole was found recently in five
      strains of B. fragilis. We analyzed the genetic relationships among the
      metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains by pulsed-field gel
      electrophoresis. The metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains showed
      genotypic heterogeneity, excluding the dissemination of a single clone.
AD  - School of Medical Technology, National Taiwan University College of
      Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. ljteng@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
FAU - Teng, Lee-Jene
AU  - Teng LJ
FAU - Hsueh, Po-Ren
AU  - Hsueh PR
FAU - Tsai, Jui-Chang
AU  - Tsai JC
FAU - Liaw, Shwu-Jen
AU  - Liaw SJ
FAU - Ho, Shen-Wu
AU  - Ho SW
FAU - Luh, Kwen-Tay
AU  - Luh KT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Cephamycins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 18323-44-9 (Clindamycin)
RN  - 35607-66-0 (Cefoxitin)
RN  - 443-48-1 (Metronidazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Bacteria, Anaerobic/*drug effects
MH  - Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Bacteroides/drug effects
MH  - Bacteroides fragilis/drug effects
MH  - Cefoxitin/*pharmacology
MH  - Cephamycins/*pharmacology
MH  - Clindamycin/*pharmacology
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Metronidazole/pharmacology
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Taiwan/epidemiology
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2908-13.

PMID- 12183247
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Characterization of sparsomycin resistance in Streptomyces sparsogenes.
PG  - 2914-9
AB  - The antitumor antibiotic sparsomycin, produced by Streptomyces
      sparsogenes, is a universal translation inhibitor that blocks the peptide
      bond formation in ribosomes from all species. Sparsomycin-resistant
      strains were selected by transforming the sensitive Streptomyces lividans
      with an S. sparsogenes library. Resistance was linked to the presence of a
      plasmid containing an S. sparsogenes 5.9-kbp DNA insert. A restriction
      analysis of the insert traced down the resistance to a 3.6-kbp DNA
      fragment, which was sequenced. The analysis of the fragment nucleotide
      sequence together with the previous restriction data associate the
      resistance to srd, an open reading frame of 1,800 nucleotides. Ribosomes
      from S. sparsogenes and the S. lividans-resistant strains are equally
      sensitive to the inhibitor and bind the drug with similar affinity.
      Moreover, the drug was not modified by the resistant strains. However,
      resistant cells accumulated less antibiotic than the sensitive ones. In
      addition, membrane fractions from the resistant strains showed a higher
      capacity for binding the drug. The results indicate that resistance in the
      producer strain is not connected to either ribosome modification or drug
      inactivation, but it might be related to an alteration in the sparsomycin
      permeability barrier.
AD  - Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de
      Investigaciones Cientificas y Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Canto
      Blanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Lazaro, E
AU  - Lazaro E
FAU - Sanz, E
AU  - Sanz E
FAU - Remacha, M
AU  - Remacha M
FAU - Ballesta, J P G
AU  - Ballesta JP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antineoplastic)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 1404-64-4 (Sparsomycin)
RN  - 63-91-2 (Phenylalanine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Genomic Library
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Phenylalanine/biosynthesis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Ribosomes/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Sparsomycin/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Streptomyces/*drug effects
MH  - Subcellular Fractions/drug effects/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2914-9.

PMID- 12183248
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Consumption of imipenem correlates with beta-lactam resistance in
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
PG  - 2920-5
AB  - It is generally assumed that the antibiotic prescription policy of a
      hospital has a significant impact on bacterial resistance rates; however,
      few studies are available to support this concept with valid statistical
      data. During a 3-year period from 1997 to 2000, we monitored the
      consumption of beta-lactam and other antibiotics with known activity
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a 600-bed community hospital. Monthly
      isolations of P. aeruginosa were assessed, and resistance rates were
      recorded. Partial correlation coefficients between consumption and
      resistance rates were determined, taking into account possible
      associations with other variables such as seasonal effects and transfers
      from other hospitals. A total of 30 +/- 7 novel P. aeruginosa strains per
      month were isolated without epidemic clustering. Prescriptions of imipenem
      varied significantly during the study period, while prescriptions of other
      antipseudomonal agents were stable, with the exception of an increase in
      piperacillin-tazobactam prescriptions. Rates of resistance of P.
      aeruginosa to the antimicrobial agents used showed a time course similar
      to figures for imipenem consumption. Monthly rates of resistance to
      imipenem (partial correlation coefficient [cc], 0.63),
      piperacillin-tazobactam (cc, 0.57), and ceftazidime (cc, 0.56) were
      significantly associated with imipenem prescription rates in the same or
      the preceding month, while consumption of ceftazidime or
      piperacillin-tazobactam had no apparent association with resistance. Among
      the variables investigated, imipenem consumption was identified as the
      major factor associated with both carbapenem and beta-lactam resistance in
      endemic P. aeruginosa. Periods of extensive imipenem use were associated
      with significant increases in resistance. Our data support the concept
      that a written antibiotic policy which balances the use of various
      antibiotic classes may help to avoid disturbances of a hospital's
      microbial sensitivity patterns.
AD  - Section of Hospital Hygiene, Department of Medical Microbiology and
      Hygiene, Ulm University Hospital, Germany.
FAU - Lepper, Philipp M
AU  - Lepper PM
FAU - Grusa, Eberhard
AU  - Grusa E
FAU - Reichl, Helga
AU  - Reichl H
FAU - Hogel, Josef
AU  - Hogel J
FAU - Trautmann, Matthias
AU  - Trautmann M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Thienamycins)
RN  - 64090-99-9 (thienamycin)
RN  - 74431-23-5 (Imipenem)
SB  - IM
MH  - Drug Utilization
MH  - Hospitals, Community/organization & administration
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hygiene
MH  - Imipenem/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Prescriptions, Drug
MH  - Pseudomonas Infections/*epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Public Policy
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Thienamycins/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - *beta-Lactam Resistance
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2920-5.

PMID- 12183249
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 genotypic and pharmacokinetic
      determinants of the virological response to lopinavir-ritonavir-containing
      therapy in protease inhibitor-experienced patients.
PG  - 2926-32
AB  - The response to regimens including lopinavir-ritonavir (LPV/r) in patients
      who have received multiple protease (PR) inhibitors (PI) can be analyzed
      in terms of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypic and
      pharmacokinetic (pK) determinants. We studied these factors and the
      evolution of HIV-1 resistance in response to LPV/r in a prospective study
      of patients receiving LPV/r under a temporary authorization in Bordeaux,
      France. HIV-1 PR and reverse transcriptase sequences were determined at
      baseline LPV/r for all the patients and at month 3 (M3) and M6 in the
      absence of response to treatment. pK measurements were determined at M1
      and M3. Virological failure (VF) was defined as a plasma viral load
      >or=400 copies/ml at M3. A multivariate analysis of the predictors of VF,
      including clinical and biological characteristics and the treatment
      history of the patients, was performed. The PR gene sequence at M0,
      including individual mutations or a previously defined LPV mutation score
      (D. J. Kempf, J. D. Isaacson, M. S. King, S. C. Brun, Y. Xu, K. Real, B.
      M. Bernstein, A. J. Japour, E. Sun, and R. A. Rode, J. Virol.
      75:7262-7269, 2001), and the individual exposure to LPV were also included
      covariates. Sixty-eight patients were enrolled. Thirty-four percent had a
      virological response at M3. An LPV mutation score of >5 mutations, the
      presence of the PR I54V mutation at baseline, a high number of previous
      PIs, prior therapy with ritonavir or indinavir, absence of coprescription
      of efavirenz, and a lower exposure to LPV or lower LPV trough
      concentrations were independently associated with VF on LPV/r. Additional
      PI resistance mutations, including primary mutation I50V, could be
      selected in patients failing on LPV/r. Genotypic and pK parameters should
      be used to optimize the virological response to LPV/r in PI-experienced
      patients and to avoid further viral evolution.
AD  - Laboratoire de Virologie, Hopital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France.
      bernard.masquelier@chu-bordeaux.fr
FAU - Masquelier, Bernard
AU  - Masquelier B
FAU - Breilh, Dominique
AU  - Breilh D
FAU - Neau, Didier
AU  - Neau D
FAU - Lawson-Ayayi, Sylvie
AU  - Lawson-Ayayi S
FAU - Lavignolle, Valerie
AU  - Lavignolle V
FAU - Ragnaud, Jean-Marie
AU  - Ragnaud JM
FAU - Dupon, Michel
AU  - Dupon M
FAU - Morlat, Philippe
AU  - Morlat P
FAU - Dabis, F
AU  - Dabis F
FAU - Fleury, H
AU  - Fleury H
CN  - Groupe d' Epidemiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine.
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Drug Combinations)
RN  - 0 (HIV Protease Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Pyrimidinones)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Ritonavir)
RN  - 192725-17-0 (lopinavir)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.- (HIV Protease)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Drug Combinations
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*metabolism/virology
MH  - HIV Protease/genetics
MH  - HIV Protease Inhibitors/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - HIV-1/*drug effects/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Pyrimidinones/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - RNA, Viral/blood
MH  - Ritonavir/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Salvage Therapy
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2926-32.

PMID- 12183250
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparative study of mechanisms of herpes simplex virus inactivation by
      sodium lauryl sulfate and n-lauroylsarcosine.
PG  - 2933-42
AB  - The mechanisms of herpes simplex virus (HSV) inactivation by sodium lauryl
      sulfate (SLS) and n-lauroylsarcosine (LS), two anionic surfactants with
      protein denaturant potency, have been evaluated in cultured cells. Results
      showed that pretreatment of HSV type 1 (HSV-1) strain F and HSV-2 strain
      333 with either surfactant inhibited, in a concentration- and
      time-dependent manner, their infectivities on Vero cells. SLS was a more
      potent inhibitor of HSV-2 strain 333 infectivity than LS with respect to
      the concentration (4.8-fold lower) and time (2.4-fold shorter) required to
      completely inactivate the virus. No inhibition of both herpesvirus strains
      infectivities was observed when Vero cells were pretreated with either
      surfactant. LS prevented the binding of HSV-2 strain 333 to cells without
      affecting the stable attachment and the rate of penetration into cells,
      whereas SLS exerted the opposite effect. Both SLS and LS inhibited, in a
      concentration-dependent manner, the HSV-2 strain 333-induced cytopathic
      effect, probably by affecting newly synthesized virions that come into
      contact with surfactant molecules present in culture medium. The
      pretreatment of HSV-2 strain 333 with specific combinations of SLS and LS
      concentrations inhibited the viral infectivity in a synergistic manner and
      resulted in only a small increase in their toxicities for exponentially
      growing Vero cells compared with that caused by each compound alone. Taken
      together, these results suggest that SLS and LS, alone or combined, could
      represent potent candidates as microbicides in topical vaginal
      formulations to prevent the transmission of herpes and possibly other
      pathogens that cause sexually transmitted diseases, including human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1.
AD  - Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec,
      Canada.
FAU - Piret, Jocelyne
AU  - Piret J
FAU - Roy, Sylvie
AU  - Roy S
FAU - Gagnon, Mylene
AU  - Gagnon M
FAU - Landry, Sebastien
AU  - Landry S
FAU - Desormeaux, Andre
AU  - Desormeaux A
FAU - Omar, Rabeea F
AU  - Omar RF
FAU - Bergeron, Michel G
AU  - Bergeron MG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (Surface-Active Agents)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 107-97-1 (Sarcosine)
RN  - 151-21-3 (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate)
RN  - 97-78-9 (sarkosyl)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Survival/drug effects
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*drug effects
MH  - Herpesvirus 2, Human/*drug effects
MH  - Plaque Assay
MH  - Receptors, Virus/drug effects
MH  - Sarcosine/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
MH  - Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate/*pharmacology
MH  - Surface-Active Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Viral Proteins/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2933-42.

PMID- 12183251
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Application of real-time PCR for determination of antiviral drug
      susceptibility of herpes simplex virus.
PG  - 2943-7
AB  - A quantitative real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay was developed for
      determination of antiviral drug susceptibility of herpes simplex virus
      (HSV). After short-time culture of the virus, the antiviral drug
      susceptibility of HSV isolates for acyclovir (ACV) was determined by
      measuring the reduction of the HSV type 1 (HSV-1) DNA levels in culture
      supernatants using real-time PCR. The 50% inhibitory concentration was
      reported as the concentration of antiviral drug that reduced the number of
      HSV-1 DNA copies by 50%. A total of 15 well-characterized ACV-sensitive or
      -resistant strains and clinical isolates were used for assay evaluation.
      The new assay with real-time PCR readout permitted rapid (3 days),
      objective, and reproducible determination of HSV-1 drug susceptibilities
      with no need for stringent control of initial multiplicity of infection.
      Furthermore, the real-time PCR assay results showed good correlation (r =
      0.86) with those for the plaque reduction assay. In conclusion, the
      real-time PCR assay described here is a suitable quantitative method for
      determination of antiviral susceptibility of HSV-1, amenable for use in
      the routine diagnostic virology laboratory.
AD  - Department of Virology, Eijkman-Winkler Center, University Medical Center
      Utrecht, The Netherlands. r.stranska@lab.azu.nl
FAU - Stranska, Ruzena
AU  - Stranska R
FAU - van Loon, Anton M
AU  - van Loon AM
FAU - Polman, Merjo
AU  - Polman M
FAU - Schuurman, Rob
AU  - Schuurman R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - Computer Systems
MH  - DNA Replication/drug effects
MH  - DNA, Viral/analysis/biosynthesis
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Plaque Assay
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - Simplexvirus/*drug effects
MH  - Vero Cells
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2943-7.

PMID- 12183253
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - In vitro selection of resistance in Haemophilus influenzae by
      amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, azithromycin, and
      clarithromycin.
PG  - 2956-62
AB  - Abilities of amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefpodoxime, cefprozil,
      azithromycin, and clarithromycin to select resistant mutants of
      Haemophilus influenzae were tested by multistep and single-step
      methodologies. For multistep studies, 10 random strains were tested: 5 of
      these were beta-lactamase positive. After 50 daily subcultures in
      amoxicillin-clavulanate, MICs did not increase more than fourfold.
      However, cefprozil MICs increased eightfold for one strain. Clarithromycin
      and azithromycin gave a >4-fold increase in 8 and 10 strains after 14 to
      46 and 20 to 50 days, respectively. Mutants selected by clarithromycin and
      azithromycin were associated with mutations in 23S rRNA and ribosomal
      proteins L4 and L22. Three mutants selected by clarithromycin or
      azithromycin had alterations in ribosomal protein L4, while five had
      alterations in ribosomal protein L22. Two mutants selected by azithromycin
      had mutations in the gene encoding 23S rRNA: one at position 2058 and the
      other at position 2059 (Escherichia coli numbering), with replacement of A
      by G. One clone selected by clarithromycin became hypersusceptible to
      macrolides. In single-step studies azithromycin and clarithromycin had the
      highest mutation rates, while amoxicillin-clavulanate had the lowest. All
      resistant clones were identical to parents as observed by pulsed-field gel
      electrophoresis. The MICs of azithromycin for azithromycin-resistant
      clones were 16 to >128 micro g/ml, and those of clarithromycin for
      clarithromycin-resistant clones were 32 to >128 micro g/ml in multistep
      studies. For strains selected by azithromycin, the MICs of clarithromycin
      were high and vice versa. After 50 daily subcultures in the presence of
      drugs, MICs of amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefpodoxime against H.
      influenzae did not rise more than fourfold, in contrast to cefprozil,
      azithromycin, and clarithromycin, whose MICs rose to variable degrees.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
      17033, USA.
FAU - Clark, Catherine
AU  - Clark C
FAU - Bozdogan, Bulent
AU  - Bozdogan B
FAU - Peric, Mihaela
AU  - Peric M
FAU - Dewasse, Bonifacio
AU  - Dewasse B
FAU - Jacobs, Michael R
AU  - Jacobs MR
FAU - Appelbaum, Peter C
AU  - Appelbaum PC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Combined)
RN  - 0 (Cephalosporins)
RN  - 68401-81-0 (Ceftizoxime)
RN  - 74469-00-4 (Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination)
RN  - 81103-11-9 (Clarithromycin)
RN  - 82619-04-3 (cefpodoxime)
RN  - 83905-01-5 (Azithromycin)
RN  - 92665-29-7 (cefprozil)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination/*pharmacology
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Antibiotics, Combined/*pharmacology
MH  - Azithromycin/*pharmacology
MH  - Ceftizoxime/*analogs & derivatives/*pharmacology
MH  - Cephalosporins/*pharmacology
MH  - Clarithromycin/*pharmacology
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Haemophilus influenzae/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Transformation, Bacterial
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2956-62.

PMID- 12183254
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Antistreptococcal activity of telithromycin compared with seven other
      drugs in relation to macrolide resistance mechanisms in Russia.
PG  - 2963-8
AB  - The susceptibilities of 468 recent Russian clinical Streptococcus
      pneumoniae isolates and 600 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates, from 14
      centers in Russia, to telithromycin, erythromycin, azithromycin,
      clarithromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and
      penicillin G were tested. Penicillin-nonsusceptible S. pneumoniae strains
      were rare except in Siberia, where their prevalence rate was 13.5%: most
      were penicillin intermediate, but for three strains (two from Smolensk and
      one from Novosibirsk) the MICs of penicillin G were 4 or 8 micro g/ml.
      Overall, 2.5% of S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to erythromycin.
      Efflux was the prevalent resistance mechanism (five strains; 41.7%),
      followed by ribosomal methylation encoded by constitutive erm(B), which
      was found in four isolates. Ribosomal mutation was the mechanism of
      macrolide resistance in three isolates; one erythromycin-resistant S.
      pneumoniae isolate had an A2059G mutation in 23S rRNA, and two isolates
      had substitution of GTG by TPS at positions 69 to 71 in ribosomal protein
      L4. All S. pyogenes isolates were susceptible to penicillin, and 11% were
      erythromycin resistant. Ribosomal methylation was the most common
      resistance mechanism for S. pyogenes (89.4%). These methylases were
      encoded by erm(A) [subclass erm(TR)] genes, and their expression was
      inducible in 96.6% of isolates. The rest of the erythromycin-resistant
      Russian S. pyogenes isolates (7.6%) had an efflux resistance mechanism.
      Telithromycin was active against 100% of pneumococci and 99.2% of S.
      pyogenes, and levofloxacin and quinupristin-dalfopristin were active
      against all isolates of both species.
AD  - Institute of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Smolensk, Russia.
FAU - Kozlov, Roman S
AU  - Kozlov RS
FAU - Bogdanovitch, Tatiana M
AU  - Bogdanovitch TM
FAU - Appelbaum, Peter C
AU  - Appelbaum PC
FAU - Ednie, Lois
AU  - Ednie L
FAU - Stratchounski, Leonid S
AU  - Stratchounski LS
FAU - Jacobs, Michael R
AU  - Jacobs MR
FAU - Bozdogan, Bulent
AU  - Bozdogan B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ketolides)
RN  - 0 (Macrolides)
RN  - 0 (telithromycin)
RN  - EC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.48 (ErmA protein, Bacteria)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - *Ketolides
MH  - *Macrolides
MH  - Methylation
MH  - *Methyltransferases
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Ribosomes/metabolism
MH  - Russia/epidemiology
MH  - Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Streptococcus/*drug effects/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2963-8.

PMID- 12183255
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Phase I dose escalation trial evaluating the pharmacokinetics, anti-human
      cytomegalovirus (HCMV) activity, and safety of 1263W94 in human
      immunodeficiency virus-infected men with asymptomatic HCMV shedding.
PG  - 2969-76
AB  - 1263W94 [maribavir;
      5,6-dichloro-2-(isopropylamino)-1,beta-L-ribofuranosyl-1-H-benzimidazole]
      is a novel benzimidazole compound for treatment of human cytomegalovirus
      (HCMV) infection and disease, with potent in vitro activity against HCMV
      and good oral bioavailability. A phase I study was conducted to determine
      the pharmacokinetics (PK), anti-HCMV activity, and safety of 1263W94
      administered as multiple oral doses to human immunodeficiency virus type
      1-infected adult male subjects with asymptomatic HCMV shedding. Subjects
      received one of six dosage regimens (100, 200, or 400 mg three times a
      day, or 600, 900, or 1,200 mg twice a day) or a placebo for 28 days.
      1263W94 demonstrated linear PK, with steady-state plasma 1263W94 profiles
      predictable based on single-dose data. 1263W94 was rapidly absorbed
      following oral dosing, and values for the maximum concentration of the
      drug in plasma and the area under the concentration-time curve increased
      in proportion to the dose. 1263W94 demonstrated in vivo anti-HCMV activity
      in semen at all of the dosage regimens tested, with mean reductions in
      semen HCMV titers of 2.9 to 3.7 log(10) PFU/ml among the four regimens
      evaluated for anti-HCMV activity. 1263W94 was generally well tolerated;
      taste disturbance was the most frequently reported adverse event over the
      28-day dosing period.
AD  - Quest Clinical Research, San Francisco, California, USA.
FAU - Lalezari, Jacob P
AU  - Lalezari JP
FAU - Aberg, Judith A
AU  - Aberg JA
FAU - Wang, Laurene H
AU  - Wang LH
FAU - Wire, Mary Beth
AU  - Wire MB
FAU - Miner, Richard
AU  - Miner R
FAU - Snowden, Wendy
AU  - Snowden W
FAU - Talarico, Christine L
AU  - Talarico CL
FAU - Shaw, Shuching
AU  - Shaw S
FAU - Jacobson, Mark A
AU  - Jacobson MA
FAU - Drew, W Lawrence
AU  - Drew WL
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Clinical Trial, Phase II
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Benzimidazoles)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Ribonucleosides)
RN  - 0 (maribavir)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Area Under Curve
MH  - Benzimidazoles/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Cytomegalovirus Infections/*drug therapy/virology
MH  - DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Plaque Assay
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Ribonucleosides/adverse effects/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Semen/virology
MH  - Urine/virology
MH  - Virus Shedding
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2969-76.

PMID- 12183256
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Characterization of a self-transferable plasmid from Salmonella enterica
      serotype typhimurium clinical isolates carrying two integron-borne gene
      cassettes together with virulence and drug resistance genes.
PG  - 2977-81
AB  - An unusual self-transferable virulence-resistance plasmid (pUO-StVR2) was
      found in nine multidrug-resistant (ACSSuT phenotype) Salmonella enterica
      serotype Typhimurium clinical isolates that were assigned to four
      different phage types and a single and distinctive XbaI pulsed-field gel
      electrophoresis profile. pUO-StVR2 is an IncFII plasmid of about 140 kb in
      length carrying the spvA, spvB, and spvC (Salmonella plasmid virulence)
      and rck (resistance to complement killing) genes. It also carries the
      oxa1/aadA1a (ampicillin resistance and streptomycin-spectinomycin
      resistance) gene cassette configuration located within a class 1 integron
      with qacEDelta1/sul1 (ammonium antiseptics resistance and sulfadiazine
      resistance); the transposon genes merA, tnpA, and tnpR (mercury
      resistance, transposase, and resolvase of Tn21, respectively); and the
      catA1 (chloramphenicol resistance) and tet(B) (tetracycline resistance)
      genes. The insertion of resistance genes into a Salmonella virulence
      plasmid constitutes a new and interesting example of plasmid evolution and
      presents a serious public health problem.
AD  - Departamento de Biologia Funcional, Area de Microbiologia, Universidad de
      Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Principality of Asturias, Spain.
FAU - Guerra, Beatriz
AU  - Guerra B
FAU - Soto, Sara
AU  - Soto S
FAU - Helmuth, Reiner
AU  - Helmuth R
FAU - Mendoza, M Carmen
AU  - Mendoza MC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Virulence Factors)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Tn21 resolvase)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Transposon Resolvases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteriophage Typing
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/*genetics
MH  - Integrons/*genetics
MH  - Plasmids/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Salmonella enterica/drug effects/*genetics/pathogenicity
MH  - Serotyping
MH  - *Transposon Resolvases
MH  - Virulence Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2977-81.

PMID- 12183257
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - In vitro interaction of flucytosine combined with amphotericin B or
      fluconazole against thirty-five yeast isolates determined by both the
      fractional inhibitory concentration index and the response surface
      approach.
PG  - 2982-9
AB  - Combination therapy could be of benefit for the treatment of invasive
      yeast infections. However, in vitro interaction studies are relatively
      scarce and the interpretation of the fractional inhibitory concentration
      (FIC) index can be contradictory due to various definitions used; not all
      information on the interaction study is used in the index, and different
      MIC end points exist for different classes of drugs. Fitting an
      interaction model to the whole response surface and estimation of an
      interaction coefficient alpha (IC(alpha)) would overcome these objections
      and has the additional advantage that confidence intervals of the
      interaction are obtained. The efficacy of flucytosine (5FC) in combination
      with amphotericin B (AB) and fluconazole (FCZ) was studied against 35
      yeast isolates in triplicate (Candida albicans [n = 9], Candida glabrata
      [n = 9], Candida krusei [n = 9], and Cryptococcus neoformans [n = 8])
      using a broth microdilution checkerboard method and measuring growth after
      48 h by a spectrophotometer. The FIC index and IC(alpha) were determined,
      the latter by estimation from the response surface approach described by
      Greco et al. (W. R. Greco, G. Bravo, and J. C. Parsons, Pharmacol. Rev.
      47:331-385, 1995) by using a computer program developed for that purpose.
      For the 5FC-FCZ combination, the interactions determined by the IC(alpha)
      generally were in concordance with the interactions determined by the FIC
      index, but large discrepancies were found between both methods for the
      5FC-AB combination. These could mainly be explained by shortcomings in the
      FIC approach. The in vitro interaction of 5FC-AB demonstrated variable
      results depending on the tested Candida isolate. In general, the 5FC-FCZ
      combination was antagonistic against Candida species, but for some Candida
      isolates synergism was found. For C. neoformans the interaction for both
      combinations was highly dependent on the tested isolate and the method
      used. Response surface approach is an alternative method for determining
      the interaction between antifungal agents. By using this approach, some of
      the problems encountered with the FIC were overcome.
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius
      Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
FAU - Te Dorsthorst, D T A
AU  - Te Dorsthorst DT
FAU - Verweij, P E
AU  - Verweij PE
FAU - Meletiadis, J
AU  - Meletiadis J
FAU - Bergervoet, M
AU  - Bergervoet M
FAU - Punt, N C
AU  - Punt NC
FAU - Meis, J F G M
AU  - Meis JF
FAU - Mouton, J W
AU  - Mouton JW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal)
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 1397-89-3 (Amphotericin B)
RN  - 2022-85-7 (Flucytosine)
RN  - 86386-73-4 (Fluconazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Amphotericin B/*pharmacology
MH  - Antibiotics, Antifungal/*pharmacology
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Candida/*drug effects
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Fluconazole/*pharmacology
MH  - Flucytosine/*pharmacology
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Models, Biological
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2982-9.

PMID- 12183258
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Pharmacodynamic assessment of ertapenem (MK-0826) against Streptococcus
      pneumoniae in a murine neutropenic thigh infection model.
PG  - 2990-5
AB  - The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility breakpoint
      of a new carbapenem, ertapenem (MK-0826), against Streptococcus pneumoniae
      strains based on bacterial density and survival studies in a murine thigh
      infection model. Sixteen S. pneumoniae isolates for which MICs ranged from
      0.015 to 4.0 mg/liter were tested with neutropenic ICR mice. Animals were
      infected with bacteria at 10(5) to 10(6) CFU per thigh and were treated
      with ertapenem starting at 2 h postinfection for 4 days. Ertapenem was
      given subcutaneously at 50 mg/kg of body weight every 6 h, which simulates
      the human pharmacodynamic profile (in particular, the duration of time
      that the concentration of free drug remains above the MIC of 2 mg/liter).
      At 0 and 24 h postinfection, thighs were harvested for bacterial density
      determination. Survival was assessed during 4 days of therapy and 3 days
      after the therapy. A protein binding study was conducted with mice by use
      of the ultrafiltration method. Protein binding in mice was approximately
      95%, which is comparable to that in humans. The average change in
      bacterial density ranged from -0.22 to -4.4 log CFU per thigh over 24 h
      compared to 0-h controls. The extent of microbial eradication was
      dependent on the MIC for the S. pneumoniae isolate. Substantial
      bactericidal activities (i.e., killing of approximately 2 log CFU per
      thigh) were consistently observed against isolates for which MICs were
      <or=2 mg/liter, which also resulted in nearly 100% survival during the 4
      days of drug dosing and 3 days after the therapy. Less-pronounced and
      highly variable bactericidal activities were detected against isolates for
      which the MIC was 4 mg/liter. Substantial enhancement in bactericidal
      activity was observed for CBA/J mice and is attributed to the contribution
      of the host defenses in the immunocompetent species. Assessment of the
      effectiveness of ertapenem by bacterial-density reduction over 24 h and by
      survival over 4 days of therapy in the murine thigh infection model
      reveals that the drug maintains maximal efficacy against S. pneumoniae
      isolates for which the MIC of this agent is <or=2 mg/liter.
AD  - Department of Pharmacy Research, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
      06102, USA.
FAU - Xuan, Dawei
AU  - Xuan D
FAU - Banevicius, Maryanne
AU  - Banevicius M
FAU - Capitano, Blair
AU  - Capitano B
FAU - Kim, Myo-Kyoung
AU  - Kim MK
FAU - Nightingale, Charles
AU  - Nightingale C
FAU - Nicolau, David
AU  - Nicolau D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Lactams)
RN  - 0 (ertapenem)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Female
MH  - *Lactams
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred ICR
MH  - Muscular Diseases/*drug therapy/microbiology/mortality
MH  - Neutropenia/*drug therapy/microbiology/mortality
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/*drug effects
MH  - Survival Analysis
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2990-5.

PMID- 12183259
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - 16S rRNA mutation-mediated tetracycline resistance in Helicobacter pylori.
PG  - 2996-3000
AB  - Most Helicobacter pylori strains are susceptible to tetracycline, an
      antibiotic commonly used for the eradication of H. pylori. However, an
      increase in incidence of tetracycline resistance in H. pylori has recently
      been reported. Here the mechanism of tetracycline resistance of the first
      Dutch tetracycline-resistant (Tet(r)) H. pylori isolate (strain 181) is
      investigated. Twelve genes were selected from the genome sequences of H.
      pylori strains 26695 and J99 as potential candidate genes, based on their
      homology with tetracycline resistance genes in other bacteria. With the
      exception of the two 16S rRNA genes, none of the other putative
      tetracycline resistance genes was able to transfer tetracycline
      resistance. Genetic transformation of the Tet(s) strain 26695 with smaller
      overlapping PCR fragments of the 16S rRNA genes of strain 181, revealed
      that a 361-bp fragment that spanned nucleotides 711 to 1071 was sufficient
      to transfer resistance. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes of the
      Tet(r) strain 181, the Tet(s) strain 26695, and four Tet(r) 26695
      transformants showed that a single triple-base-pair substitution,
      AGA(926-928)-->TTC, was present within this 361-bp fragment. This
      triple-base-pair substitution, present in both copies of the 16S rRNA gene
      of all our Tet(r) H. pylori transformants, resulted in an increased MIC of
      tetracycline that was identical to that for the Tet(r) strain 181.
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University
      Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
FAU - Gerrits, Monique M
AU  - Gerrits MM
FAU - de Zoete, Marcel R
AU  - de Zoete MR
FAU - Arents, Niek L A
AU  - Arents NL
FAU - Kuipers, Ernst J
AU  - Kuipers EJ
FAU - Kusters, Johannes G
AU  - Kusters JG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - 0 (tetracycline resistance-encoding transposon repressor protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Helicobacter Infections/microbiology
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/drug effects/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mutation/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
MH  - Repressor Proteins/genetics
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Tetracycline Resistance/*genetics
MH  - Transformation, Bacterial
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):2996-3000.

PMID- 12183260
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The antifungal echinocandin caspofungin acetate kills growing cells of
      Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro.
PG  - 3001-12
AB  - Caspofungin acetate is an antifungal antibiotic that inhibits synthesis of
      1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential component of the fungal cell wall. While
      caspofungin causes cell death in yeasts and dimorphic fungi such as
      Candida albicans, its effect on Aspergillus fumigatus is less well
      understood. We used the fluorescent dyes 5,(6)-carboxyfluorescein
      diacetate (CFDA) and bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol
      (DiBAC), which stain live and dead cells, respectively, to further
      characterize the antifungal activity of caspofungin. For comparison,
      compounds whose mode of action was either fungistatic (fluconazole,
      itraconazole) or fungicidal (amphotericin B) were also evaluated. A
      correlation between caspofungin-induced loss of viability, decreased CFDA
      staining, and increased DiBAC staining was established first with C.
      albicans. For A. fumigatus, caspofungin caused similar dye-staining
      changes, which were quantified by fluorimetric analysis of stained hyphae
      grown in a medium that promoted dispersed growth. The minimum
      concentration of caspofungin required to produce these changes also
      decreased the level of growth-dependent reduction of the indicator dye
      Alamar Blue. We observed a differential effect of caspofungin as a
      function of cell position: 88% of apical cells and 61% of subapical
      branching cells failed to stain with the viable dye CFDA, but only 24% of
      subapical cells were unstained. Complementary results were seen with
      germlings from DiBAC-stained, caspofungin-treated cultures. Extended
      incubation of A. fumigatus with a single dose of caspofungin affected the
      same proportion of apical and subapical branching cells for up to 72 h.
      The dye-staining patterns illustrate that the cells at the active centers
      for new cell wall synthesis within A. fumigatus hyphae are killed when
      they are exposed to caspofungin.
AD  - Department of Human and Animal Infectious Disease Research, Merck Research
      Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey 07065-0900, USA.
FAU - Bowman, J C
AU  - Bowman JC
FAU - Hicks, P Scott
AU  - Hicks PS
FAU - Kurtz, M B
AU  - Kurtz MB
FAU - Rosen, H
AU  - Rosen H
FAU - Schmatz, D M
AU  - Schmatz DM
FAU - Liberator, P A
AU  - Liberator PA
FAU - Douglas, C M
AU  - Douglas CM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Peptide)
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Peptides, Cyclic)
RN  - 0 (caspofungin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Antifungal/*pharmacology
MH  - Antibiotics, Peptide/*pharmacology
MH  - Aspergillus fumigatus/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Cell Count
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes
MH  - Fluorometry
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - *Peptides
MH  - *Peptides, Cyclic
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3001-12.

PMID- 12183261
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of danofloxacin administered
      by two dosing regimens in calves infected with Mannheimia (Pasteurella)
      haemolytica.
PG  - 3013-9
AB  - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danofloxacin in calves with
      induced Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica pneumonia were evaluated.
      Calves received either saline as an intravenous (IV) bolus or danofloxacin
      (0.738 mg/kg of body weight) administered as either a single IV bolus or a
      36-h continuous IV infusion. Blood samples and bronchial secretions were
      collected before and at predetermined times over 48 h following the start
      of treatment. Calves were assessed clinically throughout, and lung
      consolidation was assessed at necropsy. Bronchial secretions and lung
      tissue were cultured for M. haemolytica. Bolus administration of
      danofloxacin produced a high maximum drug concentration-to-MIC ratio
      (C(max):MIC) of 14.5 and a time period of 9.1 h when plasma danofloxacin
      concentrations exceeded the MIC (T>MIC). Following danofloxacin infusion,
      the C(max):MIC was low (2.3), with a long T>MIC (33.3 h). The area under
      the curve-to-MIC ratios were 43.3 and 49.1 for the bolus and infusion
      administrations, respectively. The single bolus of danofloxacin was more
      effective than the same dose administered by continuous infusion, as
      indicated by a significantly lower (P < 0.05) number of animals with M.
      haemolytica in bronchial secretions after treatment and lower rectal
      temperatures in the 24 h after the start of treatment. Thus, danofloxacin
      exhibited concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity in cattle with
      respiratory disease caused by M. haemolytica.
AD  - Ondax Scientific, 20280 Hondarribia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
FAU - Sarasola, Patxi
AU  - Sarasola P
FAU - Lees, Peter
AU  - Lees P
FAU - AliAbadi, Fariborz Shojaee
AU  - AliAbadi FS
FAU - McKellar, Quintin A
AU  - McKellar QA
FAU - Donachie, William
AU  - Donachie W
FAU - Marr, Kate A
AU  - Marr KA
FAU - Sunderland, Simon J
AU  - Sunderland SJ
FAU - Rowan, Tim G
AU  - Rowan TG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Fluoroquinolones)
RN  - 112398-08-0 (danofloxacin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/administration &
      dosage/*pharmacokinetics/*therapeutic use
MH  - Area Under Curve
MH  - Dogs
MH  - *Fluoroquinolones
MH  - Infusions, Intravenous
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Lung/microbiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mannheimia haemolytica/*drug effects
MH  - Pasteurella Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology/physiopathology
MH  - Pneumonia, Bacterial/drug therapy/microbiology/physiopathology
MH  - Respiratory Mechanics/drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3013-9.

PMID- 12183262
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Mutation in 23S rRNA associated with macrolide resistance in Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae.
PG  - 3020-5
AB  - Fifty-six azithromycin-resistant (MICs, 2.0 to 4.0 micro g/ml) Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae strains with cross-resistance to erythromycin (MICs, 2.0 to
      64.0 micro g/ml), isolated in Canada between 1997 and 1999, were
      characterized, and their mechanisms of azithromycin resistance were
      determined. Most (58.9%) of them belonged to auxotype-serotype class
      NR/IB-03, with a 2.6-mDa plasmid. Based on resistance to crystal violet
      (MICs >or= 1 micro g/ml), 96.4% of these macrolide-resistant strains
      appeared to have increased efflux. Nine of the eleven strains selected for
      further characterization were found to have a promoter region mtrR
      mutation, a single-base-pair (A) deletion in the 13-bp inverted repeat,
      which is believed to cause overexpression of the mtrCDE-encoded efflux
      pump. The two remaining macrolide-resistant strains (erythromycin MIC,
      64.0 micro g/ml; azithromycin MIC, 4.0 micro g/ml), which did not have the
      mutation in the mtrR promoter region, were found to have a C2611T mutation
      (Escherichia coli numbering) in the peptidyltransferase loop in domain V
      of the 23S rRNA alleles. Although mutations in domain V of 23S rRNA
      alleles had been reported in other bacteria, including E. coli,
      Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Helicobacter pylori, this is the first
      observation of these mutations associated with macrolide resistance in N.
      gonorrhoeae.
AD  - National Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, National
      Microbiology Laboratory, Population and Public Health Branch, Health
      Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Lai_King_Ng@hc-sc.gc.ca
FAU - Ng, Lai-King
AU  - Ng LK
FAU - Martin, Irene
AU  - Martin I
FAU - Liu, Gary
AU  - Liu G
FAU - Bryden, Louis
AU  - Bryden L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotide Probes)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S)
RN  - 114-07-8 (Erythromycin)
RN  - 83905-01-5 (Azithromycin)
RN  - EC 2.3.2.12 (Peptidyl Transferases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Azithromycin/pharmacology
MH  - Canada/epidemiology
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Erythromycin/pharmacology
MH  - Gonorrhea/epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Mutation/genetics
MH  - Neisseria gonorrhoeae/*drug effects
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Oligonucleotide Probes
MH  - Peptidyl Transferases/genetics
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Transformation, Bacterial
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3020-5.

PMID- 12183263
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Antibiotic pharmacodynamics in surgical prophylaxis: an association
      between intraoperative antibiotic concentrations and efficacy.
PG  - 3026-30
AB  - The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between
      gentamicin concentrations during surgery and the development of wound
      infection following colorectal operations. Despite decades of research in
      surgical prophylaxis, the relationship between intraoperative antibiotic
      concentrations and postoperative infection and the concentrations required
      for effective prophylaxis have not been established. A pharmacodynamic
      analysis was conducted using data from a previous prospective, randomized,
      double-blind clinical study which compared two dosage regimens of
      gentamicin plus metronidazole for prophylaxis in connection with elective
      colorectal surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses of risk factors
      for postoperative wound infection were conducted, and the relationship
      between intraoperative gentamicin concentrations and surgical outcome was
      characterized. The gentamicin concentration at the time of surgical
      closure was one of the strongest independent risk factors for infection (P
      = 0.02), along with the presence of diabetes mellitus (P = 0.02), stoma (P
      = 0.04), and advanced age (P = 0.05). Gentamicin concentrations at closure
      of less than 0.5 mg/liter were associated with an infection rate of 80%
      (representing 8 of 10 patients with concentrations below that level) (P =
      0.003). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a
      critical closure concentration of 1.6 mg/liter for effective surgical
      prophylaxis (P = 0.002; sensitivity, 70.8%; specificity, 65.9%). This
      study provides new and important information on antibiotic
      pharmacodynamics in surgical prophylaxis. It demonstrates the critical
      effect of the antibiotic concentration at closure on wound infection and
      suggests a significant association between the concentration and other
      well-established risk factors, like the timing of preoperative antibiotic
      administration and surgery duration.
AD  - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
      zelenits@ms.umanitoba.ca
FAU - Zelenitsky, Sheryl A
AU  - Zelenitsky SA
FAU - Ariano, Robert E
AU  - Ariano RE
FAU - Harding, Godfrey K M
AU  - Harding GK
FAU - Silverman, Richard E
AU  - Silverman RE
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Gentamicins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood/*pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
MH  - *Antibiotic Prophylaxis
MH  - Area Under Curve
MH  - Colon/surgery
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Female
MH  - Gentamicins/blood/pharmacokinetics/therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intraoperative Period
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Rectum/surgery
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology/microbiology/prevention & control
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3026-30.

PMID- 12183264
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Prospective survey of beta-lactamases produced by ceftazidime- resistant
      Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in a French hospital in 2000.
PG  - 3031-4
AB  - In 2000, at the Universite d'Auvergne teaching hospital in
      Clermont-Ferrand, France, 44 (6.2%) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were
      found to be resistant to ceftazidime. After genotyping, 34 strains were
      selected. Nine had an additional beta-lactamase: OXA-21 (n = 6), PSE-1
      (CARB-2) (n = 2), or PER-1 (n = 1). Ceftazidime resistance was related
      solely to the overproduction of the cephalosporinase in 30 strains.
      Sequencing of five bla(AmpC) genes encoding cephalosporinases with
      different pIs showed 99% identity with the ampC gene of P. aeruginosa
      PAO1.
AD  - Service de Bacteriologie, Faculte de Medecine, Universite d'Auvergne,
      63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France. christophe.dechamps@u-clermont1.fr
FAU - De Champs, Christophe
AU  - De Champs C
FAU - Poirel, Laurent
AU  - Poirel L
FAU - Bonnet, Richard
AU  - Bonnet R
FAU - Sirot, Danielle
AU  - Sirot D
FAU - Chanal, Catherine
AU  - Chanal C
FAU - Sirot, Jacques
AU  - Sirot J
FAU - Nordmann, Patrice
AU  - Nordmann P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Cephalosporins)
RN  - 78439-06-2 (Ceftazidime)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.- (Cephalosporinase)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ceftazidime/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Cephalosporinase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cephalosporins/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - France/epidemiology
MH  - Genes, Bacterial
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Pseudomonas Infections/*epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*drug effects/*enzymology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - beta-Lactamases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3031-4.

PMID- 12183265
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Predicting evolution by in vitro evolution requires determining
      evolutionary pathways.
PG  - 3035-8
AB  - In an early example of DNA shuffling, Stemmer (W. P. C. Stemmer, Nature
      370:389-390, 1994) demonstrated a dramatic improvement in the activity of
      the TEM-1 beta-lactamase toward cefotaxime as the consequence of six amino
      acid substitutions. It has been pointed out (B. G. Hall, FEMS Microbiol.
      Lett. 178:1-6, 1999; M. C. Orencia, J. S. Yoon, J. E. Ness, W. P. Stemmer,
      and R. C. Stevens, Nat. Struct. Biol. 8:238-242, 2001) that the power of
      DNA shuffling might be applied to the problem of predicting evolution in
      nature from in vitro evolution in the laboratory. As a predictor of
      natural evolutionary processes, that power may be misleading because in
      nature mutations almost always arise one at a time, and each advantageous
      mutation must be fixed into the population by an evolutionary pathway that
      leads from the wild type to the fully evolved sequence. Site-directed
      mutagenesis was used to introduce each of Stemmer's six substitutions into
      TEM-1, the best single mutant was chosen, and each of the remaining five
      substitutions was introduced. Repeated rounds of site-directed mutagenesis
      and selection of the best mutant were used in an attempt to construct a
      pathway between the wild-type TEM-1 and Stemmer's mutant with six
      mutations. In the present study it is shown (i) that no such pathway
      exists between the wild-type TEM-1 and the supereffective
      cefotaxime-hydrolyzing mutant that was generated by six amino acid
      substitutions via DNA shuffling (Stemmer, Nature 370:389-390, 1994) but
      that a pathway to a fourfold more efficient enzyme resulting from four of
      the same substitutions does exist, and (ii) that the more efficient enzyme
      is likely to arise in nature as the result of a single mutation in the
      naturally occurring TEM-52 allele.
AD  - Biology Department, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
      14627-0211, USA. drbh@mail.rochester.edu
FAU - Hall, Barry G
AU  - Hall BG
LA  - eng
GR  - GM60761/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
MH  - *DNA Shuffling
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial/*genetics
MH  - *Evolution
MH  - Mutation/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - beta-Lactamases/*genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3035-8.

PMID- 12183266
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - In vitro interaction of caspofungin acetate with voriconazole against
      clinical isolates of Aspergillus spp.
PG  - 3039-41
AB  - The interaction between caspofungin acetate and voriconazole was studied
      in vitro by using 48 clinical Aspergillus spp. isolates obtained from
      patients with invasive aspergillosis. MICs were determined by the NCCLS
      broth microdilution method. Synergy, defined as a fractional inhibitory
      concentration (FIC) index of <1, was detected in 87.5% of the
      interactions; an additive effect, defined as an FIC index of 1.0, was
      observed in 4.2% of the interactions; and a subadditive effect, defined as
      an FIC index of 1.0 to 2.0, was found in 8.3% of the interactions. No
      antagonism was observed. Animal models are required to validate the in
      vivo significance of these in vitro data presented for the combination of
      caspofungin and voriconazole.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of
      Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900,
      USA. perea@uthscsa.edu
FAU - Perea, Sofia
AU  - Perea S
FAU - Gonzalez, Gloria
AU  - Gonzalez G
FAU - Fothergill, Annette W
AU  - Fothergill AW
FAU - Kirkpatrick, William R
AU  - Kirkpatrick WR
FAU - Rinaldi, Michael G
AU  - Rinaldi MG
FAU - Patterson, Thomas F
AU  - Patterson TF
LA  - eng
GR  - 5 R01 DE11381/DE/NIDCR
GR  - M01-RR-01346/RR/NCRR
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Peptide)
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Peptides, Cyclic)
RN  - 0 (Pyrimidines)
RN  - 0 (Triazoles)
RN  - 0 (caspofungin)
RN  - 0 (voriconazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Peptide/*pharmacology
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Aspergillosis/*microbiology
MH  - Aspergillus/*drug effects
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - *Peptides
MH  - *Peptides, Cyclic
MH  - Pyrimidines/*pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Triazoles/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3039-41.

PMID- 12183267
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Surveillance for antiviral-agent-resistant herpes simplex virus in the
      general population with recurrent herpes labialis.
PG  - 3042-4
AB  - In a general population survey in the United States, the prevalence of
      antiviral-agent-resistant herpes simplex virus was very low among more
      than 1,000 isolates from individuals with an episode of recurrent herpes
      labialis not treated with topical antiviral agents. Two isolates had
      borderline resistance to acyclovir (0.2%), and all were susceptible to
      penciclovir.
AD  - GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 0DE, United
      Kingdom. teresa.h.bacon@gsk.com
FAU - Bacon, Teresa H
AU  - Bacon TH
FAU - Boon, Ron J
AU  - Boon RJ
FAU - Schultz, Margaret
AU  - Schultz M
FAU - Hodges-Savola, Cheryl
AU  - Hodges-Savola C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 39809-25-1 (penciclovir)
RN  - 59277-89-3 (Acyclovir)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyclovir/administration & dosage/*analogs &
      derivatives/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Administration, Topical
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral
MH  - Female
MH  - Herpes Labialis/*drug therapy/epidemiology/virology
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Population
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Recurrence
MH  - United States/epidemiology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3042-4.

PMID- 12183268
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Beta-lactamases of Kluyvera ascorbata, probable progenitors of some
      plasmid-encoded CTX-M types.
PG  - 3045-9
AB  - Kluyvera ascorbata produces a beta-lactamase that results in an atypical
      susceptibility pattern, including low-level resistance to penicillins,
      cephalothin, and cefuroxime, but this resistance is reversed by
      clavulanate. Ten nucleotide sequences of the corresponding gene,
      bla(KLUA), were obtained and were found to have minor variations (96 to
      100%). Otherwise, bla(KLUA) was found to be similar (95 to 100%) to some
      plasmid-encoded CTX-M-type beta-lactamases. Finally, mobilization of
      bla(KLUA) on a plasmid was found to be mediated probably by a genetic
      mobile element like ISEcp1.
AD  - Service de Bacteriologie, CHU Cochin, Paris, France.
FAU - Humeniuk, Christel
AU  - Humeniuk C
FAU - Arlet, Guillaume
AU  - Arlet G
FAU - Gautier, Valerie
AU  - Gautier V
FAU - Grimont, Patrick
AU  - Grimont P
FAU - Labia, Roger
AU  - Labia R
FAU - Philippon, Alain
AU  - Philippon A
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF252622
SI  - GENBANK/AF252623
SI  - GENBANK/AF311345
SI  - GENBANK/AJ272538
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-lactamase bla(KLUA), Klyvera ascorbata)
SB  - IM
MH  - Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plasmids/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - beta-Lactamases/*genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3045-9.

PMID- 12183269
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Functional characterization of Brucella melitensis NorMI, an efflux pump
      belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family.
PG  - 3050-3
AB  - Two putative proteins (NorMI and NorMII) similar to the multidrug efflux
      protein NorM of Vibrio parahaemolyticus are encoded by the Brucella
      melitensis 16 M genome. We show that a drug-hypersusceptible Escherichia
      coli strain overexpressing NorMI displays increased resistance to
      norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetraphenylphosphonium ion,
      acriflavine, and berberine. This elevated resistance was proven to be
      mediated by an energy-dependent efflux mechanism. NorMI belongs to the
      multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family and is the first multidrug
      efflux protein identified in Brucella spp.
AD  - Unite de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie, Institut National de la
      Recherche Agronomique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
FAU - Braibant, Martine
AU  - Braibant M
FAU - Guilloteau, Laurence
AU  - Guilloteau L
FAU - Zygmunt, Michel S
AU  - Zygmunt MS
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AE008917
SI  - GENBANK/AE008918
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Transport Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Biological Transport, Active
MH  - Brucella melitensis/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Energy Metabolism/physiology
MH  - Escherichia coli/drug effects
MH  - Genome, Bacterial
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3050-3.

PMID- 12183270
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with ribosomal mutations
      conferring resistance to macrolides.
PG  - 3054-6
AB  - Six strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cystic fibrosis
      patients after treatment with azithromycin were cross-resistant to
      azithromycin and erythromycin. None of the isolates contained erm or
      msr(A) genes, but they all carried either A2058G/U or A2059G mutations
      within the rrl genes, with a majority of the rRNA copies bearing the
      mutation. One strain displayed an additional mutation in the rplV gene,
      encoding the L22 ribosomal protein.
AD  - Service de Microbiologie, CHU Cote de Nacre, Caen, France.
FAU - Prunier, Anne-Laure
AU  - Prunier AL
FAU - Malbruny, Brigitte
AU  - Malbruny B
FAU - Tande, Didier
AU  - Tande D
FAU - Picard, Bertrand
AU  - Picard B
FAU - Leclercq, Roland
AU  - Leclercq R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotide Probes)
RN  - 0 (msrA protein, Staphylococcus epidermidis)
RN  - 114-07-8 (Erythromycin)
RN  - 83905-01-5 (Azithromycin)
RN  - EC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.48 (ErmA protein, Bacteria)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Azithromycin/pharmacology
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Erythromycin/pharmacology
MH  - Genes, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Membrane Transport Proteins
MH  - *Methyltransferases
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Mutation/*genetics
MH  - Oligonucleotide Probes
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Ribosomes/*genetics
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Staphylococcus aureus/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3054-6.

PMID- 12183271
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Phenylpropenamide derivatives AT-61 and AT-130 inhibit replication of
      wild-type and lamivudine-resistant strains of hepatitis B virus in vitro.
PG  - 3057-60
AB  - The phenylpropenamide derivatives AT-61 and AT-130 are nonnucleoside
      analogue inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. They inhibited
      the replication of wild-type HBV with 50% inhibitory concentrations of
      21.2 +/- 9.5 and 2.40 +/- 0.92 micro M, respectively, compared to 0.064
      +/- 0.020 micro M lamivudine. There were no significant differences in
      sensitivity between wild-type and nucleoside analogue-resistant (rtL180M,
      rtM204I, and rtL180M + rtM204V) HBV.
AD  - Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne,
      Victoria 3051, Australia.
FAU - Delaney, William E 4th
AU  - Delaney WE 4th
FAU - Edwards, Ros
AU  - Edwards R
FAU - Colledge, Danni
AU  - Colledge D
FAU - Shaw, Tim
AU  - Shaw T
FAU - Furman, Phil
AU  - Furman P
FAU - Painter, George
AU  - Painter G
FAU - Locarnini, Stephen
AU  - Locarnini S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (AT 130)
RN  - 0 (AT 61)
RN  - 0 (Amides)
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Benzamides)
RN  - 0 (Benzene Derivatives)
RN  - 134678-17-4 (Lamivudine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amides/*pharmacology
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Benzamides/*pharmacology
MH  - Benzene Derivatives/*pharmacology
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral
MH  - Hepatitis B virus/*drug effects
MH  - Lamivudine/*pharmacology
MH  - Plaque Assay
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Virus Replication/*drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3057-60.

PMID- 12183272
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Efficacies of quinupristin-dalfopristin combined with vancomycin in vitro
      and in experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus aureus in relation to cross-resistance to macrolides,
      lincosamides, and streptogramin B- type antibiotics.
PG  - 3061-4
AB  - A beneficial effect of the combination of quinupristin-dalfopristin and
      vancomycin was observed against two methicillin-resistant strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus harboring or not harboring the ermC gene, which
      codes for constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B
      resistance. The beneficial effect was observed in time-kill studies, in
      which the drugs were used at inhibitory concentrations, and in a rabbit
      model of endocarditis, in which the combination was highly bactericidal
      and more active than monotherapies.
AD  - Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (EMI 9933),
      Faculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat, Paris.
FAU - Pavie, Juliette
AU  - Pavie J
FAU - Lefort, Agnes
AU  - Lefort A
FAU - Zarrouk, Virginie
AU  - Zarrouk V
FAU - Chau, Francoise
AU  - Chau F
FAU - Garry, Louis
AU  - Garry L
FAU - Leclercq, Roland
AU  - Leclercq R
FAU - Fantin, Bruno
AU  - Fantin B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Combined)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Glycopeptide)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Macrolides)
RN  - 11006-76-1 (Virginiamycin)
RN  - 126602-89-9 (quinupristin-dalfopristin)
RN  - 1404-90-6 (Vancomycin)
RN  - 3131-03-1 (Streptogramin B)
RN  - 80738-43-8 (lincosamide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Antibiotics, Combined/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Antibiotics, Glycopeptide/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Endocarditis, Bacterial/*drug therapy/microbiology
MH  - *Macrolides
MH  - Methicillin Resistance
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects
MH  - Streptogramin B/pharmacology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Vancomycin/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Virginiamycin/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3061-4.

PMID- 12183273
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Antibiotic susceptibilities of Parachlamydia acanthamoeba in amoebae.
PG  - 3065-7
AB  - Parachlamydia acanthamoeba are intracellular bacteria of amoebae and are
      considered potential etiological agents of human pneumonia. We have
      determined the in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities of two strains (strain
      Bn(9) and Hall's coccus) in Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The two strains were
      susceptible to tetracyclines, macrolides, and rifampin, but resistant to
      fluoroquinolones.
AD  - Unite des Rickettsies, CNRS UPRES A 6020, Faculte de Medecine, Universite
      de la Mediterranee, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
FAU - Maurin, M
AU  - Maurin M
FAU - Bryskier, A
AU  - Bryskier A
FAU - Raoult, D
AU  - Raoult D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antitubercular)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Fluoroquinolones)
RN  - 0 (Macrolides)
RN  - 0 (Tetracyclines)
RN  - 13292-46-1 (Rifampin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acanthamoeba/drug effects/*microbiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Antibiotics, Antitubercular/pharmacology
MH  - Bacteria/*drug effects
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial
MH  - Fluoroquinolones
MH  - Humans
MH  - Macrolides
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Pneumonia, Bacterial/microbiology
MH  - Rifampin/pharmacology
MH  - Tetracyclines/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3065-7.

PMID- 12183274
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - In vitro activities of garenoxacin (BMS-284756) against 170 clinical
      isolates of nine Pasteurella species.
PG  - 3068-70
AB  - The in vitro susceptibilities of 170 clinical isolates plus 12 American
      Type Culture Collection strains of Pasteurella species comprising nine
      species and three Pasteurella multocida subspecies were studied by an agar
      dilution method. Garenoxacin (BMS-284756), a new des-fluoro(6) quinolone,
      was active at <or=0.06 micro g/ml against all isolates, including four
      beta-lactamase-producing strains, with >90% of the strains susceptible to
      <or=0.008 micro g/ml. Garenoxacin was generally 1 to 2 dilutions more
      active than levofloxacin and moxifloxacin and was the most active agent
      tested. Cefoxitin required 1 micro g/ml for inhibition of 51 of 182 (29%)
      of strains, and 3 strains (also beta-lactamase producers) were resistant
      to doxycycline.
AD  - R. M. Alden Research Laboratory, Santa Monica-University of California,
      Los Angeles, Medical Center, Santa Monica, California 90404, USA.
      EJCGMD@aol.com
FAU - Goldstein, Ellie J C
AU  - Goldstein EJ
FAU - Citron, Diane M
AU  - Citron DM
FAU - Merriam, C Vreni
AU  - Merriam CV
FAU - Warren, Yumi A
AU  - Warren YA
FAU - Tyrrell, Kerin L
AU  - Tyrrell KL
FAU - Fernandez, Helen T
AU  - Fernandez HT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (BMS 284756)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Fluoroquinolones)
RN  - 0 (Indoles)
RN  - 0 (Quinolones)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Bites and Stings/microbiology
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial
MH  - *Fluoroquinolones
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Indoles
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Pasteurella/*drug effects
MH  - Pasteurella Infections/microbiology
MH  - *Quinolones
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - United States
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3068-70.

PMID- 12183275
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of DW286, a new
      fluoronaphthyridone antibiotic.
PG  - 3071-4
AB  - The in vitro and in vivo activities of DW286, a novel fluoronaphthyridone
      with potent antibacterial activity, were compared with those of
      ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin. Against
      gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus
      epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis, the in
      vitro activity of DW286 was stronger than that of any other reference
      antibiotic. Against gram-negative bacteria, the activity of DW286 was
      similar to those of trovafloxacin and gemifloxacin but was weaker than
      that of ciprofloxacin. In a mouse systemic infection caused by three S.
      aureus strains, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and
      quinolone-resistant S. aureus (QRSA), DW286 demonstrated the most potent
      activity, as found in vitro. Specially, DW286 is >or=8-fold more active
      against QRSA than the other fluoroquinolones. And the 50% protective doses
      for DW286 were correspondent with the in vitro activities.
AD  - College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
      Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
FAU - Yun, Hee-Jeong
AU  - Yun HJ
FAU - Min, Yu-Hong
AU  - Min YH
FAU - Lim, Jung-A
AU  - Lim JA
FAU - Kang, Jin-Wook
AU  - Kang JW
FAU - Kim, So-Young
AU  - Kim SY
FAU - Kim, Mi-Jeong
AU  - Kim MJ
FAU - Jeong, Jae-Hee
AU  - Jeong JH
FAU - Choi, Yun-Jeong
AU  - Choi YJ
FAU - Kwon, Hyun-Jin
AU  - Kwon HJ
FAU - Jung, Yong-Ho
AU  - Jung YH
FAU - Shim, Mi-Ja
AU  - Shim MJ
FAU - Choi, Eung-Chil
AU  - Choi EC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0
      (7-(3-(aminomethyl)-4-(methoxyimino)-3-methyltetrahydro-1H-1-pyrrolyl)-1-c
      yclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro(1,8)naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acid)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Fluoroquinolones)
RN  - 0 (Naphthyridines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Bacteria/*drug effects
MH  - Bacterial Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Fluoroquinolones
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Naphthyridines/*pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3071-4.

PMID- 12183276
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Prevalence of protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance mutations
      over time in drug-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive
      individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PG  - 3075-9
AB  - The prevalence of mutations that confer resistance to protease inhibitors
      and to nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 49
      blood samples from drug-naive human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected
      blood donors living in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, in 1998 was evaluated
      genotypically and phenotypically.
AD  - Unidade de Genetica, Departamento de Ciencias Morfologicas, Instituto
      Biomedico, Universidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
FAU - Dumans, Ana T
AU  - Dumans AT
FAU - Soares, Marcelo A
AU  - Soares MA
FAU - Pieniazek, Danuta
AU  - Pieniazek D
FAU - Kalish, Marcia L
AU  - Kalish ML
FAU - De Vroey, Veronique
AU  - De Vroey V
FAU - Hertogs, Kurt
AU  - Hertogs K
FAU - Tanuri, Amilcar
AU  - Tanuri A
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF413811
SI  - GENBANK/AF413812
SI  - GENBANK/AF413813
SI  - GENBANK/AF413814
SI  - GENBANK/AF413815
SI  - GENBANK/AF413816
SI  - GENBANK/AF413817
SI  - GENBANK/AF413818
SI  - GENBANK/AF413819
SI  - GENBANK/AF413820
SI  - GENBANK/AF413821
SI  - GENBANK/AF413822
SI  - GENBANK/AF413823
SI  - GENBANK/AF413824
SI  - GENBANK/AF413825
SI  - GENBANK/AF413826
SI  - GENBANK/AF413827
SI  - GENBANK/AF413828
SI  - GENBANK/AF413829
SI  - GENBANK/AF413830
SI  - GENBANK/AF413831
SI  - GENBANK/AF413832
SI  - GENBANK/AF413833
SI  - GENBANK/AF413834
SI  - GENBANK/AF413835
SI  - GENBANK/AF413836
SI  - GENBANK/AF413837
SI  - GENBANK/AF413838
SI  - GENBANK/AF413839
SI  - GENBANK/AF413840
SI  - GENBANK/AF413841
SI  - GENBANK/AF413842
SI  - GENBANK/AF413843
SI  - GENBANK/AF413844
SI  - GENBANK/AF413845
SI  - GENBANK/AF413846
SI  - GENBANK/AF413847
SI  - GENBANK/AF413848
SI  - GENBANK/AF413849
SI  - GENBANK/AF413850
SI  - GENBANK/AF413851
SI  - GENBANK/AF413852
SI  - GENBANK/AF413853
SI  - GENBANK/AF413854
SI  - GENBANK/AF413855
SI  - GENBANK/AF413856
SI  - GENBANK/AF413857
SI  - GENBANK/AF413858
SI  - GENBANK/AF413859
SI  - GENBANK/AF413860
SI  - GENBANK/AF413861
SI  - GENBANK/AF413862
SI  - GENBANK/AF413863
SI  - GENBANK/AF413864
SI  - GENBANK/AF413865
SI  - GENBANK/AF413866
SI  - GENBANK/AF413867
SI  - GENBANK/AF413868
SI  - GENBANK/AF413869
SI  - GENBANK/AF413870
SI  - GENBANK/AF413871
SI  - GENBANK/AF413872
SI  - GENBANK/AF413873
SI  - GENBANK/AF413874
SI  - GENBANK/AF413875
SI  - GENBANK/AF413876
SI  - GENBANK/AF413877
SI  - GENBANK/AF413878
SI  - GENBANK/AF413879
SI  - GENBANK/AF413880
SI  - GENBANK/AF413881
SI  - GENBANK/AF413882
SI  - GENBANK/AF413883
SI  - GENBANK/AF413884
SI  - GENBANK/AF413885
SI  - GENBANK/AF413886
SI  - GENBANK/AF413887
SI  - GENBANK/AF413888
SI  - GENBANK/AF413889
SI  - GENBANK/AF413890
SI  - GENBANK/AF413891
SI  - GENBANK/AF413892
SI  - GENBANK/AF413893
SI  - GENBANK/AF413894
SI  - GENBANK/AF413895
SI  - GENBANK/AF413896
SI  - GENBANK/AF413897
SI  - GENBANK/AF413898
SI  - GENBANK/AF413899
SI  - GENBANK/AF413900
SI  - GENBANK/AF413901
SI  - GENBANK/AF413902
SI  - GENBANK/AF413903
SI  - GENBANK/AF413904
SI  - GENBANK/AF413905
SI  - GENBANK/AF413906
SI  - GENBANK/AF413907
SI  - GENBANK/AF413908
SI  - GENBANK/AF413909
SI  - GENBANK/AF413910
SI  - GENBANK/AF413911
SI  - GENBANK/AF413912
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (HIV Protease Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.- (HIV Protease)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Brazil/epidemiology
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology
MH  - HIV Protease/metabolism
MH  - HIV Protease Inhibitors/*pharmacology
MH  - HIV Seropositivity/enzymology/metabolism
MH  - HIV-1/*drug effects/enzymology
MH  - HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation/genetics
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3075-9.

PMID- 12183277
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Effect of lamivudine on transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus
      type 1 to adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.
PG  - 3080-3
AB  - The effects of lamivudine (3TC) on in vitro infection of peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors with human T-cell
      lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) were investigated. Direct measures of
      viral replication (viral DNA, RNA, and protein) all gave similar, very
      high 50% inhibitory concentrations in comparison with those previously
      reported for zidovudine. Nevertheless, 3TC inhibited HTLV-1-driven
      long-term growth of infected PBMC in vitro at concentrations (6.25 micro
      M) which had poor or no direct antiviral effects, suggesting that another
      mechanism may be playing a role.
AD  - Department of Microbiological, Genetic and Molecular Science, University
      of Messina, Messina, Italy.
FAU - Balestrieri, Emanuela
AU  - Balestrieri E
FAU - Forte, Giancarlo
AU  - Forte G
FAU - Matteucci, Claudia
AU  - Matteucci C
FAU - Mastino, Antonio
AU  - Mastino A
FAU - Macchi, Beatrice
AU  - Macchi B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 134678-17-4 (Lamivudine)
SB  - IM
CIN - Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 May;47(5):1774;author reply 1774-5.
      PMID: 12709359
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Coculture Techniques
MH  - DNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Deltaretrovirus Infections/prevention & control/*transmission/*virology
MH  - Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lamivudine/*pharmacology
MH  - Monocytes/*virology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Virus Replication/drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3080-3.

PMID- 12183278
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparative evaluation of disk diffusion with microdilution assay in
      susceptibility testing of caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium
      isolates.
PG  - 3084-7
AB  - We compared the disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods for
      susceptibility testing of caspofungin against Aspergillus (n = 78) and
      Fusarium (n = 22) isolates. Microdilution testing followed the NCCLS M-38P
      guidelines but was performed in antibiotic medium 3 supplemented to 2%
      glucose (AM3). Disk diffusion assays were performed on AM3 agar plates
      with a 2- micro g caspofungin disk. By both methods, caspofungin showed
      favorable activity against Aspergillus isolates and no activity against
      Fusarium isolates. In the disk-based format, intrazonal growth that was
      not influenced by the drug concentration gradient was consistently
      observed for all of the Aspergillus isolates tested.
AD  - Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Center
      for the Study of Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, University of Texas
      Medical School, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. sarikan@metu.edu.tr
FAU - Arikan, Sevtap
AU  - Arikan S
FAU - Paetznick, Victor
AU  - Paetznick V
FAU - Rex, John H
AU  - Rex JH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Peptide)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Peptides, Cyclic)
RN  - 0 (caspofungin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Peptide/*pharmacology
MH  - Aspergillosis/microbiology
MH  - Aspergillus/*drug effects
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Fusarium/*drug effects
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Mycoses/microbiology
MH  - *Peptides
MH  - *Peptides, Cyclic
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3084-7.

PMID- 12183279
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Incidence of high-level evernimicin resistance in Enterococcus faecium
      among food animals and humans.
PG  - 3088-90
AB  - Six high-level evernimicin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates were
      identified among 304 avilamycin-resistant E. faecium isolates from animals
      and 404 stool samples from humans with diarrhea. All four animal isolates,
      and one of the human isolates, were able to transfer resistance to a
      susceptible E. faecium strain. The resulting transconjugants all tested
      positive for the presence of emtA, a gene encoding a methyltransferase
      previously linked with high-level evernimicin resistance. The four
      transconjugants derived from animal isolates all carried the same plasmid,
      while a differently sized plasmid was found in the isolate from humans.
      This study demonstrated a low incidence of high-level evernimicin
      resistance mediated by the emtA gene in different E. faecium isolates of
      animal and human origin.
AD  - Danish Veterinary Institute, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark. faa@vetinst.dk
FAU - Aarestrup, Frank Moller
AU  - Aarestrup FM
FAU - McNicholas, Paul M
AU  - McNicholas PM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Aminoglycosides)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Oligosaccharides)
RN  - 11051-71-1 (avilamycin)
RN  - 53024-98-9 (everninomicin)
RN  - EC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Aminoglycosides
MH  - Animal Feed/analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Chickens/*microbiology
MH  - Conjugation, Genetic
MH  - Denmark/epidemiology
MH  - Diarrhea/microbiology
MH  - Drug Resistance
MH  - Enterococcus faecium/*drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Methyltransferases/genetics
MH  - Oligosaccharides/pharmacology
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Swine/*microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3088-90.

PMID- 12183280
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Voriconazole inhibition of the metabolism of tacrolimus in a liver
      transplant recipient and in human liver microsomes.
PG  - 3091-3
AB  - The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of voriconazole on the
      blood tacrolimus concentration in a liver transplant recipient and to
      examine the interaction between voriconazole and tacrolimus by using human
      liver microsomes. Two subjects were enrolled in the clinical study: one
      received voriconazole, and the other received a placebo. Tacrolimus
      metabolism was evaluated in human liver microsomes at various
      concentrations in the absence and presence of various concentrations of
      voriconazole. Coadministration of voriconazole and tacrolimus resulted in
      elevated (nearly 10-fold-higher) trough tacrolimus blood concentrations in
      the liver transplant patient. In the in vitro study, voriconazole at a
      concentration of 10.4 +/- 4.3 micro g/ml inhibited the metabolism of
      tacrolimus by 50%. Clinically relevant concentrations of voriconazole
      inhibited the metabolism of tacrolimus in human liver microsomes. Close
      monitoring of the blood concentration and adjustment in the dose of
      tacrolimus are warranted in transplant recipients treated with
      voriconazole.
AD  - School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, and Veterans Affairs Medical
      Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15240, USA.
FAU - Venkataramanan, Raman
AU  - Venkataramanan R
FAU - Zang, Shimin
AU  - Zang S
FAU - Gayowski, Timothy
AU  - Gayowski T
FAU - Singh, Nina
AU  - Singh N
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Immunosuppressive Agents)
RN  - 0 (Pyrimidines)
RN  - 0 (Triazoles)
RN  - 0 (voriconazole)
RN  - 109581-93-3 (Tacrolimus)
RN  - 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System)
RN  - EC 1.14.14.1 (CYP3A protein, human)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunosuppressive Agents/*metabolism
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Liver Transplantation/*physiology
MH  - Microsomes, Liver/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Pyrimidines/*pharmacology
MH  - Tacrolimus/*metabolism
MH  - Triazoles/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3091-3.

PMID- 12183281
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparative activities of the oxazolidinone AZD2563 and linezolid against
      selected recent North American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
PG  - 3094-5
AB  - The activity of AZD2563 against 250 highly resistant pneumococci and 267
      drug-susceptible isolates was determined. The AZD2563 MICs for 50 and 90%
      of the strains tested were 1 and 2 micro g/ml and 0.5 and 1 micro g/ml,
      respectively, for the two isolate groups. These MICs were within 1 log(2)
      dilution of those of linezolid.
AD  - Infectious Disease Service of Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio,
      Texas, USA.
FAU - Baum, Sue E
AU  - Baum SE
FAU - Crawford, Sharon A
AU  - Crawford SA
FAU - McElmeel, M L
AU  - McElmeel ML
FAU - Whitney, Cynthia G
AU  - Whitney CG
FAU - Jorgensen, James H
AU  - Jorgensen JH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (AZD2563)
RN  - 0 (Acetamides)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Oxazolidinones)
RN  - 165800-03-3 (linezolid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetamides/*pharmacology
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - North America
MH  - Oxazolidinones/*pharmacology
MH  - Pneumococcal Infections/microbiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/*drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3094-5.

PMID- 12183282
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Effect of the echinocandin caspofungin on expression of Candida albicans
      secretory aspartyl proteinases and phospholipase in vitro.
PG  - 3096-100
AB  - Although the echinocandin caspofungin primarily inhibits the synthesis of
      cell wall 1,3-beta-D-glucan, its fungicidal activity could also
      potentially perturb the expression of virulence factors involved in the
      ability of Candida albicans to cause infection. Expression of the C.
      albicans secretory aspartyl proteinase (SAP) and phospholipase B (PLB)
      virulence genes was determined by reverse transcription-PCR after the
      addition of caspofungin to cells grown for 15 h in Sabouraud dextrose
      broth. In cells that remained viable, expression of SAP1 to SAP3, SAP7 to
      SAP9, and PLB1 was unaltered after exposure to fungicidal concentrations
      (4 to 16 micro g/ml) of caspofungin over a period of 7 h. However,
      expression of SAP5 increased steadily beginning 1 h after exposure to
      caspofungin. These results indicate that caspofungin is rapidly fungicidal
      against C. albicans, before any suppression of SAP or PLB1 gene expression
      can occur.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University
      of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
FAU - Ripeau, Jean-Sebastien
AU  - Ripeau JS
FAU - Aumont, Francine
AU  - Aumont F
FAU - Belhumeur, Pierre
AU  - Belhumeur P
FAU - Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis
AU  - Ostrosky-Zeichner L
FAU - Rex, John H
AU  - Rex JH
FAU - de Repentigny, Louis
AU  - de Repentigny L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal)
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Peptide)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Peptides, Cyclic)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (caspofungin)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Phospholipases)
RN  - EC 3.4.23 (Aspartic Endopeptidases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Antifungal/*pharmacology
MH  - Antibiotics, Peptide/*pharmacology
MH  - Aspartic Endopeptidases/*biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Candida albicans/drug effects/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/*drug effects
MH  - Genes, Fungal/genetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - *Peptides
MH  - *Peptides, Cyclic
MH  - Phospholipases/*biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - RNA, Fungal/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3096-100.

PMID- 12183283
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Development of a yeast assay for rapid screening of inhibitors of
      human-derived Pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase.
PG  - 3101-3
AB  - Human-derived Pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) was
      expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain whose growth depends on
      complementation by this enzyme. We utilized a quantitative assay to
      measure the sensitivity of this yeast strain to DHFR inhibitors. This
      assay should be useful for identifying new inhibitors of human-derived P.
      carinii DHFR.
AD  - Critical Care Medicine Department, Warren Grant Magnuson Clinical Center,
      National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1662, USA.
FAU - Ma, Liang
AU  - Ma L
FAU - Jia, Qiuyao
AU  - Jia Q
FAU - Kovacs, Joseph A
AU  - Kovacs JA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Folic Acid Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Triazines)
RN  - 47326-86-3 (BRL 6231)
RN  - 52128-35-5 (Trimetrexate)
RN  - 58-14-0 (Pyrimethamine)
RN  - 738-70-5 (Trimethoprim)
RN  - EC 1.5.1.3 (Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
MH  - Folic Acid Antagonists/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pneumocystis/*enzymology
MH  - Pneumocystis Infections/enzymology/microbiology
MH  - Pyrimethamine/pharmacology
MH  - Rats
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects/*enzymology
MH  - Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/*metabolism
MH  - Triazines/pharmacology
MH  - Trimethoprim/pharmacology
MH  - Trimetrexate/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3101-3.

PMID- 12183284
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Prevalence of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus among
      inpatients and outpatients in the United States during 2000.
PG  - 3104-5
FAU - Jones, Mark E
AU  - Jones ME
FAU - Mayfield, David C
AU  - Mayfield DC
FAU - Thornsberry, Clyde
AU  - Thornsberry C
FAU - Karlowsky, James A
AU  - Karlowsky JA
FAU - Sahm, Daniel F
AU  - Sahm DF
FAU - Peterson, Dan
AU  - Peterson D
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Penicillins)
RN  - 66-79-5 (Oxacillin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Humans
MH  - Methicillin Resistance
MH  - Oxacillin/*pharmacology
MH  - Penicillin Resistance
MH  - Penicillins/*pharmacology
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections/*epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Staphylococcus aureus/*drug effects
MH  - United States/epidemiology
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3104-5.

PMID- 12183285
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Relationship between antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae and
      that in Haemophilus influenzae: evidence for common selective pressure.
PG  - 3106-7
FAU - Jones, Mark E
AU  - Jones ME
FAU - Karlowsky, James A
AU  - Karlowsky JA
FAU - Blosser-Middleton, Renee
AU  - Blosser-Middleton R
FAU - Critchley, Ian
AU  - Critchley I
FAU - Thornsberry, Clyde
AU  - Thornsberry C
FAU - Sahm, Daniel F
AU  - Sahm DF
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
SB  - IM
MH  - *Drug Resistance
MH  - Drug Utilization
MH  - Haemophilus influenzae/*drug effects
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Selection (Genetics)
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/*drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3106-7.

PMID- 12183286
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - gyrA Mutations associated with nalidixic acid-resistant salmonellae from
      wild birds.
PG  - 3108-9
FAU - Reche, M Paloma
AU  - Reche MP
FAU - Garcia de los Rios, Jose E
AU  - Garcia de los Rios JE
FAU - Jimenez, Pedro A
AU  - Jimenez PA
FAU - Rojas, Ana M
AU  - Rojas AM
FAU - Rotger, Rafael
AU  - Rotger R
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF447053
SI  - GENBANK/AF447054
SI  - GENBANK/AF447055
SI  - GENBANK/AF447056
SI  - GENBANK/AF447057
SI  - GENBANK/AF447058
SI  - GENBANK/AF447059
SI  - GENBANK/X78977
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 389-08-2 (Nalidixic Acid)
RN  - EC 5.99.1.- (DNA Gyrase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Infective Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Birds/*microbiology
MH  - DNA Gyrase/*genetics
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial
MH  - Feces/microbiology
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation/*genetics
MH  - Nalidixic Acid/*pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Salmonella/*drug effects
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3108-9.

PMID- 12183287
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020816
DCOM- 20030213
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0066-4804
VI  - 46
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Amino acid substitutions at position 69 of the reverse transcriptase of
      human immunodeficiency virus type 1 are frequent in zalcitabine-naive
      antiretroviral-drug-experienced patients.
PG  - 3110-1
FAU - Montes, Brigitte
AU  - Montes B
FAU - Segondy, Michel
AU  - Segondy M
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother
JID - 0315061
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
RN  - 7481-89-2 (Zalcitabine)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase)
SB  - IM
CON - Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001 Aug;45(8):2276-9. PMID: 11451685
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution/*genetics
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - *Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
MH  - Drug Resistance, Viral
MH  - HIV-1/*enzymology/*genetics
MH  - HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/*therapeutic use
MH  - Zalcitabine/*therapeutic use
EDAT- 2002/08/17 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/14 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002 Sep;46(9):3110-1.

PMID- 12184817
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030512
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Aug 16
TI  - Low agreement for assessing the risk of postoperative deep venous
      thrombosis when deciding prophylaxis strategies: a study using clinical
      vignettes.
PG  - 16
AB  - BACKGROUND: Several clinical practice guidelines (CPG) on antithrombotic
      prophylaxis in surgical patients help to decide about the prophylaxis
      strategy based on the patient risk of deep venous thrombosis (DVT).
      However, the physician risk estimates of DVT could have little
      inter-observer reproducibility, which could lead to different individual
      prophylaxis practices. METHODS: Physicians were asked to evaluate DVT risk
      in eight clinical vignettes, describing actual patients cared for in our
      hospital. The vignettes included all possible levels of DVT risk. RESULTS:
      The degree of prophylaxis strategies accuracy was 63% (95% CI 523-75%).
      Overall agreement was 0.32 (z = 7.61, p < 0.001) and for each level of
      risk kappa was 0.38 (z = 6.50, p < 0.001); 0.1 (z = 1.65, p < 0.049) and
      0.5 (z = 8.45, p < 0.001) for small, moderate and high risk group
      respectively CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that there is poor agreement
      when physicians have to evaluate the risk for postoperative DVT, and in
      the cases of low and moderate risks of DVT there is the smallest
      agreement. In addition, the data also showed that the overall accuracy of
      DVT prophylaxis strategy was only moderate and the risk evaluation did not
      correlate to the selection of the strategy. The issue of inter-observers
      variability should be taken into account when CPG performance are
      analysed, especially when considering the risk-evaluation to choose the
      appropriate actions.
AD  - Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitario Austral.
      moflaherty@cas.austral.edu.ar
FAU - O'Flaherty, Martin
AU  - O'Flaherty M
FAU - Lerum, Kaja
AU  - Lerum K
FAU - Martin, Paula
AU  - Martin P
FAU - Grassi, Daniel
AU  - Grassi D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020816
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
RN  - 0 (Nadroparin)
RN  - 9005-49-6 (Heparin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Argentina/epidemiology
MH  - Bandages/utilization
MH  - Decision Making
MH  - Early Ambulation/utilization
MH  - Female
MH  - Heparin/therapeutic use
MH  - Hospitals, University/standards
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Medical Audit
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nadroparin/therapeutic use
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Postoperative Complications/classification/*epidemiology/*prevention &
      control
MH  - *Practice Guidelines
MH  - Premedication/utilization
MH  - Risk Assessment/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Venous Thrombosis/*epidemiology/etiology/*prevention & control
EDAT- 2002/08/20 10:00
MHDA- 2003/05/13 05:00
PHST- 2002/04/19 [received]
PHST- 2002/08/16 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/16 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Aug 16;2(1):16.

PMID- 12185243
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041203
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Stimulation of the cell cycle and maize transformation by disruption of
      the plant retinoblastoma pathway.
PG  - 11975-80
AB  - The genome of the Mastreviruses encodes a replication-associated protein
      (RepA) that interacts with members of the plant retinoblastoma-related
      protein family, which are putative cell cycle regulators. Expression of
      ZmRb1, a maize retinoblastoma-related gene, and RepA inhibited and
      stimulated, respectively, cell division in tobacco cell cultures. The
      effect of RepA was mitigated by over-expression of ZmRb1. RepA increased
      transformation frequency and callus growth rate of high type II maize
      germplasm. RepA-containing transgenic maize calli remained embryogenic,
      were readily regenerable, and produced fertile plants that transmitted
      transgene expression in a Mendelian fashion. In high type II,
      transformation frequency increased with the strength of the promoter
      driving RepA expression. When a construct in which RepA was expressed
      behind its native LIR promoter was used, primary transformation
      frequencies did not improve for two elite Pioneer maize inbreds. However,
      when LIR:RepA-containing transgenic embryos were used in subsequent rounds
      of transformation, frequencies were higher in the RepA+ embryos. These
      data demonstrate that RepA can stimulate cell division and callus growth
      in culture, and improve maize transformation.
AD  - Pioneer Hi-Bred, International, Inc., Johnston, IA 50131, USA.
      william.gordon-kamm@pioneer.com
FAU - Gordon-Kamm, William
AU  - Gordon-Kamm W
FAU - Dilkes, Brian P
AU  - Dilkes BP
FAU - Lowe, Keith
AU  - Lowe K
FAU - Hoerster, George
AU  - Hoerster G
FAU - Sun, Xifan
AU  - Sun X
FAU - Ross, Margit
AU  - Ross M
FAU - Church, Laura
AU  - Church L
FAU - Bunde, Chris
AU  - Bunde C
FAU - Farrell, Jeff
AU  - Farrell J
FAU - Hill, Patrea
AU  - Hill P
FAU - Maddock, Sheila
AU  - Maddock S
FAU - Snyder, Jane
AU  - Snyder J
FAU - Sykes, Louisa
AU  - Sykes L
FAU - Li, Zhongsen
AU  - Li Z
FAU - Woo, Young-min
AU  - Woo YM
FAU - Bidney, Dennis
AU  - Bidney D
FAU - Larkins, Brian A
AU  - Larkins BA
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY138520
SI  - GENBANK/AY138521
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020816
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Retinoblastoma Protein)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (replication initiator protein)
RN  - EC 5.99.- (DNA Helicases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Cell Cycle
MH  - Cell Division
MH  - *DNA Helicases
MH  - *DNA-Binding Proteins
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Proteins/physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Retinoblastoma Protein/*metabolism
MH  - *Trans-Activators
MH  - Zea mays/*cytology/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/20 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/16 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.142409899 [doi]
AID - 142409899 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11975-80. Epub 2002 Aug 16.

PMID- 12185244
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Formation of geometrically complex lipid nanotube-vesicle networks of
      higher-order topologies.
PG  - 11573-8
AB  - We present a microelectrofusion method for construction of fluid-state
      lipid bilayer networks of high geometrical complexity up to fully
      connected networks with genus = 3 topology. Within networks,
      self-organizing branching nanotube architectures could be produced where
      intersections spontaneously arrange themselves into three-way junctions
      with an angle of 120 degrees between each nanotube. Formation of branching
      nanotube networks appears to follow a minimum-bending energy algorithm
      that solves for pathway minimization. It is also demonstrated that
      materials can be injected into specific containers within a network by
      nanotube-mediated transport of satellite vesicles having defined contents.
      Using a combination of microelectrofusion, spontaneous nanotube pattern
      formation, and satellite-vesicle injection, complex networks of containers
      and nanotubes can be produced for a range of applications in, for example,
      nanofluidics and artificial cell design. In addition, this electrofusion
      method allows integration of biological cells into lipid nanotube-vesicle
      networks.
AD  - Department of Physical Chemistry and Microtechnology Center, Chalmers
      University of Technology, SE-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden.
FAU - Karlsson, Mattias
AU  - Karlsson M
FAU - Sott, Kristin
AU  - Sott K
FAU - Davidson, Maximillian
AU  - Davidson M
FAU - Cans, Ann-Sofie
AU  - Cans AS
FAU - Linderholm, Pontus
AU  - Linderholm P
FAU - Chiu, Daniel
AU  - Chiu D
FAU - Orwar, Owe
AU  - Orwar O
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020816
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Lipids/*chemistry
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/20 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/16 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.172183699 [doi]
AID - 172183699 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11573-8. Epub 2002 Aug 16.

PMID- 12185245
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Loss of microsatellite diversity and low effective population size in an
      overexploited population of New Zealand snapper (Pagrus auratus).
PG  - 11742-7
AB  - Although the effects of overfishing on species diversity and abundance are
      well documented, threats to the genetic diversity of marine fish
      populations have so far been largely neglected. Indeed, there seems to be
      little cause for concern, as even "collapsed" stocks usually consist of
      several million individuals, whereas population genetics theory suggests
      that only very small populations suffer significant loss of genetic
      diversity. On the other hand, in many marine species the genetically
      effective population size (N(e)), which determines the genetic properties
      of a population, may be orders of magnitude smaller than the census
      population size (N). Here, microsatellite analyses of a time series of
      archived scales demonstrated a significant decline in genetic diversity in
      a New Zealand snapper population during its exploitation history.
      Effective population sizes estimated both from the decline in
      heterozygosity and from temporal fluctuations in allele frequency were
      five orders of magnitude smaller than census population sizes from fishery
      data. If such low N(e)/N ratios are commonplace in marine species, many
      exploited marine fish stocks may be in danger of losing genetic
      variability, potentially resulting in reduced adaptability, population
      persistence, and productivity.
AD  - Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory, Department of
      Biological Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
      lhauser@u.washington.edu
FAU - Hauser, Lorenz
AU  - Hauser L
FAU - Adcock, Greg J
AU  - Adcock GJ
FAU - Smith, Peter J
AU  - Smith PJ
FAU - Ramirez, Julio H Bernal
AU  - Ramirez JH
FAU - Carvalho, Gary R
AU  - Carvalho GR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020816
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Evolution
MH  - Microsatellite Repeats/*genetics
MH  - Perciformes/*genetics
MH  - Population Density
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Species Specificity
EDAT- 2002/08/20 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/16 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.172242899 [doi]
AID - 172242899 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11742-7. Epub 2002 Aug 16.

PMID- 12186657
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021216
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Aug 19
TI  - A approximately 35 kDa polypeptide from insect cells binds to yeast ACS
      like elements in the presence of ATP.
PG  - 23
AB  - BACKGROUND: The S. cerevisiae origin recognition complex binds to the ARS
      consensus sequence in an ATP dependent fashion. Recently, the yeast Cdc6
      has been reported to have DNA binding activity. Conservation of
      replication proteins among different species strongly supports their
      functional similarity. Here we report the results of an investigation into
      the DNA binding activity of human Cdc6 protein. Cdc6 was expressed and
      purified from baculovirus infected Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect
      cells as GST fusion protein (GST-Cdc6) and its DNA binding activity was
      tested. RESULTS: Partially purified fractions containing GSTCdc6 or GST
      showed an ACS binding activity in an ATP dependent manner. However,
      further purification revealed the presence of a putative 35 kDa insect
      cell protein (p35) which was found responsible for the DNA binding
      activity. A close match to the 9/11 bases of the ARS consensus sequence
      was sufficient for p35 binding activity. A DNA fragment from the human
      c-myc origin region containing yeast ACS like elements also showed p35
      binding activity. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a Spodoptera frugiperda
      protein with ATP dependent DNA binding activity to ACS like elements. ACS
      like elements have been reported to be essential for ORC binding and
      replication initiation in yeast but their role in higher eukaryotes still
      remains elusive. Like the ARS consensus sequence elements of yeast, ACS
      like elements found in c-myc and lamin beta 2 origin regions may play
      similar roles in replication and indicate a conserved role for this DNA
      motif among eukaryotes.
AD  - Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New
      Delhi-110067, India. skdhar2002@yahoo.co.in
FAU - Dhar, Suman K
AU  - Dhar SK
FAU - Mondal, Neelima
AU  - Mondal N
FAU - Soni, Rajesh K
AU  - Soni RK
FAU - Mukhopadhyay, Gauranga
AU  - Mukhopadhyay G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020819
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 122544-18-7 (CDC6 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate)
RN  - 60-00-4 (Edetic Acid)
RN  - 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Cell Cycle Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Fungal/genetics/metabolism
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Edetic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Weight
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Peptides/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding/drug effects
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Replication Origin/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
MH  - *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
MH  - Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
MH  - Spodoptera
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2002/08/21 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/18 04:00
PHST- 2002/03/28 [received]
PHST- 2002/08/19 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/19 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Aug 19;3(1):23.

PMID- 12186975
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - SALSA, a variant of yeast SAGA, contains truncated Spt7, which correlates
      with activated transcription.
PG  - 11622-7
AB  - Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) is a previously described histone
      acetyltransferase/transcriptional coactivator complex in yeast. At
      promoters of certain genes (HIS3 and TRP3), SAGA has an inhibitory
      function involving a nonproductive TATA-binding protein interaction
      mediated by the Spt3 and Spt8 subunits. Related to this, Spt8-less SAGA is
      a major form of the complex under activating conditions for these genes.
      In the present study, we purify this activation-specific complex, called
      SALSA (SAGA altered, Spt8 absent). Besides lacking Spt8, SALSA contains
      Spt7 subunit that is truncated. Examining the role of this subunit, we
      find that C-terminally truncated SPT7 resulted in derepressed HIS3
      transcription. Furthermore, when grown in rich media (repressing
      conditions), wild-type cells yielded predominantly SAGA, but Spt7
      C-terminal truncations resulted primarily in a form of complex similar to
      SALSA. Thus, SALSA-like structure and activating function can be partially
      recapitulated in yeast by truncating the C terminus of Spt7. Overall,
      these results lead to a model that for a subset of promoters SAGA is
      inhibitory through Spt3, Spt8, and an Spt8-interacting subdomain of Spt7,
      whereas SALSA is a form of complex for positive transcriptional
      regulation. These data clarify a mechanism by which a transcriptional
      regulatory complex can switch between positive and negative modulation.
AD  - The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
FAU - Sterner, David E
AU  - Sterner DE
FAU - Belotserkovskaya, Rimma
AU  - Belotserkovskaya R
FAU - Berger, Shelley L
AU  - Berger SL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020819
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (SPT7 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Fungal Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plasmids
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism
MH  - *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
MH  - Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - *Transcription, Genetic
EDAT- 2002/08/21 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/19 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.182021199 [doi]
AID - 182021199 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11622-7. Epub 2002 Aug 19.

PMID- 12186978
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Essential myosin light chain as a target for caspase-3 in failing
      myocardium.
PG  - 11860-5
AB  - Programmed cell death involves the activation of caspase proteases that
      can mediate the cleavage of vital cytoskeletal proteins. We have recently
      reported that, in failing cardiac myocytes, caspase-3 activation is
      associated with a reduction in contractile performance. In this study we
      used a modified yeast two-hybrid system to screen for caspase-3
      interacting proteins of the cardiac cytoskeleton. We identified
      ventricular essential myosin light chain (vMLC1) as a target for
      caspase-3. By sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis, a noncanonical
      cleavage site for caspase-3 was mapped to the C-terminal DFVE(135)G motif.
      We demonstrated that vMLC1 cleavage in failing myocardium in vivo is
      associated with a morphological disruption of the organized vMLC1 staining
      of sarcomeres, and with a reduction in myocyte contractile performance.
      Adenoviral gene transfer of the caspase inhibitor p35 in vivo prevented
      caspase-3 activation and vMLC1 cleavage, with positive impact on
      contractility. These data suggest that direct cleavage of vMLC1 by
      activated caspase-3 may contribute to depression of myocyte function by
      altering cross-bridge interaction between myosin and actin molecules.
      Therefore, activation of apoptotic pathways in the heart may lead to
      contractile dysfunction before cell death.
AD  - I. Medizinische Klinik and Deutsches Herzzentrum, D-81675 Munich, Germany.
FAU - Moretti, Alessandra
AU  - Moretti A
FAU - Weig, Hans-Jorg
AU  - Weig HJ
FAU - Ott, Thomas
AU  - Ott T
FAU - Seyfarth, Melchior
AU  - Seyfarth M
FAU - Holthoff, Hans-Peter
AU  - Holthoff HP
FAU - Grewe, Diana
AU  - Grewe D
FAU - Gillitzer, Angelika
AU  - Gillitzer A
FAU - Bott-Flugel, Lorenz
AU  - Bott-Flugel L
FAU - Schomig, Albert
AU  - Schomig A
FAU - Ungerer, Martin
AU  - Ungerer M
FAU - Laugwitz, Karl-Ludwig
AU  - Laugwitz KL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020819
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (Myosin Light Chains)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (caspase-3)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Caspases/*metabolism
MH  - Heart/*physiopathology
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Myocardium/enzymology/*metabolism
MH  - Myosin Light Chains/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sarcomeres/metabolism
MH  - Substrate Specificity
EDAT- 2002/08/21 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/19 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.182373099 [doi]
AID - 182373099 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11860-5. Epub 2002 Aug 19.

PMID- 12186979
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Evidence for an ancient selective sweep in the MHC class I gene repertoire
      of chimpanzees.
PG  - 11748-53
AB  - MHC class I molecules play an essential role in the immune defense against
      intracellular infections. The hallmark of the MHC is its extensive degree
      of polymorphism at the population level. However, the present comparison
      of MHC class I gene intron variation revealed that chimpanzees have
      experienced a severe repertoire reduction at the orthologues of the HLA-A,
      -B, and -C loci. The loss of variability predates the (sub)speciation of
      chimpanzees and did not effect other known gene systems. Therefore the
      selective sweep in the MHC class I gene may have resulted from a
      widespread viral infection. Based on the present results and the fact that
      chimpanzees have a natural resistance to the development of AIDS, we
      hypothesize that the selective sweep was caused by the chimpanzee-derived
      simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz), the closest relative of HIV-1, or
      a closely related retrovirus. Hence, the contemporary chimpanzee
      populations represent the offspring of AIDS-resistant animals, the
      survivors of a HIV-like pandemic that took place in the distant past.
AD  - Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, P.O. Box
      3306, 2280 GH, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
FAU - de Groot, Natasja G
AU  - de Groot NG
FAU - Otting, Nel
AU  - Otting N
FAU - Doxiadis, Gaby G M
AU  - Doxiadis GG
FAU - Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh, Sunita S
AU  - Balla-Jhagjhoorsingh SS
FAU - Heeney, Jonathan L
AU  - Heeney JL
FAU - van Rood, Jon J
AU  - van Rood JJ
FAU - Gagneux, Pascal
AU  - Gagneux P
FAU - Bontrop, Ronald E
AU  - Bontrop RE
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313335
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313336
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313337
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313338
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313339
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313340
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313341
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313342
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313343
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313344
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313345
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313346
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313347
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313348
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313349
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313350
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313351
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313352
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313353
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313354
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313355
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313356
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313357
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313358
SI  - GENBANK/AJ313359
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020819
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - DNA
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - *Genes, MHC Class I
MH  - Introns
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Pan troglodytes/*genetics
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
EDAT- 2002/08/21 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/19 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.182420799 [doi]
AID - 182420799 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11748-53. Epub 2002 Aug 19.

PMID- 12192093
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Functional plasticity of an antigen-specific memory CD4 T cell population.
PG  - 11802-7
AB  - The protective nature of memory immune responses is attributed largely to
      terminally differentiated memory T cells that retain memory of the antigen
      via the antigen receptor and memory of the effector functions that
      initially cleared the pathogen. It is not known whether a given population
      of antigen-specific memory T cells is endowed with functional flexibility
      to provide protective responses against antigens reencountered in
      different immunological contexts. Here, we examine functional properties
      of influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-specific memory CD4 T cells recovered from
      adoptive hosts that received in vitro-activated HA-specific T cell
      receptor-transgenic CD4 T cells 2 months to 1 year previously. We
      demonstrate that this HA-specific memory CD4 T cell population bearing a
      clonal T cell receptor can produce predominantly T helper 1 or T helper 2
      effector cytokines depending on the nature of the recall stimulus. Our
      findings reveal remarkable functional plasticity within an
      antigen-specific memory T cell population and have direct implications for
      modulating memory T cell function in vaccine design and treatments for
      autoimmune diseases.
AD  - Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, MSTF
      Building, Room 400, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
FAU - Ahmadzadeh, Mojgan
AU  - Ahmadzadeh M
FAU - Farber, Donna L
AU  - Farber DL
LA  - eng
GR  - AI42092/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020821
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adoptive Transfer
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens/*immunology
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology
MH  - Cell Differentiation
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis
MH  - *Immunologic Memory
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/08/23 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/21 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.192263099 [doi]
AID - 192263099 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11802-7. Epub 2002 Aug 21.

PMID- 12193273
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
DA  - 20020823
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Aug 23
TI  - Delineation of RAID1, the RACK1 interaction domain located within the
      unique N-terminal region of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4D5.
PG  - 24
AB  - Background The cyclic AMP specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4D5 interacts
      with the beta-propeller protein RACK1 to form a signaling scaffold complex
      in cells. Two-hybrid analysis of truncation and mutant constructs of the
      unique N-terminal region of the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE4D5
      was used to define a domain conferring interaction with the signaling
      scaffold protein, RACK1. Results Truncation and mutagenesis approaches
      showed that the RACK1-interacting domain on PDE4D5 comprised a cluster of
      residues provided by Asn-22/Pro-23/Trp-24/Asn-26 together with a series of
      hydrophobic amino acids, namely Leu-29, Val-30, Leu-33, Leu-37 and Leu-38
      in a 'Leu-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-Leu' repeat. This was done by 2-hybrid analyses and
      then confirmed in biochemical pull down analyses using GST-RACK1 and
      mutant PDE4D5 forms expressed in COS cells. Mutation of Arg-34, to
      alanine, in PDE4D5 attenuated its interaction with RACK1 both in 2-hybrid
      screens and in pull down analyses. A 38-mer peptide, whose sequence
      reflected residues 12 through 49 of PDE4D5, bound to RACK1 with similar
      affinity to native PDE4D5 itself (Ka circa 6 nM). Conclusion The RACK1
      Interaction Domain on PDE4D5, that we here call RAID1, is proposed to form
      an amphipathic helical structure that we suggest may interact with the
      C-terminal beta-propeller blades of RACK1 in a manner akin to the
      interaction of the helical G-gamma signal transducing protein with the
      beta-propeller protein, G-beta.
AU  - Bolger GB
AU  - McCahill A
AU  - Yarwood SJ
AU  - Steele MS
AU  - Warwicker J
AU  - Houslay MD
LA  - ENG
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
EDAT- 2002/08/24 10:00
MHDA- 2002/08/24 10:00
PHST- 2002/06/06 [received]
PHST- 2002/08/23 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/23 [aheadofprint]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Aug 23;3(1):24.

PMID- 12193647
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Using mechanical force to probe the mechanism of pausing and arrest during
      continuous elongation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
PG  - 11682-7
AB  - Escherichia coli RNA polymerase translocates along the DNA discontinuously
      during the elongation phase of transcription, spending proportionally more
      time at some template positions, known as pause and arrest sites, than at
      others. Current models of elongation suggest that the enzyme backtracks at
      these locations, but the dynamics are unresolved. Here, we study the role
      of lateral displacement in pausing and arrest by applying force to
      individually transcribing molecules. We find that an assisting mechanical
      force does not alter the translocation rate of the enzyme, but does reduce
      the efficiency of both pausing and arrest. Moreover, arrested molecules
      cannot be rescued by force, suggesting that arrest occurs by a bipartite
      mechanism: the enzyme backtracks along the DNA followed by a
      conformational change of the ternary complex (RNA polymerase, DNA and
      transcript), which cannot be reversed mechanically.
AD  - The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley,
      CA 94720, USA.
FAU - Forde, Nancy R
AU  - Forde NR
FAU - Izhaky, David
AU  - Izhaky D
FAU - Woodcock, Glenna R
AU  - Woodcock GR
FAU - Wuite, Gijs J L
AU  - Wuite GJ
FAU - Bustamante, Carlos
AU  - Bustamante C
LA  - eng
GR  - 5R37GM032543-21/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020822
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - EC 2.7.7.6 (DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases)
SB  - IM
MH  - DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Escherichia coli/*enzymology
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
EDAT- 2002/08/24 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/22 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.142417799 [doi]
AID - 142417799 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11682-7. Epub 2002 Aug 22.

PMID- 12193650
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Sleep forms memory for finger skills.
PG  - 11987-91
AB  - Practicing a motor skill triggers a process of memory consolidation that
      continues for hours after practice has ended, and becomes manifest in an
      improved skill at later testing. We used a sequential motor task
      (finger-to-thumb opposition task) to show that, in humans, the formation
      of motor skill memories essentially benefits from sleep. Independent of
      whether placed during daytime or nighttime, sleep after practice enhanced
      speed of sequence performance on average by 33.5% and reduced error rate
      by 30.1% as compared with corresponding intervals of wakefulness. The
      effect of sleep after learning proved to be stable when retesting was
      postponed for another night, to exclude effects of sleep loss and to
      assure that all subjects had sufficient sleep before retrieval testing.
      Also, the consolidating effect of sleep was specific for the motor
      sequence learned. It did not generalize to a similar sequence containing
      identical movement segments in a different order. Retention periods of
      wakefulness improved performance only moderately and only if placed during
      daytime. The observations demonstrate a critical role of sleep for storing
      and optimizing motor skills.
AD  - Department of Neuroendocrinology, University of Lubeck, D-23538 Lubeck,
      Germany.
FAU - Fischer, Stefan
AU  - Fischer S
FAU - Hallschmid, Manfred
AU  - Hallschmid M
FAU - Elsner, Anna Lisa
AU  - Elsner AL
FAU - Born, Jan
AU  - Born J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020822
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Fingers/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Memory
MH  - *Motor Activity
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sleep/*physiology
EDAT- 2002/08/24 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/22 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.182178199 [doi]
AID - 182178199 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11987-91. Epub 2002 Aug 22.

PMID- 12195021
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020904
DCOM- 20020927
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 0027-8424
VI  - 99
IP  - 18
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - SAGE Genie: a suite with panoramic view of gene expression.
PG  - 11547-8
AD  - Department of Cancer Biology, 658 MRB II, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center,
      Nashville, TN 37232, USA. peng.liang@vanderbilt.edu
FAU - Liang, Peng
AU  - Liang P
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020823
PL  - United States
TA  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
JID - 7505876
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
SB  - IM
CON - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Aug 20;99(17):11287-92. PMID: 12119410
MH  - Brain/metabolism
MH  - Brain Neoplasms/genetics
MH  - DNA, Complementary
MH  - Expressed Sequence Tags
MH  - *Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Humans
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/27 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/28 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/23 [aheadofprint]
AID - 10.1073/pnas.192436299 [doi]
AID - 192436299 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002 Sep 3;99(18):11547-8. Epub 2002 Aug 23.

PMID- 12202540
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections: controversy
      and conundrums.
PG  - 3115-20
AD  - University of Utah School of Medicine and Diagnostic Infectious Diseases
      Laboratories, ARUP Laboratories, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
      kcarrol7@jhmi.edu
FAU - Carroll, Karen C
AU  - Carroll KC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Laboratories
MH  - *Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
MH  - Microbiology
MH  - Respiratory Tract Infections/*diagnosis/*etiology
RF  - 26
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3115-20.

PMID- 12202541
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041118
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing inducible DHA-1
      beta-lactamase in a university hospital in Taiwan.
PG  - 3121-6
AB  - Ten nonrepetitive clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibiting an
      unusual inducible beta-lactam resistance phenotype were identified between
      January 1999 and September 2001 in a university hospital in Taiwan. In the
      presence of 2 micro g of clavulanic acid, the isolates showed a one to
      four twofold concentration increase in the MICs of ceftazidime,
      cefotaxime, and aztreonam but remained susceptible to cefepime (MICs,
      </=0.5 micro g/ml) and imipenem (MICs, </=0.5 micro g/ml). PCR, sequence
      analysis, and isoelectric focusing revealed production by these isolates
      of TEM-1, SHV-11, and DHA-1, a plasmid-encoded inducible AmpC
      beta-lactamase originally found in a Salmonella enterica serovar
      Enteritidis strain. Transfer of the resistance by conjugation experiments
      was not successful, but Southern hybridization showed that bla(DHA-1) was
      located on 70-kb plasmids, suggesting that the bla(DHA-1)-containing
      plasmids in the K. pneumoniae isolates were non-self-transmissible. Five
      isolates were recovered from patients in two surgery wards and two
      intensive care units. Acquisition of the DHA-1 producers could be traced
      back to previous hospitalizations 1 to 5 months earlier for the other five
      patients. Six and seven patterns among the isolates were demonstrated by
      plasmid analysis and ribotyping, respectively, indicating that the spread
      of the DHA-1 producers was due to both horizontal transfer of bla(DHA-1)
      and dissemination of endemic clones.
AD  - Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung
      University. Department of Pathology, Sinlau Christian Hospital, Tainan,
      Taiwan.
FAU - Yan, Jing-Jou
AU  - Yan JJ
FAU - Ko, Wen-Chien
AU  - Ko WC
FAU - Jung, Yun-Chih
AU  - Jung YC
FAU - Chuang, Chin-Luan
AU  - Chuang CL
FAU - Wu, Jiunn-Jong
AU  - Wu JJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (beta-Lactams)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (AmpC beta-lactamases)
RN  - EC 3.5.2.6 (beta-Lactamases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - *Bacterial Proteins
MH  - Conjugation, Genetic
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Enzyme Induction
MH  - Female
MH  - *Hospitals, University
MH  - Humans
MH  - Klebsiella Infections/*epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects/*enzymology/isolation & purification
MH  - Male
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Ribotyping
MH  - Taiwan/epidemiology
MH  - beta-Lactamases/*metabolism
MH  - beta-Lactams
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3121-6.

PMID- 12202542
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Hepatitis C virus genotyping: interrogation of the 5' untranslated region
      cannot accurately distinguish genotypes 1a and 1b.
PG  - 3127-34
AB  - Although the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) is the most conserved region
      of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome, it has been suggested that
      interrogation of this region is sufficient for determination of the HCV
      genotype. We compared two methods of determination of the HCV genotype:
      (i) direct sequencing of the DNA of the NS-5b region and (ii) reverse line
      probe assay (LiPA; INNO-LiPA HCV II; Innogenetics N.V.) of the 5' UTR.
      There was 100% concordance between the two methods for genotype but only
      80% concordance for subtype. A significant percentage of genotype 1a
      isolates were misclassified by LiPA as genotype 1b. Sequence analysis
      revealed that the only consistent difference in the 5' UTR for these
      genotype 1a isolates misclassified as genotype 1b was a single nucleotide
      (A/G) at position -99 of the HCV genome. All isolates with discordant
      results analyzed had a G at this position, consistent with LiPA
      determination of these samples as subtype 1b. However, sequence analysis
      of 222 nucleotides in the NS-5b region clearly identified all of these
      isolates as subtype 1a. Population distribution data from the University
      of Pittsburgh Medical Center of over 200 samples analyzed by sequencing of
      the NS-5b region and over 1,000 samples analyzed by LiPA also indicated
      that INNO-LiPA HCV II cannot accurately differentiate HCV genotype 1a
      isolates from HCV genotype 1b isolates. We provide evidence that the A/G
      at position -99 represents a sequence polymorphism in the HCV genome that
      cannot differentiate subtype 1a from subtype 1b isolates. In conclusion,
      the 5' UTR is not heterogeneous enough for use in determination of the HCV
      subtype and cannot be used for differentiation of HCV genotypes 1a and 1b.
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
      Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
FAU - Chen, Zhenyu
AU  - Chen Z
FAU - Weck, Karen E
AU  - Weck KE
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
RN  - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5' Untranslated Regions/*genetics
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - DNA, Viral/analysis
MH  - Diagnostic Errors
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Hepacivirus/*classification/genetics
MH  - Hepatitis C/diagnosis/*virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization/*methods
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods
MH  - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3127-34.

PMID- 12202543
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Replacement of Candida albicans with C. dubliniensis in human
      immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis
      treated with fluconazole.
PG  - 3135-9
AB  - Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic yeast that has been increasingly
      implicated in oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in human immunodeficiency
      virus (HIV)-infected patients but may be underreported due to its
      similarity with Candida albicans. Although most C. dubliniensis isolates
      are susceptible to fluconazole, the inducibility of azole resistance in
      vitro has been reported. Thus, the use of fluconazole prophylaxis in the
      treatment of these patients may have contributed to the increasing rates
      of isolation of C. dubliniensis. In this study, yeast strains were
      collected from the oral cavities of HIV-infected patients enrolled in a
      longitudinal study of OPC. Patients received fluconazole for the
      suppression or treatment of OPC, and isolates collected at both study
      entry and end of study were chosen for analysis. Samples were plated on
      CHROMagar Candida medium for initial isolation and further identified by
      Southern blot analysis with the species-specific probes Ca3 (for C.
      albicans) and Cd25 (for C. dubliniensis). Fluconazole MICs were determined
      by using NCCLS methods. At study entry, susceptible C. albicans isolates
      were recovered from oral samples in 42 patients who were followed
      longitudinally (1 to 36 months). C. albicans strains from 12 of these
      patients developed fluconazole resistance (fluconazole MIC, >/=64 micro
      g/ml). C. dubliniensis was not detected at end of study in any of these
      patients. Of the remaining 30 patients, eight (27%) demonstrated a
      replacement of C. albicans by C. dubliniensis when a comparison of
      isolates obtained at baseline and those from the last culture was done.
      For the 22 of these 30 patients in whom no switch in species was detected,
      the fluconazole MICs for initial and end-of-study C. albicans isolates
      ranged from 0.125 to 2.0 micro g/ml. For the eight patients in whom a
      switch to C. dubliniensis was detected, the fluconazole MICs for C.
      dubliniensis isolates at end of study ranged from 0.25 to 64 micro g/ml:
      the fluconazole MICs for isolates from six patients were 0.25 to 2.0 micro
      g/ml and those for the other two were 32 and 64 micro g/ml, respectively.
      In conclusion, a considerable number of patients initially infected with
      C. albicans strains that failed to develop fluconazole resistance
      demonstrated a switch to C. dubliniensis. C. dubliniensis in this setting
      may be underestimated due to lack of identification and may occur due to
      the impact of fluconazole on the ecology of oral yeast species.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The University of
      Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 78245, USA.
FAU - Martinez, Marcos
AU  - Martinez M
FAU - Lopez-Ribot, Jose L
AU  - Lopez-Ribot JL
FAU - Kirkpatrick, William R
AU  - Kirkpatrick WR
FAU - Coco, Brent J
AU  - Coco BJ
FAU - Bachmann, Stefano P
AU  - Bachmann SP
FAU - Patterson, Thomas F
AU  - Patterson TF
LA  - eng
GR  - 5 R01 DE11381-04A2/DE/NIDCR
GR  - M01-RR-01346/RR/NCRR
GR  - R29 AI42401/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 86386-73-4 (Fluconazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology
MH  - Antifungal Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Candida/*classification/drug effects/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Candida albicans/*classification/drug effects/genetics/isolation &
      purification
MH  - Candidiasis, Oral/*drug therapy/microbiology
MH  - DNA Fingerprinting
MH  - Drug Resistance, Fungal
MH  - Fluconazole/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - HIV Infections/complications
MH  - Humans
MH  - Karyotyping/methods
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Mycological Typing Techniques
MH  - Oropharynx/microbiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3135-9.

PMID- 12202544
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Weak association between SEN virus viremia and liver disease.
PG  - 3140-5
AB  - Recently, a novel DNA virus designated SEN virus (SEN-V), which is thought
      to be related to posttransfusion hepatitis, was discovered. The aim of the
      present study was to clarify the relationship between SEN-V infection and
      the development of liver disease. We examined SEN-V from the sera of 21
      patients with non-B, non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 13 patients
      with non-B, non-C chronic liver disease (CLD) without HCC who were
      admitted to our hospital between 1995 and 1997. Thirty-two patients
      without liver disease served as controls and were also examined for SEN-V.
      SEN-V DNA was detected by the nested PCR method after extraction of DNA
      from serum. SEN-V DNA was detected in 74% (25 of 34) of patients with CLD
      with or without HCC who were negative for both hepatitis B virus surface
      antigen and anti-hepatitis C virus antibody. SEN-V DNA was detected in 69%
      (9 of 13) of CLD patients without HCC and in 76% (16 of 21) of HCC
      patients. The prevalence of SEN-V was no higher in patients with liver
      disease than in patients without liver disease (24 of 32; 75%). There were
      no significant differences in age, sex, liver function, history of blood
      transfusion, or amount of alcohol intake between SEN-V-positive and
      SEN-V-negative CLD and HCC patients. Genetic analysis suggested that SEN-V
      is closely related to the TT virus family. SEN-V was detected at almost
      the same frequency in patients with and without liver disease. SEN-V does
      not seem to contribute either to the pathogenesis of liver disease or to
      the development of HCC from chronic liver disease.
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of
      Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ch2h-ysd@asahi-net.or.jp
FAU - Yoshida, Hideo
AU  - Yoshida H
FAU - Kato, Naoya
AU  - Kato N
FAU - Shiratori, Yasushi
AU  - Shiratori Y
FAU - Shao, Runxuan
AU  - Shao R
FAU - Wang, Yue
AU  - Wang Y
FAU - Shiina, Shuichiro
AU  - Shiina S
FAU - Omata, Masao
AU  - Omata M
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AB059353
SI  - GENBANK/AB059532
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*epidemiology/virology
MH  - DNA Virus Infections/*epidemiology/virology
MH  - DNA Viruses/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - DNA, Viral/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatitis, Viral, Human/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Liver Diseases/*epidemiology/virology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Viremia/*epidemiology/virology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3140-5.

PMID- 12202545
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Cavitary pneumonia in an AIDS patient caused by an unusual Bordetella
      bronchiseptica variant producing reduced amounts of pertactin and other
      major antigens.
PG  - 3146-54
AB  - Although Bordetella bronchiseptica can infect and colonize
      immunocompromised humans, its role as a primary pathogen in pneumonia and
      other respiratory processes affecting those patients remains
      controversial. A case of cavitary pneumonia caused by B. bronchiseptica in
      an AIDS patient is presented, and the basis of the seemingly enhanced
      pathogenic potential of this isolate (designated 814) is investigated. B.
      bronchiseptica was the only microorganism recovered from sputum,
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and samples taken through the protected
      brush catheter. Unlike previous work reporting the involvement of B.
      bronchiseptica in cases of pneumonia, antibiotic treatment selected on the
      basis of in vitro antibacterial activity resulted in clearance of the
      infection and resolution of the pulmonary infiltrate. Although isolate 814
      produced reduced amounts of several major antigens including at least one
      Bvg-activated factor (pertactin), the molecular basis of this deficiency
      was found to be BvgAS independent since the defect persisted after the
      bvgAS locus of isolate 814 was replaced with a wild-type bvgAS allele.
      Despite its prominent phenotype, isolate 814 displayed only a modest yet a
      significant deficiency in its ability to colonize the respiratory tracts
      of immunocompetent rats at an early time point. Interestingly, the
      antibody response elicited by isolate 814 in these animals was almost
      undetectable. We propose that isolate 814 may be more virulent in
      immunocompromised patients due, at least in part, to its innate ability to
      produce low amounts of immunogenic factors which may be required at only
      normal levels for the interaction of this pathogen with its
      immunocompetent natural hosts.
AD  - Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad de Navarra,
      31080 Pamplona, Spain.
FAU - Lorenzo-Pajuelo, Benito
AU  - Lorenzo-Pajuelo B
FAU - Villanueva, Jose Luis
AU  - Villanueva JL
FAU - Rodriguez-Cuesta, Juan
AU  - Rodriguez-Cuesta J
FAU - Vergara-Irigaray, Nuria
AU  - Vergara-Irigaray N
FAU - Bernabeu-Wittel, Maximo
AU  - Bernabeu-Wittel M
FAU - Garcia-Curiel, Andres
AU  - Garcia-Curiel A
FAU - Martinez de Tejada, Guillermo
AU  - Martinez de Tejada G
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Virulence Factors, Bordetella)
RN  - 0 (pertactin)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic
      Infections/*microbiology/physiopathology/radiography
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Bordetella Infections/*microbiology/physiopathology/radiography
MH  - Bordetella bronchiseptica/classification/genetics/*isolation &
      purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Pneumonia, Bacterial/*microbiology/physiopathology/radiography
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Variation (Genetics)
MH  - Virulence
MH  - Virulence Factors, Bordetella/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3146-54.

PMID- 12202546
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in urine specimens from human
      immunodeficiency virus-positive women.
PG  - 3155-61
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women may represent one of the
      fastest-growing populations at risk for acquiring cervical cancer and thus
      require frequent screening. The purpose of the present studies was to
      validate a PCR-based urine assay by comparing detection and genotyping of
      human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in urine samples and matching cervical swab
      specimens of HIV-positive women. Despite a difference in amplifiability,
      the prevalence of any HPV genotype (58% for the cervical swab specimens
      and 48% for the urine specimens) was not significantly different in this
      population. The levels of concordance were 70, 71, and 78% for detection
      of any HPV type, any high-risk HPV type, or any low-risk HPV type in the
      two specimen types, respectively. While instances of discordant detection
      were greater for the cervical swab specimens than for the urine specimens,
      this was not statistically significant. The distributions of HPV genotypes
      were similar in the cervix and the urine for the majority of types
      examined. Importantly, detection of HPV DNA in urine was associated with
      an abnormal Papanicolaou smear to the same extent that detection of HPV
      DNA in a cervical swab specimen was. These data provide preliminary
      support for the proposal to use urine testing as a primary or secondary
      screening tool for cervical cancer in HIV-positive women or as an
      epidemiological tool. Additional studies with larger sample sizes must be
      conducted in order to further verify these findings.
AD  - Department of Microbiology. Department of Medicine, Louisiana State
      University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2822, USA.
      jbrink@lsuhsc.edu
FAU - Brinkman, Joeli A
AU  - Brinkman JA
FAU - Jones, W Elizabeth
AU  - Jones WE
FAU - Gaffga, Ann M
AU  - Gaffga AM
FAU - Sanders, Jonathan A
AU  - Sanders JA
FAU - Chaturvedi, Anil K
AU  - Chaturvedi AK
FAU - Slavinsky III, Joseph
AU  - Slavinsky III J
FAU - Clayton, John L
AU  - Clayton JL
FAU - Dumestre, Jeanne
AU  - Dumestre J
FAU - Hagensee, Michael E
AU  - Hagensee ME
LA  - eng
GR  - CA86378-01/CA/NCI
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
MH  - Cervix Neoplasms/virology
MH  - Cervix Uteri/virology
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - DNA, Viral/*urine
MH  - Female
MH  - *HIV Seropositivity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Papillomavirus, Human/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Papovaviridae Infections/*virology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Specimen Handling
MH  - Tumor Virus Infections/*virology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3155-61.

PMID- 12202547
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Reactive nitrogen intermediates have a bacteriostatic effect on
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro.
PG  - 3162-6
AB  - Susceptibility of six isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CB3.3,
      CDC1551, RJ2E, C.C.13, H37Rv, and H37Ra) and two isolates of Mycobacterium
      bovis (Ravenel and BCG) to reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and
      reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) was determined by standard in vitro
      survival assays. After 21 days of incubation, the survival of most strains
      exposed to either acidified sodium nitrite (ASN) or hydrogen peroxide
      (H(2)O(2)) was significantly lower than the same strains unexposed to
      these RNI or ROI products. However, after 50 days of incubation, these
      differences in susceptibility became less apparent for strains exposed to
      ASN but not for strains exposed to H(2)O(2). The recovery of these strains
      after exposure to RNI suggests that the effect of RNI on M. tuberculosis
      is bacteriostatic. The in vitro concentrations of ROI and RNI used in
      these assays were higher than those expected in vivo. These observations
      suggest that, in vivo, RNI expression at physiologically achievable
      concentrations may keep M. tuberculosis from proliferating but that
      removal of RNI may allow the organisms to proliferate. Furthermore, the
      ability of some M. tuberculosis strains to cause rapidly progressive
      disease may relate to their intrinsic levels of RNI and ROI resistance.
AD  - School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of
      California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
FAU - Firmani, Marcia A
AU  - Firmani MA
FAU - Riley, Lee W
AU  - Riley LW
LA  - eng
GR  - F31 DA05874/DA/NIDA
GR  - HL51967/HL/NHLBI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Reactive Nitrogen Species)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 7632-00-0 (Sodium Nitrite)
RN  - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Reactive Nitrogen Species/*pharmacology
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sodium Nitrite/*pharmacology
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3162-6.

PMID- 12202548
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Detection of simian immunodeficiency virus in diverse species and of human
      immunodeficiency virus Type 2 by using consensus primers within the pol
      region.
PG  - 3167-71
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) is the result of cross-species
      transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from sooty mangabey
      monkeys to humans. Primer pairs (intHIV-2/SIV) based on a region of
      integrase that has considerable homology across HIV-2 and SIV lineages
      were designed to develop a broadly cross-reactive molecular assay to
      detect lentivirus infection in primates. The intHIV-2/SIV primers detect
      HIV-2 and simian viruses SIVcpz, SIVsmm, SIVsyk, SIVagm, and SIVmnd. The
      primers are also capable of amplifying some HIV-1 strains. Additionally,
      sequences from the integrase amplicons were of sufficient genetic
      diversity to permit not only phylogenetic clustering of all simian viruses
      to their respective lineages but also HIV type and group classification.
      Thus, the primers described here provide a method to detect primate
      lentiviruses from diverse species of nonhuman primates, as well as from
      persons infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2.
AD  - HIV Immunology and Diagnostics Branch, Division of AIDS, Sexually
      Transmitted Diseases, and Tuberculosis Laboratory Research, National
      Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and
      Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
FAU - Masciotra, Silvina
AU  - Masciotra S
FAU - Yang, Chunfu
AU  - Yang C
FAU - Pieniazek, Danuta
AU  - Pieniazek D
FAU - Thomas, Chanda
AU  - Thomas C
FAU - Owen, Sherry M
AU  - Owen SM
FAU - McClure, Harold M
AU  - McClure HM
FAU - Lal, Renu B
AU  - Lal RB
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF395546
SI  - GENBANK/AF395547
SI  - GENBANK/AF395548
SI  - GENBANK/AF395549
SI  - GENBANK/AF395550
SI  - GENBANK/AF395551
SI  - GENBANK/AF395552
SI  - GENBANK/AF395553
SI  - GENBANK/AF395554
SI  - GENBANK/AF395555
SI  - GENBANK/AF395556
SI  - GENBANK/AF395557
SI  - GENBANK/AF395558
SI  - GENBANK/AF395559
SI  - GENBANK/AF395560
SI  - GENBANK/AF395561
SI  - GENBANK/AF395562
SI  - GENBANK/AF395563
SI  - GENBANK/AF395564
SI  - GENBANK/AF395565
SI  - GENBANK/AF395566
SI  - GENBANK/AF395567
SI  - GENBANK/AF395568
SI  - GENBANK/AF395569
SI  - GENBANK/AF395570
SI  - GENBANK/AF395571
GR  - RR0016/RR/NCRR
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, pol)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (HIV Integrase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cercopithecinae
MH  - DNA Primers
MH  - DNA, Viral/analysis
MH  - Gene Products, pol/*genetics
MH  - HIV Infections/virology
MH  - HIV Integrase/genetics
MH  - HIV-1/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - HIV-2/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Monkey Diseases/virology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - SIV/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/virology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3167-71.

PMID- 12202549
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - groESL sequence determination, phylogenetic analysis, and species
      differentiation for viridans group streptococci.
PG  - 3172-8
AB  - The full-length sequences of the groESL genes (also known as cpn10/60) of
      Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus
      gordonii, and Streptococcus sanguis and the near full-length sequence of
      the groESL genes of Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus bovis,
      Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and
      Streptococcus salivarius were determined. The lengths of the groES genes
      from the 10 species listed above ranged from 282 to 288 bp, and the
      full-length sequences of groEL determined for 4 species (S. anginosus, S.
      constellatus, S. gordonii, and S. sanguis) revealed that each was 1,623
      bp. The intergenic region (spacer) between the groES and groEL genes
      varies in size (15 to 111 bp) and sequence between species. The variation
      of the groES sequences among the species tested was greater (62.1 to 95.1%
      nucleotide sequence identities) than that of the groEL sequences (77.2 to
      95.2% nucleotide sequence identities). Phylogenetic analysis of the groES
      and groEL genes yielded evolutionary trees similar to the tree constructed
      by use of the 16S rRNA gene. The intraspecies variation of the spacer was
      minimal for clinical isolates of some species. The groESL sequence data
      provide an additional parameter for identification of viridans group
      streptococcal species.
AD  - School of Medical Technology Department of Laboratory Medicine, National
      Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. ljteng@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
FAU - Teng, Lee-Jene
AU  - Teng LJ
FAU - Hsueh, Po-Ren
AU  - Hsueh PR
FAU - Tsai, Jui-Chang
AU  - Tsai JC
FAU - Chen, Pin-Wun
AU  - Chen PW
FAU - Hsu, Jia-Chuan
AU  - Hsu JC
FAU - Lai, Hsin-Chih
AU  - Lai HC
FAU - Lee, Chun-Nan
AU  - Lee CN
FAU - Ho, Shen-Wu
AU  - Ho SW
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Chaperonins)
RN  - 0 (GroESL protein, Bacteria)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chaperonins/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Streptococcal Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Streptococcus/*classification/genetics
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3172-8.

PMID- 12202550
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Development and evaluation of rapid urinary antigen detection tests for
      diagnosis of penicilliosis marneffei.
PG  - 3179-83
AB  - Penicilliosis, caused by the dimorphic fungus Penicillium marneffei, is an
      important opportunistic systemic fungal infection affecting
      immunocompromised individuals living in areas where penicilliosis is
      endemic. We have demonstrated previously that a urinary enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with purified rabbit polyclonal antibody
      against killed whole-fission-form arthroconidia of P. marneffei was
      specific and highly sensitive for the diagnosis of penicilliosis. In this
      study, a dot blot ELISA and a latex agglutination (LA) test were developed
      with the same polyclonal antibody and compared with the ELISA for the
      detection of P. marneffei urinary antigen. Urine specimens from 37
      patients with culture-proven penicilliosis and 300 controls (52 healthy
      subjects and 248 hospitalized patients without penicilliosis) were tested.
      Antigen was detected in urine from all 37 (100%) penicilliosis patients by
      the LA test, 35 (94.6%) penicilliosis patients by the dot blot ELISA, and
      36 (97.3%) penicilliosis patients by the ELISA. False-positive results
      were found by the three assays for 2 (0.7%), 8 (2.7%), and 6 (2%) of 300
      controls, respectively. The overall sensitivities of the diagnostic tests
      were as follows: dot blot ELISA, 94.6%; ELISA, 97.3%; and LA test, 100%
      (specificities, 97.3, 98, and 99.3%, respectively). The LA test is simple,
      robust, rapid, and convenient and should prove to be an important addition
      to the existing diagnostic tests for penicilliosis.
AD  - Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Department of Clinical
      Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Tropical
      Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
FAU - Desakorn, Varunee
AU  - Desakorn V
FAU - Simpson, Andrew J H
AU  - Simpson AJ
FAU - Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn
AU  - Wuthiekanun V
FAU - Sahassananda, Duangjai
AU  - Sahassananda D
FAU - Rajanuwong, Adul
AU  - Rajanuwong A
FAU - Pitisuttithum, Punnee
AU  - Pitisuttithum P
FAU - Howe, Paul A
AU  - Howe PA
FAU - Smith, Michael D
AU  - Smith MD
FAU - White, Nicholas J
AU  - White NJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Fungal)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/*diagnosis/microbiology
MH  - Antigens, Fungal/*urine
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Latex Fixation Tests
MH  - Mycoses/*diagnosis/microbiology
MH  - Penicillium/*isolation & purification
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3179-83.

PMID- 12202551
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Molecular characterization of multiresistant d-tartrate-positive
      Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi B isolates.
PG  - 3184-91
AB  - Since 1996, the National Salmonella Reference Laboratory of Germany has
      received an increasing number of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
      serovar Paratyphi B isolates. Nearly all of these belonged to the
      dextrorotatory tartrate-positive variant (S. enterica subsp. enterica
      serovar Paratyphi B dT(+)), formerly called S. enterica subsp. enterica
      serovar Java. A total of 55 selected contemporary and older S. enterica
      subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT(+) isolates were analyzed by
      plasmid profiling, antimicrobial resistance testing, pulsed-field gel
      electrophoresis, IS200 profiling, and PCR-based detection of integrons.
      The results showed a high genetic heterogeneity among 10 old strains
      obtained from 1960 to 1993. In the following years, however, new distinct
      multiresistant S. enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B dT(+)
      clones emerged, and one clonal lineage successfully displaced the older
      ones. Since 1994, 88% of the isolates investigated were multiple drug
      resistant. Today, a particular clone predominates in some German poultry
      production lines, poultry products, and various other sources. It was also
      detected in contemporary isolates from two neighboring countries as well.
AD  - National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Federal Institute for Health
      Protection of Consumers and Veterinary Medicine, 12277 Berlin, Germany.
FAU - Miko, Angelika
AU  - Miko A
FAU - Guerra, Beatriz
AU  - Guerra B
FAU - Schroeter, Andreas
AU  - Schroeter A
FAU - Dorn, Christina
AU  - Dorn C
FAU - Helmuth, Reiner
AU  - Helmuth R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Tartrates)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Integrases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - *Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - DNA Transposable Elements
MH  - *Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - Germany
MH  - Integrases/genetics
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Poultry
MH  - Poultry Diseases/microbiology
MH  - Poultry Products/microbiology
MH  - Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology
MH  - Salmonella enterica/*classification/drug effects/*genetics/isolation &
      purification
MH  - Serotyping
MH  - Tartrates/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3184-91.

PMID- 12202552
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Identification of Anaplasma phagocytophila (formerly Ehrlichia
      phagocytophila) variants in blood from sheep in Norway.
PG  - 3192-7
AB  - A total of 41 blood samples were collected from 40 Anaplasma
      phagocytophila-infected sheep in 11 sheep flocks from four different
      counties of southern Norway. The presence and nature of the Anaplasma
      species were identified by microscopic detection of morulae, PCR, reverse
      line blot hybridization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A. phagocytophila
      was identified in all of the samples, and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene
      revealed the presence of four variants of A. phagocytophila. Two of these
      variants have been described before, but two were newly identified 16S
      rRNA variants of this species. A. phagocytophila variant 1 was found in
      nine flocks, A. phagocytophila variant 2 was found in four flocks, the A.
      phagocytophila prototype was found in two flocks, and A. phagocytophila
      variant 5 was found in one flock. In two flocks, some sheep were infected
      with A. phagocytophila variant 1, whereas others were infected with A.
      phagocytophila variant 2, and in three animals a double infection with two
      variants was registered. Analyses of the blood samples revealed that blood
      from sheep infected with A. phagocytophila variant 2 contained nearly
      twice as many neutrophils and eight times as many Anaplasma-infected
      neutrophils as blood from sheep infected with the A. phagocytophila
      variant 1. Furthermore, only 43% of the A. phagocytophila variant
      2-infected sheep displayed antibody responses in an immune fluorescence
      assay, whereas 93% of the sheep with the A. phagocytophila variant
      1-infected sheep were seropositive.
AD  - Department of Sheep and Goat Research, Norwegian School of Veterinary
      Science, Sandnes, Norway. snoore.Stuen@veths.no
FAU - Stuen, Snorre
AU  - Stuen S
FAU - Van De Pol, Ingrid
AU  - Van De Pol I
FAU - Bergstrom, Karin
AU  - Bergstrom K
FAU - Schouls, Leo M
AU  - Schouls LM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaplasma/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Anaplasmosis/*microbiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blood/*microbiology
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Norway
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sheep
MH  - Sheep Diseases/*microbiology
MH  - *Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3192-7.

PMID- 12202553
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparison of rapid, automated ribotyping and DNA macrorestriction
      analysis of Burkholderia pseudomallei.
PG  - 3198-203
AB  - An automated ribotyping device (RiboPrinter) was used to determine the
      ribotypes of a collection of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. In a
      preliminary evaluation with the restriction enzymes BamHI and EcoRI, the
      protocol with EcoRI was more discriminating. The reproducibilities of the
      ribotypes obtained with EcoRI (EcoRI ribotypes) were determined by testing
      three levels of bacterial loads. The performance of the manufacturer's
      software was assessed by comparing the machine-optimized ribotypes with
      the type determined from the original gel image analyzed with Bionumerics
      software. The library of B. pseudomallei EcoRI ribotypes was then compared
      with the ribotypes obtained by DNA macrorestriction analysis of XbaI
      digests by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The typeability of B.
      pseudomallei by EcoRI ribotyping was 100%, and the discrimination index
      was 0.94. The slightly greater discrimination provided by DNA
      macrorestriction analysis (0.96) was achieved at the expense of a
      significantly longer processing time of 6 days, although the method was
      only half the cost of automated ribotyping. Typeability by
      macrorestriction analysis was lower (97%) unless a thiourea step was added
      to neutralize the action of Tris-dependent endonucleases. The digital
      record of B. pseudomallei isolates analyzed thus far provides a useful
      resource for future epidemiological studies and will help shorten the
      response time in the event of a further melioidosis outbreak or the
      deliberate release of B. pseudomallei as a biohazard.
AD  - Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Western Australian
      Centre for Pathology, Nedlands, Australia. tim.inglis@health.wa.gov.au
FAU - Inglis, Timothy J J
AU  - Inglis TJ
FAU - O'Reilly, Lyn
AU  - O'Reilly L
FAU - Foster, Niki
AU  - Foster N
FAU - Clair, Adele
AU  - Clair A
FAU - Sampson, Judy
AU  - Sampson J
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (Deoxyribonuclease BamHI)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI)
SB  - IM
MH  - Automation
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Burkholderia pseudomallei/*classification/genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Deoxyribonuclease BamHI
MH  - Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - Humans
MH  - Melioidosis/*microbiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Restriction Mapping/*methods
MH  - *Ribotyping
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3198-203.

PMID- 12202554
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Testing conditions for determination of minimum fungicidal concentrations
      of new and established antifungal agents for Aspergillus spp.: NCCLS
      collaborative study.
PG  - 3204-8
AB  - Standard conditions are not available for evaluating the minimum
      fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of antifungal agents. This multicenter
      collaborative study investigated the reproducibility in three laboratories
      of itraconazole, posaconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, and
      amphotericin B MFCs for 15 selected isolates of Aspergillus spp. After MIC
      determinations for the 15 isolates in each center by the NCCLS M38-A broth
      microdilution method with four media, standard RPMI 1640 (RPMI), RPMI with
      2% dextrose, antibiotic medium 3 (M3), and M3 with 2% dextrose, MFCs were
      determined for each isolate-medium-drug combination. MFCs were defined as
      the lowest drug dilutions that yielded <3 colonies (approximately 99 to
      99.5% killing activity). The highest reproducibility (96 to 100%) was for
      amphotericin B MFCs with the four media. Although reproducibility was more
      variable and medium dependent for the azoles (91 to 98%), agreement was
      good to excellent for itraconazole, ravuconazole, and voriconazole MFCs
      with RPMI and M3 (93 to 98%). For posaconazole, the agreement was higher
      with M3 media (91 to 96%) than with RPMI media (91%). These data extend
      the refinement of testing guidelines for susceptibility testing of
      Aspergillus spp. and warrant consideration for introduction into future
      versions of the M38 document. The role of the MFC under these standardized
      testing conditions as a predictor of clinical outcome needs to be
      established in clinical trials.
AD  - Medical College of Virginia Campus of Virginia Commonwealth University,
      Richmond, Virginia 23298-0049, USA. avingrof@hsc.vcu.edu
FAU - Espinel-Ingroff, A
AU  - Espinel-Ingroff A
FAU - Fothergill, A
AU  - Fothergill A
FAU - Peter, J
AU  - Peter J
FAU - Rinaldi, M G
AU  - Rinaldi MG
FAU - Walsh, T J
AU  - Walsh TJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Aspergillus/*classification/*drug effects
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Drug Resistance, Fungal
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods/*standards
MH  - Reference Standards
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3204-8.

PMID- 12202555
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Polyphyletic strains of hepatitis E virus are responsible for sporadic
      cases of acute hepatitis in Japan.
PG  - 3209-18
AB  - Among 87 patients who were previously treated for acute hepatitis of
      unknown etiology between 1992 and 2001 at five hospitals in Japan, 11
      (13%) patients were positive for immunoglobulin M-class antibodies to
      hepatitis E virus (HEV) by enzyme immunoassay and had detectable HEV RNA
      by reverse transcription-PCR with two independent sets of primers derived
      from well-conserved genomic areas in open reading frames 1 and 2. Clinical
      HEV infection was significantly associated with male sex (9 of 11 versus
      29 of 76 patients [P < 0.01]) and older age (52 +/- 11 [mean +/- standard
      deviation] versus 41 +/- 17 years [P < 0.05]), and its prevalence differed
      by geographic region (6 to 25%), with a higher rate in the northern part
      of Japan. At admission, the 11 patients with HEV-associated hepatitis had
      elevated alanine aminotransferase levels of 914 to 4,850 IU/liter, and all
      but 1 had elevated bilirubin levels of 1.5 to 24.0 mg/dl. The 11 HEV
      isolates were of genotype III or IV and were segregated into three groups
      with intergroup nucleotide differences of 9.5 to 22.0%. Phylogenetic
      analysis revealed that four isolates of genotype III were closely related
      to a Japanese isolate, while the other four isolates of the same genotype
      were nearest those from the United States. The remaining three isolates
      were close to known isolates of genotype IV in China and Taiwan but shared
      less than 88% identity with them. These results indicate that multiple
      genotypes of HEV cocirculate in Japan and contribute to the development of
      sporadic acute hepatitis, with the prevalence differing by age, sex, and
      geographic region.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Kin-ikyo Chuo Hospital, Hokkaido
      007-0870, Japan.
FAU - Mizuo, Hitoshi
AU  - Mizuo H
FAU - Suzuki, Kazuyuki
AU  - Suzuki K
FAU - Takikawa, Yasuhiro
AU  - Takikawa Y
FAU - Sugai, Yoshiki
AU  - Sugai Y
FAU - Tokita, Hajime
AU  - Tokita H
FAU - Akahane, Yoshihiro
AU  - Akahane Y
FAU - Itoh, Keiichi
AU  - Itoh K
FAU - Gotanda, Yuhko
AU  - Gotanda Y
FAU - Takahashi, Masaharu
AU  - Takahashi M
FAU - Nishizawa, Tsutomu
AU  - Nishizawa T
FAU - Okamoto, Hiroaki
AU  - Okamoto H
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AB082545
SI  - GENBANK/AB082546
SI  - GENBANK/AB082547
SI  - GENBANK/AB082548
SI  - GENBANK/AB082549
SI  - GENBANK/AB082550
SI  - GENBANK/AB082551
SI  - GENBANK/AB082552
SI  - GENBANK/AB082553
SI  - GENBANK/AB082554
SI  - GENBANK/AB082555
SI  - GENBANK/AB082556
SI  - GENBANK/AB082557
SI  - GENBANK/AB082558
SI  - GENBANK/AB082559
SI  - GENBANK/AB082560
SI  - GENBANK/AB082561
SI  - GENBANK/AB082562
SI  - GENBANK/AB082563
SI  - GENBANK/AB082564
SI  - GENBANK/AB082565
SI  - GENBANK/AB082566
SI  - GENBANK/AB082567
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - DNA, Viral/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatitis Antibodies/blood
MH  - Hepatitis E/*epidemiology/*virology
MH  - Hepatitis E virus/*classification/genetics/*immunology/isolation &
      purification
MH  - Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/blood
MH  - Japan/epidemiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - RNA, Viral/blood
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - *Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3209-18.

PMID- 12202556
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparison of C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine and standard
      N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH processing of respiratory specimens for
      increasing tuberculosis smear sensitivity in Brazil.
PG  - 3219-22
AB  - Techniques to improve the sensitivity of smear microscopy would facilitate
      early tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and disease control, especially in
      low-income countries where the positive predictive value is high.
      C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine (CB-18) is a zwitterionic detergent that helps
      to compensate for the innate buoyancy of mycobacteria, potentially
      enhancing recovery by centrifugation. Previous data suggest that CB-18 may
      increase the sensitivity of smear, culture, and molecular amplification
      diagnostic testing. The goal of the present study was to evaluate if the
      sensitivity of the smear technique using light microscopy could be
      improved by treating respiratory samples with CB-18. In the first phase,
      respiratory specimens were collected consecutively from patients with
      suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary-care hospital in Rio de
      Janeiro, Brazil (236 specimens were analyzed). After protocol
      modifications, another 120 respiratory specimens were evaluated. The
      standard technique was N-acetyl-L-cysteine with sodium hydroxide
      (NALC-NaOH) treatment, smear concentration with centrifugation, and
      Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Culture on Lowenstein-Jensen slants was performed
      on all specimens for use as the "gold standard." No specimens from
      patients undergoing active TB treatment were included. The initial
      protocol for CB-18 processing resulted in a sensitivity of 59.6% and
      specificity of 96.8% compared to standard processing with a sensitivity of
      66.0% and specificity of 96.8%. Using the modified protocol, the
      sensitivity of CB-18 increased to 71.4% with a specificity of 97.0% versus
      standard processing with a sensitivity of 61.9% and a specificity of
      99.0%. The diagnostic yield of acid-fast bacillus smear with CB-18 in the
      absence of fluorescence microscopy and PCR compared to standard processing
      with NALC-NaOH was not significantly different, although the power to
      detect a difference by the modified assay was low.
AD  - Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore,
      Maryland, USA.
FAU - Scott, Cherise P
AU  - Scott CP
FAU - Dos Anjos Filho, Luciano
AU  - Dos Anjos Filho L
FAU - De Queiroz Mello, Fernanda Carvalho
AU  - De Queiroz Mello FC
FAU - Thornton, Charles G
AU  - Thornton CG
FAU - Bishai, William R
AU  - Bishai WR
FAU - Fonseca, Leila S
AU  - Fonseca LS
FAU - Kritski, AfrAnio L
AU  - Kritski AL
FAU - Chaisson, Richard E
AU  - Chaisson RE
FAU - Manabe, Yukari C
AU  - Manabe YC
LA  - eng
GR  - 2D43TW000010/TW/FIC
GR  - AI 45432/AI/NIAID
GR  - K24 AI 01637/AI/NIAID
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (C(18)-carboxypropylbetaine)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 107-43-7 (Betaine)
RN  - 1310-73-2 (Sodium Hydroxide)
RN  - 616-91-1 (Acetylcysteine)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Acetylcysteine
MH  - Bacteriological Techniques
MH  - *Betaine/*analogs & derivatives
MH  - Brazil
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolation & purification
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Sodium Hydroxide
MH  - Specimen Handling/*methods
MH  - Sputum/*microbiology
MH  - Staining and Labeling/methods
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*diagnosis/microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3219-22.

PMID- 12202557
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - PCR-based identification of bacteria associated with endodontic
      infections.
PG  - 3223-31
AB  - PCR primers that target the bacterial 16S rRNA genes (or the tuf gene for
      the genus Enterococcus) were used to identify 10 putative bacterial
      pathogens in root canals with necrotic pulp. In addition, the associations
      of these microorganisms with symptoms and a history of diabetes mellitus
      were investigated. Microbial samples from the root canals of 24 teeth with
      necrotic pulp were included in the study. PCR with universal bacterial
      primers identified bacterial DNA in 22 specimens; the remaining 2
      specimens were from intact teeth that had been traumatized 6 months prior
      to treatment. PCR with specific primers showed that preoperative symptoms
      were significantly associated with the presence of Streptococcus spp. (P <
      0.001 by chi-square analysis). There was also a nonsignificant trend for
      symptoms to be associated with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas
      gingivalis (odds ratio, >2) and for diabetes mellitus to be associated
      with P. gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis (odds ratio, >2).
      Cloning and sequencing of the universal PCR product in one specimen
      revealed the presence of an organism related to the genus Olsenella, which
      has not previously been described in endodontic infections.
AD  - Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of
      Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, U.S.A.
      fouad@nso.uchc.edu
FAU - Fouad, Ashraf F
AU  - Fouad AF
FAU - Barry, Jody
AU  - Barry J
FAU - Caimano, Melissa
AU  - Caimano M
FAU - Clawson, Michael
AU  - Clawson M
FAU - Zhu, Qiang
AU  - Zhu Q
FAU - Carver, Rachaele
AU  - Carver R
FAU - Hazlett, Karsten
AU  - Hazlett K
FAU - Radolf, Justin D
AU  - Radolf JD
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF426827
GR  - AI-26756/AI/NIAID
GR  - AI-29735/AI/NIAID
GR  - M01RR06192/RR/NCRR
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Bacterial Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Dental Pulp Cavity/*microbiology
MH  - Dental Pulp Necrosis/*microbiology
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus/microbiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Periapical Periodontitis/*microbiology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3223-31.

PMID- 12202558
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Sensitivity of three urinary antigen tests associated with clinical
      severity in a large outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in The Netherlands.
PG  - 3232-6
AB  - In 1999 an outbreak involving 188 patients with Legionnaires' disease (LD)
      occurred among visitors to a flower show in the Netherlands. Two enzyme
      immunoassays (Binax and Biotest) and one immunochromatographic assay
      (Binax NOW) were tested, using urine samples from LD patients from the
      1999 outbreak. Sensitivity was calculated using positive culture and/or
      seroconversion as the "gold standard" in outbreak-related patients with
      radiographically confirmed pneumonia who fulfilled the epidemiological
      critera. The Binax EIA, Biotest EIA, and Binax NOW assay showed overall
      sensitivities of 69, 71, and 72%, respectively. When the tests were
      performed with concentrated urine samples, the overall sensitivities
      increased to 79, 74, and 81%, respectively. Using multiple logistic
      regression analysis with backward elimination, a statistically significant
      association was found between clinical severity and test sensitivity for
      all tests. For patients with mild LD, the test sensitivities ranged from
      40 to 53%, whereas for patients with severe LD who needed immediate
      special medical care, the sensitivities reached 88 to 100%. These findings
      have major implications for the diagnostic process in patients with mild
      pneumonia and suggest that patients with mild pneumonia may go
      underdiagnosed if urine antigen tests alone are used.
AD  - Regional Laboratory of Public Health Haarlem, The Netherlands.
      e.yzerman@streeklabhaarlem.nl
FAU - Yzerman, Ed P F
AU  - Yzerman EP
FAU - den Boer, Jeroen W
AU  - den Boer JW
FAU - Lettinga, Kamilla D
AU  - Lettinga KD
FAU - Schellekens, Joop
AU  - Schellekens J
FAU - Dankert, Jacob
AU  - Dankert J
FAU - Peeters, Marcel
AU  - Peeters M
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antigens, Bacterial/*urine
MH  - Chromatography/methods
MH  - *Disease Outbreaks
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoenzyme Techniques
MH  - Legionella pneumophila/*isolation & purification
MH  - Legionnaires' Disease/diagnosis/*epidemiology/microbiology/physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Netherlands/epidemiology
MH  - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - *Severity of Illness Index
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3232-6.

PMID- 12202559
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Detection and genotyping of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum by real-time
      PCR and melting curve analysis.
PG  - 3237-44
AB  - Several real-time PCR procedures for the detection and genotyping of
      oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum were evaluated. A 40-cycle amplification
      of a 157-bp fragment from the C. parvum beta-tubulin gene detected
      individual oocysts which were introduced into the reaction mixture by
      micromanipulation. SYBR Green I melting curve analysis was used to confirm
      the specificity of the method when DNA extracted from fecal samples spiked
      with oocysts was analyzed. Because C. parvum isolates infecting humans
      comprise two distinct genotypes, designated type 1 and type 2, real-time
      PCR methods for discriminating C. parvum genotypes were developed. The
      first method used the same beta-tubulin amplification primers and two
      fluorescently labeled antisense oligonucleotide probes spanning a 49-bp
      polymorphic sequence diagnostic for C. parvum type 1 and type 2. The
      second genotyping method used SYBR Green I fluorescence and targeted a
      polymorphic coding region within the GP900/poly(T) gene. Both methods
      discriminated between type 1 and type 2 C. parvum on the basis of melting
      curve analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the
      application of melting curve analysis for genotyping of C. parvum oocysts.
AD  - Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, School of Medicine, Cukurova
      University, 01330 Adana, Turkey.
FAU - Tanriverdi, Sultan
AU  - Tanriverdi S
FAU - Tanyeli, Atila
AU  - Tanyeli A
FAU - Baslamisli, Fikri
AU  - Baslamisli F
FAU - Koksal, Fatih
AU  - Koksal F
FAU - Kilinc, Yurdanur
AU  - Kilinc Y
FAU - Feng, Xiaochuan
AU  - Feng X
FAU - Batzer, Glenda
AU  - Batzer G
FAU - Tzipori, Saul
AU  - Tzipori S
FAU - Widmer, Giovanni
AU  - Widmer G
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Tubulin)
RN  - 163795-75-3 (SYBR Green I)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cryptosporidiosis/*parasitology
MH  - Cryptosporidium parvum/*classification/genetics/growth &
      development/*isolation & purification
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Organic Chemicals
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - *Temperature
MH  - Tubulin/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3237-44.

PMID- 12202560
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Dichotomy of glycoprotein g gene in herpes simplex virus type 1 isolates.
PG  - 3245-51
AB  - Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes 11 envelope glycoproteins, of
      which glycoprotein G-1 (gG-1) induces a type-specific antibody response.
      Variability of the gG-1 gene among wild-type strains may be a factor of
      importance for a reliable serodiagnosis and typing of HSV-1 isolates.
      Here, we used a gG-1 type-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) to screen for
      mutations in the immunodominant region of this protein in 108 clinical
      HSV-1 isolates. Of these, 42 isolates showed no reactivity to the
      anti-gG-1 MAb. One hundred five strains were further examined by DNA
      sequencing of the middle part of the gG-1 gene, encompassing 106 amino
      acids including the immunodominant region and epitope of the anti-gG-1
      MAb. By phylogenetic comparisons based on the sequence data, we observed
      two (main) genetic variants of the gG-1 gene among the clinical isolates
      corresponding to reactivity or nonreactivity to the anti-gG-1 MAb.
      Furthermore, four strains appeared to be recombinants of the two gG-1
      variants. In addition, one strain displayed a gG-1-negative phenotype due
      to a frameshift mutation, in the form of insertion of a cytosine
      nucleotide. When immunoglobulin G reactivity to HSV-1 in sera from
      patients infected with either of the two variants was investigated, no
      significant differences were found between the two groups, either in a
      type-common enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or in a
      type-specific gG-1 antigen-based ELISA. Despite the here-documented
      existence of two variants of the gG-1 gene affecting the immunodominant
      region of the protein, other circumstances, such as early phase of
      infection, might be sought for explaining the seronegativity to gG-1
      commonly found in a proportion of the HSV-1-infected patients.
AD  - Department of Clinical Virology, Goteborg University, Goteborg, Sweden.
      elham.rekabdar@microbio.gu.se
FAU - Rekabdar, Elham
AU  - Rekabdar E
FAU - Tunback, Petra
AU  - Tunback P
FAU - Liljeqvist, Jan-Ake
AU  - Liljeqvist JA
FAU - Lindh, Magnus
AU  - Lindh M
FAU - Bergstrom, Tomas
AU  - Bergstrom T
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF513114
SI  - GENBANK/AF513115
SI  - GENBANK/AF513116
SI  - GENBANK/AF513117
SI  - GENBANK/AF513118
SI  - GENBANK/AF513119
SI  - GENBANK/AF513120
SI  - GENBANK/AF513121
SI  - GENBANK/AF513122
SI  - GENBANK/AF513123
SI  - GENBANK/AF513124
SI  - GENBANK/AF513125
SI  - GENBANK/AF513126
SI  - GENBANK/AF513127
SI  - GENBANK/AF513128
SI  - GENBANK/AF513129
SI  - GENBANK/AF513130
SI  - GENBANK/AF513131
SI  - GENBANK/AF513132
SI  - GENBANK/AF513133
SI  - GENBANK/AF513134
SI  - GENBANK/AF513135
SI  - GENBANK/AF513136
SI  - GENBANK/AF513137
SI  - GENBANK/AF513138
SI  - GENBANK/AF513139
SI  - GENBANK/AF513140
SI  - GENBANK/AF513141
SI  - GENBANK/AF513142
SI  - GENBANK/AF513143
SI  - GENBANK/AF513144
SI  - GENBANK/AF513145
SI  - GENBANK/AF513146
SI  - GENBANK/AF513147
SI  - GENBANK/AF513148
SI  - GENBANK/AF513149
SI  - GENBANK/AF513150
SI  - GENBANK/AF513151
SI  - GENBANK/AF513152
SI  - GENBANK/AF513153
SI  - GENBANK/AF513154
SI  - GENBANK/AF513155
SI  - GENBANK/AF513156
SI  - GENBANK/AF513157
SI  - GENBANK/AF513158
SI  - GENBANK/AF513159
SI  - GENBANK/AF513160
SI  - GENBANK/AF513161
SI  - GENBANK/AF513162
SI  - GENBANK/AF513163
SI  - GENBANK/AF513164
SI  - GENBANK/AF513165
SI  - GENBANK/AF513166
SI  - GENBANK/AF513167
SI  - GENBANK/AF513168
SI  - GENBANK/AF513169
SI  - GENBANK/AF513170
SI  - GENBANK/AF513171
SI  - GENBANK/AF513172
SI  - GENBANK/AF513173
SI  - GENBANK/AF513174
SI  - GENBANK/AF513175
SI  - GENBANK/AF513176
SI  - GENBANK/AF513177
SI  - GENBANK/AF513178
SI  - GENBANK/AF513179
SI  - GENBANK/AF513180
SI  - GENBANK/AF513181
SI  - GENBANK/AF513182
SI  - GENBANK/AF513183
SI  - GENBANK/AF513184
SI  - GENBANK/AF513185
SI  - GENBANK/AF513186
SI  - GENBANK/AF513187
SI  - GENBANK/AF513188
SI  - GENBANK/AF513189
SI  - GENBANK/AF513190
SI  - GENBANK/AF513191
SI  - GENBANK/AF513192
SI  - GENBANK/AF513193
SI  - GENBANK/AF513194
SI  - GENBANK/AF513195
SI  - GENBANK/AF513196
SI  - GENBANK/AF513197
SI  - GENBANK/AF513198
SI  - GENBANK/AF513199
SI  - GENBANK/AF513200
SI  - GENBANK/AF513201
SI  - GENBANK/AF513202
SI  - GENBANK/AF513203
SI  - GENBANK/AF513204
SI  - GENBANK/AF513205
SI  - GENBANK/AF513206
SI  - GENBANK/AF513207
SI  - GENBANK/AF513208
SI  - GENBANK/AF513209
SI  - GENBANK/AF513210
SI  - GENBANK/AF513211
SI  - GENBANK/AF513212
SI  - GENBANK/AF513213
SI  - GENBANK/AF513214
SI  - GENBANK/AF513215
SI  - GENBANK/AF513216
SI  - GENBANK/AF513217
SI  - GENBANK/AF513218
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immunodominant Epitopes)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein gG-1, herpes simplex virus type 1)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/immunology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Frameshift Mutation
MH  - Herpes Simplex/*virology
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*classification/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunodominant Epitopes
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - *Variation (Genetics)
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/immunology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3245-51.

PMID- 12202561
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Detection and characterization of hepatitis C virus RNA in seminal plasma
      and spermatozoon fractions of semen from patients attempting medically
      assisted conception.
PG  - 3252-5
AB  - To investigate the risk of transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) via
      semen in assisted reproduction techniques, semen samples from 32 men
      chronically infected with HCV attending a center for assisted procreation
      were tested for HCV RNA by a reverse transcription-PCR protocol by using a
      modified version of the Cobas AMPLICOR HCV assay (version 2.0; Roche
      Diagnostics). The sensitivity of the test was 40 copies/ml. Four of 32
      seminal plasma samples (12.5%) were found to be positive for the presence
      of HCV RNA. The median HCV load in blood was significantly higher in
      patients who were found to be positive for the presence of HCV RNA in
      semen than in those who tested negative (P = 0.02). In one man, seven
      consecutive seminal plasma samples tested positive for HCV RNA, as did two
      consecutive motile spermatozoon fractions; the corresponding fractions
      obtained after migration of the spermatozoa remained negative. Despite the
      absence of the proven infectivity of virus in semen samples that test
      positive for HCV RNA, these findings highlight the fact that seminal fluid
      may exhibit prolonged HCV RNA excretion. The usefulness of HCV RNA
      detection in both seminal plasma and spermatozoon fractions before the
      start of a program of medically assisted reproduction in couples in whom
      the male partner is chronically infected with HCV would need to be
      evaluated prospectively with a larger population of subjects exhibiting
      HCV RNA in their semen.
AD  - Laboratoire de Bacteriologie-Virologie, GIMAP, Faculty of Medicine of
      Saint-Etienne, France.
FAU - Bourlet, Thomas
AU  - Bourlet T
FAU - Levy, Rachel
AU  - Levy R
FAU - Maertens, Anne
AU  - Maertens A
FAU - Tardy, Jean-Claude
AU  - Tardy JC
FAU - Grattard, Florence
AU  - Grattard F
FAU - Cordonier, Helene
AU  - Cordonier H
FAU - Laurent, Jean-Louis
AU  - Laurent JL
FAU - Guerin, Jean-Francois
AU  - Guerin JF
FAU - Pozzetto, Bruno
AU  - Pozzetto B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Hepacivirus/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Hepatitis C, Chronic/*virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - RNA, Viral/analysis/blood
MH  - *Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Semen/*virology
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Spermatozoa/*virology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3252-5.

PMID- 12202562
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A
      influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes.
PG  - 3256-60
AB  - A real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RRT-PCR) assay based on the avian
      influenza virus matrix gene was developed for the rapid detection of type
      A influenza virus. Additionally, H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtype-specific
      probe sets were developed based on North American avian influenza virus
      sequences. The RRT-PCR assay utilizes a one-step RT-PCR protocol and
      fluorogenic hydrolysis type probes. The matrix gene RRT-PCR assay has a
      detection limit of 10 fg or approximately 1,000 copies of target RNA and
      can detect 0.1 50% egg infective dose of virus. The H5- and H7-specific
      probe sets each have a detection limit of 100 fg of target RNA or
      approximately 10(3) to 10(4) gene copies. The sensitivity and specificity
      of the real-time PCR assay were directly compared with those of the
      current standard for detection of influenza virus: virus isolation (VI) in
      embryonated chicken eggs and hemagglutinin subtyping by hemagglutination
      inhibition (HI) assay. The comparison was performed with 1,550 tracheal
      and cloacal swabs from various avian species and environmental swabs
      obtained from live-bird markets in New York and New Jersey. Influenza
      virus-specific RRT-PCR results correlated with VI results for 89% of the
      samples. The remaining samples were positive with only one detection
      method. Overall the sensitivity and specificity of the H7- and H5-specific
      RRT-PCR were similar to those of VI and HI.
AD  - Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service,
      Athens, Georgia 30605, USA.
FAU - Spackman, Erica
AU  - Spackman E
FAU - Senne, Dennis A
AU  - Senne DA
FAU - Myers, T J
AU  - Myers TJ
FAU - Bulaga, Leslie L
AU  - Bulaga LL
FAU - Garber, Lindsey P
AU  - Garber LP
FAU - Perdue, Michael L
AU  - Perdue ML
FAU - Lohman, Kenton
AU  - Lohman K
FAU - Daum, Luke T
AU  - Daum LT
FAU - Suarez, David L
AU  - Suarez DL
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes
MH  - Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
MH  - Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics
MH  - Influenza A Virus, Avian/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Influenza, Avian/*virology
MH  - Poultry
MH  - Poultry Diseases/*virology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - *Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3256-60.

PMID- 12202563
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Distribution of environmentally regulated genes of Streptococcus suis
      serotype 2 among S. suis serotypes and other organisms.
PG  - 3261-8
AB  - The occurrence of 36 environmentally regulated genes of Streptococcus suis
      strain 10 among all 35 S. suis serotypes was determined by using
      hybridization with the amplified genes as probes. In addition, the
      distribution of these genes among the virulence phenotypes of serotypes 1
      and 2 was assessed. Hybridization was also performed with various other
      streptococcal species and nonstreptococcal bacterial species which may be
      present in pigs. Interestingly, probe ivs-25/iri-1, similar to agrA and
      sapR, hybridized only with S. suis serotype 1 and 2 strains with virulent
      phenotypes and is therefore suitable as a diagnostic parameter. Only one
      probe was specific for S. suis. This probe's sequence was identical to the
      epf gene, a putative virulence factor of S. suis. Probe ivs-31 was similar
      to a virulence factor of S. suis, namely, a gene encoding a fibronectin-
      and fibrinogen-binding protein. This probe hybridized only with oral
      streptococci. Nearly half of the probes (45%) hybridized with the oral
      streptococci (S. oralis, S. milleri, S. sanguis, S. gordonii, and S.
      mitis) and with Streptococcus pneumoniae. This indicates a close
      relationship between S. suis, the oral streptococci, and S. pneumoniae
      with respect to the selected environmentally regulated genes. One probe
      only hybridized with gram-negative species and therefore seems to be
      obtained by S. suis from a gram-negative organism by horizontal transfer.
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of
      Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands. a.degreeff@id.wag-ur.nl
FAU - De Greeff, Astrid
AU  - De Greeff A
FAU - Buys, Herma
AU  - Buys H
FAU - Verhaar, Robin
AU  - Verhaar R
FAU - Van Alphen, Loek
AU  - Van Alphen L
FAU - Smith, Hilde E
AU  - Smith HE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA Probes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacteria/genetics
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics
MH  - DNA Probes/genetics
MH  - *Environment
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
MH  - Humans
MH  - Serotyping
MH  - Streptococcal Infections/*microbiology/veterinary
MH  - Streptococcus suis/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity
MH  - Swine
MH  - Swine Diseases/*microbiology
MH  - Virulence/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3261-8.

PMID- 12202564
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Effects of various test media on the activities of 21 antimicrobial agents
      against Haemophilus influenzae.
PG  - 3269-76
AB  - As considerable variation in the antimicrobial susceptibility of
      Haemophilus influenzae has been reported, the effects of various test
      media on the susceptibility of H. influenzae were studied. MICs were
      determined by three laboratories for 21 antimicrobial agents against a
      panel of 100 selected isolates. Testing was performed using a reference
      NCCLS frozen broth microdilution method with Haemophilus test medium (HTM)
      broth and dried commercial MIC trays rehydrated with the following media:
      in-house and commercially prepared HTM broth, Mueller-Hinton broth with 2%
      lysed horse blood and NAD, IsoSensitest broth with 2% lysed horse blood
      and NAD, and IsoSensitest broth-based HTM. Overall, all results were very
      reproducible, with the MIC at which 50% of the isolates tested are
      inhibited (MIC(50)), MIC(90), and geometric mean MIC being within one
      doubling dilution by all six methods and at all three testing centers for
      15 of the 21 agents tested. Interlaboratory differences were more marked
      than intralaboratory differences or differences among media. Cefprozil,
      cefaclor, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole results differed the most,
      while results for ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefdinir,
      cefixime, ceftriaxone, and clarithromycin were the most reproducible.
      However, these variations in results caused considerable differences in
      susceptibility rates for agents for which NCCLS susceptible breakpoints
      were close to the geometric mean MIC, particularly for cefaclor and
      cefprozil. This was much less of a problem when
      pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic breakpoints were used. Reproducible
      susceptibility results were obtained for a wide range of agents against H.
      influenzae in three laboratories using a variety of media that support the
      growth of this fastidious species.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio,
      USA. mrj6@po.cwru.edu
FAU - Jacobs, Michael R
AU  - Jacobs MR
FAU - Bajaksouzian, Saralee
AU  - Bajaksouzian S
FAU - Windau, Anne
AU  - Windau A
FAU - Appelbaum, Peter C
AU  - Appelbaum PC
FAU - Lin, Gengrong
AU  - Lin G
FAU - Felmingham, David
AU  - Felmingham D
FAU - Dencer, Christine
AU  - Dencer C
FAU - Koeth, Laura
AU  - Koeth L
FAU - Singer, Mendel E
AU  - Singer ME
FAU - Good, Caryn E
AU  - Good CE
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Haemophilus influenzae/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods/standards
MH  - Reference Standards
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3269-76.

PMID- 12202565
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Detection of Trichomonas vaginalis on modified Columbia agar in the
      routine laboratory.
PG  - 3277-80
AB  - Broth culture of Trichomonas vaginalis is considered the "gold standard"
      for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis. Two studies were carried out to
      evaluate modified Columbia agar (MCA) for the isolation of T. vaginalis
      from clinical samples. Study I compared isolation on MCA to that on liquid
      medium with 889 vaginal samples. Out of 63 samples positive for T.
      vaginalis (7.1% of total), MCA identified 62 (98.4%) and broth identified
      58 (92.1%). In study II, trichomoniasis was diagnosed within the scope of
      a screening program for a total of 39,585 men and women by culture on MCA
      and direct microscopy. Culture on MCA detected 199 (98.5%) and Gram
      staining detected 163 (80.7%) of 202 positive specimens. Wet-mount
      preparations used for symptomatic patients identified 103 (92.8%) of 111
      cases. Culture of T. vaginalis from clinical samples on MCA is highly
      sensitive and reliable, as well as timesaving, and therefore suitable for
      screening of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals.
AD  - Outpatients' Center for Diagnosis of Infectious Venerodermatological
      Diseases, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. angelika.stary@univie.ac.at
FAU - Stary, Angelika
AU  - Stary A
FAU - Kuchinka-Koch, Angelika
AU  - Kuchinka-Koch A
FAU - Teodorowicz, Lilianna
AU  - Teodorowicz L
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Gram's stain)
RN  - 0 (Phenazines)
RN  - 548-62-9 (Gentian Violet)
RN  - 9002-18-0 (Agar)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Agar
MH  - Animals
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Female
MH  - Gentian Violet
MH  - Humans
MH  - Laboratories
MH  - Laboratory Techniques and Procedures
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Screening
MH  - Phenazines
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Specimen Handling/methods
MH  - Trichomonas Vaginitis/*diagnosis/parasitology
MH  - Trichomonas vaginalis/*growth & development/*isolation & purification
MH  - Urethra/parasitology
MH  - Vagina/parasitology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3277-80.

PMID- 12202566
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Mycobacterium microti infection (vole tuberculosis) in wild rodent
      populations.
PG  - 3281-5
AB  - Mycobacterium microti (vole tuberculosis) infections in small wild mammals
      were first described more than 60 years ago in several populations in
      Great Britain. Few studies of vole tuberculosis have been undertaken since
      then, and little is known about the relationship between M. microti
      isolates originating from different populations or at different times or
      of the prevalence of this infection in wild rodent populations, despite
      human cases of M. microti infections being increasingly reported. In this
      study, field voles (Microtus agrestis), bank voles (Clethrionomys
      glareolus), and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were found to be infected,
      with up to 8% having external tuberculous signs, in wild populations in
      Northumberland and Cheshire, England. Spoligotyping applied directly to
      the clinical material simultaneously detected and typed M. microti
      bacteria in skin lesions, lymph glands, and internal abcesses. IS6110
      restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of cultured bacteria was
      used to compare these isolates with previously isolated strains from both
      animals and humans. This demonstrated that although the current rodent
      isolates were distinct from those isolated from voles in the 1930s in
      Great Britain, they had a high degree of similarity to these strains and
      were distinct from the M. microti isolates from humans, a pig, and a
      ferret from The Netherlands. Thus, M. microti infection seems to be
      widespread in wild rodent populations, but more studies are needed to
      understand how M. microti might be transmitted from animals to humans and
      to determine better the zoonotic risk posed.
AD  - Centre for Comparative Infectious Diseases, University of Liverpool,
      Liverpool, United Kingdom. rachel@naturebureau.co.uk
FAU - Cavanagh, Rachel
AU  - Cavanagh R
FAU - Begon, Michael
AU  - Begon M
FAU - Bennett, Malcolm
AU  - Bennett M
FAU - Ergon, Torbjorn
AU  - Ergon T
FAU - Graham, Isla M
AU  - Graham IM
FAU - De Haas, Petra E W
AU  - De Haas PE
FAU - Hart, C A
AU  - Hart CA
FAU - Koedam, Marianne
AU  - Koedam M
FAU - Kremer, Kristin
AU  - Kremer K
FAU - Lambin, Xavier
AU  - Lambin X
FAU - Roholl, Paul
AU  - Roholl P
FAU - Soolingen Dv, Dick van
AU  - Soolingen Dv D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Animals, Wild
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - England/epidemiology
MH  - Microtinae
MH  - Muridae
MH  - Mycobacterium/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Mycobacterium Infections/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology/veterinary
MH  - Oligonucleotides/analysis
MH  - Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Rodent Diseases/*epidemiology/*microbiology/pathology
MH  - Tuberculosis/epidemiology/microbiology/pathology/*veterinary
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3281-5.

PMID- 12202567
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Simultaneous detection of Anaplasma marginale and a new Ehrlichia species
      closely related to Ehrlichia chaffeensis by sequence analyses of 16S
      ribosomal DNA in Boophilus microplus ticks from Tibet.
PG  - 3286-90
AB  - To identify ehrlichial agents in Boophilus microplus ticks, DNA samples of
      B. microplus collected from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Sichuan
      Province of China were screened by a nested PCR. Sixteen of 43 (37%) DNA
      samples of B. microplus from Tibet were positive in nested PCR analysis.
      All 27 samples from Sichuan were negative. The screen identified two
      ehrlichial agents based on different 16S rRNA genes that were found after
      amplifying and sequencing the 5'-end fragments of the 16S rRNA genes. One
      sequence was identical to that of the gene of Anaplasma marginale, an
      etiological agent of animal anaplasmosis. The other sequence was most
      similar to that of the gene of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, an etiological agent
      of human monocytic ehrlichiosis. The sequence of 1,501 bases from the
      novel ehrlichial agent was obtained and showed the greatest levels of
      sequence similarity (97 to 98%) to 16S rRNA gene sequences of the members
      of the E. canis group of the genus EHRLICHIA: Sequence comparison of the
      16S rRNA gene with the members of the genus Ehrlichia reveals that the
      novel ehrlichial agent detected in B. microplus ticks is a new species of
      the genus Ehrlichia and is most closely related to E. chaffeensis.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and
      Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China. bohaiwen@sohu.com
FAU - Wen, Bohai
AU  - Wen B
FAU - Jian, Rui
AU  - Jian R
FAU - Zhang, Youzhi
AU  - Zhang Y
FAU - Chen, Rong
AU  - Chen R
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF414399
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaplasma/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Ehrlichia/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Ehrlichia chaffeensis/*classification/genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Tibet
MH  - Ticks/*microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3286-90.

PMID- 12202568
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Rapid detection of methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative
      Staphylococci with the VITEK 2 system.
PG  - 3291-5
AB  - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of the new VITEK
      2 system (bioMerieux, Marcy l' Etoile, France) for the detection of
      methicillin resistance in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) by using
      AST-P515 and AST-P523 test cards. Analyses of the VITEK 2 oxacillin MIC
      determination evaluated according to the actual breakpoint (>/=0.5 micro
      g/ml) of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards resulted
      in a high sensitivity of 99.2% but a moderate specificity of 80%. The
      newly included oxacillin resistance (OR) test of the VITEK 2 system
      displayed a high sensitivity and a high specificity of 97.5 and 98.7%,
      respectively. Concordance between the results of the mecA PCR and the
      VITEK 2 oxacillin MIC was observed for almost all Staphylococcus
      epidermidis strains, but the reduced specificity was attributable to
      higher oxacillin MICs for mecA-negative non-S. epidermidis strains,
      especially S. saprophyticus, S. lugdunensis, and S. cohnii. Evaluation of
      alternative oxacillin MIC breakpoints of 1, 2, or 4 micro g/ml resulted in
      improved degrees of specificity of 84, 90.7, and 97.3%, respectively. Only
      minor changes occurred in the corresponding sensitivity values, which were
      98.4, 97.5, and 97.5%, respectively. Methicillin resistance in CoNS was
      detected after 7 and 8 h in 91.1 and 93.5% of the mecA-positive strains,
      respectively, by the VITEK 2 OR test and in 86.3 and 89.5% of the
      mecA-positive strains, respectively, by VITEK 2 oxacillin MIC
      determination. After 7 and 8 h the VITEK 2 OR test classified 59.2 and
      78.9% of the mecA-negative strains, respectively, as susceptible to
      oxacillin, whereas comparable values were obtained 2 h later by VITEK 2
      oxacillin MIC determination. The results of our study encourage the use of
      the VITEK 2 system, which proved to be a highly reliable and rapid
      phenotypic method for the detection of methicillin resistance in CoNS.
AD  - Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie,
      Universitatsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
      horstko@uke.uni-hamburg.de
FAU - Horstkotte, Matthias A
AU  - Horstkotte MA
FAU - Knobloch, Johannes K-M
AU  - Knobloch JK
FAU - Rohde, Holger
AU  - Rohde H
FAU - Dobinsky, Sabine
AU  - Dobinsky S
FAU - Mack, Dietrich
AU  - Mack D
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Coagulase)
RN  - 0 (Penicillin-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Penicillins)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
RN  - 66-79-5 (Oxacillin)
RN  - EC 2.3.2.12 (Peptidyl Transferases)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.- (Hexosyltransferases)
RN  - EC 3.4.17.8 (Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bacterial Proteins
MH  - Carrier Proteins
MH  - Coagulase/*metabolism
MH  - *Hexosyltransferases
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Methicillin Resistance
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods/standards
MH  - Muramoylpentapeptide Carboxypeptidase
MH  - Oxacillin/pharmacology
MH  - Penicillin-Binding Proteins
MH  - Penicillins/pharmacology
MH  - *Peptidyl Transferases
MH  - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Staphylococcal Infections
MH  - Staphylococcus/*drug effects
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3291-5.

PMID- 12202569
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - New variants of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor with attributes of the
      classical biotype from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in
      Bangladesh.
PG  - 3296-9
AB  - The sixth pandemic of cholera and, presumably, the earlier pandemics were
      caused by the classical biotype of Vibrio cholerae O1, which was
      progressively replaced by the El Tor biotype representing the seventh
      cholera pandemic. Although the classical biotype of V. cholerae O1 is
      extinct, even in southern Bangladesh, the last of the niches where this
      biotype prevailed, we have identified new varieties of V. cholerae O1, of
      the El Tor biotype with attributes of the classical biotype, from
      hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Bangladesh. Twenty-four
      strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated between 1991 and 1994 from hospitalized
      patients with acute diarrhea in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, were
      examined for the phenotypic and genotypic traits that distinguish the two
      biotypes of V. cholerae O1. Standard reference strains of V. cholerae O1
      belonging to the classical and El Tor biotypes were used as controls in
      all of the tests. The phenotypic traits commonly used to distinguish
      between the El Tor and classical biotypes, including polymyxin B
      sensitivity, chicken cell agglutination, type of tcpA and rstR genes, and
      restriction patterns of conserved rRNA genes (ribotypes), differentiated
      the 24 strains of toxigenic V. cholerae O1 into three types designated the
      Matlab types. Although all of the strains belonged to ribotypes that have
      been previously found among El Tor vibrios, type I strains had more traits
      of the classical biotype while type II and III strains appeared to be more
      like the El Tor biotype but had some classical biotype properties. These
      results suggest that, although the classical and El Tor biotypes have
      different lineages, there are possible naturally occurring genetic hybrids
      between the classical and El Tor biotypes that can cause cholera and thus
      provide new insight into the epidemiology of cholera in Bangladesh.
      Furthermore, the existence of such novel strains may have implications for
      the development of a cholera vaccine.
AD  - Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease
      Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
FAU - Nair, G Balakrish
AU  - Nair GB
FAU - Faruque, Shah M
AU  - Faruque SM
FAU - Bhuiyan, N A
AU  - Bhuiyan NA
FAU - Kamruzzaman, M
AU  - Kamruzzaman M
FAU - Siddique, A K
AU  - Siddique AK
FAU - Sack, David A
AU  - Sack DA
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI39129/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Bangladesh/epidemiology
MH  - Cholera/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Diarrhea/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Hospitalization
MH  - Humans
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - *Variation (Genetics)
MH  - Vibrio cholerae/*classification/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3296-9.

PMID- 12202570
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparative assessment of genotyping methods for epidemiologic study of
      Burkholderia cepacia genomovar III.
PG  - 3300-7
AB  - We analyzed a collection of 97 well-characterized Burkholderia cepacia
      genomovar III isolates to evaluate multiple genomic typing systems,
      including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), BOX-PCR fingerprinting
      and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing. The typeability,
      reproducibility, and discriminatory power of these techniques were
      evaluated, and the results were compared to each other and to data
      obtained in previous studies by using multilocus restriction typing
      (MLRT). All methods showed excellent typeability. PFGE with SpeI was more
      reproducible than RAPD and BOX-PCR fingerprinting. The discriminatory
      power of the methods was variable, with PFGE and RAPD typing having a
      higher index of discrimination than BOX-PCR fingerprinting. In general,
      the results obtained by PFGE, BOX-PCR fingerprinting, and MLRT were in
      good agreement. Our data indicate that different genomic-based methods can
      be used to type B. cepacia genomovar III isolates depending on the
      situation and the epidemiologic question being addressed. PFGE and RAPD
      fingerprinting are best suited to addressing small-scale studies (i.e.,
      local epidemiology), whereas BOX-PCR fingerprinting is more appropriate
      for large-scale studies (i.e., global epidemiology). In this regard,
      BOX-PCR fingerprinting can be considered a rapid and easy alternative to
      MLRT.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan
      Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0646, USA.
FAU - Coenye, Tom
AU  - Coenye T
FAU - Spilker, Theodore
AU  - Spilker T
FAU - Martin, Alissa
AU  - Martin A
FAU - LiPuma, John J
AU  - LiPuma JJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques/*methods
MH  - Burkholderia Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Burkholderia cepacia/*classification/*genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Cystic Fibrosis/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - Epidemiology, Molecular
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3300-7.

PMID- 12202571
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Determination of novel Borrelia genospecies in Swedish Ixodes ricinus
      ticks.
PG  - 3308-12
AB  - A total of 301 adult questing Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected at 15
      different locations along the south and east coasts of Sweden to determine
      the Borrelia genospecies diversity. Thirty-two ticks (11%) were found to
      be positive by nested PCR with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato-specific
      primers. Species determination was based on partial sequencing of the 16S
      rRNA gene and the flagellin gene. Five different Borrelia species were
      found. The nucleotide sequence of the Borrelia DNA found in two ticks
      differed extensively from the nucleotide sequences of the Borrelia DNA
      found in the other ticks, and analysis revealed that they were closely
      related to the relapsing fever borrelia species Borrelia miyamotoi. This
      is the first report of a B. miyamotoi-like borrelia in I. ricinus and in
      Europe. Moreover, the Borrelia DNA of two ticks (6%) clustered within the
      B. valaisiana complex. B. valaisiana has not previously been reported in
      Sweden. B. afzelii DNA was found in 14 ticks (44%), and B. garinii DNA was
      found in 10 ticks (31%). B. burgdorferi sensu stricto DNA was found in
      four ticks (13%). We conclude that all of the known human-pathogenic
      species (B. garinii, B. afzelii, and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto) and B.
      valaisiana found elsewhere in Europe are also present in the Swedish
      host-seeking tick population and that a B. miyamotoi-like Borrelia species
      seems to be present in I. ricinus ticks in Europe.
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, Blekinge Hospital, S-371 85 Karlskrona,
      Sweden. carl-johan.fraenkel@ltblekinge.se
FAU - Fraenkel, Carl-Johan
AU  - Fraenkel CJ
FAU - Garpmo, Ulf
AU  - Garpmo U
FAU - Berglund, Johan
AU  - Berglund J
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY083470
SI  - GENBANK/AY083471
SI  - GENBANK/AY083472
SI  - GENBANK/AY083473
SI  - GENBANK/AY083474
SI  - GENBANK/AY083475
SI  - GENBANK/AY083476
SI  - GENBANK/AY083477
SI  - GENBANK/AY083478
SI  - GENBANK/AY083479
SI  - GENBANK/AY083480
SI  - GENBANK/AY083481
SI  - GENBANK/AY083482
SI  - GENBANK/AY083483
SI  - GENBANK/AY083484
SI  - GENBANK/AY083485
SI  - GENBANK/AY083486
SI  - GENBANK/AY083487
SI  - GENBANK/AY083488
SI  - GENBANK/AY083489
SI  - GENBANK/AY083490
SI  - GENBANK/AY083491
SI  - GENBANK/AY083492
SI  - GENBANK/AY083493
SI  - GENBANK/AY083494
SI  - GENBANK/AY083495
SI  - GENBANK/AY083496
SI  - GENBANK/AY083497
SI  - GENBANK/AY083498
SI  - GENBANK/AY083499
SI  - GENBANK/AY083500
SI  - GENBANK/AY083501
SI  - GENBANK/AY083502
SI  - GENBANK/AY083503
SI  - GENBANK/AY083504
SI  - GENBANK/AY083505
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 12777-81-0 (Flagellin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Borrelia/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Flagellin/genetics
MH  - Ixodes/*microbiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sweden
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3308-12.

PMID- 12202572
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Molecular epidemiology of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus
      pneumoniae isolates from blood and noninvasive sites.
PG  - 3313-8
AB  - Erythromycin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood
      cultures and noninvasive sites were studied over a 3-year period. The
      prevalence of erythromycin resistance was 11.9% (19 of 160) in blood
      culture isolates but 4.2% (60 of 1,435) in noninvasive-site isolates.
      Sixty-two of the 79 resistant isolates were available for study. The M
      phenotype was responsible for 76% (47 of 62) of resistance, largely due to
      a serotype 14 clone, characterized by multilocus sequence typing as ST9,
      which accounted for 79% (37 of 47) of M phenotype resistance. The ST9
      clone was 4.8 times more common in blood than in noninvasive sites. All M
      phenotype isolates were PCR positive for mef(A), but sequencing revealed
      that the ST9 clone possessed the mef(A) sequence commonly associated with
      Streptococcus pyogenes. All M phenotype isolates with this mef(A) sequence
      also had sequences consistent with the presence of the Tn1207.1 genetic
      element inserted in the celB gene. In contrast, isolates with the mef(E)
      sequence normally associated with S. pneumoniae contained sequences
      consistent with the presence of the mega insertion element. All MLS(B)
      isolates carried erm(B), and two isolates carried both erm(B) and mef(E).
      Fourteen of the 15 MLS(B) isolates were tetracycline resistant and
      contained tet(M). However, six M phenotype isolates of serotypes 19 (two
      isolates) and 23 (four isolates) were also tetracycline resistant and
      contained tet(M). MICs for isolates with the mef(A) sequence were
      significantly higher than MICs for isolates with the mef(E) sequence (P <
      0.001). Thus, the ST9 clone of S. pneumoniae is a significant cause of
      invasive pneumococcal disease in northeast Scotland and is the single most
      important contributor to M phenotype erythromycin resistance.
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25
      2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom.
FAU - Amezaga, Maria Rosario
AU  - Amezaga MR
FAU - Carter, Philip E
AU  - Carter PE
FAU - Cash, Phillip
AU  - Cash P
FAU - McKenzie, Hamish
AU  - McKenzie H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
RN  - 114-07-8 (Erythromycin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Bacteremia/epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Blood/microbiology
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - DNA Transposable Elements
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - *Epidemiology, Molecular
MH  - Erythromycin/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Pneumococcal Infections/epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/*classification/*drug effects/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3313-8.

PMID- 12202573
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Rational design of DNA sequence-based strategies for subtyping Listeria
      monocytogenes.
PG  - 3319-25
AB  - The ability to differentiate bacteria beyond the species level is
      essential for identifying and tracking infectious disease outbreaks and to
      improve our knowledge of the population genetics, epidemiology, and
      ecology of bacterial pathogens. Commonly used subtyping methods, such as
      serotyping, phage typing, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel
      electrophoresis, can yield ambiguous results that are difficult to
      standardize and share among laboratories. DNA sequence-based subtyping
      strategies can reduce interpretation ambiguity. We report the development
      of a rational approach for designing sequence-based subtyping methods.
      Listeria monocytogenes was selected as the model organism for testing the
      efficacy of this approach. Two housekeeping genes (recA and prs), one
      stress response gene (sigB), two virulence genes (actA and inlA), and two
      intergenic regions (hly-mpl and plcA-hly) were sequenced for 15 L.
      monocytogenes isolates. Isolates were chosen from a representative
      collection of more than 1,000 L. monocytogenes isolates to reflect the
      genetic diversity of this species. DNA sequences were aligned, and sliding
      window analyses were performed for each gene to define 600-bp-long regions
      that were (i) most polymorphic (using ProSeq) or (ii) most discriminatory
      (using a new algorithm implemented in WINDOWMIN). Complete gene sequences
      for actA (1,929 bp) and inlA (2,235 bp) provided the highest
      discrimination (identifying 15 and 14 allelic types, respectively).
      WINDOWMIN allowed identification of 600-bp regions within these genes that
      provided similar discriminatory power (yielding 15 and 13 allelic types,
      respectively). The most discriminatory 600-bp fragments identified in the
      housekeeping and stress response genes differentiated the isolates into 8
      to 10 subtypes; intergenic region sequences yielded 8 and 12 allelic types
      based on 335- and 242-bp sequences for hly-mpl and plcA-hly, respectively.
      Regions identified as most polymorphic were not necessarily most
      discriminatory; therefore, application of the WINDOWMIN algorithm provided
      a powerful tool for determining the best target regions for DNA
      sequence-based subtyping. Our specific results also show that inclusion of
      virulence gene target sequences in a DNA sequence-based subtyping scheme
      for L. monocytogenes is necessary to achieve maximum subtype
      differentiation.
AD  - Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853,
      USA.
FAU - Cai, Steven
AU  - Cai S
FAU - Kabuki, Dirce Yorika
AU  - Kabuki DY
FAU - Kuaye, Arnaldo Yoshiteru
AU  - Kuaye AY
FAU - Cargioli, Theresa Gina
AU  - Cargioli TG
FAU - Chung, Michael S
AU  - Chung MS
FAU - Nielsen, Rasmus
AU  - Nielsen R
FAU - Wiedmann, Martin
AU  - Wiedmann M
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF497139
SI  - GENBANK/AF497140
SI  - GENBANK/AF497141
SI  - GENBANK/AF497142
SI  - GENBANK/AF497143
SI  - GENBANK/AF497144
SI  - GENBANK/AF497145
SI  - GENBANK/AF497146
SI  - GENBANK/AF497147
SI  - GENBANK/AF497148
SI  - GENBANK/AF497149
SI  - GENBANK/AF497150
SI  - GENBANK/AF497151
SI  - GENBANK/AF497152
SI  - GENBANK/AF497153
SI  - GENBANK/AF497154
SI  - GENBANK/AF497155
SI  - GENBANK/AF497156
SI  - GENBANK/AF497157
SI  - GENBANK/AF497158
SI  - GENBANK/AF497159
SI  - GENBANK/AF497160
SI  - GENBANK/AF497161
SI  - GENBANK/AF497162
SI  - GENBANK/AF497163
SI  - GENBANK/AF497164
SI  - GENBANK/AF497165
SI  - GENBANK/AF497166
SI  - GENBANK/AF497167
SI  - GENBANK/AF497168
SI  - GENBANK/AF497169
SI  - GENBANK/AF497170
SI  - GENBANK/AF497171
SI  - GENBANK/AF497172
SI  - GENBANK/AF497173
SI  - GENBANK/AF497174
SI  - GENBANK/AF497175
SI  - GENBANK/AF497176
SI  - GENBANK/AF497177
SI  - GENBANK/AF497178
SI  - GENBANK/AF497179
SI  - GENBANK/AF497180
SI  - GENBANK/AF497181
SI  - GENBANK/AF497182
SI  - GENBANK/AF497183
SI  - GENBANK/AF497184
SI  - GENBANK/AF497185
SI  - GENBANK/AF497186
SI  - GENBANK/AF497187
SI  - GENBANK/AF497188
SI  - GENBANK/AF497189
SI  - GENBANK/AF497190
SI  - GENBANK/AF497191
SI  - GENBANK/AF497192
SI  - GENBANK/AF497193
SI  - GENBANK/AF497194
SI  - GENBANK/AF497195
SI  - GENBANK/AF497196
SI  - GENBANK/AF497197
SI  - GENBANK/AF497198
SI  - GENBANK/AF497199
SI  - GENBANK/AF497200
SI  - GENBANK/AF497201
SI  - GENBANK/AF497202
SI  - GENBANK/AF497203
SI  - GENBANK/AF497204
SI  - GENBANK/AF497205
SI  - GENBANK/AF497206
SI  - GENBANK/AF497207
SI  - GENBANK/AF497208
SI  - GENBANK/AF497209
SI  - GENBANK/AF497210
SI  - GENBANK/AF497211
SI  - GENBANK/AF497212
SI  - GENBANK/AF497213
SI  - GENBANK/AF497214
SI  - GENBANK/AF497215
SI  - GENBANK/AF497216
SI  - GENBANK/AF497217
SI  - GENBANK/AF497218
SI  - GENBANK/AF497219
SI  - GENBANK/AF497220
SI  - GENBANK/AF497221
SI  - GENBANK/AF497222
SI  - GENBANK/AF497223
SI  - GENBANK/AF497224
SI  - GENBANK/AF497225
SI  - GENBANK/AF497226
SI  - GENBANK/AF497227
SI  - GENBANK/AF497228
SI  - GENBANK/AF497229
SI  - GENBANK/AF497230
SI  - GENBANK/AF497231
SI  - GENBANK/AF497232
SI  - GENBANK/AF497233
SI  - GENBANK/AF497234
SI  - GENBANK/AF497235
SI  - GENBANK/AF497236
SI  - GENBANK/AF497237
SI  - GENBANK/AF497238
SI  - GENBANK/AF497239
SI  - GENBANK/AF497240
SI  - GENBANK/AF497241
SI  - GENBANK/AF497242
SI  - GENBANK/AF497243
GR  - R01GM63259/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques/*methods
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - Gene Deletion
MH  - Humans
MH  - Listeria Infections/microbiology
MH  - Listeria monocytogenes/*classification/*genetics/pathogenicity
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA/*methods
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3319-25.

PMID- 12202574
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Possible connection between a widely disseminated conjugative gentamicin
      resistance (pMG1-like) plasmid and the emergence of vancomycin resistance
      in Enterococcus faecium.
PG  - 3326-33
AB  - A total of 640 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) isolates,
      which were obtained between 1994 and 1999 from the Medical School Hospital
      of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, were used in this study. Of the
      640 strains, 611 and 29 were VanA and VanB VRE, respectively, based on PCR
      analysis. Four hundred ninety-two (77%) of the strains exhibited
      resistance to concentrations of gentamicin from 64 micro g/ml (MIC) to
      more than 1,024 micro g/ml (MIC). The gentamicin resistance of each of 261
      (53%) of the 492 gentamicin-resistant strains was transferred to E.
      faecium at a frequency of about 10(-5) to 10(-6) per donor cell in broth
      mating. More than 90% of vancomycin resistances of the 261 strains
      cotransferred with the gentamicin resistances to E. faecium strains by
      filter mating. The conjugative gentamicin resistance plasmids were
      identified and were classified into five types (A through E) with respect
      to their EcoRI restriction profiles. The transfer frequencies of each type
      of plasmid between E. faecium strains or Enterococcus faecalis strains
      were around 10(-3) to 10(-5) per donor cell or around 10(-6) to 10(-7) per
      donor cell, respectively, in broth mating. Type A and type B were the most
      frequently isolated, at an isolation frequency of about 40% per VRE
      isolate harboring the gentamicin resistance conjugative plasmid. The
      plasmids did not show any homology in Southern hybridization with the
      pheromone-responsive plasmids and broad-host-range plasmids pAMbeta1 and
      pIP501. The EcoRI or NdeI restriction fragments of each type of plasmids
      hybridized to the conjugative gentamicin resistance plasmid pMG1 (65.1
      kb), which was originally isolated from an E. faecium clinical isolate,
      and transfer efficiently in broth mating.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi,
      Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
FAU - Tomita, Haruyoshi
AU  - Tomita H
FAU - Pierson, Carl
AU  - Pierson C
FAU - Lim, Suk Kyung
AU  - Lim SK
FAU - Clewell, Don B
AU  - Clewell DB
FAU - Ike, Yasuyoshi
AU  - Ike Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Gentamicins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - *Conjugation, Genetic
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Enterococcus faecium/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Gene Transfer, Horizontal
MH  - Gentamicins/*pharmacology
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization
MH  - Plasmids/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Vancomycin Resistance
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3326-33.

PMID- 12202575
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Detection and quantification of oral treponemes in subgingival plaque by
      real-time PCR.
PG  - 3334-40
AB  - Oral treponemes have been associated with periodontal diseases. We
      developed a highly sensitive and specific method to detect and quantify
      cultivable oral treponemes (Treponema denticola, Treponema vincentii, and
      Treponema medium) in 50 subgingival plaque samples from 13 healthy
      subjects as well as 37 patients with periodontal diseases using real-time
      PCR assays with specific primers and a TaqMan probe for each 16S rRNA
      sequence. The specificity for each assay was examined by using DNA
      specimens from various treponemal and other bacterial species. The TaqMan
      real-time PCR was able to detect from 10(3) to 10(8) cells of the oral
      treponemes, with correlation coefficients as follows: T. denticola, 0.984;
      T. vincentii, 0.991; and T. medium, 0.984. The frequencies of occurrence
      of these three oral treponemes in subgingival plaque samples were as
      follows: T. denticola, 68.0%; T. vincentii, 36.0%; and T. medium, 48.0%.
      In addition, the number of T. denticola, T. vincentii, and T. medium cells
      in plaque samples detected by real-time PCR ranged from 3 to 15,184, 1 to
      447, and 1 to 7,301 cells/pg of plaque DNA, respectively. Increased
      numbers of T. denticola cells were detected in plaque samples from deep
      periodontal pockets, and T. medium was also detected in deep pockets. On
      the other hand, T. vincentii was mainly found in shallow pockets. These
      results suggest that various oral treponemes are associated with the
      formation of each stage of periodontal disease.
AD  - Department of Oral Microbiology, Asahi University School of Dentistry,
      1851-1 Hozumi, Hozumi-cho, Motosu-gun, Gifu 501-0296, Japan.
FAU - Asai, Yasuyuki
AU  - Asai Y
FAU - Jinno, Takayoshi
AU  - Jinno T
FAU - Igarashi, Hajime
AU  - Igarashi H
FAU - Ohyama, Yoshinori
AU  - Ohyama Y
FAU - Ogawa, Tomohiko
AU  - Ogawa T
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Taq Polymerase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - Dental Plaque/*microbiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Mouth/*microbiology
MH  - Periodontal Diseases/*microbiology/physiopathology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Taq Polymerase
MH  - Treponema/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Treponemal Infections/microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3334-40.

PMID- 12202576
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - High prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and high
      frequency of multiple HPV genotypes in human immunodeficiency
      virus-infected women in Brazil.
PG  - 3341-5
AB  - A group of 208 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women in Brazil
      were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus with the general
      SPF(10) PCR primer set. Virtually all (98%) women were found positive for
      human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Genotyping by the reverse hybridization
      line probe assay (HPV-LiPA) revealed a high prevalence of multiple
      genotypes (78.9% of the cases), with an average of 3.1 genotypes per
      patient (range, 1 to 10 genotypes). HPV 6 was the most prevalent genotype
      and was observed in 80 (39.2%) patients, followed by types 51 (31.9%), 11
      (26.0%), 18 (24.0%), and 16 (22.5%). Of the genotypes detected, 40.9% were
      low-risk genotypes. Twenty-two (10.5%) patients showed normal (Pap I)
      cytology, 149 (71.6%) patients had inflammation (Pap II), and 28 patients
      (13.4%) had a Pap III score. The prevalence of high-risk genotypes
      increased with the cytological classification. There were no significant
      associations between the number of HPV genotypes detected and the
      cytological classification, HIV viral load, and CD4 count in these
      patients. In conclusion, the highly sensitive SPF(10) LiPA system shows
      that a very high proportion of HIV-infected women in Brazil are infected
      with HPV and often carry multiple HPV genotypes.
AD  - Laboratorio de Virologia do Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de
      Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
FAU - Levi, Jose E
AU  - Levi JE
FAU - Kleter, Bernhard
AU  - Kleter B
FAU - Quint, Wim G V
AU  - Quint WG
FAU - Fink, Maria C S
AU  - Fink MC
FAU - Canto, Cynthia L M
AU  - Canto CL
FAU - Matsubara, Regina
AU  - Matsubara R
FAU - Linhares, Iara
AU  - Linhares I
FAU - Segurado, Aluisio
AU  - Segurado A
FAU - Vanderborght, Bart
AU  - Vanderborght B
FAU - Neto, Jose Eluf
AU  - Neto JE
FAU - Van Doorn, Leen-Jan
AU  - Van Doorn LJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Brazil/epidemiology
MH  - Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/epidemiology/virology
MH  - Cervix Neoplasms/epidemiology/virology
MH  - DNA, Viral/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - HIV Infections/*complications/*epidemiology
MH  - HIV-1/isolation & purification/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Papillomavirus, Human/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Papovaviridae Infections/*epidemiology/virology
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tumor Virus Infections/*epidemiology/virology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3341-5.

PMID- 12202577
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Leptotrichia amnionii sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the
      amniotic fluid of a woman after intrauterine fetal demise.
PG  - 3346-9
AB  - A novel bacterium was isolated and characterized from the amniotic fluid
      of a woman who experienced intrauterine fetal demise in the second
      trimester of pregnancy. The bacterium was a slow-growing, gram-negative
      anaerobic coccobacillus belonging to the genus LEPTOTRICHIA: Unlike
      Leptotrichia sanguinegens, the isolate did not grow in chopped-meat
      glucose broth or on sheep blood agar upon subculturing. The isolate was
      characterized by sequencing and analyzing its 16S rRNA gene. The 1,493-bp
      16S ribosomal DNA sequence had only 96% homology with L. sanguinegens.
      Several phylogenetic analyses indicated that L. amnionii is a distinct
      species and most closely related to L. sanguiegens.
AD  - Clinical Research Center, Marshfield Medical Research and Education
      Foundation, Wisconsin 54449, USA. shuklas@mmrf.mfldclin.edu
FAU - Shukla, Sanjay K
AU  - Shukla SK
FAU - Meier, Paul R
AU  - Meier PR
FAU - Mitchell, Paul D
AU  - Mitchell PD
FAU - Frank, Daniel N
AU  - Frank DN
FAU - Reed, Kurt D
AU  - Reed KD
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY078425
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amniotic Fluid/*microbiology
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - *Fetal Death
MH  - Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria/*classification/genetics/*isolation &
      purification
MH  - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*microbiology
MH  - Pregnancy Trimester, Second
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3346-9.

PMID- 12202578
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Fast, noninvasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of
      Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to
      dandruff microbiology.
PG  - 3350-7
AB  - Malassezia fungi have been the suspected cause of dandruff for more than a
      century. Previously referred to as Pityrosporum ovale, Pityrosporum
      orbiculare, or Malassezia, these fungi are now known to consist of at
      least seven Malassezia species. Each species has a specific ecological
      niche, as well as specific biochemical and genetic characteristics.
      Malassezia yeasts have fastidious culture conditions and exceedingly
      different growth rates. Therefore, the results of surveys of Malassezia
      based on culture methods can be difficult to interpret. We developed a
      molecular technique, terminal fragment length polymorphism analysis, to
      more accurately survey the ecology of Malassezia yeasts without bias from
      culture. This technique involves fluorescent nested PCR of the intergenic
      transcribed spacer (ITS) ITS I and ITS II region ribosomal gene clusters.
      All known Malassezia species can be differentiated by unique ITS fragment
      lengths. We have used this technique to directly analyze scalp samples
      from subjects enrolled in a demographic scalp health study. Results for
      subjects assigned composite adherent scalp flaking scores (ASFS) <10 were
      compared to those for subjects assigned composite ASFS >24. Malassezia
      restricta and M. globosa were found to be the predominant Malassezia
      species present in both groups. Importantly, we found no evidence of M.
      furfur in either group, indicating that M. furfur can be eliminated as the
      causal organism for dandruff. Both groups also showed the presence of
      non-Malassezia fungi. This method, particularly when it is used in
      combination with existing fungal ITS databases, is expected to be useful
      in the diagnosis of multiple other fungal infections.
AD  - The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio 45252. Yeast Division,
      Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Gemmer, Christina M
AU  - Gemmer CM
FAU - DeAngelis, Yvonne M
AU  - DeAngelis YM
FAU - Theelen, Bart
AU  - Theelen B
FAU - Boekhout, Teun
AU  - Boekhout T
FAU - Dawson Jr, Thomas L Jr
AU  - Dawson Jr TL Jr
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal Spacer)
SB  - IM
MH  - DNA, Fungal/analysis/isolation & purification
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/analysis
MH  - Dermatitis, Seborrheic/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Malassezia/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Scalp/*microbiology
MH  - Scalp Dermatoses/*microbiology
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Specimen Handling
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3350-7.

PMID- 12202579
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Detection of Rickettsia prowazekii in body lice and their feces by using
      monoclonal antibodies.
PG  - 3358-63
AB  - In order to identify Rickettsia prowazekii in lice, we developed a panel
      of 29 representative monoclonal antibodies selected from 187 positive
      hybridomas made by fusing splenocytes of immunized mice with SP2/0-Ag14
      myeloma cells. Immunoblotting revealed that 15 monoclonal antibodies
      reacted with the lipopolysaccharide-like (LPS-L) antigen and 14 reacted
      with the epitopes of a 120-kDa protein. Only typhus group rickettsiae
      reacted with the monoclonal antibodies against LPS-L. R. felis, a recently
      identified rickettsial species, did not react with these monoclonal
      antibodies, confirming that it is not antigenically related to the typhus
      group. Monoclonal antibodies against the 120-kDa protein were highly
      specific for R. prowazekii. We successfully applied a selected monoclonal
      antibody against the 120-kDa protein to detect by immunofluorescence assay
      R. prowazekii in smears from 56 wild and laboratory lice, as well as in 10
      samples of louse feces infected or not infected with the organism. We have
      developed a simple, practical, and specific diagnostic assay for clinical
      specimens and large-scale epidemiological surveys with a sensitivity of
      91%. These monoclonal antibodies could be added to the rickettsial
      diagnostic panel and be used to differentiate R. prowazekii from other
      rickettsial species.
AD  - Unite des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculty of Medicine, 13385
      Marseille, France.
FAU - Fang, Rong
AU  - Fang R
FAU - Houhamdi, Linda
AU  - Houhamdi L
FAU - Raoult, Didier
AU  - Raoult D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/biosynthesis/*diagnostic use/immunology
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/biosynthesis/*diagnostic use/immunology
MH  - *Antibody Specificity
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Feces/*microbiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Pediculus/*microbiology
MH  - Rickettsia prowazekii/immunology/*isolation & purification
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3358-63.

PMID- 12202580
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Rapid-cycle PCR and fluorimetry for detection of mycobacteria.
PG  - 3364-73
AB  - In this study we used LightCycler PCR amplification and product detection
      by fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes to identify mycobacteria
      and differentiate between Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,
      Mycobacterium avium, and other nontuberculous mycobacteria. Targeting the
      16S rRNA gene, three different probes specific for mycobacteria, M.
      tuberculosis complex, and M. avium were constructed. As few as five genome
      copies of target nucleic acid were detected by the probes, illustrating
      the high sensitivity of the system. All 33 mycobacterial species tested
      but none of the closely related actinomycetes and other bacteria produced
      a specific fluorescence signal. A specificity of 100% was also
      demonstrated for the M. tuberculosis complex-specific probe and the M.
      avium-specific probe. Within 45 min, the LightCycler method correctly
      detected mycobacteria and specifically identified M. tuberculosis complex
      and M. avium without any post-PCR sample manipulation. In view of future
      clinical studies, we also constructed and tested an internal control which
      could be used to assure successful amplification and detection of
      mycobacteria. Monitoring of PCR inhibition will be essential for
      evaluation of this system for direct detection of mycobacteria in clinical
      specimens. Finally, we tested our system on sputum seeded with
      mycobacteria and were able to detect as few as 10 organisms. At present,
      this system is the fastest available method for identification and
      differentiation of mycobacteria from culture-positive specimens and offers
      an excellent alternative to previously established nucleic acid
      amplification-based techniques for the diagnostic mycobacterial
      laboratory.
AD  - Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical School Hannover, 30625
      Hannover, Germany.
FAU - Lachnik, Jacqueline
AU  - Lachnik J
FAU - Ackermann, Birgit
AU  - Ackermann B
FAU - Bohrssen, Antje
AU  - Bohrssen A
FAU - Maass, Silvia
AU  - Maass S
FAU - Diephaus, Catharina
AU  - Diephaus C
FAU - Puncken, Axel
AU  - Puncken A
FAU - Stermann, Marion
AU  - Stermann M
FAU - Bange, Franz-Christoph
AU  - Bange FC
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA Probes)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - DNA Probes
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Energy Transfer
MH  - Fluorometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mycobacterium/*classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Mycobacterium Infections/microbiology
MH  - Mycobacterium avium Complex/*classification
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*classification
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Sputum/microbiology
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3364-73.

PMID- 12202581
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Clinical and epidemiological correlates of genotypes within the
      Mycobacterium avium complex defined by restriction and sequence analysis
      of hsp65.
PG  - 3374-80
AB  - Species identification of isolates of the Mycobacterium avium complex
      (MAC) remains a difficult task. Although M. avium and Mycobacterium
      intracellulare can be identified with expensive, commercially available
      probes, many MAC isolates remain unresolved, including those representing
      Mycobacterium lentiflavum as well as other potentially undefined species.
      PCR restriction analysis (PRA) of the hsp65 gene has been proposed as a
      rapid and inexpensive approach. We applied PRA to 278 MAC isolates,
      including 126 from blood of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected
      patients, 59 from sputum of HIV-negative patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease, 88 from environmental sources, and 5 pulmonary isolates
      from a different study. A total of 15 different PRA patterns were
      observed. For 27 representative isolates, a 441-bp fragment of the hsp65
      gene was sequenced; based on 54 polymorphic sites, 18 different alleles
      were defined, including 12 alleles not previously reported. Species and
      phylogenetic relationships were more accurately defined by sequencing than
      by PRA or commercial probe. The distribution of PRA types and, by
      implication, phylogenetic lineages among blood isolates was significantly
      different from that for pulmonary and environmental isolates, suggesting
      that particular lineages have appreciably greater virulence and invasive
      potential.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, VA Boston
      Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts 02130, USA.
FAU - Smole, Sandra C
AU  - Smole SC
FAU - McAleese, Fionnuala
AU  - McAleese F
FAU - Ngampasutadol, Jutamas
AU  - Ngampasutadol J
FAU - Von Reyn, C Fordham
AU  - Von Reyn CF
FAU - Arbeit, Robert D
AU  - Arbeit RD
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF241200
SI  - GENBANK/AF241201
SI  - GENBANK/AF241202
SI  - GENBANK/AF241203
SI  - GENBANK/AF241204
SI  - GENBANK/AF241205
SI  - GENBANK/AF241206
SI  - GENBANK/AF241207
SI  - GENBANK/AF241208
SI  - GENBANK/AF241209
SI  - GENBANK/AF241210
SI  - GENBANK/AF241211
SI  - GENBANK/AF241212
SI  - GENBANK/AF241213
SI  - GENBANK/AF241214
SI  - GENBANK/AF241215
SI  - GENBANK/AF241216
SI  - GENBANK/AF354274
SI  - GENBANK/AF354275
SI  - GENBANK/AF354276
SI  - GENBANK/AF354277
SI  - GENBANK/AF354278
SI  - GENBANK/AF354279
SI  - GENBANK/AF354280
SI  - GENBANK/AF354281
SI  - GENBANK/AF354282
SI  - GENBANK/AF354283
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Chaperonins)
RN  - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
RN  - 0 (heat-shock protein 65, Mycobacterium)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bacterial Proteins
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blood/microbiology
MH  - Chaperonins/*genetics
MH  - DNA Transposable Elements
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung/microbiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mycobacterium avium Complex/*classification/*genetics/isolation &
      purification
MH  - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare
      Infection/*epidemiology/microbiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - Restriction Mapping
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3374-80.

PMID- 12202582
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Malignant catarrhal fever-like disease in Barbary red deer (Cervus elaphus
      barbarus) naturally infected with a virus resembling alcelaphine
      herpesvirus 2.
PG  - 3381-90
AB  - Eight Barbary red deer (Cervus elaphus barbarus) developed clinical signs
      suggestive of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) over a 28-day period. These
      animals were housed outdoors with four other species of ruminants.
      Affected red deer had lethargy, ocular signs, and nasal discharge and were
      euthanatized within 48 h. Lesions included ulcers of the muzzle, lips, and
      oral cavity associated with infiltrates of neutrophils and lymphocytes.
      Serologically, six of seven red deer tested during the outbreak were
      positive by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies
      to a shared MCF virus antigen. PCR using oligonucleotide primers designed
      for a conserved protein of alcelaphine herpesviruses 1 (AlHV-1) and 2
      (AlHV-2) and for conserved regions of a herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene
      was positive for tissues from all eight clinically affected animals and
      negative for eight out of eight red deer without clinical signs of MCF.
      DNA sequencing of PCR amplicons from the diseased red deer indicated that
      they were infected with a novel herpesvirus closely related to AlHV-2;
      immunohistochemistry using polyclonal anti-AlHV-2 serum and in situ
      hybridization demonstrated the presence of virus within salivary glands
      adjacent to oral lesions of affected animals. A survey of other ruminants
      near the outbreak subsequently showed that normal Jackson's hartebeest
      (Alcelaphus buselaphus jacksoni) that were cohoused with the diseased red
      deer were infected with the same virus and were shedding the virus in
      nasal excretions. These findings suggest that a herpesvirus closely
      related to AlHV-2 caused the MCF-like disease epizootic in Barbary red
      deer and that the virus may have originated from Jackson's hartebeest.
AD  - Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Center for Reproduction of Endangered
      Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, California
      92112-0551, USA.
FAU - Klieforth, Robert
AU  - Klieforth R
FAU - Maalouf, Gabriel
AU  - Maalouf G
FAU - Stalis, Ilse
AU  - Stalis I
FAU - Terio, Karen
AU  - Terio K
FAU - Janssen, Donald
AU  - Janssen D
FAU - Schrenzel, Mark
AU  - Schrenzel M
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY092762
SI  - GENBANK/AY092763
SI  - GENBANK/AY125489
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - *Deer
MH  - *Disease Outbreaks
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Gammaherpesvirinae/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Herpesviridae Infections/epidemiology/veterinary/virology
MH  - Malignant Catarrh/*epidemiology/virology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Rhadinovirus/*classification/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3381-90.

PMID- 12202583
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Practical approach for typing strains of Leishmania infantum by
      microsatellite analysis.
PG  - 3391-7
AB  - Currently the universally accepted standard procedure for characterizing
      and identifying strains of Leishmania is isoenzyme analysis. However, in
      the Mediterranean area, despite their very wide geographical distribution,
      most Leishmania infantum strains belong to zymodeme MON-1. In order to
      increase our understanding of polymorphism in strains of L. infantum, we
      developed PCR assays amplifying 10 microsatellites and sequenced PCR
      products. The discriminative power of microsatellite analysis was tested
      by using a panel of 50 L. infantum strains collected from patients and
      dogs from Spain, France, and Israel, including 32 strains belonging to
      zymodeme MON-1, 8 strains belonging to zymodemes MON-24, MON-29, MON-33,
      MON-34, or MON-80, and 10 untyped strains. Five of the microsatellites
      were polymorphic, revealing 22 genotypes, whereas the five remaining
      microsatellites were not variable. In particular, MON-1 strains could be
      separated into 13 different closely related genotypes. MON-33 and MON-34
      strains also gave two additional genotypes closely related to MON-1, while
      MON-29, MON-24, and MON 80 strains exhibited more divergent genotypes.
      Among the foci examined, the Catalonian focus displayed a high
      polymorphism, probably reflecting isoenzyme polymorphism, while the
      Israeli focus exhibited a low polymorphism that could be consistent with
      the recent reemergence and rapid spread of canine leishmaniasis in
      northern and central Israel. The strains originating from the south of
      France and the Madrid, Spain, area displayed significant microsatellite
      polymorphism even though they were monomorphic by isoenzyme analysis. In
      conclusion, microsatellite polymorphism exhibits a high discriminative
      power and appears to be suitable for characterization of closely related
      strains of L. infantum in epidemiological studies.
AD  - Sante Environnement Rural, Universite de Franche-Comte, 25000 Besancon,
      France.
FAU - Bulle, Beatrice
AU  - Bulle B
FAU - Millon, Laurence
AU  - Millon L
FAU - Bart, Jean-Mathieu
AU  - Bart JM
FAU - Gallego, Montserrat
AU  - Gallego M
FAU - Gambarelli, Francoise
AU  - Gambarelli F
FAU - Portus, Montserrat
AU  - Portus M
FAU - Schnur, Lee
AU  - Schnur L
FAU - Jaffe, Charles L
AU  - Jaffe CL
FAU - Fernandez-Barredo, Salceda
AU  - Fernandez-Barredo S
FAU - Alunda, Jose Maria
AU  - Alunda JM
FAU - Piarroux, Renaud
AU  - Piarroux R
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal Spacer)
RN  - 0 (Isoenzymes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/analysis
MH  - Dog Diseases/*parasitology
MH  - Dogs
MH  - France
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isoenzymes/genetics
MH  - Israel
MH  - Leishmania infantum/*classification/genetics
MH  - Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*parasitology/veterinary
MH  - Microsatellite Repeats/*genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Parasitology/methods
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Spain
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3391-7.

PMID- 12202584
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Mycobacterium africanum subtype II is associated with two distinct
      genotypes and is a major cause of human tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda.
PG  - 3398-405
AB  - The population structure of 234 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains
      obtained during 1995 and 1997 from tuberculosis patients living in
      Kampala, Uganda (East Africa), was analyzed by routine laboratory
      procedures, spoligotyping, and IS6110 restriction fragment length
      polymorphism (RFLP) typing. According to biochemical test results, 157
      isolates (67%) were classified as M. africanum subtype II (resistant to
      thiophen-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide), 76 isolates (32%) were classified
      as M. tuberculosis, and 1 isolate was classified as classical M. bovis.
      Spoligotyping did not lead to clear differentiation of M. tuberculosis and
      M. africanum, but all M. africanum subtype II isolates lacked spacers 33
      to 36, differentiating them from M. africanum subtype I. Moreover,
      spoligotyping was not sufficient for differentiation of isolates on the
      strain level, since 193 (82%) were grouped into clusters. In contrast, in
      the IS6110-based dendrogram, M. africanum strains were clustered into two
      closely related strain families (Uganda I and II) and clearly separated
      from the M. tuberculosis isolates. A further characteristic of both M.
      africanum subtype II families was the absence of spoligotype spacer 40.
      All strains of family I also lacked spacer 43. The clustering rate
      obtained by the combination of spoligotyping and RFLP IS6110 analysis was
      similar for M. africanum and M. tuberculosis, as 46% and 49% of the
      respective isolates were grouped into clusters. The results presented
      demonstrate that M. africanum subtype II isolates from Kampala, Uganda,
      belong to two closely related genotypes, which may represent unique
      phylogenetic branches within the M. tuberculosis complex. We conclude that
      M. africanum subtype II is the main cause of human tuberculosis in
      Kampala, Uganda.
AD  - National Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Research Center Borstel,
      Borstel, Germany. sniemann@fz.borstel.de
FAU - Niemann, S
AU  - Niemann S
FAU - Rusch-Gerdes, S
AU  - Rusch-Gerdes S
FAU - Joloba, M L
AU  - Joloba ML
FAU - Whalen, C C
AU  - Whalen CC
FAU - Guwatudde, D
AU  - Guwatudde D
FAU - Ellner, J J
AU  - Ellner JJ
FAU - Eisenach, K
AU  - Eisenach K
FAU - Fumokong, N
AU  - Fumokong N
FAU - Johnson, J L
AU  - Johnson JL
FAU - Aisu, T
AU  - Aisu T
FAU - Mugerwa, R D
AU  - Mugerwa RD
FAU - Okwera, A
AU  - Okwera A
FAU - Schwander, S K
AU  - Schwander SK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
SB  - IM
CIN - J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Mar;41(3):1345-6; author reply 1346-8. PMID:
      12624085
MH  - *Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - DNA Fingerprinting
MH  - DNA Transposable Elements
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mycobacterium/*classification/*genetics
MH  - Oligonucleotides/*analysis
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Uganda/epidemiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3398-405.

PMID- 12202585
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Salmonella
      enterica serovar typhimurium reveals phage-type- specific markers and
      potential for microarray typing.
PG  - 3406-15
AB  - Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was applied to
      46 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates of Australian origin
      comprising nine phage types, by using the restriction enzymes MseI and
      EcoRI and all 16 possible MseI +1-EcoRI +1 primer pair combinations. AFLP
      in the present study showed a very good discrimination power with a
      Simpson index of diversity of 0.98, and 35 different AFLP patterns were
      observed in the 46 isolates. AFLP grouped most serovar Typhimurium
      isolates by phage type and enabled differentiation of phage types.
      Furthermore, 84 phage-type-specific polymorphic AFLP fragments, for which
      presence or absence correlated with phage type (including 25 with one
      exception to phage type specificity) were observed in the 46 strains
      studied. Eighteen phage-type-specific AFLP fragments were cloned and
      sequenced. Fifteen are of known genes or have a homologue in the
      databases. Three sequences are plasmid related, eight are phage related,
      and four relate to chromosomal genes. Twelve of the 18 fragments are
      polymorphic because the DNA is present or absent as indicated by Southern
      hybridization, and we see good potential to use sequences of these
      fragments as the basis for multiplex PCR and development of a
      microarray-based molecular phage-typing method for serovar Typhimurium.
AD  - School of Molecular and Microbial Biosciences, The University of Sydney,
      Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
FAU - Hu, Honghua
AU  - Hu H
FAU - Lan, Ruiting
AU  - Lan R
FAU - Reeves, Peter R
AU  - Reeves PR
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF500153
SI  - GENBANK/AF500154
SI  - GENBANK/AF500155
SI  - GENBANK/AF500156
SI  - GENBANK/AF500157
SI  - GENBANK/AF500158
SI  - GENBANK/AF500159
SI  - GENBANK/AF500160
SI  - GENBANK/AF500161
SI  - GENBANK/AF500162
SI  - GENBANK/AF500163
SI  - GENBANK/AF500164
SI  - GENBANK/AF500165
SI  - GENBANK/AF500166
SI  - GENBANK/AF500167
SI  - GENBANK/AF500168
SI  - GENBANK/AF500169
SI  - GENBANK/AF500170
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease MseI)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - *Bacteriophage Typing
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI
MH  - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific
MH  - *Genetic Markers
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - *Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Salmonella Phages/genetics
MH  - Salmonella typhimurium/*classification/genetics/virology
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2003/01/09 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3406-15.

PMID- 12202586
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparison of lysis filtration and an automated blood culture system
      (BACTEC) for detection, quantification, and identification of odontogenic
      bacteremia in children.
PG  - 3416-20
AB  - Lysis filtration (LyF) was compared with BACTEC PAEDS PLUS in estimating
      the prevalence of, and sensitivity for, detection of odontogenic
      bacteremia. Both real bacteremia and simulated bacteremia (seeded blood or
      saline samples) were assessed to determine the validity of LyF in
      estimating bacteremia. The simulated bacteremia was also used to assess
      the reliability of LyF to estimate intensity of bacteremia in CFU per
      milliliter of blood. Reference organisms were used to assess the abilities
      of LyF and BACTEC to isolate known oral streptococci. There was no
      difference in the number of CFU per milliliter of seeded saline, seeded
      blood, and drop cultures of the organisms plated directly onto agar. Blood
      cell volume had a negligible effect on the yield of organisms for
      simulated bacteremia. When LyF and BACTEC were compared, the time to
      detection of bacteremia was always significantly shorter for BACTEC. For
      aerobic cultures, these times were 43.7 and 9.6 h, respectively (P <
      0.01). For anaerobic cultures, these times were 45.1 and 9.9 h,
      respectively (P < 0.01). These differences occurred as well for bacteremia
      following the extraction of a single tooth, with LyF and BACTEC aerobic
      cultures taking 78 and 30.5 h, respectively (P < 0.0001). For anaerobic
      cultures, the times were 90.8 and 45 h, respectively (P < 0.0004). A
      preextraction bacteremia was detected on 2.1% of occasions with BACTEC
      compared to 31% of occasions with LyF (P < 0.05) The use of LyF was an
      effective and reliable means of estimating the intensity of pre- and
      postextraction bacteremia. The values were 3.6 and 5.9 CFU/ml,
      respectively (P < 0.4729), and the difference was not statistically
      significant. In summary, BACTEC is quicker than LyF, but less sensitive.
      LyF provides additional important information in estimating the intensity
      of bacteremia.
AD  - Department of Oral Medicine, The Eastman Dental Institute for Oral
      Healthcare Sciences, University College London, London WC1X 8LD, United
      Kingdom. v.lucas@eastman.ucl.ac.uk
FAU - Lucas, Victoria S
AU  - Lucas VS
FAU - Lytra, Vasiliki
AU  - Lytra V
FAU - Hassan, Thoraya
AU  - Hassan T
FAU - Tatham, Helen
AU  - Tatham H
FAU - Wilson, M
AU  - Wilson M
FAU - Roberts, Graham J
AU  - Roberts GJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Aerobiosis
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Bacteremia/diagnosis/*microbiology
MH  - Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification
MH  - Blood/*microbiology
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Colony Count, Microbial
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Filtration/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Tooth Extraction/*adverse effects
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3416-20.

PMID- 12202587
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Biological and biochemical characterization of sheep scrapie in Japan.
PG  - 3421-6
AB  - Due to the apparent absence of an agent-specific nucleic acid genome,
      scrapie strains cannot be classified by genome characterization, which is
      commonly used for the classification of many viruses. However, scrapie
      strains can be distinguished to some extent by biological properties such
      as transmissibility to experimental animals and distribution of
      neuropathological lesions and by biochemical properties such as the
      molecular mass and relative protease-resistance of the disease-specific
      isoform of prion protein (PrP(Sc)). In order to preliminarily characterize
      the scrapie strains that are prevalent in Japan, we analyzed the
      transmissibility of sheep scrapie isolates to mice and the relative
      proteinase K (PK) resistance of the corresponding PrP(Sc). The results
      indicate that Japanese scrapie strains can be divided into at least three
      groups based on biological and biochemical properties. The first group
      includes isolates which cause disease in mice with an incubation period of
      approximately 400 days and possess PrP(Sc) with relatively high PK
      resistance. Isolates of the second group contain PrP(Sc) that is highly
      resistant to PK digestion but transmit poorly to mice. The final group
      consists of isolates that cause disease in mice with an incubation period
      of less than 300 days and are associated with PrP(Sc) with reduced PK
      resistance. Sheep scrapie has occurred sporadically in Japan since1982,
      with only approximately 60 officially reported cases so far. However, the
      diversity of scrapie strains in the field suggested by our data raises the
      concern that a scrapie strain similar to the parental agent of bovine
      spongiform encephalopathy could exist or emerge in Japan. Thus, continuous
      surveillance for scrapie will be required to prevent the further spread of
      scrapie, not only among the sheep population but also to other species,
      and to eliminate any potential risk of sheep scrapie to public health.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Public Health, Obihiro University of Agriculture
      and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.
FAU - Horiuchi, Motohiro
AU  - Horiuchi M
FAU - Nemoto, Takuya
AU  - Nemoto T
FAU - Ishiguro, Naotaka
AU  - Ishiguro N
FAU - Furuoka, Hidefumi
AU  - Furuoka H
FAU - Mohri, Shirou
AU  - Mohri S
FAU - Shinagawa, Morikazu
AU  - Shinagawa M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (PrPSc Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.64 (Endopeptidase K)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/metabolism
MH  - Endopeptidase K/*metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Japan/epidemiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred ICR
MH  - PrPSc Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Scrapie/epidemiology/*transmission
MH  - Sheep
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3421-6.

PMID- 12202588
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Actinomyces cardiffensis sp. nov. from human clinical sources.
PG  - 3427-31
AB  - Eight strains of a previously undescribed catalase-negative
      Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered from human clinical specimens.
      The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were
      consistent with their assignment to the genus Actinomyces, but they did
      not appear to correspond to any recognized species. 16S rRNA gene sequence
      analysis showed the organisms represent a hitherto unknown species within
      the genus Actinomyces related to, albeit distinct from, a group of species
      which includes Actinomyces turicensis and close relatives. Based on
      biochemical and molecular genetic evidence, it is proposed that the
      unknown isolates from human clinical sources be classified as a new
      species, Actinomyces cardiffensis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces
      cardiffensis is CCUG 44997(T).
AD  - Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff,
      United Kingdom. hallv@cardiff.ac.uk
FAU - Hall, Val
AU  - Hall V
FAU - Collins, Mattew D
AU  - Collins MD
FAU - Hutson, Roger
AU  - Hutson R
FAU - Falsen, Enevold
AU  - Falsen E
FAU - Duerden, Brian I
AU  - Duerden BI
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AJ421779
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actinomyces/*classification/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Actinomycosis/*microbiology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3427-31.

PMID- 12202589
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Serodiagnosis of imported schistosomiasis by a combination of a commercial
      indirect hemagglutination test with Schistosoma mansoni adult worm
      antigens and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with S. mansoni egg
      antigens.
PG  - 3432-7
AB  - A commercial indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test using erythrocytes
      coated with Schistosoma mansoni adult worm antigens (WA) and an
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with S. mansoni egg antigens
      (SEA) were assessed for their use in serodiagnosis of imported
      schistosomiasis (hereafter these tests are designated WA/IHA and
      SEA/ELISA, respectively). The sensitivity of the tests was evaluated with
      sera from 75 patients with proven S. mansoni infection, 25 with proven S.
      haematobium infection, and 10 with clinical Katayama fever. The
      specificity was assessed with sera from 283 patients with various
      parasitic, bacterial, viral, and fungal infections and sera containing
      autoimmune antibodies. Sensitivities of the WA/IHA with a cutoff titer of
      1:160 (WA/IHA(160)) in detecting S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. mansoni
      and S. haematobium combined, and clinical Katayama fever were 88.0, 80.0,
      86.0, and 70.0%, respectively, with a specificity of 98.9%. The WA/IHA
      with a cutoff of 1:80 (WA/IHA(80)) showed sensitivities of 94.7, 92.0,
      94.0, and 90.0%, respectively, with a specificity of 94.7%. The comparable
      values of SEA/ELISA were 93.3, 92.0, 93.0, and 50.0%, respectively, with a
      specificity of 98.2%. Combined use of ELISA and WA/IHA(80) gave
      sensitivities of 100% for S. mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. mansoni and
      S. haematobium combined and 90% for Katayama fever. The specificity of
      this combination in detecting schistosomiasis was 92.9%. Combination of
      SEA/ELISA with WA/IHA(160) gave sensitivities of 98.7, 96.0, 98.0, and 80%
      with a specificity of 97.2%. Our findings suggest that WA/IHA and
      SEA/ELISA are each sensitive and specific serological tests that are easy
      to use for the diagnosis of imported schistosomiasis. The combined use of
      these two tests enabled the serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis to be
      achieved with very high degrees of both sensitivity and specificity.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical
      Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. T.vanGool@amc.uva.nl
FAU - Van Gool, Tom
AU  - Van Gool T
FAU - Vetter, Hans
AU  - Vetter H
FAU - Vervoort, Tony
AU  - Vervoort T
FAU - Doenhoff, Michael J
AU  - Doenhoff MJ
FAU - Wetsteyn, Jose
AU  - Wetsteyn J
FAU - Overbosch, David
AU  - Overbosch D
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Helminth)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Helminth)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Helminth/*blood
MH  - Antigens, Helminth/*immunology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Hemagglutination Tests
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ovum/immunology
MH  - Parasite Egg Count
MH  - Schistosoma mansoni/*immunology
MH  - Schistosomiasis haematobia/*diagnosis/parasitology
MH  - Schistosomiasis mansoni/*diagnosis/parasitology
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Serologic Tests
MH  - *Travel
MH  - Tropical Climate
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3432-7.

PMID- 12202590
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Taxonomic subgroups of Pasteurella multocida correlate with clinical
      presentation.
PG  - 3438-41
AB  - Pasteurella multocida is a small nonmotile gram-negative coccobacillus
      that is found in the nasopharynx and gastrointestinal tract of many wild
      and domesticated animals. In humans it most commonly causes cellulitis and
      localized superficial skin abscesses following an animal bite or scratch.
      The respiratory tract is the second most common site of infection for
      PASTEURELLA: Of the more than 17 species of Pasteurella known, Pasteurella
      multocida subsp. multocida and Pasteurella multocida subsp. septica are
      among the most common pathogens in humans. With the use of molecular
      techniques, distinction between different subspecies of P. multocida can
      be made more easily and accurately. We used the sequence of the 16S
      ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-PCR
      (REP-PCR) to characterize 20 strains (14 of P. multocida subsp. multocida
      and 6 of P. multocida subsp. septica; the 16S rDNA is identical for P.
      multocida subsp. multocida and Pasteurella multocida subsp. gallicida but
      differs from that of P. multocida subsp. septica) isolated from various
      anatomic sites. We found excellent correlation between the 16S rDNA
      sequence (a marker for a small conserved region of the genome), REP-PCR (a
      marker for a large portion of the genome), and biochemical tests
      (trehalose and sorbitol). We also found a correlation between the clinical
      presentation and the taxonomic group, with P. multocida subsp. septica
      more often associated with wounds than with respiratory infections (67
      versus 17%, respectively) (P < 0.05, Z test) and P. multocida subsp.
      multocida more often associated with respiratory infections than with
      wounds (71 versus 14%, respectively) (P < 0.05, Z test).
AD  - Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine Pathology and
      Laboratory Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston,
      Texas USA.
FAU - Chen, Henry I
AU  - Chen HI
FAU - Hulten, Kristina
AU  - Hulten K
FAU - Clarridge, Jill E 3rd
AU  - Clarridge JE 3rd
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 50-70-4 (Sorbitol)
RN  - 99-20-7 (Trehalose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pasteurella Infections/microbiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Pasteurella multocida/*classification/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid/genetics
MH  - Respiratory Tract Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sorbitol/metabolism
MH  - Trehalose/metabolism
MH  - Wound Infection/*microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3438-41.

PMID- 12202591
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Genotypic diversity of clinical Actinomyces species: phenotype, source,
      and disease correlation among genospecies.
PG  - 3442-8
AB  - We determined the frequency distribution of Actinomyces spp. recovered in
      a routine clinical laboratory and investigated the clinical significance
      of accurate identification to the species level. We identified 92 clinical
      strains of Actinomyces, including 13 strains in the related
      Arcanobacterium-Actinobaculum taxon, by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis
      and recorded their biotypes, sources, and disease associations. The
      clinical isolates clustered into 21 genogroups. Twelve genogroups (74
      strains) correlated with a known species, and nine genogroups (17 strains)
      did not. The individual species had source and disease correlates.
      Actinomyces turicensis was the most frequently isolated species and was
      associated with genitourinary tract specimens, often with other organisms
      and rarely with inflammatory cells. Actinomyces radingae was most often
      associated with serious, chronic soft tissue abscesses of the breast,
      chest, and back. Actinomyces europaeus was associated with skin abscesses
      of the neck and genital areas. Actinomyces lingnae, Actinomyces
      gravenitzii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Actinomyces meyeri were
      isolated from respiratory specimens, while A. odontolyticus-like strains
      were isolated from diverse sources. Several of the species were commonly
      coisolated with a particular bacterium: Actinomyces israelii was the only
      Actinomyces spp. coisolated with Actinobacillus (Haemophilus)
      actinomycetemcomitans; Actinomyces meyeri was coisolated with
      Peptostreptococcus micros and was the only species other than A. israelii
      associated with sulfur granules in histological specimens. Most genogroups
      had consistent biotypes (as determined with the RapID ANA II system);
      however, strains were misidentified, and many codes were not in the
      database. One biotype was common to several genogroups, with all of these
      isolates being identified as A. meyeri. Despite the recent description of
      new Actinomyces spp., 19% of the isolates recovered in our routine
      laboratory belonged to novel genospecies. One novel group with three
      strains, Actinomyces houstonensis sp. nov., was phenotypically similar to
      A. meyeri and A. turicensis but was genotypically closest to Actinomyces
      neuii. A. houstonensis sp. nov. was associated with abscesses. Our data
      documented consistent site and disease associations for 21 genogroups of
      Actinomyces spp. that provide greater insights into appropriate
      treatments. However, we also demonstrated a complexity within the
      Actinomyces genus that compromises the biochemical identification of
      Actinomyces that can be performed in most clinical laboratories. It is our
      hope that this large group of well-defined strains will be used to find a
      simple and accurate biochemical test for differentiation of the species in
      routine laboratories.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Pathology and
      Laboratory Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston,
      Texas, USA. jill.clarridge@med.va.gov
FAU - Clarridge, Jill E 3rd
AU  - Clarridge JE 3rd
FAU - Zhang, Qing
AU  - Zhang Q
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF457638
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actinomyces/*classification/*genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
MH  - Actinomycosis/*microbiology/*physiopathology
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - *Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3442-8.

PMID- 12202592
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Quantitative multiprobe PCR assay for simultaneous detection and
      identification to species level of bacterial pathogens.
PG  - 3449-54
AB  - We describe a novel adaptation of the TaqMan PCR assay which potentially
      allows for highly sensitive detection of any eubacterial species with
      simultaneous species identification. Our system relies on a unique
      multiprobe design in which a single set of highly conserved sequences
      encoded by the 16S rRNA gene serves as the primer pair and is used in
      combination with both an internal highly conserved sequence, the universal
      probe, and an internal variable region, the species-specific probe. A
      pre-PCR ultrafiltration step effectively decontaminates or removes
      background DNA. The TaqMan system described reliabAly detected 14 common
      bacterial species with a detection limit of 50 fg. Further, highly
      sensitive and specific pathogen detection was demonstrated with a
      prototype species-specific probe designed to detect Staphylococcus aureus.
      This assay has broad potential in the clinical arena for rapid and
      specific diagnosis of infectious diseases.
AD  - Department of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of
      Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
FAU - Yang, Samuel
AU  - Yang S
FAU - Lin, Shin
AU  - Lin S
FAU - Kelen, Gabor D
AU  - Kelen GD
FAU - Quinn, Thomas C
AU  - Quinn TC
FAU - Dick, James D
AU  - Dick JD
FAU - Gaydos, Charlotte A
AU  - Gaydos CA
FAU - Rothman, Richard E
AU  - Rothman RE
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF179251
SI  - GENBANK/AF179252
SI  - GENBANK/AF179253
SI  - GENBANK/AF179254
SI  - GENBANK/AF179255
SI  - GENBANK/AF179256
SI  - GENBANK/AF179257
SI  - GENBANK/AF179258
SI  - GENBANK/AF179259
SI  - GENBANK/AF179260
SI  - GENBANK/AF179261
SI  - GENBANK/AF179262
SI  - GENBANK/AF179263
SI  - GENBANK/AF179264
SI  - GENBANK/AF179265
SI  - GENBANK/AF179266
SI  - GENBANK/AF209195
SI  - GENBANK/AF378325
SI  - GENBANK/AF378326
GR  - M01RR00052-39-5(S1)/RR/NCRR
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA Probes)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Taq Polymerase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteria/*classification/*genetics
MH  - Bacterial Infections/*microbiology
MH  - DNA Probes
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Filtration/methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Taq Polymerase
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3449-54.

PMID- 12202593
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Characterization of hepatitis C virus quasispecies by matrix-assisted
      laser desorption ionization-time of flight (mass spectrometry) mutation
      detection.
PG  - 3455-62
AB  - Hepatitis C virus (HCV), the causative agent of hepatitis C, frequently
      causes chronic infection. The mechanisms of viral persistence continue to
      be the object of investigation. An important aspect of HCV chronic
      infection is the quasispecies nature of the viral population, which has
      been particularly well documented in the hypervariable region 1 of the E2
      glycoprotein. Recent studies show that characterization of the
      quasispecies diversity at the amino acid level can help to predict the
      outcome of HCV infection. Currently the accurate characterization of HCV
      quasispecies requires the cloning of PCR products, followed by the
      sequencing of many clones. In this study we present a new method to
      characterize HCV quasispecies, based on in vitro translation of the
      amplicons, followed by mass spectrometry analysis of the resulting peptide
      mix. The assay was used on reference HCV samples and on clinical samples.
      In principle, this method could be applied to other chronic viral
      infections in which quasispecies play a role.
AD  - Divisions of Microbiology. Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital for
      Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
FAU - Ayers, Melissa
AU  - Ayers M
FAU - Siu, Karen
AU  - Siu K
FAU - Roberts, Eve
AU  - Roberts E
FAU - Garvin, Alex M
AU  - Garvin AM
FAU - Tellier, Raymond
AU  - Tellier R
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (HVR1 protein, Hepatitis C virus)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Hepacivirus/*classification/*genetics
MH  - Hepatitis C, Chronic/*virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - *Mutation
MH  - Peptides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Protein Biosynthesis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/*methods
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3455-62.

PMID- 12202594
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Molecular typing of papillomatous digital dermatitis-associated Treponema
      isolates based on analysis of 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer
      regions.
PG  - 3463-9
AB  - Papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD), an emerging infectious disease of
      cattle, is characterized by painful, ulcerative foot lesions. The
      detection of high numbers of invasive spirochetes in PDD lesions suggests
      an important role for these organisms in the pathogenesis of PDD.
      PDD-associated spirochetes have phenotypic characteristics consistent with
      members of the genus TREPONEMA: Partial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence
      analysis of clonal isolates from California cattle showed that they
      comprise three phylotypes which cluster closely with human-associated
      Treponema spp. of the oral cavity (T. denticola and T. medium/T.
      vincentii) or genital area (T. phagedenis). The goal of our study was to
      apply 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) sequence analysis to the
      molecular typing of U.S. PDD-associated Treponema isolates. This
      methodology has potentially greater discriminatory power for
      differentiation of closely related bacteria than 16S rDNA analysis. We PCR
      amplified, cloned, and sequenced the ISRs from six California
      PDD-associated Treponema isolates and, for comparative purposes, one
      strain each of T. denticola, T. medium, T. vincentii, and T. phagedenis.
      Two ISRs that varied in length and composition were present in all the
      PDD-associated Treponema isolates and in T. denticola, T. medium, and T.
      phagedenis. ISR1 contained a tRNA(Ala) gene, while ISR2 contained a
      tRNA(Ile) gene. Only a single ISR (ISR1) was identified in T. vincentii.
      Comparative analyses of the ISR1 and ISR2 sequences indicated that the
      California PDD-associated Treponema isolates comprised three phylotypes,
      in agreement with the results of 16S rDNA analysis. PCR amplification of
      the 16S-tRNA(Ile) region of ISR2 permitted rapid phylotyping of California
      and Iowa PDD-associated Treponema isolates based on product length
      polymorphisms.
AD  - Program in Infectious Diseases, Department of Epidemiology, School of
      Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill,
      North Carolina 27599-7435, USA. lstamm@email.unc.edu
FAU - Stamm, L V
AU  - Stamm LV
FAU - Bergen, H L
AU  - Bergen HL
FAU - Walker, R L
AU  - Walker RL
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal Spacer)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 23S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - California
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cattle Diseases/*microbiology
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal Spacer/*analysis
MH  - Dermatitis/microbiology/*veterinary
MH  - Humans
MH  - Iowa
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 23S/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Treponema/*classification/genetics
MH  - Treponemal Infections/microbiology/veterinary
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3463-9.

PMID- 12202595
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Molecular analysis of the pathogenicity locus and polymorphism in the
      putative negative regulator of toxin production (TcdC) among Clostridium
      difficile clinical isolates.
PG  - 3470-5
AB  - The pathogenicity locus (PaLoc) of Clostridium difficile contains toxin A
      and B genes and three accessory genes, including tcdD and tcdC, which are
      supposed to code for the positive and negative regulators of toxin
      expression, respectively. Different studies have described variations in
      C. difficile toxin A and B genes, but little is known about C. difficile
      variants for the accessory genes. The PaLoc of several C. difficile
      clinical isolates was investigated by three different PCR methods with the
      aim to identify variant strains. Of the toxinogenic C. difficile strains
      examined, 25% showed variations. No correlation between C. difficile
      variant strains and key patient groups was found. Interestingly, all of
      these strains showed a variant tcdC gene. Three different tcdC alleles
      were identified, and one of these had a nonsense mutation which reduced
      the TcdC protein from 232 to 61 amino acids. It is possible that different
      TcdC variants affect toxin production differently, a hypothesis with
      important implications for the pathogenic potential of variant C.
      difficile strains.
AD  - Laboratory of Bacteriology and Medical Mycology, Istituto Superiore di
      Sanita, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Spigaglia, Patrizia
AU  - Spigaglia P
FAU - Mastrantonio, Paola
AU  - Mastrantonio P
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AJ428941
SI  - GENBANK/AJ428942
SI  - GENBANK/AJ428943
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Toxins)
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - 0 (TcdC protein, Clostridium difficile)
RN  - 0 (tcdA protein, Clostridium difficile)
RN  - 0 (toxB protein, Clostridium difficile)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Bacterial Toxins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Clostridium difficile/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity
MH  - Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*microbiology
MH  - Enterotoxins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - *Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Repressor Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
MH  - Virulence/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3470-5.

PMID- 12202596
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Labor and cost requirements of two commercial assays for qualitative
      molecular detection of hepatitis C virus.
PG  - 3476-7
AB  - The Bayer transcription-mediated amplification (TMA) and the Roche PCR
      Amplicor version 2.0 molecular assays for the qualitative detection of
      hepatitis C virus were compared for cost, hands-on time, assay duration,
      and complexity. The TMA assay compares well to PCR and may be especially
      useful for laboratories with large numbers of test requests.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine,
      California, USA.
FAU - Schrijver, Iris
AU  - Schrijver I
FAU - Baron, Ellen Jo
AU  - Baron EJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
SB  - IM
MH  - Costs and Cost Analysis
MH  - Health Manpower
MH  - Hepacivirus/*isolation & purification/physiology
MH  - Hepatitis C/*diagnosis/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/*economics/methods
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/economics
MH  - RNA, Viral/*analysis
MH  - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic/*economics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Viral Load
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3476-7.

PMID- 12202597
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Evaluation of genotype and LiPA MYCOBACTERIA assays for identification of
      Finnish mycobacterial isolates.
PG  - 3478-81
AB  - Two DNA strip assays, INNO-LiPA MYCOBACTERIA and GenoType Mykobakterien,
      were evaluated for identification of 81 Finnish mycobacterial isolates.
      The LiPA assay correctly identified 89.4% of the 66 isolates studied, and
      the GenoType assay identified 95.1% of 81 isolates. The GenoType assay had
      a wider selection of species and less stringent temperature requirements.
AD  - National Public Health Institute. Turku Graduate School of Biomedical
      Sciences Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Turku, Turku,
      Finland.
FAU - Makinen, Johanna
AU  - Makinen J
FAU - Sarkola, Aleksi
AU  - Sarkola A
FAU - Marjamaki, Merja
AU  - Marjamaki M
FAU - Viljanen, Matti K
AU  - Viljanen MK
FAU - Soini, Hanna
AU  - Soini H
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA Probes)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Strips)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - *DNA Probes
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - Finland
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mycobacterium/*classification/genetics
MH  - Mycobacterium Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization/*methods
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - *Reagent Strips
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3478-81.

PMID- 12202598
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Are three sputum acid-fast bacillus smears necessary for discontinuing
      tuberculosis isolation?
PG  - 3482-4
AB  - To evaluate the efficacy of three sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB) smears
      to rule out pulmonary tuberculosis, sputum AFB smear and culture results
      were analyzed at two university-affiliated teaching hospitals. The
      negative predictive value of the smear increased by only 0.2% on days 2
      and 3 each, indicating that in low-prevalence populations, there is
      limited value in requiring three negative sputum AFB smears before
      discontinuing tuberculosis isolation.
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New
      Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
      08901, USA. phillip.mathew@mdsps.com
FAU - Mathew, Philip
AU  - Mathew P
FAU - Kuo, Yen-Hong
AU  - Kuo YH
FAU - Vazirani, Bindu
AU  - Vazirani B
FAU - Eng, Robert H K
AU  - Eng RH
FAU - Weinstein, Melvin P
AU  - Weinstein MP
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Hospitals, Teaching/*standards
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*isolation & purification
MH  - New Jersey
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Sputum/*microbiology
MH  - Staining and Labeling/*methods
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*diagnosis/microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3482-4.

PMID- 12202599
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Direct PCR detection of Burkholderia cepacia complex and identification of
      its genomovars by using sputum as source of DNA.
PG  - 3485-8
AB  - We developed a nested PCR assay that detects the recA gene of the
      Burkholderia cepacia complex in sputum. The product of the first PCR round
      is also used to identify the genomovar of the pathogen. The protocol
      achieves high sensitivity and specificity with simple interpretation of
      genomovar status.
AD  - 2nd Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Medical School of Charles University,
      Prague, Czech Republic. pavel.drevinek@Lfmotol.cuni.cz
FAU - Drevinek, Pavel
AU  - Drevinek P
FAU - Hrbackova, Hana
AU  - Hrbackova H
FAU - Cinek, Ondrej
AU  - Cinek O
FAU - Bartosova, Jana
AU  - Bartosova J
FAU - Nyc, Otakar
AU  - Nyc O
FAU - Nemec, Alexandr
AU  - Nemec A
FAU - Pohunek, Petr
AU  - Pohunek P
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Rec A Recombinases)
SB  - IM
EIN - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Dec;40(12):4806
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Burkholderia Infections/diagnosis/epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Burkholderia cepacia/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cystic Fibrosis/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Czech Republic/epidemiology
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Male
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - Rec A Recombinases/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Sputum/*chemistry
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3485-8.

PMID- 12202600
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Increasing incidence of candidemia: results from a 20-year nationwide
      study in Iceland.
PG  - 3489-92
AB  - A nationwide study on candidemia was conducted in Iceland from 1980 to
      1999. The annual incidence increased from 1.4 cases/100,000
      inhabitants/year between 1980 and 1984 to 4.9 cases/100,000
      inhabitants/year between 1995 and 1999 (P < 0.0001). Candidemia episodes
      at university hospitals increased from 0.15/1,000 admissions to 0.55/1,000
      admissions (P < 0.0001). Candida albicans was the predominant species
      responsible (64.4%). The national import of fluconazole increased
      approximately fourfold during the second half of the study, but increased
      resistance to this agent was not observed.
AD  - University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
FAU - Asmundsdottir, Lena Ros
AU  - Asmundsdottir LR
FAU - Erlendsdottir, Helga
AU  - Erlendsdottir H
FAU - Gottfredsson, Magnus
AU  - Gottfredsson M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Age Distribution
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Blood/microbiology
MH  - Candida/*classification/drug effects/*isolation & purification
MH  - Candida albicans/drug effects/isolation & purification
MH  - Candidiasis/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Fungemia/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Iceland/epidemiology
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Infant
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3489-92.

PMID- 12202601
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Rate of hepatitis B virus infection in pregnant women determined by a
      monoclonal hepatitis B surface antigen immunoassay.
PG  - 3493-6
AB  - The rate of HBsAg in 6,976 B-human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG)-positive
      specimens, as determined by the Auszyme Monoclonal assay (Abbott
      Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill.), was 0.56% (39 of 6,986 repeatedly
      reactive [RR] and confirmed-positive specimens). All RR and confirmed
      specimens were hepatitis B virus positive by at least one additional test,
      yielding an assay specificity of 99.96%. The findings argue against unique
      attributes in the pregnant population that might produce inaccurate assay
      results.
AD  - Hepatitis Business Team, Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories,
      Abbott Park, Illinois 60064, USA.
FAU - Gotstein, Melissa G
AU  - Gotstein MG
FAU - Aide, Paula M
AU  - Aide PM
FAU - Coleman, Paul F
AU  - Coleman PF
FAU - Sanborn, Mark R
AU  - Sanborn MR
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis B Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis B Surface Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/*diagnostic use/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hepatitis B/diagnosis/*epidemiology
MH  - Hepatitis B Antibodies/diagnostic use/immunology
MH  - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/*blood
MH  - Hepatitis B virus/*isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoassay
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis/*epidemiology/virology
MH  - Prenatal Care
MH  - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3493-6.

PMID- 12202602
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Technical improvement to prevent DNA degradation of enteric pathogens in
      pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
PG  - 3497-8
AB  - This study used a modified pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method
      with HEPES as a running buffer to prevent electrophoresis-related DNA
      degradation of nine Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Ohio,
      seven Salmonella serovar Newport, and two enterohemorrhagic Escherichia
      coli (non-O157) strains. All strains yielded identifiable bands with this
      method in contrast to a commonly applied PFGE method using Tris buffer.
AD  - Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, National Public Health Institute,
      Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Koort, Joanna M K
AU  - Koort JM
FAU - Lukinmaa, Susanna
AU  - Lukinmaa S
FAU - Rantala, Marjatta
AU  - Rantala M
FAU - Unkila, Erja
AU  - Unkila E
FAU - Siitonen, Anja
AU  - Siitonen A
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Buffers)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 7365-45-9 (HEPES)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques/*methods
MH  - *Buffers
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/*chemistry
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field/methods
MH  - Escherichia coli/classification/*genetics
MH  - *HEPES
MH  - Humans
MH  - Salmonella enterica/classification/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3497-8.

PMID- 12202603
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Early detection of negative BACTEC MGIT 960 cultures by PCR-reverse
      cross-blot hybridization assay.
PG  - 3499-501
AB  - We evaluated the efficacy of a PCR-reverse cross-blot hybridization assay,
      a test which permits identification of mycobacteria by means of
      species-specific probes and a Mycobacterium-specific probe, for early
      detection of negative BACTEC MGIT 960 mycobacterial cultures. Aliquots of
      549 cultures were collected 7 days after the culture media were inoculated
      with various clinical specimens and tested with the molecular assay. PCR
      results were compared to those obtained at the end times with the BACTEC
      MGIT 960 system. Of the 549 specimens analyzed, 484 were found to be
      negative and 64 were found positive by both methods; one specimen, found
      to be positive by the BACTEC MGIT 960 system, was identified as negative
      by the molecular assay. In view of its high negative predictive value
      (99.8%), the PCR-reverse cross-blot hybridization assay appears to be a
      valid tool for early detection of negative BACTEC MGIT 960 cultures.
AD  - Istituto di Microbiologia, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome,
      Italy.
FAU - Romano, Lucio
AU  - Romano L
FAU - Sanguinetti, Maurizio
AU  - Sanguinetti M
FAU - Posteraro, Brunella
AU  - Posteraro B
FAU - Ardito, Fausta
AU  - Ardito F
FAU - Gesu, Giovanni
AU  - Gesu G
FAU - Schito, Anna Maria
AU  - Schito AM
FAU - Fadda, Giovanni
AU  - Fadda G
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (DNA Probes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacteriological Techniques
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - DNA Probes
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mycobacterium/genetics/*growth & development/*isolation & purification
MH  - Mycobacterium Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization/*methods
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Species Specificity
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3499-501.

PMID- 12202604
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Persistent endemicity of Salmonella bongori 48:z(35):--in Southern Italy:
      molecular characterization of human, animal, and environmental isolates.
PG  - 3502-5
AB  - From 1984 to 1999, we collected 31 isolates of the rare serovar Salmonella
      bongori 48:z(35):- in southern Italy. Twenty-four of the isolates were
      from cases of acute enteritis in humans. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
      analysis showed that all but one of our isolates were at least 80%
      similar. Our findings suggest that genetically related S. bongori
      48:z(35):- strains are endemically circulating in southern Italy.
AD  - Dipartimento di Igiene e Microbiologia G. D'Alessandro, Universita di
      Palermo, I-90127 Palermo, Italy. gmgiamm@libero.it
FAU - Giammanco, Giovanni M
AU  - Giammanco GM
FAU - Pignato, Sarina
AU  - Pignato S
FAU - Mammina, Caterina
AU  - Mammina C
FAU - Grimont, Francine
AU  - Grimont F
FAU - Grimont, Patrick A D
AU  - Grimont PA
FAU - Nastasi, Antonino
AU  - Nastasi A
FAU - Giammanco, Giuseppe
AU  - Giammanco G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - *Endemic Diseases
MH  - Enteritis/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Italy/epidemiology
MH  - Salmonella/classification/genetics/*growth & development/pathogenicity
MH  - Salmonella Infections/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Water Microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3502-5.

PMID- 12202605
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparison of serological detection methods for diagnosis of Ehrlichia
      canis infections in dogs.
PG  - 3506-8
AB  - We determined the value of four serological assays for the diagnosis of
      canine monocytic ehrlichiosis by comparing them to the indirect
      fluorescent-antibody assay "gold standard." The specificity of Dip-S-Ticks
      was significantly lower than that of all of the other tests evaluated. The
      sensitivity of Dip-S-Ticks was significantly higher than that of Snap3Dx
      or the Snap Canine Combo. The sensitivity of the rMAP2 enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was significantly higher than that of the Snap
      Canine Combo. The accuracy levels of the rMAP2 ELISA, Snap3Dx,
      Dip-S-Ticks, and Snap Canine Combo were 97.0, 89.8, 85.1, and 82.9%,
      respectively.
AD  - Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of
      Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA.
FAU - Belanger, Myriam
AU  - Belanger M
FAU - Sorenson, Heather L
AU  - Sorenson HL
FAU - France, Michelle K
AU  - France MK
FAU - Bowie, Michael V
AU  - Bowie MV
FAU - Barbet, Anthony F
AU  - Barbet AF
FAU - Breitschwerdt, Edward B
AU  - Breitschwerdt EB
FAU - Alleman, A Rick
AU  - Alleman AR
LA  - eng
GR  - AI45580-01S1/AI/NIAID
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood
MH  - Antigens, Bacterial/genetics/immunology
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/microbiology
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Ehrlichia/*immunology
MH  - Ehrlichiosis/diagnosis/*veterinary
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/immunology
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Serologic Tests
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3506-8.

PMID- 12202606
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Evaluation of dipstick serologic tests for diagnosis of brucellosis and
      typhoid Fever in egypt.
PG  - 3509-11
AB  - Two dipstick assays for the detection of Brucella- and typhoid-specific
      immunoglobulin M, recently developed by the Royal Tropical Institute of
      The Netherlands, were evaluated by use of 85 plasma samples from Egyptian
      patients. Both dipsticks were simple and accurate rapid diagnostic assays,
      and they can be useful adjuncts for the diagnosis of typhoid fever and
      brucellosis.
AD  - U.S. Medical Research Unit No. 3, Cairo, Egypt.
      IsmailT@namru3.med.navy.mil
FAU - Ismail, Tharwat F
AU  - Ismail TF
FAU - Smits, Henk
AU  - Smits H
FAU - Wasfy, Momtaz O
AU  - Wasfy MO
FAU - Malone, Joseph L
AU  - Malone JL
FAU - Fadeel, Moustafa A
AU  - Fadeel MA
FAU - Mahoney, Frank
AU  - Mahoney F
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Strips)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood
MH  - Brucella/immunology
MH  - Brucellosis/*diagnosis
MH  - Egypt
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - *Reagent Strips
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Salmonella typhi/immunology
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Serologic Tests
MH  - Typhoid Fever/*diagnosis
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3509-11.

PMID- 12202607
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Simple and reliable method for detection and genotyping of hepatitis C
      virus RNA in dried blood spots stored at room temperature.
PG  - 3512-4
AB  - We describe a simple, sensitive, and reproducible method for using whole
      blood collected onto filter paper (dried blood spots) for detection and
      genotyping of hepatitis C virus RNA that can be useful in large field
      studies, particularly in settings where collection, preparation, storage,
      and shipment of samples at controlled temperature can be difficult.
AD  - National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome,
      Italy.
FAU - Solmone, Mariacarmela
AU  - Solmone M
FAU - Girardi, Enrico
AU  - Girardi E
FAU - Costa, Francesco
AU  - Costa F
FAU - Pucillo, Leopoldo
AU  - Pucillo L
FAU - Ippolito, Giuseppe
AU  - Ippolito G
FAU - Capobianchi, Maria R
AU  - Capobianchi MR
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blood Specimen Collection/*methods
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Hepacivirus/*classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Hepatitis C/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - RNA, Viral/*blood
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3512-4.

PMID- 12202608
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Evaluation of a new dot blot enzyme immunoassay (directigen flu A+B) for
      simultaneous and differential detection of influenza a and B virus
      antigens from respiratory samples.
PG  - 3515-7
AB  - We report a prospective evaluation of a new dot blot enzyme immunoassay
      (EIA) method for the direct, rapid, qualitative, simultaneous, and
      differential detection of the influenza A (IA) and B (IB) virus antigen in
      different respiratory samples. The EIA method was compared with the shell
      vial culture system (MDCK cell line) used with the same samples. We
      studied 160 samples from 93 (58.1%) pediatric patients (hospital emergency
      room) and from 67 (41.9%) adult patients (sentinel network).
      Seventy-four(46.2%) samples were considered positive; of them, 46 (62.2%)
      were from pediatric patients and 28 (37.8%) were from an adult group (P <
      0.05), with overall positive values of 49.9% and 41.7%, respectively. All
      74 (100%) of the positive samples were isolated in cell culture versus the
      68.9% that were detected as positive by the new EIA method (P < 0.05). Of
      the 41 samples positive for the IA virus, the EIA detected 34 (82.9%)
      positive samples; of the 33 samples positive for the IB virus, the EIA
      detected 17 (51.5%) positive samples (P < 0.05). No false-positive
      reaction was detected with the EIA method (specificity and positive
      predictive value of 100%). The overall results obtained in the comparison
      between the new EIA and the shell vial culture had a sensibility of 82.9%
      and predictive negative values of 92.4% for the IA virus and 51.5% and
      84.3%, respectively, for the IB virus. This evaluation shows sensitivity
      and specificity percentages for the new EIA method that is acceptable for
      routine use in IA virus detection. The results obtained were worse for IB
      virus detection, but this new EIA method is actually the only one with the
      capacity to differentiate between the two influenza viruses.
AD  - Virology Unit, Clinical Microbiology Service, University Hospital Son
      Dureta (Universitat Illes Balears), 07014 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
      jreina@hsd.es
FAU - Reina, Jordi
AU  - Reina J
FAU - Padilla, Emma
AU  - Padilla E
FAU - Alonso, Fermin
AU  - Alonso F
FAU - Ruiz De Gopegui, Enrique
AU  - Ruiz De Gopegui E
FAU - Munar, Maria
AU  - Munar M
FAU - Mari, Margarita
AU  - Mari M
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antigens, Viral/*analysis
MH  - Child
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoenzyme Techniques/*methods
MH  - Influenza/*virology
MH  - Influenza A Virus, Human/classification/*isolation & purification
MH  - Influenza B virus/classification/*isolation & purification
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Respiratory System/*virology
MH  - Virus Cultivation
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3515-7.

PMID- 12202609
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Molecular characterization confirms the presence of a divergent strain of
      canine coronavirus (UWSMN-1) in Australia.
PG  - 3518-22
AB  - Canine coronavirus (CCV) UWSMN-1 was originally identified from an
      outbreak of fatal gastroenteritis in breeding colonies. In this report, we
      examined whether UWSMN-1 represents a novel divergent strain or is the
      result of recombination events between canine and feline coronavirus
      strains. Sequencing of various regions of the spike and polymerase genes
      confirms that UWSMN-1 is widely divergent from other CCV and feline
      coronavirus strains. These data raise the possibility that this strain is
      the first member of a novel third subtype of CCV.
AD  - School of Science, Food and Horticulture, University of Western Sydney,
      Penrith South DC, New South Wales, Australia. m.naylor@garvan.org.au
FAU - Naylor, Matthew J
AU  - Naylor MJ
FAU - Walia, Charanjiv S
AU  - Walia CS
FAU - McOrist, Steven
AU  - McOrist S
FAU - Lehrbach, Philip R
AU  - Lehrbach PR
FAU - Deane, Elizabeth M
AU  - Deane EM
FAU - Harrison, Gavan A
AU  - Harrison GA
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF516906
SI  - GENBANK/AF516907
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 107476-75-5 (spike glycoprotein, coronavirus)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Australia
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Coronavirus Infections/*veterinary/virology
MH  - Coronavirus, Canine/*classification/*genetics
MH  - Dog Diseases/*virology
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Genes, pol/*genetics
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3518-22.

PMID- 12202610
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Prevalence of blood-borne infectious diseases in blood donors in Ghana.
PG  - 3523-5
AB  - Transfusion-transmissible infections among 808 blood donors in Ghana were
      investigated in 1999. Antibody seroprevalences of 3.8, 0.7, 8.4, and
      13.5%, respectively, for human immunodeficiency virus, human T-cell
      lymphotrophic virus type 1, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema
      pallidum were obtained. The seroprevalence of HCV infection was confirmed
      to be 0.9% after supplementary testing, and the transfusion risk potential
      of these pathogens was demonstrated.
AD  - Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana,
      Legon. wampofo@noguchi.mimcom.net
FAU - Ampofo, William
AU  - Ampofo W
FAU - Nii-Trebi, Nicholas
AU  - Nii-Trebi N
FAU - Ansah, Justina
AU  - Ansah J
FAU - Abe, Kenji
AU  - Abe K
FAU - Naito, Hideo
AU  - Naito H
FAU - Aidoo, Simeon
AU  - Aidoo S
FAU - Nuvor, Victor
AU  - Nuvor V
FAU - Brandful, James
AU  - Brandful J
FAU - Yamamoto, Naoki
AU  - Yamamoto N
FAU - Ofori-Adjei, David
AU  - Ofori-Adjei D
FAU - Ishikawa, Koichi
AU  - Ishikawa K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - *Blood Donors
MH  - Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects
MH  - Ghana/epidemiology
MH  - HIV/immunology
MH  - Hepacivirus/immunology
MH  - Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Syphilis/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Treponema pallidum/immunology
MH  - Virus Diseases/*epidemiology/virology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3523-5.

PMID- 12202611
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Evaluation of a novel commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
      detecting Coxiella burnetii-specific immunoglobulin G for Q fever
      prevaccination screening and diagnosis.
PG  - 3526-9
AB  - A novel commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      for prevaccination screening and diagnosis of Q fever (PanBio Coxiella
      burnetii immunoglobulin G [IgG] ELISA) was compared to the complement
      fixation test (CFT), and the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) was
      used to resolve discrepant results between the other two tests. A total of
      214 serum samples was tested. The ELISA demonstrated a specificity of 96%
      (46 of 48 samples) and a sensitivity of 71% (95 of 134 samples). Of the
      six serum pairs showing CFT seroconversion, three pairs showed a
      corresponding ELISA seroconversion. No cross-reactivity was observed in
      the ELISA with serum samples from patients with mycoplasma, brucella, and
      chlamydia infections. One of the 13 patients with leptospirosis
      demonstrated a positive result in the ELISA but not in the CFT or the
      IFAT, and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 4 antibody was found in one of
      the two sera that were false-positive by ELISA. The results presented in
      this study suggest that the PanBio Q fever IgG ELISA is a specific
      alternative method for prevaccination testing and an aid for the diagnosis
      of Q fever. This test is suitable for use as a screening assay, with CFT
      and/or IFAT used to confirm negative results.
AD  - Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services,
      Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital,
      Westmead, Queensland, Australia.
FAU - Field, Peter R
AU  - Field PR
FAU - Santiago, Avelina
AU  - Santiago A
FAU - Chan, Sau-Wan
AU  - Chan SW
FAU - Patel, Dhara B
AU  - Patel DB
FAU - Dickeson, David
AU  - Dickeson D
FAU - Mitchell, Jody L
AU  - Mitchell JL
FAU - Devine, Peter L
AU  - Devine PL
FAU - Murphy, Alan M
AU  - Murphy AM
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
MH  - *Antibody Specificity
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Complement Fixation Tests
MH  - Coxiella burnetii/*immunology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/*blood
MH  - *Mass Screening
MH  - Q Fever/*diagnosis
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Vaccination
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3526-9.

PMID- 12202612
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - A pilot with pain in his leg: thigh abscess caused by Salmonella enterica
      serotype Brandenburg.
PG  - 3530-1
AB  - Salmonella enterica serotype Brandenburg is one of the more uncommon
      serotypes isolated from patients with gastroenteritis. Few cases of
      extraintestinal infections with serotype Brandenburg have been documented.
      The first case of a serotype Brandenburg-dependent thigh abscess
      originating from an atherosclerotic pseudoaneurysm of the femoral artery
      is reported.
AD  - Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Malmo, Lund
      University, S-205 02 Malmo, Sweden.
FAU - Bjorkman, Per
AU  - Bjorkman P
FAU - Nilsson, Anna
AU  - Nilsson A
FAU - Riesbeck, Kristian
AU  - Riesbeck K
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
SB  - IM
MH  - Abscess/*microbiology
MH  - Aircraft
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leg/pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Pain/*pathology
MH  - Salmonella Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Salmonella enterica/classification/*isolation & purification
MH  - Serotyping
MH  - *Thigh
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3530-1.

PMID- 12202613
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Isolation of Nocardia paucivorans from the cerebrospinal fluid of a
      patient with relapse of cerebral nocardiosis.
PG  - 3532-4
AB  - Nocardia paucivorans represents a new species of the genus Nocardia that
      has recently been isolated from bronchial secretions of a patient with
      chronic lung disease. Here, we report on the course of a disseminated
      infection caused by this species: i.e., cerebral and subsequent meningeal
      manifestations, isolation from the cerebrospinal fluid, and in vitro
      susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents.
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology of Infection, Benjamin
      Franklin Medical Center, Freie Universitat Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany.
      martin.eisenblaetter@ukbf.fu.berlin.de
FAU - Eisenblatter, M
AU  - Eisenblatter M
FAU - Disko, U
AU  - Disko U
FAU - Stoltenburg-Didinger, G
AU  - Stoltenburg-Didinger G
FAU - Scherubl, H
AU  - Scherubl H
FAU - Schaal, K P
AU  - Schaal KP
FAU - Roth, A
AU  - Roth A
FAU - Ignatius, R
AU  - Ignatius R
FAU - Zeitz, M
AU  - Zeitz M
FAU - Hahn, H
AU  - Hahn H
FAU - Wagner, J
AU  - Wagner J
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
SB  - IM
MH  - Brain Abscess/*microbiology
MH  - Cerebrospinal Fluid/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nocardia/classification/*isolation & purification
MH  - Nocardia Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Recurrence
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3532-4.

PMID- 12202614
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - First report on Schizophyllum commune from a dog.
PG  - 3535-7
AB  - This report describes the first isolation of Schizophyllum commune from a
      granulomatous lesion on the neck of a dog. The biopsy specimen from the
      lesion disclosed granulomatous inflammation with branching fungal hyphae
      without clamp connections. The clinical isolate was identified as S.
      commune by mycological examination and analysis of ribosomal DNA
      sequences.
AD  - Department of Pathobiology, Nihon University School of Veterinary
      Medicine, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Japan. kano@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp
FAU - Kano, Rui
AU  - Kano R
FAU - Oomae, Syougo
AU  - Oomae S
FAU - Nakano, Yasuhiro
AU  - Nakano Y
FAU - Minami, Takeo
AU  - Minami T
FAU - Sukikara, Michio
AU  - Sukikara M
FAU - Nakayama, Takao
AU  - Nakayama T
FAU - Hasegawa, Atsuhiko
AU  - Hasegawa A
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AB080723
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal)
RN  - 130527-23-0 (RNA, ribosomal, 25S)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - DNA, Ribosomal/analysis
MH  - Dog Diseases/*microbiology
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mycological Typing Techniques
MH  - Mycoses/microbiology/*veterinary
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics
MH  - Schizophyllum/classification/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3535-7.

PMID- 12202615
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Disseminated infection due to Blastobacter denitrificans following routine
      appendectomy in an adolescent.
PG  - 3538-9
AB  - Until now, Blastobacter denitrificans has not been mentioned in the
      context of human infections. A case of severe complication caused by B.
      denitrificans after routine appendectomy in a young girl is described and
      confirms this organism to be an opportunistic human pathogen.
AD  - Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of General Pediatrics and
      Neonatology, Otto von Guericke University, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
FAU - Trotha, Rene
AU  - Trotha R
FAU - Guenther, Gudrun
AU  - Guenther G
FAU - Konig, Wolfgang
AU  - Konig W
FAU - Konig, Brigitte
AU  - Konig B
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
SB  - IM
MH  - Alphaproteobacteria/*isolation & purification
MH  - Appendectomy/*adverse effects
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Opportunistic Infections/*microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3538-9.

PMID- 12202616
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains among classical
      enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O serogroups.
PG  - 3540-1
FAU - Elias, Waldir P
AU  - Elias WP
FAU - Barros, Samar F
AU  - Barros SF
FAU - Moreira, Cristiano G
AU  - Moreira CG
FAU - Trabulsi, Luiz R
AU  - Trabulsi LR
FAU - Gomes, Tania A T
AU  - Gomes TA
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Bacterial Adhesion
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Epithelial Cells
MH  - Escherichia coli/*classification/genetics/*pathogenicity
MH  - Escherichia coli Infections/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Serotyping
MH  - Virulence
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3540-1.

PMID- 12202617
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Importance of testing stool specimens for Shiga toxins.
PG  - 3542-3
FAU - Park, C H
AU  - Park CH
FAU - Kim, H J
AU  - Kim HJ
FAU - Hixon, D L
AU  - Hixon DL
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Shiga-Like Toxin I)
RN  - 0 (Shiga-Like Toxin II)
SB  - IM
EIN - J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Jan;41(1):526.
MH  - Bacteriological Techniques
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Escherichia coli/*classification/isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Escherichia coli Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/microbiology
MH  - Escherichia coli O157/classification/*isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Feces/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Serotyping
MH  - Shiga-Like Toxin I/*biosynthesis
MH  - Shiga-Like Toxin II/*biosynthesis
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3542-3.

PMID- 12202618
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Acrophialophora fusispora misidentified as Scedosporium prolificans.
PG  - 3544; author reply 3545
FAU - Guarro, Josep
AU  - Guarro J
FAU - Gene, Josepa
AU  - Gene J
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Comment
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
SB  - IM
CON - J Clin Microbiol. 2001 Dec;39(12):4579-82. PMID: 11724890
MH  - Contact Lenses/adverse effects
MH  - *Diagnostic Errors
MH  - Humans
MH  - Keratitis/*diagnosis/microbiology
MH  - Mitosporic Fungi/*classification/isolation & purification
MH  - Mycoses/microbiology
MH  - Scedosporium/*classification/isolation & purification
MH  - Uveitis/*diagnosis/microbiology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3544; author reply 3545.

PMID- 12202619
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021114
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0095-1137
VI  - 40
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis can yield DNA fingerprints of
      degradation-susceptible Clostridium difficile strains.
PG  - 3546-7; author reply 3547
FAU - Fawley, Warren N
AU  - Fawley WN
FAU - Wilcox, Mark H
AU  - Wilcox MH
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - J Clin Microbiol
JID - 7505564
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
CON - J Clin Microbiol. 2002 Jan;40(1):101-4. PMID: 11773100
MH  - Bacterial Typing Techniques
MH  - Clostridium difficile/*classification/*genetics
MH  - DNA Fingerprinting/*methods
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/*metabolism
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/*microbiology
MH  - Humans
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Clin Microbiol 2002 Sep;40(9):3546-7; author reply 3547.

PMID- 12202748
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Novel domains and orthologues of eukaryotic transcription elongation
      factors.
PG  - 3643-52
AB  - The passage of RNA polymerase II across eukaryotic genes is impeded by the
      nucleosome, an octamer of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 dimers. More than a
      dozen factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are known to
      facilitate transcription elongation through chromatin. In order to better
      understand the evolution and function of these factors, their sequences
      have been compared with known protein, EST and DNA sequences. Elongator
      subcomplex components Elp4p and Elp6p are shown to be homologues of
      ATPases, yet with substitutions of amino acids critical for ATP
      hydrolysis, and novel orthologues of Elp5p are detectable in human, and
      other animal, sequences. The yeast CP complex is shown to contain a likely
      inactive homologue of M24 family metalloproteases in Spt16p/Cdc68p and a
      2-fold repeat in Pob3p, the orthologue of mammalian SSRP1. Archaeal
      DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit E" is shown to be the orthologue of
      eukaryotic Spt4p, and Spt5p and prokaryotic NusG are shown to contain a
      novel 'NGN' domain. Spt6p is found to contain a domain homologous to the
      YqgF family of RNases, although this domain may also lack catalytic
      activity. These findings imply that much of the transcription elongation
      machinery of eukaryotes has been acquired subsequent to their divergence
      from prokaryotes.
AD  - MRC Functional Genetics Unit, Department of Human Anatomy and Genetics,
      University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
      chris.ponting@anat.ox.ac.uk
FAU - Ponting, Chris P
AU  - Ponting CP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Archaeal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Archaeal Proteins/genetics
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Databases, Protein
MH  - Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Transcription Factors/*genetics
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3643-52.

PMID- 12202749
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Displacement of DNA-PKcs from DNA ends by the Werner syndrome protein.
PG  - 3653-61
AB  - The DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex, which is composed of a
      DNA-dependent kinase subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the Ku70/80 heterodimer, is
      involved in DNA double-strand break repair by non-homologous end joining
      (NHEJ). Ku70/80 interacts with the Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and
      stimulates WRN exonuclease activity. To investigate a possible function of
      WRN in NHEJ, we have examined the relationship between DNA-PKcs, Ku and
      WRN. First, we showed that WRN forms a complex with DNA-PKcs and Ku in
      solution. Next, we determined whether this complex assembles on DNA ends.
      Interestingly, the addition of WRN to a Ku:DNA-PKcs:DNA complex results in
      the displacement of DNA-PKcs from the DNA, indicating that the triple
      complex WRN:Ku:DNA-PKcs cannot form on DNA ends. The displacement of
      DNA-PKcs from DNA requires the N- and C-terminal regions of WRN, both of
      which make direct contact with the Ku70/80 heterodimer. Moreover,
      exonuclease assays indicate that DNA-PKcs does not protect DNA from the
      nucleolytic action of WRN. These results suggest that WRN may influence
      the mechanism by which DNA ends are processed.
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of
      Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 509,
      Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
FAU - Li, Baomin
AU  - Li B
FAU - Comai, Lucio
AU  - Comai L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ku autoantigen)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (XRCC5 protein, human)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (DNA-activated protein kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Exonucleases)
RN  - EC 5.99.- (DNA Helicases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Antigens, Nuclear
MH  - DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *DNA Helicases
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Dimerization
MH  - Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
MH  - Exonucleases/metabolism
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3653-61.

PMID- 12202750
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Predicted structure and phyletic distribution of the RNA-binding protein
      Hfq.
PG  - 3662-71
AB  - Hfq, a bacterial RNA-binding protein, was recently shown to contain the
      Sm1 motif, a characteristic of Sm and LSm proteins that function in RNA
      processing events in archaea and eukaryotes. In this report, comparative
      structural modeling was used to predict a three-dimensional structure of
      the Hfq core sequence. The predicted structure aligns with most major
      features of the Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum LSm protein
      structure. Conserved residues in Hfq are positioned at the same structural
      locations responsible for subunit assembly and RNA interaction in Sm
      proteins. A highly conserved portion of Hfq assumes a structural fold
      similar to the Sm2 motif of Sm proteins. The evolution of the Hfq protein
      was explored by conducting a BLAST search of microbial genomes followed by
      phylogenetic analysis. Approximately half of the 140 complete or nearly
      complete genomes examined contain at least one gene coding for Hfq. The
      presence or absence of Hfq closely followed major bacterial clades. It is
      absent from high-level clades and present in the ancient
      Thermotogales-Aquificales clade and all proteobacteria except for those
      that have undergone major reduction in genome size. Residues at three
      positions in Hfq form signatures for the beta/gamma proteobacteria, alpha
      proteobacteria and low GC Gram-positive bacteria groups.
AD  - School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332,
      USA.
FAU - Sun, Xueguang
AU  - Sun X
FAU - Zhulin, Igor
AU  - Zhulin I
FAU - Wartell, Roger M
AU  - Wartell RM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Host Factor 1 Protein)
RN  - 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (Sm antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Bacteria/classification/*genetics
MH  - Databases, Protein
MH  - Escherichia coli/genetics
MH  - Genome, Bacterial
MH  - Host Factor 1 Protein/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Phylogeny
MH  - Protein Conformation
MH  - Protein Structure, Secondary
MH  - RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3662-71.

PMID- 12202751
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20050317
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Distinct domains in the CArG-box binding factor A destabilize tetraplex
      forms of the fragile X expanded sequence d(CGG)n.
PG  - 3672-81
AB  - Formation of hairpin or tetraplex structures of the FMR1 gene d(CGG)n
      sequence triggers its expansion, setting off fragile X syndrome. In
      searching for proteins that destabilize d(CGG)n secondary structures we
      purified from rat liver quadruplex telomeric DNA binding protein 42
      (qTBP42) that disrupts G'2 bimolecular tetraplex d(CGG)n while
      paradoxically stabilizing the G'2 structure of the telomeric sequence
      d(TTAGGG)n. Based on peptide sequence homology of qTBP42 and mouse
      CArG-box binding factor A (CBF-A), we provide direct evidence that
      recombinant CBF-A protein is physically and immunochemically
      indistinguishable from qTBP42 and that it too destabilizes G'2 d(CGG)n
      while stabilizing G'2 d(TTAGGG)n. We inquired whether CBF-A employs the
      same or different domains to differentially interact with G'2 d(CGG)n and
      G'2 d(TTAGGG)n. Mutant CBF-A proteins that lack each or combinations of
      its five conserved motifs: RNP1(1), RNP1(2), RNP2(1), RNP2(2) and
      ATP/GTP-binding box were tested for their G'2 d(CGG)n destabilization and
      G'2 d(TTAGGG)n stabilization activities. We find that either RNP1(1) or
      the ATP/GTP motifs are necessary and sufficient for G'2 d(CGG)n
      destabilization whereas RNP2(1) suppresses destabilization by either one
      of these two motifs. Neither RNP1(1) nor the ATP/GTP motif are required
      for G'2 d(TTAGGG)n stabilization. Hence, CBF-A employs different domains
      to destabilize G'2 d(CGG)n or stabilize G'2 d(TTAGGG)n.
AD  - Unit of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel
      Institute of Technology, PO Box 9649, Haifa 31096, Israel.
FAU - Weisman-Shomer, Pnina
AU  - Weisman-Shomer P
FAU - Cohen, Esther
AU  - Cohen E
FAU - Fry, Michael
AU  - Fry M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B)
RN  - 0 (Hnrpab protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Immune Sera)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - 0 (quadruplex DNA)
RN  - 139135-51-6 (fragile X mental retardation protein)
RN  - 148710-92-3 (Hnrpab protein, mouse)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - DNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Heat
MH  - *Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B
MH  - Immune Sera/immunology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - *RNA-Binding Proteins
MH  - Rats
MH  - Repressor Proteins/genetics/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Trinucleotide Repeats/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3672-81.

PMID- 12202752
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Drosophila melanogaster RECQ5/QE DNA helicase: stimulation by GTP binding.
PG  - 3682-91
AB  - The Drosophila melanogaster RECQ5/QE gene encodes a member of the DNA
      helicase family comprising the Escherichia coli RecQ protein and products
      of the human Bloom's, Werner's, and Rothmund-Thomson syndrome genes. The
      full-length product of RECQ5/QE was expressed in the baculovirus system
      and was purified. Gel filtration experiments indicated that RECQ5/QE was
      present in an oligomeric state. The RECQ5/QE protein hydrolyzed ATP and
      even more actively GTP in the presence of single-stranded DNA. ATP drove
      the DNA helicase activity of RECQ5/QE, whereas GTP had little effect. GTP
      exhibited a stimulatory effect on DNA unwinding when it was used together
      with ATP. This effect was more apparent with non-hydrolyzable GTP analogs,
      such as GTPgammaS and GMPPNP. These results indicate that GTP binding to
      RECQ5/QE triggers its DNA helicase activity. GTP binding increased the
      rate of strand separation without affecting the S(0.5) (K(m)) values for
      the substrates during the DNA helicase reaction. The data collectively
      suggest that the RECQ5/QE protein is activated upon GTP binding through
      the ATP-binding site.
AD  - Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of
      Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198,
      Japan.
FAU - Kawasaki, Katsumi
AU  - Kawasaki K
FAU - Maruyama, Sayako
AU  - Maruyama S
FAU - Nakayama, Minoru
AU  - Nakayama M
FAU - Matsumoto, Kohji
AU  - Matsumoto K
FAU - Shibata, Takehiko
AU  - Shibata T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA, Single-Stranded)
RN  - 0 (Drosophila Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate)
RN  - 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (GTP Phosphohydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosinetriphosphatase)
RN  - EC 5.99.- (DNA Helicases)
RN  - EC 5.99.- (RecQ5 helicase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Adenosinetriphosphatase/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA Helicases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism
MH  - Dimerization
MH  - Drosophila Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
MH  - Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3682-91.

PMID- 12202753
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - The switch region on Leishmania major chromosome 1 is not required for
      mitotic stability or gene expression, but appears to be essential.
PG  - 3692-7
AB  - The Leishmania genome project reference strain, Leishmania major Friedlin,
      is trisomic for chromosome 1. The complete sequence of this chromosome has
      revealed that the genes are grouped into two large clusters of the
      polycistronic type, each borne by one DNA strand and located on each side
      of a 1.6-kb sequence often termed the switch region. Several hypotheses
      concerning the role of this switch region have been put forward (region of
      initiation of transcription for both gene clusters, origin of replication
      or centromeric sequence). In the present study, we have deleted this
      region on the three copies of chromosome 1 by sequential targeted
      replacements. The absence of the switch region did not alter the mitotic
      stability of the three deleted chromosomes. This region therefore does not
      appear necessary for chromosomal replication or segregation. However,
      during the third targeting round, which aimed at knocking out the last
      switch region, a fourth copy of chromosome 1 that retained this region
      appeared in all clones analysed. This suggests that the persistence of
      this switch region is necessary for parasite survival. We then showed that
      the presence/absence of the switch region did not act upon the expression
      of a resistance marker gene inserted beforehand into the left gene cluster
      of the same chromosomal molecule. This result suggests that the presence
      of this 1.6-kb sequence is not necessary for the expression of all genes
      on chromosome 1.
AD  - CNRS UMR5093 'Genome et Biologie Moleculaire des Protozoaires Parasites',
      Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Faculte de Medecine, 163 Rue
      Auguste Broussonet, F-34090 Montpellier, France.
FAU - Dubessay, Pascal
AU  - Dubessay P
FAU - Ravel, Christophe
AU  - Ravel C
FAU - Bastien, Patrick
AU  - Bastien P
FAU - Crobu, Lucien
AU  - Crobu L
FAU - Dedet, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Dedet JP
FAU - Pages, Michel
AU  - Pages M
FAU - Blaineau, Christine
AU  - Blaineau C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA, Protozoan)
RN  - EC 3.1.21 (DNA Restriction Enzymes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromosome Deletion
MH  - Chromosomes/*genetics
MH  - DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Protozoan/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Drug Resistance/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation
MH  - Leishmania major/*genetics
MH  - Mitosis/*genetics
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3692-7.

PMID- 12202754
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - DNA double-strand break-induced phosphorylation of Drosophila histone
      variant H2Av helps prevent radiation-induced apoptosis.
PG  - 3698-705
AB  - The response of eukaryotic cells to the formation of a double-strand break
      (DSB) in chromosomal DNA is highly conserved. One of the earliest
      responses to DSB formation is phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail of
      H2A histones located in nucleosomes near the break. Histone variant H2AX
      and core histone H2A are phosphorylated in mammals and budding yeast,
      respectively. We demonstrate the DSB-induced phosphorylation of histone
      variant H2Av in Drosophila melanogaster. H2Av is a member of the H2AZ
      family of histone variants. Ser137 within an SQ motif located near the C-
      terminus of H2Av was phosphorylated in response to gamma-irradiation in
      both tissue culture cells and larvae. Phosphorylation was detected within
      1 min of irradiation and detectable after only 0.3 Gy of radiation
      exposure. Photochemically induced DSBs, but not general oxidative damage
      or UV-induced nicking of DNA, caused H2Av phosphorylation, suggesting that
      phosphorylation is DSB specific. Imaginal disc cells from Drosophila
      expressing a mutant allele of H2Av with its C-terminal tail deleted, and
      therefore unable to be phosphorylated, were more sensitive to
      radiation-induced apoptosis than were wildtype controls, suggesting that
      phosphorylation of H2Av is important for repair of radiation-induced DSBs.
      These observations suggest that in addition to providing the function of
      an H2AZ histone, H2Av is also the functional homolog in Drosophila of
      H2AX.
AD  - Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, State University of
      New York, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA.
FAU - Madigan, James P
AU  - Madigan JP
FAU - Chotkowski, Heather L
AU  - Chotkowski HL
FAU - Glaser, Robert L
AU  - Glaser RL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Histones)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/genetics/*radiation effects
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *DNA Damage
MH  - DNA Repair
MH  - Drosophila/*genetics/metabolism/radiation effects
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Histones/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Larva/cytology/genetics/radiation effects
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3698-705.

PMID- 12202755
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Partial reconstitution of human RNase P in HeLa cells between its RNA
      subunit with an affinity tag and the intact protein components.
PG  - 3706-11
AB  - An RNA affinity tag was incorporated into the RNA subunit of human nuclear
      RNase P. The tagged RNA assembled with the protein components of RNase P
      inside HeLa cells to generate an active enzyme. Because of the specificity
      of the RNA tag to streptavidin, the reconstituted complex could be
      separated from the native enzyme and other ribonucleoproteins
      (particularly RNase MRP) by streptavidin agarose chromatography and could
      be recovered by the eluting agent, biotin. A mutant, tagged RNase P RNA,
      whose P3 domain was partially replaced, could not reconstitute with the
      proteins to yield an active enzyme. The P3 domain, therefore, is critical
      for the structure and function of RNase P.
AD  - Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale
      University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
FAU - Li, Yong
AU  - Li Y
FAU - Altman, Sidney
AU  - Altman S
LA  - eng
GR  - GM19422/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Affinity Labels)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Catalytic)
RN  - 0 (Ribonucleoproteins)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - 9013-20-1 (Streptavidin)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Endoribonucleases)
RN  - EC 3.1.26.5 (RPP14 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.1.26.5 (Ribonuclease P)
SB  - IM
MH  - Affinity Labels/*chemistry
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Chromatography, Agarose/methods
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Endoribonucleases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - RNA/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Ribonuclease P
MH  - Ribonucleoproteins/*metabolism
MH  - Streptavidin/chemistry
MH  - Transfection
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3706-11.

PMID- 12202756
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Antiproliferative effect in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells by antisense
      peptide nucleic acids.
PG  - 3712-21
AB  - Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic DNA analogue that is resistant
      to nucleases and proteases and binds with exceptional affinity to RNA.
      Because of these properties PNA has the potential to become a powerful
      therapeutic agent to be used in vivo. Until now, however, the use of PNA
      in vivo has not been much investigated. Here, we have attempted to reduce
      the expression of the bcr/abl oncogene in chronic myeloid leukaemia KYO-1
      cells using a 13mer PNA sequence (asPNA) designed to hybridise to the b2a2
      junction of bcr/abl mRNA. To enhance cellular uptake asPNA was covalently
      linked to the basic peptide VKRKKKP (NLS-asPNA). Moreover, to investigate
      the cellular uptake by confocal microscopy, both PNAs were linked by their
      N-terminus to fluorescein (FL). Studies of uptake, carried out at 4 and 37
      degrees C on living KYO-1 cells stained with hexidium iodide, showed that
      both NLS-asPNA-FL and asPNA-FL were taken up by the cells, through a
      receptor-independent mechanism. The intracellular amount of NLS-asPNA-FL
      was about two to three times higher than that of asPNA-FL. Using a
      semi-quantitative RT- PCR technique we found that 10 micro M asPNA and
      NLS-asPNA reduced the level of b2a2 mRNA in KYO-1 cells to 20 +/- 5% and
      60 +/- 10% of the control, respectively. Western blot analysis showed that
      asPNA promoted a significant inhibition of p210(BCR/ABL) protein: residual
      protein measured in cells exposed for 48 h to asPNA was approximately 35%
      of the control. Additionally, asPNA impaired cell growth to 50 +/- 5% of
      the control and inhibited completion of the cell cycle. In summary, these
      results demonstrate that a PNA 13mer is taken up by KYO-1 cells and is
      capable of producing a significant and specific down-regulation of the
      bcr/abl oncogene involved in leukaemogenesis.
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine,
      University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
FAU - Rapozzi, Valentina
AU  - Rapozzi V
FAU - Burm, Brigitte E A
AU  - Burm BE
FAU - Cogoi, Susanna
AU  - Cogoi S
FAU - van der Marel, Gijs A
AU  - van der Marel GA
FAU - van Boom, Jacques H
AU  - van Boom JH
FAU - Quadrifoglio, Franco
AU  - Quadrifoglio F
FAU - Xodo, Luigi E
AU  - Xodo LE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Antisense)
RN  - 0 (Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Localization Signal)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Nucleic Acids)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 2321-07-5 (Fluorescein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Apoptosis/drug effects
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Cycle/drug effects
MH  - Cell Division/drug effects
MH  - DNA, Antisense/chemistry/genetics/*pharmacology
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Fluorescein/chemistry
MH  - Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - K562 Cells
MH  - Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic/*drug therapy/genetics/pathology
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nuclear Localization Signal/genetics
MH  - Peptide Nucleic Acids/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/drug effects/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3712-21.

PMID- 12202757
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Polyamine structural effects on the induction and stabilization of liquid
      crystalline DNA: potential applications to DNA packaging, gene therapy and
      polyamine therapeutics.
PG  - 3722-31
AB  - DNA undergoes condensation, conformational transitions, aggregation and
      resolubilization in the presence of polyamines, positively charged organic
      molecules present in all cells. Under carefully controlled environmental
      conditions, DNA can also transform to a liquid crystalline state in vitro.
      We undertook the present work to examine the ability of spermidine,
      N4-methylspermidine, spermine, N1-acetylspermine and a group of tetramine,
      pentamine and hexamine analogs of spermine to induce and stabilize liquid
      crystalline DNA. Liquid crystalline textures were identified under a
      polarizing microscope. In the absence of polyamines, calf thymus DNA
      assumed a diffused, planar cholesteric phase with entrapped bubbles when
      incubated on a glass slide at 37 degrees C. In the presence of spermidine
      and spermine, the characteristic fingerprint textures of the cholesteric
      phase, adopting a hexagonal order, were obtained. The helical pitch was
      2.5 micro m. The final structures were dendrimeric and crystalline when
      DNA was treated with spermine homologs and bis(ethyl) derivatives. A
      cholesteric structure was observed when DNA was treated with a hexamine at
      37 degrees C. This structure changed to a hexagonal dendrimer with
      fluidity on prolonged incubation. These data show a structural specificity
      effect of polyamines on liquid crystalline phase transitions of DNA and
      suggest a possible physiological function of natural polyamines.
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New
      Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
FAU - Saminathan, M
AU  - Saminathan M
FAU - Thomas, Thresia
AU  - Thomas T
FAU - Shirahata, Akira
AU  - Shirahata A
FAU - Pillai, C K S
AU  - Pillai CK
FAU - Thomas, T J
AU  - Thomas TJ
LA  - eng
GR  - CA42439/CA/NCI
GR  - CA73058/CA/NCI
GR  - CA80163/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Polyamines)
RN  - 100-97-0 (Methenamine)
RN  - 124-20-9 (Spermidine)
RN  - 137946-02-2 (1-methylspermidine)
RN  - 25593-72-0 (N'-acetylspermine)
RN  - 71-44-3 (Spermine)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Crystallization
MH  - DNA/*chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Gene Therapy/methods
MH  - Methenamine/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Microscopy, Polarization
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation/drug effects
MH  - Polyamines/*chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Spermidine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Spermine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
MH  - Thymus Gland/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3722-31.

PMID- 12202758
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Transcriptome analysis of Escherichia coli using high-density
      oligonucleotide probe arrays.
PG  - 3732-8
AB  - Microarrays traditionally have been used to analyze the expression
      behavior of large numbers of coding transcripts. Here we present a
      comprehensive approach for high-throughput transcript discovery in
      Escherichia coli focused mainly on intergenic regions which, together with
      analysis of coding transcripts, provides us with a more complete insight
      into the organism's transcriptome. Using a whole genome array, we detected
      expression for 4052 coding transcripts and identified 1102 additional
      transcripts in the intergenic regions of the E.coli genome. Further
      classification reveals 317 novel transcripts with unknown function. Our
      results show that, despite sophisticated approaches to genome annotation,
      many cellular transcripts remain unidentified. Through the experimental
      identification of all RNAs expressed under a specific condition, we gain a
      more thorough understanding of all cellular processes.
AD  - Department of Computer Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
      98195, USA.
FAU - Tjaden, Brian
AU  - Tjaden B
FAU - Saxena, Rini Mukherjee
AU  - Saxena RM
FAU - Stolyar, Sergey
AU  - Stolyar S
FAU - Haynor, David R
AU  - Haynor DR
FAU - Kolker, Eugene
AU  - Kolker E
FAU - Rosenow, Carsten
AU  - Rosenow C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (3' Untranslated Regions)
RN  - 0 (5' Untranslated Regions)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Bacterial)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3' Untranslated Regions/genetics
MH  - 5' Untranslated Regions/genetics
MH  - Escherichia coli/*genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
MH  - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/*methods
MH  - Operon/genetics
MH  - RNA, Bacterial/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3732-8.

PMID- 12202759
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Synthesis and polymerase incorporation of
      5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxy-5'-N-triphosphate nucleotides.
PG  - 3739-47
AB  - Owing to the markedly increased reactivity of amino functional groups
      versus hydroxyls, the 5'-amino-5'-deoxy nucleoside and nucleotide analogs
      have proven widely useful in biological, pharmaceutical and genomic
      applications. However, synthetic procedures leading to these analogs have
      not been fully explored, which may possibly have limited the scope of
      their utility. Here we describe the synthesis of the
      5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxy analogs of adenosine, cytidine, guanosine, inosine
      and uridine from their respective naturally occurring nucleosides via the
      reduction of 5'-azido-2',5'-dideoxy intermediates using the Staudinger
      reaction, and the high yield conversion of these modified nucleosides and
      5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine to the corresponding 5'-N-triphosphates through
      reaction with trisodium trimetaphosphate in the presence of
      tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris). We also show that each of these
      nucleotide analogs can be efficiently incorporated into DNA by the Klenow
      fragment of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I when individually
      substituted for its naturally occurring counterpart. Mild acid treatment
      of the resulting DNA generates polynucleotide fragments that arise from
      specific cleavage at each modified nucleotide, providing a sequence ladder
      for each base. Because the ladders are generated after the extension, the
      corresponding products may be manipulated by enzymatic and/or purification
      processes. The potential utility of this extension-cleavage procedure in
      genomic sequence analysis is discussed.
AD  - Variagenics Inc., 60 Hampshire Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
      jwolfe@variagenics.com
FAU - Wolfe, Jia Liu
AU  - Wolfe JL
FAU - Kawate, Tomohiko
AU  - Kawate T
FAU - Belenky, Alexei
AU  - Belenky A
FAU - Stanton, Vincent Jr
AU  - Stanton V Jr
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Dideoxynucleosides)
RN  - 118-00-3 (Guanosine)
RN  - 50-89-5 (Thymidine)
RN  - 58-61-7 (Adenosine)
RN  - 58-63-9 (Inosine)
RN  - 58-96-8 (Uridine)
RN  - 65-46-3 (Cytidine)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (DNA Polymerase I)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - Cytidine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - DNA Polymerase I/*metabolism
MH  - Dideoxynucleosides/chemical synthesis/*metabolism
MH  - Guanosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Inosine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Thymidine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Uridine/analogs & derivatives/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3739-47.

PMID- 12202760
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Sequence-specific protection of plasmid DNA from restriction endonuclease
      hydrolysis by pyrrole-imidazole-cyclopropapyrroloindole conjugates.
PG  - 3748-53
AB  - The pyrrole-imidazole (Py-Im) triamide-cyclopropa pyrroloindole (CPI)
      conjugates ImPyImLDu86 (7) and ImImPyLDu86 (14) were synthesized and their
      alkylating activities and inhibitory effects on DNA hydrolysis by
      restriction endonucleases were examined. Sequencing gel analysis
      demonstrated that conjugates 7 and 14 specifically alkylated DNA at
      5'-CGCGCG-3' and 5'-PyGGCCPu-3', respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis
      indicated that incubation of a supercoiled plasmid, pSPORT I (4109 bp),
      with conjugate 7 effectively inhibited its hydrolysis by BssHII
      (5'-G_CGCGC-3'), whereas conjugate 14 had no effect on this hydrolysis.
      These results suggest that conjugate 7 sequence-specifically inhibits the
      hydrolysis of DNA by BssHII. Sequence-specific alkylation by the Py-Im
      triamide-CPI conjugates was further confirmed by inhibition of the Eco52I
      (5'-C_GGCCG-3') hydrolysis of conjugate 14-treated pQBI PGK (5387 bp). In
      clear contrast, hydrolysis of pQB1 PGK by DraI (3'-TTT_AAA-3') was not
      inhibited by 5 micro M conjugate 14. That ImImPy did not inhibit the
      hydrolysis of pQB1 PGK indicates that covalent bond formation is necessary
      for inhibition. A similar experiment, using linear pQBI PGK, achieved the
      same extent of protection of the DNA with approximately half the
      concentration of conjugate 14 as was required to protect supercoiled DNA
      from hydrolysis.
AD  - Division of Biofunctional Molecules, Institute of Biomaterials and
      Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Surugadai,
      Kanda, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
FAU - Fujimoto, Kazuhisa
AU  - Fujimoto K
FAU - Iida, Hirokazu
AU  - Iida H
FAU - Kawakami, Masako
AU  - Kawakami M
FAU - Bando, Toshikazu
AU  - Bando T
FAU - Tao, Zhi-Fu
AU  - Tao ZF
FAU - Sugiyama, Hiroshi
AU  - Sugiyama H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA, Superhelical)
RN  - 0 (Imidazoles)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Pyrroles)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 3.1.21 (DNA Restriction Enzymes)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease AhaIII)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease BSSHII)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease XmaIII)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alkylation
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - DNA/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - DNA Restriction Enzymes/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Superhelical/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Imidazoles/*chemistry
MH  - Plasmids/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Pyrroles/*chemistry
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3748-53.

PMID- 12202761
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Genome-wide detection of tissue-specific alternative splicing in the human
      transcriptome.
PG  - 3754-66
AB  - We have developed an automated method for discovering tissue-specific
      regulation of alternative splicing through a genome-wide analysis of
      expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Using this approach, we have identified
      667 tissue-specific alternative splice forms of human genes. We validated
      our muscle-specific and brain-specific splice forms for known genes. A
      high fraction (8/10) were reported to have a matching tissue specificity
      by independent studies in the published literature. The number of
      tissue-specific alternative splice forms is highest in brain, while
      eye-retina, muscle, skin, testis and lymph have the greatest enrichment of
      tissue-specific splicing. Overall, 10-30% of human alternatively spliced
      genes in our data show evidence of tissue-specific splice forms.
      Seventy-eight percent of our tissue-specific alternative splices appear to
      be novel discoveries. We present bioinformatics analysis of several
      tissue-specific splice forms, including automated protein isoform sequence
      and domain prediction, showing how our data can provide valuable insights
      into gene function in different tissues. For example, we have discovered a
      novel kidney-specific alternative splice form of the WNK1 gene, which
      appears to specifically disrupt its N-terminal kinase domain and may play
      a role in PHAII hypertension. Our database greatly expands knowledge of
      tissue-specific alternative splicing and provides a comprehensive dataset
      for investigating its functional roles and regulation in different human
      tissues.
AD  - Molecular Biology Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
      University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.
FAU - Xu, Qiang
AU  - Xu Q
FAU - Modrek, Barmak
AU  - Modrek B
FAU - Lee, Christopher
AU  - Lee C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Protein Isoforms)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (interferon regulatory factor-3)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alternative Splicing/*genetics
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Brain/metabolism
MH  - Computational Biology/statistics & numerical data
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
MH  - Expressed Sequence Tags
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Gene Library
MH  - *Genome, Human
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Protein Isoforms/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/*genetics
MH  - cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3754-66.

PMID- 12202762
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Determination of base and backbone contributions to the thermodynamics of
      premelting and melting transitions in B DNA.
PG  - 3767-77
AB  - In previous papers of this series the temperature-dependent Raman spectra
      of poly(dA).poly(dT) and poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) were used to characterize
      structurally the melting and premelting transitions in DNAs containing
      consecutive A.T and alternating A.T/T.A base pairs. Here, we describe
      procedures for obtaining thermodynamic parameters from the Raman data. The
      method exploits base-specific and backbone-specific Raman markers to
      determine separate thermodynamic contributions of A, T and
      deoxyribosyl-phosphate moieties to premelting and melting transitions. Key
      findings include the following: (i) Both poly(dA).poly(dT) and
      poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT) exhibit robust premelting transitions, due
      predominantly to backbone conformational changes. (ii) The significant
      van't Hoff premelting enthalpies of poly(dA).poly(dT) [DeltaH(vH)(pm) =
      18.0 +/- 1.6 kcal x mol(-1) (kilocalories per mole cooperative unit)] and
      poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) (DeltaH(vH)(pm) = 13.4 +/- 2.5 kcal x mol(-1))
      differ by an amount (approximately 4.6 kcal x mol(-1)) estimated as the
      contribution from three-centered inter-base hydrogen bonding in
      (dA)(n).(dT)(n) tracts. (iii) The overall stacking free energy of
      poly(dA). poly(dT) [-6.88 kcal x mol(bp)(-1) (kilocalories per mole base
      pair)] is greater than that of poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT) (-6.31 kcal x
      mol(bp)(-1)). (iv) The difference between stacking free energies of A and
      T is significant in poly(dA).poly(dT) (DeltaDeltaG(st) = 0.8 +/- 0.3 kcal.
      mol(bp)(-1)), but marginal in poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) (DeltaDeltaG(st) =
      0.3 +/- 0.3 kcal x mol(bp)(-1)). (v) In poly(dA). poly(dT), the van't Hoff
      parameters for melting of A (DeltaH(vH)(A) = 407 +/- 23 kcal.mol(-1),
      DeltaS(vH)(A) = 1166 +/- 67 cal. degrees K(-1) x mol(-1), DeltaG(vH(25
      degrees C))(A) = 60.0 +/- 3.2 kcal x mol(-1)) are clearly distinguished
      from those of T (DeltaH(vH)(T) = 185 +/- 38 kcal x mol(-1), DeltaS(vH)(T)
      = 516 +/- 109 cal. degrees K(-1) x mol(-1), DeltaG(vH(25 degrees C))(T) =
      27.1 +/- 5.5 kcal x mol(-1)). (vi) Similar relative differences are
      observed in poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT) (DeltaH(vH)(A) = 333 +/- 54 kcal x
      mol(-1), DeltaS(vH)(A) = 961 +/- 157 cal. degrees K(-1) x mol(-1),
      DeltaG(vH(25 degrees C))(A) = 45.0 +/- 7.6 kcal x mol(-1); DeltaH(vH)(T) =
      213 +/- 30 kcal x mol(-1), DeltaS(vH)(T) = 617 +/- 86 cal. degrees K(-1) x
      mol(-1), DeltaG(vH(25 degrees C))(T) = 29.3 +/- 4.9 kcal x mol(-1)). The
      methodology employed here distinguishes thermodynamic contributions of
      base stacking, base pairing and backbone conformational ordering in the
      molecular mechanism of double-helical B DNA formation.
AD  - Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, School of Biological Sciences,
      University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110-2499, USA.
FAU - Movileanu, Liviu
AU  - Movileanu L
FAU - Benevides, James M
AU  - Benevides JM
FAU - Thomas, George J Jr
AU  - Thomas GJ Jr
LA  - eng
GR  - GM54378/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 26966-61-0 (Poly dA-dT)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Composition
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - DNA/*chemistry
MH  - Entropy
MH  - Hydrogen Bonding
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Nucleic Acid Denaturation
MH  - Poly dA-dT/chemistry
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods
MH  - Temperature
MH  - *Thermodynamics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3767-77.

PMID- 12202763
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Structural insights by molecular dynamics simulations into differential
      repair efficiency for ethano-A versus etheno-A adducts by the human
      alkylpurine-DNA N-glycosylase.
PG  - 3778-87
AB  - 1,N6-ethenoadenine adducts (epsilonA) are formed by known environmental
      carcinogens and found to be removed by human alkylpurine-DNA N-glycosylase
      (APNG). 1,N6-ethanoadenine (EA) adducts differ from epsilonA by change of
      a double bond to a single bond in the 5-member exocyclic ring and are
      formed by chloroethyl nitrosoureas, which are used in cancer therapy. In
      this work, using purified recombinant human APNG, we show that EA is a
      substrate for the enzyme. However, the excision efficiency of EA was
      65-fold lower than that of epsilonA. Molecular dynamics simulation
      produced similar structural motifs for epsilonA and EA when incorporated
      into a DNA duplex, suggesting that there are no specific conformational
      features in the DNA duplex which can account for the differences in repair
      efficiency. However, when EA was modeled into the APNG active site, based
      on the APNG/epsilonA-DNA crystallographic coordinates, in structures
      produced by 2 ns molecular dynamics simulation, we observed weakening in
      the stacking interaction between EA and aromatic side chains of the key
      amino acids in the active site. In contrast, the planar epsilonA is better
      stacked at the enzyme active site. We propose that the observed
      destabilization of the EA adduct at the active site, such as reduced
      stacking interactions, could account for the biochemically observed weaker
      recognition of EA by APNG as compared to epsilonA.
AD  - Donner Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
      Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
FAU - Guliaev, Anton B
AU  - Guliaev AB
FAU - Hang, Bo
AU  - Hang B
FAU - Singer, B
AU  - Singer B
LA  - eng
GR  - CA 47723/CA/NCI
GR  - CA 72079/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA Adducts)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
RN  - 13875-63-3 (1,N(6)-ethenoadenine)
RN  - 73-24-5 (Adenine)
RN  - EC 3.2.2.- (DNA Glycosylases)
RN  - EC 3.2.2.- (N-Glycosyl Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.2.2.21 (DNA-3-methyladenine glycosidase II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenine/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - DNA Adducts/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - *DNA Glycosylases
MH  - *DNA Repair
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - N-Glycosyl Hydrolases/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Oligonucleotides/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Substrate Specificity
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3778-87.

PMID- 12202764
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Gene expression profiling of the aging mouse cardiac myocytes.
PG  - 3788-94
AB  - Heart disease remains the most frequent cause of death in the general
      population with increasing incidence in the elderly population. The
      pathologic failure of the aging heart may be related to structural and
      functional alterations in cardiac muscle cells. However, the molecular
      mechanisms underlying the aging-related decline in cardiac muscle function
      are largely unknown. To provide the first analysis of cardiac aging at the
      level of gene expression, we established and compared cDNA libraries from
      apparently healthy young and aged mouse ventricular cardiac muscle cells.
      We report the identification of genes that exhibit aging-related changes
      of mRNA levels. Aging expression profiles in aged hearts indicate
      decreased cellular adaptation and protection against stress-induced injury
      together with the development of contractile dysfunction. The data suggest
      reduced activity of the mitochondrial electron transport system and
      reduced levels of cardiac-specific transcription regulators. The
      cardiomyocyte aging profile of gene expression displays similarities with
      known heart disorders. Genes whose mRNA levels change with aging in
      cardiomyocytes might profoundly affect pathological changes in the heart.
AD  - Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess
      Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
FAU - Bodyak, Natalya
AU  - Bodyak N
FAU - Kang, Peter M
AU  - Kang PM
FAU - Hiromura, Makoto
AU  - Hiromura M
FAU - Sulijoadikusumo, Indra
AU  - Sulijoadikusumo I
FAU - Horikoshi, Nobuo
AU  - Horikoshi N
FAU - Khrapko, Konstantin
AU  - Khrapko K
FAU - Usheva, Anny
AU  - Usheva A
LA  - eng
GR  - AG18536/AG/NIA
GR  - DC03299/DC/NIDCD
GR  - HL62458/HL/NHLBI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 11003-00-2 (Actinin)
RN  - 3326-32-7 (Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actinin/chemistry
MH  - Aging/*physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate/chemistry
MH  - *Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Gene Library
MH  - Heart Ventricles/chemistry/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
MH  - RNA/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3788-94.

PMID- 12202765
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041118
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Drosophila damage-specific DNA-binding protein 1 (D-DDB1) is controlled by
      the DRE/DREF system.
PG  - 3795-808
AB  - We succeeded in cloning the gene, termed d-ddb1, for a Drosophila homolog
      of the p127 subunit of the human damage-specific DNA-binding protein,
      thought to recognize (6-4) photoproducts and related structures. In
      Drosophila, the gene product (D-DDB1) also appeared to play a role as a
      repair factor, d-ddb1 knockout Kc cells generated with a RNAi method being
      sensitive to UV. In addition, UV or methyl methanesulfonate treatment
      increased d-ddb1 transcripts. However, we found that the gene is
      controlled by the DRE/DREF system, which is generally responsible for
      activating the promoters of proliferation-related genes. Moreover, during
      Drosophila development, the transcription of d-ddb1 changed greatly, with
      the highest levels in unfertilized eggs, indicating that external injury
      to DNA is not essential to D-DDB1 function. Interestingly, as with UV
      irradiation-induced transfer of D-DDB1 to the nucleus from the cytoplasm,
      during spermatogenesis the protein transiently shifted from one cell
      compartment to the other. The results indicate that D-DDB1 not only
      contributes to the DNA repair system, but also has a role in cell
      proliferation and development.
AD  - Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and
      Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-8510,
      Japan.
FAU - Takata, Kei-ichi
AU  - Takata K
FAU - Ishikawa, Gen
AU  - Ishikawa G
FAU - Hirose, Fumiko
AU  - Hirose F
FAU - Sakaguchi, Kengo
AU  - Sakaguchi K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Dref protein, Drosophila)
RN  - 0 (Drosophila Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA I)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Double-Stranded)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 66-27-3 (Methyl Methanesulfonate)
RN  - EC 1.13.12.- (Luciferases)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5' Flanking Region/genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA Replication/genetics
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Drosophila Proteins
MH  - Drosophila melanogaster/cytology/*genetics
MH  - Embryo, Nonmammalian/metabolism
MH  - Embryonic Development
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/radiation effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gene Silencing
MH  - Luciferases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Methyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - RNA, Bacterial/genetics/physiology
MH  - RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics/physiology
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Response Elements/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Ultraviolet Rays
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3795-808.

PMID- 12202766
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Definition and prediction of the full range of transcription factor
      binding sites--the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 dimeric site.
PG  - 3809-17
AB  - In animals, transcription factor binding sites are hard to recognize
      because of their extensive variation. We therefore characterized the
      general relationship between a specific protein-binding site and its DNA
      sequence and used this relationship to generate a predictive algorithm for
      searching other DNA sequences. The experimental process was defined by
      studying hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1), which binds DNA as a dimer on
      two inverted-repeat 7-bp half sites separated by one base. The binding
      model was based on the equivalence of the two half sites, which was
      confirmed in examples where specific modified sites were compared. Binding
      competition analysis was used to determine the effects of substitution of
      all four bases at each position in the half site. From these data, a
      weighted half-site matrix was generated and the full site was evaluated as
      the sum of two half-site scores. This process accurately predicted even
      weak binding sites that were significantly different from the consensus
      sequence. The predictions also showed a direct correlation with measured
      protein binding.
AD  - Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris
      Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. locker@aecom.yu.edu
FAU - Locker, Joseph
AU  - Locker J
FAU - Ghosh, David
AU  - Ghosh D
FAU - Luc, Phuong-Van
AU  - Luc PV
FAU - Zheng, Jianhua
AU  - Zheng J
LA  - eng
GR  - CA68440/CA/NCI
GR  - CA76354/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 126548-29-6 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1)
RN  - 138674-15-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Binding, Competitive
MH  - *DNA-Binding Proteins
MH  - Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
MH  - *Nuclear Proteins
MH  - Oligonucleotides/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3809-17.

PMID- 12202767
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Characterisation of site-biased DNA methyltransferases: specificity,
      affinity and subsite relationships.
PG  - 3818-30
AB  - DNA methylation is now seen as a primary signal in the cell for mediating
      transcriptional repression through chromatin formation. The construction
      and evaluation of enzymes capable of influencing this process in vivo is
      therefore of significant interest. We have fused the C5-cytosine DNA
      methyltransferases, M.HhaI and M.HpaII, which both methylate 4 bp
      sequences containing a CpG dinucleotide, to a three zinc finger protein
      recognising a 9 bp DNA sequence. DNA methylation analyses demonstrate
      specific DNA methylation by both enzymes at target sites comprising
      adjacent methyltransferase and zinc finger subsites, targeted M.HpaII
      being the most specific. Binding analysis of the targeted M.HpaII enzyme
      reveals an 8-fold preference for binding to its target site, compared to
      binding to a zinc finger site alone, and an 18-fold preference over
      binding to a methyltransferase site alone, thereby demonstrating enhanced
      binding by the fusion protein, compared to its component proteins. Both
      DNA binding and methylation are specific for the target site up to
      separations of approximately 40 bp between the zinc finger and
      methyltransferase subsites. Ex vivo plasmid methylation experiments are
      also described that demonstrate targeted methylation. These targeted
      enzymes, however, are shown to be not fully mono-functional, retaining a
      significant non-targeted activity most evident at elevated protein
      concentrations.
AD  - Department of Molecular Medicine, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of
      Medicine, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
FAU - McNamara, Andrew R
AU  - McNamara AR
FAU - Hurd, Paul J
AU  - Hurd PJ
FAU - Smith, Alexander E F
AU  - Smith AE
FAU - Ford, Kevin G
AU  - Ford KG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.73 (Site-Specific DNA Methyltransferase (Cytosine-Specific))
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (Deoxyribonuclease HpaII)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease HhaI)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific)
SB  - IM
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Binding, Competitive
MH  - DNA/genetics/metabolism
MH  - DNA Methylation
MH  - Deoxyribonuclease HpaII/metabolism
MH  - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/metabolism
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Oligonucleotides/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Site-Specific DNA Methyltransferase
      (Cytosine-Specific)/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Zinc Fingers/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3818-30.

PMID- 12202768
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Dnmt3L is a transcriptional repressor that recruits histone deacetylase.
PG  - 3831-8
AB  - The Dnmt3L protein belongs to the Dnmt3 family of DNA methyltransferases
      by virtue of its sequence homology in the plant homeodomain (PHD)-like
      motif. Dnmt3L is essential for the establishment of maternal genomic
      imprints and, given its lack of key methyltransferase motifs, is more
      likely to act as a regulator of methylation rather than as an enzyme that
      methylates DNA. Here, we show that Dnmt3L, like Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b,
      interacts both in vitro and in vivo with the histone deacetylase HDAC1.
      Consistent with the binding to a deacetylase, Dnmt3L purifies histone
      deacetylase activity from nuclear extracts. We find that Dnmt3L can
      repress transcription and that this repression is dependent on HDAC1 and
      is relieved by treatment with the HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A. Binding
      of Dnmt3L to HDAC1 as well as its repressive function require the PHD-like
      motif. Our results indicate that Dnmt3L plays a role in transcriptional
      regulation and that recruitment of the HDAC repressive machinery is a
      shared and conserved feature of the Dnmt3 family. The fact that, despite
      the absence of a methyltransferase domain, Dnmt3L retains the capacity to
      contact deacetylase further substantiates the notion that the Dnmts can
      repress transcription independently of their methylating activities.
AD  - Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular
      Virology, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
FAU - Deplus, Rachel
AU  - Deplus R
FAU - Brenner, Carmen
AU  - Brenner C
FAU - Burgers, Wendy A
AU  - Burgers WA
FAU - Putmans, Pascale
AU  - Putmans P
FAU - Kouzarides, Tony
AU  - Kouzarides T
FAU - de Launoit, Yvan
AU  - de Launoit Y
FAU - Fuks, Francois
AU  - Fuks F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.- (DNMT3L protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.37 (DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
RN  - EC 3.5.1.- (HDAC1 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.5.1.- (Histone Deacetylases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Histone Deacetylases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Repressor Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Zinc Fingers/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3831-8.

PMID- 12202769
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Functional analysis of iceA1, a CATG-recognizing restriction endonuclease
      gene in Helicobacter pylori.
PG  - 3839-47
AB  - iceA1 in Helicobacter pylori is a homolog of nlaIIIR, which encodes the
      CATG-specific restriction endonuclease NlaIII in Neisseria lactamica.
      Analysis of iceA1 sequences from 49 H.pylori strains shows that a
      full-length NlaIII-like ORF is present in 10 strains, including CH4, but
      in other strains, including strain 60190, the ORFs are truncated due to a
      variety of mutations. Our goal was to determine whether iceA1 can encode a
      NlaIII-like endonuclease. Overexpression in Escherichia coli of iceA1 from
      CH4, but not from 60190, yielded NlaIII-like activity, indicating that the
      full-length iceA1 is a functional endonuclease gene. Repair of the iceA1
      frameshift mutation in strain 60190 and its expression in E.coli yielded
      functional NlaIII-like activity. We conclude that iceA1 in CH4 is a
      functional restriction endonuclease gene, while iceA1 in 60190 is not, due
      to a frameshift mutation, but that its repair restores its restriction
      endonuclease activity.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of
      Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
FAU - Xu, Qing
AU  - Xu Q
FAU - Morgan, R D
AU  - Morgan RD
FAU - Roberts, R J
AU  - Roberts RJ
FAU - Xu, S Y
AU  - Xu SY
FAU - van Doorn, L J
AU  - van Doorn LJ
FAU - Donahue, J P
AU  - Donahue JP
FAU - Miller, G G
AU  - Miller GG
FAU - Blaser, Martin J
AU  - Blaser MJ
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF459446
GR  - DK53707/DK/NIDDK
GR  - GM56534/GM/NIGMS
GR  - GM63270/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (iceA1 protein, Helicobacter pylori)
RN  - EC 3.1.21 (DNA Restriction Enzymes)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease NlaIII)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.4 (Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - DNA Restriction Enzymes/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Escherichia/genetics
MH  - Frameshift Mutation/genetics
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Neisseria/enzymology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3839-47.

PMID- 12202770
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Defects in interstrand cross-link uncoupling do not account for the
      extreme sensitivity of ERCC1 and XPF cells to cisplatin.
PG  - 3848-56
AB  - The anticancer drug cisplatin reacts with DNA leading to the formation of
      interstrand and intrastrand cross-links that are the critical cytotoxic
      lesions. In contrast to cells bearing mutations in other components of the
      nucleotide excision repair apparatus (XPB, XPD, XPG and CSB), cells
      defective for the ERCC1-XPF structure-specific nuclease are highly
      sensitive to cisplatin. To determine if the extreme sensitivity of XPF and
      ERCC1 cells to cisplatin results from specific defects in the repair of
      either intrastrand or interstrand cross-links we measured the elimination
      of both lesions in a range of nucleotide excision repair Chinese hamster
      mutant cell lines, including XPF- and ERCC1-defective cells. Compared to
      the parental, repair-proficient cell line all the mutants tested were
      defective in the elimination of both classes of adduct despite their very
      different levels of increased sensitivity. Consequently, there is no clear
      relationship between initial incisions at interstrand cross-links or
      removal of intrastrand adducts and cellular sensitivity. These results
      demonstrate that the high cisplatin sensitivity of ERCC1 and XPF cells
      likely results from a defect other than in excision repair. In contrast to
      other conventional DNA cross-linking agents, we found that the repair of
      cisplatin adducts does not involve the formation of DNA double-strand
      breaks. Surprisingly, XRCC2 and XRCC3 cells are defective in the
      uncoupling step of cisplatin interstrand cross-link repair, suggesting
      that homologous recombination might be initiated prior to excision of this
      type of cross-link.
AD  - Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, Department of
      Oncology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, 91 Riding
      House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK.
FAU - De Silva, Inusha U
AU  - De Silva IU
FAU - McHugh, Peter J
AU  - McHugh PJ
FAU - Clingen, Peter H
AU  - Clingen PH
FAU - Hartley, John A
AU  - Hartley JA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (ERCC4 protein)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 15663-27-1 (Cisplatin)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (ERCC-1 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Endonucleases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cell Division/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cisplatin/*pharmacology
MH  - DNA/drug effects/genetics
MH  - DNA Damage
MH  - DNA Repair/*genetics
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field
MH  - *Endonucleases
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3848-56.

PMID- 12202771
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Challenging artificial genetic systems: thymidine analogs with 5-position
      sulfur functionality.
PG  - 3857-69
AB  - Eight different polymerases, chosen from evolutionary families A (Taq,
      Tfl, HotTub and Tth) and B (Pfu, Pwo, Vent and Deep Vent), were examined
      for their ability to incorporate 5-position modified 2'-deoxyuridine
      derivatives that carry a protected thiol group appended via different
      linkers containing either three or four carbon atoms. This represents the
      first attempt to incorporate the thiol functionality into DNA via
      enzymatic synthesis. Each polymerase-substrate combination was evaluated
      using a hierarchy of increasingly more difficult challenges, starting with
      incorporation of a single derivative, proceeding to incorporation of two
      derivatives at adjacent sites and non-adjacent sites, then examining the
      ability of the polymerase to accept the derivative within the template,
      and concluding with a challenge involving PCR. The evaluation of
      thiol-bearing 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives was then extended to consider
      their chemical stabilities. Stability was found to be less than
      satisfactory when the thiol functionality has a 'propargylic' relationship
      to the unsaturation in the linker. The best polymerase-appendage
      combination used the polymerase from Pyrococcus woesei (Pwo) and the
      5'-tBu-SS-CH2-CH2-C [triple bond] C-linker. This pair supported PCR
      amplification and therefore should have value in artificial in vitro
      selection experiments. Indeed, we discovered that Pwo and Pfu preferred
      the derivative triphosphate over TTP, the natural substrate, in
      competition studies. These studies confirm an earlier suggestion that
      membership of an evolutionary family of polymerases is a partial predictor
      of the ability of the polymerase to accept 5-modified 2'-deoxyuridines.
      Considerable differences are displayed by different members within a
      polymerase family, however. This remains curious, as the ability of the
      polymerase to replicate natural DNA with high fidelity and its propensity
      to exclude unnatural analogs are presumed to be correlated.
AD  - Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
      32611-7200, USA.
FAU - Held, Heike A
AU  - Held HA
FAU - Benner, Steven A
AU  - Benner SA
LA  - eng
GR  - GM 54048/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (Deoxyuracil Nucleotides)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
RN  - 50-89-5 (Thymidine)
RN  - 7704-34-9 (Sulfur)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase)
SB  - IM
MH  - DNA Primers/genetics
MH  - DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*metabolism
MH  - Deoxyuracil Nucleotides/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Oligonucleotides/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sulfur/chemistry
MH  - Templates, Genetic
MH  - Thymidine/chemistry/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3857-69.

PMID- 12202772
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Mutations altering the cleavage specificity of a homing endonuclease.
PG  - 3870-9
AB  - The homing endonuclease I-CreI recognizes and cleaves a particular 22 bp
      DNA sequence. The crystal structure of I-CreI bound to homing site DNA has
      previously been determined, leading to a number of predictions about
      specific protein-DNA contacts. We test these predictions by analyzing a
      set of endonuclease mutants and a complementary set of homing site
      mutants. We find evidence that all structurally predicted I-CreI/DNA
      contacts contribute to DNA recognition and show that these contacts differ
      greatly in terms of their relative importance. We also describe the
      isolation of a collection of altered specificity I-CreI derivatives. The
      in vitro DNA-binding and cleavage properties of two such endonucleases
      demonstrate that our genetic approach is effective in identifying homing
      endonucleases that recognize and cleave novel target sequences.
AD  - Department of Biology and Program in Molecular Biology, Pomona College,
      609 North College Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711, USA. lms14747@pomona.edu
FAU - Seligman, Lenny M
AU  - Seligman LM
FAU - Chisholm, Karen M
AU  - Chisholm KM
FAU - Chevalier, Brett S
AU  - Chevalier BS
FAU - Chadsey, Meggen S
AU  - Chadsey MS
FAU - Edwards, Samuel T
AU  - Edwards ST
FAU - Savage, Jeremiah H
AU  - Savage JH
FAU - Veillet, Adeline L
AU  - Veillet AL
LA  - eng
GR  - CA88942/CA/NCI
GR  - T32 CA 09437/CA/NCI
GR  - T32 CA80416/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 3.1.21 (DNA Restriction Enzymes)
RN  - EC 3.1.21.- (endodeoxyribonuclease CreI)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Binding, Competitive
MH  - DNA/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - DNA Restriction Enzymes/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Escherichia coli/genetics
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Substrate Specificity
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3870-9.

PMID- 12202773
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20040506
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Promiscuous methylation of non-canonical DNA sites by HaeIII
      methyltransferase.
PG  - 3880-5
AB  - The cytosine C5 methyltransferase M.HaeIII recognises and methylates the
      central cytosine of its canonical site GGCC. Here we report that M.HaeIII
      can also, with lower efficiency, methylate cytosines located in a wide
      range of non-canonical sequences. Using bisulphite sequencing we mapped
      the methyl- cytosine residues in DNA methylated in vitro and in vivo by
      M.HaeIII. Methyl-cytosine residues were observed in multiple sequence
      contexts, most commonly, but not exclusively, at star sites (sites
      differing by a single base from the canonical sequence). The most
      frequently used star sites had changes at positions 1 and 4, but there is
      little or no methylation at star sites changed at position 2. The rate of
      methylation of non-canonical sites can be quite significant: a DNA
      substrate lacking a canonical site was methylated by M.HaeIII in vitro at
      a rate only an order of magnitude slower than an otherwise identical
      substrate containing the canonical site. In vivo methylation of
      non-canonical sites may therefore be significant and may have provided the
      starting point for the evolution of restriction-modification systems with
      novel sequence specificities.
AD  - MRC Centre for Protein Engineering and MRC Laboratory for Molecular
      Biology, MRC Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK and. Department of
      Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76 100,
      Israel.
FAU - Cohen, Helen M
AU  - Cohen HM
FAU - Tawfik, Dan S
AU  - Tawfik DS
FAU - Griffiths, Andrew D
AU  - Griffiths AD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
RN  - 10028-17-8 (Tritium)
RN  - 29908-03-0 (S-Adenosylmethionine)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.37 (GGCC-specific DNA methyltransferase)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.73 (Site-Specific DNA Methyltransferase (Cytosine-Specific))
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - DNA/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - *DNA Methylation
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Oligonucleotides/genetics/metabolism
MH  - S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Site-Specific DNA Methyltransferase (Cytosine-Specific)/*metabolism
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tritium
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3880-5.

PMID- 12202774
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Prediction of consensus structural motifs in a family of coregulated RNA
      sequences.
PG  - 3886-93
AB  - Given a set of homologous or functionally related RNA sequences, the
      consensus motifs may represent the binding sites of RNA regulatory
      proteins. Unlike DNA motifs, RNA motifs are more conserved in structures
      than in sequences. Knowing the structural motifs can help us gain a deeper
      insight of the regulation activities. There have been various studies of
      RNA secondary structure prediction, but most of them are not focused on
      finding motifs from sets of functionally related sequences. Although
      recent research shows some new approaches to RNA motif finding, they are
      limited to finding relatively simple structures, e.g. stem-loops. In this
      paper, we propose a novel genetic programming approach to RNA secondary
      structure prediction. It is capable of finding more complex structures
      than stem-loops. To demonstrate the performance of our new approach as
      well as to keep the consistency of our comparative study, we first tested
      it on the same data sets previously used to verify the current prediction
      systems. To show the flexibility of our new approach, we also tested it on
      a data set that contains pseudoknot motifs which most current systems
      cannot identify. A web-based user interface of the prediction system is
      set up at http://bioinfo. cis.nctu.edu.tw/service/gprm/.
AD  - Computer and Information Science Department, National Chiao Tung
      University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan. yhu@cis.nctu.edu.tw
FAU - Hu, Yuh-Jyh
AU  - Hu YJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Computational Biology/methods
MH  - Mutation
MH  - *Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - RNA/*chemistry/genetics
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - *Software
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3886-93.

PMID- 12202775
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Human non-synonymous SNPs: server and survey.
PG  - 3894-900
AB  - Human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent the most frequent
      type of human population DNA variation. One of the main goals of SNP
      research is to understand the genetics of the human phenotype variation
      and especially the genetic basis of human complex diseases. Non-synonymous
      coding SNPs (nsSNPs) comprise a group of SNPs that, together with SNPs in
      regulatory regions, are believed to have the highest impact on phenotype.
      Here we present a World Wide Web server to predict the effect of an nsSNP
      on protein structure and function. The prediction method enabled analysis
      of the publicly available SNP database HGVbase, which gave rise to a
      dataset of nsSNPs with predicted functionality. The dataset was further
      used to compare the effect of various structural and functional
      characteristics of amino acid substitutions responsible for phenotypic
      display of nsSNPs. We also studied the dependence of selective pressure on
      the structural and functional properties of proteins. We found that in our
      dataset the selection pressure against deleterious SNPs depends on the
      molecular function of the protein, although it is insensitive to several
      other protein features considered. The strongest selective pressure was
      detected for proteins involved in transcription regulation.
AD  - European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117
      Heidelberg, Germany.
FAU - Ramensky, Vasily
AU  - Ramensky V
FAU - Bork, Peer
AU  - Bork P
FAU - Sunyaev, Shamil
AU  - Sunyaev S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Databases, Genetic
MH  - Humans
MH  - Information Storage and Retrieval/methods
MH  - *Internet
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics
MH  - Proteins/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3894-900.

PMID- 12202776
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Dictionary-driven protein annotation.
PG  - 3901-16
AB  - Computational methods seeking to automatically determine the properties
      (functional, structural, physicochemical, etc.) of a protein directly from
      the sequence have long been the focus of numerous research groups. With
      the advent of advanced sequencing methods and systems, the number of amino
      acid sequences that are being deposited in the public databases has been
      increasing steadily. This has in turn generated a renewed demand for
      automated approaches that can annotate individual sequences and complete
      genomes quickly, exhaustively and objectively. In this paper, we present
      one such approach that is centered around and exploits the Bio-Dictionary,
      a collection of amino acid patterns that completely covers the natural
      sequence space and can capture functional and structural signals that have
      been reused during evolution, within and across protein families. Our
      annotation approach also makes use of a weighted, position-specific
      scoring scheme that is unaffected by the over-representation of
      well-conserved proteins and protein fragments in the databases used. For a
      given query sequence, the method permits one to determine, in a single
      pass, the following: local and global similarities between the query and
      any protein already present in a public database; the likeness of the
      query to all available archaeal/ bacterial/eukaryotic/viral sequences in
      the database as a function of amino acid position within the query; the
      character of secondary structure of the query as a function of amino acid
      position within the query; the cytoplasmic, transmembrane or extracellular
      behavior of the query; the nature and position of binding domains, active
      sites, post-translationally modified sites, signal peptides, etc. In terms
      of performance, the proposed method is exhaustive, objective and allows
      for the rapid annotation of individual sequences and full genomes.
      Annotation examples are presented and discussed in Results, including
      individual queries and complete genomes that were released publicly after
      we built the Bio-Dictionary that is used in our experiments. Finally, we
      have computed the annotations of more than 70 complete genomes and made
      them available on the World Wide Web at
      http://cbcsrv.watson.ibm.com/Annotations/.
AD  - Bioinformatics and Pattern Discovery Group, IBM TJ Watson Research Center,
      Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA. rigoutso@us.ibm.com
FAU - Rigoutsos, Isidore
AU  - Rigoutsos I
FAU - Huynh, Tien
AU  - Huynh T
FAU - Floratos, Aris
AU  - Floratos A
FAU - Parida, Laxmi
AU  - Parida L
FAU - Platt, Daniel
AU  - Platt D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Proteome)
RN  - 0 (Ubiquitin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Computational Biology/methods
MH  - *Databases, Protein
MH  - *Dictionaries, Chemical
MH  - Genomics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Internet
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Proteome/genetics
MH  - Sequence Alignment/methods
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Ubiquitin/genetics
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):3901-16.

PMID- 12202777
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Improved quantitative real-time RT-PCR for expression profiling of
      individual cells.
PG  - e89
AB  - The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rtqPCR) has overcome
      the limitations of conventional, time-consuming quantitative PCR
      strategies and is maturing into a routine tool to quantify gene expression
      levels, following reverse transcription (RT) of mRNA into complementary
      DNA (cDNA). Expression profiling with single-cell resolution is highly
      desirable, in particular for complex tissues like the brain that contain a
      large variety of different cell types in close proximity. The patch-clamp
      technique allows selective harvesting of single-cell cytoplasm after
      recording of cellular activity. However, components of the cDNA reaction,
      in particular the reverse transcriptase itself, significantly inhibit
      subsequent rtqPCR amplification. Using undiluted single-cell cDNA reaction
      mix directly as template for rtqPCR, I observed that the amplification
      kinetics of rtqPCRs were dramatically altered in a non-systematic fashion.
      Here, I describe a simple and robust precipitation protocol suitable for
      purification of single-cell cDNA that completely removes inhibitory RT
      components without detectable loss of cDNA. This improved single-cell
      real-time RT-PCR protocol provides a powerful tool to quantify
      differential gene expression of individual cells and thus could complement
      global microarray-based expression profiling strategies.
AD  - University Laboratory of Physiology and MRC Anatomical Neuropharmacology
      Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Parks Road, Oxford
      OX1 3PT, UK. birgit.liss@physiol.ox.ac.uk
FAU - Liss, Birgit
AU  - Liss B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Complementary/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling/*methods
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Neurons/cytology/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):e89.

PMID- 12202778
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Cre recombinase-mediated inversion using lox66 and lox71: method to
      introduce conditional point mutations into the CREB-binding protein.
PG  - e90
AB  - CREB-binding protein (CBP) is a multifunctional cofactor implicated in
      many intracellular signal transduction pathways. We aimed to investigate
      the involvement of CBP in the cAMP response element-binding protein
      (CREB)-mediated pathway. The point mutation Tyr658Ala in the CREB-binding
      domain (CBD) was shown to abolish the binding activity of CBP to
      phospho-CREB, the activated form of CREB. By using a mutant Cre/loxP
      recombination system, this point mutation was aimed to be generated in the
      mouse genome in a tissue- and time-specific manner. A targeting construct
      in which CBD exon 5 and inverted exon 5* containing the point mutation
      flanked by two mutant loxP sites (lox66 and lox71) oriented in a
      head-to-head position was generated. When Cre recombinase is present, the
      DNA flanked by the two mutant loxP sites is inverted, forming one loxP and
      one double mutated loxP site. As the double mutated loxP site shows low
      affinity for Cre recombinase, the favorable reaction leads to a product
      where the mutated exon 5* is placed into the position to be correctly
      transcribed and spliced. Inversion was observed to be complete in both
      bacteria and mouse embryonic stem cells. Our results indicate that this
      Cre- mediated inversion method is a valuable tool to introduce point
      mutations in the mouse genome in a regulatable manner.
AD  - Research Group Molecular Genetics of Behavior, Max-Planck-Institute of
      Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, D-80804 Munich, Germany.
FAU - Zhang, Zuwen
AU  - Zhang Z
FAU - Lutz, Beat
AU  - Lutz B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (CREB-binding protein)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Cre recombinase, virus)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Integrases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Attachment Sites (Microbiology)/*genetics
MH  - Bacteria/genetics
MH  - Bacteriophage P1/genetics
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Blotting, Southern
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - DNA/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Targeting/methods
MH  - Integrases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - *Inversion, Chromosome
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mutation, Missense
MH  - Nuclear Proteins/genetics
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Point Mutation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Trans-Activators/genetics
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):e90.

PMID- 12202779
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping using short, fluorescently
      labeled locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes and fluorescence polarization
      detection.
PG  - e91
AB  - Locked nucleic acids (LNAs) are synthetic nucleic acid analogs that bind
      to complementary target molecules (DNA, RNA or LNA) with very high
      affinity. At the same time, this binding affinity is decreased
      substantially when the hybrids thus formed contain even a single
      mismatched base pair. We have exploited these properties of LNA probes to
      develop a new method for single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. In
      this method, very short (hexamer or heptamer) LNA probes are labeled with
      either rhodamine or hexachlorofluorescein (HEX), and their hybridization
      to target DNAs is followed by measuring the fluorescence polarization (FP)
      of the dyes. The formation of perfectly complementary double-stranded
      hybrids gives rise to significant FP increases, whereas the presence of
      single mismatches results in very small or no changes of this parameter.
      Multiplexing of the assay can be achieved by using differentially labeled
      wild-type and mutant specific probes in the same solution. The method is
      homogeneous, and because of the use of extremely short LNA probes, the
      generation of a universal set of genotyping reagents is possible.
AD  - Caliper Technologies Corporation, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.
FAU - Simeonov, Anton
AU  - Simeonov A
FAU - Nikiforov, Theo T
AU  - Nikiforov TT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Fluorescent Dyes)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotide Probes)
RN  - 0 (Rhodamines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Composition
MH  - Fluorescence Polarization/*methods
MH  - Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Nucleic Acid Denaturation
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization/methods
MH  - Oligonucleotide Probes/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics
MH  - Rhodamines/chemistry
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):e91.

PMID- 12202780
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020830
DCOM- 20021112
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1362-4962
VI  - 30
IP  - 17
DP  - 2002 Sep 1
TI  - Multivariate curve resolution: a powerful tool for the analysis of
      conformational transitions in nucleic acids.
PG  - e92
AB  - A successful application is reported of the multivariate curve resolution
      alternating least-squares method (MCR-ALS) for the analysis of nucleic
      acid melting and salt-induced transitions. Under conditions where several
      structures co-exist in a conformational equilibrium, MCR-ALS analysis of
      the UV and circular dichroism (CD) spectra at different temperatures,
      ionic strength and oligonucleotide concentration allows for the resolution
      of concentration profiles and pure spectra of the different species. The
      methodology is illustrated by the case of the cyclic oligonucleotide
      d<pTGCTCGCT>. The melting transition of this molecule at different
      oligonucleotide concentrations was studied at 0, 2 and 10 mM MgCl2 by UV
      and CD spectroscopy. In addition, salt titration experiments were carried
      out at 21.0 and 54.0 degrees C. The MCR-ALS analysis indicates that three
      different conformations of this molecule co-exist in solution. In
      agreement with previous NMR studies, these conformations were assigned to
      a monomeric dumbbell-like structure, a dimeric four-stranded conformation
      and a disordered (random coil) structure. The MCR-ALS methodology allows
      for a detailed analysis of how this equilibrium is affected by
      temperature, salt and oligonucleotide concentration.
AD  - Departament de Quimica Analitica, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647,
      E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Jaumot, Joaquim
AU  - Jaumot J
FAU - Escaja, Nuria
AU  - Escaja N
FAU - Gargallo, Raimundo
AU  - Gargallo R
FAU - Gonzalez, Carlos
AU  - Gonzalez C
FAU - Pedroso, Enrique
AU  - Pedroso E
FAU - Tauler, Roma
AU  - Tauler R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Nucleic Acids Res
JID - 0411011
RN  - 0 (Nucleic Acids)
RN  - 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - 7732-18-5 (Water)
RN  - 7786-30-3 (Magnesium Chloride)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Circular Dichroism
MH  - Least-Squares Analysis
MH  - Magnesium Chloride/pharmacology
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - *Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Nucleic Acid Denaturation
MH  - Nucleic Acids/*chemistry/drug effects
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
MH  - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Water/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/08/31 10:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nucleic Acids Res 2002 Sep 1;30(17):e92.

PMID- 12204094
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
DA  - 20020902
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Aug 31
TI  - Pro-domain removal in ASP-2 and the cleavage of the amyloid precursor are
      influenced by pH.
PG  - 25
AB  - Background One of the signatures of Alzheimer's disease is the
      accumulation of aggregated amyloid protein, A-beta, in the brain. A-beta
      arises from cleavage of the Amyloid Precursor protein by alpha and gamma
      secretases, which present attractive candidates for therapeutic targeting.
      Two beta-secretase candidates, ASP-1 and ASP-2, were identified as
      aspartic proteases, both of which cleave the amyloid precursor at the
      beta-site. These are produced as immature transmembrane proteins
      containing a pro-segment. Results ASP-2 expressed in HEK293-cells cleaved
      the Swedish mutant amyloid precursor at different BETA-sites at different
      pHs in vitro. Recent reports show that furin cleaves the pro-peptide of
      ASP-2, whereas ASP-1 undergoes auto-catalysis. We show that purified
      recombinant ASP-2 cleaves its own pro-peptide at pH5 but not pH8.5 as seen
      by mass spectrometry, electrophoresis and N-terminal sequencing.
      Conclusion We suggest that ASP-2 processing as well as activity are
      influenced by pH, and hence the cellular localisation of the protein may
      have profound effects on the production of A-beta. These factors should be
      taken into consideration in the design of potential inhibitors for these
      enzymes.
AU  - Sidera C
AU  - Liu C
AU  - Austen BM
LA  - ENG
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2002/09/03 10:00
PHST- 2002/05/16 [received]
PHST- 2002/08/31 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/31 [aheadofprint]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Aug 31;3(1):25.

PMID- 12204942
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Biological and clinical significance of lipids as modulators of immune
      system functions.
PG  - 945-50
AD  - Unit of Microbiology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of
      Experimental Sciences, University of Jaen, E-23071, Jaen, Spain.
      mapablo@ujaen.es
FAU - de Pablo, Manuel A
AU  - de Pablo MA
FAU - Puertollano, Maria A
AU  - Puertollano MA
FAU - Alvarez de Cienfuegos, Gerardo
AU  - Alvarez de Cienfuegos G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Dietary Fats)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Dietary Fats/*immunology
MH  - Fatty Acids/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune System/*immunology
MH  - Nutritional Status
RF  - 83
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):945-50.

PMID- 12204943
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Laboratory diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.
PG  - 951-8
AD  - Kala-Azar Medical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Banaras Hindu
      University, Institute of Medical Sciences, Varanasi 221 005, India.
      shyam_vns@satyam.net.in
FAU - Sundar, Shyam
AU  - Sundar S
FAU - Rai, M
AU  - Rai M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leishmania donovani/*isolation & purification
MH  - Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*diagnosis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RF  - 86
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):951-8.

PMID- 12204944
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in adolescents: a longitudinal
      analysis from the REACH project.
PG  - 959-65
AB  - Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subset markers was performed for a
      group of sexually active, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative
      adolescents over a 2-year period to establish normative data. Data were
      collected in the REACH Project (Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care
      and Health), a multicenter, longitudinal study of HIV-positive and
      high-risk HIV-negative adolescents. Two- and three-color flow cytometry
      data were collected every 6 months for these subjects. We determined the
      effects of gender, race, and age on the following lymphocyte subset
      markers: total CD4(+) cells, CD4(+) naive cells, CD4(+) memory cells, all
      CD8(+) cells, CD8(+) naive cells, CD8(+) memory cells, CD16(+) natural
      killer cells, and CD19(+) B cells. Gender was the demographic
      characteristic most frequently associated with differences in lymphocyte
      subset measures. Females had higher total CD4(+) cell and CD4(+) memory
      cells counts and lower CD16(+) cell counts than males. Age was associated
      with higher CD4(+) memory cell counts as well as higher CD8(+) memory cell
      counts. For CD19(+) cells, there was an interaction between age and
      gender, with males having significantly lower CD19(+) cell counts with
      increasing age, whereas there was no age effect for females. Race and/or
      ethnicity was associated with differences in total CD8(+) cell counts and
      CD8(+) memory cell counts, although both of these associations involved an
      interaction with gender.
AD  - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, The
      University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
      19104, USA. rudy@email.chop.edu
FAU - Rudy, Bret J
AU  - Rudy BJ
FAU - Wilson, Craig M
AU  - Wilson CM
FAU - Durako, Stephen
AU  - Durako S
FAU - Moscicki, Anna-Barbara
AU  - Moscicki AB
FAU - Muenz, Larry
AU  - Muenz L
FAU - Douglas, Steven D
AU  - Douglas SD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD19)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, IgG)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antigens, CD19/analysis
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*cytology
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*cytology
MH  - Child
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Flow Cytometry/*standards
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunologic Memory
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Receptors, IgG/analysis
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):959-65.

PMID- 12204945
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Active surveillance for scrapie by third eyelid biopsy and genetic
      susceptibility testing of flocks of sheep in Wyoming.
PG  - 966-71
AB  - Control of scrapie, an ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or
      prion disorder, has been hampered by the lack of conventional antemortem
      diagnostic tests. Currently, scrapie is diagnosed by postmortem
      examination of the brain and lymphoid tissues for PrP(Sc), the protein
      marker for this group of disorders. For live, asymptomatic sheep,
      diagnosis using tonsil or third-eyelid lymphoid tissue biopsy and PrP(Sc)
      assay has been described. To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of
      third-eyelid testing for identification of infected flocks and individual
      infected sheep, 690 sheep from 22 flocks were sampled by third-eyelid
      lymphoid tissue biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Sheep were further
      evaluated for relative genetic susceptibility and potential contact
      exposure to scrapie. Third-eyelid testing yielded suitable samples for 80%
      of the sheep tested, with a mean of 18.1 lymphoid follicles (germinal
      centers) per histologic section. Three hundred eleven of the sheep were
      sampled through passive surveillance programs, in which only sheep with
      potential contact with an infected sheep at a lambing event were tested,
      regardless of their scrapie susceptibility genotype. In addition, 141
      genetically susceptible sheep with no record of contact with an infected
      animal at a lambing event were sampled through a targeted active
      surveillance program. Ten PrP(Sc)-positive sheep were identified through
      the passive surveillance program, and an additional three PrP(Sc)-positive
      sheep, including two from flocks with no history of scrapie, were
      identified through the active surveillance program. All PrP(Sc)-positive
      sheep had the highly susceptible PrP genotype. Third-eyelid testing is a
      useful adjunct to flock monitoring programs, slaughter surveillance, and
      mandatory disease reporting in a comprehensive scrapie eradication and
      research program.
AD  - Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Pullman,
      Washington 99164, USA. korouke@vetmed.wsu.edu
FAU - O'Rourke, Katherine I
AU  - O'Rourke KI
FAU - Duncan, John V
AU  - Duncan JV
FAU - Logan, James R
AU  - Logan JR
FAU - Anderson, Anne K
AU  - Anderson AK
FAU - Norden, Dianne K
AU  - Norden DK
FAU - Williams, Elizabeth S
AU  - Williams ES
FAU - Combs, Bret A
AU  - Combs BA
FAU - Stobart, Robert H
AU  - Stobart RH
FAU - Moss, Gary E
AU  - Moss GE
FAU - Sutton, Diane L
AU  - Sutton DL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (PrPSc Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Nictitating Membrane/chemistry/*pathology
MH  - PrPSc Proteins/analysis
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Scrapie/*genetics/*pathology
MH  - Sheep
MH  - Sheep Diseases/*genetics/*pathology
MH  - Wyoming
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):966-71.

PMID- 12204946
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041124
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Augmentation of the lipopolysaccharide-neutralizing activities of human
      cathelicidin CAP18/LL-37-derived antimicrobial peptides by replacement
      with hydrophobic and cationic amino acid residues.
PG  - 972-82
AB  - Mammalian myeloid and epithelial cells express various peptide antibiotics
      (such as defensins and cathelicidins) that contribute to the innate host
      defense against invading microorganisms. Among these peptides, human
      cathelicidin CAP18/LL-37 (L(1) to S(37)) possesses not only potent
      antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
      but also the ability to bind to gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and
      neutralize its biological activities. In this study, to develop peptide
      derivatives with improved LPS-neutralizing activities, we utilized an
      18-mer peptide (K(15) to V(32)) of LL-37 as a template and evaluated the
      activities of modified peptides by using the CD14(+) murine macrophage
      cell line RAW 264.7 and the murine endotoxin shock model. By replacement
      of E(16) and K(25) with two L residues, the hydrophobicity of the peptide
      (18-mer LL) was increased, and by further replacement of Q(22), D(26), and
      N(30) with three K residues, the cationicity of the peptide (18-mer LLKKK)
      was enhanced. Among peptide derivatives, 18-mer LLKKK displayed the most
      powerful LPS-neutralizing activity: it was most potent at binding to LPS,
      inhibiting the interaction between LPS and LPS-binding protein, and
      attaching to the CD14 molecule, thereby suppressing the binding of LPS to
      CD14(+) cells and attenuating production of tumor necrosis factor alpha
      (TNF-alpha) by these cells. Furthermore, in the murine endotoxin shock
      model, 18-mer LLKKK most effectively suppressed LPS-induced TNF-alpha
      production and protected mice from lethal endotoxin shock. Together, these
      observations indicate that the LPS-neutralizing activities of the
      amphipathic human CAP18/LL-37-derived 18-mer peptide can be augmented by
      modifying its hydrophobicity and cationicity, and that 18-mer LLKKK is the
      most potent of the peptide derivatives, with therapeutic potential for
      gram-negative bacterial endotoxin shock.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo,
      Japan. nagaoki@med.juntendo.ac.jp
FAU - Nagaoka, Isao
AU  - Nagaoka I
FAU - Hirota, Satoko
AU  - Hirota S
FAU - Niyonsaba, Francois
AU  - Niyonsaba F
FAU - Hirata, Michimasa
AU  - Hirata M
FAU - Adachi, Yoshiyuki
AU  - Adachi Y
FAU - Tamura, Hiroshi
AU  - Tamura H
FAU - Tanaka, Shigenori
AU  - Tanaka S
FAU - Heumann, Didier
AU  - Heumann D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD14)
RN  - 0 (Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Ion Channels)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide)
RN  - 0 (non-selective cation channel protein, human)
RN  - 143108-26-3 (CAP18 lipopolysaccharide-binding protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acids/*chemistry
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, CD14/analysis
MH  - Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/*chemistry
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrophobicity
MH  - Ion Channels/chemistry
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/*chemistry/pharmacology
MH  - Macrophages/chemistry/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Peptide Fragments/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Shock, Septic/chemically induced/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):972-82.

PMID- 12204947
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Impaired macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils in patients with
      human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
PG  - 983-6
AB  - Dysfunction of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNL]) and
      macrophagic cells occurs as a consequence of human immunodeficiency virus
      type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Macrophages contribute to the resolution of
      early inflammation ingesting PMNL apoptotic bodies. This study
      investigated macrophage ability to phagocytose PMNL apoptotic bodies in
      patients with HIV-1 infection in comparison with uninfected individuals
      and the effect of HIV Nef protein on apoptotic body phagocytosis to
      determine if phagocytic activity is impaired by HIV infection.
      Monocytes/macrophages were isolated from 10 HIV-1-infected patients and
      from five healthy volunteers, whereas PMNL were isolated from healthy
      volunteers. Macrophage phagocytosis of apoptotic PMNL was determined by
      staining of apoptotic bodies with fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A or
      with fluorescein-labeled phalloidin. Our data show significant impairment
      of PMNL apoptotic body macrophage phagocytosis in subjects with HIV-1
      infection presenting a concentration of CD4(+) T lymphocytes of >200/mm(3)
      and in particular in those with <200 CD4(+) T lymphocyte cells/mm(3). In
      addition, HIV-1 recombinant Nef protein is able to decrease phagocytosis
      of apoptotic PMNL from normal human macrophages in a dose-dependent
      manner. The results of our study suggest that impaired macrophage
      phagocytosis of PMNL apoptotic bodies may contribute to the persistence of
      the inflammatory state in HIV-infected subjects, especially during
      opportunistic infections that are often favored by defective phagocytic
      activity.
AD  - Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Regional Hospital, Varese,
      Italy. eiwlw@tin.it
FAU - Torre, Donato
AU  - Torre D
FAU - Gennero, Luisa
AU  - Gennero L
FAU - Baccino, F M
AU  - Baccino FM
FAU - Speranza, Filippo
AU  - Speranza F
FAU - Biondi, Gilberto
AU  - Biondi G
FAU - Pugliese, Agostino
AU  - Pugliese A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, nef)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Apoptosis/*immunology
MH  - Gene Products, nef/immunology/pharmacology
MH  - HIV Infections/*immunology
MH  - *HIV-1
MH  - Humans
MH  - Macrophages/*immunology/metabolism/virology
MH  - Neutrophils/*immunology/virology
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Phagocytosis/drug effects/*immunology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):983-6.

PMID- 12204948
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Evaluation of an in-house-developed radioassay kit for antibody detection
      in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis.
PG  - 987-93
AB  - A radioassay for the detection of antitubercular antibody has been
      developed. The technique involves the addition of (125)I-labeled
      Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen as a tracer, diluted clinical sample
      (serum or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF]), and heat-inactivated Staphylococcus
      aureus to capture the antibody, incubation for 4 h, and quantitation of
      the amount of antibody present in the sample. A total of 330 serum samples
      from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 138 control serum samples
      from individuals who were vaccinated with M. bovis BCG and from patients
      with pulmonary disorders of nontubercular origin were analyzed. Also, 26
      CSF samples from patients with tuberculous meningitis and 24 CSF samples
      as controls from patients with central nervous system disorders of
      nontuberculous origin were analyzed. Sensitivities of 80 and 73% were
      observed for patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous
      meningitis, respectively, and specificities of 90 and 88% were seen for
      the two groups of patients, respectively. The sensitivity was lower,
      however, for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients coinfected
      with M. tuberculosis. The control population could be differentiated from
      the patient population. This assay is rapid and user friendly and, with
      its good sensitivity and specificity, should benefit the population by
      providing diagnoses early in the course of disease and, hence, permit the
      early administration of appropriate chemotherapy.
AD  - Laboratory Nuclear Medicine Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, c/o
      Tata Memorial Centre Annexe. Department of Microbiology. Department of
      Pediatrics, K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai-400012, India.
FAU - Kameswaran, M
AU  - Kameswaran M
FAU - Shetty, K
AU  - Shetty K
FAU - Ray, M K
AU  - Ray MK
FAU - Jaleel, M A
AU  - Jaleel MA
FAU - Kadival, G V
AU  - Kadival GV
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology
MH  - Radioligand Assay/*methods
MH  - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Serologic Tests/methods
MH  - Tuberculosis, Meningeal/*diagnosis
MH  - Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*diagnosis
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):987-93.

PMID- 12204949
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Functional and phenotypic changes in circulating lymphocytes from
      hospitalized zambian children with measles.
PG  - 994-1003
AB  - Measles is associated with immunosuppression and increased susceptibility
      to secondary infections and is a particular problem in developing
      countries. Lymphocyte changes accompanying immune activation and
      regulation of the immune response may contribute to immunosuppression. To
      evaluate lymphocyte changes during measles, children (n = 274)
      hospitalized with measles in Lusaka, Zambia, were evaluated at entry,
      discharge, and 1-month follow-up and compared to healthy Zambian children
      (n = 98). Lymphopenia was present on hospital admission and reflected
      decreased CD4 and CD8 T cells but resolved quickly. Lymphopenia was most
      marked in girls, in those with temperatures of >38.5 degrees C, and in
      malnourished children. CD4/CD8 ratios were decreased at all time points
      and were lower in boys than in girls at discharge and follow-up.
      Spontaneous death occurred in cultured lymphocytes, and the proportions of
      freshly isolated cells undergoing apoptosis, based on annexin V and
      propidium iodide staining, were increased. Surface Fas was increased on
      both CD4 and CD8 T cells compared to controls, and expression was greater
      on CD4 T cells and was inversely correlated with lymphocyte viability in
      culture at study entry. Mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes improved
      viability, but inhibitors of Fas, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related
      apoptosis-inducing ligand, and TNF did not. Plasma levels of beta(2)
      microglobulin and soluble Fas, Fas ligand, CD8, CD4, and TNF receptor were
      increased, and soluble CD8 was higher in boys than in girls. The multiple
      effects of measles on lymphocytes from Zambian children include decreased
      numbers in circulation, increased activation, and increased susceptibility
      to cell death, with substantive differences in the magnitude of these
      changes between boys and girls.
AD  - W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
      Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
      21205, USA.
FAU - Ryon, Judith J
AU  - Ryon JJ
FAU - Moss, William J
AU  - Moss WJ
FAU - Monze, Mwaka
AU  - Monze M
FAU - Griffin, Diane E
AU  - Griffin DE
LA  - eng
GR  - AI 23047/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Annexin A5)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD95)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Surface)
SB  - IM
MH  - Annexin A5/metabolism
MH  - Antigens, CD95/blood
MH  - Antigens, Surface/blood
MH  - Apoptosis/immunology
MH  - Cell Survival/immunology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Hospitalized
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunophenotyping
MH  - Infant
MH  - Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Lymphopenia/immunology/virology
MH  - Male
MH  - Measles/*immunology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Zambia
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):994-1003.

PMID- 12204950
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparison of in-house and commercial slides for detection by
      immunofluorescence of immunoglobulins G and M against Bartonella henselae
      and Bartonella quintana.
PG  - 1004-9
AB  - We compared the sensitivities and specificities of indirect fluorescent
      antibody tests developed in our laboratory and commercially available from
      Focus Technologies (FT; formerly MRL Diagnostic) for detection of serum
      antibodies to Bartonella spp. Serum samples tested were from patients with
      culture- or PCR-confirmed Bartonella quintana or B. henselae infections
      causing cat scratch disease (CSD), chronic bacteremia, or endocarditis. At
      a cutoff titer of 64, the FT test had higher sensitivity than our in-house
      test in detecting anti-B. henselae immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in
      CSD patients (91.2 versus 52.9%; P < 0.001). The specificity in serum
      samples from 85 control patients was, however, lower with the FT test
      (87%) than with the in-house test (98.8%) (P = 0.002). A cutoff titer of
      128 improves the specificity for the FT test but lowers the sensitivity to
      85%. For patients infected with B. henselae, our in-house test, but not
      the FT test, enabled endocarditis to be detected more reliably. With the
      in-house test, titers of IgG against B. henselae of >/=1,024 were found
      only in endocarditis patients and not in CSD patients. With the FT test,
      19.1% of CSD patients had titers of IgG against B. henselae of >/=1,024 (P
      < 0.001). Our in-house technique also improved detection of anti-B.
      quintana antibodies in homeless patients with endocarditis. IgG titers of
      >/=1,024 were present in 75% of serum samples, but only in 16.7% of serum
      samples with the FT test (P = 0.004). Since each test has advantages over
      the other, the serological diagnosis of Bartonella infections would
      benefit if both tests were used concurrently.
AD  - Unite des Rickettsies, CNRS UMR 6020, IFR 48, Faculte de Medecine,
      Universite de la Mediterranee, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
FAU - Maurin, M
AU  - Maurin M
FAU - Rolain, J M
AU  - Rolain JM
FAU - Raoult, D
AU  - Raoult D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/*analysis
MH  - Bacteremia/diagnosis
MH  - Bartonella henselae/*immunology
MH  - Bartonella quintana/*immunology
MH  - Cat-Scratch Disease/*diagnosis
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/analysis
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/analysis
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Trench Fever/*diagnosis
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1004-9.

PMID- 12204951
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Antibody responses of cattle with respiratory coronavirus infections
      during pathogenesis of shipping fever pneumonia are lower with antigens of
      enteric strains than with those of a respiratory strain.
PG  - 1010-3
AB  - The serum antibody responses of cattle with respiratory coronavirus
      infections during the pathogenesis of shipping fever pneumonia were
      analyzed with different bovine coronavirus antigens, including those from
      a wild-type respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) strain (97TXSF-Lu 15-2)
      directly isolated from lung tissue from a fatally infected bovine, a
      wild-type enteropathogenic bovine coronavirus (EBCV) strain (Ly 138-3),
      and the highly cell culture-adapted, enteric prototype strain (EBCV
      L9-81). Infectivity-neutralizing (IN) and hemagglutinin-inhibiting (HAI)
      activities were tested. Sequential serum samples, collected during the
      onset of the respiratory coronavirus infection and at weekly intervals for
      5 weeks thereafter, had significantly higher IN and HAI titers for
      antigens of RBCV strain 97TXSF-Lu15-2 than for the wild-type and the
      highly cell culture-adapted EBCV strains, with P values ranging from
      <0.0001 to 0.0483. The IN and HAI antibody responses against the two EBCV
      strains did not differ significantly, but the lowest titers were detected
      with EBCV strain L9-81.
AD  - Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine,
      Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
FAU - Lin, Xiao-Qing
AU  - Lin XQ
FAU - O'Reilly, Kathy L
AU  - O'Reilly KL
FAU - Storz, Johannes
AU  - Storz J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/*blood
MH  - Antigens, Viral/blood
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Coronavirus Infections/*immunology/*veterinary
MH  - Coronavirus, Bovine/classification/*immunology
MH  - Intestines/virology
MH  - Lung/virology
MH  - Neutralization Tests
MH  - Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic/etiology/*immunology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Serotyping/veterinary
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1010-3.

PMID- 12204952
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Comparison between the skin snip test and simple dot blot assay as
      potential rapid assessment tools for Onchocerciasis in the postcontrol era
      in Ghana.
PG  - 1014-20
AB  - Successful control of onchocerciasis through mass distribution of
      ivermectin needs to be coupled with reliable, sensitive, specific, yet
      affordable diagnostic methods to monitor and ensure the efficacy of such
      measures. The effort put into the development of diagnostic methods for
      onchocerciasis that can substitute for or work in combination with the
      present "gold standard," the skin snip test, has resulted in the discovery
      of a number of immunogenic proteins with potential use as diagnostic tools
      in the postcontrol era. Most of these proteins have now been produced
      through recombinant DNA techniques. However, when costs are not a trivial
      issue, none of them have yet found their way into the areas where the
      disease still exists. In the present study, we have evaluated the
      performance of a simple dot blot assay which uses a mixture of native
      proteins designated PakF as a serious contender in the quest for a less
      invasive and more sensitive method to detect Onchocerca volvulus infection
      in areas with diverse endemicities. Our results indicate that the assay we
      propose is more sensitive than the skin snip test and shows high
      specificity, both characteristics required for a suitable tool for the
      monitoring of onchocerciasis in the postcontrol era.
AD  - Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute and Swedish
      Institute for Infectious Disease Control, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
FAU - Guzman, G E
AU  - Guzman GE
FAU - Awadzi, K
AU  - Awadzi K
FAU - Opoku, N
AU  - Opoku N
FAU - Narayanan, R B
AU  - Narayanan RB
FAU - Akuffo, H O
AU  - Akuffo HO
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Helminth)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Helminth/analysis/immunology
MH  - Biopsy/*methods/standards
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Cross Reactions
MH  - Ghana
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoblotting/*methods/standards
MH  - Mass Screening/methods
MH  - Onchocerca volvulus/*isolation & purification
MH  - Onchocerciasis/*pathology
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Skin/parasitology/*pathology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1014-20.

PMID- 12204953
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Calcium phosphate nanoparticles induce mucosal immunity and protection
      against herpes simplex virus type 2.
PG  - 1021-4
AB  - Previously we reported that calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CAP)
      represented a superior alternative to alum adjuvants in mice immunized
      with viral protein. Additionally, we showed that CAP was safe and elicited
      no detectable immunoglobulin E (IgE) response. In this study, we
      demonstrated that following mucosal delivery of herpes simplex virus type
      2 (HSV-2) antigen with CAP, CAP adjuvant enhanced protective systemic and
      mucosal immunity versus live virus. Mice were immunized intravaginally and
      intranasally with HSV-2 protein plus CAP adjuvant (HSV-2+CAP), CAP alone,
      phosphate-buffered saline, or HSV-2 alone. HSV-2+CAP induced HSV-specific
      mucosal IgA and IgG and concurrently enhanced systemic IgG responses. Our
      results demonstrate the potency of CAP as a mucosal adjuvant. Furthermore,
      we show that systemic immunity could be induced via the mucosal route
      following inoculation with CAP-based vaccine. Moreover, neutralizing
      antibodies were found in the sera of mice immunized intranasally or
      intravaginally with HSV-2+CAP. Also, the results of our in vivo
      experiments indicated that mice vaccinated with HSV-2+CAP were protected
      against live HSV-2 infection. In conclusion, these preclinical data
      support the hypothesis that CAP may be an effective mucosal adjuvant that
      protects against viral infection.
AD  - BioSante Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Smyrna, Georgia 30082, USA.
      qinghe@bellsouth.net
FAU - He, Qing
AU  - He Q
FAU - Mitchell, Alaina
AU  - Mitchell A
FAU - Morcol, Tulin
AU  - Morcol T
FAU - Bell, Steve J D
AU  - Bell SJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Calcium Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (alpha-tricalcium phosphate)
RN  - 0 (dicalcium phosphate anhydrous)
RN  - 0 (monocalcium phosphate)
RN  - 0 (tetracalcium phosphate)
RN  - 10103-46-5 (calcium phosphate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Calcium Phosphates/*pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Herpes Genitalis/immunology/mortality/*prevention & control
MH  - Herpesvirus 2, Human/*immunology
MH  - *Immunization
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Nasal Mucosa
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Vagina
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1021-4.

PMID- 12204954
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Serodiagnosis of mice minute virus and mouse parvovirus infections in mice
      by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with baculovirus-expressed
      recombinant VP2 proteins.
PG  - 1025-31
AB  - Mice minute virus (MMV) and mouse parvovirus (MPV) type 1 are the two
      parvoviruses known to naturally infect laboratory mice and are among the
      most prevalent infectious agents found in contemporary laboratory mouse
      colonies. Serologic assays are commonly used to diagnose MMV and MPV
      infections in laboratory mice; however, highly accurate, high-throughput
      serologic assays for the detection of MMV- and MPV-infected mice are
      needed. To this end, the major capsid viral protein (VP2) genes of MMV and
      MPV were cloned and MMV recombinant VP2 (rVP2) and MPV rVP2 proteins were
      expressed by using a baculovirus system. MMV rVP2 and MPV rVP2
      spontaneously formed virus-like particles that were morphologically
      similar to empty parvovirus capsids. These proteins were used as antigens
      in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect anti-MMV or
      anti-MPV antibodies in the sera of infected mice. Sera from mice
      experimentally infected with MMV (n = 43) or MPV (n = 35) and sera from
      uninfected mice (n = 30) were used to evaluate the ELISAs. The MMV ELISA
      was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in detecting MMV-infected mice, and
      the MPV ELISA was 100% sensitive and 98.6% specific in detecting
      MPV-infected mice. Both assays outperformed a parvovirus ELISA that uses a
      recombinant nonstructural protein (NS1) of MMV as antigen. The MMV rVP2
      and MPV rVP2 proteins provide a ready source of easily produced antigen,
      and the ELISAs developed provide highly accurate, high-throughput assays
      for the serodiagnosis of MMV and MPV infections in laboratory mice.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine,
      University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
      LivingstonR@missouri.edu
FAU - Livingston, Robert S
AU  - Livingston RS
FAU - Besselsen, David G
AU  - Besselsen DG
FAU - Steffen, Earl K
AU  - Steffen EK
FAU - Besch-Williford, Cynthia L
AU  - Besch-Williford CL
FAU - Franklin, Craig L
AU  - Franklin CL
FAU - Riley, Lela K
AU  - Riley LK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Baculoviridae/genetics
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Capsid Proteins/*diagnostic use/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/*methods
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - *Mice Minute Virus
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Inbred C3H
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Inbred DBA
MH  - Parvoviridae Infections/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/diagnostic use/genetics/immunology
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Serologic Tests
MH  - Virion
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1025-31.

PMID- 12204955
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Specificities and opsonophagocytic activities of antibodies to
      pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides in sera of unimmunized young
      children.
PG  - 1032-8
AB  - An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibodies to pneumococcal capsular
      polysaccharides (Pnc PSs) detects in some cases antibodies that are
      cross-reactive within different Pnc PSs. Recently, it has been suggested
      that for detection of only serotype-specific antibodies, EIA can be
      modified by removing cross-reactive antibodies by absorption with an
      irrelevant PS, e.g., the type 22F PS. The opsonophagocytosis assay
      measures the functional activities of antibodies in vitro, and the results
      of that assay correlate with in vivo protection better than measurement of
      the antibody concentration by EIA. We compared these different methods for
      measuring antibodies to type 1, 6B, 11A, 14, 19F, and 23F Pnc PSs in the
      sera of unimmunized young children who had been monitored for pneumococcal
      carriage, acute otitis media, and acquisition of antibodies to Pnc PSs
      from 2 to 24 months of age. Serum samples with antibody increases after
      contact with a pneumococcus of a homologous serotype contained specific
      antibodies and often had opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) (20 of 46). In
      samples with antibody increases from children who had not had contact with
      a pneumococcus of a homologous serotype, the antibodies found to be type
      specific by conventional EIA were usually cross-reactive and infrequently
      had OPA (10 of 68). When type 22F PS absorption was used in the EIA, most
      of the false antibody increases were eliminated, but most of the true
      antibody increases were still detected and the association between the
      antibody concentration detected by EIA and OPA was improved. However,
      there were serotype-dependent differences in the frequency of OPA. Use of
      absorption with a heterologous PS in EIA should be encouraged, and both
      the specificity of EIA and the sensitivity of opsonophagocytic assays
      should be further evaluated and improved.
AD  - Department of Vaccines, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki,
      Finland. anu.soininen@kyl.fi
FAU - Soininen, Anu
AU  - Soininen A
FAU - Karpala, Maijastiina
AU  - Karpala M
FAU - Wahlman, Sirkka-Liisa
AU  - Wahlman SL
FAU - Lehtonen, Hannele
AU  - Lehtonen H
FAU - Kayhty, Helena
AU  - Kayhty H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Capsules)
SB  - IM
MH  - Absorption
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood/immunology
MH  - *Antibody Specificity
MH  - Bacterial Capsules/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cross Reactions
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoenzyme Techniques
MH  - Infant
MH  - Phagocytosis/*immunology
MH  - Pneumococcal Infections/*immunology
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Streptococcus pneumoniae/*immunology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1032-8.

PMID- 12204956
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - In vitro whole-blood analysis of cellular immunity in patients with active
      coccidioidomycosis by using the antigen preparation T27K.
PG  - 1039-43
AB  - Measurement of cellular immunity in human coccidioidomycosis has important
      diagnostic and prognostic implications. The coccidioidin skin test has
      been the standard for the measurement of this, but it is not available in
      the United States. We examined the utility of measuring surface expression
      of CD69 on T lymphocytes in whole blood incubated with the coccidioidal
      antigen preparation T27K as an alternative to the skin test. Seventy
      donors with active coccidioidomycosis were studied. The mean fluorescent
      intensity (MFI) of CD69 expression on CD3 lymphocytes in response to T27K
      was 28.61 +/- 1.77, significantly greater than the control response of
      11.45 +/- 0.78 (P < 0.001). The MFI CD69 response to T27K above that for
      the control (MFI CD69 above control) was 6.35 +/- 2.18 for seven subjects
      with disseminated coccidioidomycosis who were studied within 5 months of
      diagnosis. This was significantly below the value of 20.17 +/- 3.17 for 18
      subjects with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis studied within 5 months of
      diagnosis and the value of 19.58 +/- 2.91 for 27 subjects with
      disseminated coccidioidomycosis studied after 5 months of diagnosis (for
      both, P < 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between coccidioidal
      clinical score and MFI CD69 above control for all 34 subjects with
      disseminated coccidioidomycosis (r = 0.362; P = 0.036) but not for the 36
      subjects with pulmonary disease (r < 0.001; P = 0.993). Among 30 subjects
      for whom data were available, there was a highly significant association
      between the MFI CD69 above control and the supernatant concentrations of
      gamma interferon, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha
      (for all, P < 0.001), but not for IL-4, IL-5, or IL-10. These data
      indicate that in vitro assessment of CD69 expression on T lymphocytes by
      using T27K may be a useful measure of cellular immune response among
      subjects with active coccidioidomycosis.
AD  - Medicine and Primary Care Service, Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs
      Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona 85723, USA. nampel@u.arizona.edu
FAU - Ampel, Neil M
AU  - Ampel NM
FAU - Kramer, Larissa A
AU  - Kramer LA
FAU - Li, Lijin
AU  - Li L
FAU - Carroll, Deborah S
AU  - Carroll DS
FAU - Kerekes, Kathleen M
AU  - Kerekes KM
FAU - Johnson, Suzanne M
AU  - Johnson SM
FAU - Pappagianis, Demosthenes
AU  - Pappagianis D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (CD69 antigen)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Antigens, CD/analysis
MH  - Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
MH  - Antigens, Fungal/diagnostic use
MH  - Coccidioidomycosis/*diagnosis/*immunology
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunity, Cellular
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/chemistry/*immunology/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1039-43.

PMID- 12204957
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Immunoglobulin G antibody against Helicobacter pylori: clinical
      implications of levels found in serum.
PG  - 1044-8
AB  - The clinical significance of high levels of antibody against Helicobacter
      pylori is still unclear. We sought to evaluate whether the serum antibody
      levels could predict the presence of macroscopic gastroduodenal disease,
      to identify factors that correlate with antibody levels in a multivariate
      context, and to determine the predictive value of antibody levels for
      diagnosing H. pylori infection. The grades of gastritis and density of H.
      pylori colonization were scored separately using the updated Sydney system
      for antral and body mucosa. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
      for the quantitative detection in serum of IgG antibodies to H. pylori was
      performed. Of the 170 dyspeptic patients, 105 (62%) had H. pylori
      infection. There was no difference in antibody levels among endoscopic
      findings of normal mucosa, chronic gastritis, and duodenal ulcer. On
      multivariate linear regression analysis, the status of H. pylori
      infection, mononuclear cell infiltration of body mucosa, and age
      correlated with antibody levels. The negative predictive value for
      antibody levels of <30 U/ml is 94%, and the positive predictive value of
      antibody levels of >70 U/ml is 98%. We conclude that serum antibody levels
      do not predict the severity of gastroduodenal diseases or the density of
      H. pylori colonization in H. pylori-infected dyspeptic patients. Higher
      levels are associated with the presence of H. pylori infection, the
      chronic gastritis score of the corpus, and older age. Setting a gray zone
      is necessary for ELISA, since the accuracy in this zone does not allow a
      precise determination of H. pylori status.
AD  - Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans
      General Hospital. National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic
      of China. tschen@vghtpe.gov.tw
FAU - Chen, Tseng-Shing
AU  - Chen TS
FAU - Li, Fen-Yau
AU  - Li FY
FAU - Chang, Full-Young
AU  - Chang FY
FAU - Lee, Shou-Dong
AU  - Lee SD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood
MH  - Atrophy
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastric Mucosa/microbiology/pathology
MH  - Gastritis/*diagnosis/microbiology/pathology
MH  - Helicobacter Infections/*diagnosis/immunology/pathology
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1044-8.

PMID- 12204958
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Spontaneous cytokine production and its effect on induced production.
PG  - 1049-56
AB  - Cytokines regulate cellular immune activity and are produced by a variety
      of cells, especially lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages.
      Multiparameter flow cytometry is often used to examine cell-specific
      cytokine production after in vitro phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and
      ionomycin induction, with brefeldin A or other agents added to inhibit
      protein secretion. Spontaneous ex vivo production reportedly rarely
      occurs. We examined the spontaneous production of interleukin 2 (IL-2),
      IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and
      gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by peripheral-blood B lymphocytes, T cells,
      CD8(-) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, CD3(-) CD16/56(+) lymphocytes (natural
      killer [NK] cells), CD3(+) CD16/56(+) lymphocytes (natural T [NT] cells),
      and/or monocytes of 316 acutely ill hospitalized persons and 62 healthy
      adults in Malawi, Africa. We also evaluated the relationship between
      spontaneous and induced cytokine production. In patients, spontaneous
      TNF-alpha production occurred most frequently, followed in descending
      order by IFN-gamma, IL-8, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, and IL-2. Various cells of 60
      patients spontaneously produced TNF-alpha; for 12 of these patients,
      TNF-alpha was the only cytokine produced spontaneously. Spontaneous
      cytokine production was most frequent in the immunoregulatory cells, NK
      and NT. For IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, spontaneous cytokine
      production was associated with greater induced production. For TNF-alpha
      and IFN-gamma, the relationships varied by cell type. For healthy adults,
      IL-6 was the cytokine most often produced spontaneously. Spontaneous
      cytokine production was not unusual in these acutely ill and healthy
      persons living in an area where human immunodeficiency virus,
      mycobacterial, malaria, and assorted parasitic infections are endemic. In
      such populations, spontaneous, as well as induced, cell-specific cytokine
      production should be measured and evaluated in relation to various disease
      states.
AD  - Division of AIDS, STD, and TB Laboratory Research, National Center for
      Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Public
      Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta,
      Georgia 30333, USA. ziq4@cdc.gov
FAU - Walker, Derrick
AU  - Walker D
FAU - Jason, Janine
AU  - Jason J
FAU - Wallace, Kelly
AU  - Wallace K
FAU - Slaughter, Justin
AU  - Slaughter J
FAU - Whatley, Virginia
AU  - Whatley V
FAU - Han, Alison
AU  - Han A
FAU - Nwanyanwu, Okey C
AU  - Nwanyanwu OC
FAU - Kazembe, Peter N
AU  - Kazembe PN
FAU - Dobbie, Hamish
AU  - Dobbie H
FAU - Archibald, Lennox
AU  - Archibald L
FAU - Jarvis, William R
AU  - Jarvis WR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-8)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Cytokines/*biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunity, Cellular/*immunology
MH  - Interferon Type II/biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-10/biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-4/biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-6/biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-8/biosynthesis/immunology
MH  - Lymphocytes/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Monocytes/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis/immunology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1049-56.

PMID- 12204959
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Bacillus species are present in chewing tobacco sold in the United States
      and evoke plasma exudation from the oral mucosa.
PG  - 1057-60
AB  - Five Bacillus species, predominantly Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus
      pumilus, were isolated from two popular brands of commercially available
      chewing tobacco [(5.0 +/- 1) x 10(6) CFU/ml of supernatant; results for
      four experiments]. Moreover, the supernatant of the Bacillus culture
      evoked plasma exudation from postcapillary venules in the intact hamster
      cheek pouch, exudation that was mediated by the kallikrein/kinin metabolic
      pathway. Taken together, these data indicate that Bacillus species
      contaminate chewing tobacco commercially available in the United States
      and elaborate a potent exogenous virulence factor(s) that injures the oral
      mucosa.
AD  - Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago,Chicago,
      Illinois 60612, USA. IRubinst@uic.edu
FAU - Rubinstein, Israel
AU  - Rubinstein I
FAU - Pedersen, Gerald W
AU  - Pedersen GW
LA  - eng
GR  - DE00386/DE/NIDCR
GR  - DE10347/DE/NIDCR
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
SB  - IM
MH  - Bacillus megaterium/growth & development/*isolation & purification
MH  - Exudates and Transudates/metabolism/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Keratinocytes/metabolism/microbiology
MH  - Mouth Mucosa/cytology/metabolism/*microbiology
MH  - Plasma/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Spores, Bacterial
MH  - *Tobacco, Smokeless
MH  - United States
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1057-60.

PMID- 12204960
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Use of egg yolk-derived immunoglobulin as an alternative to antibiotic
      treatment for control of Helicobacter pylori infection.
PG  - 1061-6
AB  - The present study evaluated the potential use of immunoglobulin prepared
      from the egg yolk of hens immunized with Helicobacter pylori
      (immunoglobulin Y [IgY]-Hp) in the treatment of H. pylori infections. The
      purity of our purified IgY-Hp was 91.3%, with a yield of 9.4 mg of IgY per
      ml of egg yolk. The titer for IgY-Hp was 16 times higher than that for IgY
      in egg yolk from nonimmunized hens, and IgY-Hp significantly inhibited the
      growth and urease activity of H. pylori in vitro. Bacterial adhesion on
      AGS cells was definitely reduced by preincubation of both H. pylori (10(8)
      CFU/ml) and 10 mg of IgY-Hp/ml. In Mongolian gerbil models, IgY-Hp
      decreased H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal injury as determined by the
      degree of lymphocyte and neutrophil infiltration. Therefore, in this
      experimental model, H. pylori-associated gastritis could be successfully
      treated by orally administered IgY-Hp. The immunological activity of
      IgY-Hp stayed active at 60 degrees C for 10 min, suggesting that
      pasteurization can be applied to sterilize the product. Fortification of
      food products with this immunoglobulin would significantly decrease the H.
      pylori infection. In conclusion, the IgY-Hp obtained from hens immunized
      by H. pylori could provide a novel alternative approach to treatment of H.
      pylori infection.
AD  - Research Center for Gastroenterology, Dankook University College of
      Medicine, Cheonan, Korea.
FAU - Shin, Ji-Hyun
AU  - Shin JH
FAU - Yang, Mierha
AU  - Yang M
FAU - Nam, Seung Woo
AU  - Nam SW
FAU - Kim, Jung Taik
AU  - Kim JT
FAU - Myung, Na Hye
AU  - Myung NH
FAU - Bang, Won-Gi
AU  - Bang WG
FAU - Roe, Im Hwan
AU  - Roe IH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (IgY)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulins)
RN  - EC 3.5.1.5 (Urease)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents
MH  - Bacterial Adhesion
MH  - Chickens
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Egg Yolk/immunology
MH  - Gastritis/immunology/therapy
MH  - Gerbillinae
MH  - Helicobacter Infections/immunology/*therapy
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/enzymology/growth & development/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization
MH  - Immunoglobulins/isolation & purification/*therapeutic use
MH  - *Immunotherapy
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Stomach Neoplasms
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Urease/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1061-6.

PMID- 12204961
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Immunoglobulin G antibody response to infection with coccoid forms of
      Helicobacter pylori.
PG  - 1067-71
AB  - An increasing number of studies support a potential role for coccoid forms
      in Helicobacter pylori infection. Evidence for this was obtained through
      scanning microscopy, genetic analysis for virulence traits, examination of
      the presence and activity of key enzymes, and other methods. We studied
      the serum immunoglobulin G responses to coccoid H. pylori forms by
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting and compared
      them with those of bacillary cells. Sera from a total of 295 infected
      individuals were studied; these included sera from 100 patients with
      duodenal ulcers, 98 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, 11 patients with
      gastroduodenal cancer, and 86 asymptomatic individuals. Initially, we
      characterized and selected coccoid and bacillary antigenic preparations by
      one-dimensional (1-D) and 2-D gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Data
      showed that coccoid and bacillary preparations with comparable protein
      contents have similar patterns in 1-D and 2-D electrophoresis gels and
      antigenic recognition at blotting. These results revealed that coccoid and
      spiral antigens in ELISA can equally recognize specific antibodies to H.
      pylori in sera from infected individuals. The analysis of the spiral and
      coccoid preparations by Western blotting showed no major differences in
      antigen recognition. No specific bands or profiles associated with a
      single gastric condition were identified.
AD  - Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology,
      University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. gfiguero@uchile.cl
FAU - Figueroa, G
AU  - Figueroa G
FAU - Faundez, G
AU  - Faundez G
FAU - Troncoso, M
AU  - Troncoso M
FAU - Navarrete, P
AU  - Navarrete P
FAU - Toledo, M S
AU  - Toledo MS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood
MH  - Antigens, Bacterial/analysis
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Helicobacter Infections/*immunology/microbiology
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/*immunology/pathogenicity/ultrastructure
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Virulence
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1067-71.

PMID- 12204962
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Clinical and epidemiological relevance of quantitating hepatitis E
      virus-specific immunoglobulin M.
PG  - 1072-8
AB  - Diagnosis of acute hepatitis E by detection of hepatitis E virus
      (HEV)-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) is an established procedure. We
      investigated whether quantitation of HEV IgM and its ratio to HEV total Ig
      furnished more information than conventional IgM tests that are
      interpreted as positive or negative. A previously described indirect
      immunoassay for total Ig against a baculovirus-expressed HEV capsid
      protein was modified to quantitate HEV-specific IgM in Walter Reed (WR)
      antibody units by using a reference antiserum and the four-parameter
      logistic model. A receiver-operating characteristics curve derived from
      197 true-positive specimens and 449 true-negative specimens identified 30
      WR units/ml as an optimum cut point. The median HEV IgM level in 36
      patients with acute hepatitis E fell from 3,000 to 100 WR units/ml over 6
      months, suggesting that 100 WR units/ml would be a more appropriate cut
      point for distinguishing recent from remote IgM responses. Among three
      hepatitis E case series, determination of the HEV IgM-to-total-Ig ratio in
      acute-phase serum revealed that most patients had high ratios consistent
      with primary infections whereas a few had low ratios, suggesting that they
      had sustained reinfections that elicited anamnestic antibody responses.
      The diagnostic utility of the new IgM test was similar to that of a
      commercially available test that uses different HEV antigens. In
      conclusion, we found that HEV IgM can be detected specifically in >95% of
      acute hepatitis E cases defined by detection of the virus genome in serum
      and that quantitation of HEV IgM and its ratio to total Ig provides
      insight into infection timing and prior immunity.
AD  - Department of Virus Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research,
      Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA.
FAU - Seriwatana, Jitvimol
AU  - Seriwatana J
FAU - Shrestha, Mrigendra P
AU  - Shrestha MP
FAU - Scott, Robert M
AU  - Scott RM
FAU - Tsarev, Sergei A
AU  - Tsarev SA
FAU - Vaughn, David W
AU  - Vaughn DW
FAU - Myint, Khin Saw Aye
AU  - Myint KS
FAU - Innis, Bruce L
AU  - Innis BL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
SB  - IM
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - DNA, Viral/analysis
MH  - Hepatitis Antibodies/blood/*diagnostic use
MH  - Hepatitis E/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/immunology
MH  - Hepatitis E virus/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoenzyme Techniques/methods/standards
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood/diagnostic use
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/blood/*diagnostic use
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Recurrence
MH  - Reference Standards
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1072-8.

PMID- 12204963
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Cytokine gene expression by peripheral blood leukocytes in horses
      experimentally infected with Anaplasma phagocytophila.
PG  - 1079-84
AB  - Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), a tick-borne zoonosis, is caused by
      an obligatory intragranulocytic bacterium, the HGE agent, a strain of
      Anaplasma phagocytophila. The equine model of HGE is considered valuable
      in understanding pathogenic and immune mechanisms of HGE. In the present
      study, cytokine mRNA expression by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in
      horses was examined during the course of infection by intravenous
      inoculation of A. phagocytophila or by allowing feeding by infected ticks.
      The p44 genes encoding the major outer membrane protein P44s of A.
      phagocytophila were detected by PCR in PBLs of all four horses from 4 to
      20 days postexposure. During the 20-day infection period,
      interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)
      mRNA expression was upregulated in PBLs of all four horses, and IL-8 mRNA
      expression was upregulated in three horses. Gamma interferon, IL-10, and
      IL-12 p35 mRNAs were weakly expressed in only one horse each. IL-2, IL-4,
      IL-6, and IL-12 p40 mRNA expression, however, could not be detected in the
      PBLs of any of the four horses. These results suggest that IL-1beta,
      TNF-alpha, and IL-8 generation during A. phagocytophila infection has a
      primary role in HGE pathogenesis and immunomodulation.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus,
      Ohio 43210-1093, USA.
FAU - Kim, Hyung-Yong
AU  - Kim HY
FAU - Mott, Jason
AU  - Mott J
FAU - Zhi, Ning
AU  - Zhi N
FAU - Tajima, Tomoko
AU  - Tajima T
FAU - Rikihisa, Yasuko
AU  - Rikihisa Y
LA  - eng
GR  - AI30010/AI/NIAID
GR  - AI40934/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (p44 protein, Anaplasma phagocytophila)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaplasma phagocytophilum/*immunology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/genetics
MH  - Cytokines/*genetics
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Ehrlichiosis/*immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
MH  - Gene Expression/immunology
MH  - Horses
MH  - Leukocytes/*microbiology/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - RNA, Messenger/analysis
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Tick-Borne Diseases/immunology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1079-84.

PMID- 12204964
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Affordable CD4(+)-T-cell counting by flow cytometry: CD45 gating for
      volumetric analysis.
PG  - 1085-94
AB  - The flow cytometers that are currently supported by industry provide
      accurate CD4(+)-T-cell counts for monitoring human immunodeficiency virus
      disease but remain unaffordable for routine service work under
      resource-poor conditions. We therefore combined volumetric flow cytometry
      (measuring absolute lymphocyte counts in unit volumes of blood) and
      simpler protocols with generic monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to increase
      cost efficiency. Volumetric absolute counts were generated using CD45/CD4
      and CD45/CD8 MAb combinations in two parallel tubes. The percentage values
      for the various subsets were also determined within the leukocyte and
      lymphocyte populations utilizing a fully automated protocol. The levels of
      agreement between the newly developed method and the present industry
      standards, including both volumetric and bead-based systems using a full
      MAb panel for subset analysis, were tested by Bland-Altman analyses. The
      limits of agreement for CD4 counts generated by the volumetric methods
      using either CD45/CD4 (in a single tube) or the full Trio MAb panel (in
      three tubes) on the CytoronAbsolute flow cytometer were between -29 and
      +46 cells/mm(3) with very little bias for CD4 counts (in favor of the Trio
      method: +8 CD4(+) lymphocytes/mm(3); 0.38% of lymphocytes). The limits of
      agreement for absolute CD4 counts yielded by the volumetric CD45/CD4
      method and the bead-based method were between -118 and +98 cells/mm(3),
      again with a negligible bias (-10 CD4(+) lymphocytes/mm(3)). In the
      volumetric method using CD45/CD8, the strongly CD8(+) cells were gated and
      the levels of agreement with the full Trio showed a minor bias (in favor
      of the Trio; +40 CD8(+) cells/mm(3); 5.2% of lymphocytes) without a
      significant influence on CD4/CD8 ratios. One trained flow cytometrist was
      able to process 300 to 400 stained tubes per day. This workload
      extrapolates to a throughput of >30,000 samples per year if both CD45/CD4
      and CD45/CD8 stainings are performed for each patient or a throughput of
      >60,000 samples if only CD45/CD4 counts are tested in a single tube. Thus,
      on the basis of the high efficiency and excellent agreement with the
      present industry standards, volumetric flow cytometers with automated
      gating protocols and autobiosamplers, complemented by generic CD45, CD4,
      and CD8 MAbs used in two-color immunofluorescence, represent the most
      suitable arrangements for large regional laboratories in resource-poor
      settings.
AD  - HIV Immunology, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Royal
      Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
      janossy@rfhsm.u-net.com
FAU - Janossy, George
AU  - Janossy G
FAU - Jani, Ilesh V
AU  - Jani IV
FAU - Bradley, Nicholas J
AU  - Bradley NJ
FAU - Bikoue, Arsene
AU  - Bikoue A
FAU - Pitfield, Tim
AU  - Pitfield T
FAU - Glencross, Debbie K
AU  - Glencross DK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD4)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD45)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD8)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antigens, CD4/analysis
MH  - Antigens, CD45/*analysis
MH  - Antigens, CD8/analysis
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*chemistry/*cytology
MH  - Cell Count/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Flow Cytometry/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1085-94.

PMID- 12204965
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Gamma interferon inhibits production of Anti-OspA borreliacidal antibody
      in vitro.
PG  - 1095-101
AB  - The ability of a Lyme borreliosis vaccine to induce and maintain sustained
      levels of borreliacidal antibody is necessary for prolonged protection
      against infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Vaccination against infection
      with B. burgdorferi could be improved by determining the mechanism(s) that
      influences the production of protective borreliacidal antibody.
      Borreliacidal antibody was inhibited in cultures of lymph node cells
      obtained from C3H/HeJ mice vaccinated with formalin-inactivated B.
      burgdorferi and cultured with macrophages and B. burgdorferi and treated
      with recombinant gamma interferon (rIFN-gamma). The suppression of
      production of outer surface protein A (OspA) borreliacidal antibody by
      rIFN-gamma was not affected by the time of treatment. In addition,
      treatment with rIFN-gamma inhibited the production of other anti-B.
      burgdorferi antibodies. By contrast, treatment of cultures of immune lymph
      node cells with anti-IFN-gamma marginally increased the production of
      borreliacidal antibody and enhanced the production of other antibodies
      directed against B. burgdorferi. These results show that IFN-gamma does
      not play a major role in the production of anti-OspA borreliacidal
      antibody. Additional studies are needed to determine which cytokine(s)
      will enhance production of borreliacidal antibody.
AD  - Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
      Wisconsin 53706, USA.
FAU - Munson, Erik L
AU  - Munson EL
FAU - Du Chateau, Brian K
AU  - Du Chateau BK
FAU - Jensen, Jani R
AU  - Jensen JR
FAU - Callister, Steven M
AU  - Callister SM
FAU - DeCoster, David J
AU  - DeCoster DJ
FAU - Schell, Ronald F
AU  - Schell RF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Surface)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Lipoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Lyme Disease Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (OspA protein)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/*biosynthesis
MH  - Antigens, Surface/*immunology
MH  - Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/*immunology
MH  - Borrelia burgdorferi/*immunology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Interferon Type II/immunology/*pharmacology
MH  - *Lipoproteins
MH  - Lyme Disease/*immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Lyme Disease Vaccines
MH  - Lymph Nodes/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/cytology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C3H
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/immunology/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1095-101.

PMID- 12204966
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041217
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Suppression of growth by all-trans retinoic acid requires prolonged
      induction of interferon regulatory factor 1 in cervical squamous carcinoma
      (SiHa) cells.
PG  - 1102-6
AB  - All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) suppresses growth of cervical dysplasias in
      vivo, although the sensitivity to retinoids is frequently lost during
      cervical carcinogenesis. It has been suggested that prolonged treatment or
      use of higher doses of retinoids might offer favorable response rates. We
      found SiHa cervical squamous carcinoma cells that were virtually resistant
      to ATRA-induced growth-inhibitory effects at physiological doses (10(-7
      to) 10(-6) M) to be more responsive at pharmacological doses (10(-5 to)
      10(-4) M). The growth inhibition by high-dose (10(-4) M) ATRA was
      associated with a sustained activation of interferon regulatory factor 1
      (IRF-1), while a low dose (10(-6) M) of ATRA activated IRF-1 only
      transiently. Antisense IRF-1 inhibited the high-dose (10(-4) M),
      ATRA-mediated growth arrest; forced expression of IRF-1 caused a
      significant reduction in cell growth. High-dose (10(-4) M) ATRA increased
      binding of NF-kappaB and STAT1 proteins to sequences that originated from
      the IRF-1 promoter region, while low-dose (10(-6) M) ATRA induced only
      NF-kappaB binding. A delayed tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal
      transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) was observed after
      high-dose (10(-4) M) but not low-dose (10(-6) M) ATRA treatment. In
      agreement with this, induction of IRF-1 mRNA by ATRA was only modest and
      transient in a STAT1 knockout cell line, suggesting the importance of
      STAT1 in sustained IRF-1 expression. Our data showed that ATRA is capable
      of inducing dose-dependent cellular changes, which might be appropriate to
      overcome resistance to retinoids that frequently develops during cervical
      carcinogenesis.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch,
      Galveston, Texas 77555-1070, USA. AranyIstvan@uams.edu
FAU - Arany, Istvan
AU  - Arany I
FAU - Whitehead, William E
AU  - Whitehead WE
FAU - Grattendick, Kenneth J
AU  - Grattendick KJ
FAU - Ember, Istvan A
AU  - Ember IA
FAU - Tyring, Stephen K
AU  - Tyring SK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (Oligonucleotides)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Stat1 protein)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (interferon regulatory factor-1)
RN  - 302-79-4 (Tretinoin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - *Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
MH  - Cell Division/drug effects
MH  - *Cervix Neoplasms
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - NF-kappa B/metabolism
MH  - Oligonucleotides/metabolism
MH  - Phosphoproteins/*genetics
MH  - Phosphorylation/drug effects
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/physiology
MH  - Trans-Activators/metabolism
MH  - Tretinoin/*pharmacology
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1102-6.

PMID- 12204967
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Double-blind study to evaluate flow cytometry analysis of anti-live
      trypomastigote antibodies for monitoring treatment efficacy in cases of
      human Chagas' disease.
PG  - 1107-13
AB  - The validation of flow cytometry analysis of anti-live trypomastigote
      antibodies (FC-ALTA) to monitor cure after treatment of Chagas' disease
      was evaluated with serum samples from treated and nontreated chagasic
      patients. After optimization of the original technique, toward better
      sensitivity and applicability to field surveys, we design a double blind
      study of 94 coded samples classified into the following categories:
      patients not treated (NT) and patients treated but not cured (TNC), both
      presenting positive conventional serology and xenodiagnosis; patients
      treated and cured (TC), showing negative serology and xenodiagnosis; and
      patients treated under evaluation (TUE), who presented positive or
      oscillating conventional serology (CSA) but negative xenodiagnosis. Coded
      samples, diluted 1:256, were assayed by incubation with live cell culture
      trypomastigotes, which were subsequently stained with fluorescein
      isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-human immunoglobulin G, with prior fixation
      and analysis by flow cytometry. The results were expressed as the
      percentages of positive fluorescent parasites (PPFP) for each individual
      sample, establishing 20% PPFP as the cutoff between negative and positive
      results. Our data demonstrated that all NT and TNC presented positive
      results while all but one TC had a PPFP lower than 20%. Analysis of TUE
      demonstrated a wide degree of reactivity, with PPFP values that were
      negative (PPFP </= 20%), low positive (20% < PPFP </= 50%), and high
      positive (PPFP > 50%). As TUE with negative PPFP presented negative
      xenodiagnosis and positive or oscillating CSA, they were classified as
      dissociated according to the criteria of Krettli and Brener (J. Immunol.
      128:2009-2012, 1982) and could indeed be considered cured after
      chemotherapy. This study demonstrates and validates the use of FC-ALTA to
      easily identify anti-live trypomastigote membrane-bound antibodies,
      offering another approach for investigating and monitoring the efficacy of
      specific chemotherapy in cases of human Chagas' disease.
AD  - Laboratorio de Doenca de Chagas, Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou, FIOCRUZ,
      Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
      oamfilho@cpqrr.fiocruz.br
FAU - Martins-Filho, Olindo Assis
AU  - Martins-Filho OA
FAU - Eloi-Santos, Silvana Maria
AU  - Eloi-Santos SM
FAU - Carvalho, Andrea Teixeira
AU  - Carvalho AT
FAU - Oliveira, Rodrigo Correa
AU  - Oliveira RC
FAU - Rassi, Anis
AU  - Rassi A
FAU - Luquetti, Alejandro Ostemayer
AU  - Luquetti AO
FAU - Rassi, Gustavo Gabriel
AU  - Rassi GG
FAU - Brener, Zigman
AU  - Brener Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (Cryoprotective Agents)
RN  - 56-81-5 (Glycerol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Protozoan/*analysis
MH  - Chagas Disease/*diagnosis/immunology/*therapy
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cryoprotective Agents
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Evaluation Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Flow Cytometry/*methods/standards
MH  - Glycerol
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Trypanosoma cruzi/*immunology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1107-13.

PMID- 12204968
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Modulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immune response
      by using efavirenz, nelfinavir, and stavudine in a rescue therapy regimen
      for HIV-infected, drug-experienced patients.
PG  - 1114-8
AB  - Analysis of the virologic and immunomodulatory effects of an association
      of efavirenz (EFV), nelfinavir (NFV), and stavudine (d4T) was performed in
      18 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and highly active
      antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-experienced patients who failed multiple
      therapeutic protocols. Patients (<500 CD4(+) cells/ micro l; >10,000 HIV
      copies/ml) were nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
      (NNRTI)-naive and were treated for 10 months with EFV (600 mg/day) in
      association with NFV (750 mg three times daily) and d4T (30 or 40 mg twice
      daily). Measurement of HIV peptide- and mitogen-stimulated production of
      interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), IL-4, and IL-10 as
      well as quantitation of mRNA for the same cytokines in unstimulated
      peripheral blood mononuclear cells were performed at baseline and 2 weeks
      (t1), 2 months (t2), and 10 months (t3) into therapy. The results showed
      that HIV-specific (but not mitogen-stimulated) IL-2 and IFN-gamma
      production was augmented and IL-10 production was reduced in patients who
      received EFV, NFV, and d4T. Therapy was also associated with a reduction
      in HIV RNA in plasma and an increase in CD4(+) cell count. These changes
      occurred in the first year of therapy (t2 and t3) and were confirmed by
      quantitation of cytokine-specific mRNA. Therapy with EFV, NFV, and d4T
      increases HIV-specific type 1 cytokine production as well as CD4 counts
      and reduces plasma viremia. This therapeutic regimen may be considered for
      use in cases of advanced HIV infection.
AD  - Cattedra di Immunologia, Universita di Milano, DISP, LITA Vialba, Milan,
      Italy. mago@mailserver.unimi.it
FAU - Trabattoni, Daria
AU  - Trabattoni D
FAU - Lo Caputo, Sergio
AU  - Lo Caputo S
FAU - Biasin, Mara
AU  - Biasin M
FAU - Seminari, Elena
AU  - Seminari E
FAU - Di Pietro, Massimo
AU  - Di Pietro M
FAU - Ravasi, Giovanni
AU  - Ravasi G
FAU - Mazzotta, Francesco
AU  - Mazzotta F
FAU - Maserati, Renato
AU  - Maserati R
FAU - Clerici, Mario
AU  - Clerici M
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Anti-HIV Agents)
RN  - 0 (HIV Protease Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Oxazines)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
RN  - 154635-17-3 (efavirenz)
RN  - 159989-64-7 (Nelfinavir)
RN  - 3056-17-5 (Stavudine)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Anti-HIV Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/immunology
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Drug Therapy, Combination
MH  - Female
MH  - HIV/*immunology
MH  - HIV Infections/*drug therapy/*immunology
MH  - HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interferon Type II/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-10/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-2/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Nelfinavir/pharmacology
MH  - Oxazines/*pharmacology
MH  - RNA, Messenger/analysis
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Stavudine/pharmacology
MH  - Treatment Failure
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1114-8.

PMID- 12204969
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Immunoblot analysis of the humoral immune response to Leishmania donovani
      polypeptides in cases of human visceral leishmaniasis: its usefulness in
      prognosis.
PG  - 1119-23
AB  - Sera from Indian patients with parasitologically confirmed visceral
      leishmaniasis were studied by immunoblot analysis in order to identify a
      specific pattern for Leishmania infection. A soluble extract of Leishmania
      donovani was used as antigen. At diagnosis the sera from patients with
      visceral leishmaniasis specifically recognized fractions represented by
      bands of 201 kDa (50% of serum samples), 193 kDa (60%), 147 kDa (50%), 120
      kDa (60%), 100 kDa (50%), 80 kDa (80%), 70 kDa (70%), 65 kDa (100%), 50
      kDa (50%), 36 kDa (50%), 20 kDa (70%), and 18 kDa (50%). The 65-kDa band,
      common to all patients infected with Leishmania parasites, was found at
      the time of diagnosis. However, the immunoblot pattern changed after
      patients were treated and cured with sodium antimony gluconate (SAG; n
      =10) or miltefosine (n =10), as was evident from blots of sera obtained
      pretreatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months posttreatment. At 6 months
      posttreatment, immunoblots of sera from patients on the SAG regimen showed
      the disappearance of all bands except the 70-kDa band. Similarly, sera
      from those on the miltefosine regimen showed the disappearance of all
      bands except the 65- and 70-kDa bands. This study shows that Western blot
      analysis is a sensitive test for detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies.
      Moreover, the persistence of reactivity with the 65- and 70-kDa bands in
      the sera of all groups shows its promise as a diagnostic and prognostic
      tool.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Institute of Medical
      Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India.
FAU - Kumar, Promod
AU  - Kumar P
FAU - Pai, Kalpana
AU  - Pai K
FAU - Tripathi, Kiran
AU  - Tripathi K
FAU - Pandey, H P
AU  - Pandey HP
FAU - Sundar, Shyam
AU  - Sundar S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Protozoan)
RN  - 0 (Antimony Sodium Gluconate)
RN  - 0 (Antiprotozoal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 107-73-3 (Phosphorylcholine)
RN  - 58066-85-6 (miltefosine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis
MH  - Antibody Formation
MH  - Antigens, Protozoan/diagnostic use/immunology
MH  - Antimony Sodium Gluconate/administration & dosage
MH  - Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunoblotting
MH  - Leishmania donovani/*immunology
MH  - Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*diagnosis/drug therapy/*immunology
MH  - Peptides/immunology
MH  - Phosphorylcholine/administration & dosage/*analogs & derivatives
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1119-23.

PMID- 12204970
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Performance of two commercial glycoprotein G-based enzyme immunoassays for
      detecting antibodies to herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 in children and
      young adolescents.
PG  - 1124-5
AB  - In 61 patients 1 to 14 years of age, the Gull/Meridian enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) had a sensitivity of 100% for herpes simplex
      virus type 1 (HSV-1) and specificities of 74% for HSV-1 and 48% for HSV-2.
      In 128 similarly aged patients, the HerpeSelect ELISA (Focus Technologies)
      showed sensitivities of 80% for HSV-1 and 88% for HSV-2, and specificities
      of 97% for HSV-1 and 100% for HSV-2.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San
      Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA. leachc@uthscsa.edu
FAU - Leach, Charles T
AU  - Leach CT
FAU - Ashley, Rhoda L
AU  - Ashley RL
FAU - Baillargeon, Jacques
AU  - Baillargeon J
FAU - Jenson, Hal B
AU  - Jenson HB
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 AI 30731/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Reagent Kits, Diagnostic)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein G, herpes simplex virus type 2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Herpes Simplex/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - *Herpesvirus 1, Human
MH  - *Herpesvirus 2, Human
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunoenzyme Techniques
MH  - Infant
MH  - Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/*analysis/immunology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1124-5.

PMID- 12204971
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Helicobacter pylori-specific immune responses of children: implications
      for future vaccination strategy.
PG  - 1126-8
AB  - We analyzed the specific anti-Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG)
      antibody profile for a sample of 824 asymptomatic schoolchildren in
      southern Germany (mean age, 10.7 +/- 0.65 years) with an H.
      pylori-specific IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot
      analysis. The prevalence of infection was 19.8% (95% confidence interval,
      17.1 to 22.7%). The immunoresponses were characterized predominantly by
      antibodies against low-molecular-mass antigens of 14 and 29 kDa, with a
      significant difference between children of German and Turkish
      nationalities (P = 0.0012 and P < 0.0001, respectively).
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, University of Ulm, Germany.
FAU - Bode, Gunter
AU  - Bode G
FAU - Piechotowski, Isolde
AU  - Piechotowski I
FAU - Rothenbacher, Dietrich
AU  - Rothenbacher D
FAU - Brenner, Hermann
AU  - Brenner H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Antibodies, Bacterial/blood
MH  - *Bacterial Vaccines
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology/*immunology/*prevention & control
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Seroepidemiologic Studies
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1126-8.

PMID- 12204972
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - CD4(+) CD25(+) T-cell production in healthy humans and in patients with
      thymic hypoplasia.
PG  - 1129-31
AB  - Regulatory T cells are found primarily in the CD4(+) CD25(+) fraction of T
      cells and play an important role in the prevention of autoimmunity. We
      examined CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells in 33 healthy children and adults and
      compared them to a population with an inherited form of thymic hypoplasia
      and a predisposition to autoimmune disease. Absolute numbers of CD4(+)
      CD25(+) T cells were markedly higher in healthy infants than in infants
      with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
AD  - Division of Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of
      Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
      sullivak@mail.med.upenn.edu
FAU - Sullivan, Kathleen E
AU  - Sullivan KE
FAU - McDonald-McGinn, Donna
AU  - McDonald-McGinn D
FAU - Zackai, Elaine H
AU  - Zackai EH
LA  - eng
GR  - M01-RR00240/RR/NCRR
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD4)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Interleukin-2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antigens, CD4/analysis
MH  - Autoimmune Diseases/immunology/*pathology
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*chemistry/*cytology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Receptors, Interleukin-2/*analysis
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Thymus Gland/immunology/*pathology
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1129-31.

PMID- 12204973
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Determination of the nucleotide sequences of heat shock operon groESL and
      the citrate synthase gene (gltA) of Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) platys for
      phylogenetic and diagnostic studies.
PG  - 1132-6
AB  - The 1,670-bp nucleotide sequence of the heat shock operon groESL and the
      1,236-bp sequence of the citrate synthase gene (gltA) of Anaplasma
      (Ehrlichia) platys were determined. The topology of the groEL- and
      gltA-based phylogenetic tree was similar to that derived from 16S rRNA
      gene analyses with distances. Both groESL- and gltA-based PCRs specific to
      A. platys were also developed based upon the alignment data.
AD  - Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture,
      Yamaguchi University, 753-8515 Yamaguchi, Japan. InokumaHisashi@aol.com
FAU - Inokuma, Hisashi
AU  - Inokuma H
FAU - Fujii, Kaori
AU  - Fujii K
FAU - Okuda, Masaru
AU  - Okuda M
FAU - Onishi, Takafumi
AU  - Onishi T
FAU - Beaufils, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Beaufils JP
FAU - Raoult, Didier
AU  - Raoult D
FAU - Brouqui, Philippe
AU  - Brouqui P
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AB058782
SI  - GENBANK/AY044161
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Chaperonins)
RN  - 0 (GroESL protein, Bacteria)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - EC 4.1.3.7 (Citrate (si)-Synthase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaplasma/*genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Chaperonins/*genetics
MH  - Citrate (si)-Synthase/*genetics
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Ehrlichiosis/*diagnosis
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1132-6.

PMID- 12204974
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Diagnostic techniques to detect cryptic leishmaniasis in dogs.
PG  - 1137-41
AB  - This study of several techniques for detecting cryptic leishmaniasis in
      dogs from areas in Spain where Leishmania infantum is highly endemic
      concludes that immunological techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent
      assay, immunofluorescence antibody test, Western blotting, delayed-type
      hypersensitivity reaction, and in vitro lymphocyte proliferation assay) do
      not clearly differentiate between noninfected and infected asymptomatic
      dogs and that culture and PCR are more reliable diagnostic tools.
AD  - Laboratori de Parasitologia, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de
      Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
FAU - Iniesta, Laura
AU  - Iniesta L
FAU - Fernandez-Barredo, Salceda
AU  - Fernandez-Barredo S
FAU - Bulle, Beatrice
AU  - Bulle B
FAU - Gomez, M Teresa
AU  - Gomez MT
FAU - Piarroux, Renaud
AU  - Piarroux R
FAU - Gallego, Montserrat
AU  - Gallego M
FAU - Alunda, Jose M
AU  - Alunda JM
FAU - Portus, Montserrat
AU  - Portus M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Carrier State
MH  - Dog Diseases/*diagnosis/immunology/parasitology
MH  - Dogs
MH  - *Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique
MH  - Hypersensitivity, Delayed/diagnosis/parasitology
MH  - Leishmania infantum/*isolation & purification
MH  - Leishmaniasis/*diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1137-41.

PMID- 12204975
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020902
DCOM- 20030211
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1071-412X
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Centrifugation of human lung epithelial carcinoma a549 cells up-regulates
      interleukin-1beta gene expression.
PG  - 1142-3
FAU - Yang, Jun
AU  - Yang J
FAU - Hooper, W Craig
AU  - Hooper WC
FAU - Phillips, Donald J
AU  - Phillips DJ
FAU - Tondella, M Lucia
AU  - Tondella ML
FAU - Talkington, Deborah F
AU  - Talkington DF
LA  - eng
PT  - Letter
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol
JID - 9421292
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-1)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Centrifugation
MH  - Epithelial Cells
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-1/*genetics
MH  - *Lung Neoplasms
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Up-Regulation
EDAT- 2002/09/03 10:00
MHDA- 2003/02/13 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2002 Sep;9(5):1142-3.

PMID- 12207826
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep 3
TI  - Optimizing antibiotics in residents of nursing homes: protocol of a
      randomized trial.
PG  - 17
AB  - BACKGROUND: Antibiotics are frequently prescribed for older adults who
      reside in long-term care facilities. A substantial proportion of
      antibiotic use in this setting is inappropriate. Antibiotics are often
      prescribed for asymptomatic bacteriuria, a condition for which randomized
      trials of antibiotic therapy indicate no benefit and in fact harm. This
      proposal describes a randomized trial of diagnostic and therapeutic
      algorithms to reduce the use of antibiotics in residents of long-term care
      facilities. METHODS: In this on-going study, 22 nursing homes have been
      randomized to either use of algorithms (11 nursing homes) or to usual
      practise (11 nursing homes). The algorithms describe signs and symptoms
      for which it would be appropriate to send urine cultures or to prescribe
      antibiotics. The algorithms are introduced by inservicing nursing staff
      and by conducting one-on-one sessions for physicians using case-scenarios.
      The primary outcome of the study is courses of antibiotics per 1000
      resident days. Secondary outcomes include urine cultures sent and
      antibiotic courses for urinary indications. Focus groups and
      semi-structured interviews with key informants will be used to assess the
      process of implementation and to identify key factors for sustainability.
AD  - Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University
      Hamilton, ON, Canada. loebm@mcmaster.ca
FAU - Loeb, Mark
AU  - Loeb M
FAU - Brazil, Kevin
AU  - Brazil K
FAU - Lohfeld, Lynne
AU  - Lohfeld L
FAU - McGeer, Allison
AU  - McGeer A
FAU - Simor, Andrew
AU  - Simor A
FAU - Stevenson, Kurt
AU  - Stevenson K
FAU - Walter, Stephen
AU  - Walter S
FAU - Zoutman, Dick
AU  - Zoutman D
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20020903
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Bacteriuria/*drug therapy/*urine
MH  - *Clinical Protocols
MH  - Drug Resistance, Microbial
MH  - Drug Utilization/*standards/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Medical Staff/education/standards
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nursing Homes/*standards
MH  - Nursing Staff/education/standards
MH  - Ontario
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials/*methods
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2002/09/05 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2002/07/16 [received]
PHST- 2002/09/03 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/09/03 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Sep 3;2(1):17.

PMID- 12213183
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep 4
TI  - Funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality: are they related?
      Results of a pilot study.
PG  - 18
AB  - BACKGROUND: There has been increasing concern regarding the potential
      effects of the commercialization of research. METHODS: In order to examine
      the relationships between funding source, trial outcome and reporting
      quality, recent issues of five peer-reviewed, high impact factor, general
      medical journals were hand-searched to identify a sample of 100 randomized
      controlled trials (20 trials/journal). Relevant data, including funding
      source (industry/not-for-profit/mixed/not reported) and statistical
      significance of primary outcome (favouring new treatment/favouring
      conventional treatment/neutral/unclear), were abstracted. Quality scores
      were assigned using the Jadad scale and the adequacy of allocation
      concealment. RESULTS: Sixty-six percent of trials received some industry
      funding. Trial outcome was not associated with funding source (p=.461).
      There was a preponderance of favourable statistical conclusions among
      published trials with 67% reporting results that favored a new treatment
      whereas 6% favoured the conventional treatment. Quality scores were not
      associated with funding source or trial outcome. CONCLUSIONS: It is not
      known whether the absence of significant associations between funding
      source, trial outcome and reporting quality reflects a true absence of an
      association or is an artefact of inadequate statistical power, reliance on
      voluntary disclosure of funding information, a focus on trials recently
      published in the top medical journals, or some combination thereof.
      Continued and expanded monitoring of potential conflicts is recommended,
      particularly in light of new guidelines for disclosure that have been
      endorsed by the ICMJE.
AD  - Chalmers Research Group, Ottawa, Canada. tclifford@cheo.on.ca
FAU - Clifford, Tammy J
AU  - Clifford TJ
FAU - Barrowman, Nicholas J
AU  - Barrowman NJ
FAU - Moher, David
AU  - Moher D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020904
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Bibliometrics
MH  - Conflict of Interest
MH  - Disclosure
MH  - Drug Evaluation/*economics/standards
MH  - Drug Industry
MH  - Humans
MH  - Organizations, Nonprofit
MH  - Periodicals/*standards/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Publication Bias
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials/*economics/standards
MH  - Research Design/*standards
MH  - Research Support/classification/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2002/09/06 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2002/04/23 [received]
PHST- 2002/09/04 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/09/04 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Sep 4;2(1):18.

PMID- 12221110
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Role of fission yeast Tup1-like repressors and Prr1 transcription factor
      in response to salt stress.
PG  - 2977-89
AB  - In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the Sty1 mitogen-activated protein kinase
      and the Atf1 transcription factor control transcriptional induction in
      response to elevated salt concentrations. Herein, we demonstrate that two
      repressors, Tup11 and Tup12, and the Prr1 transcription factor also
      function in the response to salt shock. We find that deletion of both tup
      genes together results in hypersensitivity to elevated cation
      concentrations (K(+) and Ca(2+)) and we identify cta3(+), which encodes an
      intracellular cation transporter, as a novel stress gene whose expression
      is positively controlled by the Sty1 pathway and negatively regulated by
      Tup repressors. The expression of cta3(+) is maintained at low levels by
      the Tup repressors, and relief from repression requires the Sty1, Atf1,
      and Prr1. Prr1 is also required for KCl-mediated induction of several
      other Sty1-dependent genes such as gpx1(+) and ctt1(+). Surprisingly, the
      KCl-mediated induction of cta3(+) expression occurs independently of Sty1
      in a tup11Delta tup12Delta mutant and so the Tup repressors link induction
      to the Sty1 pathway. We also report that in contrast to a number of other
      Sty1- and Atf1-dependent genes, the expression of cta3(+) is induced only
      by high salt concentrations. However, in the absence of the Tup repressors
      this specificity is lost and a range of stresses induces cta3(+)
      expression.
AD  - School of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne,
      United Kingdom.
FAU - Greenall, Amanda
AU  - Greenall A
FAU - Hadcroft, Andrew P
AU  - Hadcroft AP
FAU - Malakasi, Panagiota
AU  - Malakasi P
FAU - Jones, Nic
AU  - Jones N
FAU - Morgan, Brian A
AU  - Morgan BA
FAU - Hoffman, Charles S
AU  - Hoffman CS
FAU - Whitehall, Simon K
AU  - Whitehall SK
LA  - eng
GR  - GM-46226/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Cations)
RN  - 0 (Ions)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Salts)
RN  - 0 (Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins)
RN  - 0 (TUP1 protein, S pombe)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Tup11 protein, S pombe)
RN  - 0 (Tup12 protein, S pombe)
RN  - 133135-32-7 (TUP1 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - 7440-09-7 (Potassium)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.23 (beta-Galactosidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Cations
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal
MH  - Ions
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Nuclear Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Potassium/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - RNA/metabolism
MH  - Repressor Proteins/*metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Salts/*pharmacology
MH  - Schizosaccharomyces/*metabolism
MH  - Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transcription Factors/metabolism
MH  - beta-Galactosidase/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.01-12-0568 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):2977-89.

PMID- 12221111
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The roles of bud-site-selection proteins during haploid invasive growth in
      yeast.
PG  - 2990-3004
AB  - In haploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glucose depletion causes
      invasive growth, a foraging response that requires a change in budding
      pattern from axial to unipolar-distal. To begin to address how glucose
      influences budding pattern in the haploid cell, we examined the roles of
      bud-site-selection proteins in invasive growth. We found that proteins
      required for bipolar budding in diploid cells were required for haploid
      invasive growth. In particular, the Bud8p protein, which marks and directs
      bud emergence to the distal pole of diploid cells, was localized to the
      distal pole of haploid cells. In response to glucose limitation, Bud8p was
      required for the localization of the incipient bud site marker Bud2p to
      the distal pole. Three of the four known proteins required for axial
      budding, Bud3p, Bud4p, and Axl2p, were expressed and localized
      appropriately in glucose-limiting conditions. However, a fourth axial
      budding determinant, Axl1p, was absent in filamentous cells, and its
      abundance was controlled by glucose availability and the protein kinase
      Snf1p. In the bud8 mutant in glucose-limiting conditions, apical growth
      and bud site selection were uncoupled processes. Finally, we report that
      diploid cells starved for glucose also initiate the filamentous growth
      response.
AD  - Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene 97403-1229,
      USA.
FAU - Cullen, Paul J
AU  - Cullen PJ
FAU - Sprague, George F Jr
AU  - Sprague GF Jr
LA  - eng
GR  - GM-19188/GM/NIGMS
GR  - GM-30027/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (AXL1 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (Axl2 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (BUD2 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (BUD3 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (BUD4 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins)
RN  - 0 (GTP Phosphohydrolase Activators)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - 50-99-7 (Glucose)
RN  - 9002-18-0 (Agar)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (GLC2 protein)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (GTP-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actins/metabolism
MH  - Agar/metabolism
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Cell Division
MH  - GTP Phosphohydrolase Activators/metabolism
MH  - GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Glucose/pharmacology
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Ploidies
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0151 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):2990-3004.

PMID- 12221112
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Pkh1 and pkh2 differentially phosphorylate and activate ypk1 and ykr2 and
      define protein kinase modules required for maintenance of cell wall
      integrity.
PG  - 3005-28
AB  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pkh1 and Pkh2 are functionally redundant homologs
      of mammalian protein kinase, phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1.
      They activate two closely related, functionally redundant enzymes, Ypk1
      and Ykr2 (homologs of mammalian protein kinase, serum- and
      glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase). We found that Ypk1 has a more
      prominent role than Ykr2 in mediating their shared essential function.
      Considerable evidence demonstrated that Pkh1 preferentially activates
      Ypk1, whereas Pkh2 preferentially activates Ykr2. Loss of Pkh1 (but not
      Pkh2) reduced Ypk1 activity; conversely, Pkh1 overexpression increased
      Ypk1 activity more than Pkh2 overexpression. Loss of Pkh2 reduced Ykr2
      activity; correspondingly, Pkh2 overexpression increased Ykr2 activity
      more than Pkh1 overexpression. When overexpressed, a catalytically active
      C-terminal fragment (kinase domain) of Ypk1 was growth inhibitory; loss of
      Pkh1 (but not Pkh2) alleviated toxicity. Loss of Pkh2 (but not Pkh1)
      exacerbated the slow growth phenotype of a ypk1Delta strain. This
      Pkh1-Ypk1 and Pkh2-Ykr2 dichotomy is not absolute because all double
      mutants (pkh1Delta ypk1Delta, pkh2Delta ypk1Delta, pkh1Delta ykr2Delta,
      and pkh2Delta ykr2Delta) were viable. Compartmentation contributes to
      selectivity because Pkh1 and Ypk1 were located exclusively in the cytosol,
      whereas Pkh2 and Ykr2 entered the nucleus. At restrictive temperature,
      ypk1-1(ts) ykr2Delta cells lysed rapidly, but not in medium containing
      osmotic support. Dosage and extragenic suppressors were selected.
      Overexpression of Exg1 (major exoglucanase), or loss of Kex2 (endoprotease
      involved in Exg1 processing), rescued growth at high temperature.
      Viability was also maintained by PKC1 overexpression or an activated
      allele of the downstream protein kinase (BCK1-20). Conversely, absence of
      Mpk1 (distal mitogen-activated protein kinase of the PKC1 pathway) was
      lethal in ypk1-1(ts) ykr2Delta cells. Thus, Pkh1-Ypk1 and Pkh2-Ykr2
      function in a novel pathway for cell wall integrity that acts in parallel
      with the Pkc1-dependent pathway.
AD  - Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Biochemistry and
      Molecular Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720-3202, USA.
FAU - Roelants, Francoise M
AU  - Roelants FM
FAU - Torrance, Pamela D
AU  - Torrance PD
FAU - Bezman, Natalie
AU  - Bezman N
FAU - Thorner, Jeremy
AU  - Thorner J
LA  - eng
GR  - CA-09041/CA/NCI
GR  - GM-07232/GM/NIGMS
GR  - GM-21841/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (MCK1 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (PKH1 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (PKH2 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (YKR2 protein kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Protein-Tyrosine Kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Catalysis
MH  - Cell Wall/*metabolism
MH  - DNA Transposable Elements
MH  - Escherichia coli/metabolism
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Kinases/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism
MH  - *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
MH  - Suppression, Genetic
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0201 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3005-28.

PMID- 12221113
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Distinct chromosome segregation roles for spindle checkpoint proteins.
PG  - 3029-41
AB  - The spindle checkpoint plays a central role in the fidelity of chromosome
      transmission by ensuring that anaphase is initiated only after
      kinetochore-microtubule associations of all sister chromatid pairs are
      complete. In this study, we find that known spindle checkpoint proteins do
      not contribute equally to chromosome segregation fidelity in Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae. Loss of Bub1 or Bub3 protein elicits the largest effect.
      Analysis of Bub1p reveals the presence of two molecular functions. An
      N-terminal 608-amino acid (nonkinase) portion of the protein supports
      robust checkpoint activity, and, as expected, contributes to chromosome
      segregation. A C-terminal kinase-encoding segment independently
      contributes to chromosome segregation through an unknown mechanism. Both
      molecular functions depend on association with Bub3p. A 156-amino acid
      fragment of Bub1p functions in Bub3p binding and in kinetochore
      localization by one-hybrid assay. An adjacent segment is required for
      Mad1p binding, detected by deletion analysis and coimmunoprecipitation.
      Finally, overexpression of wild-type BUB1 or MAD3 genes leads to
      chromosome instability. Analysis of this activity indicates that the
      Bub3p-binding domain of Bub1p contributes to this phenotype through
      disruption of checkpoint activity as well as through introduction of
      kinetochore or spindle damage.
AD  - McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
      School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
FAU - Warren, Cheryl D
AU  - Warren CD
FAU - Brady, D Michelle
AU  - Brady DM
FAU - Johnston, Raymond C
AU  - Johnston RC
FAU - Hanna, Joseph S
AU  - Hanna JS
FAU - Hardwick, Kevin G
AU  - Hardwick KG
FAU - Spencer, Forrest A
AU  - Spencer FA
LA  - eng
GR  - GM50842/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 0 (mitotic arrest defective protein 3)
RN  - 142008-15-9 (BUB3 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (Bub1 protein)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism/physiology
MH  - Chromosome Segregation
MH  - Chromosomes/*physiology/ultrastructure
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Mitotic Spindle Apparatus/*physiology/ultrastructure
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Kinases/physiology
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
MH  - Two-Hybrid System Techniques
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0203 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3029-41.

PMID- 12221114
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mitogen-activated protein
      kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) cascade by aldosterone.
PG  - 3042-54
AB  - Aldosterone in some tissues increases expression of the mRNA encoding the
      small monomeric G protein Ki-RasA. Renal A6 epithelial cells were used to
      determine whether induction of Ki-ras leads to concomitant increases in
      the total as well as active levels of Ki-RasA and whether this then leads
      to subsequent activation of its effector mitogen-activated protein kinase
      (MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase) cascade. The molecular basis
      and cellular consequences of this action were specifically investigated.
      We identified the intron 1-exon 1 region (rasI/E1) of the mouse Ki-ras
      gene as sufficient to reconstitute aldosterone responsiveness to a
      heterologous promotor. Aldosterone increased reporter gene activity
      containing rasI/E1 threefold. Aldosterone increased the absolute and
      GTP-bound levels of Ki-RasA by a similar extent, suggesting that
      activation resulted from mass action and not effects on GTP
      binding/hydrolysis rates. Aldosterone significantly increased Ki-RasA and
      MAPK activity as early as 15 min with activation peaking by 2 h and waning
      after 4 h. Inhibitors of transcription, translation, and a glucocorticoid
      receptor antagonist attenuated MAPK signaling. Similarly, rasI/E1-driven
      luciferase expression was sensitive to glucocorticoid receptor blockade.
      Overexpression of dominant-negative RasN17, addition of antisense Ki-rasA
      and inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase also attenuated
      steroid-dependent increases in MAPK signaling. Thus, activation of MAPK by
      aldosterone is dependent, in part, on a genomic mechanism involving
      induction of Ki-ras transcription and subsequent activation of its
      downstream effectors. This genomic mechanism has a distinct time course
      from activation by traditional mitogens, such as serum, which affect the
      GTP-binding state and not absolute levels of Ras. The result of such a
      genomic mechanism is that peak activation of the MAPK cascade by adrenal
      corticosteroids is delayed but prolonged.
AD  - Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San
      Antonio, San Antonio 78229-3900, USA.
FAU - Hendron, Eunan
AU  - Hendron E
FAU - Stockand, James D
AU  - Stockand JD
LA  - eng
GR  - R01-DK59594/DK/NIDDK
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (MAP Kinase Signaling System)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 52-39-1 (Aldosterone)
RN  - 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate)
RN  - EC 1.13.12.- (Luciferases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (Proto-Oncogene Protein p21(ras))
SB  - IM
MH  - Aldosterone/metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Nucleus/metabolism
MH  - Electrophysiology
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Exons
MH  - Genes, Reporter
MH  - Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Introns
MH  - Kidney/enzymology/*metabolism
MH  - Luciferases/metabolism
MH  - *MAP Kinase Signaling System
MH  - Mice
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-05-0260 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3042-54.

PMID- 12221115
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Functional heterogeneity of bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II mutants
      found in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.
PG  - 3055-63
AB  - Germline mutations in the BMPR2 gene encoding bone morphogenetic protein
      (BMP) type II receptor (BMPR-II) have been reported in patients with
      primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), but the contribution of various
      types of mutations found in PPH to the pathogenesis of clinical phenotypes
      has not been elucidated. To determine the biological activities of these
      mutants, we performed functional assays testing their abilities to
      transduce BMP signals. We found that the reported missense mutations
      within the extracellular and kinase domains of BMPR-II abrogated their
      signal-transducing abilities. BMPR-II proteins containing mutations at the
      conserved cysteine residues in the extracellular and kinase domains were
      detected in the cytoplasm, suggesting that the loss of signaling ability
      of certain BMPR-II mutants is due at least in part to their altered
      subcellular localization. In contrast, BMPR-II mutants with truncation of
      the cytoplasmic tail retained the ability to transduce BMP signals. The
      differences in biological activities among the BMPR-II mutants observed
      thus suggest that additional genetic and/or environmental factors may play
      critical roles in the pathogenesis of PPH.
AD  - Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University
      of Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Nishihara, Ayako
AU  - Nishihara A
FAU - Watabe, Tetsuro
AU  - Watabe T
FAU - Imamura, Takeshi
AU  - Imamura T
FAU - Miyazono, Kohei
AU  - Miyazono K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Smad5 protein)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Cytoplasm/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Complementary/metabolism
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Germ-Line Mutation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypertension, Pulmonary/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Lung/cytology
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - *Mutation
MH  - Mutation, Missense
MH  - Phosphoproteins/metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Trans-Activators/metabolism
MH  - Transcription Factors/metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0063 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3055-63.

PMID- 12221116
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20050131
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Aurora B kinase exists in a complex with survivin and INCENP and its
      kinase activity is stimulated by survivin binding and phosphorylation.
PG  - 3064-77
AB  - Aurora B regulates chromosome segregation and cytokinesis and is the first
      protein to be implicated as a regulator of bipolar attachment of spindle
      microtubules to kinetochores. Evidence from several systems suggests that
      Aurora B is physically associated with inner centromere protein (INCENP)
      in mitosis and has genetic interactions with Survivin. It is unclear
      whether the Aurora B and INCENP interaction is cell cycle regulated and if
      Survivin physically interacts in this complex. In this study, we cloned
      the Xenopus Survivin gene, examined its association with Aurora B and
      INCENP, and determined the effect of its binding on Aurora B kinase
      activity. We demonstrate that in the Xenopus early embryo, all of the
      detectable Survivin is in a complex with both Aurora B and INCENP
      throughout the cell cycle. Survivin and Aurora B bind different domains on
      INCENP. Aurora B activity is stimulated >10-fold in mitotic extracts; this
      activation is phosphatase sensitive, and the binding of Survivin is
      required for full Aurora B activity. We also find the hydrodynamic
      properties of the Aurora B/Survivin/INCENP complex are cell cycle
      regulated. Our data indicate that Aurora B kinase activity is regulated by
      both Survivin binding and cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia
      Medical Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
FAU - Bolton, Margaret A
AU  - Bolton MA
FAU - Lan, Weijie
AU  - Lan W
FAU - Powers, Shannon E
AU  - Powers SE
FAU - McCleland, Mark L
AU  - McCleland ML
FAU - Kuang, Jian
AU  - Kuang J
FAU - Stukenberg, P Todd
AU  - Stukenberg PT
LA  - eng
GR  - GM63045-01/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone)
RN  - 0 (Microtubule-Associated Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (inner centromere protein)
RN  - 0 (survivin protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (aurora B kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies/metabolism
MH  - Cell Cycle
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chromatography, Gel
MH  - Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/*metabolism
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Mitosis
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Xenopus
MH  - Xenopus laevis
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0092 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3064-77.

PMID- 12221117
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) interaction is not sufficient for yeast GGA
      protein function or localization.
PG  - 3078-95
AB  - Golgi-localized gamma-ear homology domain, ADP-ribosylation factor
      (ARF)-binding proteins (GGAs) facilitate distinct steps of post-Golgi
      traffic. Human and yeast GGA proteins are only ~25% identical, but all GGA
      proteins have four similar domains based on function and sequence
      homology. GGA proteins are most conserved in the region that interacts
      with ARF proteins. To analyze the role of ARF in GGA protein localization
      and function, we performed mutational analyses of both human and yeast
      GGAs. To our surprise, yeast and human GGAs differ in their requirement
      for ARF interaction. We describe a point mutation in both yeast and
      mammalian GGA proteins that eliminates binding to ARFs. In mammalian
      cells, this mutation disrupts the localization of human GGA proteins.
      Yeast Gga function was studied using an assay for carboxypeptidase Y
      missorting and synthetic temperature-sensitive lethality between GGAs and
      VPS27. Based on these assays, we conclude that non-Arf-binding yeast Gga
      mutants can function normally in membrane trafficking. Using green
      fluorescent protein-tagged Gga1p, we show that Arf interaction is not
      required for Gga localization to the Golgi. Truncation analysis of Gga1p
      and Gga2p suggests that the N-terminal VHS domain and C-terminal hinge and
      ear domains play significant roles in yeast Gga protein localization and
      function. Together, our data suggest that yeast Gga proteins function to
      assemble a protein complex at the late Golgi to initiate proper sorting
      and transport of specific cargo. Whereas mammalian GGAs must interact with
      ARF to localize to and function at the Golgi, interaction between yeast
      Ggas and Arf plays a minor role in Gga localization and function.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota
      Duluth School of Medicine, Duluth 55812, USA. aboman@d.umn.edu
FAU - Boman, Annette L
AU  - Boman AL
FAU - Salo, Paul D
AU  - Salo PD
FAU - Hauglund, Melissa J
AU  - Hauglund MJ
FAU - Strand, Nicole L
AU  - Strand NL
FAU - Rensink, Shelly J
AU  - Rensink SJ
FAU - Zhdankina, Olga
AU  - Zhdankina O
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (golgi associated, gamma adaptin homologous, ADP-ribosylation factor
      interacting protein)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.47 (ADP-Ribosylation Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - ADP-Ribosylation Factors/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - *Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carrier Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Chromatography, Affinity
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Rats
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Subcellular Fractions
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Two-Hybrid System Techniques
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0078 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3078-95.

PMID- 12221118
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041118
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Inversin forms a complex with catenins and N-cadherin in polarized
      epithelial cells.
PG  - 3096-106
AB  - Nephrogenesis starts with the reciprocal induction of two embryonically
      distinct analages, metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud. This complex
      process requires the refined and coordinated expression of numerous
      developmental genes, such as inv. Mice that are homozygous for a mutation
      in the inv gene (inv/inv) develop renal cysts resembling
      autosomal-recessive polycystic kidney disease. The gene locus containing
      inv has been proposed to serve as a common modifier for some human and
      rodent polycystic kidney disease phenotypes. We generated polyclonal
      antibodies to inversin to study its subcellular distribution, potential
      binding partners, and functional aspects in cultured murine proximal
      tubule cells. A 125-kDa inversin protein isoform was found at cell-cell
      junctions. Two inversin isoforms, 140- and 90-kDa, were identified in the
      nuclear and perinuclear compartments. Plasma membrane allocation of
      inversin is dependent upon cell-cell contacts and was redistributed when
      cell adhesion was disrupted after incubation of the cell monolayer with
      low-calcium/EGTA medium. We further show that the membrane-associated
      125-kDa inversin forms a complex with N-cadherin and the catenins. The
      90-kDa nuclear inversin complexes with beta-catenin. These findings
      indicate that the inv gene product functions in several cellular
      compartments, including the nucleus and cell-cell adhesion sites.
AD  - Indiana University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of
      Nephrology, Indianapolis 46202-5116, USA.
FAU - Nurnberger, Jens
AU  - Nurnberger J
FAU - Bacallao, Robert L
AU  - Bacallao RL
FAU - Phillips, Carrie L
AU  - Phillips CL
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DK50141/DK/NIDDK
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Cadherins)
RN  - 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (INVS protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Invs protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Protein Isoforms)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Triiodobenzoic Acids)
RN  - 146409-33-8 (beta catenin)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 92339-11-2 (iodixanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Body Patterning
MH  - Cadherins/*metabolism
MH  - Calcium/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Cell Adhesion
MH  - Cell Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Cell Nucleus/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Epithelial Cells/*metabolism
MH  - Homozygote
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Isoforms
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Spectrum Analysis, Mass
MH  - Trans-Activators/*metabolism
MH  - *Transcription Factors
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Triiodobenzoic Acids/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0195 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3096-106.

PMID- 12221119
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Modulation of cellular cholesterol transport and homeostasis by Rab11.
PG  - 3107-22
AB  - To analyze the contribution of vesicular trafficking pathways in cellular
      cholesterol transport we examined the effects of selected endosomal Rab
      proteins on cholesterol distribution by filipin staining. Transient
      overexpression of Rab11 resulted in prominent accumulation of free
      cholesterol in Rab11-positive organelles that sequestered transferrin
      receptors and internalized transferrin. Sphingolipids were selectively
      redistributed as pyrene-sphingomyelin and sulfatide cosequestered with
      Rab11-positive endosomes, whereas globotriaosyl ceramide and GM2
      ganglioside did not. Rab11 overexpression did not perturb the transport of
      1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethyl-indocarbocyanine-perchlorate-labele
      d low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to late endosomes or the Niemann-Pick type
      C1 (NPC1)-induced late endosomal cholesterol clearance in NPC patient
      cells. However, Rab11 overexpression inhibited cellular cholesterol
      esterification in an LDL-independent manner. This effect could be overcome
      by introducing cholesterol to the plasma membrane by using cyclodextrin as
      a carrier. These results suggest that in Rab11-overexpressing cells,
      deposition of cholesterol in recycling endosomes results in its impaired
      esterification, presumably due to defective recycling of cholesterol to
      the plasma membrane. The findings point to the importance of the recycling
      endosomes in regulating cholesterol and sphingolipid trafficking and
      cellular cholesterol homeostasis.
AD  - Department of Molecular Medicine, National Public Health Institute,
      Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Holtta-Vuori, Maarit
AU  - Holtta-Vuori M
FAU - Tanhuanpaa, Kimmo
AU  - Tanhuanpaa K
FAU - Mobius, Wiebke
AU  - Mobius W
FAU - Somerharju, Pentti
AU  - Somerharju P
FAU - Ikonen, Elina
AU  - Ikonen E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cyclodextrins)
RN  - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (NPC1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Transferrin)
RN  - 0 (Xanthenes)
RN  - 0 (rab11 protein)
RN  - 11096-37-0 (Transferrin)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate)
RN  - 57-88-5 (Cholesterol)
RN  - 58-85-5 (Biotin)
RN  - 82354-19-6 (Texas red)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (GTP Phosphohydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (rab GTP-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Biotin/metabolism
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Carrier Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Cholesterol/*metabolism
MH  - Cyclodextrins/metabolism
MH  - Endocytosis
MH  - Endosomes/metabolism
MH  - GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
MH  - Genes, Dominant
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Transferrin/metabolism
MH  - Xanthenes/pharmacology
MH  - rab GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-01-0025 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3107-22.

PMID- 12221120
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - All small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) of the [U4/U6.U5] Tri-snRNP localize to
      nucleoli; Identification of the nucleolar localization element of U6
      snRNA.
PG  - 3123-37
AB  - Previously, we showed that spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
      transiently passes through the nucleolus. Herein, we report that all
      individual snRNAs of the [U4/U6.U5] tri-snRNP localize to nucleoli,
      demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy of nucleolar preparations after
      injection of fluorescein-labeled snRNA into Xenopus oocyte nuclei.
      Nucleolar localization of U6 is independent from [U4/U6] snRNP formation
      since sites of direct interaction of U6 snRNA with U4 snRNA are not
      nucleolar localization elements. Among all regions in U6, the only one
      required for nucleolar localization is its 3' end, which associates with
      the La protein and subsequently during maturation of U6 is bound by Lsm
      proteins. This 3'-nucleolar localization element of U6 is both essential
      and sufficient for nucleolar localization and also required for
      localization to Cajal bodies. Conversion of the 3' hydroxyl of U6 snRNA to
      a 3' phosphate prevents association with the La protein but does not
      affect U6 localization to nucleoli or Cajal bodies.
AD  - Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode
      Island 02912, USA.
FAU - Gerbi, Susan A
AU  - Gerbi SA
FAU - Lange, Thilo Sascha
AU  - Lange TS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (RNA, Small Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear)
RN  - 0 (U6 small nuclear RNA)
RN  - 9007-49-2 (DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Nucleolus/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Nucleus/metabolism
MH  - Coiled Bodies/metabolism
MH  - DNA/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Oocytes/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - RNA, Small Nuclear/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear/*metabolism
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Xenopus/embryology
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.01-12-0596 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3123-37.

PMID- 12221121
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - A role for Caenorhabditis elegans importin IMA-2 in germ line and
      embryonic mitosis.
PG  - 3138-47
AB  - The importin alpha family of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport factors
      mediates the nuclear localization of proteins containing classical nuclear
      localization signals. Metazoan animals express multiple importin alpha
      proteins, suggesting their possible roles in cell differentiation and
      development. Adult Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites express three
      importin alpha proteins, IMA-1, IMA-2, and IMA-3, each with a distinct
      expression and localization pattern. IMA-2 was expressed exclusively in
      germ line cells from the early embryonic through adult stages. The protein
      has a dynamic pattern of localization dependent on the stage of the cell
      cycle. In interphase germ cells and embryonic cells, IMA-2 is cytoplasmic
      and nuclear envelope associated, whereas in developing oocytes, the
      protein is cytoplasmic and intranuclear. During mitosis in germ line cells
      and embryos, IMA-2 surrounded the condensed chromosomes but was not
      directly associated with the mitotic spindle. The timing of IMA-2 nuclear
      localization suggested that the protein surrounded the chromosomes after
      fenestration of the nuclear envelope in prometaphase. Depletion of IMA-2
      by RNA-mediated gene interference (RNAi) resulted in embryonic lethality
      and a terminal aneuploid phenotype. ima-2(RNAi) embryos have severe
      defects in nuclear envelope formation, accumulating nucleoporins and lamin
      in the cytoplasm. We conclude that IMA-2 is required for proper chromosome
      dynamics in germ line and early embryonic mitosis and is involved in
      nuclear envelope assembly at the conclusion of mitosis.
AD  - Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine,
      Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
FAU - Geles, Kenneth G
AU  - Geles KG
FAU - Johnson, Jeffrey J
AU  - Johnson JJ
FAU - Jong, Sena
AU  - Jong S
FAU - Adam, Stephen A
AU  - Adam SA
LA  - eng
GR  - GM-47866/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins)
RN  - 0 (IMA-2 protein, C elegans)
RN  - 0 (Karyopherins)
RN  - 0 (alpha Karyopherins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Caenorhabditis elegans/*metabolism
MH  - Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/*metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Cell Nucleus/metabolism
MH  - Crosses, Genetic
MH  - Cytoplasm/metabolism
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
MH  - Karyopherins/*metabolism/*physiology
MH  - *Mitosis
MH  - Nuclear Envelope/metabolism
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - RNA Interference
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - alpha Karyopherins/*metabolism/*physiology
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0069 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3138-47.

PMID- 12221122
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The major sites of cellular phospholipid synthesis and molecular
      determinants of Fatty Acid and lipid head group specificity.
PG  - 3148-61
AB  - Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are the two main
      phospholipids in eukaryotic cells comprising ~50 and 25% of phospholipid
      mass, respectively. Phosphatidylcholine is synthesized almost exclusively
      through the CDP-choline pathway in essentially all mammalian cells.
      Phosphatidylethanolamine is synthesized through either the
      CDP-ethanolamine pathway or by the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine,
      with the contribution of each pathway being cell type dependent. Two human
      genes, CEPT1 and CPT1, code for the total compliment of activities that
      directly synthesize phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine
      through the CDP-alcohol pathways. CEPT1 transfers a phosphobase from
      either CDP-choline or CDP-ethanolamine to diacylglycerol to synthesize
      both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas CPT1
      synthesizes phosphatidylcholine exclusively. We show through
      immunofluorescence that brefeldin A treatment relocalizes CPT1, but not
      CEPT1, implying CPT1 is found in the Golgi. A combination of
      coimmunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation experiments with
      various endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and nuclear markers confirmed that
      CPT1 was found in the Golgi and CEPT1 was found in both the endoplasmic
      reticulum and nuclear membranes. The rate-limiting step for
      phosphatidylcholine synthesis is catalyzed by the amphitropic
      CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha, which is found in the
      nucleus in most cell types. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase alpha
      is found immediately upstream cholinephosphotransferase, and it
      translocates from a soluble nuclear location to the nuclear membrane in
      response to activators of the CDP-choline pathway. Thus, substrate
      channeling of the CDP-choline produced by CTP:phosphocholine
      cytidylyltransferase alpha to nuclear located CEPT1 is the mechanism by
      which upregulation of the CDP-choline pathway increases de novo
      phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. In addition, a series of CEPT1
      site-directed mutants was generated that allowed for the assignment of
      specific amino acid residues as structural requirements that directly
      alter either phospholipid head group or fatty acyl composition. This
      pinpointed glycine 156 within the catalytic motif as being responsible for
      the dual CDP-alcohol specificity of CEPT1, whereas mutations within helix
      214-228 allowed for the orientation of transmembrane helices surrounding
      the catalytic site to be definitively positioned.
AD  - The Atlantic Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre,
      Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7 Canada.
FAU - Henneberry, Annette L
AU  - Henneberry AL
FAU - Wright, Marcia M
AU  - Wright MM
FAU - McMaster, Christopher R
AU  - McMaster CR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Diglycerides)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (Phospholipids)
RN  - 56-40-6 (Glycine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Catalytic Domain
MH  - Cell Membrane/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Nucleus/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Complementary/metabolism
MH  - Diglycerides/metabolism
MH  - Fatty Acids/metabolism
MH  - Glycine/chemistry
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lipids/*metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Phospholipids/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.01-11-0540 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3148-61.

PMID- 12221123
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - An essential subfamily of Drs2p-related P-type ATPases is required for
      protein trafficking between Golgi complex and endosomal/vacuolar system.
PG  - 3162-77
AB  - The Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome contains five genes encoding P-type
      ATPases that are potential aminophospholipid translocases (APTs): DRS2,
      NEO1, and three uncharacterized open reading frames that we have named
      DNF1, DNF2, and DNF3 for DRS2/NEO1 family. NEO1 is the only essential gene
      in APT family and seems to be functionally distinct from the DRS2/DNF
      genes. The drs2Delta dnf1Delta dnf2Delta dnf3Delta quadruple mutant is
      inviable, although any one member of this group can maintain viability,
      indicating that there is a substantial functional overlap between the
      encoded proteins. We have previously implicated Drs2p in clathrin function
      at the trans-Golgi network. In this study, we constructed strains carrying
      all possible viable combinations of null alleles from this group and
      analyzed them for defects in protein transport. The drs2Delta dnf1Delta
      mutant grows slowly, massively accumulates intracellular membranes, and
      exhibits a substantial defect in the transport of alkaline phosphatase to
      the vacuole. Transport of carboxypeptidase Y to the vacuole is also
      perturbed, but to a lesser extent. In addition, the dnf1Delta dnf2Delta
      dnf3Delta mutant exhibits a defect in recycling of GFP-Snc1p in the early
      endocytic-late secretory pathways. Drs2p and Dnf3p colocalize with the
      trans-Golgi network marker Kex2p, whereas Dnf1p and Dnf2p seem to localize
      to the plasma membrane and late exocytic or early endocytic membranes. We
      propose that eukaryotes express multiple APT subfamily members to
      facilitate protein transport in multiple pathways.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville,
      Tennessee 37235-1634, USA.
FAU - Hua, Zhaolin
AU  - Hua Z
FAU - Fatheddin, Parvin
AU  - Fatheddin P
FAU - Graham, Todd R
AU  - Graham TR
LA  - eng
GR  - GM-62367/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (SNC1 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.1 (Alkaline Phosphatase)
RN  - EC 3.2.1. (Glycoside Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.26 (beta-Fructofuranosidase)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (Carboxypeptidases)
RN  - EC 3.4.16.5 (Carboxypeptidase C)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (DRS2 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.3 (Adenosinetriphosphatase)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.38 (Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosinetriphosphatase/*chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/chemistry/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Carboxypeptidase C
MH  - Carboxypeptidases/metabolism
MH  - Endosomes/*metabolism
MH  - Glycoside Hydrolases/metabolism
MH  - Golgi Apparatus/*metabolism
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Transport
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Vacuoles/metabolism
MH  - beta-Fructofuranosidase
MH  - trans-Golgi Network/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0172 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3162-77.

PMID- 12221124
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20050209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Regulation of focal adhesion kinase by a novel protein inhibitor FIP200.
PG  - 3178-91
AB  - Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a major mediator of integrin signaling
      pathways. The mechanisms of regulation of FAK activity and its associated
      cellular functions are not very well understood. Here, we present data
      suggesting that a novel protein FIP200 functions as an inhibitor for FAK.
      We show the association of endogenous FIP200 with FAK, which is decreased
      upon integrin-mediated cell adhesion concomitant with FAK activation. In
      vitro- and in vivo-binding studies indicate that FIP200 interacts with FAK
      through multiple domains directly. FIP200 bound to the kinase domain of
      FAK inhibited its kinase activity in vitro and its autophosphorylation in
      vivo. Overexpression of FIP200 or its segments inhibited cell spreading,
      cell migration, and cell cycle progression, which correlated with their
      inhibition of FAK activity in vivo. The inhibition of these cellular
      functions by FIP200 could be rescued by coexpression of FAK. Last, we show
      that disruption of the functional interaction between endogenous FIP200
      with FAK leads to increased FAK phosphorylation and partial restoration of
      cell cycle progression in cells plated on poly-L-lysine, providing further
      support for FIP200 as a negative regulator of FAK. Together, these results
      identify FIP200 as a novel protein inhibitor for FAK.
AD  - Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell
      University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
FAU - Abbi, Smita
AU  - Abbi S
FAU - Ueda, Hiroki
AU  - Ueda H
FAU - Zheng, Chuanhai
AU  - Zheng C
FAU - Cooper, Lee Ann
AU  - Cooper LA
FAU - Zhao, Jihe
AU  - Zhao J
FAU - Christopher, Renee
AU  - Christopher R
FAU - Guan, Jun-Lin
AU  - Guan JL
LA  - eng
GR  - GM48050/GM/NIGMS
GR  - GM52890/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 59-14-3 (Bromodeoxyuridine)
RN  - 70-18-8 (Glutathione)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (RB1CC1 protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Protein-Tyrosine Kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (focal adhesion kinase)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3T3 Cells
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Bromodeoxyuridine/pharmacology
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cell Adhesion
MH  - Cell Cycle
MH  - Cell Movement
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Escherichia coli/metabolism
MH  - Genetic Vectors
MH  - Glutathione/metabolism
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/*antagonists &
      inhibitors/*metabolism/*pharmacology
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-05-0295 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3178-91.

PMID- 12221125
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The product of the survival of motor neuron (SMN) gene is a human
      telomerase-associated protein.
PG  - 3192-202
AB  - Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is minimally composed
      of a protein catalytic subunit, the telomerase reverse transcriptase
      (TERT), and an RNA component, the telomerase RNA. The survival of motor
      neuron (SMN) gene codes for a protein involved in the biogenesis of
      certain RNPs. Here, we report that SMN is a telomerase-associated protein.
      Using in vitro binding assays and immunoprecipitation experiments, we
      demonstrate an association between SMN and the telomerase RNP in vitro and
      in human cells. The specific immunopurification of SMN from human 293
      cells copurified telomerase activity, suggesting that SMN associates with
      a subset of the functional telomerase holoenzyme. Our results also
      indicate that the human telomerase RNA and the human (h) TERT are not
      associated with Sm proteins, in contrast to Saccharomyces cerevisiae
      telomerase. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that hTERT does not
      specifically colocalize with wild-type SMN in gems or Cajal bodies.
      However, a dominant-negative mutant of SMN (SMNDeltaN27) previously
      characterized to elicit the cellular reorganization of small nuclear RNPs
      caused the accumulation of hTERT in specific SMNDeltaN27-induced cellular
      bodies. Furthermore, coexpression of SMNDeltaN27 and hTERT in rabbit
      reticulocyte lysates decreased the efficiency of human telomerase
      reconstitution in vitro. Our results establish SMN as a novel
      telomerase-associated protein that is likely to function in human
      telomerase biogenesis.
AD  - Bloomfield Centre for Research in Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical
      Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec,
      H3T 1E2, Canada.
FAU - Bachand, Francois
AU  - Bachand F
FAU - Boisvert, Francois-Michel
AU  - Boisvert FM
FAU - Cote, Jocelyn
AU  - Cote J
FAU - Richard, Stephane
AU  - Richard S
FAU - Autexier, Chantal
AU  - Autexier C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (SMN protein (spinal muscular atrophy))
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Telomerase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Catalysis
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Nucleus/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Complementary/metabolism
MH  - Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
MH  - Genes, Dominant
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/*metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Telomerase/*metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0216 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3192-202.

PMID- 12221126
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - alpha4beta1 integrin regulates lamellipodia protrusion via a focal
      complex/focal adhesion-independent mechanism.
PG  - 3203-17
AB  - alpha4beta1 integrin plays an important role in cell migration. We show
      that when ectopically expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells,
      alpha4beta1 is sufficient and required for promoting protrusion of broad
      lamellipodia in response to scratch-wounding, whereas alpha5beta1 does not
      have this effect. By time-lapse microscopy of cells expressing an
      alpha4/green fluorescent protein fusion protein, we show that alpha4beta1
      forms transient puncta at the leading edge of cells that begin to protrude
      lamellipodia in response to scratch-wounding. The cells expressing a
      mutant alpha4/green fluorescent protein that binds paxillin at a reduced
      level had a faster response to scratch-wounding, forming alpha4-positive
      puncta and protruding lamellipodia much earlier. While enhancing
      lamellipodia protrusion, this mutation reduces random motility of the
      cells in Transwell assays, indicating that lamellipodia protrusion and
      random motility are distinct types of motile activities that are
      differentially regulated by interactions between alpha4beta1 and paxillin.
      Finally, we show that, at the leading edge, alpha4-positive puncta and
      paxillin-positive focal complexes/adhesions do not colocalize, but
      alpha4beta1 and paxillin colocalize partially in ruffles. These findings
      provide evidence for a specific role of alpha4beta1 in lamellipodia
      protrusion that is distinct from the motility-promoting functions of
      alpha5beta1 and other integrins that mediate cell adhesion and signaling
      events through focal complexes and focal adhesions.
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of
      Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
FAU - Pinco, Karen A
AU  - Pinco KA
FAU - He, Wei
AU  - He W
FAU - Yang, Joy T
AU  - Yang JT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Integrin alpha4beta1)
RN  - 0 (Integrin alpha5beta1)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (paxillin)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biotinylation
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cell Adhesion
MH  - Cell Division
MH  - Cell Movement
MH  - Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Focal Adhesions/metabolism
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Integrin alpha4beta1/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Integrin alpha5beta1/metabolism
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phosphoproteins/metabolism
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Wound Healing
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.02-05-0086 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3203-17.

PMID- 12221127
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Regulation of airway tight junctions by proinflammatory cytokines.
PG  - 3218-34
AB  - Epithelial tight junctions (TJs) provide an important route for passive
      electrolyte transport across airway epithelium and provide a barrier to
      the migration of toxic materials from the lumen to the interstitium. The
      possibility that TJ function may be perturbed by airway inflammation
      originated from studies reporting (1) increased levels of the
      proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor
      alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-1beta in airway
      epithelia and secretions from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and (2)
      abnormal TJ strands of CF airways as revealed by freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy. We measured the effects of cytokine exposure of CF and non-CF
      well-differentiated primary human airway epithelial cells on TJ
      properties, including transepithelial resistance, paracellular
      permeability to hydrophilic solutes, and the TJ proteins occludin,
      claudin-1, claudin-4, junctional adhesion molecule, and ZO-1. We found
      that whereas IL-1beta treatment led to alterations in TJ ion selectivity,
      combined treatment of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma induced profound effects on
      TJ barrier function, which could be blocked by inhibitors of protein
      kinase C. CF bronchi in vivo exhibited the same pattern of expression of
      TJ-associated proteins as cultures exposed in vitro to prolonged exposure
      to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. These data indicate that the TJ of airway
      epithelia exposed to chronic inflammation may exhibit parallel changes in
      the barrier function to both solutes and ions.
AD  - Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, The University of
      North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
FAU - Coyne, Carolyn B
AU  - Coyne CB
FAU - Vanhook, Miriam K
AU  - Vanhook MK
FAU - Gambling, Todd M
AU  - Gambling TM
FAU - Carson, Johnny L
AU  - Carson JL
FAU - Boucher, Richard C
AU  - Boucher RC
FAU - Johnson, Larry G
AU  - Johnson LG
LA  - eng
GR  - HL-54832/HL/NHLBI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-1)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 0 (zonula occludens-1 protein)
RN  - 7440-23-5 (Sodium)
RN  - 7782-50-5 (Chlorine)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinase C)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cell Movement
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chlorine/metabolism
MH  - Cystic Fibrosis/*metabolism
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis/*metabolism
MH  - Electrophysiology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Epithelial Cells/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interferon Type II/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-1/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Microscopy, Electron
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Permeability
MH  - Phosphoproteins/metabolism
MH  - Protein Kinase C/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Sodium/pharmacology
MH  - Tight Junctions/*metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0134 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3218-34.

PMID- 12221128
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Centrosomal proteins CG-NAP and kendrin provide microtubule nucleation
      sites by anchoring gamma-tubulin ring complex.
PG  - 3235-45
AB  - Microtubule assembly is initiated by the gamma-tubulin ring complex
      (gamma-TuRC). In yeast, the microtubule is nucleated from gamma-TuRC
      anchored to the amino-terminus of the spindle pole body component Spc110p,
      which interacts with calmodulin (Cmd1p) at the carboxy-terminus. However,
      mammalian protein that anchors gamma-TuRC remains to be elucidated. A
      giant coiled-coil protein, CG-NAP (centrosome and Golgi localized
      PKN-associated protein), was localized to the centrosome via the
      carboxyl-terminal region. This region was found to interact with
      calmodulin by yeast two-hybrid screening, and it shares high homology with
      the carboxyl-terminal region of another centrosomal coiled-coil protein,
      kendrin. The amino-terminal region of either CG-NAP or kendrin indirectly
      associated with gamma-tubulin through binding with gamma-tubulin complex
      protein 2 (GCP2) and/or GCP3. Furthermore, endogenous CG-NAP and kendrin
      were coimmunoprecipitated with each other and with endogenous GCP2 and
      gamma-tubulin, suggesting that CG-NAP and kendrin form complexes and
      interact with gamma-TuRC in vivo. These proteins were localized to the
      center of microtubule asters nucleated from isolated centrosomes.
      Pretreatment of the centrosomes by antibody to CG-NAP or kendrin
      moderately inhibited the microtubule nucleation; moreover, the combination
      of these antibodies resulted in stronger inhibition. These results imply
      that CG-NAP and kendrin provide sites for microtubule nucleation in the
      mammalian centrosome by anchoring gamma-TuRC.
AD  - Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Japan.
FAU - Takahashi, Mikiko
AU  - Takahashi M
FAU - Yamagiwa, Akiko
AU  - Yamagiwa A
FAU - Nishimura, Tamako
AU  - Nishimura T
FAU - Mukai, Hideyuki
AU  - Mukai H
FAU - Ono, Yoshitaka
AU  - Ono Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (AKAP9 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing)
RN  - 0 (Calmodulin-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cytoskeletal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Microtubule-Associated Proteins)
RN  - 0 (TUBGCP2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (TUBGCP3 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Tubulin)
RN  - 0 (kendrin)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Calmodulin-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Carrier Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Nucleus/*metabolism
MH  - Centrosome/metabolism
MH  - *Cytoskeletal Proteins
MH  - DNA, Complementary/metabolism
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Microtubules/*metabolism/ultrastructure
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Tubulin/*metabolism
MH  - Two-Hybrid System Techniques
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0112 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3235-45.

PMID- 12221129
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041203
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - DNA repair and transcriptional effects of mutations in TFIIH in Drosophila
      development.
PG  - 3246-56
AB  - Mutations in XPB and XPD TFIIH helicases have been related with three
      hereditary human disorders: xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and
      trichothiodystrophy. The dual role of TFIIH in DNA repair and
      transcription makes it difficult to discern which of the mutant TFIIH
      phenotypes is due to defects in any of these different processes. We used
      haywire (hay), the Drosophila XPB homolog, to dissect this problem. Our
      results show that when hay dosage is affected, the fly shows defects in
      structures that require high levels of transcription. We found a genetic
      interaction between hay and cdk7, and we propose that some of these
      phenotypes are due to transcriptional deficiencies. We also found more
      apoptotic cells in imaginal discs and in the CNS of hay mutant flies than
      in wild-type flies. Because this abnormal level of apoptosis was not
      detected in cdk7 flies, this phenotype could be related to defects in DNA
      repair. In addition the apoptosis induced by p53 Drosophila homolog
      (Dmp53) is suppressed in heterozygous hay flies.
AD  - Department of Genetics and Molecular Physiology, Institute of
      Biotechnology, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Morelos 62250,
      Mexico.
FAU - Merino, Carlos
AU  - Merino C
FAU - Reynaud, Enrique
AU  - Reynaud E
FAU - Vazquez, Martha
AU  - Vazquez M
FAU - Zurita, Mario
AU  - Zurita M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Drosophila Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Protein p53)
RN  - 0 (TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors)
RN  - 0 (Taf6 protein, Drosophila)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factor TFIID)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors, TFII)
RN  - 148710-81-0 (transcription factor TFIIH)
RN  - 148998-67-8 (haywire protein, Drosophila)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Genetically Modified
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *DNA Repair
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Drosophila/*embryology/genetics
MH  - Drosophila Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Heterozygote
MH  - Homozygote
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Nucleic Acid Hybridization
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Protein p53/genetics
MH  - RNA/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors
MH  - *Transcription Factor TFIID
MH  - Transcription Factors, TFII/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Ultraviolet Rays
MH  - Wing/embryology
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0087 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3246-56.

PMID- 12221130
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Agonist-induced PIP(2) hydrolysis inhibits cortical actin dynamics:
      regulation at a global but not at a micrometer scale.
PG  - 3257-67
AB  - Phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) at the inner leaflet of
      the plasma membrane has been proposed to locally regulate the actin
      cytoskeleton. Indeed, recent studies that use GFP-tagged pleckstrin
      homology domains (GFP-PH) as fluorescent PIP(2) sensors suggest that this
      lipid is enriched in membrane microdomains. Here we report that this
      concept needs revision. Using three distinct fluorescent GFP-tagged
      pleckstrin homology domains, we show that highly mobile GFP-PH patches
      colocalize perfectly with various lipophilic membrane dyes and, hence,
      represent increased lipid content rather than PIP(2)-enriched
      microdomains. We show that bright patches are caused by submicroscopical
      folds and ruffles in the membrane that can be directly visualized at
      approximately 15 nm axial resolution with a novel numerically enhanced
      imaging method. F-actin motility is inhibited significantly by
      agonist-induced PIP(2) breakdown, and it resumes as soon as PIP(2) levels
      are back to normal. Thus, our data support a role for PIP(2) in the
      regulation of cortical actin, but they challenge a model in which spatial
      differences in PIP(2) regulation of the cytoskeleton exist at a micrometer
      scale.
AD  - Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX
      Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
FAU - van Rheenen, Jacco
AU  - van Rheenen J
FAU - Jalink, Kees
AU  - Jalink K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - 3T3 Cells
MH  - Actins/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Cell Movement
MH  - Cytoskeleton/metabolism
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Models, Statistical
MH  - Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate/agonists/*metabolism
MH  - Photobleaching
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0231 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3257-67.

PMID- 12221131
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041203
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - A Rab8-specific GDP/GTP exchange factor is involved in actin remodeling
      and polarized membrane transport.
PG  - 3268-80
AB  - The mechanisms mediating polarized delivery of vesicles to cell surface
      domains are poorly understood in animal cells. We have previously shown
      that expression of Rab8 promotes the formation of new cell surface domains
      through reorganization of actin and microtubules. To unravel the function
      of Rab8, we used the yeast two-hybrid system to search for potential
      Rab8-specific activators. We identified a coil-coiled protein (Rabin8),
      homologous to the rat Rabin3 that stimulated nucleotide exchange on Rab8
      but not on Rab3A and Rab5. Furthermore, we show that rat Rabin3 has
      exchange activity on Rab8 but not on Rab3A, supporting the view that rat
      Rabin3 is the rat equivalent of human Rabin8. Rabin8 localized to the
      cortical actin and expression of Rabin8 resulted in remodeling of actin
      and the formation of polarized cell surface domains. Activation of PKC by
      phorbol esters enhanced translocation of both Rabin8 and Rab8-specific
      vesicles to the outer edge of lamellipodial structures. Moreover,
      coexpression of Rabin8 with dominant negative Rab8 (T22N) redistributes
      Rabin8 from cortical actin to Rab8-specific vesicles and promotes their
      polarized transport to cell protrusions. The C-terminal region of Rabin8
      plays an essential role in this transport. We propose that Rabin8 is a
      Rab8-specific activator that is connected to processes that mediate
      polarized membrane traffic to dynamic cell surface structures.
AD  - Institute of Biotechnology, Program in Cellular Biotechnology, FIN-00014
      University of Helsinki, Finland.
FAU - Hattula, Katarina
AU  - Hattula K
FAU - Furuhjelm, Johanna
AU  - Furuhjelm J
FAU - Arffman, Airi
AU  - Arffman A
FAU - Peranen, Johan
AU  - Peranen J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors)
RN  - 0 (Rab8 protein)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 146-91-8 (Guanosine Diphosphate)
RN  - 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (germinal center kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinase C)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (rab GTP-Binding Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (rab3A GTP-Binding Protein)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Actins/*metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Cell Membrane/*metabolism
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
MH  - Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Guanosine Diphosphate/*metabolism
MH  - Guanosine Triphosphate/*metabolism
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Kinase C/metabolism
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - *Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tissue Distribution
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Two-Hybrid System Techniques
MH  - rab GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - rab3A GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
MH  - rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0143 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3268-80.

PMID- 12221132
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Calcineurin, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, is
      involved in movement, fertility, egg laying, and growth in Caenorhabditis
      elegans.
PG  - 3281-93
AB  - Calcineurin is a Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein
      phosphatase that has been implicated in various signaling pathways. Here
      we report the identification and characterization of calcineurin genes in
      Caenorhabditis elegans (cna-1 and cnb-1), which share high homology with
      Drosophila and mammalian calcineurin genes. C. elegans calcineurin binds
      calcium and functions as a heterodimeric protein phosphatase establishing
      its biochemical conservation in the nematode. Calcineurin is expressed in
      hypodermal seam cells, body-wall muscle, vulva muscle, neuronal cells, and
      in sperm and the spermatheca. cnb-1 mutants showed pleiotropic defects
      including lethargic movement and delayed egg-laying. Interestingly, these
      characteristic defects resembled phenotypes observed in gain-of-function
      mutants of unc-43/Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)
      and goa-1/G(o)-protein alpha-subunit. Double mutants of cnb-1 and
      unc-43(gf) displayed an apparent synergistic severity of movement and
      egg-laying defects, suggesting that calcineurin may have an antagonistic
      role in CaMKII-regulated phosphorylation signaling pathways in C. elegans.
AD  - Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology,
      Korea.
FAU - Bandyopadhyay, Jaya
AU  - Bandyopadhyay J
FAU - Lee, Jiyeon
AU  - Lee J
FAU - Lee, Jungsoo
AU  - Lee J
FAU - Lee, Jin Il
AU  - Lee JI
FAU - Yu, Jae-Ran
AU  - Yu JR
FAU - Jee, Changhoon
AU  - Jee C
FAU - Cho, Jeong-Hoon
AU  - Cho JH
FAU - Jung, Sunki
AU  - Jung S
FAU - Lee, Myon Hee
AU  - Lee MH
FAU - Zannoni, Sonia
AU  - Zannoni S
FAU - Singson, Andrew
AU  - Singson A
FAU - Kim, Do Han
AU  - Kim do H
FAU - Koo, Hyeon-Sook
AU  - Koo HS
FAU - Ahnn, Joohong
AU  - Ahnn J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.1.3 (Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.- (Calcineurin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Northern
MH  - Caenorhabditis elegans/*metabolism
MH  - Calcineurin/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Division
MH  - Cell Movement
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Complementary/metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Gene Deletion
MH  - Gene Library
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Two-Hybrid System Techniques
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-01-0005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3281-93.

PMID- 12221133
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Membrane trafficking of heterotrimeric G proteins via the endoplasmic
      reticulum and Golgi.
PG  - 3294-302
AB  - Membrane targeting of G-protein alphabetagamma heterotrimers was
      investigated in live cells by use of Galpha and Ggamma subunits tagged
      with spectral mutants of green fluorescent protein. Unlike Ras proteins,
      Gbetagamma contains a single targeting signal, the CAAX motif, which
      directed the dimer to the endoplasmic reticulum. Endomembrane localization
      of farnesylated Ggamma(1), but not geranylgeranylated Ggamma(2), required
      carboxyl methylation. Targeting of the heterotrimer to the plasma membrane
      (PM) required coexpression of all three subunits, combining the CAAX motif
      of Ggamma with the fatty acyl modifications of Galpha. Galpha associated
      with Gbetagamma on the Golgi and palmitoylation of Galpha was required for
      translocation of the heterotrimer to the PM. Thus, two separate signals,
      analogous to the dual-signal targeting mechanism of Ras proteins,
      cooperate to target heterotrimeric G proteins to the PM via the
      endomembrane.
AD  - Department of Medicine, Cell Biology and Pharmacology, NYU School of
      Medicine, 10016, USA.
FAU - Michaelson, David
AU  - Michaelson D
FAU - Ahearn, Ian
AU  - Ahearn I
FAU - Bergo, Martin
AU  - Bergo M
FAU - Young, Stephen
AU  - Young S
FAU - Philips, Mark
AU  - Philips M
LA  - eng
GR  - AI-36224/AI/NIAID
GR  - CA-09161/CA/NCI
GR  - GM-55279/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (GTP-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cell Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism
MH  - GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Golgi Apparatus/*metabolism
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Humans
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Isoprenylation
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0095 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3294-302.

PMID- 12221134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Regulation of flagellar dynein by calcium and a role for an axonemal
      calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinase.
PG  - 3303-13
AB  - Ciliary and flagellar motility is regulated by changes in intraflagellar
      calcium. However, the molecular mechanism by which calcium controls
      motility is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that calcium regulates
      motility by controlling dynein-driven microtubule sliding and that the
      central pair and radial spokes are involved in this regulation. We
      isolated axonemes from Chlamydomonas mutants and measured microtubule
      sliding velocity in buffers containing 1 mM ATP and various concentrations
      of calcium. In buffers with pCa > 8, microtubule sliding velocity in
      axonemes lacking the central apparatus (pf18 and pf15) was reduced
      compared with that of wild-type axonemes. In contrast, at pCa4, dynein
      activity in pf18 and pf15 axonemes was restored to wild-type level. The
      calcium-induced increase in dynein activity in pf18 axonemes was inhibited
      by antagonists of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent kinase II. Axonemes
      lacking the C1 central tubule (pf16) or lacking radial spoke components
      (pf14 and pf17) do not exhibit calcium-induced increase in dynein activity
      in pCa4 buffer. We conclude that calcium regulation of flagellar motility
      involves regulation of dynein-driven microtubule sliding, that calmodulin
      and calmodulin-dependent kinase II may mediate the calcium signal, and
      that the central apparatus and radial spokes are key components of the
      calcium signaling pathway.
AD  - Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Hanover, New
      Hampshire 03755, USA. elizabeth.f.smith@dartmouth.edu
FAU - Smith, Elizabeth F
AU  - Smith EF
LA  - eng
GR  - GM51379/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Calmodulin)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.123 (Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Casein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 3.1.3 (Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.16 (Phosphoprotein Phosphatase)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.33 (Dynein ATPase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Axons/*metabolism
MH  - Ca(2+)-Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase/*metabolism
MH  - Calcium/*metabolism
MH  - Calmodulin/*metabolism
MH  - Casein Kinases
MH  - Chlamydomonas/*cytology/genetics
MH  - Dynein ATPase/*metabolism
MH  - Flagella/*metabolism
MH  - Microtubules/metabolism
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Phosphoprotein Phosphatase/metabolism
MH  - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
MH  - Protein Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0185 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3303-13.

PMID- 12221135
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Analysis of Sec22p in endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi transport reveals
      cellular redundancy in SNARE protein function.
PG  - 3314-24
AB  - Membrane-bound soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment
      protein receptor (SNARE) proteins form heteromeric complexes that are
      required for intracellular membrane fusion and are proposed to encode
      compartmental specificity. In yeast, the R-SNARE protein Sec22p acts in
      transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi compartments
      but is not essential for cell growth. Other SNARE proteins that function
      in association with Sec22p (i.e., Sed5p, Bos1p, and Bet1p) are essential,
      leading us to question how transport through the early secretory pathway
      is sustained in the absence of Sec22p. In wild-type strains, we show that
      Sec22p is directly required for fusion of ER-derived vesicles with Golgi
      acceptor membranes. In sec22Delta strains, Ykt6p, a related R-SNARE
      protein that operates in later stages of the secretory pathway, is
      up-regulated and functionally substitutes for Sec22p. In vivo combination
      of the sec22Delta mutation with a conditional ykt6-1 allele results in
      lethality, consistent with a redundant mechanism. Our data indicate that
      the requirements for specific SNARE proteins in intracellular membrane
      fusion are less stringent than appreciated and suggest that combinatorial
      mechanisms using both upstream-targeting elements and SNARE proteins are
      required to maintain an essential level of compartmental organization.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New
      Hampshire 03755, USA.
FAU - Liu, Yiting
AU  - Liu Y
FAU - Barlowe, Charles
AU  - Barlowe C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Membrane Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Cell Surface)
RN  - 0 (SNAP receptor)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Sec22 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (YKT6 protein, S cerevisiae)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Cell-Free System
MH  - Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism
MH  - Golgi Apparatus/*metabolism
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Membrane Proteins/*biosynthesis/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Transport
MH  - Receptors, Cell Surface/*biosynthesis/physiology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*biosynthesis/physiology
MH  - *Vesicular Transport Proteins
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-04-0204 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3314-24.

PMID- 12221136
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Proteasome regulates the delivery of LDL receptor-related protein into the
      degradation pathway.
PG  - 3325-35
AB  - The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related protein (LRP) is a
      multiligand endocytic receptor that has broad cellular and physiological
      functions. Previous studies have shown that both tyrosine-based and
      di-leucine motifs within the LRP cytoplasmic tail are responsible for
      mediating its rapid endocytosis. Little is known, however, about the
      mechanism by which LRP is targeted for degradation. By examining both
      endogenous full-length and a minireceptor form of LRP, we found that
      proteasomal inhibitors, MG132 and lactacystin, prolong the cellular
      half-life of LRP. The presence of proteasomal inhibitors also
      significantly increased the level of LRP at the cell surface, suggesting
      that the delivery of LRP to the degradation pathway was blocked at a
      compartment from which recycling of the receptor to the cell surface still
      occurred. Immunoelectron microscopy analyses demonstrated a proteasomal
      inhibitor-dependent reduction in LRP minireceptor within both limiting
      membrane and internal vesicles of the multivesicular bodies, which are
      compartments that lead to receptor degradation. In contrast to the growth
      hormone receptor, we found that the initial endocytosis of LRP
      minireceptor does not require a functional ubiquitin-proteasome system.
      Finally, using truncated cytoplasmic mutants of LRP minireceptors, we
      found that a region of 19 amino acids within the LRP tail is required for
      proteasomal regulation. Taken together our results provide strong evidence
      that the cellular turnover of a cargo receptor, i.e., LRP, is regulated by
      the proteasomal system, suggesting a broader function of the proteasome in
      regulating the trafficking of receptors into the degradation pathway.
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, CB
      8208, St. Louis Children's Hospital, Missouri 63110, USA.
FAU - Melman, Lora
AU  - Melman L
FAU - Geuze, Hans J
AU  - Geuze HJ
FAU - Li, Yonghe
AU  - Li Y
FAU - McCormick, Lynn M
AU  - McCormick LM
FAU - Van Kerkhof, Peter
AU  - Van Kerkhof P
FAU - Strous, Ger J
AU  - Strous GJ
FAU - Schwartz, Alan L
AU  - Schwartz AL
FAU - Bu, Guojun
AU  - Bu G
LA  - eng
GR  - AG05681/AG/NIA
GR  - DK61761/DK/NIDDK
GR  - HL53280/HL/NHLBI
GR  - NS37525/NS/NINDS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1)
RN  - 0 (Leupeptins)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Lipoproteins, LDL)
RN  - 0 (Multienzyme Complexes)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 133407-82-6 (benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde)
RN  - EC 3.4.22 (Cysteine Endopeptidases)
RN  - EC 3.4.25.1 (Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cysteine Endopeptidases/*metabolism
MH  - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Endocytosis
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - LDL-Receptor Related Protein 1/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Leupeptins/pharmacology
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Microscopy, Immunoelectron
MH  - Multienzyme Complexes/*metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Transport
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-03-0152 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3325-35.

PMID- 12221137
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - A Ypt32p exchange factor is a putative effector of Ypt1p.
PG  - 3336-43
AB  - Ypt1p regulates vesicle tethering and fusion events from the ER to the
      Golgi and through the early Golgi. Genetic studies have suggested a
      functional relationship between Ypt1p and Ypt31p/Ypt32p. Ypt31p and Ypt32p
      are a pair of functionally redundant GTPases that act after Ypt1p to
      mediate intra-Golgi traffic or the budding of post-Golgi vesicles from the
      trans-Golgi. Here we report that a novel Ypt32p exchange factor is a
      putative effector of Ypt1p. These findings implicate small GTP-binding
      proteins of the Ypt/Rab family in a signal cascade that directs membrane
      traffic through the secretory pathway.
AD  - Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Cell Biology, Yale
      University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06519-1418, USA.
FAU - Wang, Wei
AU  - Wang W
FAU - Ferro-Novick, Susan
AU  - Ferro-Novick S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins)
RN  - 0 (USO1 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (Vesicular Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (YPT1 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 0 (YPT32 protein, S cerevisiae)
RN  - 86-01-1 (Guanosine Triphosphate)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (rab GTP-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carrier Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Cell Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Cytosol/metabolism
MH  - Golgi Apparatus/metabolism
MH  - Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*metabolism
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Subcellular Fractions/metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - *Vesicular Transport Proteins
MH  - rab GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.01-12-0577 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3336-43.

PMID- 12221138
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Purification and identification of secernin, a novel cytosolic protein
      that regulates exocytosis in mast cells.
PG  - 3344-54
AB  - After permeabilization with the pore-forming toxin streptolysin-O mast
      cells can be triggered to secrete by addition of both calcium and a GTP
      analogue. If stimulation is delayed after permeabilization, there is a
      progressive decrease in the extent of secretion upon stimulation,
      eventually leading to a complete loss of the secretory response. This loss
      of secretory response can be retarded by the addition of cytosol from
      other secretory tissues, demonstrating that the response is dependent on a
      number of cytosolic proteins. We have used this as the basis of a bioassay
      to purify Secernin 1, a novel 50-kDa cytosolic protein that appears to be
      involved in the regulation of exocytosis from peritoneal mast cells.
      Secernin 1 increases both the extent of secretion and increases the
      sensitivity of mast cells to stimulation with calcium.
AD  - Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham,
      United Kingdom.
FAU - Way, Gemma
AU  - Way G
FAU - Morrice, Nicholas
AU  - Morrice N
FAU - Smythe, Carl
AU  - Smythe C
FAU - O'Sullivan, Antony J
AU  - O'Sullivan AJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Nerve Tissue Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (phenyl-superose)
RN  - 0 (secernin 1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (secernin 1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 1306-06-5 (Durapatite)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - 9012-36-6 (Sepharose)
RN  - 97599-42-3 (Superose 12)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Calcium/pharmacology
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Chromatography
MH  - Chromatography, Gel/*methods
MH  - Cytosol/*metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Durapatite/pharmacology
MH  - Exocytosis
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mast Cells/*metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nerve Tissue Proteins/*chemistry/*isolation & purification
MH  - Plasmids/metabolism
MH  - Proteins/*chemistry/*isolation & purification
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sepharose/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
MH  - Spectrum Analysis, Mass
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E01-10-0094 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3344-54.

PMID- 12221139
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020910
DCOM- 20030312
LR  - 20050319
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1059-1524
VI  - 13
IP  - 9
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Role of LAMP-2 in lysosome biogenesis and autophagy.
PG  - 3355-68
AB  - In LAMP-2-deficient mice autophagic vacuoles accumulate in many tissues,
      including liver, pancreas, muscle, and heart. Here we extend the phenotype
      analysis using cultured hepatocytes. In LAMP-2-deficient hepatocytes the
      half-life of both early and late autophagic vacuoles was prolonged as
      evaluated by quantitative electron microscopy. However, an endocytic
      tracer reached the autophagic vacuoles, indicating delivery of
      endo/lysosomal constituents to autophagic vacuoles. Enzyme activity
      measurements showed that the trafficking of some lysosomal enzymes to
      lysosomes was impaired. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled
      cathepsin D indicated reduced intracellular retention and processing in
      the knockout cells. The steady-state level of 300-kDa mannose 6-phosphate
      receptor was slightly lower in LAMP-2-deficient hepatocytes, whereas that
      of 46-kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor was decreased to 30% of controls
      due to a shorter half-life. Less receptor was found in the Golgi region
      and in vesicles and tubules surrounding multivesicular endosomes,
      suggesting impaired recycling from endosomes to the Golgi. More receptor
      was found in autophagic vacuoles, which may explain its shorter half-life.
      Our data indicate that in hepatocytes LAMP-2 deficiency either directly or
      indirectly leads to impaired recycling of 46-kDa mannose 6-phosphate
      receptors and partial mistargeting of a subset of lysosomal enzymes.
      Autophagic vacuoles may accumulate due to impaired capacity for lysosomal
      degradation.
AD  - Centre for High Resolution Imaging and Processing, School of Life
      Sciences, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK.
FAU - Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa
AU  - Eskelinen EL
FAU - Illert, Anna Lena
AU  - Illert AL
FAU - Tanaka, Yoshitaka
AU  - Tanaka Y
FAU - Schwarzmann, Gunter
AU  - Schwarzmann G
FAU - Blanz, Judith
AU  - Blanz J
FAU - Von Figura, Kurt
AU  - Von Figura K
FAU - Saftig, Paul
AU  - Saftig P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Mol Biol Cell
JID - 9201390
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (lysosome-associated membrane glycoproteins)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.5 (Cathepsin D)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, CD/metabolism/*physiology
MH  - Blotting, Western
MH  - Cathepsin D/metabolism
MH  - Cell Membrane
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Endocytosis
MH  - Endosomes
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Hepatocytes/*metabolism
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Lipids/metabolism
MH  - Lysosomes/*metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Microscopy, Electron
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/11 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/13 04:00
AID - 10.1091/mbc.E02-02-0114 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mol Biol Cell 2002 Sep;13(9):3355-68.

PMID- 12223118
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - IkB kinase alpha: a link in the chain of the mammary cycle.
PG  - 173-5
AB  - The transcription factor NF-kappaB exhibits altered activity in some
      breast cancers but the relevance of this association has not been
      established. Cao et al.'s elegant study recently published in Cell reveals
      a NF-kappaB-dependent signalling pathway responsible for epithelial
      proliferation in the mouse mammary gland. Could this mechanism, rather
      than prevention of apoptosis, be responsible for the reported association
      between NF-kappaB and breast cancer? Could the specificity of NF-kappaB
      modulators of the IkB kinase complex determine the fate of epithelial
      cells at different stages of mammary development?
AD  - Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK. rwec2@mole.bio.ac.uk
FAU - Clarkson, Richard
AU  - Clarkson R
LA  - eng
PT  - Editorial
DEP - 20020705
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (I kappa B kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Breast/*enzymology
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Cell Division
MH  - Epithelial Cells/enzymology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - NF-kappa B/*metabolism
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/05/20 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/17 [revised]
PHST- 2002/06/18 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/05 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):173-5. Epub 2002 Jul 5.

PMID- 12223119
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - A new model for ductal carcinoma in situ suggests strategies for
      treatment.
PG  - 176-8
AB  - Human ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast is now diagnosed quite
      frequently, due largely to the introduction of mammographic screening. It
      has been shown in a cell culture system that activation of c-erbB-2, but
      not the epidermal growth factor receptor, results in a DCIS-like
      phenotype. Since overexpression of c-erbB-2 occurs in 60% of DCIS, this
      suggests that it could be a target for treatment in this disease.
AD  - Department of Biosciences, University of Kent at Canterbury, UK.
      W.J.Gullick@ukc.ac.uk
FAU - Gullick, William John
AU  - Gullick WJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Editorial
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020719
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Markers, Biological)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Receptor, erbB-2)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/drug therapy/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mammography
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/metabolism
MH  - Receptor, erbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
MH  - Tumor Markers, Biological/*metabolism
RF  - 15
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/06/05 [received]
PHST- 2002/07/04 [revised]
PHST- 2002/07/08 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/19 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):176-8. Epub 2002 Jul 19.

PMID- 12223120
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - Familial risks of breast cancer.
PG  - 179-81
AB  - A recent analysis by the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast
      Cancer has provided the most precise quantification to date of the
      familial risks of breast cancer. The familial relative risks are shown to
      decrease from more than fivefold in women younger than age 40 years with a
      first-degree relative aged younger than 40 years at diagnosis, to 1.4-fold
      in women older than 60 years with a relative diagnosed over age 60 years.
      These risks increase progressively with the number of affected relatives.
      The risks associated with an affected mother and an affected sister are
      similar, and the relative (but not absolute) risks are similar in
      subgroups defined by other established breast cancer risk factors. These
      results provide a useful basis for counselling of women with a family
      history of breast cancer, and they have implications for the genetic basis
      of the disease.
AD  - Cancer Research UK, Genetic Epidemiology Research Group, University of
      Cambridge, UK. douglas@srl.cam.ac.uk
FAU - Easton, Douglas F
AU  - Easton DF
LA  - eng
PT  - Editorial
DEP - 20020802
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/prevention & control
MH  - Family Health
MH  - Female
MH  - Genes, BRCA1
MH  - Genes, BRCA2
MH  - *Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Probability
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/04/26 [received]
PHST- 2002/07/11 [revised]
PHST- 2002/07/11 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/02 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):179-81. Epub 2002 Aug 2.

PMID- 12223121
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - Progesterone receptors - animal models and cell signaling in breast
      cancer: Role of steroid receptor coactivators and corepressors of
      progesterone receptors in breast cancer.
PG  - 182-6
AB  - Progesterone, an ovarian steroid hormone, plays a key role in the
      development and function of the mammary gland, as it also does in the
      uterus and the ovary. The action of progesterone is mediated through its
      intracellular cognate receptor, the progesterone receptor (PR), which
      functions as a transcription factor that regulates gene expression. As
      with other nuclear receptors, coregulators (coactivators and corepressors)
      recruited by the liganded or unliganded PR, either to enhance or to
      suppress transcription activity, modulate the function of the PR. Mutation
      or aberrant expression of the coregulators might thus affect the normal
      function of the PR and hence disrupt the normal development of the mammary
      gland, which may lead to breast cancer.
AD  - Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine,
      Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
FAU - Gao, Xiuhua
AU  - Gao X
FAU - Nawaz, Zafar
AU  - Nawaz Z
LA  - eng
GR  - DK56833/DK/NIDDK
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020628
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Progesterone)
RN  - 0 (Repressor Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (nuclear receptor co-repressor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Cell Division
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Receptor Cross-Talk/*physiology
MH  - Receptors, Progesterone/*physiology
MH  - Repressor Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Trans-Activators/metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
RF  - 37
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/04/15 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/21 [revised]
PHST- 2002/05/30 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/28 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):182-6. Epub 2002 Jun 28.

PMID- 12223122
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - Expression and transcriptional activity of progesterone receptor A and
      progesterone receptor B in mammalian cells.
PG  - 187-90
AB  - Progesterone is an essential regulator of normal female reproductive
      function. Its effects are mediated by two nuclear progesterone receptor
      (PR) proteins, PRA and PRB, which are identical except for an additional
      164 amino acids at the N-terminal end of PRB. Transcriptional analyses of
      the two receptor forms have assigned strikingly distinct functional
      signatures to the two PRs, despite their apparent physical similarity. The
      basis of these differences is yet to be fully understood. Furthermore,
      these differences are strongly influenced by the cell type and the
      promoter used. We review the mammalian transcriptional studies of PRA and
      PRB, and compare them with what is known about their expression and
      function in target tissues.
AD  - Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, University of Sydney Westmead
      Hospital, New South Wales, Australia. Dinny_Graham@wmi.usyd.edu.au
FAU - Graham, J Dinny
AU  - Graham JD
FAU - Clarke, Christine L
AU  - Clarke CL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020702
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Progesterone)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Markers, Biological)
RN  - 0 (progesterone receptor A)
RN  - 0 (progesterone receptor B)
SB  - IM
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Receptors, Progesterone/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - *Trans-Activation (Genetics)
MH  - *Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Tumor Markers, Biological/metabolism
RF  - 27
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/05/28 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/07 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/02 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):187-90. Epub 2002 Jul 2.

PMID- 12223123
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - Progesterone's role in mammary gland development and tumorigenesis as
      disclosed by experimental mouse genetics.
PG  - 191-6
AB  - The progesterone receptor knockout mouse demonstrated progesterone's
      importance to parity-induced mammary tertiary branching and
      lobuloalveologenesis. Because early parity provides significant protection
      against breast cancer whereas prolonged exposure to premenopausal ovarian
      progesterone (or to postmenopausal supplementations thereof) has been
      linked to breast cancer risk, this steroid can be considered to exhibit
      contrasting roles in breast cancer etiology. This review describes the
      important mouse models that have contributed to our understanding of
      progesterone's role in mammary gland development and neoplasia. We
      conclude by emphasising the urgent need to identify the molecular targets
      of the progesterone receptor, and to determine whether these targets are
      modulated differently by the progesterone receptor isoforms (A and B)
      during mammary morphogenesis and tumorigenesis.
AD  - Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine,
      Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
FAU - Soyal, Selma
AU  - Soyal S
FAU - Ismail, Preeti M
AU  - Ismail PM
FAU - Li, Jie
AU  - Li J
FAU - Mulac-Jericevic, Biserka
AU  - Mulac-Jericevic B
FAU - Conneely, Orla M
AU  - Conneely OM
FAU - Lydon, John P
AU  - Lydon JP
LA  - eng
GR  - CA-77530/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020705
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Progesterone)
RN  - 57-83-0 (Progesterone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
MH  - Disease Progression
MH  - Female
MH  - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/*metabolism/*pathology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Parity/physiology
MH  - Progesterone/*physiology
MH  - Receptors, Progesterone/deficiency/physiology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RF  - 29
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/04/17 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/24 [revised]
PHST- 2002/05/28 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/05 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):191-6. Epub 2002 Jul 5.

PMID- 12223124
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - The role of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in human mammary
      development and tumorigenesis.
PG  - 197-201
AB  - A relatively small number of cells in the normal human mammary gland
      express receptors for oestrogen and progesterone (ER and PR), and there is
      almost complete dissociation between steroid receptor expression and
      proliferation. Increased expression of the ER alpha (ERalpha) and loss of
      the inverse relationship between receptor expression and proliferation
      occur at the very earliest stages of tumorigenesis, implying that
      dysregulation of ERalpha expression contributes to breast tumour
      formation. There is evidence also for alterations in the ratio between the
      two PR isoforms in premalignant breast lesions. Elucidation of the factors
      mediating the effects of oestradiol and progesterone on development of the
      normal breast and of the mechanisms by which expression of the ERalpha and
      the PR isoforms is controlled could identify new targets for breast cancer
      prevention and improved prediction of breast cancer risk.
AD  - Tumour Biochemistry Laboratory, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester,
      UK. eanderson@picr.man.ac.uk
FAU - Anderson, Elizabeth
AU  - Anderson E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020724
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Progesterone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Breast/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Epithelial Cells/metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Receptors, Estrogen/*physiology
MH  - Receptors, Progesterone/*physiology
MH  - Signal Transduction
RF  - 29
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/05/17 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/27 [revised]
PHST- 2002/07/02 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/24 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):197-201. Epub 2002 Jul 24.

PMID- 12223125
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - British Cancer Research Meeting, 30 June-3 July 2002, Glasgow.
PG  - 202-4
AB  - The 2002 British Cancer Research Meeting was held from 30th June to 3rd
      July in Glasgow, UK. The meeting was structured to include educational
      workshops, plenary lectures, symposia, and poster sessions, which brought
      together scientists and clinicians. Presentations ranged from the impact
      that modifications to basic chromatin structure can have on diagnosis and
      targeted gene therapy, to the outcome of novel therapeutics through
      clinical trials. The emphasis was clear: patient survival is the main
      priority and treatment of organ-specific cancer must inevitably be
      replaced by individualised tumour-specific therapy.
AD  - Molecular Medicine Unit, University of Leeds, UK.
FAU - Parkes, Alicia T
AU  - Parkes AT
FAU - Speirs, Valerie
AU  - Speirs V
LA  - eng
PT  - Congresses
DEP - 20020729
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomedical Research
MH  - Clinical Trials
MH  - England
MH  - Gene Therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*therapy
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/12 [received]
PHST- 2002/07/23 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/29 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):202-4. Epub 2002 Jul 29.

PMID- 12223126
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - Tumour Fas ligand:Fas ratio greater than 1 is an independent marker of
      relative resistance to tamoxifen therapy in hormone receptor positive
      breast cancer.
PG  - R9
AB  - BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to examine the
      prognostic and predictive significance of the apoptosis-related marker Fas
      ligand (FasL):Fas ratio in breast cancer. METHODS: Tumour biopsies from
      215 primary invasive breast cancer patients were examined for the
      expression of FasL and Fas mRNA transcripts by quantitative real-time
      RT-PCR. Their prognostic and predictive impact on patient survival was
      determined in univariate and multivariate survival analyses. RESULTS:
      Using a cutoff value of 1, a FasL:Fas ratio greater than 1 was found to
      have significant prognostic value for disease-free survival among the
      total population (median follow up 54 months). It was associated with a
      significantly decreased disease-free survival (P = 0.022) and with a
      tendency toward increased mortality (P = 0.14) in univariate analysis.
      Hormone receptor positive women exclusively treated with tamoxifen (n =
      86) and with a FasL:Fas ratio greater than 1 had a significantly decreased
      disease-free survival (P = 0.008) and overall survival (P = 0.03) in
      univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis. Furthermore, tumour size and FasL:Fas
      ratio were of independent predictive significance in the multivariate
      model for disease-free and overall survival in that subgroup. Among
      postmenopausal patients (n = 148) both of those factors retained
      independent prognostic significance in the multivariate model for
      disease-free survival. In contrast, FasL:Fas ratio had no significant
      predictive value in patients exclusively treated with chemotherapy.
      CONCLUSION: The data presented indicate that FasL:Fas ratio may be useful
      not only as a prognostic factor but also as a predictive factor for
      projecting response to the antioestrogen tamoxifen. The results strongly
      support a correlation between FasL:Fas ratio greater than 1 and lack of
      efficacy of tamoxifen in hormone receptor positive patients.
AD  - Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Rostock, Faculty of
      Medicine, Germany. toralf.reimer@med.uni-rostock.de
FAU - Reimer, Toralf
AU  - Reimer T
FAU - Koczan, Dirk
AU  - Koczan D
FAU - Muller, Heiner
AU  - Muller H
FAU - Friese, Klaus
AU  - Friese K
FAU - Thiesen, Hans-Jurgen
AU  - Thiesen HJ
FAU - Gerber, Bernd
AU  - Gerber B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020621
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD95)
RN  - 0 (Estrogen Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (FasL protein)
RN  - 0 (Ligands)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Estrogen)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Progesterone)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Markers, Biological)
RN  - 10540-29-1 (Tamoxifen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antigens, CD95/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy/*genetics/mortality
MH  - Disease-Free Survival
MH  - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*genetics
MH  - Estrogen Antagonists/*therapeutic use
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ligands
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
MH  - Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy/*genetics/mortality
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Survival Rate
MH  - Tamoxifen/*therapeutic use
MH  - Tumor Markers, Biological/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/04/14 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/24 [revised]
PHST- 2002/05/28 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/21 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):R9. Epub 2002 Jun 21.

PMID- 12223127
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - Risk factors for breast cancer in Iran: a case-control study.
PG  - R10
AB  - BACKGROUND: Iranian breast cancer patients are relatively younger than
      their Western counterparts. The objective of the present study was to
      investigate risk factors for breast cancer in Iranian women. METHOD: A
      case-control study was conducted from April 1997 to April 1998 in Tehran,
      Iran. Demographical data and risk factor related information were
      collected using a short structured questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and
      95% confidence intervals (CIs) were derived from logistic regression
      analysis. RESULTS: In all, 286 women with breast cancer and 249 control
      women were interviewed. In multivariate analysis, only marital status
      (never married: OR 4.24, 95% CI 1.70-10.57 [P = 0.002]; widowed/divorced:
      OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.05-2.68 [P = 0.03]) and family history (positive family
      history of breast cancer: OR 2.95, 95% CI 1.15-7.59 [P = 0.02]) were
      associated with significantly increased risk for breast cancer.
      CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study suggest that family history
      and marital status may have an impact on the incidence of breast cancer in
      Iranian women.
AD  - Iranian Centre for Breast Cancer, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Ebrahimi, Mandana
AU  - Ebrahimi M
FAU - Vahdaninia, Mariam
AU  - Vahdaninia M
FAU - Montazeri, Ali
AU  - Montazeri A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020709
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Distribution
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*epidemiology/genetics
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Family
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Iran/epidemiology
MH  - Marital Status
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/01/12 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/07 [revised]
PHST- 2002/06/20 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/09 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):R10. Epub 2002 Jul 9.

PMID- 12223128
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020911
DCOM- 20030318
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1465-5411
VI  - 4
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002
TI  - Impact of false-positive mammography on subsequent screening attendance
      and risk of cancer.
PG  - R11
AB  - BACKGROUND: One area of concern within the largely successful UK National
      Health Service breast screening programme is the relatively high
      proportion of women showing mammographic abnormalities who undergo further
      diagnostic tests that prove negative. Previous studies suggest that, in
      addition to increasing anxiety, such false-positive mammography is
      associated with increased risk of subsequent interval cancer. In the
      present article, we quantify this increased risk, investigate whether it
      extends to cancers detected at rescreening, and determine whether cancers
      differ between women who have, and have not, experienced false-positive
      mammography. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 140,387
      women aged 49-63 years routinely invited for first screening by the East
      Anglian National Health Service breast screening programme. Proportions
      reattending, and subsequent risk and pathological attributes of cancer
      were compared between women who underwent further (negative) assessment
      following false-positive mammography and women mammographically normal at
      first screen. RESULTS: At first screen, 108,617 (91.9%) of the screened
      women were mammographically normal, 4278 (3.6%) were assessed and then
      judged normal, and 514 (0.4%) underwent benign biopsy. Compared with
      nonassessed normal women, reattendance was lower among assessed women:
      83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.0-84.1) versus 85.7% (95% CI,
      85.5-85.9) (odds ratio [OR], 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.89). Assessed women were
      at greater risk of interval cancer (rate per 1000 women screened, 9.6 [95%
      CI, 6.8-12.4] versus 3.0 [95% CI, 2.7-3.4]; OR, 3.19 [95% CI, 2.34-4.35]),
      and also of cancer detected at second screen (rate per 1000, 8.4 [95% CI,
      5.8-10.9] versus 3.9 [95% CI, 3.5-4.3]; OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.55-2.98]).
      More cancers in assessed women measured >or = 20 mm (OR, 1.59; 95% CI,
      0.99-2.55). CONCLUSIONS: Women undergoing false-positive mammography at
      first screen were less likely to reattend for subsequent screens than were
      nonassessed women, yet they were more likely to develop interval cancers
      or cancers at second screen, and their cancers were larger. Factors
      predisposing for false-positive mammography require investigation. Women
      should be encouraged to continue with screening.
AD  - Cancer Intelligence Unit, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK.
      jenny.mccann@srl.cam.ac.uk
FAU - McCann, Jenny
AU  - McCann J
FAU - Stockton, Diane
AU  - Stockton D
FAU - Godward, Sara
AU  - Godward S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020717
PL  - England
TA  - Breast Cancer Res
JID - 100927353
SB  - IM
MH  - Breast/*pathology
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/pathology/prevention & control/*radiography
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - False Positive Reactions
MH  - Female
MH  - Great Britain
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Mammography
MH  - Mass Screening/*methods
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Patient Participation
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/12 10:00
MHDA- 2003/03/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/03/28 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/04 [revised]
PHST- 2002/06/12 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/17 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(5):R11. Epub 2002 Jul 17.

PMID- 12225617
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep 11
TI  - Patient attitudes toward using computers to improve health services
      delivery.
PG  - 19
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the acceptability of
      point of care computerized prompts to improve health services delivery
      among a sample of primary care patients. METHODS: Primary data collection.
      Cross-sectional survey. Patients were surveyed after their visit with a
      primary care provider. Data were obtained from patients of ten
      community-based primary care practices in the spring of 2001. RESULTS:
      Almost all patients reported that they would support using a computer
      before each visit to prompt their doctor to: "do health screening tests"
      (92%), "counsel about health behaviors (like diet and exercise)" (92%) and
      "change treatments for health conditions" (86%). In multivariate testing,
      the only variable that was associated with acceptability of the point of
      care computerized prompts was patient's confidence in their ability to
      answer questions about their health using a computer (beta = 0.39, p
      =.001). Concerns about data security were expressed by 36.3% of subjects,
      but were not related to acceptability of the prompts. CONCLUSIONS: Support
      for using computers to generate point of care prompts to improve
      quality-oriented processes of care was high in our sample, but may be
      contingent on patients feeling familiar with their personal medical
      history.
AD  - Brown University School of Medicine Centers for Behavioral and Preventive
      Medicine at The Miriam Hospital, USA. csciamanna@lifespan.org
FAU - Sciamanna, Christopher N
AU  - Sciamanna CN
FAU - Diaz, Joseph
AU  - Diaz J
FAU - Myne, Puja
AU  - Myne P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020911
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - *Attitude to Computers
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Focus Groups
MH  - Health Care Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multivariate Analysis
MH  - Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Point-of-Care Systems/*utilization
MH  - Preventive Health Services/methods
MH  - Primary Health Care/*methods/organization & administration
MH  - *Process Assessment (Health Care)
MH  - Quality Assurance, Health Care/methods
MH  - Reminder Systems
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Rhode Island
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2002/06/05 [received]
PHST- 2002/09/11 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/09/11 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Sep 11;2(1):19.

PMID- 12226484
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Inositol phospholipid metabolism in Arabidopsis. Characterized and
      putative isoforms of inositol phospholipid kinase and
      phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C.
PG  - 22-46
AB  - Phosphoinositides (PIs) constitute a minor fraction of total cellular
      lipids in all eukaryotic cells. They fulfill many important functions
      through interaction with a wide range of cellular proteins. Members of
      distinct inositol lipid kinase families catalyze the synthesis of these
      phospholipids from phosphatidylinositol. The hydrolysis of PIs involves
      phosphatases and isoforms of PI-specific phospholipase C. Although our
      knowledge of the roles played by plant PIs is clearly limited at present,
      there is no doubt that they are involved in many physiological processes
      during plant growth and development. In this review, we concentrate on
      inositol lipid-metabolizing enzymes from the model plant Arabidopsis for
      which biochemical characterization data are available, namely the inositol
      lipid kinases and PI-specific phospholipase Cs. The biochemical properties
      and structure of characterized and genome-predicted isoforms are presented
      and compared with those of the animal enzymes to show that the plant
      enzymes have some features clearly unique to this kingdom.
AD  - Universitat Potsdam, Institut fur Biochemie und Biologie, Abteilung
      Molekularbiologie, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 25, Haus 20, D-14476
      Golm/Potsdam, Germany.
FAU - Mueller-Roeber, Bernd
AU  - Mueller-Roeber B
FAU - Pical, Christophe
AU  - Pical C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Isoenzymes)
RN  - 0 (Phosphatidylinositols)
RN  - EC 2.7.1 (Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor))
RN  - EC 2.7.1.137 (1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.67 (1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase)
RN  - EC 3.1.4.3 (Phospholipase C)
RN  - EC 4.6.1.13 (Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase)
SB  - IM
MH  - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Humans
MH  - Isoenzymes/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase
MH  - Phosphatidylinositols/*metabolism
MH  - Phospholipase C/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Yeasts/enzymology/genetics
RF  - 144
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004770 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):22-46.

PMID- 12226485
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Cell-specific expression of homospermidine synthase, the entry enzyme of
      the pyrrolizidine alkaloid pathway in Senecio vernalis, in comparison with
      its ancestor, deoxyhypusine synthase.
PG  - 47-57
AB  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are constitutive plant defense compounds
      with a sporadic taxonomic occurrence. The first committed step in PA
      biosynthesis is catalyzed by homospermidine synthase (HSS). Recent
      evidence confirmed that HSS evolved by gene duplication from deoxyhypusine
      synthase (DHS), an enzyme involved in the posttranslational activation of
      the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A. To better understand the
      evolutionary relationship between these two enzymes, which are involved in
      completely different biological processes, we studied their
      tissue-specific expression. RNA-blot analysis, reverse transcriptase-PCR,
      and immunolocalization techniques demonstrated that DHS is constitutively
      expressed in shoots and roots of Senecio vernalis (Asteraceae), whereas
      HSS expression is root specific and restricted to distinct groups of
      endodermis and neighboring cortex cells located opposite to the phloem.
      All efforts to detect DHS by immunolocalization failed, but studies with
      promoter-beta-glucuronidase fusions confirmed a general expression
      pattern, at least in young seedlings of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). The
      expression pattern for HSS differs completely from its ancestor DHS due to
      the adaptation of HSS to the specific requirements of PA biosynthesis.
AD  - Institut fur Pharmazeutische Biologie der Technischen Universitat,
      Mendelssohnstrasse 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
FAU - Moll, Stefanie
AU  - Moll S
FAU - Anke, Sven
AU  - Anke S
FAU - Kahmann, Uwe
AU  - Kahmann U
FAU - Hansch, Robert
AU  - Hansch R
FAU - Hartmann, Thomas
AU  - Hartmann T
FAU - Ober, Dietrich
AU  - Ober D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - EC 1.5. (Amine Oxidoreductases)
RN  - EC 1.5.1.- (deoxyhypusine synthase)
RN  - EC 2.5 (Alkyl and Aryl Transferases)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.- (homospermidine synthetase)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alkyl and Aryl Transferases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Amine Oxidoreductases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Glucuronidase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Microscopy, Immunoelectron
MH  - Microscopy, Ultraviolet
MH  - Plant Roots/enzymology/ultrastructure
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids/*metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Senecio/*enzymology/genetics/ultrastructure
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tobacco/enzymology/genetics
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004259 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):47-57.

PMID- 12226486
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Differential expression of a metallothionein gene during the presymbiotic
      versus the symbiotic phase of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus.
PG  - 58-67
AB  - A full-length cDNA encoding a metallothionein (MT)-like polypeptide,
      designated GmarMT1, was identified in an expressed sequence tag collection
      from germinated spores of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora
      margarita (BEG34). The GmarMT1 gene is composed of two exons separated by
      an 81-bp intron. It codes for a 65-amino acid polypeptide comprising a
      plant type 1 MT-like N-terminal domain and a C-terminal domain that is
      most closely related to an as-yet-uncharacterized fungal MT. As revealed
      by heterologous complementation assays in yeast, GmarMT1 encodes a
      functional polypeptide capable of conferring increased tolerance against
      Cd and Cu. The GmarMT1 RNA is expressed in both presymbiotic spores and
      symbiotic mycelia, even in the absence of metal exposure, but is
      significantly less abundant in the latter stage. An opposite pattern was
      observed upon Cu exposure, which up-regulated GmarMT1 expression in
      symbiotic mycelia but not in germinated spores. Together, these data
      provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the occurrence in an
      arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus of a structurally novel MT that is modulated
      in a metal and life cycle stage-dependent manner and may afford protection
      against heavy metals (and other types of stress) to both partners of the
      endomycorrhizal symbiosis.
AD  - Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Universita di Torino and Istituto per
      la Protezione delle Piante-Sezione di Torino, Consiglio Nazionale delle
      Ricerche, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Torino, Italy.
FAU - Lanfranco, Luisa
AU  - Lanfranco L
FAU - Bolchi, Angelo
AU  - Bolchi A
FAU - Ros, Emanuele Cesale
AU  - Ros EC
FAU - Ottonello, Simone
AU  - Ottonello S
FAU - Bonfante, Paola
AU  - Bonfante P
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AJ421527
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Fungal Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 7440-43-9 (Cadmium)
RN  - 7440-50-8 (Copper)
RN  - 9038-94-2 (Metallothionein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cadmium/pharmacology
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Copper/pharmacology
MH  - Fungal Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal/drug effects
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - Metallothionein/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mycelium/drug effects/genetics/growth & development
MH  - RNA, Messenger/drug effects/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Spores, Fungal/drug effects/genetics/growth & development
MH  - *Symbiosis/genetics
MH  - Zygomycota/drug effects/*genetics/growth & development
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.003525 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):58-67.

PMID- 12226487
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - VFL, the grapevine FLORICAULA/LEAFY ortholog, is expressed in meristematic
      regions independently of their fate.
PG  - 68-77
AB  - The flowering process in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) takes place in buds
      and extends for two consecutive growing seasons. To understand the genetic
      and molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we have characterized
      grapevine bud development, cloned the grapevine FLORICAULA/LEAFY (FLO/LFY)
      ortholog, VFL, and analyzed its expression patterns during vegetative and
      reproductive development. Flowering induction takes place during the first
      season. Upon induction, the shoot apical meristem begins to produce
      lateral meristems that will give rise to either inflorescences or
      tendrils. During the second season, after a winter dormancy period, buds
      reactivate and inflorescence meristems give rise to flower meristems. VFL
      is expressed in lateral meristems that give rise to inflorescence and
      flower meristems, consistent with a role in reproductive development.
      Furthermore, VFL is also detected in other meristematic regions such as
      the vegetative shoot apical meristem and the lateral meristems that will
      give rise to tendrils. VFL is also expressed in leaf primordia and in
      growing leaf margins until later stages of development. Accumulation of
      VFL transcripts in cell-proliferating regions suggests a role for VFL not
      only in flower meristem specification, but also in the maintenance of
      indeterminacy before the differentiation of derivatives of the apical
      meristem: flowers, leaves, or tendrils.
AD  - Departmento de Biotecnologia, Escuela Tecnics Suoerior Ingenieros
      Agronomos, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Carmona, Maria Jose
AU  - Carmona MJ
FAU - Cubas, Pilar
AU  - Cubas P
FAU - Martinez-Zapater, Jose M
AU  - Martinez-Zapater JM
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF450278
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Meristem/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Plant Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Vitis/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.002428 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):68-77.

PMID- 12226488
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Effect of regulated overexpression of the MADS domain factor AGL15 on
      flower senescence and fruit maturation.
PG  - 78-89
AB  - We have examined the effect of regulated overexpression of AGL15, a member
      of the MADS domain family of regulatory factors, on reproductive tissues.
      Using molecular and physiological markers, we show that constitutive
      overexpression of AGL15 in Arabidopsis leads to delay and down-regulation
      of senescence programs in perianth organs and developing fruits and alters
      the process of seed desiccation. Through genetic crosses, we show that the
      rate of water loss in the maturing seeds is dictated by the genetic
      composition and physiological state of the maternal tissue, rather than
      the embryo. To define the developmental time and/or place when senescence
      programs are most affected by elevated AGL15 levels, we expressed AGL15
      under the control of various promoters. Expression during senescence or in
      abscission zone cells did not produce delays in floral organ senescence or
      abscission. Using a glucocorticoid-inducible expression system, we show
      that an increase in AGL15 levels around the time of flower opening is
      necessary to delay senescence and increase floral organ longevity.
AD  - Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison,
      Wisconsin 53706-1381, USA.
FAU - Fang, Su-Chiung
AU  - Fang SC
FAU - Fernandez, Donna E
AU  - Fernandez DE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis)
SB  - IM
MH  - AGAMOUS Protein, Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Cell Wall/genetics/physiology
MH  - Desiccation
MH  - Fruit/genetics/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Plant Stems/genetics/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Seeds/genetics/growth & development/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004721 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):78-89.

PMID- 12226489
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Molecular identification of cytosolic, patatin-related phospholipases A
      from Arabidopsis with potential functions in plant signal transduction.
PG  - 90-101
AB  - Rapid activation of phospholipase A (PLA) by auxin or plant-pathogen
      interaction suggests a function in signal transduction for this enzyme,
      but the molecular identification of a cytosolic PLA carrying out this
      function remains open. We isolated four cDNA sequences from Arabidopsis
      (ecotype Columbia), AtPLA I, AtPLA IIA, AtPLA IVA, and AtPLA IVC, which
      are members of the patatin-related PLA gene family in plants and which are
      homologous to the animal Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) gene family. Expression
      was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and AtPLA
      I transcripts were found preferentially in shoots, AtPLA IIA and AtPLA IVA
      in roots, and AtPLA IVC in flowers. Transient expression of the four
      PLA-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins in tobacco (Nicotiana
      tabacum) leaves showed they were located in the cytosol and not in the
      vacuoles. Surprisingly, AtPLA::green fluorescent protein was also
      localized to chloroplasts. The enzymatic activity of the purified
      recombinant AtPLA IVA toward phosphatidylcholine was dependent on Ca(2+),
      saturated at 0.5 mM, and had a pH optimum of about 7.0. It had both PLA(1)
      and PLA(2) specificity. The enzyme showed in vitro highest sensitivity
      toward the PLA(2) inhibitors palmitoyltrifluoromethyl ketone (PACOCF(3),
      K(i) approximately 30 nM), arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF(3),
      K(i) approximately 25 microM), and
      tetrahydro-3-(1-naphtalenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (K(i) approximately 200 nM)
      and was also sensitive to other previously used inhibitors
      5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (K(i) approximately 3 microM) and
      nordihydroguajaretic acid (K(i) approximately 15 microM). The influence of
      these PLA(2) inhibitors on elongation in etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings
      was tested, and tetrahydro-3-(1-naphtalenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one and
      5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid inhibited hypocotyl elongation maximally
      at concentrations close to their K(i) in vitro.
AD  - Universitat Hannover, Institut fur Zierpflanzenbau, Baumschule und
      Pflanzenzuchtung, Herrenhauser Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover.
      holk@zier.uni-hannover.de
FAU - Holk, Andre
AU  - Holk A
FAU - Rietz, Steffen
AU  - Rietz S
FAU - Zahn, Marc
AU  - Zahn M
FAU - Quader, Hartmut
AU  - Quader H
FAU - Scherer, Gunther F E
AU  - Scherer GF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (patatin protein, Solanum tuberosum)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Phospholipases)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (phospholipase A I, Arabidopsis)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (phospholipase IIA, Arabidopsis)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (phospholipase IVA, Arabidopsis)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (phospholipase IVC, Arabidopsis)
RN  - EC 3.1.1 (Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Arabidopsis/enzymology/*genetics
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Calcium/pharmacology
MH  - Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cytosol/enzymology
MH  - DNA, Complementary/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Hypocotyl/drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phospholipases/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phospholipases A/antagonists & inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Plant Leaves/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Stems/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Signal Transduction/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tobacco/genetics
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.006288 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):90-101.

PMID- 12226490
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The circadian clock that controls gene expression in Arabidopsis is tissue
      specific.
PG  - 102-10
AB  - The expression of CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) expression is an important
      control step in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, which are major
      photoprotectants in plants. CHS transcription is regulated by endogenous
      programs and in response to environmental signals. Luciferase reporter
      gene fusions showed that the CHS promoter is controlled by the circadian
      clock both in roots and in aerial organs of transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
      The period of rhythmic CHS expression differs from the previously
      described rhythm of chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (CAB) gene expression,
      indicating that CHS is controlled by a distinct circadian clock. The
      difference in period is maintained in the wild-type Arabidopsis accessions
      tested and in the de-etiolated 1 and timing of CAB expression 1 mutants.
      These clock-affecting mutations alter the rhythms of both CAB and CHS
      markers, indicating that a similar (if not identical) circadian clock
      mechanism controls these rhythms. The distinct tissue distribution of CAB
      and CHS expression suggests that the properties of the circadian clock
      differ among plant tissues. Several animal organs also exhibit
      heterogeneous circadian properties in culture but are believed to be
      synchronized in vivo. The fact that differing periods are manifest in
      intact plants supports our proposal that spatially separated copies of the
      plant circadian clock are at most weakly coupled, if not functionally
      independent. This autonomy has apparently permitted tissue-specific
      specialization of circadian timing.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United
      Kingdom.
FAU - Thain, Simon C
AU  - Thain SC
FAU - Murtas, Giovanni
AU  - Murtas G
FAU - Lynn, James R
AU  - Lynn JR
FAU - McGrath, Robert B
AU  - McGrath RB
FAU - Millar, Andrew J
AU  - Millar AJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (CAB2 protein, Arabidopsis)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - EC 1.13.12.- (Luciferases)
RN  - EC 2.3. (Acyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.74 (flavanone synthetase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyltransferases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology
MH  - *Arabidopsis Proteins
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Circadian Rhythm/*physiology
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Luciferases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Plant Leaves/enzymology/genetics
MH  - Plant Roots/enzymology/genetics
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005405 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):102-10.

PMID- 12226491
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - A role for the DOF transcription factor BPBF in the regulation of
      gibberellin-responsive genes in barley aleurone.
PG  - 111-9
AB  - Functional analyses of a number of hydrolase gene promoters, induced by
      gibberellin (GA) in aleurone cells following germination, have identified
      a GA-responsive complex as a tripartite element containing a pyrimidine
      box motif 5'-CCTTTT-3'. We describe here that BPBF, a barley (Hordeum
      vulgare) transcription factor of the DOF (DNA-Binding with One Finger)
      class, previously shown to be an activator of reserve protein encoding
      genes during development, also has a role in the control of hydrolase
      genes following seed germination. Northern-blot, reverse
      transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and in situ hybridization
      analyses evidenced that the transcripts of the BPBF-encoding gene (Pbf),
      besides being present during endosperm development, are also expressed in
      aleurone cells of germinated seeds where they are induced by GA, an effect
      counteracted by abscisic acid. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays have
      shown that the BPBF protein binds specifically to the pyrimidine box motif
      in vitro within the different sequence contexts that naturally occur in
      the promoters of genes encoding a cathepsin B-like protease (Al21) and a
      low-isoelectric point alpha-amylase (Amy2/32b), both induced in the
      aleurone layers in response to GA. In transient expression experiments,
      BPBF repressed transcription of the Al21 promoter in GA-treated barley
      aleurone layers and reverted the GAMYB-mediated activation of this
      protease promoter.
AD  - Laboratorio de Bioquimica y Biologia Molecular, Departmento de
      Biotecnologia-Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain.
FAU - Mena, Montana
AU  - Mena M
FAU - Cejudo, Francisco Javier
AU  - Cejudo FJ
FAU - Isabel-Lamoneda, Ines
AU  - Isabel-Lamoneda I
FAU - Carbonero, Pilar
AU  - Carbonero P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Gibberellins)
RN  - 0 (PBF protein, plant)
RN  - 0 (Plant Growth Regulators)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 137950-93-7 (Myb protein, plant)
RN  - 21293-29-8 (Abscisic Acid)
RN  - 77-06-5 (gibberellic acid)
RN  - EC 3. (Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.4.22 (Cysteine Endopeptidases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Cysteine Endopeptidases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
MH  - Germination/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Gibberellins/*pharmacology
MH  - Hordeum/drug effects/*genetics/growth & development
MH  - Hydrolases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
MH  - Plant Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Seeds/drug effects/genetics/growth & development
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005561 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):111-9.

PMID- 12226492
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - A strobilurin fungicide enhances the resistance of tobacco against tobacco
      mosaic virus and Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci.
PG  - 120-7
AB  - The strobilurin class of fungicides comprises a variety of synthetic
      plant-protecting compounds with broad-spectrum antifungal activity. In the
      present study, we demonstrate that a strobilurin fungicide, F 500
      (Pyraclostrobin), enhances the resistance of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv
      Xanthi nc) against infection by either tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) or the
      wildfire pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci. F 500 was also active at
      enhancing TMV resistance in NahG transgenic tobacco plants unable to
      accumulate significant amounts of the endogenous inducer of enhanced
      disease resistance, salicylic acid (SA). This finding suggests that F 500
      enhances TMV resistance in tobacco either by acting downstream of SA in
      the SA signaling mechanism or by functioning independently of SA. The
      latter assumption is the more likely because in infiltrated leaves, F 500
      did not cause the accumulation of SA-inducible pathogenesis-related (PR)-1
      proteins that often are used as conventional molecular markers for
      SA-induced disease resistance. However, accumulation of PR-1 proteins and
      the associated activation of the PR-1 genes were elicited upon TMV
      infection of tobacco leaves and both these responses were induced more
      rapidly in F 500-pretreated plants than in the water-pretreated controls.
      Taken together, our results suggest that F 500, in addition to exerting
      direct antifungal activity, may also protect plants by priming them for
      potentiated activation of subsequently pathogen-induced cellular defense
      responses.
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, P.O. Box 3049,
      D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany.
FAU - Herms, Stefan
AU  - Herms S
FAU - Seehaus, Kai
AU  - Seehaus K
FAU - Koehle, Harald
AU  - Koehle H
FAU - Conrath, Uwe
AU  - Conrath U
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Antibiotics, Antifungal)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids, Unsaturated)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (pathogenesis-related proteins, plant)
RN  - 52110-55-1 (mucidin)
RN  - 69-72-7 (Salicylic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antibiotics, Antifungal/*pharmacology
MH  - Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/*pharmacology
MH  - Immunity, Natural/drug effects
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests
MH  - Plant Diseases/microbiology/virology
MH  - Plant Leaves/drug effects/microbiology/virology
MH  - Plant Proteins/biosynthesis
MH  - Pseudomonas/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Salicylic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - Tobacco/microbiology/*physiology/virology
MH  - Tobacco Mosaic Virus/*drug effects/growth & development
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004432 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):120-7.

PMID- 12226493
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - An endoplasmic reticulum-bound Ca(2+)/Mn(2+) pump, ECA1, supports plant
      growth and confers tolerance to Mn(2+) stress.
PG  - 128-37
AB  - Plants can grow in soils containing highly variable amounts of mineral
      nutrients, like Ca(2+) and Mn(2+), though the mechanisms of adaptation are
      poorly understood. Here, we report the first genetic study to determine in
      vivo functions of a Ca(2+) pump in plants. Homozygous mutants of
      Arabidopsis harboring a T-DNA disruption in ECA1 showed a 4-fold reduction
      in endoplasmic reticulum-type calcium pump activity. Surprisingly, the
      phenotype of mutant plants was indistinguishable from wild type when grown
      on standard nutrient medium containing 1.5 mM Ca(2+) and 50 microM Mn(2+).
      However, mutants grew poorly on medium with low Ca(2+) (0.2 mM) or high
      Mn(2+) (0.5 mM). On high Mn(2+), the mutants failed to elongate their root
      hairs, suggesting impairment in tip growth processes. Expression of the
      wild-type gene (CAMV35S::ECA1) reversed these conditional phenotypes. The
      activity of ECA1 was examined by expression in a yeast (Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae) mutant, K616, which harbors a deletion of its endogenous
      calcium pumps. In vitro assays demonstrated that Ca(2+), Mn(2+), and
      Zn(2+) stimulated formation of a phosphoenzyme intermediate, consistent
      with the translocation of these ions by the pump. ECA1 provided increased
      tolerance of yeast mutant to toxic levels of Mn(2+) (1 mM) and Zn(2+)(3
      mM), consistent with removal of these ions from the cytoplasm. These
      results show that despite the potential redundancy of multiple Ca(2+)
      pumps and Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporters in Arabidopsis, pumping of Ca(2+) and
      Mn(2+) by ECA1 into the endoplasmic reticulum is required to support plant
      growth under conditions of Ca(2+) deficiency or Mn(2+) toxicity.
AD  - Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland,
      College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
FAU - Wu, Zhongyi
AU  - Wu Z
FAU - Liang, Feng
AU  - Liang F
FAU - Hong, Bimei
AU  - Hong B
FAU - Young, Jeff C
AU  - Young JC
FAU - Sussman, Michael R
AU  - Sussman MR
FAU - Harper, Jeffrey F
AU  - Harper JF
FAU - Sze, Heven
AU  - Sze H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 7439-96-5 (Manganese)
RN  - 7440-66-6 (Zinc)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.38 (Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase)
SB  - IM
SB  - S
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/*drug effects
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Arabidopsis/drug effects/genetics/*growth & development
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Ca(2+)-Transporting ATPase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Calcium/*metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Carrier Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Endoplasmic Reticulum/drug effects/enzymology/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - Manganese/*metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
MH  - Zinc/pharmacology
OTO - NASA
OT  - Non-programmatic
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004440 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):128-37.

PMID- 12226494
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Movement of potato spindle tuber viroid reveals regulatory points of
      phloem-mediated RNA traffic.
PG  - 138-46
AB  - Increasing evidence indicates that the phloem mediates traffic of
      selective RNAs within a plant. How an RNA enters, moves in, and exits the
      phloem is poorly understood. Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) is a
      pathogenic RNA that does not encode proteins and is not encapsidated, and
      yet it replicates autonomously and traffics systemically within an
      infected plant. The viroid RNA genome must interact directly with cellular
      factors to accomplish these functions and is, therefore, an excellent
      probe to study mechanisms that regulate RNA traffic. Our analyses of PSTVd
      traffic in Nicotiana benthamiana yielded evidence that PSTVd movement
      within sieve tubes does not simply follow mass flow from source to sink
      organs. Rather, this RNA is transported into selective sink organs.
      Furthermore, two PSTVd mutants can enter the phloem to spread systemically
      but cannot exit the phloem in systemic leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana
      tabacum). A viroid most likely has evolved structural motifs that mimic
      endogenous plant RNA motifs so that they are recognized by cellular
      factors for traffic. Thus, analysis of PSTVd traffic functions may provide
      insights about endogenous mechanisms that control phloem entry, transport,
      and exit of RNAs.
AD  - Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology Center, Ohio State
      University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
FAU - Zhu, Yali
AU  - Zhu Y
FAU - Qi, Yijun
AU  - Qi Y
FAU - Xun, Yan
AU  - Xun Y
FAU - Owens, Robert
AU  - Owens R
FAU - Ding, Biao
AU  - Ding B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (RNA, Plant)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Transport/physiology
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Plant Diseases/virology
MH  - Plant Leaves/metabolism/virology
MH  - Plant Stems/metabolism/virology
MH  - Plant Viruses/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Point Mutation
MH  - Potatoes/virology
MH  - RNA, Plant/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Tobacco/genetics/*metabolism/virology
MH  - Viroids/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.006403 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):138-46.

PMID- 12226495
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The bifunctional LKR/SDH locus of plants also encodes a highly active
      monofunctional lysine-ketoglutarate reductase using a polyadenylation
      signal located within an intron.
PG  - 147-54
AB  - Both plants and animals catabolize lysine (Lys) via two consecutive
      enzymes, Lys-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) and saccharopine dehydrogenase
      (SDH), which are linked on a single polypeptide encoded by a single
      LKR/SDH gene. We have previously shown that the Arabidopsis LKR/SDH gene
      also encodes a monofunctional SDH that is transcribed from an internal
      promoter. In the present report, we have identified two cDNAs derived from
      cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) boll abscission zone that encode a novel
      enzymatic form of Lys catabolism, i.e. a catabolic monofunctional LKR. The
      monofunctional LKR mRNA is also encoded by the LKR/SDH gene, using two
      weak polyadenylation sites located within an intron. In situ mRNA
      hybridization and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
      reaction analyses also suggest that the cotton monofunctional LKR is
      relatively abundantly expressed in parenchyma cells of the abscission
      zone. DNA sequence analysis of the LKR/SDH genes of Arabidopsis, maize
      (Zea mays), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) suggests that these genes
      can also encode a monofunctional LKR mRNA by a similar mechanism. To test
      whether the LKR/SDH and monofunctional LKR enzymes possess different
      biochemical properties, we used recombinant Arabidopsis LKR/SDH and
      monofunctional LKR enzymes expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
      cells. The K(m) of the monofunctional LKR to Lys was nearly 10-fold lower
      than its counterpart that is linked to SDH. Taken together, our results
      suggest that the LKR/SDH locus of plants is a super-composite locus that
      can encode three related but distinct enzymes of Lys catabolism. These
      three enzymes apparently operate in concert to finely regulate Lys
      catabolism during plant development.
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot
      76100 Israel.
FAU - Tang, Guiliang
AU  - Tang G
FAU - Zhu, Xiaohong
AU  - Zhu X
FAU - Gakiere, Bertrand
AU  - Gakiere B
FAU - Levanony, Hanna
AU  - Levanony H
FAU - Kahana, Anat
AU  - Kahana A
FAU - Galili, Gad
AU  - Galili G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 56-87-1 (Lysine)
RN  - EC 1.5.1.- (Saccharopine Dehydrogenases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/enzymology/genetics
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Gossypium/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization
MH  - Introns/*genetics
MH  - Lycopersicon esculentum/enzymology/genetics
MH  - Lysine/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Polyadenylation/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Saccharopine Dehydrogenases/*genetics
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Signal Transduction/genetics
MH  - Zea mays/enzymology/genetics
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005660 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):147-54.

PMID- 12226496
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Elongated mesocotyl1, a phytochrome-deficient mutant of maize.
PG  - 155-63
AB  - To begin the functional dissection of light signal transduction pathways
      of maize (Zea mays), we have identified and characterized the
      light-sensing mutant elm1 (elongated mesocotyl1). Seedlings homozygous for
      elm1 are pale green, show pronounced elongation of the mesocotyl, and fail
      to de-etiolate under red or far-red light. Etiolated elm1 mutants contain
      no spectrally active phytochrome and do not deplete levels of phytochrome
      A after red-light treatment. High-performance liquid chromatography
      analyses show that elm1 mutants are unable to convert biliverdin IX alpha
      to 3Z-phytochromobilin, preventing synthesis of the phytochrome
      chromophore. Despite the impairment of the phytochrome photoreceptors,
      elm1 mutants can be grown to maturity in the field. Mature plants retain
      aspects of the seedling phenotype and flower earlier than wild-type plants
      under long days. Thus, the elm1 mutant of maize provides the first direct
      evidence for phytochrome-mediated modulation of flowering time in this
      agronomically important species.
AD  - Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, New York
      14853, USA.
FAU - Sawers, Ruairidh J H
AU  - Sawers RJ
FAU - Linley, Philip J
AU  - Linley PJ
FAU - Farmer, Phyllis R
AU  - Farmer PR
FAU - Hanley, Nicole P
AU  - Hanley NP
FAU - Costich, Denise E
AU  - Costich DE
FAU - Terry, Matthew J
AU  - Terry MJ
FAU - Brutnell, Thomas P
AU  - Brutnell TP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes)
RN  - 0 (Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins)
RN  - 0 (phyA phytochrome)
RN  - 11121-56-5 (Phytochrome)
RN  - 114-25-0 (Biliverdine)
RN  - 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll)
RN  - 143392-71-6 (phytochromobilin)
RN  - 36-88-4 (Carotenoids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biliverdine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Carotenoids/metabolism
MH  - Chlorophyll/metabolism
MH  - Chloroplasts/metabolism
MH  - Darkness
MH  - Light
MH  - Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Photosynthesis/physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex
      Proteins/genetics/metabolism/radiation effects
MH  - Phytochrome/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Stems/genetics/*growth & development/radiation effects
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction/physiology
MH  - Zea mays/genetics/*growth & development/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.006411 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):155-63.

PMID- 12226497
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a novel ribosome-inactivating protein
      from root cultures of pokeweed and its mechanism of secretion from roots.
PG  - 164-78
AB  - Ribosome-inactivating proteins are N-glycosidases that remove a specific
      adenine from the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rRNA, thus arresting
      protein synthesis at the translocation step. In the present study, a novel
      type I ribosome-inactivating protein, termed PAP-H, was purified from
      Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed hairy roots of pokeweed (Phytolacca
      americana). The protein was purified by anion- and cation-exchange
      chromatography. PAP-H has a molecular mass of 29.5 kD as detected by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its
      isoelectric point was determined to be 7.8. Yeast (Saccharomyces
      cerevisiae) ribosomes incubated with PAP-H released the 360-nucleotide
      diagnostic fragment from the 26S rRNA upon aniline treatment, an
      indication of its ribosome-inactivating activity. Using immunofluorescence
      microscopy, PAP-H was found to be located in the cell walls of hairy roots
      and root border cells. PAP-H was determined to be constitutively secreted
      as part of the root exudates, with its secretion enhanced by a mechanism
      mediated by ethylene induction. Purified PAP-H did not show in vitro
      antifungal activity against soil-borne fungi. In contrast, root exudates
      containing PAP-H as well as additional chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and
      protease activities did inhibit the growth of soil-borne fungi. We found
      that PAP-H depurinates fungal ribosomes in vitro and in vivo, suggesting
      an additive mechanism that enables PAP-H to penetrate fungal cells.
AD  - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State
      University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1173, USA.
FAU - Park, Sang-Wook
AU  - Park SW
FAU - Lawrence, Christopher B
AU  - Lawrence CB
FAU - Linden, James C
AU  - Linden JC
FAU - Vivanco, Jorge M
AU  - Vivanco JM
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY071928
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Ethylenes)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 74-85-1 (ethylene)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.14 (Chitinase)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.21 (beta-Glucosidase)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.58 (Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase)
RN  - EC 3.4.- (Endopeptidases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Surface Extensions/physiology
MH  - Cell Wall/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chitinase/metabolism
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Complementary/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Endopeptidases/metabolism
MH  - Ethylenes/pharmacology
MH  - Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase
MH  - Microscopy
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phytolacca americana/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Proteins/drug effects/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/cytology/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Ribosomes/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - beta-Glucosidase/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.000794 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):164-78.

PMID- 12226498
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041118
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Engineering herbicide metabolism in tobacco and Arabidopsis with CYP76B1,
      a cytochrome P450 enzyme from Jerusalem artichoke.
PG  - 179-89
AB  - The Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) xenobiotic inducible
      cytochrome P450, CYP76B1, catalyzes rapid oxidative dealkylation of
      various phenylurea herbicides to yield nonphytotoxic metabolites. We have
      found that increased herbicide metabolism and tolerance can be achieved by
      ectopic constitutive expression of CYP76B1 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
      and Arabidopsis. Transformation with CYP76B1 conferred on tobacco and
      Arabidopsis a 20-fold increase in tolerance to linuron, a compound
      detoxified by a single dealkylation, and a 10-fold increase in tolerance
      to isoproturon or chlortoluron, which need successive catalytic steps for
      detoxification. Two constructs for expression of translational fusions of
      CYP76B1 with P450 reductase were prepared to test if they would yield even
      greater herbicide tolerance. Plants expressing these constructs had lower
      herbicide tolerance than CYP76B1 alone, which is apparently a consequence
      of reduced stability of the fusion proteins. In all cases, increased
      herbicide tolerance results from more extensive metabolism, as
      demonstrated with exogenously fed phenylurea. Beside increased herbicide
      tolerance, expression of CYP76B1 has no other visible phenotype in the
      transgenic plants. Our data indicate that CYP76B1 can function as a
      selectable marker for plant transformation, allowing efficient selection
      in vitro and in soil-grown plants. Plants expressing CYP76B1 may also be a
      potential tool for phytoremediation of contaminated sites.
AD  - E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Central Research and Development,
      DuPont Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880-0328, USA.
FAU - Didierjean, Luc
AU  - Didierjean L
FAU - Gondet, Laurence
AU  - Gondet L
FAU - Perkins, Roberta
AU  - Perkins R
FAU - Lau, Sze-Mei Cindy
AU  - Lau SM
FAU - Schaller, Hubert
AU  - Schaller H
FAU - O'Keefe, Daniel P
AU  - O'Keefe DP
FAU - Werck-Reichhart, Daniele
AU  - Werck-Reichhart D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Carbon Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Herbicides)
RN  - 0 (Phenylurea Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.- (7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase)
RN  - EC 1.14.13.- (cytochrome P-450 CYP76B1 (Helianthus tuberosus))
RN  - EC 1.6.2.4 (NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase)
SB  - IM
MH  - 7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Carbon Radioisotopes
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - DNA, Complementary/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Genetic Engineering/methods
MH  - Helianthus/enzymology
MH  - Herbicides/*metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Phenylurea Compounds
MH  - Plant Leaves/metabolism
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tobacco/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Yeasts/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005801 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):179-89.

PMID- 12226499
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - The altered pattern of amylose accumulation in the endosperm of
      low-amylose barley cultivars is attributable to a single mutant allele of
      granule-bound starch synthase I with a deletion in the 5'-non-coding
      region.
PG  - 190-8
AB  - Reasons for the variable amylose content of endosperm starch from waxy
      cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare) were investigated. The mature grains
      of most such cultivars contain some amylose, although amounts are much
      lower than in wild-type cultivars. In these low-amylose cultivars, amylose
      synthesis starts relatively late in grain development. Starch granules in
      the outer cell layers of the endosperm contain more amylose than those in
      the center. This distribution corresponds to that of granule-bound starch
      synthase I (GBSSI), which is more severely reduced in amount in the center
      of the endosperm than in the outer cell layers, relative to wild-type
      cultivars. A second GBSSI in the barley plant, GBSSIb, is not detectable
      in the endosperm and cannot account for amylose synthesis in the
      low-amylose cultivars. The change in the expression of GBSSI in the
      endosperm of the low-amylose cultivars appears to be due to a 413-bp
      deletion of part of the promoter and 5'-untranslated region of the gene.
      Although these cultivars are of diverse geographical origin, all carry
      this same deletion, suggesting that the low-amylose cultivars have a
      common waxy ancestor. Records suggest a probable source in China, first
      recorded in the 16th century. Two further families of waxy cultivars have
      no detectable amylose in the endosperm starch. These amylose-free
      cultivars were selected in the 20th century from chemically mutagenized
      populations of wild-type barley. In both cases, 1-bp alterations in the
      GBSSI gene completely eliminate GBSSI activity.
AD  - John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norfolk NR4 7UH, United
      Kingdom.
FAU - Patron, Nicola J
AU  - Patron NJ
FAU - Smith, Alison M
AU  - Smith AM
FAU - Fahy, Brendan F
AU  - Fahy BF
FAU - Hylton, Christopher M
AU  - Hylton CM
FAU - Naldrett, Mike J
AU  - Naldrett MJ
FAU - Rossnagel, Brian G
AU  - Rossnagel BG
FAU - Denyer, Kay
AU  - Denyer K
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF486508
SI  - GENBANK/AF486509
SI  - GENBANK/AF486510
SI  - GENBANK/AF486511
SI  - GENBANK/AF486512
SI  - GENBANK/AF486513
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 9005-82-7 (Amylose)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.- (granule-bound starch synthase I)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.21 (Starch Synthase)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5' Flanking Region/*genetics
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amylose/*metabolism
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Hordeum/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Seeds/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
MH  - Starch Synthase/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Triticum/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005454 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):190-8.

PMID- 12226500
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Indole acetic acid distribution coincides with vascular differentiation
      pattern during Arabidopsis leaf ontogeny.
PG  - 199-209
AB  - We used an anti-indole acetic acid (IAA or auxin) monoclonal
      antibody-based immunocytochemical procedure to monitor IAA level in
      Arabidopsis tissues. Using immunocytochemistry and the IAA-driven
      beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity of Aux/IAA promoter::GUS constructs to
      detect IAA distribution, we investigated the role of polar auxin transport
      in vascular differentiation during leaf development in Arabidopsis. We
      found that shoot apical cells contain high levels of IAA and that IAA
      decreases as leaf primordia expand. However, seedlings grown in the
      presence of IAA transport inhibitors showed very low IAA signal in the
      shoot apical meristem (SAM) and the youngest pair of leaf primordia. Older
      leaf primordia accumulate IAA in the leaf tip in the presence or absence
      of IAA transport inhibition. We propose that the IAA in the SAM and the
      youngest pair of leaf primordia is transported from outside sources,
      perhaps the cotyledons, which accumulate more IAA in the presence than in
      the absence of transport inhibition. The temporal and spatial pattern of
      IAA localization in the shoot apex indicates a change in IAA source during
      leaf ontogeny that would influence flow direction and, consequently, the
      direction of vascular differentiation. The IAA production and transport
      pattern suggested by our results could explain the venation pattern, and
      the vascular hypertrophy caused by IAA transport inhibition. An outside
      IAA source for the SAM supports the notion that IAA transport and
      procambium differentiation dictate phyllotaxy and organogenesis.
AD  - Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, 111
      Koshland Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
FAU - Avsian-Kretchmer, Orna
AU  - Avsian-Kretchmer O
FAU - Cheng, Jin-Chen
AU  - Cheng JC
FAU - Chen, Lingjing
AU  - Chen L
FAU - Moctezuma, Edgar
AU  - Moctezuma E
FAU - Sung, Z Renee
AU  - Sung ZR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Auxins)
RN  - 0 (Fluorenes)
RN  - 0 (Indoleacetic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Phthalimides)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Triiodobenzoic Acids)
RN  - 132-66-1 (alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid)
RN  - 2536-31-4 (chloroflurenol-methyl)
RN  - 87-51-4 (indoleacetic acid)
RN  - 88-82-4 (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Auxins/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Biological Transport/physiology
MH  - Cell Differentiation/*physiology
MH  - Fluorenes/pharmacology
MH  - Glucuronidase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Indoleacetic Acids/*metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Meristem/drug effects/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Phthalimides/pharmacology
MH  - Plant Leaves/drug effects/*growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction/physiology
MH  - Triiodobenzoic Acids/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.003228 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):199-209.

PMID- 12226501
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Arabidopsis CYP98A3 mediating aromatic 3-hydroxylation. Developmental
      regulation of the gene, and expression in yeast.
PG  - 210-20
AB  - The general phenylpropanoid pathways generate a wide array of aromatic
      secondary metabolites that range from monolignols, which are ubiquitous in
      all plants, to sinapine, which is confined to crucifer seeds. The
      biosynthesis of these compounds involves hydroxylated and methoxylated
      cinnamyl acid, aldehyde, or alcohol intermediates. Of the three enzymes
      originally proposed to hydroxylate the 4-, 3-, and 5-positions of the
      aromatic ring, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), which converts
      trans-cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid, is the best characterized and is
      also the archetypal plant P450 monooxygenase. Ferulic acid 5-hydroxylase
      (F5H), a P450 that catalyzes 5-hydroxylation, has also been studied, but
      the presumptive 3-hydroxylase converting p-coumarate to caffeate has been
      elusive. We have found that Arabidopsis CYP98A3, also a P450, could
      hydroxylate p-coumaric acid to caffeic acid in vivo when expressed in
      yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells, albeit very slowly. CYP98A3
      transcript was found in Arabidopsis stem and silique, resembling both C4H
      and F5H in this respect. CYP98A3 showed further resemblance to C4H in
      being highly active in root, but differed from F5H in this regard. In
      transgenic Arabidopsis, the promoters of CYP98A3 and C4H showed wound
      inducibility and a comparable developmental regulation throughout the life
      cycle, except in seeds, where the CYP98A3 promoter construct was inactive
      while remaining active in silique walls. Within stem and root tissue, the
      gene product and the promoter activity of CYP98A3 were most abundant in
      lignifying cells. Collectively, these studies show involvement of CYP98A3
      in the general phenylpropanoid metabolism, and suggest a downstream
      function for CYP98A3 relative to the broader and upstream role of C4H.
AD  - Plant Biotechnology Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 110
      Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0W9.
FAU - Nair, Ramesh B
AU  - Nair RB
FAU - Xia, Qun
AU  - Xia Q
FAU - Kartha, Cyril J
AU  - Kartha CJ
FAU - Kurylo, Eugen
AU  - Kurylo E
FAU - Hirji, Rozina N
AU  - Hirji RN
FAU - Datla, Raju
AU  - Datla R
FAU - Selvaraj, Gopalan
AU  - Selvaraj G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Caffeic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Coumaric Acids)
RN  - 0 (Phenylpropionates)
RN  - 331-39-5 (caffeic acid)
RN  - 7400-08-0 (4-coumaric acid)
RN  - 9005-53-2 (Lignin)
RN  - 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System)
RN  - EC 1.- (Mixed Function Oxygenases)
RN  - EC 1.14.- (cytochrome P-450 CYP98A3 (Arabidopsis thaliana))
RN  - EC 1.14.13.11 (trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase CYP73)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/*enzymology/genetics/growth & development
MH  - Caffeic Acids/metabolism
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Coumaric Acids/metabolism
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Hydroxylation
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - Lignin/metabolism
MH  - Mixed Function Oxygenases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phenylpropionates/metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/metabolism
MH  - Plant Stems/metabolism
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.008649 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):210-20.

PMID- 12226502
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Regulated expression of Arabidopsis phosphate transporters.
PG  - 221-33
AB  - Phosphorus deficiency is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant
      growth. Plants respond to the persistent deficiency of phosphate (Pi) by
      coordinating the expression of genes involved in alleviation of the
      stress. The high-affinity Pi transporters are among the major molecular
      determinants that are activated during Pi stress. In this study, using
      three reporter genes (green fluorescent protein, luciferase, and
      beta-glucuronidase) regulated by two Pi transporter promoters, we have
      carried out an extensive analysis of transcriptional and spatial
      regulation of gene expression. Activation of the genes was rapid,
      repressible, and specific in response to changes in Pi availability. The
      phytohormones auxin and cytokinin suppressed the expression of the
      reporter gene driven by the AtPT1 promoter, and that of the native gene,
      suggesting that hormones may be involved in regulation of some
      component(s) of Pi starvation response pathway. These studies also provide
      molecular evidence for a potential role of high-affinity Pi transporters
      in mobilizing Pi into reproductive organs. The results suggest that
      members of the Pi transporter family may have similar but nonredundant
      functions in plants.
AD  - Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University,
      West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1165, USA.
FAU - Karthikeyan, Athikkattuvalasu S
AU  - Karthikeyan AS
FAU - Varadarajan, Deepa K
AU  - Varadarajan DK
FAU - Mukatira, Uthappa T
AU  - Mukatira UT
FAU - D'Urzo, Matilde Paino
AU  - D'Urzo MP
FAU - Damsz, Barbara
AU  - Damsz B
FAU - Raghothama, Kashchandra G
AU  - Raghothama KG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Auxins)
RN  - 0 (Cytokinins)
RN  - 0 (Phosphate Transport Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Plant Growth Regulators)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - EC 1.13.12.- (Luciferases)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.31 (Glucuronidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics/growth & development/*metabolism
MH  - Auxins/pharmacology
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Cytokinins/pharmacology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
MH  - Glucuronidase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Histocytochemistry
MH  - Luciferases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phosphate Transport Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphates/deficiency/*pharmacology
MH  - Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Trans-Activation (Genetics)/drug effects
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.020007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):221-33.

PMID- 12226503
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Arabidopsis UVR8 regulates ultraviolet-B signal transduction and tolerance
      and contains sequence similarity to human regulator of chromatin
      condensation 1.
PG  - 234-43
AB  - To further our understanding of how plants defend against the harmful
      effects of ultraviolet (UV) light, we characterized an Arabidopsis mutant
      hypersensitive to UV-B. This mutant, UV resistance locus 8-1 (uvr8-1),
      contains a single recessive mutation at the bottom of chromosome 5.
      Fine-scale mapping localized uvr8-1 to a 21-kb locus containing five
      predicted open reading frames. Sequencing of this entire region revealed
      that the uvr8-1 allele contains a 15-nucleotide deletion in a gene similar
      to the human guanine nucleotide exchange factor regulator of chromatin
      condensation 1. This mutation reduces the UV-B-mediated induction of
      flavonoids and blocks chalcone synthase mRNA and protein induction. In
      contrast, uvr8-1 has enhanced induction of PR1 and PR5 proteins in
      response to UV-B, an indication of increased UV-B injury. These results
      suggest that UVR8 acts in a UV-B signal transduction pathway leading to
      induction of flavonoid biosynthesis.
AD  - The Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research and Section of Genetics
      and Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
      Kliebenstein@ucdavis.edu
FAU - Kliebenstein, Daniel J
AU  - Kliebenstein DJ
FAU - Lim, Jackie E
AU  - Lim JE
FAU - Landry, Laurie G
AU  - Landry LG
FAU - Last, Robert L
AU  - Last RL
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF130441
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (CHC1 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Cell Cycle Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Flavonoids)
RN  - 0 (Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Phenylpropionates)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - EC 2.3. (Acyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.74 (flavanone synthetase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyltransferases/metabolism
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics/*physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics/metabolism/*physiology/radiation effects
MH  - *Cell Cycle Proteins
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Flavonoids/biosynthesis
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - *Nuclear Proteins
MH  - Phenylpropionates/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Signal Transduction/*physiology
MH  - Ultraviolet Rays
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005041 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):234-43.

PMID- 12226504
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Glycerophosphocholine metabolism in higher plant cells. Evidence of a new
      glyceryl-phosphodiester phosphodiesterase.
PG  - 244-55
AB  - Glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) is a diester that accumulates in different
      physiological processes leading to phospholipid remodeling. However, very
      little is known about its metabolism in higher plant cells. (31)P-Nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical analyses performed on
      carrot (Daucus carota) cells fed with GroPCho revealed the existence of an
      extracellular GroPCho phosphodiesterase. This enzymatic activity splits
      GroPCho into sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and free choline. In vivo,
      sn-glycerol-3-phosphate is further hydrolyzed into glycerol and inorganic
      phosphate by acid phosphatase. We visualized the incorporation and the
      compartmentation of choline and observed that the major choline pool was
      phosphorylated and accumulated in the cytosol, whereas a minor fraction
      was incorporated in the vacuole as free choline. Isolation of plasma
      membranes, culture medium, and cell wall proteins enabled us to localize
      this phosphodiesterase activity on the cell wall. We also report the
      existence of an intracellular glycerophosphodiesterase. This second
      activity is localized in the vacuole and hydrolyzes GroPCho in a similar
      fashion to the cell wall phosphodiesterase. Both extra- and intracellular
      phosphodiesterases are widespread among different plant species and are
      often enhanced during phosphate deprivation. Finally, competition
      experiments on the extracellular phosphodiesterase suggested a specificity
      for glycerophosphodiesters (apparent K(m) of 50 microM), which
      distinguishes it from other phosphodiesterases previously described in the
      literature.
AD  - Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Vegetale, Unite Mixte de Recherche
      5019, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche
      Scientifique, Universite Joseph Fourier, Departement de Biologie
      Moleculaire et Structurale, Grenoble, France.
FAU - van der Rest, Benoit
AU  - van der Rest B
FAU - Boisson, Anne-Marie
AU  - Boisson AM
FAU - Gout, Elisabeth
AU  - Gout E
FAU - Bligny, Richard
AU  - Bligny R
FAU - Douce, Roland
AU  - Douce R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Carbon Isotopes)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Phosphorus Isotopes)
RN  - 312-45-8 (Hemicholinium 3)
RN  - 563-24-6 (Glycerylphosphorylcholine)
RN  - 62-49-7 (Choline)
RN  - EC 3.1.4 (Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.1.4.46 (glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbon Isotopes
MH  - Cell Wall/enzymology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Choline/metabolism
MH  - Cytosol/enzymology
MH  - Glycerylphosphorylcholine/*metabolism
MH  - Hemicholinium 3/pharmacology
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Hydrolysis
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
MH  - Phosphates/pharmacology
MH  - Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases/drug effects/isolation &
      purification/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphorus Isotopes/metabolism
MH  - Plants/cytology/*enzymology
MH  - Protoplasts/enzymology
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Vacuoles/enzymology
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.003392 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):244-55.

PMID- 12226505
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Biochemical characterization of the Arabidopsis protein kinase SOS2 that
      functions in salt tolerance.
PG  - 256-64
AB  - The Arabidopsis Salt Overly Sensitive 2 (SOS2) gene encodes a
      serine/threonine (Thr) protein kinase that has been shown to be a critical
      component of the salt stress signaling pathway. SOS2 contains a
      sucrose-non-fermenting protein kinase 1/AMP-activated protein kinase-like
      N-terminal catalytic domain with an activation loop and a unique
      C-terminal regulatory domain with an FISL motif that binds to the calcium
      sensor Salt Overly Sensitive 3. In this study, we examined some of the
      biochemical properties of the SOS2 in vitro. To determine its biochemical
      properties, we expressed and isolated a number of active and inactive SOS2
      mutants as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli.
      Three constitutively active mutants, SOS2T168D, SOS2T168D Delta F, and
      SOS2T168D Delta 308, were obtained previously, which contain either the
      Thr-168 to aspartic acid (Asp) mutation in the activation loop or combine
      the activation loop mutation with removal of the FISL motif or the entire
      regulatory domain. These active mutants exhibited a preference for Mn(2+)
      relative to Mg(2+) and could not use GTP as phosphate donor for either
      substrate phosphorylation or autophosphorylation. The three enzymes had
      similar peptide substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency. Salt
      overly sensitive 3 had little effect on the activity of the activation
      loop mutant SOS2T168D, either in the presence or absence of calcium. The
      active mutant SOS2T168D Delta 308 could not transphosphorylate an inactive
      protein (SOS2K40N), which indicates an intramolecular reaction mechanism
      of SOS2 autophosphorylation. Interestingly, SOS2 could be activated not
      only by the Thr-168 to Asp mutation but also by a serine-156 or
      tyrosine-175 to Asp mutation within the activation loop. Our results
      provide insights into the regulation and biochemical properties of SOS2
      and the SOS2 subfamily of protein kinases.
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
      85721, USA.
FAU - Gong, Deming
AU  - Gong D
FAU - Guo, Yan
AU  - Guo Y
FAU - Jagendorf, Andre T
AU  - Jagendorf AT
FAU - Zhu, Jian-Kang
AU  - Zhu JK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Cations, Divalent)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 55520-40-6 (Tyrosine)
RN  - 56-45-1 (Serine)
RN  - 56-84-8 (Aspartic Acid)
RN  - 7439-95-4 (Magnesium)
RN  - 7439-96-5 (Manganese)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (Sos2 protein, kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Arabidopsis/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - Aspartic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Cations, Divalent/pharmacology
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Escherichia coli/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Magnesium/pharmacology
MH  - Manganese/pharmacology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/drug effects/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Serine/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/*physiology
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tyrosine/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004507 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):256-64.

PMID- 12226506
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Plasmalemma abscisic acid perception leads to RAB18 expression via
      phospholipase D activation in Arabidopsis suspension cells.
PG  - 265-72
AB  - Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in the control of stomatal aperture
      by regulating ion channel activities and water exchanges across the plasma
      membrane of guard cells. Changes in cytoplasmic calcium content and
      activation of anion and outward-rectifying K(+) channels are among the
      earliest cellular responses to ABA in guard cells. In Arabidopsis
      suspension cells, we have demonstrated that outer plasmalemma perception
      of ABA triggered similar early events. Furthermore, a Ca(2+) influx and
      the activation of anion channels are part of the ABA-signaling pathway
      leading to the specific expression of RAB18. Here, we determine whether
      phospholipases are involved in ABA-induced RAB18 expression. Phospholipase
      C is not implicated in this ABA pathway. Using a transphosphatidylation
      reaction, we show that ABA plasmalemma perception results in a transient
      stimulation of phospholipase D (PLD) activity, which is necessary for
      RAB18 expression. Further experiments showed that PLD activation was
      unlikely to be regulated by heterotrimeric G proteins. We also observed
      that ABA-dependent stimulation of PLD was necessary for the activation of
      plasma anion current. However, when ABA activation of plasma anion
      channels was inhibited, the ABA-dependent activation of PLD was unchanged.
      Thus, we conclude that in Arabidopsis suspension cells, ABA stimulation of
      PLD acts upstream from anion channels in the transduction pathway leading
      to RAB18 expression.
AD  - Physiologie Cellulaire et Moleculaire des Plantes, Unite Mixte de
      Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7632, case 156,
      Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris
      cedex 05, France.
FAU - Hallouin, Matthieu
AU  - Hallouin M
FAU - Ghelis, Thanos
AU  - Ghelis T
FAU - Brault, Mathias
AU  - Brault M
FAU - Bardat, Francoise
AU  - Bardat F
FAU - Cornel, Daniel
AU  - Cornel D
FAU - Miginiac, Emile
AU  - Miginiac E
FAU - Rona, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Rona JP
FAU - Sotta, Bruno
AU  - Sotta B
FAU - Jeannette, Emmanuelle
AU  - Jeannette E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Ion Channels)
RN  - 0 (rab18 protein, Arabidopsis)
RN  - 21293-29-8 (Abscisic Acid)
RN  - EC 3.1.4.3 (Phospholipase C)
RN  - EC 3.1.4.4 (Phospholipase D)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (rab GTP-Binding Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.46 (Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Abscisic Acid/*pharmacology
MH  - Arabidopsis/cytology/enzymology/*genetics
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Cell Membrane/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Enzyme Activation/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
MH  - Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Ion Channels/drug effects
MH  - Membrane Potentials/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Phospholipase C/metabolism
MH  - Phospholipase D/*metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - rab GTP-Binding Proteins/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004168 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):265-72.

PMID- 12226507
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Characterization of a novel lipoxygenase-independent senescence mechanism
      in Alstroemeria peruviana floral tissue.
PG  - 273-83
AB  - The role of lipoxygenase (lox) in senescence of Alstroemeria peruviana
      flowers was investigated using a combination of in vitro assays and
      chemical profiling of the lipid oxidation products generated.
      Phospholipids and galactolipids were extensively degraded during
      senescence in both sepals and petals and the ratio of
      saturated/unsaturated fatty acids increased. Lox protein levels and
      enzymatic activity declined markedly after flower opening. Stereochemical
      analysis of lox products showed that 13-lox was the major activity present
      in both floral tissues and high levels of 13-keto fatty acids were also
      synthesized. Lipid hydroperoxides accumulated in sepals, but not in
      petals, and sepals also had a higher chlorophyll to carotenoid ratio that
      favors photooxidation of lipids. Loss of membrane semipermeability was
      coincident for both tissue types and was chronologically separated from
      lox activity that had declined by over 80% at the onset of electrolyte
      leakage. Thus, loss of membrane function was not related to lox activity
      or accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides per se and differs in these
      respects from other ethylene-insensitive floral tissues representing a
      novel pattern of flower senescence.
AD  - Department of Plant Genetics and Biotechnology, Horticulture Research
      International, Wellesbourne, Warwickshire CV35 9EF, United Kingdom.
FAU - Leverentz, Michael K
AU  - Leverentz MK
FAU - Wagstaff, Carol
AU  - Wagstaff C
FAU - Rogers, Hilary J
AU  - Rogers HJ
FAU - Stead, Anthony D
AU  - Stead AD
FAU - Chanasut, Usawadee
AU  - Chanasut U
FAU - Silkowski, Helena
AU  - Silkowski H
FAU - Thomas, Brian
AU  - Thomas B
FAU - Weichert, Heiko
AU  - Weichert H
FAU - Feussner, Ivo
AU  - Feussner I
FAU - Griffiths, Gareth
AU  - Griffiths G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Anthocyanins)
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Electrolytes)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
RN  - 0 (Pigments)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
RN  - 0 (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances)
RN  - 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll)
RN  - 36-88-4 (Carotenoids)
RN  - EC 1.13.11.12 (Lipoxygenase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Angiosperms/*enzymology/growth & development
MH  - Anthocyanins/metabolism
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism
MH  - Carotenoids/metabolism
MH  - Chlorophyll/metabolism
MH  - Electrolytes/metabolism
MH  - Fatty Acids/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation
MH  - Lipids/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Lipoxygenase/*metabolism
MH  - Molecular Conformation
MH  - Pigments/metabolism
MH  - Plant Stems/*enzymology
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.000919 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):273-83.

PMID- 12226508
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Mitochondrial-driven bicarbonate transport supports photosynthesis in a
      marine microalga.
PG  - 284-91
AB  - The CO(2)-concentrating mechanism (CCM) of the marine eustigmatophycean
      microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana consists of an active HCO(3)(-)
      transport system and an internal carbonic anhydrase to facilitate
      accumulation and conversion of HCO(3)(-) to CO(2) for photosynthetic
      fixation. Aqueous inlet mass spectrometry revealed that a portion of the
      CO(2) generated within the cells leaked to the medium, resulting in a
      significant rise in the extracellular CO(2) concentration to a level above
      its chemical equilibrium that was diagnostic for active HCO(3)(-)
      transport. The transient rise in extracellular CO(2) occurred in the light
      and the dark and was resolved from concurrent respiratory CO(2) efflux
      using H(13)CO(3)(-) stable isotope techniques. H(13)CO(3)(-)
      pump-(13)CO(2) leak activity of the CCM was unaffected by 10 microM
      3(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, an inhibitor of chloroplast linear
      electron transport, although photosynthetic O(2) evolution was reduced by
      90%. However, low concentrations of cyanide, azide, and rotenone along
      with anoxia significantly reduced or abolished (13)CO(2) efflux in the
      dark and light. These results indicate that H(13)CO(3)(-) transport was
      supported by mitochondrial energy production in contrast to other algae
      and cyanobacteria in which it is supported by photosynthetic electron
      transport. This is the first report of a direct role for mitochondria in
      the energization and functioning of the CCM in a photosynthetic organism.
AD  - Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto,
      Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3.
FAU - Huertas, I Emma
AU  - Huertas IE
FAU - Colman, Brian
AU  - Colman B
FAU - Espie, George S
AU  - Espie GS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Azides)
RN  - 0 (Bicarbonates)
RN  - 0 (Carbon Isotopes)
RN  - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide)
RN  - 151-50-8 (Potassium Cyanide)
RN  - 330-54-1 (Diuron)
RN  - 7782-44-7 (Oxygen)
RN  - 83-79-4 (Rotenone)
RN  - EC 4.2.1.1 (Carbonic Anhydrases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algae/drug effects/*physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Azides/pharmacology
MH  - Bicarbonates/*metabolism
MH  - Biological Transport/drug effects
MH  - Carbon Dioxide/metabolism
MH  - Carbon Isotopes/metabolism
MH  - Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism
MH  - Cell Respiration/radiation effects
MH  - Darkness
MH  - Diuron/pharmacology
MH  - Electron Transport/drug effects
MH  - Light
MH  - Mitochondria/*metabolism
MH  - Oxygen/metabolism
MH  - Photosynthesis/*physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Potassium Cyanide/pharmacology
MH  - Rotenone/pharmacology
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004598 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):284-91.

PMID- 12226509
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Early embryo development in Fucus distichus is auxin sensitive.
PG  - 292-302
AB  - Auxin and polar auxin transport have been implicated in controlling embryo
      development in land plants. The goal of these studies was to determine if
      auxin and auxin transport are also important during the earliest stages of
      development in embryos of the brown alga Fucus distichus. Indole-3-acetic
      acid (IAA) was identified in F. distichus embryos and mature tissues by
      gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. F. distichus embryos accumulate
      [(3)H]IAA and an inhibitor of IAA efflux, naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA),
      elevates IAA accumulation, suggesting the presence of an auxin efflux
      protein complex similar to that found in land plants. F. distichus embryos
      normally develop with a single unbranched rhizoid, but growth on IAA leads
      to formation of multiple rhizoids and growth on NPA leads to formation of
      embryos with branched rhizoids, at concentrations that are active in auxin
      accumulation assays. The effects of IAA and NPA are complete before 6 h
      after fertilization (AF), which is before rhizoid germination and cell
      division. The maximal effects of IAA and NPA are between 3.5 and 5 h AF
      and 4 and 5.5 h AF, respectively. Although, the location of the planes of
      cell division was significantly altered in NPA- and IAA-treated embryos,
      these abnormal divisions occurred after abnormal rhizoid initiation and
      branching was observed. The results of this study suggest that auxin acts
      in the formation of apical basal patterns in F. distichus embryo
      development.
AD  - Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North
      Carolina 27109-7325, USA.
FAU - Basu, Swati
AU  - Basu S
FAU - Sun, Haiguo
AU  - Sun H
FAU - Brian, Leigh
AU  - Brian L
FAU - Quatrano, Ralph L
AU  - Quatrano RL
FAU - Muday, Gloria K
AU  - Muday GK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Auxins)
RN  - 0 (Indoleacetic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Phthalimides)
RN  - 10028-17-8 (Tritium)
RN  - 132-66-1 (alpha-naphthylphthalamic acid)
RN  - 87-51-4 (indoleacetic acid)
SB  - IM
SB  - S
MH  - Algae, Brown/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Auxins/*pharmacology
MH  - Biological Transport/drug effects
MH  - Cell Division/drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Indoleacetic Acids/pharmacology
MH  - Phthalimides/pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Spores/cytology/drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tritium
OTO - NASA
OT  - NASA Discipline Plant Biology
OT  - Non-NASA Center
IR  - Muday GK
FIR - Muday, G K
IRAD- Wake Forest U, Winston-Salem, NC
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004747 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):292-302.

PMID- 12226510
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Sterol C-24 methyltransferase type 1 controls the flux of carbon into
      sterol biosynthesis in tobacco seed.
PG  - 303-11
AB  - The first committed step in the conversion of cycloartenol into Delta(5)
      C24-alkyl sterols in plants is catalyzed by an
      S-adenosyl-methionine-dependent sterol-C24-methyltransferase type 1
      (SMT1). We report the consequences of overexpressing SMT1 in tobacco
      (Nicotiana tabacum), under control of either the constitutive carnation
      etched ring virus promoter or the seed-specific Brassica napus
      acyl-carrier protein promoter, on sterol biosynthesis in seed tissue.
      Overexpression of SMT1 with either promoter increased the amount of total
      sterols in seed tissue by up to 44%. The sterol composition was also
      perturbed with levels of sitosterol increased by up to 50% and levels of
      isofucosterol and campesterol increased by up to 80%, whereas levels of
      cycloartenol and cholesterol were decreased by up to 53% and 34%,
      respectively. Concomitant with the enhanced SMT1 activity was an increase
      in endogenous 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity,
      from which one can speculate that reduced levels of cycloartenol feed back
      to up-regulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity
      and thereby control the carbon flux into sterol biosynthesis. This
      potential regulatory role of SMT1 in seed sterol biosynthesis is
      discussed.
AD  - Plant Sciences, Colworth House, Unilever Research and Development
      Laboratory, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44 1LQ, United Kingdom.
      niklas.holmberg@alligatorbioscience.com
FAU - Holmberg, Niklas
AU  - Holmberg N
FAU - Harker, Mark
AU  - Harker M
FAU - Gibbard, Carl L
AU  - Gibbard CL
FAU - Wallace, Andrew D
AU  - Wallace AD
FAU - Clayton, John C
AU  - Clayton JC
FAU - Rawlins, Sally
AU  - Rawlins S
FAU - Hellyer, Amanda
AU  - Hellyer A
FAU - Safford, Richard
AU  - Safford R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Phytosterols)
RN  - 0 (Sitosterols)
RN  - 17605-67-3 (fucosterol)
RN  - 469-38-5 (cycloartenol)
RN  - 474-62-4 (campesterol)
RN  - 57-88-5 (Cholesterol)
RN  - 5779-62-4 (sitosterol)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
RN  - 83-48-7 (Stigmasterol)
RN  - EC 1.1.1.- (Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases)
RN  - EC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.- (24-methylene-lophenol-C24-methyltransferase)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.- (S-adenosyl-L-methionine-cycloartenol methyltransferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Biological Transport
MH  - Carbon/*metabolism
MH  - Cholesterol/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/metabolism
MH  - Methyltransferases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phytosterols/*biosynthesis/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Plant Leaves/metabolism
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Seeds/metabolism
MH  - Sitosterols/metabolism
MH  - Stigmasterol/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
MH  - Tobacco/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004226 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):303-11.

PMID- 12226511
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Two new loci, PLEIADE and HYADE, implicate organ-specific regulation of
      cytokinesis in Arabidopsis.
PG  - 312-24
AB  - In screens for regulators of root morphogenesis in Arabidopsis we isolated
      six new recessive mutants with irregular cell expansion. Complementation
      analyses placed the mutations in two loci, PLEIADE (PLE) and HYADE (HYA).
      Phenotypic analyses revealed multinucleated cells, cell wall stubs, and
      synchronized cell divisions in incompletely separated cells that are all
      characteristics of defective cytokinesis. These defects were pronounced in
      roots and undetectable in aerial organs. In addition, fertility and
      germination were not affected by the mutations. Thus, the alleles that we
      have isolated of PLE and HYA suggest that the genes may encode
      organ-specific components needed primarily during root development.
      Analysis of microtubule arrays during cell cycle in ple and hya roots
      indicates that the presence of several synchronized nuclei influences the
      position of preprophase band, mitotic spindles, and phragmoplasts. The
      enhanced and synergistic phenotype of PLE/ple.hya/hya seedlings and double
      mutants point to a role of PLE and HYA in the same process. These mutants
      provide tools to elucidate the regulation of nuclear cytoskeletal
      interactions during cell division and cytokinesis.
AD  - Center of Applied Genetics, University of Agricultural Sciences Vienna,
      Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
FAU - Muller, Sabine
AU  - Muller S
FAU - Fuchs, Esther
AU  - Fuchs E
FAU - Ovecka, Miroslav
AU  - Ovecka M
FAU - Wysocka-Diller, Joanna
AU  - Wysocka-Diller J
FAU - Benfey, Philip N
AU  - Benfey PN
FAU - Hauser, Marie-Theres
AU  - Hauser MT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/cytology/genetics/*growth & development
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cell Division/genetics
MH  - Cell Nucleus/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Microtubules/metabolism
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004416 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):312-24.

PMID- 12226512
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Light-intensity-dependent expression of Lhc gene family encoding
      light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b proteins of photosystem II in
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
PG  - 325-33
AB  - Excessive light conditions repressed the levels of mRNAs accumulation of
      multiple Lhc genes encoding light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b (LHC)
      proteins of photosystem (PS)II in the unicellular green alga,
      Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The light intensity required for the repression
      tended to decrease with lowering temperature or CO(2) concentration. The
      responses of six LhcII genes encoding the major LHC (LHCII) proteins and
      two genes (Lhcb4 and Lhcb5) encoding the minor LHC proteins of PSII (CP29
      and CP26) were similar. The results indicate that the expression of these
      Lhc genes is coordinately repressed when the energy input through the
      antenna systems exceeds the requirement for CO(2) assimilation. The Lhc
      mRNA level repressed under high-light conditions was partially recovered
      by adding the electron transport inhibitor
      3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting that redox signaling
      via photosynthetic electron carriers is involved in the gene regulation.
      However, the mRNA level was still considerably lower under high-light than
      under low-light conditions even in the presence of
      3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Repression of the Lhc genes by
      high light was prominent even in the mutants deficient in the reaction
      center(s) of PSII or both PSI and PSII. The results indicate that two
      alternative processes are involved in the repression of Lhc genes under
      high-light conditions, one of which is independent of the photosynthetic
      reaction centers and electron transport events.
AD  - Laboratory for Photobiology (1), Photodynamics Research Center, The
      Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Sendai 980-0845, Japan.
FAU - Teramoto, Haruhiko
AU  - Teramoto H
FAU - Nakamori, Akira
AU  - Nakamori A
FAU - Minagawa, Jun
AU  - Minagawa J
FAU - Ono, Taka-aki
AU  - Ono TA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Algal Proteins)
RN  - 124-38-9 (Carbon Dioxide)
RN  - 330-54-1 (Diuron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algal Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology
MH  - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/drug effects/*genetics/radiation effects
MH  - Diuron/pharmacology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/radiation effects
MH  - Light
MH  - Multigene Family/genetics
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Photosynthesis/drug effects/*genetics/radiation effects
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Temperature
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004622 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):325-33.

PMID- 12226513
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041201
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Inhibition of squalene synthase and squalene epoxidase in tobacco cells
      triggers an up-regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a
      reductase.
PG  - 334-46
AB  - To get some insight into the regulatory mechanisms controlling the sterol
      branch of the mevalonate pathway, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Bright
      Yellow-2) cell suspensions were treated with squalestatin-1 and
      terbinafine, two specific inhibitors of squalene synthase (SQS) and
      squalene epoxidase, respectively. These two enzymes catalyze the first two
      steps involved in sterol biosynthesis. In highly dividing cells, SQS was
      actively expressed concomitantly with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme
      A reductase and both sterol methyltransferases. At nanomolar
      concentrations, squalestatin was found to inhibit efficiently sterol
      biosynthesis as attested by the rapid decrease in SQS activity and
      [(14)C]radioactivity from acetate incorporated into sterols. A parallel
      dose-dependent accumulation of farnesol, the dephosphorylated form of the
      SQS substrate, was observed without affecting farnesyl diphosphate
      synthase steady-state mRNA levels. Treatment of tobacco cells with
      terbinafine is also shown to inhibit sterol synthesis. In addition, this
      inhibitor induced an impressive accumulation of squalene and a
      dose-dependent stimulation of the triacylglycerol content and synthesis,
      suggesting the occurrence of regulatory relationships between sterol and
      triacylglycerol biosynthetic pathways. We demonstrate that squalene was
      stored in cytosolic lipid particles, but could be redirected toward sterol
      synthesis if required. Inhibition of either SQS or squalene epoxidase was
      found to trigger a severalfold increase in enzyme activity of
      3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, giving first evidence for
      a positive feedback regulation of this key enzyme in response to a
      selective depletion of endogenous sterols. At the same time, no
      compensatory responses mediated by SQS were observed, in sharp contrast to
      the situation in mammalian cells.
AD  - Institut de Biologie Moleculaire des Plantes, Centre National de la
      Recherche Scientifique Unite Propre de Recherche 2357, 28 rue Goethe,
      67083 Strasbourg, France.
FAU - Wentzinger, Laurent F
AU  - Wentzinger LF
FAU - Bach, Thomas J
AU  - Bach TJ
FAU - Hartmann, Marie-Andree
AU  - Hartmann MA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic)
RN  - 0 (Carbon Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Naphthalenes)
RN  - 0 (Phytosterols)
RN  - 0 (Polyisoprenyl Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Tricarboxylic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
RN  - 111-02-4 (Squalene)
RN  - 13058-04-3 (farnesyl pyrophosphate)
RN  - 142561-96-4 (squalestatin 1)
RN  - 469-38-5 (cycloartenol)
RN  - 91161-71-6 (terbinafine)
RN  - EC 1.1.1.- (Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases)
RN  - EC 1.13. (Oxygenases)
RN  - EC 1.14.99.7 (Squalene monooxygenase)
RN  - EC 1.3.- (Squalene Synthetase)
RN  - EC 2.1.1. (Methyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.- (24-methylene-lophenol-C24-methyltransferase)
RN  - EC 2.1.1.- (S-adenosyl-L-methionine-cycloartenol methyltransferase)
RN  - EC 3.1.3 (Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases)
RN  - EC 3.1.7.1 (prenyl-pyrophosphatase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
MH  - Carbon Radioisotopes
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
MH  - Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Methyltransferases/metabolism
MH  - Naphthalenes/pharmacology
MH  - Oxygenases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
MH  - Phytosterols/biosynthesis
MH  - Polyisoprenyl Phosphates/biosynthesis
MH  - Squalene/metabolism
MH  - Squalene Synthetase/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Tobacco/cytology/*enzymology/genetics
MH  - Tricarboxylic Acids/pharmacology
MH  - Triglycerides/metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation/drug effects
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004655 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):334-46.

PMID- 12226514
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Probing in vivo metabolism by stable isotope labeling of storage lipids
      and proteins in developing Brassica napus embryos.
PG  - 347-61
AB  - Developing embryos of Brassica napus accumulate both triacylglycerols and
      proteins as major storage reserves. To evaluate metabolic fluxes during
      embryo development, we have established conditions for stable isotope
      labeling of cultured embryos under steady-state conditions. Sucrose
      supplied via the endosperm is considered to be the main carbon and energy
      source for seed metabolism. However, in addition to 220 to 270 mM
      carbohydrates (sucrose, glucose, and fructose), analysis of endosperm
      liquid revealed up to 70 mM amino acids as well as 6 to 15 mM malic acid.
      Therefore, a labeling approach with multiple carbon sources is a
      precondition to quantitatively reflect fluxes of central carbon metabolism
      in developing embryos. Mid-cotyledon stage B. napus embryos were dissected
      from plants and cultured for 15 d on a complex liquid medium containing
      (13)C-labeled carbohydrates. The (13)C enrichment of fatty acids and amino
      acids (after hydrolysis of the seed proteins) was determined by gas
      chromatography/mass spectrometry. Analysis of (13)C isotope isomers of
      labeled fatty acids and plastid-derived amino acids indicated that direct
      glycolysis provides at least 90% of precursors of plastid acetyl-coenzyme
      A (CoA). Unlabeled amino acids, when added to the growth medium, did not
      reduce incorporation of (13)C label into plastid-formed fatty acids, but
      substantially diluted (13)C label in seed protein. Approximately 30% of
      carbon in seed protein was derived from exogenous amino acids and as a
      consequence, the use of amino acids as a carbon source may have
      significant influence on the total carbon and energy balance in seed
      metabolism. (13)C label in the terminal acetate units of C(20) and C(22)
      fatty acids that derive from cytosolic acetyl-CoA was also significantly
      diluted by unlabeled amino acids. We conclude that cytosolic acetyl-CoA
      has a more complex biogenetic origin than plastidic acetyl-CoA. Malic acid
      in the growth medium did not dilute (13)C label incorporation into fatty
      acids or proteins and can be ruled out as a source of carbon for the major
      storage components of B. napus embryos.
AD  - Michigan State University, Department of Plant Biology, East Lansing,
      Michigan 48824, USA.
FAU - Schwender, Jorg
AU  - Schwender J
FAU - Ohlrogge, John B
AU  - Ohlrogge JB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Carbon Isotopes)
RN  - 0 (Culture Media)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Malates)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 50-99-7 (Glucose)
RN  - 57-50-1 (Sucrose)
RN  - 6915-15-7 (malic acid)
RN  - 72-89-9 (Acetyl Coenzyme A)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetyl Coenzyme A/biosynthesis
MH  - Amino Acids/metabolism
MH  - Brassica napus/growth & development/*metabolism
MH  - Carbohydrates/metabolism
MH  - Carbon/metabolism
MH  - Carbon Isotopes/metabolism
MH  - Chloroplasts/metabolism
MH  - Culture Media
MH  - Culture Techniques
MH  - Fatty Acids/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Glycolysis/physiology
MH  - Isotope Labeling/*methods
MH  - Malates/metabolism
MH  - Mass Fragmentography
MH  - Plant Proteins/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Seeds/growth & development/*metabolism
MH  - Sucrose/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004275 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):347-61.

PMID- 12226515
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Tandemly duplicated Safener-induced glutathione S-transferase genes from
      Triticum tauschii contribute to genome- and organ-specific expression in
      hexaploid wheat.
PG  - 362-73
AB  - Glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene expression was examined in several
      Triticum species, differing in genome constitution and ploidy level, to
      determine genome contribution to GST expression in cultivated, hexaploid
      bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Two tandemly duplicated tau class GST
      genes (TtGSTU1 and TtGSTU2) were isolated from a single bacterial
      artificial chromosome clone in a library constructed from the diploid
      wheat and D genome progenitor to cultivated wheat, Triticum tauschii. The
      genes are very similar in genomic structure and their encoded proteins are
      95% identical. Gene-specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain
      reaction analysis revealed differential transcript accumulation of TtGSTU1
      and TtGSTU2 in roots and shoots. Expression of both genes was induced by
      herbicide safeners, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and abscisic acid, in
      the shoots of T. tauschii; however, expression of TtGSTU1 was always
      higher than TtGSTU2. In untreated seedlings, TtGSTU1 was expressed in both
      shoots and roots, whereas TtGSTU2 expression was only detected in roots.
      RNA gel-blot analysis of ditelosomic, aneuploid lines that are deficient
      for 6AS, 6BS, or 6DS chromosome arms of cultivated, hexaploid bread wheat
      showed differential genome contribution to safener-induced GST expression
      in shoots compared with roots. The GST genes from the D genome of
      hexaploid wheat contribute most to safener-induced expression in the
      shoots, whereas GSTs from the B and D genomes contribute to
      safener-induced expression in the roots.
AD  - Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
      61801, USA.
FAU - Xu, Fangxiu
AU  - Xu F
FAU - Lagudah, Evans S
AU  - Lagudah ES
FAU - Moose, Stephen P
AU  - Moose SP
FAU - Riechers, Dean E
AU  - Riechers DE
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY013753
SI  - GENBANK/AY013754
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Plant)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Growth Regulators)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 21293-29-8 (Abscisic Acid)
RN  - 94-75-7 (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - 5' Flanking Region/genetics
MH  - Abscisic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - DNA, Plant/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Gene Duplication/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Pesticides/pharmacology
MH  - Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
MH  - Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/metabolism
MH  - Plant Shoots/metabolism
MH  - Polyploidy
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Alignment
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tandem Repeat Sequences/*genetics
MH  - Triticum/drug effects/enzymology/*genetics
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004796 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):362-73.

PMID- 12226516
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20040219
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Successive glycosyltransfer activity and enzymatic characterization of
      pectic polygalacturonate 4-alpha-galacturonosyltransferase solubilized
      from pollen tubes of Petunia axillaris using pyridylaminated
      oligogalacturonates as substrates.
PG  - 374-9
AB  - Polygalacturonate 4-alpha-galacturonosyltransferase (pectin synthase) was
      solubilized from pollen tubes of Petunia axillaris and characterized. To
      accomplish this, an assay method using fluorogenic
      pyridylaminated-oligogalacturonic acids (PA-OGAs) as acceptor substrates
      was developed. When the pollen tube enzyme was solubilized with 0.5% (v/v)
      Triton X-100 and was incubated with PA-OGA and UDP-galacturonic acid
      (UDP-GalUA), successive transfer activity of more than 10 GalUAs from
      UDP-GalUA to the nonreducing end of PA-OGA was observed by
      diethylaminoethyl high-performance liquid chromatography. This activity
      was time- and enzyme concentration-dependent. The optimum enzyme activity
      was observed at pH 7.0 and 30 degrees C. Among the PA-OGAs investigated,
      those with a degree of polymerization of more than 10 were preferred as
      substrates. The crude pollen tube enzyme had an apparent K(m) value of 13
      microM for the PA-OGA with a degree of polymerization 11 and 170 microM
      for UDP-GalUA. The characteristics of the P. axillaris pollen tube enzyme
      and the usefulness of fluorogenic PA-OGAs for the assay of this enzyme are
      discussed.
AD  - Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyamacho,
      Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
FAU - Akita, Kazumasa
AU  - Akita K
FAU - Ishimizu, Takeshi
AU  - Ishimizu T
FAU - Tsukamoto, Tatsuya
AU  - Tsukamoto T
FAU - Ando, Toshio
AU  - Ando T
FAU - Hase, Sumihiro
AU  - Hase S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Cations)
RN  - 0 (Hexuronic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Oligosaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Pectins)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (oligogalacturonic acid)
RN  - 14982-50-4 (galacturonic acid)
RN  - EC 2.4 (Glycosyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.4.1.- (alpha-1,4-GalAT protein, plant)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cations/pharmacology
MH  - Glycosyltransferases/drug effects/isolation & purification/*metabolism
MH  - Hexuronic Acids/*metabolism
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Oligosaccharides/metabolism
MH  - Pectins/biosynthesis
MH  - Plant Proteins/drug effects/isolation & purification/*metabolism
MH  - Pollen/*enzymology/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Solanaceae/*enzymology/growth & development/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005587 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):374-9.

PMID- 12226517
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Developmentally regulated dual-specificity kinase from peanut that is
      induced by abiotic stresses.
PG  - 380-90
AB  - Tyrosine (Tyr) phosphorylation represents an important biochemical
      mechanism to regulate many cellular processes. No Tyr kinase has been
      cloned so far in plants. Dual-specificity kinases are reported in plants
      and the function of these kinases remains unknown. A 1.7-kb cDNA that
      encodes serine/threonine/Tyr (STY) kinase was isolated by screening peanut
      (Arachis hypogaea) expression library using the anti-phospho-Tyr antibody.
      The histidine-tagged recombinant kinase histidine-6-STY predominantly
      autophosphorylated on Tyr and phosphorylated the histone primarily on
      threonine. Genomic DNA gel-blot analysis revealed that STY kinase is a
      member of a small multigene family. The transcript of STY kinase is
      accumulated in the mid-maturation stage of seed development, suggesting a
      role in the signaling of storage of seed reserves. The STY kinase mRNA
      expression, as well as kinase activity, markedly increased in response to
      cold and salt treatments; however, no change in the protein level was
      observed, suggesting a posttranslational activation mechanism. The
      activation of the STY kinase is detected after 12 to 48 h of cold and salt
      treatments, which indicates that the kinase may not participate in the
      initial response to abiotic stresses, but may play a possible role in the
      adaptive process to adverse conditions. The transcript levels and kinase
      activity were unaltered with abscisic acid treatment, suggesting an
      abscisic acid-independent cold and salt signaling pathway. Here, we report
      the first identification of a non-MAP kinase cascade dual-specificity
      kinase involved in abiotic stress and seed development.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012,
      India.
FAU - Rudrabhatla, Parvathi
AU  - Rudrabhatla P
FAU - Rajasekharan, Ram
AU  - Rajasekharan R
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AY027437
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Arachis hypogaea/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Complementary/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Enzyme Activation/drug effects
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Sodium Chloride/pharmacology
MH  - Stress, Mechanical
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Temperature
MH  - Trans-Activation (Genetics)/drug effects
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005173 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):380-90.

PMID- 12226518
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20031114
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - N-acylethanolamines are metabolized by lipoxygenase and amidohydrolase in
      competing pathways during cottonseed imbibition.
PG  - 391-401
AB  - Saturated and unsaturated N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) occur in desiccated
      seeds primarily as 16C and 18C species with N-palmitoylethanolamine and
      N-linoleoylethanolamine (NAE 18:2) being most abundant. Here, we examined
      the metabolic fate of NAEs in vitro and in vivo in imbibed cotton
      (Gossypium hirsutum) seeds. When synthetic
      [1-(14)C]N-palmitoylethanolamine was used as a substrate, free fatty acids
      (FFA) were produced by extracts of imbibed cottonseeds. When synthetic
      [1-(14)C]NAE 18:2 was used as a substrate, FFA and an additional lipid
      product(s) were formed. On the basis of polarity, we presumed that the
      unidentified lipid was a product of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway and
      that inclusion of the characteristic LOX inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic
      acid and eicosatetraynoic acid reduced its formation in vitro and in vivo.
      The conversion of NAE 18:2 in imbibed cottonseed extracts to
      12-oxo-13-hydroxy-N-(9Z)-octadecanoylethanolamine was confirmed by gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating the presence of 13-LOX and
      13-allene oxide synthase, which metabolized NAE 18:2. Cell fractionation
      studies showed that the NAE amidohydrolase, responsible for FFA
      production, was associated mostly with microsomes, whereas LOX,
      responsible for NAE 18:2-oxylipin production, was distributed in
      cytosol-enriched fractions and microsomes. The highest activity toward NAE
      by amidohydrolase was observed 4 to 8 h after imbibition and by LOX 8 h
      after imbibition. Our results collectively indicate that two pathways
      exist for NAE metabolism during seed imbibition: one to hydrolyze NAEs in
      a manner similar to the inactivation of endocannabinoid mediators in
      animal systems and the other to form novel NAE-derived oxylipins. The
      rapid depletion of NAEs by these pathways continues to point to a role for
      NAE metabolites in seed germination.
AD  - Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular
      Biology, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA.
FAU - Shrestha, Rhidaya
AU  - Shrestha R
FAU - Noordermeer, Minke A
AU  - Noordermeer MA
FAU - van der Stelt, Marcelis
AU  - van der Stelt M
FAU - Veldink, Gerrit A
AU  - Veldink GA
FAU - Chapman, Kent D
AU  - Chapman KD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Carbon Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (Endocannabinoids)
RN  - 0 (Ethanolamines)
RN  - 0 (Fatty Acids)
RN  - 0 (Lipoxygenase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Palmitic Acids)
RN  - 1191-85-1 (5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid)
RN  - 500-38-9 (Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid)
RN  - 544-31-0 (palmidrol)
RN  - EC 1.13.11.12 (Lipoxygenase)
RN  - EC 3.5. (Amidohydrolases)
SB  - IM
MH  - 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Amidohydrolases/*metabolism
MH  - Biological Transport/physiology
MH  - Carbon Radioisotopes
MH  - Endocannabinoids
MH  - Ethanolamines/isolation & purification/*metabolism
MH  - Fatty Acids/metabolism
MH  - Germination/physiology
MH  - Gossypium/enzymology/*growth & development
MH  - Lipoxygenase/drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Lipoxygenase Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid/pharmacology
MH  - Palmitic Acids/metabolism
MH  - Seeds/enzymology/*growth & development
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.004689 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):391-401.

PMID- 12226519
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Loss of nuclear gene expression during the phytochrome A-mediated far-red
      block of greening response.
PG  - 402-14
AB  - We have examined the expression of the HEMA1 gene, which encodes the key
      chlorophyll synthesis enzyme glutamyl-tRNA reductase, during the
      phytochrome A-mediated far-red light (FR) block of greening response in
      Arabidopsis. Our results demonstrate that the FR block of greening
      comprises two separate responses: a white light (WL) intensity-independent
      response that requires 3 d of FR and is associated with a loss of
      expression of the nuclear genes HEMA1 and Lhcb following the transfer to
      WL (transcriptionally coupled response) and a WL intensity-dependent
      response that is induced by 1 d of FR and is transcriptionally uncoupled.
      Both responses required phytochrome A. The transcriptionally uncoupled
      response correlated with a deregulation of tetrapyrrole synthesis and
      potential photooxidative damage and was inhibited by cytokinin. The
      transcriptionally coupled FR response was additive with the loss of
      expression following Norflurazon-induced photobleaching and was absent in
      the presence of sucrose or after lower fluence rate (1 micromol m(-2)
      s(-1)) FR treatments. Both pathways leading to the loss of nuclear gene
      expression were inhibited by overexpression of NADPH:protochlorophyllide
      oxidoreductase, indicating a role for plastid signaling in the FR-mediated
      pathway. The significance of identifying a distinct phytochrome A-mediated
      plastid signaling pathway is discussed.
AD  - School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16
      7PX, United Kingdom.
FAU - McCormac, Alex C
AU  - McCormac AC
FAU - Terry, Matthew J
AU  - Terry MJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Cytokinins)
RN  - 0 (Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes)
RN  - 0 (Nuclear Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Pyridazines)
RN  - 0 (phyA phytochrome)
RN  - 106-60-5 (Aminolevulinic Acid)
RN  - 11121-56-5 (Phytochrome)
RN  - 1406-65-1 (Chlorophyll)
RN  - 27314-13-2 (norflurazone)
RN  - 53-59-8 (NADP)
RN  - 57-50-1 (Sucrose)
RN  - EC 1. (Oxidoreductases)
RN  - EC 1.2. (Aldehyde Oxidoreductases)
RN  - EC 1.2.1.- (glutamyl tRNA reductase)
RN  - EC 1.3.- (Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors)
RN  - EC 1.3.1.33 (protochlorophyllide reductase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Aminolevulinic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Arabidopsis/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Chlorophyll/*biosynthesis
MH  - Chloroplasts/drug effects/physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Cytokinins/pharmacology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects/radiation effects
MH  - Light
MH  - Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes
MH  - NADP/metabolism
MH  - Nuclear Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Oxidative Stress
MH  - Oxidoreductases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - *Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors
MH  - Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phytochrome/*metabolism
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)/genetics
MH  - Pyridazines/pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Sucrose/pharmacology
MH  - Trans-Activation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.003806 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):402-14.

PMID- 12226520
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Short-term boron deprivation inhibits endocytosis of cell wall pectins in
      meristematic cells of maize and wheat root apices.
PG  - 415-21
AB  - By using immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed rapidly altered
      distribution patterns of cell wall pectins in meristematic cells of maize
      (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) root apices. This response was
      shown for homogalacturonan pectins characterized by a low level (up to
      40%) of methylesterification and for rhamnogalacturonan II pectins
      cross-linked by a borate diol diester. Under boron deprivation, abundance
      of these pectins rapidly increased in cell walls, whereas their
      internalization was inhibited, as evidenced by a reduced and even blocked
      accumulation of these cell wall pectins within brefeldin A-induced
      compartments. In contrast, root cells of species sensitive to the boron
      deprivation, like zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa),
      do not internalize cell wall pectins into brefeldin A compartments and do
      not show accumulation of pectins in their cell walls under boron
      deprivation. For maize and wheat root apices, we favor an apoplastic
      target for the primary action of boron deprivation, which signals deeper
      into the cell via endocytosis-mediated pectin signaling along putative
      cell wall-plasma membrane-cytoskeleton continuum.
AD  - Institute of Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn,
      Kirschallee 1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
FAU - Yu, Qin
AU  - Yu Q
FAU - Hlavacka, Andrej
AU  - Hlavacka A
FAU - Matoh, Toru
AU  - Matoh T
FAU - Volkmann, Dieter
AU  - Volkmann D
FAU - Menzel, Diedrik
AU  - Menzel D
FAU - Goldbach, Heiner E
AU  - Goldbach HE
FAU - Baluska, Frantisek
AU  - Baluska F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Pectins)
RN  - 7440-42-8 (Boron)
SB  - IM
SB  - S
MH  - Boron/*deficiency/pharmacology
MH  - Cell Wall/metabolism
MH  - Cucurbita/metabolism
MH  - Cytoskeleton/drug effects
MH  - Endocytosis/*drug effects
MH  - Medicago/metabolism
MH  - Meristem/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Pectins/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Triticum/metabolism
MH  - Zea mays/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.006163 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):415-21.

PMID- 12226521
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20021211
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - F-actin-dependent endocytosis of cell wall pectins in meristematic root
      cells. Insights from brefeldin A-induced compartments.
PG  - 422-31
AB  - Brefeldin A (BFA) inhibits exocytosis but allows endocytosis, making it a
      valuable agent to identify molecules that recycle at cell peripheries. In
      plants, formation of large intracellular compartments in response to BFA
      treatment is a unique feature of some, but not all, cells. Here, we have
      analyzed assembly and distribution of BFA compartments in development- and
      tissue-specific contexts of growing maize (Zea mays) root apices.
      Surprisingly, these unique compartments formed only in meristematic cells
      of the root body. On the other hand, BFA compartments were absent from
      secretory cells of root cap periphery, metaxylem cells, and most
      elongating cells, all of which are active in exocytosis. We report that
      cell wall pectin epitopes counting rhamnogalacturonan II dimers
      cross-linked by borate diol diester, partially esterified (up to 40%)
      homogalacturonan pectins, and (1-->4)-beta-D-galactan side chains of
      rhamnogalacturonan I were internalized into BFA compartments. In contrast,
      Golgi-derived secretory (esterified up to 80%) homogalacturonan pectins
      localized to the cytoplasm in control cells and did not accumulate within
      characteristic BFA compartments. Latrunculin B-mediated depolymerization
      of F-actin inhibited internalization and accumulation of cell wall pectins
      within intracellular BFA compartments. Importantly, cold treatment and
      protoplasting prevented internalization of wall pectins into root cells
      upon BFA treatment. These observations suggest that cell wall pectins of
      meristematic maize root cells undergo rapid endocytosis in an
      F-actin-dependent manner.
AD  - Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Botany, University of Bonn, Kirschallee
      1, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. baluska@uni-bonn.de
FAU - Baluska, Frantisek
AU  - Baluska F
FAU - Hlavacka, Andrej
AU  - Hlavacka A
FAU - Samaj, Jozef
AU  - Samaj J
FAU - Palme, Klaus
AU  - Palme K
FAU - Robinson, David G
AU  - Robinson DG
FAU - Matoh, Toru
AU  - Matoh T
FAU - McCurdy, David W
AU  - McCurdy DW
FAU - Menzel, Diedrik
AU  - Menzel D
FAU - Volkmann, Dieter
AU  - Volkmann D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Actins)
RN  - 0 (Biological Markers)
RN  - 0 (Epitopes)
RN  - 0 (Gibberellins)
RN  - 0 (Pectins)
RN  - 20350-15-6 (Brefeldin A)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1)
SB  - IM
SB  - S
MH  - ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1/metabolism
MH  - Actins/*metabolism
MH  - Biological Markers
MH  - Biological Transport/drug effects
MH  - Brefeldin A/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Membrane/metabolism
MH  - Cell Wall/*metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cold
MH  - Endocytosis/*drug effects
MH  - Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
MH  - Endosomes/metabolism
MH  - Epitopes
MH  - Gibberellins/metabolism
MH  - Meristem/cytology/*metabolism
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Pectins/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Roots/cytology/metabolism
MH  - Protoplasts/metabolism
MH  - Zea mays/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - trans-Golgi Network/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.007526 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):422-31.

PMID- 12226522
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Arabinoxylan biosynthesis in wheat. Characterization of
      arabinosyltransferase activity in Golgi membranes.
PG  - 432-41
AB  - Arabinoxylan arabinosyltransferase (AX-AraT) activity was investigated
      using microsomes and Golgi vesicles isolated from wheat (Triticum
      aestivum) seedlings. Incubation of microsomes with
      UDP-[(14)C]-beta-L-arabinopyranose resulted in incorporation of
      radioactivity into two different products, although most of the
      radioactivity was present in xylose (Xyl), indicating a high degree of
      UDP-arabinose (Ara) epimerization. In isolated Golgi vesicles, the
      epimerization was negligible, and incubation with UDP-[(14)C]Ara resulted
      in formation of a product that could be solubilized with proteinase K. In
      contrast, when Golgi vesicles were incubated with UDP-[(14)C]Ara in the
      presence of unlabeled UDP-Xyl, the product obtained could be solubilized
      with xylanase, whereas proteinase K had no effect. Thus, the AX-AraT is
      dependent on the synthesis of unsubstituted xylan acting as acceptor.
      Further analysis of the radiolabeled product formed in the presence of
      unlabeled UDP-Xyl revealed that it had an apparent molecular mass of
      approximately 500 kD. Furthermore, the total incorporation of [(14)C]Ara
      was dependent on the time of incubation and the amount of Golgi protein
      used. AX-AraT activity had a pH optimum at 6, and required the presence of
      divalent cations, Mn(2+) being the most efficient. In the absence of
      UDP-Xyl, a single arabinosylated protein with an apparent molecular mass
      of 40 kD was radiolabeled. The [(14)C]Ara labeling became reversible by
      adding unlabeled UDP-Xyl to the reaction medium. The possible role of this
      protein in arabinoxylan biosynthesis is discussed.
AD  - Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant Biology, The Royal
      Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen,
      Denmark.
FAU - Porchia, Andrea Celia
AU  - Porchia AC
FAU - Sorensen, Susanne Oxenboll
AU  - Sorensen SO
FAU - Scheller, Henrik Vibe
AU  - Scheller HV
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Carbon Radioisotopes)
RN  - 0 (Uridine Diphosphate Sugars)
RN  - 0 (Xylans)
RN  - 0 (Xylose)
RN  - 14697-41-7 (uridine diphosphate arabinose)
RN  - 9040-27-1 (arabinoxylan)
RN  - EC 2.4.2. (Pentosyltransferases)
RN  - EC 2.4.2.- (arabinosyltransferase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbon Radioisotopes
MH  - Chromatography, Gel
MH  - Golgi Apparatus/enzymology/*metabolism
MH  - Intracellular Membranes/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Pentosyltransferases/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Triticum/drug effects/*enzymology/metabolism
MH  - Uridine Diphosphate Sugars/pharmacology
MH  - Xylans/*biosynthesis
MH  - Xylose/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.003400 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):432-41.

PMID- 12226523
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Patterns of expression and normalized levels of the five Arabidopsis
      phytochromes.
PG  - 442-56
AB  - Using monoclonal antibodies specific for each apoprotein and full-length
      purified apoprotein standards, the levels of the five Arabidopsis
      phytochromes and their patterns of expression in seedlings and mature
      plants and under different light conditions have been characterized.
      Phytochrome levels are normalized to the DNA content of the various tissue
      extracts to approximate normalization to the number of cells in the
      tissue. One phytochrome, phytochrome A, is highly light labile. The other
      four phytochromes are much more light stable, although among these,
      phytochromes B and C are reduced 4- to 5-fold in red- or white-light-grown
      seedlings compared with dark-grown seedlings. The total amount of
      extractable phytochrome is 23-fold lower in light-grown than dark-grown
      tissues, and the percent ratios of the five phytochromes, A:B:C:D:E, are
      measured as 85:10:2:1.5:1.5 in etiolated seedlings and 5:40:15:15:25 in
      seedlings grown in continuous white light. The four light-stable
      phytochromes are present at nearly unchanging levels throughout the course
      of development of mature rosette and reproductive-stage plants and are
      present in leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Phytochrome protein
      expression patterns over the course of seed germination and under diurnal
      and circadian light cycles are also characterized. Little cycling in
      response to photoperiod is observed, and this very low amplitude cycling
      of some phytochrome proteins is out of phase with previously reported
      cycling of PHY mRNA levels. These studies indicate that, with the
      exception of phytochrome A, the family of phytochrome photoreceptors in
      Arabidopsis constitutes a quite stable and very broadly distributed array
      of sensory molecules.
AD  - Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 ABS Building,
      Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717-3140, USA.
      sharrock@montana.edu
FAU - Sharrock, Robert A
AU  - Sharrock RA
FAU - Clack, Ted
AU  - Clack T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Apoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Plant)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (phyA phytochrome)
RN  - 0 (phytochrome C, Arabidopsis)
RN  - 0 (phytochrome E)
RN  - 11121-56-5 (Phytochrome)
RN  - 136250-22-1 (phyB phytochrome)
RN  - 158379-16-9 (PHYD protein, Arabidopsis)
SB  - IM
MH  - Apoproteins/metabolism
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics/*metabolism/radiation effects
MH  - Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Circadian Rhythm/physiology
MH  - DNA, Plant/genetics/metabolism/radiation effects
MH  - Darkness
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/radiation effects
MH  - Germination/physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Light
MH  - *Photoreceptors
MH  - Phytochrome/*metabolism
MH  - Plant Shoots/growth & development/metabolism/radiation effects
MH  - Seeds/growth & development/metabolism/radiation effects
MH  - *Transcription Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005389 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):442-56.

PMID- 12226524
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Characterization of a strong dominant phytochrome A mutation unique to
      phytochrome A signal propagation.
PG  - 457-65
AB  - Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a strong
      dominant-negative phytochrome A (phyA) mutation (phyA-300D) in
      Arabidopsis. This mutation carries a single amino acid substitution at
      residue 631, from valine to methionine (V631M), in the core region within
      the C-terminal half of PHYA. This PHYA core region contains two
      protein-interactive motifs, PAS1 and PAS2. Val-631 is located within the
      PAS1 motif. The phyA-V631M mutant protein is photochemically active and
      accumulates to a level similar to wild type in dark-grown seedlings.
      Overexpression of PHYA-V631M in a wild-type background results in a
      dominant-negative interference with endogenous wild-type phyA, whereas
      PHYA-V631M in a phyA null mutant background is inactive. To investigate
      the specificity of this mutation within the phytochrome family, the
      corresponding amino acid substitution (V664M) was created in the
      PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB) polypeptide. We found that the phyB-V664M mutant
      protein is physiologically active in phyB mutant and causes no interfering
      effect in a wild-type background. Together, our results reveal a unique
      feature in phyA signal propagation through the C-terminal core region.
AD  - Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale
      University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511-8104, USA.
FAU - Fry, Rebecca C
AU  - Fry RC
FAU - Habashi, Jessica
AU  - Habashi J
FAU - Okamoto, Haruko
AU  - Okamoto H
FAU - Deng, Xing Wang
AU  - Deng XW
LA  - eng
GR  - GM47850/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (phyA phytochrome)
RN  - 11121-56-5 (Phytochrome)
RN  - 136250-22-1 (phyB phytochrome)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alleles
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Arabidopsis/*genetics/physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Darkness
MH  - Genes, Dominant
MH  - Hypocotyl/growth & development
MH  - Light
MH  - Mutation, Missense
MH  - *Photoreceptors
MH  - Phytochrome/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Signal Transduction/genetics/radiation effects
MH  - *Transcription Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005264 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):457-65.

PMID- 12226525
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Characterization of an acyltransferase capable of synthesizing
      benzylbenzoate and other volatile esters in flowers and damaged leaves of
      Clarkia breweri.
PG  - 466-76
AB  - A cDNA encoding a protein with 456 amino acids whose sequence shows
      considerable similarity to plant acyltransferases was identified among 750
      Clarkia breweri flower expressed sequence tags. The cDNA was expressed in
      Escherichia coli, and the protein produced was shown to encode the enzyme
      benzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA):benzyl alcohol benzoyl transferase (BEBT). BEBT
      catalyzes the formation of benzylbenzoate, a minor constituent of the C.
      breweri floral aroma, but it also has activity with a number of other
      alcohols and acyl CoAs. The BEBT gene is expressed in different parts of
      the flowers with maximal RNA transcript levels in the stigma, and no
      expression was observed in the leaves under normal conditions. However,
      BEBT expression was induced in damaged leaves, reaching a maximum 6 h
      after damage occurred. We also show here that a closely related tobacco
      (Nicotiana tabacum) gene previously shown to be induced in leaves after
      being challenged by phytopathogenic bacteria also has BEBT activity,
      whereas the most similar protein to BEBT in the Arabidopsis proteome does
      not use benzoyl CoA as a substrate and instead can use acetyl CoA to
      catalyze the formation of cis-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, a green-leaf volatile.
AD  - Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University
      of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA.
FAU - D'Auria, John C
AU  - D'Auria JC
FAU - Chen, Feng
AU  - Chen F
FAU - Pichersky, Eran
AU  - Pichersky E
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF500200
GR  - 5 T32 GM07544/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Benzoates)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Esters)
RN  - 120-51-4 (benzyl benzoate)
RN  - EC 2.3. (Acyltransferases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acyltransferases/*genetics/isolation & purification/metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Arabidopsis/genetics
MH  - Benzoates/*metabolism
MH  - DNA, Complementary/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Escherichia coli/genetics
MH  - Esters
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Immunoblotting
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Onagraceae/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Plant Leaves/metabolism
MH  - Plant Stems/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Stress, Mechanical
MH  - Substrate Specificity
MH  - Tobacco/genetics
MH  - Volatilization
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.006460 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):466-76.

PMID- 12226526
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Cloning and functional characterization of a beta-pinene synthase from
      Artemisia annua that shows a circadian pattern of expression.
PG  - 477-86
AB  - Artemisia annua plants produce a broad range of volatile compounds,
      including monoterpenes, which contribute to the characteristic fragrance
      of this medicinal species. A cDNA clone, QH6, contained an open reading
      frame encoding a 582-amino acid protein that showed high sequence identity
      to plant monoterpene synthases. The prokaryotically expressed QH6 fusion
      protein converted geranyl diphosphate to (-)-beta-pinene and
      (-)-alpha-pinene in a 94:6 ratio. QH6 was predominantly expressed in
      juvenile leaves 2 weeks postsprouting. QH6 transcript levels were
      transiently reduced following mechanical wounding or fungal elicitor
      treatment, suggesting that this gene is not directly involved in defense
      reaction induced by either of these treatments. Under a photoperiod of 12
      h/12 h (light/dark), the abundance of QH6 transcripts fluctuated in a
      diurnal pattern that ebbed around 3 h before daybreak (9th h in the dark
      phase) and peaked after 9 h in light (9th h in the light phase). The
      contents of (-)-beta-pinene in juvenile leaves and in emitted volatiles
      also varied in a diurnal rhythm, correlating strongly with mRNA
      accumulation. When A. annua was entrained by constant light or constant
      dark conditions, QH6 transcript accumulation continued to fluctuate with
      circadian rhythms. Under constant light, advanced cycles of fluctuation of
      QH6 transcript levels were observed, and under constant dark, the cycle
      was delayed. However, the original diurnal pattern could be regained when
      the plants were returned to the normal light/dark (12 h/12 h) photoperiod.
      This is the first report that monoterpene biosynthesis is
      transcriptionally regulated in a circadian pattern.
AD  - National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant
      Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
FAU - Lu, Shan
AU  - Lu S
FAU - Xu, Ran
AU  - Xu R
FAU - Jia, Jun-Wei
AU  - Jia JW
FAU - Pang, Jihai
AU  - Pang J
FAU - Matsuda, Seiichi P T
AU  - Matsuda SP
FAU - Chen, Xiao-Ya
AU  - Chen XY
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AF276072
GR  - AI41598/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Bicyclo Compounds)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Complementary)
RN  - 0 (Monoterpenes)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 127-91-3 (beta-pinene)
RN  - 80-56-8 (alpha-pinene)
RN  - EC 5.5 (Intramolecular Lyases)
RN  - EC 5.5.- (pinene cyclase I)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Artemisia annua/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Bicyclo Compounds/metabolism
MH  - Circadian Rhythm/*physiology
MH  - Cloning, Molecular
MH  - DNA, Complementary/chemistry/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Intramolecular Lyases/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Light
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Monoterpenes/metabolism
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Plant Leaves/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Stems/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - Transcription Factors/genetics/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.006544 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):477-86.

PMID- 12226527
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Nitric oxide negatively modulates wound signaling in tomato plants.
PG  - 487-93
AB  - Synthesis of proteinase inhibitor I protein in response to wounding in
      leaves of excised tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants was inhibited by
      NO donors sodium nitroprusside and S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine. The
      inhibition was reversed by supplying the plants with the NO scavenger
      2-(4-carboxiphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. NO also
      blocked the hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production and proteinase
      inhibitor synthesis that was induced by systemin, oligouronides, and
      jasmonic acid (JA). However, H(2)O(2) generated by glucose oxidase and
      glucose was not blocked by NO, nor was H(2)O(2)-induced proteinase
      inhibitor synthesis. Although the expression of proteinase inhibitor genes
      in response to JA was inhibited by NO, the expression of wound
      signaling-associated genes was not. The inhibition of wound-inducible
      H(2)O(2) generation and proteinase inhibitor gene expression by NO was not
      due to an increase in salicylic acid, which is known to inhibit the
      octadecanoid pathway. Instead, NO appears to be interacting directly with
      the signaling pathway downstream from JA synthesis, upstream of H(2)O(2)
      synthesis. The results suggest that NO may have a role in down-regulating
      the expression of wound-inducible defense genes during pathogenesis.
AD  - Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman,
      Washington 99164-6340, USA.
FAU - Orozco-Cardenas, Martha L
AU  - Orozco-Cardenas ML
FAU - Ryan, Clarence A
AU  - Ryan CA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Benzoates)
RN  - 0 (Cyclopentanes)
RN  - 0 (Imidazoles)
RN  - 0 (Nitric Oxide Donors)
RN  - 0 (Oligosaccharides)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (oligogalacturonic acid)
RN  - 10102-43-9 (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 137181-56-7 (systemin)
RN  - 145757-47-7
      (1,3-dihydroxy-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4-carboxyphenyl)tetrahydroimidazole)
RN  - 15078-28-1 (Nitroprusside)
RN  - 37228-81-2 (proteinase inhibitor I (plants))
RN  - 6894-38-8 (jasmonic acid)
RN  - 7722-84-1 (Hydrogen Peroxide)
RN  - 79032-48-7 (S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzoates/pharmacology
MH  - Cyclopentanes/pharmacology
MH  - Hydrogen Peroxide/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Imidazoles/pharmacology
MH  - Lycopersicon esculentum/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Nitric Oxide/physiology
MH  - Nitric Oxide Donors/*pharmacology
MH  - Nitroprusside/pharmacology
MH  - Oligosaccharides/pharmacology
MH  - Peptides/pharmacology
MH  - Plant Proteins/biosynthesis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine/pharmacology
MH  - Signal Transduction/*drug effects
MH  - Stress, Mechanical
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.008375 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):487-93.

PMID- 12226528
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Resistance of cultivated tomato to cell content-feeding herbivores is
      regulated by the octadecanoid-signaling pathway.
PG  - 494-503
AB  - The octadecanoid signaling pathway has been shown to play an important
      role in plant defense against various chewing insects and some pathogenic
      fungi. Here, we examined the interaction of a cell-content feeding
      arachnid herbivore, the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae
      Koch), with cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and an isogenic
      mutant line (defenseless-1 [def-1]) that is deficient in the biosynthesis
      of the octadecanoid pathway-derived signal, jasmonic acid (JA). Spider
      mite feeding and fecundity on def-1 plants was significantly greater than
      on wild-type plants. Decreased resistance of def-1 plants was correlated
      with reduced JA accumulation and expression of defensive proteinase
      inhibitor (PI) genes, which were induced in mite-damaged wild-type leaves.
      Treatment of def-1 plants with methyl-JA restored resistance to spider
      mite feeding and reduced the fecundity of female mites. Plants expressing
      a 35S::prosystemin transgene that constitutively activates the
      octadecanoid pathway in a Def-1-dependent manner were highly resistant to
      attack by spider mites and western flower thrips (Frankliniella
      occidentalis), another cell-content feeder of economic importance. These
      findings indicate that activation of the octadecanoid signaling pathway
      promotes resistance of tomato to a broad spectrum of herbivores. The
      techniques of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and bulk
      segregant analysis were used to map the Def-1 gene to a region on the long
      arm of chromosome 3 that is genetically separable from the map position of
      known JA biosynthetic genes. Tight linkage of Def-1 to a T-DNA insertion
      harboring the maize (Zea mays) Dissociation transposable element suggests
      a strategy for directed transposon tagging of the gene.
AD  - Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University,
      East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
FAU - Li, Chuanyou
AU  - Li C
FAU - Williams, Mark M
AU  - Williams MM
FAU - Loh, Ying-Tsu
AU  - Loh YT
FAU - Lee, Gyu In
AU  - Lee GI
FAU - Howe, Gregg A
AU  - Howe GA
LA  - eng
GR  - GM57795/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Acetic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Cyclopentanes)
RN  - 0 (Plant Growth Regulators)
RN  - 0 (Stearic Acids)
RN  - 1211-29-6 (methyl jasmonate)
RN  - 57-11-4 (stearic acid)
RN  - 6894-38-8 (jasmonic acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetic Acids/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arachnida/*growth & development
MH  - Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Cyclopentanes/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Genotype
MH  - Immunity, Natural/drug effects
MH  - Insects/growth & development
MH  - Lycopersicon esculentum/drug effects/genetics/*parasitology
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Plant Diseases/genetics/*parasitology
MH  - Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction/*physiology
MH  - Stearic Acids/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005314 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):494-503.

PMID- 12226529
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020912
DCOM- 20021209
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0032-0889
VI  - 130
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep
TI  - Regulation of transcript levels of the Arabidopsis cytochrome p450 genes
      involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis.
PG  - 504-13
AB  - Cytochrome P450 enzymes of the closely related CYP90 and CYP85 families
      catalyze essential oxidative reactions in the biosynthesis of
      brassinosteroid (BR) hormones. Arabidopsis CYP90B1/DWF4 and CYP90A1/CPD
      are responsible for respective C-22 and C-23 hydroxylation of the steroid
      side chain and CYP85A1 catalyzes C-6 oxidation of 6-deoxo intermediates,
      whereas the functions of CYP90C1/ROT3, CYP90D1, and CYP85A2 are still
      unknown. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
      analyses show that transcript levels of CYP85 and CYP90 genes are
      down-regulated by brassinolide, the end product of the BR biosynthesis
      pathway. Feedback control of the CYP90C1, CYP90D1, and CYP85A2 genes by
      brassinolide suggests that the corresponding enzymes might also
      participate in BR synthesis. CYP85 and CYP90 mRNAs show strong and
      transient accumulation during the 1st week of seedling development, as
      well as characteristic organ-specific distribution. Transcripts of CYP90A1
      and CYP85A2 are preferentially represented in shoots and CYP90C1, CYP90D1,
      and CYP85A1 mRNAs are more abundant in roots, whereas CYP90B1 is
      ubiquitously expressed. Remarkably, the spatial pattern of CYP90A1
      expression is maintained in the BR-insensitive cbb2 mutant, indicating the
      independence of organ-specific and BR-dependent regulation. Quantitative
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of endogenous BRs in shoots
      and roots of Arabidopsis, pea (Pisum sativum), and tomato (Lycopersicon
      esculentum) reveal similar partitioning patterns of BR intermediates in
      these species. Inverse correlation between CYP90A1/CPD transcript levels
      and the amounts of the CYP90A1 substrate 6-deoxocathasterone in shoots and
      roots suggests that transcriptional regulation plays an important role in
      controlling BR biosynthesis.
AD  - Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian
      Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
FAU - Bancos, Simona
AU  - Bancos S
FAU - Nomura, Takahito
AU  - Nomura T
FAU - Sato, Tatsuro
AU  - Sato T
FAU - Molnar, Gergely
AU  - Molnar G
FAU - Bishop, Gerard J
AU  - Bishop GJ
FAU - Koncz, Csaba
AU  - Koncz C
FAU - Yokota, Takao
AU  - Yokota T
FAU - Nagy, Ferenc
AU  - Nagy F
FAU - Szekeres, Miklos
AU  - Szekeres M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JID - 0401224
RN  - 0 (Arabidopsis Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Cholestanols)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Steroids, Heterocyclic)
RN  - 72962-43-7 (brassinolide)
RN  - 9035-51-2 (Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System)
RN  - EC 1.14.- (CPD protein, Arabidopsis)
RN  - EC 1.14.- (Steroid Hydroxylases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/enzymology/*genetics/growth & development
MH  - *Arabidopsis Proteins
MH  - Cholestanols/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
MH  - Germination/genetics
MH  - Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Peas/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Plant Roots/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plant Shoots/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Seeds/genetics/growth & development/metabolism
MH  - Steroid Hydroxylases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Steroids, Heterocyclic/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
EDAT- 2002/09/13 10:00
MHDA- 2002/12/10 04:00
AID - 10.1104/pp.005439 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol 2002 Sep;130(1):504-13.

PMID- 12323077
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
DA  - 20020926
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep 12
TI  - Specificity of DNA triple helix formation analyzed by a FRET assay.
PG  - 27
AB  - BACKGROUND: A third DNA strand can bind into the major groove of a
      homopurine duplex DNA to form a DNA triple helix. Sequence specific
      triplex formation can be applied for gene targeting, gene silencing and
      mutagenesis. RESULTS: We have analyzed triplex formation of two polypurine
      triplex forming oligodeoxynucleotides (TFOs) using fluorescence resonance
      energy transfer (FRET). Under our conditions, the TFOs bind to their
      cognate double strand DNAs with binding constants of 2.6 x 105 and 2.3 x
      106 M-1. Our data confirm that the polypurine TFO binds in an antiparallel
      orientation with respect to the polypurine DNA strand and that triplex
      formation requires Mg2+ions whereas it is inhibited by K+ions. The rate of
      formation of triple helices is slow with bimolecular rate constants of 5.6
      x 104 and 8.1 x 104 min-1 M-1. Triplex dissociation was not detectable
      over at least 30 hours. Triplex formation is sequence specific; alteration
      of a single base pair within the 13 base pairs long TFOs prevents
      detectable triplex formation. CONCLUSION: We have applied a FRET assay to
      investigate the specificity of DNA triple helix formation. This assay is
      homogeneous, continuous and specific, because the appearance of the FRET
      signal is directly correlated to triplex formation. We show that
      polypurine TFOs bind highly specifically to polypurine stretches in double
      stranded DNA. This is a prerequisite for biotechnical applications of
      triple helices to mediate sequence specific recognition of DNA.
AD  - Institut fur Biochemie, FB8 Justus-Liebig-Universitat Heinrich-Buff-Ring
      58 35392 Giessen Germany. albert.jeltsch@chemie.bio.uni-giessen.de
AU  - Reither S
AU  - Jeltsch A
LA  - ENG
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
EDAT- 2002/09/27 06:00
MHDA- 2002/09/27 06:00
PHST- 2002/08/28 [received]
PHST- 2002/09/12 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/09/12 [aheadofprint]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Sep 12;3(1):27.

PMID- 12350235
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep 12
TI  - Prolonged exposure of chromaffin cells to nitric oxide down-regulates the
      activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase and corresponding mRNA and protein
      levels.
PG  - 26
AB  - BACKGROUND: Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the main receptor for nitric
      oxide (NO) when the latter is produced at low concentrations. This enzyme
      exists mainly as a heterodimer consisting of one alpha and one beta
      subunit and converts GTP to the second intracellular messenger cGMP. In
      turn, cGMP plays a key role in regulating several physiological processes
      in the nervous system. The aim of the present study was to explore the
      effects of a NO donor on sGC activity and its protein and subunit mRNA
      levels in a neural cell model. RESULTS: Continuous exposure of bovine
      adrenal chromaffin cells in culture to the nitric oxide donor,
      diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA/NO), resulted in a lower capacity of the
      cells to synthesize cGMP in response to a subsequent NO stimulus. This
      effect was not prevented by an increase of intracellular reduced
      glutathione level. DETA/NO treatment decreased sGC subunit mRNA and beta1
      subunit protein levels. Both sGC activity and beta1 subunit levels
      decreased more rapidly in chromaffin cells exposed to NO than in cells
      exposed to the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, suggesting that
      NO decreases beta1 subunit stability. The presence of cGMP-dependent
      protein kinase (PKG) inhibitors effectively prevented the DETA/NO-induced
      down regulation of sGC subunit mRNA and partially inhibited the reduction
      in beta1 subunits. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that activation of
      PKG mediates the drop in sGC subunit mRNA levels, and that NO
      down-regulates sGC activity by decreasing subunit mRNA levels through a
      cGMP-dependent mechanism, and by reducing beta1 subunit stability.
AD  - Departamento de Bioquimica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad
      Complutense, 28040-Madrid, Spain. rutfb@yahoo.es
FAU - Ferrero, Rut
AU  - Ferrero R
FAU - Torres, Magdalena
AU  - Torres M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020912
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Nitric Oxide Donors)
RN  - 0 (Nitroso Compounds)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 146724-94-9 (2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine)
RN  - 60-92-4 (Cyclic AMP)
RN  - EC 4.6.1.2 (Guanylate Cyclase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chromaffin Cells/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Cyclic AMP/metabolism/pharmacology
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide Donors/*pharmacology
MH  - Nitroso Compounds/*pharmacology
MH  - RNA, Messenger/*drug effects/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Solubility
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/06/12 [received]
PHST- 2002/09/12 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/09/12 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Sep 12;3(1):26.

PMID- 12351358
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020927
DCOM- 20021017
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1468-5833
VI  - 325
IP  - 7366
DP  - 2002 Sep 28
TI  - Using standardised patients to measure physicians' practice: validation
      study using audio recordings.
PG  - 679
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of standardised patients to measure the
      quality of physicians' practice. DESIGN: Validation study of standardised
      patients' assessments. Physicians saw unannounced standardised patients
      presenting with common outpatient conditions. The standardised patients
      covertly tape recorded their visit and completed a checklist of quality
      criteria immediately afterwards. Their assessments were compared against
      independent assessments of the recordings by a trained medical records
      abstractor. SETTING: Four general internal medicine primary care clinics
      in California. Participants: 144 randomly selected consenting physicians.
      MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of agreement between the patients'
      assessments and independent assessment. RESULTS: 40 visits, one per
      standardised patient, were recorded. The overall rate of agreement between
      the standardised patients' checklists and the independent assessment of
      the audio transcripts was 91% (kappa=0.81). Disaggregating the data by
      medical condition, site, level of physicians' training, and domain (stage
      of the consultation) gave similar rates of agreement. Sensitivity of the
      standardised patients' assessments was 95%, and specificity was 85%. The
      area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 90%.
      CONCLUSIONS: Standardised patients' assessments seem to be a valid measure
      of the quality of physicians' care for a variety of common medical
      conditions in actual outpatient settings. Properly trained standardised
      patients compare well with independent assessment of recordings of the
      consultations and may justify their use as a "gold standard" in comparing
      the quality of care across sites or evaluating data obtained from other
      sources, such as medical records and clinical vignettes.
AD  - Veterans Administration, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, 11 301
      Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
FAU - Luck, Jeff
AU  - Luck J
FAU - Peabody, John W
AU  - Peabody JW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PT  - Validation Studies
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ
JID - 8900488
SB  - AIM
SB  - IM
CIN - BMJ. 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):672. PMID: 12351345
MH  - California
MH  - *Clinical Competence
MH  - Humans
MH  - Patient Satisfaction
MH  - *Patient Simulation
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Tape Recording
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/18 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):679.

PMID- 12351359
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020927
DCOM- 20021017
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1468-5833
VI  - 325
IP  - 7366
DP  - 2002 Sep 28
TI  - Spontaneous talking time at start of consultation in outpatient clinic:
      cohort study.
PG  - 682-3
AD  - Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine,
      University Hospital, CH-4031 Basle, Switzerland. wlangewitz@uhbs.ch
FAU - Langewitz, Wolf
AU  - Langewitz W
FAU - Denz, Martin
AU  - Denz M
FAU - Keller, Anne
AU  - Keller A
FAU - Kiss, Alexander
AU  - Kiss A
FAU - Ruttimann, Sigmund
AU  - Ruttimann S
FAU - Wossmer, Brigitta
AU  - Wossmer B
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ
JID - 8900488
SB  - AIM
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Ambulatory Care/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - *Communication
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Physician-Patient Relations
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Switzerland
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/18 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):682-3.

PMID- 12351360
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020927
DCOM- 20021017
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1468-5833
VI  - 325
IP  - 7366
DP  - 2002 Sep 28
TI  - Women's attitudes to the sex of medical students in a gynaecology clinic:
      cross sectional survey.
PG  - 683-4
AD  - Department of General Practice and Primary Care, Guy's, King's, and St
      Thomas's School of Medicine, London SE11 6SP. norma.o'flynn@kcl.ac.uk
FAU - O'Flynn, Norma
AU  - O'Flynn N
FAU - Rymer, Janice
AU  - Rymer J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ
JID - 8900488
SB  - AIM
SB  - IM
CIN - BMJ. 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):683-4. PMID: 12358014
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - *Attitude
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Gynecology/*education
MH  - Humans
MH  - London
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Sex
MH  - *Students, Medical
MH  - Women/*psychology
MH  - *Women's Health Services
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/18 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):683-4.

PMID- 12351361
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020927
DCOM- 20021017
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1468-5833
VI  - 325
IP  - 7366
DP  - 2002 Sep 28
TI  - UK senior doctors' career destinations, job satisfaction, and future
      intentions: questionnaire survey.
PG  - 685-6
AD  - UK Medical Careers Research Group, Unit of Health-Care Epidemiology,
      Department of Public Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF.
FAU - Davidson, Jean M
AU  - Davidson JM
FAU - Lambert, Trevor W
AU  - Lambert TW
FAU - Goldacre, Michael J
AU  - Goldacre MJ
FAU - Parkhouse, James
AU  - Parkhouse J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ
JID - 8900488
SB  - AIM
SB  - IM
CIN - BMJ. 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):685-6. PMID: 12358015
EIN - BMJ 2002 Nov 9;325(7372):1089
MH  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - *Career Mobility
MH  - Female
MH  - Great Britain
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Job Satisfaction
MH  - Male
MH  - Medical Staff, Hospital/*psychology
MH  - Physicians, Family/*psychology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - State Medicine
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/18 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):685-6.

PMID- 12351362
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020927
DCOM- 20021017
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1468-5833
VI  - 325
IP  - 7366
DP  - 2002 Sep 28
TI  - Patients' perceptions of entitlement to time in general practice
      consultations for depression: qualitative study.
PG  - 687
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate patients' perceptions of entitlement to time in
      general practice consultations for depression. DESIGN: Qualitative study
      based on interviews with patients with mild to moderate depression.
      SETTING: Eight general practices in the West Midlands and the regional
      membership of the Depression Alliance. PARTICIPANTS: 32 general practice
      patients and 30 respondents from the Depression Alliance. RESULTS: An
      intense sense of time pressure and a self imposed rationing of time in
      consultations were key concerns among the interviewees. Anxiety about time
      affected patients' freedom to talk about their problems. Patients took
      upon themselves part of the responsibility for managing time in the
      consultation to relieve the burden they perceived their doctors to be
      working under. Respondents' accounts often showed a mismatch between their
      own sense of time entitlement and the doctors' capacity to respond
      flexibly and constructively in offering extended consultation time when
      this was necessary. Patients valued time to talk and would often have
      liked more, but they did not necessarily associate length of consultation
      with quality. The impression doctors gave in handling time in
      consultations sent strong messages about legitimising the patients'
      illness and their decision to consult. CONCLUSIONS: Patients' self imposed
      restraint in taking up doctors' time has important consequences for the
      recognition and treatment of depression. Doctors need to have a greater
      awareness of patients' anxieties about time and should move to allay such
      anxieties by pre-emptive reassurance and reinforcing patients' sense of
      entitlement to time. Far from acting as "consumers," patients voluntarily
      assume responsibility for conserving scarce resources in a health service
      that they regard as a collective rather than a personal resource.
AD  - Department of Medicines Management, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG.
      k.pollock@keele.ac.uk
FAU - Pollock, Kristian
AU  - Pollock K
FAU - Grime, Janet
AU  - Grime J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ
JID - 8900488
SB  - AIM
SB  - IM
CIN - BMJ. 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):687. PMID: 12358016
MH  - Communication
MH  - Depressive Disorder/*therapy
MH  - England
MH  - Family Practice/*organization & administration
MH  - Humans
MH  - Patient Satisfaction
MH  - Physician-Patient Relations
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/18 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):687.

PMID- 12351363
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020927
DCOM- 20021017
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1468-5833
VI  - 325
IP  - 7366
DP  - 2002 Sep 28
TI  - Patient centredness in the MRCGP video examination: analysis of large
      cohort. Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners.
PG  - 691-2
AD  - Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Postgraduate School of
      Medicine, University of Hull, Willerby HU10 6NS. p.d.campion@hull.ac.uk
FAU - Campion, Peter
AU  - Campion P
FAU - Foulkes, John
AU  - Foulkes J
FAU - Neighbour, Roger
AU  - Neighbour R
FAU - Tate, Peter
AU  - Tate P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ
JID - 8900488
SB  - AIM
SB  - IM
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Educational Measurement/*methods
MH  - Family Practice/*education
MH  - Great Britain
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Patient-Centered Care
MH  - Videotape Recording
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/18 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):691-2.

PMID- 12351364
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20020927
DCOM- 20021017
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1468-5833
VI  - 325
IP  - 7366
DP  - 2002 Sep 28
TI  - Competency based medical training: review.
PG  - 693-6
AD  - Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich
      NR4 7TJ. wai_chingleung@hotmail.com
FAU - Leung, Wai-Ching
AU  - Leung WC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ
JID - 8900488
SB  - AIM
SB  - IM
CIN - BMJ. 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):693-6. PMID: 12358017
MH  - *Competency-Based Education
MH  - Education, Medical, Graduate/*organization & administration
MH  - Great Britain
MH  - Humans
MH  - Teaching/methods
EDAT- 2002/09/28 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/18 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ 2002 Sep 28;325(7366):693-6.

PMID- 12359833
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Recognition memory for single items and for associations is similarly
      impaired following damage to the hippocampal region.
PG  - 238-42
AB  - The formation of new associations between items is critical for
      establishing episodic memories. It has been suggested that the hippocampus
      is essential for creating such associations but is not involved, or is
      much less involved, in memory for single items. In Experiment 1, we tested
      controls and amnesic patients with bilateral lesions thought to be limited
      primarily to the hippocampal region in both single-item and associative
      recognition memory tasks. In the single-item task, a conventional
      recognition memory task was administered in which participants studied
      either houses or faces and were tested for their ability to recognize the
      individual items. In the associative task, participants studied paired
      pictures of houses and faces with instructions that encouraged associating
      the two stimuli, and were tested for their ability to recognize the
      specific pairings that were presented at study. Like the controls, the
      amnesic patients performed more poorly on the associative task. Relative
      to the controls, the amnesic patients were impaired to a similar extent on
      the single-item and associative tasks. In Experiment 2, the performance of
      the amnesic patients was improved by increasing the number of
      presentations of the study lists (eight presentations instead of one). On
      both the single-item and associative tests, the performance of the amnesic
      patients after eight presentations was now identical to the performance of
      the controls who had been given only one presentation of the study list.
      Thus, the associative condition was not disproportionally difficult for
      the amnesic patients. These results are consistent with the idea that the
      hippocampus is similarly involved in single-item and associative memory.
AD  - Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences and of Neuroscience, Johns
      Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.
FAU - Stark, Craig E L
AU  - Stark CE
FAU - Bayley, Peter J
AU  - Bayley PJ
FAU - Squire, Larry R
AU  - Squire LR
LA  - eng
GR  - MH12278/MH/NIMH
GR  - MH24600/MH/NIMH
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amnesia/*physiopathology
MH  - Association Learning/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hippocampus/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
MH  - Recognition (Psychology)/*physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Temporal Lobe/physiology
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.51802 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):238-42.

PMID- 12359834
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Overexpression of hAPPswe impairs rewarded alternation and contextual fear
      conditioning in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
PG  - 243-52
AB  - One of the hallmarks of the pathology in Alzheimer's disease is the
      deposition of amyloid plaques throughout the brain, especially within the
      hippocampus and amygdala. Transgenic mice that overexpress the Swedish
      mutation of human amyloid precursor protein (hAPPswe; Tg2576) show
      age-dependent memory deficits in hippocampus-dependent learning tasks.
      However, the performance of aged Tg2576 mice in amygdala-dependent
      learning tasks has not been thoroughly assessed. We trained young (2-4 mo)
      and old (16-18 mo) Tg2576 and wild-type mice in a T-maze alternation task
      (hippocampus-dependent) and a Pavlovian fear-conditioning task (amygdala-
      and hippocampus-dependent). As previously reported, old Tg2576 mice showed
      impaired acquisition of rewarded alternation; none of these mice reached
      the criterion of at least five out of six correct responses over three
      consecutive days. In contrast, old Tg2576 mice showed normal levels of
      conditional freezing to an auditory conditional stimulus (CS) and acquired
      a contextual discrimination normally. However, when the salience of the
      fear-conditioning context was decreased, old (12-14 mo) Tg2576 mice were
      impaired at acquiring fear to the conditioning context, but not to the
      tone CS. Histological examination of a subset of the mice verified the
      existence of amyloid plaques in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of
      old, but not young, Tg2576 mice. Hence, learning and memory deficits in
      old Tg2576 mice are limited to hippocampus-dependent tasks, despite
      widespread amyloid deposition in cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala.
AD  - Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
      48109, USA.
FAU - Corcoran, Kevin A
AU  - Corcoran KA
FAU - Lu, Ye
AU  - Lu Y
FAU - Turner, R Scott
AU  - Turner RS
FAU - Maren, Stephen
AU  - Maren S
LA  - eng
GR  - MH57865/MH/NIMH
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
RN  - 0 (Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/genetics/*physiopathology
MH  - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/*genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/*physiology
MH  - Discrimination Learning/physiology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Electroshock
MH  - Fear/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Maze Learning/physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Reward
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.51002 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):243-52.

PMID- 12359835
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Plasticity of the human auditory cortex induced by discrimination learning
      of non-native, mora-timed contrasts of the Japanese language.
PG  - 253-67
AB  - In this magnetoencephalographic (MEG) study, we examined with high
      temporal resolution the traces of learning in the speech-dominant
      left-hemispheric auditory cortex as a function of newly trained
      mora-timing. In Japanese, the "mora" is a temporal unit that divides words
      into almost isochronous segments (e.g., na-ka-mu-ra and to-o-kyo-o each
      comprises four mora). Changes in the brain responses of a group of German
      and Japanese subjects to differences in the mora structure of Japanese
      words were compared. German subjects performed a discrimination training
      in 10 sessions of 1.5 h each day. They learned to discriminate Japanese
      pairs of words (in a consonant, anni-ani; and a vowel, kiyo-kyo,
      condition), where the second word was shortened by one mora in eight steps
      of 15 msec each. A significant increase in learning performance, as
      reflected by behavioral measures, was observed, accompanied by a
      significant increase of the amplitude of the Mismatch Negativity Field
      (MMF). The German subjects' hit rate for detecting durational deviants
      increased by up to 35%. Reaction times and MMF latencies decreased
      significantly across training sessions. Japanese subjects showed a more
      sensitive MMF to smaller differences. Thus, even in young adults,
      perceptual learning of non-native mora-timing occurs rapidly and deeply.
      The enhanced behavioral and neurophysiological sensitivity found after
      training indicates a strong relationship between learning and (plastic)
      changes in the cortical substrate.
AD  - Center for Biomagnetism, Institute of Experimental Audiology, Munster,
      Germany. hans.menning@uni-muenster.de
FAU - Menning, Hans
AU  - Menning H
FAU - Imaizumi, Satoshi
AU  - Imaizumi S
FAU - Zwitserlood, Pienie
AU  - Zwitserlood P
FAU - Pantev, Christo
AU  - Pantev C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Auditory Cortex/*physiology
MH  - Discrimination Learning/*physiology
MH  - Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Japan
MH  - *Language
MH  - Magnetoencephalography
MH  - Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology
MH  - Reaction Time/physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Speech Perception/physiology
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.49402 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):253-67.

PMID- 12359836
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Rapid adaptation to auditory-visual spatial disparity.
PG  - 268-78
AB  - The so-called ventriloquism aftereffect is a remarkable example of rapid
      adaptative changes in spatial localization caused by visual stimuli. After
      exposure to a consistent spatial disparity of auditory and visual stimuli,
      localization of sound sources is systematically shifted to correct for the
      deviation of the sound from visual positions during the previous
      adaptation period. In the present study, this aftereffect was induced by
      presenting, within 17 min, 1800 repetitive noise or pure-tone bursts in
      combination with synchronized, and 20 degrees disparate flashing light
      spots, in total darkness. Post-adaptive sound localization, measured by a
      method of manual pointing, was significantly shifted 2.4 degrees (noise),
      3.1 degrees (1 kHz tones), or 5.8 degrees (4 kHz tones) compared with the
      pre-adaptation condition. There was no transfer across frequencies; that
      is, shifts in localization were insignificant when the frequencies used
      for adaptation and the post-adaptation localization test were different.
      It is hypothesized that these aftereffects may rely on shifts in neural
      representations of auditory space with respect to those of visual space,
      induced by intersensory spatial disparity, and may thus reflect a
      phenomenon of neural short-term plasticity.
AD  - Fakultat fur Psychologie, Ruhr-Universitat, D-44780 Bochum, Germany.
      joerg.lewald@ruhr-uni-bochum.de
FAU - Lewald, Jorg
AU  - Lewald J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
SB  - IM
MH  - Acoustic Stimulation
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Illusions/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Photic Stimulation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sound Localization/*physiology
MH  - Visual Perception/physiology
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.51402 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):268-78.

PMID- 12359837
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Patterns of interference in sequence learning and prism adaptation
      inconsistent with the consolidation hypothesis.
PG  - 279-92
AB  - The studies reported here used an interference paradigm to determine
      whether a long-term consolidation process (i.e., one lasting from several
      hours to days) occurs in the learning of two implicit motor skills,
      learning of a movement sequence and learning of a visuo-motor mapping.
      Subjects learned one skill and were tested on that skill 48 h later.
      Between the learning session and test session, some subjects trained on a
      second skill. The amount of time between the learning of the two skills
      varied for different subjects. In both the learning of a movement sequence
      and the learning of a visuo-motor mapping, we found that remote memories
      were susceptible to interference, but the passage of time did not afford
      protection from interference. These results are inconsistent with the
      long-term consolidation of these motor skills. A possible difference
      between these tasks and those that do show long-term consolidation is that
      the present tasks are not dynamic motor skills.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington
      98447, USA. goedert@plu.edu
FAU - Goedert, Kelly M
AU  - Goedert KM
FAU - Willingham, Daniel B
AU  - Willingham DB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/*physiology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mental Recall/physiology
MH  - Perceptual Distortion/*physiology
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Visual Perception/*physiology
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.50102 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):279-92.

PMID- 12359838
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Memory consolidation for the discrimination of frequency-modulated tones
      in mongolian gerbils is sensitive to protein-synthesis inhibitors applied
      to the auditory cortex.
PG  - 293-303
AB  - Differential conditioning of Mongolian gerbils to linearly
      frequency-modulated tones (FM) has recently received experimental
      attention. In the study of the role of cerebral protein synthesis for FM
      discrimination memory, gerbils received post-training bilateral injections
      of anisomycin into the auditory cortex under light halothane anesthesia.
      Compared with saline-treated controls, anisomycin-treated gerbils showed a
      discrimination decrement during the subsequent three days of training.
      They markedly improved their performance within training sessions, but
      started each session at low levels. When repeatedly trained gerbils
      received post-session injections of anisomycin, discrimination performance
      during subsequent sessions was similar to the pre-injection performance,
      indicating that retention, retrieval, reconsolidation, and expression of
      the established reaction were not affected. However, the improvement of a
      partially established discrimination reaction was impaired after this
      treatment. Intracortical injections of emetine confirmed this finding.
      Neither drug affected FM discrimination learning when given several days
      before the initial training. Our results suggest that protein-synthesis
      inhibitors applied to the auditory cortex of gerbils during the
      post-acquisition phase interfered with learning and memory-related aspects
      of FM processing. The resulting deficit was evident for a number of
      post-injection training days. This effect was probably due to impaired
      consolidation, i.e., processes required for long-term stabilization or
      retrieval of the memory trace while leaving short-term memory intact.
AD  - Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, D-39008 Magdeburg, Germany.
FAU - Kraus, Michaela
AU  - Kraus M
FAU - Schicknick, Horst
AU  - Schicknick H
FAU - Wetzel, Wolfram
AU  - Wetzel W
FAU - Ohl, Frank
AU  - Ohl F
FAU - Staak, Sabine
AU  - Staak S
FAU - Tischmeyer, Wolfgang
AU  - Tischmeyer W
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
RN  - 0 (Protein Synthesis Inhibitors)
RN  - 22862-76-6 (Anisomycin)
RN  - 483-18-1 (Emetine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acoustic Stimulation
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anisomycin/*pharmacology
MH  - Auditory Cortex/drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Auditory Perception/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Discrimination Learning/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Emetine/pharmacology
MH  - Gerbillinae
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Microinjections
MH  - Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/*pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.47502 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):293-303.

PMID- 12359839
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Eyeblink classical conditioning and interpositus nucleus activity are
      disrupted in adult rats exposed to ethanol as neonates.
PG  - 304-20
AB  - Neonatal exposure to ethanol in rats, during the period of brain
      development comparable to that of the human third trimester, produces
      significant, dose-dependent cell loss in the cerebellum and deficits in
      coordinated motor performance. These rats are also impaired in eyeblink
      conditioning as weanlings and as adults. The current study examined
      single-unit neural activity in the interpositus nucleus of the cerebellum
      in adults following neonatal binge ethanol exposure. Group Ethanol
      received alcohol doses of 5.25 g/kg/day on postnatal days 4-9. Group Sham
      Intubated underwent acute intragastric intubation on postnatal days 4-9
      but did not receive any infusions. Group Unintubated Control (from
      separate litters) did not receive any intubations. When rats were 3-7 mo
      old, pairs of extracellular microelectrodes were implanted in the region
      of the interpositus nucleus. Beginning 1 wk later, the rats were given
      either 100 paired or 190 unpaired trials per day for 10 d followed by 4 d
      of 100 conditioned stimulus (CS)-alone trials per day. As in our previous
      study, conditioned response acquisition in Group Ethanol rats was
      impaired. In addition, by session 5 of paired acquisition, Group Sham
      Intubated and Group Unintubated Control showed significant increases in
      interpositus nucleus activity, relative to baseline, in the
      CS-unconditioned stimulus interval. In contrast, Group Ethanol failed to
      show significant changes in interpositus nucleus activity until later in
      training. These results indicate that the disruption in eyeblink
      conditioning after early exposure to ethanol is reflected in alterations
      in interpositus nucleus activity.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
      47405-7007, USA. jtgreen@indiana.edu
FAU - Green, John T
AU  - Green JT
FAU - Johnson, Timothy B
AU  - Johnson TB
FAU - Goodlett, Charles R
AU  - Goodlett CR
FAU - Steinmetz, Joseph E
AU  - Steinmetz JE
LA  - eng
GR  - AA11945/AA/NIAAA
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Depressants)
RN  - 64-17-5 (Ethanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Animals
MH  - Animals, Newborn
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Central Nervous System Depressants/blood/*pharmacology
MH  - Cerebellar Nuclei/drug effects/growth & development/*physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Eyelid/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Electrophysiology
MH  - Ethanol/blood/*pharmacology
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Long-Evans
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.47602 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):304-20.

PMID- 12359840
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Age-related impairment in the 250-millisecond delay eyeblink classical
      conditioning procedure in C57BL/6 mice.
PG  - 321-36
AB  - In this study we tested 4-, 9-, 12-, and 18-month-old C57BL/6 mice in the
      250-msec delay eyeblink classical conditioning procedure to study
      age-related changes in a form of associative learning. The short life
      expectancy of mice, complete knowledge about the mouse genome, and the
      availability of transgenic and knock-out mouse models of age-related
      impairments make the mouse an excellent species for expanding knowledge on
      the neurobiologically and behaviorally well-characterized eyeblink
      classical conditioning paradigm. Based on previous research with delay
      eyeblink conditioning in rabbits and humans, we predicted that mice would
      be impaired on this cerebellar-dependent associative learning task in
      middle-age, at ~9 months. To fully examine age differences in behavior in
      mice, we used a battery of additional behavioral measures with which to
      compare young and older mice. These behaviors included the acoustic
      startle response, prepulse inhibition, rotorod, and the Morris water maze.
      Mice began to show impairment in cerebellar-dependent tasks such as
      rotorod and eyeblink conditioning at 9 to 12 months of age. Performance in
      hippocampally dependent tasks was not impaired in any group, including
      18-month-old mice. These results in mice support results in other species,
      indicating that cerebellar-dependent tasks show age-related deficits
      earlier in adulthood than do hippocampally dependent tasks.
AD  - Research and Technology Development, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network,
      Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19141, USA.
FAU - Vogel, Richard W
AU  - Vogel RW
FAU - Ewers, Michael
AU  - Ewers M
FAU - Ross, Charlene
AU  - Ross C
FAU - Gould, Thomas J
AU  - Gould TJ
FAU - Woodruff-Pak, Diana S
AU  - Woodruff-Pak DS
LA  - eng
GR  - AG19411/AG/NIA
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
SB  - IM
MH  - Acoustic Stimulation
MH  - Aging/*physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/*physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Eyelid/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Maze Learning/physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Motor Activity/physiology
MH  - Musculoskeletal Equilibrium/physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Startle Reaction/physiology
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.50902 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):321-36.

PMID- 12359841
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Side-specificity of olfactory learning in the honeybee: US input side.
PG  - 337-48
AB  - In honeybees, Apis mellifera L., the proboscis extension reflex (PER) can
      be conditioned by associating an odor stimulus (CS) with a sucrose reward
      (US). As the neural structures involved in the detection and integration
      of CS and US are bilaterally symmetrical in the bee brain, we ask what
      respective role each brain side plays in the conditioning process. More
      specifically, the US normally used in conditioning experiments is the
      compound stimulation of the antennae (which triggers the PER) and of the
      proboscis (where bees lick the sucrose solution). Anatomically, the brain
      receives unilateral US input through each antenna, but bilateral input
      from the proboscis. By controlling each US component, we show that an
      antenna-US produces unilateral sensitization, whereas a proboscis-US or a
      compound-US induces bilateral sensitization. Bees can learn a unilateral
      odor CS with all three USs, but when a proboscis-US is used, new learning
      is inhibited on the contralateral side, owing to a possible US-preexposure
      effect. Furthermore, we show that the antenna-US induces both unilateral
      and bilateral reinforcement processes, whereas the proboscis-US produces
      only bilateral effects. Based on these data, we propose a functional model
      of the role of each brain side in processing lateralized CSs and USs in
      olfactory learning in honeybees.
AD  - Freie Universitat Berlin, Institut fur Biologie-Neurobiologie, 14195
      Berlin, Germany. sandoz@cict.fr
FAU - Sandoz, Jean-Christophe
AU  - Sandoz JC
FAU - Hammer, Martin
AU  - Hammer M
FAU - Menzel, Randolf
AU  - Menzel R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Association Learning/physiology
MH  - Bees/*physiology
MH  - Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology
MH  - Memory/physiology
MH  - Odors
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sense Organs/physiology
MH  - Smell/*physiology
MH  - Taste/physiology
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.50502 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):337-48.

PMID- 12359842
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021002
DCOM- 20021115
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1072-0502
VI  - 9
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Sep-Oct
TI  - Memories in drosophila heat-box learning.
PG  - 349-59
AB  - Learning and memory processes of operant conditioning in the heat-box are
      analyzed. In a search for conditioning parameters leading to high
      retention scores, intermittent training is shown to give better results
      than those of continuous training. Immediate retention tests contain two
      memory components, a spatial preference for one side of the chamber and a
      "stay-where-you-are-effect." Intermittent training strengthens the latter.
      In the second part, memory dynamics is investigated. Flies are trained in
      one chamber and tested in a second one after a brief reminder training.
      With this direct transfer, memory scores reflect an associative learning
      process in the first chamber. To investigate memory retention after
      extended time periods, indirect transfer experiments are performed. The
      fly is transferred to a different environment between training and test
      phases. With this procedure, an aftereffect of the training can still be
      observed 2 h later. Surprisingly, exposure to the chamber without
      conditioning also leads to a memory effect in the indirect transfer
      experiment. This exposure effect reveals a dispositional change that
      facilitates operant learning during the reminder training. The various
      memory effects are independent of the mushroom bodies.
AD  - Lehrstuhl fur Genetik und Neurobiologie, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D97074,
      Wuerzburg, Germany.
FAU - Putz, Gabriele
AU  - Putz G
FAU - Heisenberg, Martin
AU  - Heisenberg M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Learn Mem
JID - 9435678
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Association Learning/physiology
MH  - Conditioning (Psychology)/*physiology
MH  - Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology
MH  - Environment Design
MH  - Female
MH  - *Heat
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/*physiology
MH  - Motor Activity/physiology
MH  - Mushroom Bodies/physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2002/10/03 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
AID - 10.1101/lm.50402 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Learn Mem 2002 Sep-Oct;9(5):349-59.

PMID- 12361478
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Oct 2
TI  - Socio-demographic factors and self-reported functional status: the
      significance of social support.
PG  - 20
AB  - BACKGROUND: The aim of the present work was to investigate the relative
      importance of socio-demographic and physical health status factors for
      subjective functioning, as well as to examine the role of social support.
      METHODS: A cross-sectional health survey was carried out in a Greek
      municipality. 1356 adults of the general population were included in the
      study. Personal interviews were conducted with house-to-house visits. The
      response rate was 91.2%. Functioning has been measured by five indexes:
      'The Social Roles and Mobility' scale (SORM), 'The Self-Care Restrictions'
      scale (SCR), 'The Serious Limitations' scale (SL), 'The Minor Self-care
      Limitations' scale (MSCR) and 'The Minor Limitations in Social Roles and
      Mobility' scale (MSORM). RESULTS: Among the two sets of independent
      variables, the socio-demographic ones had significant influence on the
      functional status, except for MSORM. Allowing for these variables, the
      physical health status indicators had also significant effects on all
      functioning scales. Living arrangements and marital status had significant
      effects on four out of five indexes, while arthritis, Parkinson's disease,
      past stroke and kidney stones had significant effects on the SCR and SL
      scales. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that socio-demographic factors
      are as important as physical health variables in affecting a person's
      ability to function normally in their everyday life. Social support
      appears to play a significant role in explaining differences in subjective
      functioning: people living alone or only with the spouse, particularly the
      elderly, seem to be in greater risk for disability problems and should be
      targeted by preventive programs in the community.
AD  - Health Planning Division, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of
      Medicine, University of Crete, Greece. koukouli@med.uoc.gr
FAU - Koukouli, S
AU  - Koukouli S
FAU - Vlachonikolis, I G
AU  - Vlachonikolis IG
FAU - Philalithis, A
AU  - Philalithis A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20021002
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Activities of Daily Living/*classification
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Chronic Disease/epidemiology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Disabled Persons
MH  - Family Characteristics
MH  - Female
MH  - Greece/epidemiology
MH  - Health Services/utilization
MH  - *Health Status Indicators
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Physical Fitness
MH  - Regression Analysis
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - *Self Efficacy
MH  - *Social Support
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
EDAT- 2002/10/04 04:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2002/04/02 [received]
PHST- 2002/10/02 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/10/02 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Oct 2;2(1):20.

PMID- 12361483
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Oct 2
TI  - The PEST sequence does not contribute to the stability of the cystic
      fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
PG  - 29
AB  - BACKGROUND: Endoplasmic reticulum retention of misfolded cystic fibrosis
      transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutants and their rapid
      degradation is the major cause of cystic fibrosis (CF). An important goal
      is to understand the mechanism of how the misfolded proteins are
      recognized, retained, and targeted for degradation. RESULTS: Using a
      web-based algorithm, PESTFind, we found a PEST sequence in the regulatory
      (R) domain of CFTR. The PEST sequence is found in many short-lived
      eukaryotic proteins and plays a role in their degradation. To determine
      its role in the stability and degradation of misprocessed CFTR, we
      introduced a number of site-directed mutations into the PEST sequence in
      the cDNA of DeltaF508 CFTR, the most prevalent misprocessed mutation found
      in CF patients. Analysis of these mutants showed that the disruption of
      the PEST sequence plays a minor role in the degradation of the CFTR
      mutants. Multiple mutations to the PEST sequence within the R domain of
      CFTR inhibit maturation of CFTR and prevent the formation of a 100 kDa
      degradation product. The mutations, however, do not improve the stability
      of the mutant DeltaF508 CFTR. CONCLUSION: These observations show that
      disruption of the structure of the R domain of CFTR can inhibit maturation
      of the protein and that the predicted PEST sequence plays no significant
      role in the degradation of CFTR.
AD  - Canadian Institutes for Health Research Group in Membrane Biology,
      Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8,
      Canada. evayj.chen@utoronto.ca
FAU - Chen, Eva Y
AU  - Chen EY
FAU - Clarke, David M
AU  - Clarke DM
LA  - eng
GR  - R01-CA80900/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20021002
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Amino Acids)
RN  - 0 (Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Leupeptins)
RN  - 0 (Multienzyme Complexes)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 126880-72-6 (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator)
RN  - 133407-82-6 (benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde)
RN  - 147-85-3 (Proline)
RN  - 56-45-1 (Serine)
RN  - 56-86-0 (Glutamic Acid)
RN  - 72-19-5 (Threonine)
RN  - EC 3.4.22 (Cysteine Endopeptidases)
RN  - EC 3.4.25.1 (Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acids/*genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
MH  - Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance
      Regulator/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Glutamic Acid/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leupeptins/pharmacology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Multienzyme Complexes/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Proline/genetics
MH  - Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
MH  - Protein Folding
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Serine/genetics
MH  - Threonine/genetics
MH  - Transfection
EDAT- 2002/10/04 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/10 [received]
PHST- 2002/10/02 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/10/02 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Oct 2;3(1):29.

PMID- 12364368
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Acute septic arthritis.
PG  - 527-44
AB  - Acute septic arthritis may develop as a result of hematogenous seeding,
      direct introduction, or extension from a contiguous focus of infection.
      The pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis is multifactorial and depends
      on the interaction of the host immune response and the adherence factors,
      toxins, and immunoavoidance strategies of the invading pathogen. Neisseria
      gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus are used in discussing the
      host-pathogen interaction in the pathogenesis of acute septic arthritis.
      While diagnosis rests on isolation of the bacterial species from synovial
      fluid samples, patient history, clinical presentation, laboratory
      findings, and imaging studies are also important. Acute nongonococcal
      septic arthritis is a medical emergency that can lead to significant
      morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prompt recognition, rapid and
      aggressive antimicrobial therapy, and surgical treatment are critical to
      ensuring a good prognosis. Even with prompt diagnosis and treatment, high
      mortality and morbidity rates still occur. In contrast, gonococcal
      arthritis is often successfully treated with antimicrobial therapy alone
      and demonstrates a very low rate of complications and an excellent
      prognosis for full return of normal joint function. In the case of
      prosthetic joint infections, the hardware must be eventually removed by a
      two-stage revision in order to cure the infection.
AD  - Center for Biofilm Engineering Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana
      59717-3980, USA. mshirtliff@erc.montana.edu
FAU - Shirtliff, Mark E
AU  - Shirtliff ME
FAU - Mader, Jon T
AU  - Mader JT
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arthritis, Infectious/diagnosis/*etiology/therapy
MH  - Bacterial Adhesion
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Gonorrhea/diagnosis/etiology/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Risk Factors
RF  - 195
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):527-44.

PMID- 12364369
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Atopic dermatitis and fungi.
PG  - 545-63
AB  - Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, itching, inflammatory skin disease
      which is associated with asthma and/or hay fever and a familial occurrence
      of these conditions. Genetic factors are important in the development of
      AD, but the exact hereditary pathway is still unknown. Dry skin and the
      weakened barrier function in patients with AD is very important for the
      patient's reactions to irritants and other external trigger factors
      including microorganisms. The standard treatments are topical
      corticosteroids, topical immunomodulating agents, and emollients. If AD
      cannot be controlled by this type of treatment, systemic immunomodulating
      agents may be used. UVB, UVA, or psoralen-UVA may also be used for
      widespread severe lesions. However, some patients do not respond to these
      standard treatment, and then it is important to consider the role of
      microorganisms, house dust mites or food. The role of the Malassezia
      yeasts in AD, especially AD located to the head and neck region, is now
      documented in several papers. There are also several papers indicating the
      role of Candida as an aggravating factor in AD. Patients with AD also
      develop chronic dermatophyte infections more easily, and patients with AD
      and chronic dermatophyte infections may show improvement in their AD when
      treated with antifungal drugs.
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg,
      Sweden. jan.faergemann@derm.gu.se
FAU - Faergemann, Jan
AU  - Faergemann J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Fungal)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
RN  - 65277-42-1 (Ketoconazole)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Fungal/blood
MH  - Antigens, Fungal/analysis
MH  - Candida/immunology/*isolation & purification
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis
MH  - Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy/*etiology/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Ketoconazole/therapeutic use
MH  - Lymphocyte Activation
MH  - Malassezia/immunology/*isolation & purification
RF  - 168
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):545-63.

PMID- 12364370
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Evolutionary and historical aspects of the burden of malaria.
PG  - 564-94
AB  - Malaria is among the oldest of diseases. In one form or another, it has
      infected and affected our ancestors since long before the origin of the
      human line. During our recent evolution, its influence has probably been
      greater than that of any other infectious agent. Here we attempt to trace
      the forms and impacts of malaria from a distant past through historical
      times to the present. In the last sections, we review the current burdens
      of malaria across the world and discuss present-day approaches to its
      management. Only by following, or attempting to follow, malaria throughout
      its evolution and history can we understand its character and so be better
      prepared for our future management of this ancient ill.
AD  - University of Edinburgh, Division of Biological Sciences, ICAPB, Ashworth
      Laboratories, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, United Kingdom. r.carter@ed.ac.uk
FAU - Carter, Richard
AU  - Carter R
FAU - Mendis, Kamini N
AU  - Mendis KN
LA  - eng
PT  - Historical Article
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (Duffy Blood-Group System)
RN  - 9008-00-8 (Hemoglobin C)
SB  - IM
EIN - Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Jan;16(1):173.
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cost of Illness
MH  - Duffy Blood-Group System/genetics
MH  - *Evolution
MH  - Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency/immunology
MH  - Hemoglobin C/genetics
MH  - History, 20th Century
MH  - History, Ancient
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Malaria/epidemiology/etiology/history/transmission
MH  - Thalassemia/immunology
RF  - 219
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):564-94.

PMID- 12364371
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - History of human parasitology.
PG  - 595-612
AB  - Humans are hosts to nearly 300 species of parasitic worms and over 70
      species of protozoa, some derived from our primate ancestors and some
      acquired from the animals we have domesticated or come in contact with
      during our relatively short history on Earth. Our knowledge of parasitic
      infections extends into antiquity, and descriptions of parasites and
      parasitic infections are found in the earliest writings and have been
      confirmed by the finding of parasites in archaeological material. The
      systematic study of parasites began with the rejection of the theory of
      spontaneous generation and the promulgation of the germ theory.
      Thereafter, the history of human parasitology proceeded along two lines,
      the discovery of a parasite and its subsequent association with disease
      and the recognition of a disease and the subsequent discovery that it was
      caused by a parasite. This review is concerned with the major helminth and
      protozoan infections of humans: ascariasis, trichinosis, strongyloidiasis,
      dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, loasis, onchocerciasis,
      schistosomiasis, cestodiasis, paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis,
      opisthorchiasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, African trypanosomiasis, South
      American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis,
      cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, and microsporidiosis.
AD  - Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene
      and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
      frank.cox@lshtm.ac.uk
FAU - Cox, F E G
AU  - Cox FE
LA  - eng
PT  - Historical Article
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
SB  - IM
EIN - Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Jan;16(1):174.
MH  - Animals
MH  - Civilization
MH  - Emigration and Immigration
MH  - Evolution
MH  - Helminthiasis/*history
MH  - Helminths/isolation & purification
MH  - History, 19th Century
MH  - History, 20th Century
MH  - History, Ancient
MH  - Humans
MH  - Parasitology/history
MH  - Protozoa/isolation & purification
MH  - Protozoan Infections/*history
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
RF  - 281
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):595-612.

PMID- 12364372
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - What happened to the streptococci: overview of taxonomic and nomenclature
      changes.
PG  - 613-30
AB  - Since the division of the Streptococcus genus into enterococci,
      lactococci, and streptococci in 1984, many changes in the nomenclature and
      taxonomy of the Streptococcus genus have taken place. The application of
      genetic comparisons has improved the proper classification of the
      different species. The Lancefield system of serogrouping the streptococci
      by the expression of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates is still very
      useful for the identification of streptococci for patient management. The
      Lancefield grouping system cannot be used in itself for accurate
      identification of specific beta-hemolytic species, but it can be a useful
      part of the identification procedure. Except for identification of the
      "Streptococcus bovis group" of species and Streptococcus suis, Lancefield
      grouping is of little value in identification of the non-beta-hemolytic
      streptococci and related genera. In fact, identification of the
      non-beta-hemolytic species is problematic for conventional as well as
      commercially available identification procedures. A combination of
      conventional tests and specific chromogenic tests suggested by several
      investigators is presented and discussed. Tables are included that suggest
      tests and procedures to guide investigators attempting to identify all the
      species.
AD  - Streptococcus Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
      Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. rrf2@cdc.gov
FAU - Facklam, Richard
AU  - Facklam R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
SB  - IM
MH  - Streptococcus/*classification
MH  - *Terminology
RF  - 151
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):613-30.

PMID- 12364373
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Tularemia.
PG  - 631-46
AB  - Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a serious
      and occasionally fatal disease of humans and animals. In humans,
      ulceroglandular tularemia is the most common form of the disease and is
      usually a consequence of a bite from an arthropod vector which has
      previously fed on an infected animal. The pneumonic form of the disease
      occurs rarely but is the likely form of the disease should this bacterium
      be used as a bioterrorism agent. The diagnosis of disease is not
      straightforward. F. tularensis is difficult to culture, and the handling
      of this bacterium poses a significant risk of infection to laboratory
      personnel. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay- and PCR-based methods have
      been used to detect bacteria in clinical samples, but these methods have
      not been adequately evaluated for the diagnosis of pneumonic tularemia.
      Little is known about the virulence mechanisms of F. tularensis, though
      there is a large body of evidence indicating that it is an intracellular
      pathogen, surviving mainly in macrophages. An unlicensed live attenuated
      vaccine is available, which does appear to offer protection against
      ulceroglandular and pneumonic tularemia. Although an improved vaccine
      against tularemia is highly desirable, attempts to devise such a vaccine
      have been limited by the inability to construct defined allelic
      replacement mutants and by the lack of information on the mechanisms of
      virulence of F. tularensis. In the absence of a licensed vaccine,
      aminoglycoside antibiotics play a key role in the prevention and treatment
      of tularemia.
AD  - Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, CBS Porton Down, Salisbury,
      Wiltshire SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom.
FAU - Ellis, Jill
AU  - Ellis J
FAU - Oyston, Petra C F
AU  - Oyston PC
FAU - Green, Michael
AU  - Green M
FAU - Titball, Richard W
AU  - Titball RW
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (Bacterial Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Francisella tularensis/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Tularemia/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control
MH  - Virulence
RF  - 185
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):631-46.

PMID- 12364374
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Interactions among strategies associated with bacterial infection:
      pathogenicity, epidemicity, and antibiotic resistance.
PG  - 647-79
AB  - Infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of
      human populations. With the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought
      that this problem should disappear. However, bacteria have been able to
      evolve to become antibiotic resistant. Nowadays, a proficient pathogen
      must be virulent, epidemic, and resistant to antibiotics. Analysis of the
      interplay among these features of bacterial populations is needed to
      predict the future of infectious diseases. In this regard, we have
      reviewed the genetic linkage of antibiotic resistance and bacterial
      virulence in the same genetic determinants as well as the cross talk
      between antibiotic resistance and virulence regulatory circuits with the
      aim of understanding the effect of acquisition of resistance on bacterial
      virulence. We also discuss the possibility that antibiotic resistance and
      bacterial virulence might prevail as linked phenotypes in the future. The
      novel situation brought about by the worldwide use of antibiotics is
      undoubtedly changing bacterial populations. These changes might alter the
      properties of not only bacterial pathogens, but also the normal host
      microbiota. The evolutionary consequences of the release of antibiotics
      into the environment are largely unknown, but most probably restoration of
      the microbiota from the preantibiotic era is beyond our current abilities.
AD  - Departamento de Biotecnologia Microbiana, Centro Nacional de
      Biotecnologia. Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid,
      Spain. jlmtnez@cnb.uam.ed
FAU - Martinez, Jose L
AU  - Martinez JL
FAU - Baquero, Fernando
AU  - Baquero F
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (DNA Transposable Elements)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacteria/classification/genetics/pathogenicity
MH  - Bacterial Infections/*drug therapy/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - DNA Transposable Elements
MH  - *Drug Resistance, Bacterial/genetics
MH  - Ecology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy
MH  - Plasmids
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Virulence/genetics
RF  - 428
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):647-79.

PMID- 12364375
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother,
      fetus, and newborn infant.
PG  - 680-715
AB  - Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral
      infection and mental retardation. HCMV infection, while causing
      asymptomatic infections in most immunocompetent subjects, can be
      transmitted during pregnancy from the mother with primary (and also
      recurrent) infection to the fetus. Hence, careful diagnosis of primary
      infection is required in the pregnant woman based on the most sensitive
      serologic assays (immunoglobulin M [IgM] and IgG avidity assays) and
      conventional virologic and molecular procedures for virus detection in
      blood. Maternal prognostic markers of fetal infection are still under
      investigation. If primary infection is diagnosed in a timely manner,
      prenatal diagnosis can be offered, including the search for virus and
      virus components in fetal blood and amniotic fluid, with fetal prognostic
      markers of HCMV disease still to be defined. However, the final step for
      definite diagnosis of congenital HCMV infection is detection of virus in
      the blood or urine in the first 1 to 2 weeks of life. To date, treatment
      of congenital infection with antiviral drugs is only palliative both prior
      to and after birth, whereas the only efficacious preventive measure seems
      to be the development of a safe and immunogenic vaccine, including
      recombinant, subunit, DNA, and peptide-based vaccines now under
      investigation. The following controversial issues are discussed in the
      light of the most recent advances in the field: the actual perception of
      the problem; universal serologic screening before pregnancy; the impact of
      correct counseling on decision making by the couple involved; the role of
      prenatal diagnosis in ascertaining transmission of virus to the fetus; the
      impact of preconceptional and periconceptional infections on the
      prevalence of congenital infection; and the prevalence of congenitally
      infected babies born to mothers who were immune prior to pregnancy
      compared to the number born to mothers undergoing primary infection during
      pregnancy.
AD  - Servizio di Virologia, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
FAU - Revello, Maria Grazia
AU  - Revello MG
FAU - Gerna, Giuseppe
AU  - Gerna G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Cytomegalovirus Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin M)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amniotic Fluid/virology
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Counseling
MH  - Cytomegalovirus Infections/congenital/*diagnosis/therapy
MH  - Cytomegalovirus Vaccines/immunology
MH  - DNA, Viral/blood
MH  - Disease Transmission, Vertical
MH  - Diseases in Twins
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin M/blood
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
MH  - Prenatal Diagnosis
MH  - RNA, Viral/blood
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Serologic Tests
RF  - 295
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):680-715.

PMID- 12364376
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Clinical and taxonomic status of pathogenic nonpigmented or
      late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria.
PG  - 716-46
AB  - The history, taxonomy, geographic distribution, clinical disease, and
      therapy of the pathogenic nonpigmented or late-pigmenting rapidly growing
      mycobacteria (RGM) are reviewed. Community-acquired disease and health
      care-associated disease are highlighted for each species. The latter
      grouping includes health care-associated outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks as
      well as sporadic disease cases. Treatment recommendations for each species
      and type of disease are also described. Special emphasis is on the
      Mycobacterium fortuitum group, including M. fortuitum, M. peregrinum, and
      the unnamed third biovariant complex with its recent taxonomic changes and
      newly recognized species (including M. septicum, M. mageritense, and
      proposed species M. houstonense and M. bonickei). The clinical and
      taxonomic status of M. chelonae, M. abscessus, and M. mucogenicum is also
      detailed, along with that of the closely related new species, M.
      immunogenum. Additionally, newly recognized species, M. wolinskyi and M.
      goodii, as well as M. smegmatis sensu stricto, are included in a
      discussion of the M. smegmatis group. Laboratory diagnosis of RGM using
      phenotypic methods such as biochemical testing and high-performance liquid
      chromatography and molecular methods of diagnosis are also discussed. The
      latter includes PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis,
      hybridization, ribotyping, and sequence analysis. Susceptibility testing
      and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the RGM are also annotated,
      along with the current recommendations from the National Committee for
      Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) for mycobacterial susceptibility
      testing.
AD  - University of Texas Health Center, Department of Microbiology, Tyler,
      Texas 75708, USA. barbara.elliott@uthct.edu
FAU - Brown-Elliott, Barbara A
AU  - Brown-Elliott BA
FAU - Wallace, Richard J Jr
AU  - Wallace RJ Jr
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Catheterization/adverse effects
MH  - Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microbial Sensitivity Tests/methods
MH  - Mycobacterium Infections, Atypical/diagnosis/*microbiology/therapy
MH  - Mycobacterium chelonae/*classification/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Mycobacterium fortuitum/*classification/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Mycobacterium smegmatis/*classification/drug effects/genetics
MH  - Occupational Diseases/microbiology
MH  - Skin Diseases, Infectious/microbiology
MH  - Wound Infection/microbiology
RF  - 226
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):716-46.

PMID- 12364377
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Current consensus guidelines for treatment of neurocysticercosis.
PG  - 747-56
AB  - Taenia solium neurocysticercosis is a common cause of epileptic seizures
      and other neurological morbidity in most developing countries. It is also
      an increasingly common diagnosis in industrialized countries because of
      immigration from areas where it is endemic. Its clinical manifestations
      are highly variable and depend on the number, stage, and size of the
      lesions and the host's immune response. In part due to this variability,
      major discrepancies exist in the treatment of neurocysticercosis. A panel
      of experts in taeniasis/cysticercosis discussed the evidence on treatment
      of neurocysticercosis for each clinical presentation, and we present the
      panel's consensus and areas of disagreement. Overall, four general
      recommendations were made: (i) individualize therapeutic decisions,
      including whether to use antiparasitic drugs, based on the number,
      location, and viability of the parasites within the nervous system; (ii)
      actively manage growing cysticerci either with antiparasitic drugs or
      surgical excision; (iii) prioritize the management of intracranial
      hypertension secondary to neurocysticercosis before considering any other
      form of therapy; and (iv) manage seizures as done for seizures due to
      other causes of secondary seizures (remote symptomatic seizures) because
      they are due to an organic focus that has been present for a long time.
AD  - Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas,
      Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. School of Veterinary Medicine,
      Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. hgarcia@terra.com.pe
FAU - Garcia, Hector H
AU  - Garcia HH
FAU - Evans, Carlton A W
AU  - Evans CA
FAU - Nash, Theodore E
AU  - Nash TE
FAU - Takayanagui, Osvaldo M
AU  - Takayanagui OM
FAU - White, A Clinton Jr
AU  - White AC Jr
FAU - Botero, David
AU  - Botero D
FAU - Rajshekhar, Vedantam
AU  - Rajshekhar V
FAU - Tsang, Victor C W
AU  - Tsang VC
FAU - Schantz, Peter M
AU  - Schantz PM
FAU - Allan, James C
AU  - Allan JC
FAU - Flisser, Ana
AU  - Flisser A
FAU - Correa, Dolores
AU  - Correa D
FAU - Sarti, Elsa
AU  - Sarti E
FAU - Friedland, Jon S
AU  - Friedland JS
FAU - Martinez, S Manuel
AU  - Martinez SM
FAU - Gonzalez, Armando E
AU  - Gonzalez AE
FAU - Gilman, Robert H
AU  - Gilman RH
FAU - Del Brutto, Oscar H
AU  - Del Brutto OH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (Antiparasitic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiparasitic Agents/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neurocysticercosis/diagnosis/*therapy
MH  - *Practice Guidelines
RF  - 111
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):747-56.

PMID- 12364378
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Effects of global climate on infectious disease: the cholera model.
PG  - 757-70
AB  - Recently, the role of the environment and climate in disease dynamics has
      become a subject of increasing interest to microbiologists, clinicians,
      epidemiologists, and ecologists. Much of the interest has been stimulated
      by the growing problems of antibiotic resistance among pathogens,
      emergence and/or reemergence of infectious diseases worldwide, the
      potential of bioterrorism, and the debate concerning climate change.
      Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, lends itself to analyses of the role
      of climate in infectious disease, coupled to population dynamics of
      pathogenic microorganisms, for several reasons. First, the disease has a
      historical context linking it to specific seasons and biogeographical
      zones. In addition, the population dynamics of V. cholerae in the
      environment are strongly controlled by environmental factors, such as
      water temperature, salinity, and the presence of copepods, which are, in
      turn, controlled by larger-scale climate variability. In this review, the
      association between plankton and V. cholerae that has been documented over
      the last 20 years is discussed in support of the hypothesis that cholera
      shares properties of a vector-borne disease. In addition, a model for
      environmental transmission of cholera to humans in the context of climate
      variability is presented. The cholera model provides a template for future
      research on climate-sensitive diseases, allowing definition of critical
      parameters and offering a means of developing more sophisticated methods
      for prediction of disease outbreaks.
AD  - Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology
      Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21202, USA.
FAU - Lipp, Erin K
AU  - Lipp EK
FAU - Huq, Anwar
AU  - Huq A
FAU - Colwell, Rita R
AU  - Colwell RR
LA  - eng
GR  - R01NR042701A1/NR/NINR
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Microbiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cholera/*transmission
MH  - *Climate
MH  - Disease Vectors
MH  - Ecology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Phytoplankton/microbiology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Seasons
MH  - Water Microbiology
MH  - Zooplankton/microbiology
RF  - 165
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):757-70.

PMID- 12364379
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021004
DCOM- 20021120
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0893-8512
VI  - 15
IP  - 4
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: one size may not fit all.
PG  - 771; discussion 771-2
FAU - Bell, David
AU  - Bell D
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Microbiol Rev
JID - 8807282
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (histidine-rich proteins)
SB  - IM
CON - Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002 Jan;15(1):66-78. PMID: 11781267
MH  - Humans
MH  - Malaria/*diagnosis
MH  - Proteins/*analysis
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2002/10/05 04:00
MHDA- 2002/11/26 04:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Microbiol Rev 2002 Oct;15(4):771; discussion 771-2.

PMID- 12370087
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021119
DCOM- 20021218
LR  - 20041215
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Oct 8
TI  - Inhibition of the MEK1/ERK pathway reduces arachidonic acid release
      independently of cPLA2 phosphorylation and translocation.
PG  - 30
AB  - BACKGROUND: The 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) mediates
      arachidonic acid (AA) release in MDCK cells. Although calcium and
      mitogen-activated protein kinases regulate cPLA2, the correlation of cPLA2
      translocation and phosphorylation with MAPK activation and AA release is
      unclear. RESULTS: MEK1 inhibition by U0126 inhibited AA release in
      response to ATP and ionomycin. This directly correlated with inhibition of
      ERK activation but not with phosphorylation of cPLA2 on Ser505, which was
      only partially inhibited by ERK inhibition. Inhibition of AA release by
      U0126 was still observed when stoichiometric phosphorylation of cPLA2 on
      Ser505 was maintained by activating p38 with anisomycin. Translocation
      kinetics of wild-type cPLA2 and cPLA2 containing S505A or S727A mutations
      to Golgi were similar in response to ATP and ionomycin and were not
      affected by U0126. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the ability of
      cPLA2 to hydrolyze membrane phospholipid is reduced by inhibition of the
      MEK1/ERK pathway and that the reduction in activity is independent of
      cPLA2 phosphorylation and translocation to membrane. The results also
      demonstrate that cPLA2 mutated at the phosphorylation sites Ser505 and
      Ser727 translocated with similar kinetic as wild-type cPLA2.
AD  - Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical
      and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
      evansj@njc.org
FAU - Evans, John H
AU  - Evans JH
FAU - Fergus, Daniel J
AU  - Fergus DJ
FAU - Leslie, Christina C
AU  - Leslie CC
LA  - eng
GR  - HL10507/HL/NHLBI
GR  - HL34303/HL/NHLBI
GR  - HL61378/HL/NHLBI
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20021008
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Butadienes)
RN  - 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors)
RN  - 0 (Luminescent Proteins)
RN  - 0 (MAP Kinase Signaling System)
RN  - 0 (Nitriles)
RN  - 0 (U 0126)
RN  - 147336-22-9 (Green Fluorescent Proteins)
RN  - 506-32-1 (Arachidonic Acid)
RN  - 56-65-5 (Adenosine Triphosphate)
RN  - 56092-81-0 (Ionomycin)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (MAP Kinase Kinase 1)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (MAP2K1 protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.- (Phospholipases A)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arachidonic Acid/*secretion
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Biological Transport/drug effects
MH  - Butadienes/*pharmacology
MH  - Calcium/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cytosol/enzymology
MH  - Enzyme Inhibitors/*pharmacology
MH  - Green Fluorescent Proteins
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ionomycin/pharmacology
MH  - Luminescent Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - MAP Kinase Kinase 1
MH  - MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/*antagonists &
      inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Nitriles/*pharmacology
MH  - Phospholipases A/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation/drug effects
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2002/10/09 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/19 04:00
PHST- 2002/06/07 [received]
PHST- 2002/10/08 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/10/08 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Oct 8;3(1):30. Epub 2002 Oct 8.

PMID- 12370088
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
DA  - 20021008
PUBM- Print
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Sep 20
TI  - MPN+, a putative catalytic motif found in a subset of MPN domain proteins
      from eukaryotes and prokaryotes, is critical for Rpn11 function.
PG  - 28
AB  - BACKGROUND: Three macromolecular assemblages, the lid complex of the
      proteasome, the COP9-Signalosome (CSN) and the eIF3 complex, all consist
      of multiple proteins harboring MPN and PCI domains. Up to now, no specific
      function for any of these proteins has been defined, nor has the
      importance of these motifs been elucidated. In particular Rpn11, a lid
      subunit, serves as the paradigm for MPN-containing proteins as it is
      highly conserved and important for proteasome function. RESULTS: We have
      identified a sequence motif, termed the MPN+ motif, which is highly
      conserved in a subset of MPN domain proteins such as Rpn11 and Csn5/Jab1,
      but is not present outside of this subfamily. The MPN+ motif consists of
      five polar residues that resemble the active site residues of hydrolytic
      enzyme classes, particularly that of metalloproteases. By using
      site-directed mutagenesis, we show that the MPN+ residues are important
      for the function of Rpn11, while a highly conserved Cys residue outside of
      the MPN+ motif is not essential. Single amino acid substitutions in MPN+
      residues all show similar phenotypes, including slow growth, sensitivity
      to temperature and amino acid analogs, and general proteasome-dependent
      proteolysis defects. CONCLUSIONS: The MPN+ motif is abundant in certain
      MPN-domain proteins, including newly identified proteins of eukaryotes,
      bacteria and archaea thought to act outside of the traditional large
      PCI/MPN complexes. The putative catalytic nature of the MPN+ motif makes
      it a good candidate for a pivotal enzymatic function, possibly a
      proteasome-associated deubiquitinating activity and a CSN-associated
      Nedd8/Rub1-removing activity.
AD  - Dept, of Biology and Institute for Catalysis Science and Technology (ICST)
      Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel.
      glickman@tx.technion.ac.il
AU  - Maytal-Kivity V
AU  - Reis N
AU  - Hofmann K
AU  - Glickman MH
LA  - ENG
PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
EDAT- 2002/10/09 04:00
MHDA- 2002/10/09 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/24 [received]
PHST- 2002/09/20 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/09/20 [aheadofprint]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Sep 20;3(1):28.

PMID- 12398769
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Hypothermia and neurologic outcome in patients following cardiac arrest:
      should we be hot to cool off our patients?
PG  - 377-80
AB  - Hypothermia as a protectant of neurologic function in the treatment of
      cardiac arrest patients, although not a new concept, is now supported by
      two recent randomized, prospective clinical trials. The basic science
      research in support of the effects of hypothermia at the cellular and
      animal levels is extensive. The process of cooling for cerebral protection
      holds potential promise for human resuscitation efforts in multiple
      realms. It appears that, at least, those patients who suffer a witnessed
      cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation and early restoration of
      spontaneous circulation, such as those who were included in the European
      and Australian trials (discussed here), should be considered for
      hypothermic therapy.
AD  - Neuroscience Critical Care, and Clinical Instructor of Neurology,
      University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
      tls2u@virginia.edu
FAU - Smith, Teresa L
AU  - Smith TL
FAU - Bleck, Thomas P
AU  - Bleck TP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020816
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Australia
MH  - Europe
MH  - Heart Arrest/*therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects/*methods
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RF  - 22
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/16 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):377-80. Epub 2002 Aug 16.

PMID- 12398770
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - The International Sepsis Forum's controversies in sepsis: corticosteroids
      should be used to treat septic shock.
PG  - 381-3
AB  - The use of corticosteroids in septic shock remains controversial. It has
      been demonstrated that high doses of steroids (30 mg/kg
      methylprednisolone) for short periods of time are not beneficial. More
      recent studies using smaller doses (200-300 mg/day hydrocortisone) for
      longer periods of time have shown beneficial effects. These positive
      effects have included reversal of shock, trends toward decreased organ
      system dysfunction and decreased mortality. Based on the high proportion
      of patients who have relative adrenal insufficiency, the benefits of low
      doses of steroids and the minimal risks, steroids should be used to treat
      septic shock.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew
      University Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
FAU - Goodman, Sergey
AU  - Goodman S
FAU - Sprung, Charles L
AU  - Sprung CL
CN  - International Sepsis Forum.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020717
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
RN  - 9002-60-2 (Corticotropin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*therapeutic use
MH  - Corticotropin/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Shock, Septic/*drug therapy/mortality
MH  - Treatment Outcome
RF  - 10
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/17 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):381-3. Epub 2002 Jul 17.

PMID- 12398771
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - The International Sepsis Forum's controversies in sepsis: corticosteroids
      should not be routinely used to treat septic shock.
PG  - 384-6
AB  - Corticosteroid treatment of severe sepsis has been one of the most
      controversial clinical issues in critical care. In fact, few agents can
      claim to have been evaluated in scores of studies spanning 3-4 decades.
      Yet, convincing proof that corticosteroids are useful pharmacologic agents
      in the treatment of this major clinical problem remains elusive. Recently,
      interest has resurfaced but this time the focus is on a steroid
      replacement approach for what has now been termed "relative adrenal
      insufficiency" rather than relying on the pharmacologic effects of
      steroids. This route holds promise, but proof remains lacking.
AD  - Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt
      University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. Gordon.Bernard@Vanderbilt.edu
FAU - Bernard, Gordon
AU  - Bernard G
CN  - International Sepsis Forum.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020717
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Adrenal Cortex Hormones)
RN  - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adrenal Cortex Hormones/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocortisone/blood
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Shock, Septic/blood/*drug therapy/mortality
RF  - 19
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/17 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):384-6. Epub 2002 Jul 17.

PMID- 12398772
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Paediatric intensive care: out of commission.
PG  - 387-8
AB  - Problems with commissioning paediatric intensive care stem both from
      difficulties in recruitment and retention of nurses, and from incoherent
      or nonexistent national audit. Pyramidal career structures and patterns of
      remuneration that concentrate on administrative responsibility over
      clinical skills underlie the former, whereas poor audit conceals
      variations in both service quality and demand. Epidemiologically superior
      data are required if we are to solve commissioning problems. We need to
      know what happened to every child from a defined population receiving
      intensive care and whether a lack of resources means that some children
      are denied intensive care.
AD  - Birmingham Childrens Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK.
      Gale.Pearson@Bhamchildrens.wmids.nhs.uk
FAU - Pearson, Gale A
AU  - Pearson GA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020709
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Critical Care/*trends
MH  - Great Britain
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/manpower/*trends
MH  - Mortality
MH  - *Quality of Health Care
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/09 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):387-8. Epub 2002 Jul 9.

PMID- 12398773
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Is insulin an endogenous cardioprotector?
PG  - 389-93
AB  - Stress hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus with myocardial infarction are
      associated with increased risk for in-hospital mortality, congestive heart
      failure, or cardiogenic shock. Hyperglycemia triggers free radical
      generation and suppresses endothelial nitric oxide generation, and thus
      initiates and perpetuates inflammation. Conversely, insulin suppresses
      production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and free radicals, enhances
      endothelial nitric oxide generation, and improves myocardial function. It
      is proposed that the balance between insulin and plasma glucose levels is
      critical to recovery and/or complications that occur following acute
      myocardial infarction and in the critically ill. Adequate attention should
      be given to maintaining euglycemia (plasma glucose <or= 110 mg/dl) in
      order to reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function while using a
      glucose-insulin-potassium cocktail.
AD  - EFA Sciences LLC, Norwood, Massachusetts, USA. undurti@hotmail.com
FAU - Das, Undurti N
AU  - Das UN
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020731
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 11061-68-0 (Insulin)
SB  - IM
CIN - Crit Care. 2003 Feb;7(1):13-5. PMID: 12617733
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Glucose/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hyperglycemia/*complications
MH  - Insulin/*physiology/therapeutic use
MH  - Myocardial Infarction/*blood/complications/drug therapy
MH  - Rats
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/secretion
RF  - 69
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/31 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):389-93. Epub 2002 Jul 31.

PMID- 12398774
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Hemofiltration, adsorption, sieving and the challenge of sepsis therapy
      design.
PG  - 394-6
AB  - Circulating inflammatory mediators spilling into the circulation from
      sites of active inflammation are considered the source of remote tissue
      injury and associated organ dysfunction in sepsis. Hemofiltration has been
      proposed as a therapy for sepsis based on its ability to remove
      circulating inflammatory mediators by sieving or by adsorption, or both.
      Designing devices and methods for sepsis therapy will require optimization
      of these two mechanisms. In the present issue of Critical Care Forum,
      Kellum and Dishart report the relative effects of sieving and adsorption
      on plasma IL-6 following cecal ligation and puncture in rats. The authors
      conclude that hemoadsorption is the main mechanism of removal, and discuss
      some possible implications for filter design but hemoadsorption is well
      dependant on hemofiltration (the so-called hemofiltration filter
      adsorption/synergistic effect). It is important to recognize the
      limitations of conventional systems; Kellum and Dishart have extended our
      knowledge of hemofiltration filter adsorption, which is quite different
      from conventional hemoadsorption. If sepsis is a manifestation of a
      nonlinear dynamic control system out of control, then filtration at modest
      doses with a large pore filter may succeed as well as high-volume
      hemofiltration with a conventional cut-off filter. In the present paper,
      we will explore the strengths and the weaknesses of the 'Kellum and
      Dishart' study and discussing their findings in the light of the current
      available literature.
AD  - General Intensive Care Unit, St Pierre Hospital,
      Ottignies-Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium. Pa.Honore@clinique-saint-pierre.be
FAU - Honore, Patrick M
AU  - Honore PM
FAU - Matson, James R
AU  - Matson JR
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
DEP - 20020904
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
CON - Crit Care. 2002 Oct;6(5):429-33. PMID: 12398783
MH  - Adsorption
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cytokines/blood
MH  - Hemofiltration/instrumentation/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Membranes, Artificial
MH  - Rats
MH  - Sepsis/blood/*therapy
RF  - 24
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/09/04 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):394-6. Epub 2002 Sep 4.

PMID- 12398775
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Hypertonic saline resuscitation in sepsis.
PG  - 397-8
AB  - The review by Oliveira and colleagues on the subject of hypertonic saline
      resuscitation in sepsis (included in the present issue) suggests possible
      benefits for hypertonic saline. There is a firm experimental basis for the
      actions of hypertonic saline/hyperoncotic solutions in hemorrhagic
      hypotension, which include expansion of blood volume, improvement in
      cardiac index, favorable modulation of the immune system, and improvement
      in survival. These actions are presumed to be of benefit in the treatment
      of sepsis or septic shock. However, there are few experimental data
      regarding the use of these solutions, and clinical studies are
      descriptive. The major impact of early administration of hypertonic
      solutions may be attenuation of tissue injury, sepsis, and septic shock.
      Early and aggressive fluid resuscitation with hypertonic solutions to
      clinical end-points should be investigated in patients with systemic
      inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and septic shock.
AD  - Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of
      California at Davis, Davis, California, USA. edawc@aol.com
FAU - Wade, Charles E
AU  - Wade CE
LA  - eng
PT  - Comment
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020821
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Saline Solution, Hypertonic)
SB  - IM
CON - Crit Care. 2002 Oct;6(5):418-23. PMID: 12398781
MH  - Animals
MH  - Humans
MH  - Resuscitation/*methods
MH  - Saline Solution, Hypertonic/*therapeutic use
MH  - Sepsis/*therapy
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/21 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):397-8. Epub 2002 Aug 21.

PMID- 12398776
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Pro/con ethics debate: should mechanical ventilation be continued to allow
      for progression to brain death so that organs can be donated?
PG  - 399-402
AB  - Organ transplants continue to redefine medical frontiers. Unfortunately,
      current demand for organs far surpasses availability, waiting lists are
      long and many people die before the organ they desperately need becomes
      available. One proposed way to increase organ availability is to admit
      patients to the ICU with severe neurological injuries, for a trial of
      therapy. If the injury is irretrievable, discussions would then focus on
      extending ventilation for potential brain death/organ donation if a prior
      wish to donate is known or if the substitute decision maker consents. The
      following debate discusses the ethical dilemmas of waiting for brain
      death.
AD  - University Lecturer in Medical Ethics, The Ethox Centre, University of
      Oxford, UK.
FAU - Parker, Michael
AU  - Parker M
FAU - Shemie, Sam D
AU  - Shemie SD
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020815
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - E
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Brain Death
MH  - Brain Injuries/*classification/therapy
MH  - Decision Making
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units
MH  - Male
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - *Respiration, Artificial
MH  - Resuscitation
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Tissue and Organ Procurement/*ethics
MH  - Withholding Treatment/*ethics
OID - KIE: 114925
OID - NRCBL: VF 20.5.1
OTO - KIE
OT  - Death and Euthanasia
OT  - Health Care and Public Health
GN  - KIE: 20 refs.
GN  - KIE: KIE Bib: determination of death/brain death; organ and tissue
      donation
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/15 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):399-402. Epub 2002 Aug 15.

PMID- 12398777
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - ICU Cornestone: a lecture that changed my practice.
PG  - 403-4
AB  - In 1982, the author attended a lecture by Professor Joseph Civetta dealing
      with the concept that, at times, the goal of care should be comfort rather
      than cure, and that inappropriate care prolonged dying and suffering.
      Efforts to improve end-of-life care subsequent to this had effects on care
      at a local level and at a state level. Intensive care providers should be
      leaders in the provision of appropriate and compassionate care at the end
      of life.
AD  - Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia.
      mfisher@med.usyd.edu.au
FAU - Fisher, Malcolm
AU  - Fisher M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020709
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - Australia
MH  - *Death
MH  - Family
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units/legislation & jurisprudence/*organization &
      administration
MH  - Patient Care Team
MH  - *Physician-Patient Relations
MH  - Terminal Care/*methods
MH  - Withholding Treatment/*ethics/legislation & jurisprudence
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/09 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):403-4. Epub 2002 Jul 9.

PMID- 12398778
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - ICUs worldwide: results of a nationwide survey of Colombian intensive care
      units.
PG  - 405-6
AB  - Sixty-three of 89 identified intensive care units in Colombia (Evaluation
      of Intensive Care in Colombia) participated in this voluntary study. A
      convenience sample of 20 intensive care units, each submitting 200
      patients or more, was chosen, from which the following information is
      presented. The Intensive Care National Audit and Research Center (UK)
      protocol was used to evaluate patient severity, length of stay, raw and
      anticipated mortality, intensive care unit patient admission/rejection
      criteria, and human and technologic resources available. Information was
      drawn from public and private institutions.
AD  - Universidad El Bosque, Colombia. famcelis@cable.net.co
FAU - Celis, Edgar
AU  - Celis E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020803
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - Colombia
MH  - *Critical Care
MH  - Diagnosis-Related Groups
MH  - Hospital Mortality
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units/economics/organization & administration/*statistics &
      numerical data
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/03 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):405-6. Epub 2002 Aug 3.

PMID- 12398779
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Recently published papers: new evidence for old debates, new drugs and
      some timely reminders.
PG  - 407-10
AD  - St George's Hospital Medical School, London, UK. j.ball@sghms.ac.uk
FAU - Ball, Jonathan
AU  - Ball J
FAU - Williams, Gareth
AU  - Williams G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20020905
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - *Critical Care
MH  - Drug Therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microcirculation
MH  - Myocardial Infarction/*metabolism
MH  - *Periodicals
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Respiratory Tract Diseases/*therapy
MH  - Sepsis/*physiopathology
RF  - 28
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/09/05 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):407-10. Epub 2002 Sep 5.

PMID- 12398780
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Clinical review: Intensive care follow-up--what has it told us?
PG  - 411-7
AB  - The majority of intensive care practitioners, until comparatively
      recently, was content to discharge surviving patients to the care of
      referring primary specialty colleagues who would undertake subsequent
      inpatient and outpatient care. With the exception of mortality statistics
      from clinical studies, the practitioners were thus denied the opportunity
      of understanding the full impact of critical illness on a patient and
      their family. The concept of the intensive care follow-up clinic has
      developed more recently, and is run commonly on multidisciplinary lines.
      These clinics serve a number of purposes, but importantly have drawn
      attention to broader patient-centred outcomes after intensive care.
      Investigators are just beginning to identify, and in some cases quantify,
      the postdischarge burden on patient and family; additional useful data
      have also come from follow-up of specific disease states. The purpose of
      the present review is to highlight some of the important issues that
      impact on recovery from critical illness towards an acceptable quality of
      postdischarge life. We have concentrated on the adult literature, and
      specifically on studies that inform us about the more general effects of
      critical illness. Head and spinal injury are thus largely ignored, as the
      effects of the primary injury overwhelm the effects of 'general' critical
      illness.
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hammersmith Hospital,
      London, UK.
FAU - Broomhead, L Robert
AU  - Broomhead LR
FAU - Brett, Stephen J
AU  - Brett SJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20020815
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - *Critical Care
MH  - *Health Status
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units
MH  - Life Expectancy
MH  - Neuropsychology
MH  - Outcome Assessment (Health Care)/*methods
MH  - Quality of Life/*psychology
RF  - 68
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/15 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):411-7. Epub 2002 Aug 15.

PMID- 12398781
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Clinical review: Hypertonic saline resuscitation in sepsis.
PG  - 418-23
AB  - The present review discusses the hemodynamic effects of hypertonic saline
      in experimental shock and in patients with sepsis. We comment on the
      mechanisms of action of hypertonic saline, calling upon data in
      hemorrhagic and septic shock. Specific actions of hypertonic saline in
      severe sepsis and septic shock are highlighted. Data are available that
      support potential benefits of hypertonic saline infusion in various
      aspects of the pathophysiology of sepsis, including tissue hypoperfusion,
      decreased oxygen consumption, endothelial dysfunction, cardiac depression,
      and the presence of a broad array of proinflammatory cytokines and various
      oxidant species. The goal of research in this field is to identify
      reliable therapies to prevent ischemia and inflammation, and to reduce
      mortality.
AD  - Department of Critical Care Medicine, Santa Casa Hospital, Federal
      University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegra, Brazil.
FAU - Oliveira, Roselaine P
AU  - Oliveira RP
FAU - Velasco, Irineu
AU  - Velasco I
FAU - Soriano, Francisco
AU  - Soriano F
FAU - Friedman, Gilberto
AU  - Friedman G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20020806
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Hypotonic Solutions)
RN  - 7647-14-5 (Sodium Chloride)
SB  - IM
CIN - Crit Care. 2002 Oct;6(5):397-8. PMID: 12398775
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
MH  - Animals
MH  - Hemodynamic Processes/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypotonic Solutions/*therapeutic use
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
MH  - Resuscitation/*methods
MH  - Sepsis/*drug therapy/physiopathology
MH  - Shock, Hemorrhagic/*drug therapy/physiopathology
MH  - Sodium Chloride/*therapeutic use
RF  - 74
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/06 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):418-23. Epub 2002 Aug 6.

PMID- 12398782
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Statistics review 5: Comparison of means.
PG  - 424-8
AB  - The present review introduces the commonly used t-test, used to compare a
      single mean with a hypothesized value, two means arising from paired data,
      or two means arising from unpaired data. The assumptions underlying these
      tests are also discussed.
AD  - University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
FAU - Whitley, Elise
AU  - Whitley E
FAU - Ball, Jonathan
AU  - Ball J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020712
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Hemoglobins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - *Data Interpretation, Statistical
MH  - Hemoglobins
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units
MH  - Male
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/07/12 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):424-8. Epub 2002 Jul 12.

PMID- 12398783
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Effect of hemofiltration filter adsorption on circulating IL-6 levels in
      septic rats.
PG  - 429-33
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Hemofiltration may modulate the inflammatory response in
      sepsis through a variety of mechanisms. We sought to distinguish clearance
      from adsorption as the principal mechanism responsible for reducing
      circulating IL-6 levels with hemofiltration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine
      hours after cecal ligation and puncture in 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley
      rats, we divided the rats into three groups (6 animals each) and placed
      groups 2 and 3 on a hemofiltration circuit connected between the right
      carotid artery and femoral vein using an AN69 membrane. In the
      hemofiltration group (group 2), ultrafiltrate was replaced with lactated
      Ringer's solution; in the recirculation group (group 3), the ultrafiltrate
      was reinfused into the animal. A sham group (group 1) had an arteriovenous
      circuit inserted but no hemofiltration. Blood was obtained for measurement
      of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) at the start of hemofiltration and
      after 5 and 11 hours of treatment. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: IL-6 levels
      increased only in the sham-treated animals (20.4 +/- 11.3 at baseline to
      62.3 +/- 16.8 pg/ml at 11 hours, P = 0.03) (differences between groups 1
      and 2, P = 0.015, and groups 1 and 3, P = 0.028). TNF levels were highly
      variable but not significantly different among the three groups.
      CONCLUSION: Hemofiltration-associated reductions in circulating IL-6
      levels appear to be secondary to adsorption of mediators to the filter
      membrane. We do not know whether this is due to direct adsorption of IL-6
      per se or to the absorption of other mediators with secondary
      downregulation of IL-6 production or release. In addition, we could not
      exclude an interaction between adsorption and hemofiltration.
AD  - Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical
      Center, PA, USA. Kellumja@ccm.upmc.edu
FAU - Kellum, John A
AU  - Kellum JA
FAU - Dishart, Michael K
AU  - Dishart MK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020619
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
CIN - Crit Care. 2002 Oct;6(5):394-6. PMID: 12398774
MH  - Adsorption
MH  - Animals
MH  - Hemofiltration/*methods
MH  - Interleukin-6/*blood
MH  - Ligation
MH  - Male
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sepsis/*blood/therapy
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*metabolism
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/01/09 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/23 [revised]
PHST- 2002/05/27 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/06/19 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):429-33. Epub 2002 Jun 19.

PMID- 12398784
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Decreased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in severe critical
      illness: a sign of exhausted adrenal reserve?
PG  - 434-8
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulphate (DHEAS) are
      pleiotropic adrenal hormones with immunostimulating and antiglucocorticoid
      effects. The present study was conducted to evaluate the time course of
      DHEAS levels in critically ill patients and to study their association
      with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This
      was a prospective observational clinical and laboratory study, including
      30 patients with septic shock, eight patients with multiple trauma, and 40
      age- and sex-matched control patients. We took serial measurements of
      blood concentrations of DHEAS, cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and
      IL-6, and of adrenocorticotrophic hormone immunoreactivity over 14 days or
      until discharge/death. RESULTS: On admission, DHEAS was extremely low in
      septic shock (1.2 +/- 0.8 mol/l) in comparison with multiple trauma
      patients (2.4 +/- 0.5 micromol/l; P < 0.05) and control patients (4.2 +/-
      1.8; P < 0.01). DHEAS had a significant (P < 0.01) negative correlation
      with age, IL-6 and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
      scores in both patient groups. Only during the acute phase did DHEAS
      negatively correlate with dopamine. Nonsurvivors of septic shock (n = 11)
      had lower DHEAS levels (0.4 +/- 0.3 micromol/l) than did survivors (1.7
      +/- 1.1 micromol/l; P < 0.01). The time course of DHEAS exhibited a
      persistent depletion during follow up, whereas cortisol levels were
      increased at all time points. CONCLUSION: We identified extremely low
      DHEAS levels in septic shock and, to a lesser degree, in multiple trauma
      patients as compared with those of age- and sex-matched control patients.
      There appeared to be a dissociation between DHEAS (decreased) and cortisol
      (increased) levels, which changed only slightly over time. Nonsurvivors of
      sepsis and patients with relative adrenal insufficiency had the lowest
      DHEAS values, suggesting that DHEAS might be a prognostic marker and a
      sign of exhausted adrenal reserve in critical illness.
AD  - Department of Intensive Care, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The
      Netherlands. beishuizen@vumc.nl
FAU - Beishuizen, Albertus
AU  - Beishuizen A
FAU - Thijs, Lambertus G
AU  - Thijs LG
FAU - Vermes, Istvan
AU  - Vermes I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020709
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 50-23-7 (Hydrocortisone)
RN  - 651-48-9 (Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate)
SB  - IM
MH  - APACHE
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate/*blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocortisone/blood
MH  - Interleukin-6/blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Multiple Trauma/*blood/classification/mortality
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Shock, Septic/*blood/classification/mortality
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/01/29 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/13 [revised]
PHST- 2002/06/18 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/09 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):434-8. Epub 2002 Jul 9.

PMID- 12398785
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Clinical evaluation of the Life Support for Trauma and Transport (LSTAT)
      platform.
PG  - 439-46
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The Life Support for Trauma and Transport (LSTAT trade mark
      ) is a self-contained, stretcher-based miniature intensive care unit
      designed by the United States Army to provide care for critically injured
      patients during transport and in remote settings where resources are
      limited. The LSTAT contains conventional medical equipment that has been
      integrated into one platform and reduced in size to fit within the
      dimensional envelope of a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
      stretcher. This study evaluated the clinical utility of the LSTAT in
      simulated and real clinical environments. Our hypothesis was that the
      LSTAT would be equivalent to conventional equipment in detecting and
      treating life-threatening problems. METHODS: Thirty-one anesthesiologists
      and recovery room nurses compared the LSTAT with conventional monitors
      while managing four simulated critical events. The time required to reach
      a diagnosis and treatment was recorded for each simulation. Subsequently,
      10 consenting adult patients were placed on the LSTAT after surgery for
      postoperative care in the recovery room. Questionnaires about aspects of
      LSTAT functionality were completed by nine nurses who cared for the
      patients placed on the LSTAT. RESULTS: In all of the simulations, there
      was no clinically significant difference in the time to diagnosis or
      treatment between the LSTAT and conventional equipment. All clinicians
      reported that they were able to manage the simulated patients properly
      with the LSTAT. Nursing staff reported that the LSTAT provided adequate
      equipment to care for the patients monitored during recovery from surgery
      and were able to detect critical changes in vital signs in a timely
      manner. DISCUSSION: Preliminary evaluation of the LSTAT in simulated and
      postoperative environments demonstrated that the LSTAT provided
      appropriate equipment to detect and manage critical events in patient
      care. Further work in assessing LSTAT functionality in a higher-acuity
      environment is warranted.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt
      Lake City, USA. kjohnson@remi.med.utah.edu
FAU - Johnson, Ken
AU  - Johnson K
FAU - Pearce, Frederick
AU  - Pearce F
FAU - Westenskow, Dwayne
AU  - Westenskow D
FAU - Ogden, L Lazarre
AU  - Ogden LL
FAU - Farnsworth, Steven
AU  - Farnsworth S
FAU - Peterson, Shane
AU  - Peterson S
FAU - White, Julia
AU  - White J
FAU - Slade, Travis
AU  - Slade T
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Studies
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020710
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Attitude of Health Personnel
MH  - Biomedical Engineering
MH  - Critical Care
MH  - Equipment Design
MH  - Heart Diseases/diagnosis/therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Life Support Care/*instrumentation
MH  - *Patient Simulation
MH  - Postoperative Period
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult/diagnosis/therapy
MH  - *Transportation of Patients
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2001/10/10 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/13 [revised]
PHST- 2002/05/31 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/10 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):439-46. Epub 2002 Jul 10.

PMID- 12398786
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Antithrombin III in patients admitted to intensive care units: a
      multicenter observational study.
PG  - 447-51
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The administration of antithrombin III (ATIII) is useful in
      patients with congenital deficiency, but evidence for the other
      therapeutic indications of this drug is still uncertain. In Italy, the use
      of ATIII is very common in intensive care units (ICUs). For this reason we
      undertook an observational study to determine the pattern of use of ATIII
      in ICUs and to assess the outcome of patients given this treatment.
      METHODS: From 20 May to 20 July 2001 all consecutive patients admitted to
      ICUs in 20 Italian hospitals and treated with ATIII were enrolled. The
      following information was recorded from each patient: congenital
      deficiency, indication for use of ATIII, daily dose and duration of ATIII
      treatment, outcome of hospitalization (alive or dead). The outcome data of
      our observational study were compared with those reported in previously
      published randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS: Two hundred and
      sixteen patients were enrolled in the study. The clinical indications for
      using ATIII were sepsis (25.9%), disseminated intravascular coagulation
      (23.1%), and other clinical conditions (46.8%). At the end of the study,
      65.3% of the patients were alive, 24.5% died and 10.2% were still in the
      hospital. Among the patients with sepsis (n = 56), 19 died during the
      observation period (33.9%; 95% confidence interval 22.1-47.5%).
      DISCUSSION: Our study described the pattern of use of ATIII in Italian
      hospitals and provided information on the outcome of the subgroup treated
      with sepsis. A meta-analysis of current data from RCTs, together with our
      findings, indicates that there is no sound basis for using this drug in
      ICU patients with sepsis.
AD  - Laboratorio SIFO di Farmacoeconomia, c/o Drug Information Center, Azienda
      Ospedaliera Careggi, Florence, Italy. md3439@mclink.it
FAU - Messori, Andrea
AU  - Messori A
FAU - Vacca, Franca
AU  - Vacca F
FAU - Vaiani, Monica
AU  - Vaiani M
FAU - Trippoli, Sabrina
AU  - Trippoli S
CN  - Gruppo di Studio sull'antitrombina III.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Multicenter Study
DEP - 20020724
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 0 (Serine Proteinase Inhibitors)
RN  - 9000-94-6 (Antithrombin III)
SB  - IM
CIN - Crit Care. 2002 Dec;6(6):546-7; author reply 548. PMID: 12512505
MH  - Antithrombin III/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
MH  - Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation/*drug therapy/mortality
MH  - Drug Utilization
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Intensive Care Units
MH  - Italy
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials
MH  - Sepsis/*drug therapy/mortality
MH  - Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/01/08 [received]
PHST- 2002/05/18 [revised]
PHST- 2002/06/20 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/24 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):447-51. Epub 2002 Jul 24.

PMID- 12398787
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Prone positioning does not affect cannula function during extracorporeal
      membrane oxygenation or continuous renal replacement therapy.
PG  - 452-5
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Prone positioning in respiratory failure has been shown to
      be a useful adjunct in the treatment of severe hypoxia. However, the prone
      position can result in dislodgment or malfunction of tubes and cannulae.
      Certain patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or
      continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may also benefit from
      positional therapy. The impact of cannula-related complications in these
      patients is potentially disastrous. The safety and efficacy of prone
      positioning of these patients has not been previously reported. MATERIALS
      AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review evaluated ECMO or CRRT cannula
      location, and displacement or malfunction during positional change or
      while prone. The study was set in a General Surgery and Trauma Intensive
      Care Unit. The subjects were all patients at our institution who
      simultaneously underwent ECMO or CRRT and prone positioning from July 1996
      to July 2001. There were no interventions. RESULTS: Ten patients underwent
      ECMO and 42 patients underwent CRRT during the study period. Seven
      patients underwent simultaneous prone positioning and either ECMO (4/10)
      or CRRT (4/42). A total of 68 turning events (prone to supine or supine to
      prone) were recorded, with each patient averaging 9.7 (range, 4-16)
      turning episodes. Turning was performed with sheets and extra nursing
      personnel; no special mechanical assist devices were used. No patients
      experienced inadvertent cannula removal during turning. Two patients had
      poor flow through their cannulae. In one patient, this occurred in the
      supine position and required repositioning of the cannula. In the second
      patient, cannulae were changed twice and flow was poor in both the supine
      and the prone positions. All ECMO and CRRT patients received venous
      cannulae. Cannula location (seven internal jugular and 11 femoral) did not
      the affect risk of malfunction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients with
      venous cannulae for ECMO or CRRT can be safely placed in the prone
      position. Flow rates are maintained in this position. Potential cannula
      complications of ECMO and CRRT are not a contraindication to prone
      positioning in severely ill patients.
AD  - Division of Traumatology and Surgical Critical Care, Department of
      Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia,
      Pennsylvania, USA.
FAU - Goettler, Claudia E
AU  - Goettler CE
FAU - Pryor, John P
AU  - Pryor JP
FAU - Hoey, Brian A
AU  - Hoey BA
FAU - Phillips, JoAnne K
AU  - Phillips JK
FAU - Balas, Michelle C
AU  - Balas MC
FAU - Shapiro, Michael B
AU  - Shapiro MB
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020829
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/*methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intensive Care Units
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prone Position
MH  - Renal Replacement Therapy/*methods
MH  - Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology/mortality/*therapy
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/02 [received]
PHST- 2002/08/05 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/08/29 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):452-5. Epub 2002 Aug 29.

PMID- 12398788
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20021025
DCOM- 20021203
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1364-8535
VI  - 6
IP  - 5
DP  - 2002 Oct
TI  - Case report: Survival after deliberate strychnine self-poisoning, with
      toxicokinetic data.
PG  - 456-9
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Strychnine poisoning is uncommon, and in most severe cases,
      the patient dies before reaching hospital. The management of strychnine
      poisoning is well documented, although there are few data on the kinetics
      of elimination of strychnine after overdose. CASE REPORT: A 42-year-old
      man presented shortly after ingestion of an unknown quantity of strychnine
      powder. After a respiratory arrest, with intensive supportive management
      requiring admission to an intensive care unit, he survived. Eight serum
      samples were taken over the first 5 days and analysed subsequently for
      strychnine concentrations. RESULTS: The initial concentration at 1.5 hours
      after ingestion was 4.73 mg/l, falling to 0.38 mg/l at 74 hours
      postingestion. Serum concentrations followed a monoexponential elimination
      curve with a calculated elimination half-life of 12 hours. DISCUSSION AND
      CONCLUSION: Strychnine poisoning presents with classical features, and
      with early diagnosis and supportive management, the patient can survive.
      The initial serum concentration of 4.73 mg/l is the highest reported
      concentration in a patient who has survived. Previous reports of the
      elimination half-life have suggested it is between 10 and 16 hours, which
      conforms to the elimination data in our case.
AD  - National Poisons Information Service, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital,
      London, UK. grex1@hotmail.com
FAU - Wood, David
AU  - Wood D
FAU - Webster, Emma
AU  - Webster E
FAU - Martinez, Daniel
AU  - Martinez D
FAU - Dargan, Paul
AU  - Dargan P
FAU - Jones, Alison
AU  - Jones A
LA  - eng
PT  - Case Reports
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20020710
PL  - England
TA  - Crit Care
JID - 9801902
RN  - 57-24-9 (Strychnine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Critical Care
MH  - Half-Life
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Poisoning/diagnosis/*physiopathology/therapy
MH  - Strychnine/blood/pharmacokinetics/*poisoning
MH  - Treatment Outcome
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2002/12/04 04:00
PHST- 2002/05/03 [received]
PHST- 2002/06/06 [revised]
PHST- 2002/06/10 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/07/10 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Crit Care 2002 Oct;6(5):456-9. Epub 2002 Jul 10.

PMID- 12398790
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030423
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Oct 25
TI  - The MRC trial of assessment and management of older people in the
      community: objectives, design and interventions [ISRCTN23494848].
PG  - 21
AB  - BACKGROUND: The benefit of regular multidimensional assessment of older
      people remains controversial. The majority of trials have been too small
      to produce adequate evidence to inform policy. Despite the lack of a firm
      evidence base, UK primary care practitioners (general practitioners) are
      required to offer an annual health check to patients aged 75 years and
      over. DESIGN: Cluster-randomised factorial trial in primary care comparing
      a package of assessments (i) universal versus targeted assessment and (ii)
      management by the primary care team (PC) or a multidisciplinary geriatric
      assessment team (GM). The unit of randomization is the general practice.
      METHODS: Older people aged 75 and over eligible for the over 75s health
      check and excluding those in nursing homes or terminally ill were invited
      to participate. All participants receive a brief assessment covering all
      areas of the over 75s check. In the universal arm all participants also
      receive a detailed health and social assessment by a study nurse while in
      the targeted arm only participants with a pre-determined number and range
      of problems at the brief assessment go on to have the detailed assessment.
      The study nurse follows a standard protocol based on results and responses
      in the detailed assessment to make referrals to (i) the randomised
      management team (PC or GM) (ii) other medical services, health care
      workers or agencies (iii) emergency referrals to the GP. The main outcomes
      are mortality, hospital and institutional admissions and quality of life.
      106 practices and 33,000 older people have been recruited to the trial.
AD  - Centre for Ageing and Public Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical
      Medicine, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, UK. Astrid.Fletcher@Lshtm.ac.uk
FAU - Fletcher, A E
AU  - Fletcher AE
FAU - Jones, D A
AU  - Jones DA
FAU - Bulpitt, C J
AU  - Bulpitt CJ
FAU - Tulloch, A J
AU  - Tulloch AJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
DEP - 20021025
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Cluster Analysis
MH  - Family Practice/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards
MH  - Geriatric Assessment/*methods
MH  - Great Britain/epidemiology
MH  - Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mortality
MH  - *Patient Care Team
MH  - Physical Examination/*methods
MH  - Primary Health Care/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards
MH  - Quality of Life
MH  - Questionnaires
MH  - Referral and Consultation
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - State Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence/standards
EDAT- 2002/10/26 04:00
MHDA- 2003/04/24 05:00
PHST- 2002/06/20 [received]
PHST- 2002/10/25 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/10/25 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Oct 25;2(1):21.

PMID- 12453307
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030206
DCOM- 20030307
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Nov 26
TI  - Calmodulin binding to recombinant myosin-1c and myosin-1c IQ peptides.
PG  - 31
AB  - BACKGROUND: Bullfrog myosin-1c contains three previously recognized
      calmodulin-binding IQ domains (IQ1, IQ2, and IQ3) in its neck region; we
      identified a fourth IQ domain (IQ4), located immediately adjacent to IQ3.
      How calmodulin binds to these IQ domains is the subject of this report.
      RESULTS: In the presence of EGTA, calmodulin bound to synthetic peptides
      corresponding to IQ1, IQ2, and IQ3 with Kd values of 2-4 microM at normal
      ionic strength; the interaction with an IQ4 peptide was much weaker. Ca2+
      substantially weakened the calmodulin-peptide affinity for all of the IQ
      peptides except IQ3. To reveal how calmodulin bound to the linearly
      arranged IQ domains of the myosin-1c neck, we used hydrodynamic
      measurements to determine the stoichiometry of complexes of calmodulin and
      myosin-1c. Purified myosin-1c and T701-Myo1c (a myosin-1c fragment with
      all four IQ domains and the C-terminal tail) each bound 2-3 calmodulin
      molecules. At a physiologically relevant temperature (25 degrees C) and
      under low-Ca2+ conditions, T701-Myo1c bound two calmodulins in the absence
      and three calmodulins in the presence of 5 microM free calmodulin. Ca2+
      dissociated nearly all calmodulins from T701-Myo1c at 25 degrees C; one
      calmodulin was retained if 5 microM free calmodulin was present.
      CONCLUSIONS: We inferred from these data that at 25 degrees C and normal
      cellular concentrations of calmodulin, calmodulin is bound to IQ1, IQ2,
      and IQ3 of myosin-1c when Ca2+ is low. The calmodulin bound to one of
      these IQ domains, probably IQ2, is only weakly associated. Upon Ca2+
      elevation, all calmodulin except that bound to IQ3 should dissociate.
AD  - Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health &
      Science University, Portland OR 97239, USA. gillespp@ohsu.edu
FAU - Gillespie, Peter G
AU  - Gillespie PG
FAU - Cyr, Janet L
AU  - Cyr JL
LA  - eng
GR  - DC02368/DC/NIDCD
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20021126
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Alexa 488 hydrazide)
RN  - 0 (Calmodulin)
RN  - 0 (Hydrazines)
RN  - 0 (Peptides)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.6.1.- (Myosin Type I)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - Calmodulin/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Hydrazines/metabolism
MH  - Hydrophobicity
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Molecular Weight
MH  - Myosin Type I/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Peptide Mapping/methods
MH  - Peptides/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Rana catesbeiana
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Analysis, Protein/methods
EDAT- 2002/11/28 04:00
MHDA- 2003/03/08 04:00
PHST- 2002/08/22 [received]
PHST- 2002/11/26 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/11/26 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Nov 26;3(1):31.

PMID- 12473161
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030415
DCOM- 20030422
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1472-6963
VI  - 2
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Dec 10
TI  - Quality and correlates of medical record documentation in the ambulatory
      care setting.
PG  - 22
AB  - BACKGROUND: Documentation in the medical record facilitates the diagnosis
      and treatment of patients. Few studies have assessed the quality of
      outpatient medical record documentation, and to the authors' knowledge,
      none has conclusively determined the correlates of chart documentation. We
      therefore undertook the present study to measure the rates of
      documentation of quality of care measures in an outpatient primary care
      practice setting that utilizes an electronic medical record. METHODS: We
      reviewed electronic medical records from 834 patients receiving care from
      167 physicians (117 internists and 50 pediatricians) at 14 sites of a
      multi-specialty medical group in Massachusetts. We abstracted information
      for five measures of medical record documentation quality: smoking
      history, medications, drug allergies, compliance with screening
      guidelines, and immunizations. From other sources we determined
      physicians' specialty, gender, year of medical school graduation, and
      self-reported time spent teaching and in patient care. RESULTS: Among
      internists, unadjusted rates of documentation were 96.2% for
      immunizations, 91.6% for medications, 88% for compliance with screening
      guidelines, 61.6% for drug allergies, 37.8% for smoking history. Among
      pediatricians, rates were 100% for immunizations, 84.8% for medications,
      90.8% for compliance with screening guidelines, 50.4% for drug allergies,
      and 20.4% for smoking history. While certain physician and patient
      characteristics correlated with some measures of documentation quality,
      documentation varied depending on the measure. For example, female
      internists were more likely than male internists to document smoking
      history (odds ratio [OR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27 - 2.83)
      but were less likely to document drug allergies (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.35 -
      0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Medical record documentation varied depending on the
      measure, with room for improvement in most domains. A variety of
      characteristics correlated with medical record documentation, but no
      pattern emerged. Further study could lead to targeted interventions to
      improve documentation.
AD  - Department of Ambulatory Care and Prevention, Harvard Medical School and
      Harvard Pilgrim Health Care, Boston, MA, USA.
      carlos_soto@student.hms.harvard.edu <carlos_soto@student.hms.harvard.edu>
FAU - Soto, Carlos M
AU  - Soto CM
FAU - Kleinman, Kenneth P
AU  - Kleinman KP
FAU - Simon, Steven R
AU  - Simon SR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20021210
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Health Serv Res
JID - 101088677
RN  - 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations)
SB  - IM
MH  - Ambulatory Care Information Systems/*standards
MH  - Documentation/*standards
MH  - Female
MH  - Guideline Adherence/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Health Maintenance Organizations/*organization & administration/standards
MH  - Health Services Research
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization
MH  - Internal Medicine/organization & administration
MH  - Male
MH  - Mass Screening/standards
MH  - Massachusetts
MH  - Medical Records Systems, Computerized/*standards
MH  - Pediatrics/organization & administration
MH  - Pharmaceutical Preparations/adverse effects
MH  - Primary Health Care/*organization & administration
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Self Administration
MH  - Smoking Cessation
EDAT- 2002/12/11 04:00
MHDA- 2003/04/23 05:00
PHST- 2002/09/09 [received]
PHST- 2002/12/10 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/12/10 [aheadofprint]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Health Serv Res 2002 Dec 10;2(1):22.

PMID- 12509223
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030206
DCOM- 20030307
LR  - 20050111
PUBM- Print-Electronic
IS  - 1471-2091
VI  - 3
IP  - 1
DP  - 2002 Dec 31
TI  - Src kinase becomes preferentially associated with the VEGFR, KDR/Flk-1,
      following VEGF stimulation of vascular endothelial cells.
PG  - 32
AB  - BACKGROUND: The cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, Src, has been found to play a
      crucial role in VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) - dependent
      vascular permeability involved in angiogenesis. The two main VEGFRs
      present on vascular endothelial cells are KDR/Flk-1 (kinase insert
      domain-containing receptor/fetal liver kinase-1) and Flt-1 (Fms-like
      tyrosine kinase-1). However, to date, it has not been determined which
      VEGF receptor (VEGFR) is involved in binding to and activating Src kinase
      following VEGF stimulation of the receptors. RESULTS: In this report, we
      demonstrate that Src preferentially associates with KDR/Flk-1 rather than
      Flt-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and that VEGF
      stimulation resulted in an increase of Src activity associated with
      activated KDR/Flk-1. These findings were determined through
      immunoprecipitation-kinase experiments and coimmunoprecipitation studies,
      and were further confirmed by GST-pull-down assays and Far Western
      studies. However, Fyn and Yes, unlike Src, were found to associate
      preferentially with Flt-1. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, Src preferentially
      associates with KDR/Flk-1, rather than with Flt-1, upon VEGF stimulation
      in endothelial cells. Our findings further highlight the potential
      significance of upregulated KDR/Flk-1-associated Src activity in the
      process of angiogenesis, and help to elucidate more clearly the specific
      roles and mechanisms involving Src family tyrosine kinase in
      VEGF-stimulated signal transduction events.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary
      Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr, N,W, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N
      4N1. mthchou@ucalgary.ca
FAU - Chou, Mary T
AU  - Chou MT
FAU - Wang, Jing
AU  - Wang J
FAU - Fujita, Donald J
AU  - Fujita DJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20021231
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Biochem
JID - 101084098
RN  - 0 (Endothelial Growth Factors)
RN  - 0 (Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Lymphokines)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors)
RN  - EC 2.5.1.18 (Glutathione Transferase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Protein-Tyrosine Kinase)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (protein-tyrosine kinase c-src)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (proto-oncogene protein c-fyn)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (proto-oncogene protein c-yes)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (src-Family Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cytoplasm/enzymology
MH  - Endothelial Growth Factors/isolation & purification/*metabolism
MH  - Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry/cytology/*enzymology/*metabolism
MH  - Enzyme Activation/physiology
MH  - Glutathione Transferase/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/isolation &
      purification/*metabolism
MH  - Lymphokines/isolation & purification/*metabolism
MH  - Peptide Mapping
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/biosynthesis/genetics/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins/isolation & purification
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Umbilical Veins
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/immunology/isolation &
      purification/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2/isolation &
      purification/*metabolism/physiology
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
MH  - src Homology Domains/physiology
MH  - *src-Family Kinases
EDAT- 2003/01/02 04:00
MHDA- 2003/03/08 04:00
PHST- 2002/11/15 [received]
PHST- 2002/12/31 [accepted]
PHST- 2002/12/31 [aheadofprint]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMC Biochem 2002 Dec 31;3(1):32. Epub 2002 Dec 31.

PMID- 12915527
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Reovirus receptors and pathogenesis.
PG  - 9109-15
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of
      Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
FAU - Forrest, J Craig
AU  - Forrest JC
FAU - Dermody, Terence S
AU  - Dermody TS
LA  - eng
GR  - AI38296/AI/NIAID
GR  - AI50080/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Review, Tutorial
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (junctional adhesion molecule)
RN  - 0 (viral cell attachment protein sigma 1)
RN  - 131-48-6 (N-Acetylneuraminic Acid)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Capsid Proteins/chemistry/physiology
MH  - Carbohydrates/metabolism
MH  - Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - N-Acetylneuraminic Acid/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Virus/*physiology
MH  - Reoviridae/*pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
RF  - 74
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9109-15.

PMID- 12915528
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Chimeric influenza A viruses with a functional influenza B virus
      neuraminidase or hemagglutinin.
PG  - 9116-23
AB  - Reassortment of influenza A and B viruses has never been observed in vivo
      or in vitro. Using reverse genetics techniques, we generated recombinant
      influenza A/WSN/33 (WSN) viruses carrying the neuraminidase (NA) of
      influenza B virus. Chimeric viruses expressing the full-length influenza
      B/Yamagata/16/88 virus NA grew to titers similar to that of wild-type
      influenza WSN virus. Recombinant viruses in which the cytoplasmic tail or
      the cytoplasmic tail and the transmembrane domain of the type B NA were
      replaced with those of the type A NA were impaired in tissue culture. This
      finding correlates with reduced NA content in virions. We also generated a
      recombinant influenza A virus expressing a chimeric hemagglutinin (HA)
      protein in which the ectodomain is derived from type B/Yamagata/16/88
      virus HA, whereas both the cytoplasmic and the transmembrane domains are
      derived from type A/WSN virus HA. This A/B chimeric HA virus did not grow
      efficiently in MDCK cells. However, after serial passage we obtained a
      virus population that grew to titers as high as wild-type influenza A
      virus in MDCK cells. One amino acid change in position 545 (H545Y) was
      found to be responsible for the enhanced growth characteristics of the
      passaged virus. Taken together, we show here that the absence of
      reassortment between influenza viruses belonging to different A and B
      types is not due to spike glycoprotein incompatibility at the level of the
      full-length NA or of the HA ectodomain.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New
      York 10029, USA.
FAU - Flandorfer, Astrid
AU  - Flandorfer A
FAU - Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo
AU  - Garcia-Sastre A
FAU - Basler, Christopher F
AU  - Basler CF
FAU - Palese, Peter
AU  - Palese P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.18 (Neuraminidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Influenza A virus/*genetics/growth & development/physiology
MH  - Influenza B virus/*genetics/growth & development/physiology
MH  - Neuraminidase/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics
MH  - *Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9116-23.

PMID- 12915529
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Targeting of the turnip yellow mosaic virus 66K replication protein to the
      chloroplast envelope is mediated by the 140K protein.
PG  - 9124-35
AB  - Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV), a positive-strand RNA virus in the
      alphavirus-like superfamily, encodes two replication proteins, 140K and
      66K, both being required for its RNA genome replication. The 140K protein
      contains domains indicative of methyltransferase, proteinase, and
      NTPase/helicase, and the 66K protein encompasses the RNA-dependent RNA
      polymerase domain. During viral infection, the 66K protein localizes to
      virus-induced chloroplastic membrane vesicles, which are closely
      associated with TYMV RNA replication. To investigate the determinants of
      its subcellular localization, the 66K protein was expressed in plant
      protoplasts from separate plasmids. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion
      and immunofluorescence experiments demonstrated that the 66K protein
      displayed a cytoplasmic distribution when expressed individually but that
      it was relocated to the chloroplast periphery under conditions in which
      viral replication occurred. The 66K protein produced from an expression
      vector was functional in viral replication since it could transcomplement
      a defective replication template. Targeting of the 66K protein to the
      chloroplast envelope in the course of the viral infection appeared to be
      solely dependent on the expression of the 140K protein. Analysis of the
      subcellular localization of the 140K protein fused to GFP demonstrated
      that it is targeted to the chloroplast envelope in the absence of other
      viral factors and that it induces the clumping of the chloroplasts, one of
      the typical cytological effects of TYMV infection. These results suggests
      that the 140K protein is a key organizer of the assembly of the TYMV
      replication complexes and a major determinant for their chloroplastic
      localization and retention.
AD  - Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592,
      CNRS-Universites Paris 6-Paris 7, 75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
FAU - Prod'homme, Delphine
AU  - Prod'homme D
FAU - Jakubiec, Anna
AU  - Jakubiec A
FAU - Tournier, Vincent
AU  - Tournier V
FAU - Drugeon, Gabriele
AU  - Drugeon G
FAU - Jupin, Isabelle
AU  - Jupin I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Arabidopsis/virology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Brassica napus/virology
MH  - Chloroplasts/*virology
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Intracellular Membranes/virology
MH  - Molecular Weight
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Tymovirus/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9124-35.

PMID- 12915530
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - A wild-type porcine encephalomyocarditis virus containing a short poly(C)
      tract is pathogenic to mice, pigs, and cynomolgus macaques.
PG  - 9136-46
AB  - Previous studies using wild-type Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and
      Mengo virus, which have long poly(C) tracts (61 to 146 C's) at the 5'
      nontranslated region of the genome, and variants of these viruses
      genetically engineered to truncate or substitute the poly(C) tracts have
      produced conflicting data on the role of the poly(C) tract in the
      virulence of these viruses. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of an EMCV
      strain isolated from an aborted swine fetus (EMCV 30/87) revealed that the
      virus had a poly(C) tract that was 7- to 10-fold shorter than the poly(C)
      tracts of other EMCV strains and 4-fold shorter than that of Mengo virus.
      Subsequently, we investigated the virulence and pathogenesis of this
      naturally occurring short-poly(C)-tract-containing virus in rodents, pigs,
      and nonhuman primates. Infection of C57BL/6 mice, pigs, and cynomolgus
      macaques resulted in similar EMCV 30/87 pathogenesis, with the heart and
      brain as the primary sites of infections in all three animals, but with
      different disease phenotypes. Sixteen percent of EMCV 30/87-infected pigs
      developed acute fatal cardiac failure, whereas the rest of the pigs were
      overtly asymptomatic for as long as 90 days postinfection (p.i.), despite
      extensive myocardial and central nervous system (CNS) pathological
      changes. In contrast, mice infected with >/==" BORDER="0">4 PFU of EMCV
      30/87 developed acute encephalitis that resulted in the death of all
      animals (n = 25) between days 2 and 7 p.i. EMCV 30/87-infected macaques
      remained overtly asymptomatic for 45 days, despite extensive myocardial
      and CNS pathological changes and viral persistence in more than 50% of the
      animals. The short poly(C) tract in EMCV 30/87 (CUC(5)UC(8)) was
      comparable to that of strain 2887A/91 (C(10)UCUC(3)UC(10)), another recent
      porcine isolate.
AD  - Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul,
      Minnesota 55108, USA.
FAU - LaRue, Rebecca
AU  - LaRue R
FAU - Myers, Suzanne
AU  - Myers S
FAU - Brewer, Laurie
AU  - Brewer L
FAU - Shaw, Daniel P
AU  - Shaw DP
FAU - Brown, Corrie
AU  - Brown C
FAU - Seal, Bruce S
AU  - Seal BS
FAU - Njenga, M Kariuki
AU  - Njenga MK
LA  - eng
GR  - HL04369/HL/NHLBI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 30811-80-4 (Poly C)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Brain/pathology/virology
MH  - Cardiovirus Infections/*etiology/pathology/virology
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Encephalomyelitis, Enzootic Porcine/*etiology/pathology/virology
MH  - Encephalomyocarditis virus/classification/*genetics/*pathogenicity
MH  - Heart/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Macaca fascicularis
MH  - Mengovirus/genetics/pathogenicity
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Myocardium/pathology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Poly C/genetics
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Sus scrofa
MH  - Virulence/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9136-46.

PMID- 12915531
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Competition between the Sendai virus N mRNA start site and the genome
      3'-end promoter for viral RNA polymerase.
PG  - 9147-55
AB  - The genomic and antigenomic 3'-end replication promoters of Sendai virus
      are bipartite in nature and symmetrical, composed of le or tr sequences; a
      gene start or gene end site, respectively; and a simple hexameric repeat.
      The relative strengths of these 3'-end promoters determines the ratios of
      genomes and antigenomes formed during infection and whether model
      mini-genomes can be rescued from DNA by nondefective helper viruses. Using
      these tests of promoter strength, we have confirmed that tr is stronger
      than le in this respect. We have also found that the presence of a gene
      start site within either 3'-end promoter strongly reduces 3'-end promoter
      strength. The negative effects of the gene start site on the 3'-end
      promoter suggest that these closely spaced RNA start sites compete with
      each other for a common pool of viral RNA polymerase. The manner in which
      this competition could occur for polymerase off the template (in trans)
      and polymerase on the template (in cis) adds insight into how the viral
      RNA polymerase switches between its dual functions as transcriptase and
      replicase.
AD  - Department of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Geneva School of
      Medicine, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
FAU - Le Mercier, Philippe
AU  - Le Mercier P
FAU - Garcin, Dominique
AU  - Garcin D
FAU - Garcia, Eduardo
AU  - Garcia E
FAU - Kolakofsky, Daniel
AU  - Kolakofsky D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (NP protein)
RN  - 0 (Nucleoproteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Viral Core Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.6 (DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Binding, Competitive
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Defective Viruses/genetics/physiology
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - Helper Viruses/genetics/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Nucleoproteins/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/*genetics
MH  - Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sendai virus/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Viral Core Proteins/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9147-55.

PMID- 12915532
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Respiratory syncytial virus infection sensitizes cells to apoptosis
      mediated by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.
PG  - 9156-72
AB  - Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory
      tract disease worldwide, especially in the pediatric population. For
      viruses in general, apoptotic death of infected cells is a mechanism for
      reducing virus replication. Apoptosis can also be an important factor in
      augmenting antigen presentation and the host immune response. We examined
      apoptosis in response to RSV infection of primary small airway cells,
      primary tracheal-bronchial cells, and A549 and HEp-2 cell lines. The
      primary cells and the A549 cell line gave generally similar responses,
      indicating their appropriateness as models in contrast to HEp-2 cells.
      With the use of RNase protection assays with probes representing 33 common
      apoptosis factors, we found strong transcriptional activation of both pro-
      and antiapoptotic factors in response to RSV infection, which were further
      studied at the protein level and by functional assays. In particular, RSV
      infection strongly up-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis
      factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and its functional
      receptors death receptor 4 (DR4) and DR5. Furthermore, RSV-infected cells
      became highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by exogenous TRAIL. These
      findings suggest that RSV-infected cells in vivo are susceptible to
      killing through the TRAIL pathway by immune cells such as natural killer
      and CD4(+) cells that bear membrane-bound TRAIL. RSV infection also
      induced several proapoptotic factors of the Bcl-2 family and caspases 3,
      6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, representing both the death receptor- and
      mitochondrion-dependent apoptotic pathways. RSV also mediated the strong
      induction of antiapoptotic factors of the Bcl-2 family, especially Mcl-1,
      which might account for the delayed induction of apoptosis in RSV-infected
      cells in the absence of exogenous induction of the TRAIL pathway.
AD  - Respiratory Viruses Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National
      Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of
      Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
FAU - Kotelkin, Alexander
AU  - Kotelkin A
FAU - Prikhod'ko, Elena A
AU  - Prikhod'ko EA
FAU - Cohen, Jeffrey I
AU  - Cohen JI
FAU - Collins, Peter L
AU  - Collins PL
FAU - Bukreyev, Alexander
AU  - Bukreyev A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (MCL1 protein)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Neoplasm Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor)
RN  - 0 (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 0 (death receptor-4)
RN  - 0 (death receptor-5)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Apoptosis/*physiology
MH  - Caspases/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Epithelial Cells/pathology/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Lung/pathology/virology
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
MH  - Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics
MH  - Respiratory Syncytial Virus
      Infections/etiology/genetics/*pathology/virology
MH  - Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/*pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Up-Regulation
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9156-72.

PMID- 12915533
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Tsg101 control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag trafficking and
      release.
PG  - 9173-82
AB  - The structural precursor polyprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type
      1, Pr55(gag), contains a proline-rich motif (PTAP) called the "late
      domain" in its C-terminal p6 region that directs release of mature
      virus-like particles (VLPs) from the plasma membranes of gag-transfected
      COS-1 cells. The motif binds Tsg101 (vacuolar protein-sorting protein 23,
      or Vps23), which functions in endocytic trafficking. Here, we show that
      accumulation of the wild-type (wt) Gag precursor in a fraction of COS-1
      cytoplasm enriched in multivesicular bodies and small particulate
      components of the plasma membrane (P100) is p6 dependent. Cleavage
      intermediates and mature CA mainly partitioned with more rapidly
      sedimenting larger material enriched in components of lysosomes and early
      endosomes (P27), and this also was p6 dependent. Expression of truncated
      or full-length Tsg101 proteins interfered with VLP assembly and Gag
      accumulation in the P100 fraction. This correlated with reduced
      accumulation of Gag tagged with green fluorescent protein (Gag-GFP) at the
      plasma membrane and colocalization with the tagged Tsg101 in perinuclear
      early endosomes, as visualized by confocal microscopy. Fractionation
      analysis and confocal examination both indicated that the N-terminal
      region of Tsg101, which contains binding sites for PTAP and ubiquitin
      (Ub), was required for Gag trafficking to the plasma membrane. Expression
      of FLAG-tagged Tsg101 with a deletion in the Ub-binding pocket inhibited
      VLP release almost completely and to a significantly greater extent than
      expression of the wt tagged Tsg101 protein or Tsg101-FLAG containing a
      deletion in the PTAP-binding region. The results demonstrate that Gag
      associates with endosomal trafficking compartments and indicate that
      efficient release of virus particles from the plasma membrane requires
      both the PTAP- and Ub-binding functions of Tsg101 to recruit the cellular
      machinery required for budding.
AD  - Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, State University of New
      York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5222, USA.
FAU - Goff, A
AU  - Goff A
FAU - Ehrlich, L S
AU  - Ehrlich LS
FAU - Cohen, S N
AU  - Cohen SN
FAU - Carter, C A
AU  - Carter CA
LA  - eng
GR  - GM 48294/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, gag)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Tsg101 protein)
RN  - 0 (Ubiquitin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Gene Products, gag/genetics/*physiology
MH  - HIV-1/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Peptide Fragments/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Protein Transport
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Ubiquitin/metabolism
MH  - Virus Assembly
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9173-82.

PMID- 12915534
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Adenovirus type 11 uses CD46 as a cellular receptor.
PG  - 9183-91
AB  - The 51 human adenovirus serotypes are divided into six species (A to F).
      Many adenoviruses use the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR) for
      attachment to host cells in vitro. Species B adenoviruses do not compete
      with CAR-binding serotypes for binding to host cells, and it has been
      suggested that species B adenoviruses use a receptor other than CAR.
      Species B adenoviruses mainly cause disease in the respiratory tract, the
      eyes, and in the urinary tract. Here we demonstrate that adenovirus type
      11 (Ad11; of species B) binds to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
      transfected with CD46 (membrane cofactor protein)-cDNA at least 10 times
      more strongly than to CHO cells transfected with cDNAs encoding CAR or
      CD55 (decay accelerating factor). Nonpermissive CHO cells were rendered
      permissive to Ad11 infection upon transfection with CD46-cDNA. Soluble
      Ad11 fiber knob but not Ad7 or Ad5 knob inhibited binding of Ad11 virions
      to CD46-transfected cells, and anti-CD46 antibodies inhibited both binding
      of and infection by Ad11. From these results we conclude that CD46 is a
      cellular receptor for Ad11.
AD  - Department of Virology, Umea University, SE-90185 Umea, Sweden.
FAU - Segerman, Anna
AU  - Segerman A
FAU - Atkinson, John P
AU  - Atkinson JP
FAU - Marttila, Marko
AU  - Marttila M
FAU - Dennerquist, Veronica
AU  - Dennerquist V
FAU - Wadell, Goran
AU  - Wadell G
FAU - Arnberg, Niklas
AU  - Arnberg N
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD55)
RN  - 0 (CAR receptor)
RN  - 0 (CD46 antigen)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Recombinant)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (adenovirus receptor)
RN  - 7439-96-5 (Manganese)
RN  - 7440-70-2 (Calcium)
RN  - EC 3.4.21.4 (Trypsin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenoviruses, Human/classification/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal
MH  - Antigens, CD/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Antigens, CD55/genetics/physiology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Calcium/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Recombinant/genetics
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Humans
MH  - Manganese/metabolism
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Receptors, Virus/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Trypsin/pharmacology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9183-91.

PMID- 12915535
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Association of the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 gene product with the
      cellular kinesin light-chain-related protein PAT1 results in the
      redistribution of both polypeptides.
PG  - 9192-203
AB  - The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) Us11 gene encodes a
      multifunctional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein that is
      expressed late in infection and packaged into the tegument layer of the
      virus particle. As a tegument component, Us11 associates with nascent
      capsids after its synthesis late in the infectious cycle and is delivered
      into newly infected cells at times prior to the expression of viral genes.
      Us11 is also an abundant late protein that regulates translation through
      its association with host components and contains overlapping nucleolar
      retention and nuclear export signals, allowing its accumulation in both
      nucleoli and the cytosol. Thus, at various times during the viral life
      cycle and in different intracellular compartments, Us11 has the potential
      to execute discrete tasks. The analysis of these functions, however, is
      complicated by the fact that Us11 is not essential for viral replication
      in cultured cells. To discover new host targets for the Us11 protein, we
      searched for cellular proteins that interact with Us11 and have identified
      PAT1 as a Us11-binding protein according to multiple, independent
      experimental criteria. PAT1 binds microtubules, participates in amyloid
      precursor protein trafficking, and has homology to the kinesin light chain
      (KLC) in its carboxyl terminus. The carboxyl-terminal dsRNA-binding domain
      of Us11, which also contains the nucleolar retention and nuclear export
      signals, binds PAT1, whereas 149 residues derived from the KLC homology
      region of PAT1 are important for binding to Us11. Both PAT1 and Us11
      colocalize within a perinuclear area in transiently transfected and
      HSV-1-infected cells. The 149 amino acids derived from the KLC homology
      region are required for colocalization of the two polypeptides.
      Furthermore, although PAT1 normally accumulates in the nuclear
      compartment, Us11 expression results in the exclusion of PAT1 from the
      nucleus and its accumulation in the perinuclear space. Similarly, Us11
      does not accumulate in the nucleoli of infected cells that overexpress
      PAT1. These results establish that Us11 and PAT1 can associate, resulting
      in an altered subcellular distribution of both polypeptides. The
      association between PAT1, a cellular trafficking protein with homology to
      KLC, and Us11, along with a recent report demonstrating an interaction
      between Us11 and the ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain (R. J. Diefenbach et
      al., J. Virol. 76:3282-3291, 2002), suggests that these associations may
      be important for the intracellular movement of viral components.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and NYU Cancer Institute, New York University
      School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
FAU - Benboudjema, Louisa
AU  - Benboudjema L
FAU - Mulvey, Matthew
AU  - Mulvey M
FAU - Gao, Yuehua
AU  - Gao Y
FAU - Pimplikar, Sanjay W
AU  - Pimplikar SW
FAU - Mohr, Ian
AU  - Mohr I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Microtubule-Associated Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (US11 protein, virus)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 0 (kinesin light-chain proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Carrier Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Dogs
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Subcellular Fractions/metabolism/virology
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9192-203.

PMID- 12915536
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Replication of hepatitis C virus subgenomes in nonhepatic epithelial and
      mouse hepatoma cells.
PG  - 9204-10
AB  - The hepatitis C virus (HCV) pandemic affects the health of more than 170
      million people and is the major indication for orthotopic liver
      transplantations. Although the human liver is the primary site for HCV
      replication, it is not known whether extrahepatic tissues are also
      infected by the virus and whether nonprimate cells are permissive for RNA
      replication. Because HCV exists as a quasispecies, it is conceivable that
      a viral population may include variants that can replicate in different
      cell types and in other species. We have tested this hypothesis and found
      that subgenomic HCV RNAs can replicate in mouse hepatoma and nonhepatic
      human epithelial cells. Replicons isolated from these cell lines carry new
      mutations that could be involved in the control of tropism of the virus.
      Our results demonstrated that translation and RNA-directed RNA replication
      of HCV do not depend on hepatocyte or primate-specific factors. Moreover,
      our results could open the path for the development of animal models for
      HCV infection.
AD  - Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia,
      Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
FAU - Zhu, Qing
AU  - Zhu Q
FAU - Guo, Ju-Tao
AU  - Guo JT
FAU - Seeger, Christoph
AU  - Seeger C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
CIN - Hepatology. 2004 Mar;39(3):835-8. PMID: 14999704
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Epithelial Cells/virology
MH  - *Genome, Viral
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Hepacivirus/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Hepatitis C/virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/virology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mutation
MH  - RNA, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Replicon/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Tumor Cells, Cultured
MH  - Virus Replication/*genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9204-10.

PMID- 12915537
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Production of human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in
      transgenic plants.
PG  - 9211-20
AB  - Cervical cancer is linked to infection with human papillomaviruses (HPV)
      and is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. There is a
      strong demand for the development of an HPV preventive vaccine. Transgenic
      plants expressing the HPV major capsid protein L1 could be a system to
      produce virus-like particles for prophylactic vaccination or could even be
      used as edible vaccines to induce an L1-specific prophylactic immune
      response. Here, we describe the generation of transgenic tobacco and
      potato plants carrying the HPV type 16 major structural gene L1 under the
      control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. All attempts to
      express either the original, unmodified L1 gene or an L1 gene with a codon
      usage optimized for expression in plants failed. Surprisingly, small
      amounts of the protein were detected using an L1 gene optimized for
      expression in human cells. However, Northern blot analysis revealed that
      most of the L1 transcripts were degraded. Introduction of the
      translational enhancer Omega derived from the tobacco mosaic virus
      strongly increased transcript stability and resulted in accumulation of L1
      protein to approximately 0.5 to 0.2% of total soluble protein in
      transgenic tobacco and potato plants, respectively. The plant-derived L1
      protein displayed conformation-specific epitopes and assembled into
      virus-like particles. Furthermore, we did not find any indications of
      protein modification of the L1 protein produced in plants. Plant-derived
      L1 was as immunogenic as L1 expressed in baculovirus-infected insect
      cells. Feeding of tubers from transgenic potatoes to mice induced an
      anti-L1 antibody response in 3 out of 24 mice, although this response was
      only transient in two of the mice. Our data, however, indicate that an
      anti-L1 response was primed in about half of the 24 animals.
AD  - Institut fur Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, 06466
      Gatersleben, Germany.
FAU - Biemelt, Sophia
AU  - Biemelt S
FAU - Sonnewald, Uwe
AU  - Sonnewald U
FAU - Galmbacher, Petra
AU  - Galmbacher P
FAU - Willmitzer, Lothar
AU  - Willmitzer L
FAU - Muller, Martin
AU  - Muller M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Oncogene Proteins, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Edible)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (oncogene viral capsid protein, L1 human papillomavirus type 16)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Capsid Proteins
MH  - Enhancer Elements (Genetics)
MH  - Female
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Oncogene Proteins, Viral/biosynthesis/genetics/immunology
MH  - Papillomavirus Infections/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Papillomavirus, Human/*genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Plants, Genetically Modified
MH  - Potatoes/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tobacco/genetics
MH  - Tobacco Mosaic Virus/genetics
MH  - Tumor Virus Infections/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Vaccines, Edible/genetics
MH  - Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Viral Vaccines/genetics/isolation & purification
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9211-20.

PMID- 12915538
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Mutations in the N termini of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 gDs alter
      functional interactions with the entry/fusion receptors HVEM, nectin-2,
      and 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate but not with nectin-1.
PG  - 9221-31
AB  - Multiple cell surface molecules (herpesvirus entry mediator [HVEM],
      nectin-1, nectin-2, and 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate) can serve as entry
      receptors for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or HSV-2 and also as
      receptors for virus-induced cell fusion. Viral glycoprotein D (gD) is the
      ligand for these receptors. A previous study showed that HVEM makes
      contact with HSV-1 gD at regions within amino acids 7 to 15 and 24 to 32
      at the N terminus of gD. In the present study, amino acid substitutions
      and deletions were introduced into the N termini of HSV-1 and HSV-2 gDs to
      determine the effects on interactions with all of the known human and
      mouse entry/fusion receptors, including mouse HVEM, for which data on HSV
      entry or cell fusion were not previously reported. A cell fusion assay was
      used to assess functional activity of the gD mutants with each
      entry/fusion receptor. Soluble gD:Fc hybrids carrying each mutation were
      tested for the ability to bind to cells expressing the entry/fusion
      receptors. We found that deletions overlapping either or both of the HVEM
      contact regions, in either HSV-1 or HSV-2 gD, severely reduced cell fusion
      and binding activity with all of the human and mouse receptors except
      nectin-1. Amino acid substitutions described previously for HSV-1 (L25P,
      Q27P, and Q27R) were individually introduced into HSV-2 gD and, for both
      serotypes, were found to be without effect on cell fusion and the binding
      activity for nectin-1. Each of these three substitutions in HSV-1 gD
      enhanced fusion with cells expressing human nectin-2 (ordinarily low for
      wild-type HSV-1 gD), but the same substitutions in HSV-2 gD were without
      effect on the already high level of cell fusion observed with the
      wild-type protein. The Q27P or Q27R substitution in either HSV-1 and HSV-2
      gD, but not the L25P substitution, significantly reduced cell fusion and
      binding activity for both human and mouse HVEM. Each of the three
      substitutions in HSV-1 gD, as well as the deletions mentioned above,
      reduced fusion with cells bearing 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate. Thus, the
      N terminus of HSV-1 or HSV-2 gD is not necessary for functional
      interactions with nectin-1 but is necessary for all of the other receptors
      tested here. The sequence of the N terminus determines whether nectin-2 or
      3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate, as well as HVEM, can serve as entry/fusion
      receptors.
AD  - Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine,
      Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
FAU - Yoon, Miri
AU  - Yoon M
FAU - Zago, Anna
AU  - Zago A
FAU - Shukla, Deepak
AU  - Shukla D
FAU - Spear, Patricia G
AU  - Spear PG
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 CA21776/CA/NCI
GR  - R37 AI36293/AI/NIAID
GR  - U19 AI31494/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Recombinant)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein D-herpes simplex virus type 2)
RN  - 0 (herpesvirus entry mediator)
RN  - 0 (nectin)
RN  - 9050-30-0 (Heparitin Sulfate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Amino Acid Substitution
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology
MH  - DNA, Recombinant/genetics
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Heparitin Sulfate/physiology
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Herpesvirus 2, Human/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Membrane Fusion/physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/physiology
MH  - Receptors, Virus/physiology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9221-31.

PMID- 12915539
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Effects of modification of the transcription initiation site context on
      citrus tristeza virus subgenomic RNA synthesis.
PG  - 9232-43
AB  - Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), a member of the Closteroviridae, has a
      positive-sense RNA genome of about 20 kb organized into 12 open reading
      frames (ORFs). The last 10 ORFs are expressed through 3'-coterminal
      subgenomic RNAs (sgRNAs) regulated in both amounts and timing.
      Additionally, relatively large amounts of complementary sgRNAs are
      produced. We have been unable to determine whether these sgRNAs are
      produced by internal promotion from the full-length template minus strand
      or by transcription from the minus-stranded sgRNAs. Understanding the
      regulation of 10 sgRNAs is a conceptual challenge. In analyzing
      commonalities of a replicase complex in producing so many sgRNAs, we
      examined initiating nucleotides of the sgRNAs. We mapped the 5' termini of
      intermediate- (CP and p13) and low- (p18) produced sgRNAs that, like the
      two highly abundant sgRNAs (p20 and p23) previously mapped, all initiate
      with an adenylate. We then examined modifications of the initiation site,
      which has been shown to be useful in defining mechanisms of sgRNA
      synthesis. Surprisingly, mutation of the initiating nucleotide of the CTV
      sgRNAs did not prevent sgRNA accumulation. Based on our results, the CTV
      replication complex appears to initiate sgRNA synthesis with purines,
      preferably with adenylates, and is able to initiate synthesis using a
      nucleotide a few positions 5' or 3' of the native initiation nucleotide.
      Furthermore, the context of the initiation site appears to be a regulatory
      mechanism for levels of sgRNA production. These data do not support either
      of the established mechanisms for synthesis of sgRNAs, suggesting that CTV
      sgRNA production utilizes a different mechanism.
AD  - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Citrus Research and
      Education Center, Lake Alfred, Florida 33850, USA.
FAU - Ayllon, Maria A
AU  - Ayllon MA
FAU - Gowda, Siddarame
AU  - Gowda S
FAU - Satyanarayana, Tatineni
AU  - Satyanarayana T
FAU - Karasev, Alexander V
AU  - Karasev AV
FAU - Adkins, Scott
AU  - Adkins S
FAU - Mawassi, Munir
AU  - Mawassi M
FAU - Guerri, Jose
AU  - Guerri J
FAU - Moreno, Pedro
AU  - Moreno P
FAU - Dawson, William O
AU  - Dawson WO
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Citrus/virology
MH  - Closteroviridae/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - RNA, Viral/*biosynthesis/*genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Transcription, Genetic
MH  - Virus Replication/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9232-43.

PMID- 12915540
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Characterization of the RNA-binding domains in the replicase proteins of
      tomato bushy stunt virus.
PG  - 9244-58
AB  - Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a tombusvirus with a nonsegmented,
      plus-stranded RNA genome, codes for two essential replicase proteins. The
      sequence of one of the replicase proteins, namely p33, overlaps with the
      N-terminal domain of p92, which contains the signature motifs of
      RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps) in its nonoverlapping C-terminal
      portion. In this work, we demonstrate that both replicase proteins bind to
      RNA in vitro based on gel mobility shift and surface plasmon resonance
      measurements. We also show evidence that the binding of p33 to
      single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) is stronger than binding to double-stranded
      RNA (dsRNA), ssDNA, or dsDNA in vitro. Competition experiments with ssRNA
      revealed that p33 binds to a TBSV-derived sequence with higher affinity
      than to other nonviral ssRNA sequences. Additional studies revealed that
      p33 could bind to RNA in a cooperative manner. Using deletion derivatives
      of the Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins in gel mobility
      shift and Northwestern assays, we demonstrate that p33 and the overlapping
      domain of p92, based on its sequence identity with p33, contain an
      arginine- and proline-rich RNA-binding motif (termed RPR, which has the
      sequence RPRRRP). This motif is highly conserved among tombusviruses and
      related carmoviruses, and it is similar to the arginine-rich motif present
      in the Tat trans-activator protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
      We also find that the nonoverlapping C-terminal domain of p92 contains
      additional RNA-binding regions. Interestingly, the location of one of the
      RNA-binding domains in p92 is similar to the RNA-binding domain of the
      NS5B RdRp protein of hepatitis C virus.
AD  - Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
      40546, USA.
FAU - Rajendran, K S
AU  - Rajendran KS
FAU - Nagy, Peter D
AU  - Nagy PD
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA Replicase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Nucleic Acid Conformation
MH  - Peptide Mapping
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - RNA Replicase/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Tombusvirus/*genetics/*metabolism
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9244-58.

PMID- 12915541
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20040818
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Identification of a mutation in editing of defective Newcastle disease
      virus recombinants that modulates P-gene mRNA editing and restores virus
      replication and pathogenicity in chicken embryos.
PG  - 9259-65
AB  - Editing of P-gene mRNA of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) enables the
      formation of two additional proteins (V and W) by inserting one or two
      nontemplated G residues at a conserved editing site (5'-AAAAAGGG). The V
      protein of NDV plays an important role in virus replication and is also a
      virulence factor presumably due to its ability to counteract the antiviral
      effects of interferon. A recombinant virus possessing a nucleotide
      substitution within the A-stretch (5'-AAgAAGGG) produced 20-fold-less V
      protein and, in consequence, was impaired in replication capacity and
      completely attenuated in pathogenicity for chicken embryos. However, in a
      total of seven serial passages, restoration of replication and pathogenic
      capacity in 9- to 11-day-old chicken embryos was noticed. Determining the
      sequence around the editing site of the virus at passage 7 revealed a
      C-to-U mutation at the second nucleotide immediately upstream of the
      5'-A(5) stretch (5'-GuUAAgAAGGG). The V mRNA increased from an
      undetectable level at passage 5 to ca. 1 and 5% at passages 6 and 7,
      respectively. In addition, similar defects in another mutant possessing a
      different substitution mutation (5'-AAAcAGGG) were restored in an
      identical manner within a total of seven serial passages. Introduction of
      the above C-to-U mutation into the parent virus (5'-GuUAAAAAGGG) altered
      the frequency of P, V, and W mRNAs from 68, 28, and 4% to 15, 44, and 41%,
      respectively, demonstrating that the U at this position is a key
      determinant in modulating P-gene mRNA editing. The results indicate that
      this second-site mutation is required to compensate for the drop in edited
      mRNAs and consequently to restore the replication capacity, as well as the
      pathogenic potential, of editing-defective NDV recombinants.
AD  - Department of Virology, Intervet International B.V., 5830 AA Boxmeer, The
      Netherlands. teshome.mebatsion@intervet.com
FAU - Mebatsion, Teshome
AU  - Mebatsion T
FAU - de Vaan, Leonie T C
AU  - de Vaan LT
FAU - de Haas, Niels
AU  - de Haas N
FAU - Romer-Oberdorfer, Angela
AU  - Romer-Oberdorfer A
FAU - Braber, Marian
AU  - Braber M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (P phosphoprotein, Newcastle disease virus)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
EIN - J Virol. 2003 Oct;77(20):11299
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Newcastle disease virus/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Phosphoproteins/*genetics
MH  - RNA Editing/*genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Viral Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Virulence/genetics
MH  - Virus Replication/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9259-65.

PMID- 12915542
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Local character of readthrough activation in adenovirus type 5 early
      region 1 transcription control.
PG  - 9266-77
AB  - Wild-type early activity of the adenovirus 5 E1b gene promoter requires
      readthrough transcription originating from the adjacent upstream E1a gene.
      This unusual mode of viral transcription activation was identified by
      genetic manipulation of the mouse beta(maj)-globin gene transcription
      termination sequence (GGT) inserted into the E1a gene. To facilitate
      further study of the mechanism of readthrough activation, the activities
      of GGT and a composite termination sequence CT were tested in recombinant
      adenoviruses containing luciferase reporters driven by the E1b promoter.
      There was a strict correlation between readthrough and substantial
      downstream gene expression, indicating that interference with downstream
      transcription was not a unique property of GGT. Blockage of readthrough
      transcription of E1a had no apparent effect on early expression of the
      major late promoter, the next active promoter downstream of E1b. A test
      for epistatic interaction between termination sequence insertions and E1a
      enhancer mutations suggested that readthrough activation and E1a enhancer
      activation of the E1b promoter are mechanistically distinct. In addition,
      substitution of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter
      for the E1b promoter suppressed the requirement for readthrough. These
      results suggest that readthrough activation is a "local" effect of a
      direct interaction between the invading transcription elongation complex
      and the E1b promoter. DNase I hypersensitivity footprinting provided
      evidence that this interaction altered an extensive E1b promoter
      DNA-protein complex that was assembled in the absence of readthrough
      transcription.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Inter-College Graduate
      Degree Program in Genetics, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State
      University, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
FAU - Shen, Li
AU  - Shen L
FAU - Spector, David J
AU  - Spector DJ
LA  - eng
GR  - GM058214/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Adenovirus E1A Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Adenovirus E1B Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Recombinant)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics
MH  - Adenovirus E1B Proteins/*genetics
MH  - Adenoviruses, Human/*genetics
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Recombinant/genetics
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Enhancer Elements (Genetics)
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - *Trans-Activation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9266-77.

PMID- 12915543
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Recombinant sindbis/Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus is highly
      attenuated and immunogenic.
PG  - 9278-86
AB  - Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an important, naturally
      emerging zoonotic virus. VEEV was a significant human and equine pathogen
      for much of the past century, and recent outbreaks in Venezuela and
      Colombia (1995), with about 100,000 human cases, indicate that this virus
      still poses a serious public health threat. The live attenuated TC-83
      vaccine strain of VEEV was developed in the 1960s using a traditional
      approach of serial passaging in tissue culture of the virulent Trinidad
      donkey (TrD) strain. This vaccine presents several problems, including
      adverse, sometimes severe reactions in many human vaccinees. The TC-83
      strain also retains residual murine virulence and is lethal for suckling
      mice after intracerebral (i.c.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation. To
      overcome these negative effects, we developed a recombinant, chimeric
      Sindbis/VEE virus (SIN-83) that is more highly attenuated. The genome of
      this virus encoded the replicative enzymes and the cis-acting RNA elements
      derived from Sindbis virus (SINV), one of the least human-pathogenic
      alphaviruses. The structural proteins were derived from VEEV TC-83. The
      SIN-83 virus, which contained an additional adaptive mutation in the nsP2
      gene, replicated efficiently in common cell lines and did not cause
      detectable disease in adult or suckling mice after either i.c. or s.c.
      inoculation. However, SIN-83-vaccinated mice were efficiently protected
      against challenge with pathogenic strains of VEEV. Our findings suggest
      that the use of the SINV genome as a vector for expression of structural
      proteins derived from more pathogenic, encephalitic alphaviruses is a
      promising strategy for alphavirus vaccine development.
AD  - Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of
      Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
      77555-0609, USA.
FAU - Paessler, Slobodan
AU  - Paessler S
FAU - Fayzulin, Rafik Z
AU  - Fayzulin RZ
FAU - Anishchenko, Michael
AU  - Anishchenko M
FAU - Greene, Ivorlyne P
AU  - Greene IP
FAU - Weaver, Scott C
AU  - Weaver SC
FAU - Frolov, Ilya
AU  - Frolov I
LA  - eng
GR  - AI10984/AI/NIAID
GR  - AI48807/AI/NIAID
GR  - AI50537/AI/NIAID
GR  - AIO7536/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (RNA, recombinant)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Attenuated)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
RN  - 63231-63-0 (RNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - Encephalitis Virus, Venezuelan
      Equine/*genetics/*immunology/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Encephalomyelitis, Venezuelan Equine/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Female
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - RNA/genetics
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sindbis Virus/*genetics/*immunology/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
MH  - Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Viral Vaccines/genetics
MH  - Virulence
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9278-86.

PMID- 12915544
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Human cytomegalovirus US2 causes similar effects on both major
      histocompatibility complex class I and II proteins in epithelial and glial
      cells.
PG  - 9287-94
AB  - The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein US2 specifically binds to
      major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain (HC) and class
      II proteins DRalpha and DMalpha, triggering their degradation by
      proteasomes. Effects of US2 on class II proteins were originally
      characterized in HCMV- or adenovirus vector-infected U373 astroglioma
      cells. Here, we have extended characterization of US2-mediated degradation
      of class II DRalpha to two other cell lines, including biologically
      relevant epithelial cells. Comparison of the effects of US2 in cells
      expressing both class I and II proteins demonstrated only a slight
      preference for class I HC. Moreover, US2 caused degradation of DRalpha and
      DMalpha when these proteins were expressed by transfection without DRbeta,
      invariant chain (Ii), or DMbeta. Therefore, US2 binds to alpha chains of
      DR and DM and triggers endoplasmic reticulum degradation without formation
      of class II DR alphabeta/Ii or DM alphabeta complexes. Similar levels of
      degradation of class II alpha were observed in cells expressing vastly
      different amounts of class II, suggesting that cellular factors, other
      than class II, were limiting. We concluded that US2 has broad effects in a
      variety of cells that express both class I and II proteins and is relevant
      to HCMV infection in vivo.
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and
      Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239-3098, USA.
FAU - Hegde, Nagendra R
AU  - Hegde NR
FAU - Johnson, David C
AU  - Johnson DC
LA  - eng
GR  - CA73996/CA/NCI
GR  - EY11245/EY/NEI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (HCMV US2 protein)
RN  - 0 (HLA-D Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DMB)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II)
RN  - 0 (Membrane Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenoviridae/genetics
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cytomegalovirus/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Epithelial Cells/immunology/virology
MH  - Genetic Vectors
MH  - HLA-D Antigens/metabolism
MH  - HLA-DR Antigens/metabolism
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*metabolism
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Neuroglia/immunology/virology
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9287-94.

PMID- 12915545
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Heterologous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 lentiviral vectors
      packaging a simian immunodeficiency virus-derived genome display a
      specific postentry transduction defect in dendritic cells.
PG  - 9295-304
AB  - Heterologous lentiviral vectors (LVs) represent a way to address safety
      concerns in the field of gene therapy by decreasing the possibility of
      genetic recombination between vector and packaging constructs and the
      generation of replication-competent viruses. Using described LVs based on
      human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency
      virus MAC251 (SIV(MAC251)), we asked whether heterologous virion particles
      in which trans-acting factors belonged to HIV-1 and cis elements belonged
      to SIV(MAC251) (HIV-siv) would behave as parental homologous vectors in
      all cell types. To our surprise, we found that although the heterologous
      HIV-siv vector was as infectious as its homologous counterpart in most
      human cells, it was defective in the transduction of dendritic cells (DCs)
      and, to a lesser extent, macrophages. In DCs, the main postentry defect
      was observed in the formation of two-long-terminal-repeat circles, despite
      the fact that full-length proviral DNA was being synthesized and was
      associated with the nucleus. Taken together, our data suggest that
      heterologous HIV-siv vectors display a cell-dependent infectivity defect,
      most probably at a post-nuclear entry migration step. As homologous HIV
      and SIV vectors do transduce DCs, we believe that these results underscore
      the importance of a conserved interaction between cis elements and
      trans-acting viral factors that is lost or suboptimal in heterologous
      vectors and essential only in the transduction of certain cell types. For
      gene therapy purposes, these findings indicate that the cellular tropism
      of LVs can be modulated not only through the use of distinct envelope
      proteins or tissue-specific promoters but also through the specific
      combinatorial use of packaging and transfer vector constructs.
AD  - INSERM U412, Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon. Etablissement Francais du
      Sang, Lyon, France.
FAU - Goujon, Caroline
AU  - Goujon C
FAU - Jarrosson-Wuilleme, Loraine
AU  - Jarrosson-Wuilleme L
FAU - Bernaud, Jeanine
AU  - Bernaud J
FAU - Rigal, Dominique
AU  - Rigal D
FAU - Darlix, Jean-Luc
AU  - Darlix JL
FAU - Cimarelli, Andrea
AU  - Cimarelli A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Nucleus/virology
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Dendritic Cells/virology
MH  - *Genetic Vectors
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - HIV-1/*genetics
MH  - HL-60 Cells
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Macrophages/virology
MH  - Proviruses/genetics
MH  - Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - SIV/*genetics
MH  - Transduction, Genetic
MH  - U937 Cells
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9295-304.

PMID- 12915546
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Rotavirus infection stimulates the Cl- reabsorption process across the
      intestinal brush-border membrane of young rabbits.
PG  - 9305-11
AB  - Rotavirus is a major cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide.
      However, the mechanisms underlying fluid and electrolyte secretion
      associated with diarrhea remain largely unknown. We investigated the
      hypothesis that loss of Cl(-) into the luminal contents during rotavirus
      infection may be caused by a dysfunction in the chloride absorptive
      capacity across the intestinal brush-border membrane (BBM). The luminal
      Cl(-) concentrations in the entire small intestine of young rabbits
      infected with lapine rotavirus decreased at 1 and 2 days postinfection
      (dpi), indicating net Cl(-) absorption. At 7 dpi, luminal Cl(-)
      concentrations were slightly increased, indicating a moderate net Cl(-)
      secretion. By using a rapid filtration technique, (36)Cl uptake across BBM
      was quantified by modulating the alkali-metal ion, electrical, chloride,
      and/or proton gradients. Rotavirus infection caused an identical, 127% +/-
      24% increase in all Cl(-) uptake activities (Cl(-)/H(+) symport, Cl(-)
      conductance, and Cl(-)/anion exchange) observed across the intestinal BBM.
      The rotavirus activating effects on the symporter started at 1 dpi and
      persisted up to 7 dpi. Kinetic analyses revealed that rotavirus
      selectively affected the capacity parameter characterizing the symporter.
      We report the novel observation that rotavirus infection stimulated the
      Cl(-) reabsorption process across the intestinal BBM. We propose that the
      massive Cl(-) reabsorption in villi could partly overwhelm chloride
      secretion in crypt cells, which possibly increases during rotavirus
      diarrhea, the resulting imbalance leading to a moderate net chloride
      secretion.
AD  - Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unite 510,
      Faculte de Pharmacie, Universite de Paris XI, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry,
      France.
FAU - Lorrot, Mathie
AU  - Lorrot M
FAU - Martin, Sandra
AU  - Martin S
FAU - Vasseur, Monique
AU  - Vasseur M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antiporters)
RN  - 0 (Chlorides)
RN  - 0 (hydrogen-chloride symporter)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiporters/metabolism
MH  - Chlorides/*metabolism
MH  - Gastroenteritis/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
MH  - Infant
MH  - Intestines/*metabolism
MH  - Ion Transport
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Microvilli/metabolism
MH  - Rabbits
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Rotavirus Infections/*metabolism
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9305-11.

PMID- 12915547
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Novel recombinant parapoxvirus vectors induce protective humoral and
      cellular immunity against lethal herpesvirus challenge infection in mice.
PG  - 9312-23
AB  - Orf virus (ORFV; Parapoxvirus ovis) was used to develop a novel vector
      system for the generation of effective and safe live vaccines. Based on
      the attenuated ORFV strain D1701-V, recombinants were produced that
      express the glycoproteins gC (D1701-VrVgC) or gD (D1701-VrVgD) of the
      alphaherpesvirus of swine, pseudorabies virus (PRV). Expression of gC and
      gD was also demonstrated on the surface of recombinant virus-infected
      murine cells that do not produce infectious ORFV. Single or combined
      immunization with the ORFV recombinants protected different mouse strains
      of a host species nonpermissive for ORFV against a fulminant, lethal PRV
      challenge infection equal to immunization with PRV live vaccine. Most
      notably, even a single immunization with D1701-VrVgC was protective,
      whereas two applications of D1701-VrVgD were required for immune
      protection. The higher protective capacity of D1701-VrVgC correlated with
      the induction of a strong specific humoral immune response. This
      suggestion was supported by transfer experiments using sera from
      recombinant-immunized mice, which resulted in partial gC but not gD
      antibody-mediated protection of the naive recipients. Remarkably,
      immunization of different immune-deficient mice demonstrated that the
      application of the PRV gC-expressing recombinant controlled the challenge
      infection in the absence of either CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells, B cells, or
      an intact perforin pathway. In contrast, D1701-VrVgD-immunized mice
      lacking CD4(+) T cells exhibited reduced protection, whereas animals
      lacking CD8(+) T cells, B cells, or perforin resisted the challenge
      infection. The present study demonstrates the potential of these new
      vector vaccines to efficiently prime both protective humoral and
      cell-mediated immune mechanisms in a host species nonpermissive for the
      vector virus.
AD  - Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, Institute of
      Immunology, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
FAU - Fischer, Timo
AU  - Fischer T
FAU - Planz, Oliver
AU  - Planz O
FAU - Stitz, Lothar
AU  - Stitz L
FAU - Rziha, Hanns-Joachim
AU  - Rziha HJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, Synthetic)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein D, pseudorabies virus)
RN  - 0 (pseudorabies virus glycoproteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
MH  - *Genetic Vectors
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Suid/*genetics/*immunology
MH  - Immunity, Cellular
MH  - Immunization, Passive
MH  - Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics/immunology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Parapoxvirus/*genetics
MH  - Pseudorabies/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics/pharmacology
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/immunology
MH  - Viral Vaccines/genetics/pharmacology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9312-23.

PMID- 12915548
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Transforming growth factor beta1 receptor II is downregulated by E1A in
      adenovirus-infected cells.
PG  - 9324-36
AB  - Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) signaling is compromised in
      many tumors, thereby allowing the tumor to escape the growth-inhibitory
      and proapoptotic activities of the cytokine. Human adenoviruses interfere
      with a number of cellular pathways involved in cell cycle regulation and
      apoptosis, initially placing the cell in a "tumor-like" state by forcing
      quiescent cells into the cell cycle and also inhibiting apoptosis. We
      report that adenovirus-infected cells resemble tumor cells in that
      TGF-beta1 signaling is inhibited. The levels of TGF-beta1 receptor II
      (TbetaRII) in adenovirus-infected cells were decreased, and this decrease
      was mapped, by using virus mutants, to the E1A gene and to amino acids 2
      to 36 and the C-terminal binding protein binding site in the E1A protein.
      The decrease in the TbetaRII protein was accompanied by a decrease in
      TbetaRII mRNA. The decrease in TbetaRII protein levels in
      adenovirus-infected cells was greater than the decrease in TbetaRII mRNA,
      suggesting that downregulation of the TbetaRII protein may occur through
      more than one mechanism. Surprisingly in this context, the half-lives of
      the TbetaRII protein in infected and uninfected cells were similar.
      TGF-beta1 signaling was compromised in cells infected with wild-type
      adenovirus, as measured with 3TP-lux, a TGF-beta-sensitive reporter
      plasmid expressing luciferase. Adenovirus mutants deficient in TbetaRII
      downregulation did not inhibit TGF-beta1 signaling. TGF-beta1 pretreatment
      reduced the relative abundance of adenovirus structural proteins in
      infected cells, an effect that was potentiated when cells were infected
      with mutants incapable of modulating the TGF-beta signaling pathway. These
      results raise the possibility that inhibition of TGF-beta signaling by E1A
      is a means by which adenovirus counters the antiviral defenses of the
      host.
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis
      University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
      vera@tarakanov.com
FAU - Tarakanova, Vera L
AU  - Tarakanova VL
FAU - Wold, William S M
AU  - Wold WS
LA  - eng
GR  - CA58538/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Adenovirus E1A Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - 0 (transforming growth factor beta1)
RN  - 0 (transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Adenoviruses, Human/genetics/immunology/*physiology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mutation
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9324-36.

PMID- 12915549
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Herpes simplex virus type 2 virion host shutoff protein regulates
      alpha/beta interferon but not adaptive immune responses during primary
      infection in vivo.
PG  - 9337-45
AB  - The herpes simplex virus (HSV) virion host shutoff (vhs) protein, the
      product of the UL41 (vhs) gene, is an important determinant of HSV
      virulence. vhs has been implicated in HSV interference with host antiviral
      immune responses, down-regulating expression of major histocompatibility
      complex molecules to help HSV evade host adaptive immunity. The severe
      attenuation of vhs-deficient viruses in vivo could reflect their inability
      to escape immune detection. To test this hypothesis, BALB/c or congenic
      SCID mice were infected intravaginally (i.vag.) with the HSV type 2
      (HSV-2) vhs null mutant 333d41 or the vhs rescue virus 333d41(R).
      vhs-deficient virus remained severely attenuated in SCID mice compared
      with rescue virus, indicating that vhs regulation of adaptive immune
      responses does not influence HSV pathogenesis during acute infection.
      Innate antiviral effectors remain intact in SCID mice; prominent among
      these is alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta). The attenuation of HSV-2
      vhs mutants could reflect their failure to suppress
      IFN-alpha/beta-mediated antiviral activity. To test this hypothesis, 129
      and congenic IFN-alpha/beta receptor-deficient (IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-)) mice
      were infected i.vag. with wild-type virus, vhs null mutants 333-vhsB or
      333d41, or the vhs rescue virus 333d41(R). Whereas vhs-deficient viruses
      showed greatly reduced replication in the genital mucosa of 129 mice
      compared with wild-type or vhs rescue viruses, they were restored to
      nearly wild-type levels of replication in IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-) mice over
      the first 2 days postinfection. Only wild-type and vhs rescue viruses
      caused severe genital disease and hind limb paralysis in 129 mice, but
      infection of IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-) mice restored the virulence of
      vhs-deficient viruses. vhs-deficient viruses replicated as vigorously as
      wild-type and rescue viruses in the nervous systems of
      IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-) mice. Restoration was specific for the vhs mutation,
      because thymidine kinase-deficient HSV-2 did not regain virulence or the
      capacity to replicate in the nervous systems of IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-) mice.
      Furthermore, the defect in the IFN-alpha/beta response was required for
      restoration of vhs-deficient virus replication and virulence, but the
      IFN-alpha/beta-stimulated protein kinase R pathway was not involved.
      Finally, vhs of HSV-2 has a unique capacity to interfere with the
      IFN-alpha/beta response in vivo, because an HSV-1 vhs null mutant did not
      recover replication and virulence after i.vag. inoculation into
      IFN-alpha/betaR(-/-) mice. These results indicate that vhs plays an
      important role early in HSV-2 pathogenesis in vivo by interfering with the
      IFN-alpha/beta-mediated antiviral response.
AD  - Department of Molecular Microbiology, Saint Louis University School of
      Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA.
FAU - Murphy, Jenny A
AU  - Murphy JA
FAU - Duerst, Rebecca J
AU  - Duerst RJ
FAU - Smith, Tracy J
AU  - Smith TJ
FAU - Morrison, Lynda A
AU  - Morrison LA
LA  - eng
GR  - CA75052/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Interferon-alpha)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Interferon)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 0 (herpes simplex virus type 2 protein UL41)
RN  - 156986-95-7 (interferon alpha-beta receptor)
RN  - 77238-31-4 (Interferon-beta)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Herpes Genitalis/etiology/*immunology/virology
MH  - Herpesvirus 2, Human/genetics/*immunology/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Interferon-alpha/*biosynthesis
MH  - Interferon-beta/*biosynthesis
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Congenic
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Mice, SCID
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Receptors, Interferon/deficiency/genetics/physiology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics/immunology/*physiology
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9337-45.

PMID- 12915550
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-kappaB pathways by a
      Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K15 membrane protein.
PG  - 9346-58
AB  - The K15 gene of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (also known as
      human herpesvirus 8) consists of eight alternatively spliced exons and has
      been predicted to encode membrane proteins with a variable number of
      transmembrane regions and a common C-terminal cytoplasmic domain with
      putative binding sites for SH2 and SH3 domains, as well as for tumor
      necrosis factor receptor-associated factors. These features are
      reminiscent of the latent membrane proteins LMP-1 and LMP2A of
      Epstein-Barr virus and, more distantly, of the STP, Tip, and Tio proteins
      of the related gamma(2)-herpesviruses herpesvirus saimiri and herpesvirus
      ateles. These viral membrane proteins can activate a number of
      intracellular signaling pathways. We have therefore examined the abilities
      of different K15-encoded proteins to initiate intracellular signaling. We
      found that a 45-kDa K15 protein derived from all eight K15 exons and
      containing 12 predicted transmembrane domains in addition to the
      cytoplasmic domain activated the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase
      (MAPK) and NF-kappaB pathways, as well as (more weakly) the c-Jun
      N-terminal kinase/SAPK pathway. Activation of the MAPK and NF-kappaB
      pathways required phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 481 within a
      putative SH2-binding site (YEEVL). This motif was phosphorylated by the
      tyrosine kinases Src, Lck, Yes, Hck, and Fyn. The region containing the
      YEEVL motif interacted with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated
      factor 2 (TRAF-2), and a dominant negative TRAF-2 mutant inhibited the
      K15-mediated activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway, suggesting the
      involvement of TRAF-2 in the initiation of these signaling routes. In
      contrast, several smaller K15 protein isoforms activated these pathways
      only weakly. All of the K15 isoforms tested were, however, localized in
      lipid rafts, suggesting that incorporation into lipid rafts is not
      sufficient to initiate signaling. Additional regions of K15, located
      presumably in exons 2 to 5, may therefore contribute to the activation of
      these pathways. These findings illustrate that the 45-kDa K15 protein
      engages pathways similar to LMP1, LMP2A, STP, Tip, and Tio but combines
      functional features that are separated between LMP1 and LMP2A or STP and
      Tip.
AD  - Institut fur Virologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, D-30625
      Hannover, Germany.
FAU - Brinkmann, Melanie M
AU  - Brinkmann MM
FAU - Glenn, Mark
AU  - Glenn M
FAU - Rainbow, Lucille
AU  - Rainbow L
FAU - Kieser, Arnd
AU  - Kieser A
FAU - Henke-Gendo, Cornelia
AU  - Henke-Gendo C
FAU - Schulz, Thomas F
AU  - Schulz TF
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (K15 protein, Human herpesvirus 8)
RN  - 0 (MAP Kinase Signaling System)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factor AP-1)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.112 (src-Family Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - MAP Kinase Signaling System
MH  - Membrane Microdomains/virology
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8
MH  - Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/biosynthesis/*metabolism
MH  - Mutation
MH  - NF-kappa B/*metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2
MH  - Transcription Factor AP-1/metabolism
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - src-Family Kinases/metabolism
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9346-58.

PMID- 12915551
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041222
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Interferon regulatory factor 7 regulates expression of Epstein-Barr virus
      latent membrane protein 1: a regulatory circuit.
PG  - 9359-68
AB  - We have shown previously that interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), a
      multifunctional protein intimately involved in latent Epstein-Barr virus
      (EBV) infection, is induced as well as activated by EBV latent membrane
      protein 1 (LMP1), the principal EBV oncoprotein. Since the LMP1 promoter
      (LMP1p) contains an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE), we
      hypothesized that IRF7 might be able to regulate LMP1 expression and thus
      participate in a regulatory circuit between these two genes. In this
      study, IRF7 was shown first to activate LMP1p in transient transfection
      assays. Compared with EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2), the most potent viral
      transactivator of LMP1p, IRF7 has a lesser effect (approximately 10% that
      of EBNA2) on induction of LMP1p. Study with IRF7 deletion mutants showed
      that IRF7 functional domains have similar effects on both the beta
      interferon (IFN-beta) and LMP1 promoters in BJAB and 293 cells, and study
      with IRF7 phosphomimetic mutants showed that IRF7 phosphorylation may be
      involved in the activation of these two promoters. Further, the ISRE in
      LMP1p responds to IRF7 induction and IRF7 binds to this element. In the
      EBV-positive cell line P3HR1, which lacks the complete EBNA2 and
      EBV-encoded leader protein genes and hence expresses low-level LMP1, IRF7
      alone can notably increase the endogenous LMP1 mRNA and protein levels.
      These results indicate that LMP1 is regulated by this host cell gene in
      addition to the viral factor, EBNA2, and may help to explain how LMP1 is
      expressed in type II latency in the absence of EBNA2. Moreover, IRF7 can
      regulate a viral gene in addition to a host cellular gene such as the
      IFN-beta gene. Together with the previous data that LMP1 can induce IRF7
      expression and facilitate IRF7 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation,
      these results suggest a positive regulatory circuit between IRF7 and LMP1.
AD  - Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina,
      Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
FAU - Ning, Shunbin
AU  - Ning S
FAU - Hahn, Angela M
AU  - Hahn AM
FAU - Huye, Leslie E
AU  - Huye LE
FAU - Pagano, Joseph S
AU  - Pagano JS
LA  - eng
GR  - AI 42372-01/AI/NIAID
GR  - CA 19014/CA/NCI
GR  - T32-CA09156-27/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (EBNA2 protein)
RN  - 0 (EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus)
RN  - 0 (Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Matrix Proteins)
RN  - 0 (interferon regulatory factor-7)
SB  - IM
MH  - Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens/genetics/physiology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 4, Human/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Up-Regulation
MH  - Viral Matrix Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9359-68.

PMID- 12915552
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Passive immunization with neutralizing antibodies interrupts the mouse
      mammary tumor virus life cycle.
PG  - 9369-77
AB  - Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) infects the host via mucosal surfaces and
      exploits the host immune system for systemic spread and chronic infection.
      We have tested a neutralizing rat monoclonal antibody specific for the
      retroviral envelope glycoprotein gp52 for its efficiency in preventing
      acute and chronic mucosal and systemic infection. The antibody completely
      inhibits the superantigen response and chronic viral infection following
      systemic or nasal infection. Surprisingly however, the antibody only
      partially inhibits the early infection of antigen-presenting cells in the
      draining lymph node. Despite this initially inefficient protection from
      infection, superantigen-specific B- and T-cell responses and systemic
      viral spread are abolished, leading to complete clearance of the
      retroviral infection and hence interruption of the viral life cycle. In
      conclusion, systemic neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can provide an
      efficient protection against chronic retroviral amplification and
      persistence.
AD  - Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research. Institute of
      Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
FAU - Mpandi, M
AU  - Mpandi M
FAU - Otten, L A
AU  - Otten LA
FAU - Lavanchy, C
AU  - Lavanchy C
FAU - Acha-Orbea, H
AU  - Acha-Orbea H
FAU - Finke, D
AU  - Finke D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral, Tumor)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein 52 antigen, Mouse mammary tumor virus)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
MH  - Antigens, Viral, Tumor/genetics/immunology
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/immunology/pathology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Differentiation
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Female
MH  - Immunity, Mucosal
MH  - Immunization, Passive
MH  - Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics/*growth & development/*immunology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Neutralization Tests
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Inbred Lew
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Retroviridae Infections/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Tumor Virus Infections/immunology/prevention & control
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9369-77.

PMID- 12915553
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Silent point mutation in an avian retrovirus RNA processing element
      promotes c-myb-associated short-latency lymphomas.
PG  - 9378-87
AB  - The avian leukosis virus DeltaLR-9 causes a high frequency of B-cell
      lymphomas within weeks after injection into 10-day-old chicken embryos.
      These lymphomas result from proviral integrations into the oncogene c-myb.
      In contrast, LR-9, which lacks the 42-nucleotide gag gene deletion of
      DeltaLR-9, does not cause a high frequency of c-myb-associated
      short-latency lymphomas. Although viral replication rates and spliced env
      mRNA levels were found to be similar for both viruses, DeltaLR-9 exhibited
      an increase in readthrough transcription compared to LR-9. The DeltaLR-9
      deletion is located in the region of the gag gene corresponding to the
      matrix (MA) protein as well as in the negative regulator of splicing (NRS)
      element. To test whether disruption of the NRS or of the MA protein was
      responsible for inducing short-latency lymphomas, we generated viruses
      with NRS point mutations that maintained the wild-type Gag amino acid
      sequence. One of the mutant viruses induced an even higher incidence than
      DeltaLR-9 of short-latency lymphomas with viral integrations into c-myb.
      Thus, we propose that disruption of the NRS sequence promotes readthrough
      transcription and splicing to the downstream myb gene, causing
      overexpression of a slightly truncated Myb protein, which induces
      short-latency tumors.
AD  - Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
      21218, USA.
FAU - Polony, Tatjana S
AU  - Polony TS
FAU - Bowers, Sandra J
AU  - Bowers SJ
FAU - Neiman, Paul E
AU  - Neiman PE
FAU - Beemon, Karen L
AU  - Beemon KL
LA  - eng
GR  - R01CA20068/CA/NCI
GR  - R01CA48746/CA/NCI
GR  - T32GM07231/GM/NIGMS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Oncogene Proteins v-myb)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Viral Matrix Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Avian Leukosis/*etiology/genetics/virology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Genes, env
MH  - *Genes, myb
MH  - Leukosis Virus, Avian/*genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Lymphoma, B-Cell/*etiology/genetics/virology
MH  - Oncogene Proteins v-myb/genetics/physiology
MH  - Point Mutation
MH  - RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics
MH  - RNA Splicing/genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics/physiology
MH  - Virus Integration/genetics
MH  - Virus Replication/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9378-87.

PMID- 12915554
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Link between genome packaging and rate of budding for Rous sarcoma virus.
PG  - 9388-98
AB  - The subcellular location at which genomic RNA is packaged by Gag proteins
      during retrovirus assembly remains unknown. Since the membrane-binding (M)
      domain is most critical for targeting Gag to the plasma membrane, changes
      to this determinant might alter the path taken through the cell and reduce
      the efficiency of genome packaging. In this report, a Rous sarcoma virus
      (RSV) mutant having two acidic-to-basic substitutions in the M domain is
      described. This mutant, designated Super M, produced particles much faster
      than the wild type, but the mutant virions were noninfectious and
      contained only 1/10 the amount of genomic RNA found in wild-type
      particles. To identify the cause(s) of these defects, we considered data
      that suggest that RSV Gag traffics through the nucleus to package the
      viral genome. Although inhibition of the CRM-1 pathway of nuclear export
      caused the accumulation of wild-type Gag in the nucleus, nuclear
      accumulation did not occur with Super M. The importance of the
      nucleocapsid (NC) domain in membrane targeting was also determined, and,
      importantly, deletion of the NC sequence prevented plasma membrane
      localization by wild-type Gag but not by Super M Gag. Based on these
      results, we reasoned that the enhanced membrane-targeting properties of
      Super M inhibit genome packaging. Consistent with this interpretation,
      substitutions that reestablished the wild-type number of basic and acidic
      residues in the Super M Gag M domain reduced the budding efficiency and
      restored genome packaging and infectivity. Therefore, these data suggest
      that Gag targeting and genome packaging are normally linked to ensure that
      RSV particles contain viral RNA.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Pennsylvania State
      University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17036, USA.
FAU - Callahan, Eric M
AU  - Callahan EM
FAU - Wills, John W
AU  - Wills JW
LA  - eng
GR  - CA47482/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, gag)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Gene Products, gag/chemistry/genetics/physiology
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - Microscopy, Electron
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Phenotype
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sarcoma Viruses, Avian/*genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure
MH  - Suppression, Genetic
MH  - Virus Assembly
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9388-98.

PMID- 12915555
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8
      transcriptional activator Rta is an oligomeric DNA-binding protein that
      interacts with tandem arrays of phased A/T-trinucleotide motifs.
PG  - 9399-411
AB  - Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
      encodes an immediate early transcriptional activator, Rta, which mediates
      viral reactivation from latency and lytic viral replication. Here we
      report the purification and characterizations of HHV-8 Rta and its
      interaction with Rta-responsive DNA elements. The Rta response element
      (RtaRE) in the promoter of the KSHV/HHV-8 K8 open reading frame was mapped
      to a 47-bp sequence (RtaRE1) and a 60-bp sequence (RtaRE2) upstream of the
      TATA motif. A comparison of the K8 RtaREs with other viral RtaREs revealed
      a pattern of multiple A/T triplets spaced with a periodicity of 10 or 20
      bp. Substitutions of the in-phase A/T trinucleotides of the RtaRE1 with
      G/C bases greatly diminished Rta responsiveness and Rta binding. By
      contrast, base substitutions in an out-of-phase A/T-trinucleotide sequence
      had no effect. Importantly, multimers of (A/T)(3)N(7) and
      N(5)(A/T)(5)N(6)(A/T)(4) motifs supported a strong Rta response in a copy
      number-dependent manner. No specific sequence motifs in the spacer regions
      could be discerned. Potent Rta response, however, was obtained with phased
      A/T trinucleotides with 7-bp spacers of arbitrary sequences with high G/C
      content. Lengthening of the phased A/T motifs or lowering of the G/C
      content of the spacers resulted in a reduction in Rta response. Finally,
      Escherichia coli-derived Rta is an oligomer of 440 kDa in molecular size
      and binds RtaRE as an oligomer. These results support a model of Rta
      transactivation wherein the subunits of the Rta oligomer make multiple
      contacts with a tandem array of phased A/T triplets in the configuration
      of (A/T)(3)(G/C)(7) repeats.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University
      of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, USA.
FAU - Liao, Wei
AU  - Liao W
FAU - Tang, Yong
AU  - Tang Y
FAU - Kuo, Yu-Liang
AU  - Kuo YL
FAU - Liu, Bao-Ying
AU  - Liu BY
FAU - Xu, Chi-Jie
AU  - Xu CJ
FAU - Giam, Chou-Zen
AU  - Giam CZ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immediate-Early Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Rta protein, Human herpesvirus 8)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immediate-Early Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
MH  - Tandem Repeat Sequences
MH  - Trans-Activators/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9399-411.

PMID- 12915556
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Edmonston measles virus prevents increased cell surface expression of
      peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex class II proteins in human
      peripheral monocytes.
PG  - 9412-21
AB  - Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces expression of the gene products of
      the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), whereas IFN-alpha/beta can
      interfere with or suppress class II protein expression. In separate
      studies, measles virus (MV) was reported to induce IFN-alpha/beta and to
      up-regulate MHC class II proteins. In an attempt to resolve this paradox,
      we examined the surface expression of MHC class I and class II proteins in
      MV-infected peripheral monocytes in the presence and absence of
      IFN-alpha/beta. Infection of purified monocytes with Edmonston B MV
      resulted in an apparent increase in cell surface expression of HLA-A, -B,
      and -C class I proteins, but it had no effect on the expression of HLA-DR
      class II proteins. MV-infected purified monocytes expressed
      IFN-alpha/beta, but no measurable IFN-gamma expression was detected in
      supernatant fluids. Class II protein expression could be enhanced by
      coculture of purified monocytes with uninfected peripheral blood
      mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatant. MV infection of PBMCs also did not
      affect expression of class II proteins, but the expression of HLA-A, -B,
      and -C class I proteins was increased two- to threefold in most donor
      cells. A direct role for IFN-alpha/beta suppression of MHC class II
      protein expression was not evident in monocytes since MV suppressed class
      II protein expression in the absence of IFN-alpha/beta. Taken together,
      these data suggest that MV interferes with the expression of
      peptide-loaded class II complexes, an effect that may potentially alter
      CD4(+)-T-cell proliferation and the cell-mediated immune responses that
      they help to regulate.
AD  - Respiratory and Enteric Viruses Branch, National Center for Infectious
      Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
      30333, USA. mby7@cdc.gov
FAU - Yilla, Mamadi
AU  - Yilla M
FAU - Hickman, Carole
AU  - Hickman C
FAU - McGrew, Marcia
AU  - McGrew M
FAU - Meade, Elizabeth
AU  - Meade E
FAU - Bellini, William J
AU  - Bellini WJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD14)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II)
RN  - 0 (Interferon Type I, Recombinant)
RN  - 0 (Interferon-gamma, Recombinant)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Antigens, CD14/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Interferon Type I, Recombinant/pharmacology
MH  - Interferon-gamma, Recombinant/pharmacology
MH  - Measles virus/*immunology/*pathogenicity
MH  - Monocytes/drug effects/*immunology/*virology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9412-21.

PMID- 12915557
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Variability at human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C protease
      cleavage sites: an indication of viral fitness?
PG  - 9422-30
AB  - Naturally occurring polymorphisms in the protease of human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C would be expected to lead
      to adaptive (compensatory) changes in protease cleavage sites. To test
      this hypothesis, we examined the prevalences and patterns of cleavage site
      polymorphisms in the Gag, Gag-Pol, and Nef cleavage sites of C compared to
      those in non-C subtypes. Codon-based maximum-likelihood methods were used
      to assess the natural selection and evolutionary history of individual
      cleavage sites. Seven cleavage sites (p17/p24, p24/p2, NC/p1, NC/TFP,
      PR/RT, RT/p66, and p66/IN) were well conserved over time and in all HIV-1
      subtypes. One site (p1/p6(gag)) exhibited moderate variation, and four
      sites (p2/NC, TFP/p6(pol), p6(pol)/PR, and Nef) were highly variable, both
      within and between subtypes. Three of the variable sites are known to be
      major determinants of polyprotein processing and virion production. P2/NC
      controls the rate and order of cleavage, p6(gag) is an important
      phosphoprotein required for virion release, and TFP/p6(pol), a novel
      cleavage site in the transframe domain, influences the specificity of
      Gag-Pol processing and the activation of protease. Overall, 58.3% of the
      12 HIV-1 cleavage sites were significantly more diverse in C than in B
      viruses. When analyzed as a single concatenated fragment of 360 bp, 96.0%
      of group M cleavage site sequences fell into subtype-specific phylogenetic
      clusters, suggesting that they coevolved with the virus. Natural variation
      at C cleavage sites may play an important role, not only in regulation of
      the viral cycle but also in disease progression and response to therapy.
AD  - HIV-1 Molecular Virology and Bioinformatics Unit, Africa Centre for Health
      and Population Studies, and the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine,
      University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.
FAU - de Oliveira, Tulio
AU  - de Oliveira T
FAU - Engelbrecht, Susan
AU  - Engelbrecht S
FAU - Janse van Rensburg, Estrelita
AU  - Janse van Rensburg E
FAU - Gordon, Michelle
AU  - Gordon M
FAU - Bishop, Karen
AU  - Bishop K
FAU - zur Megede, Jan
AU  - zur Megede J
FAU - Barnett, Susan W
AU  - Barnett SW
FAU - Cassol, Sharon
AU  - Cassol S
LA  - eng
GR  - N01-AI-05396/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Fusion Proteins, gag-pol)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, gag)
RN  - EC 3.4.23.- (HIV Protease)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Fusion Proteins, gag-pol/genetics/physiology
MH  - Gene Products, gag/genetics/physiology
MH  - Genes, gag
MH  - Genes, pol
MH  - HIV Infections/virology
MH  - HIV Protease/*physiology
MH  - HIV-1/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9422-30.

PMID- 12915558
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Involvement of the matrix and nucleocapsid domains of the bovine leukemia
      virus Gag polyprotein precursor in viral RNA packaging.
PG  - 9431-8
AB  - The RNA packaging process for retroviruses involves a recognition event of
      the genome-length viral RNA by the viral Gag polyprotein precursor
      (PrGag), an important step in particle morphogenesis. The mechanism
      underlying this genome recognition event for most retroviruses is thought
      to involve an interaction between the nucleocapsid (NC) domain of PrGag
      and stable RNA secondary structures that form the RNA packaging signal.
      Presently, there is limited information regarding PrGag-RNA interactions
      involved in RNA packaging for the deltaretroviruses, which include bovine
      leukemia virus (BLV) and human T-cell leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1
      and -2, respectively). To address this, alanine-scanning mutagenesis of
      BLV PrGag was done with a virus-like particle (VLP) system. As predicted,
      mutagenesis of conserved basic residues as well as residues of the zinc
      finger domains in the BLV NC domain of PrGag revealed residues that led to
      a reduction in viral RNA packaging. Interestingly, when conserved basic
      residues in the BLV MA domain of PrGag were mutated to alanine or glycine,
      but not when mutated to another basic residue, reductions in viral RNA
      packaging were also observed. The ability of PrGag to be targeted to the
      cell membrane was not affected by these mutations in MA, indicating that
      PrGag membrane targeting was not associated with the reduction in RNA
      packaging. These observations indicate that these basic residues in the MA
      domain of PrGag influence RNA packaging, without influencing Gag membrane
      localization. It was further observed that (i) a MA/NC double mutant had a
      more severe RNA packaging defect than either mutant alone, and (ii) RNA
      packaging was not found to be associated with transient localization of
      Gag in the nucleus. In summary, this report provides the first direct
      evidence for the involvement of both the BLV MA and NC domains of PrGag in
      viral RNA packaging.
AD  - Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Ohio State
      University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
FAU - Wang, Huating
AU  - Wang H
FAU - Norris, Kendra M
AU  - Norris KM
FAU - Mansky, Louis M
AU  - Mansky LM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, gag)
RN  - 0 (Protein Precursors)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - COS Cells
MH  - Cattle
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Gene Products, gag/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leukemia Virus, Bovine/genetics/growth & development/*physiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Protein Precursors/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Transfection
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9431-8.

PMID- 12915559
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - The Moloney murine leukemia virus repressor binding site represses
      expression in murine and human hematopoietic stem cells.
PG  - 9439-50
AB  - The Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) repressor binding site (RBS) is a
      major determinant of restricted expression of MLV in undifferentiated
      mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) lines.
      We show here that the RBS repressed expression when placed outside of its
      normal MLV genome context in a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector.
      In the lentiviral vector genome context, the RBS repressed expression of a
      modified MLV long terminal repeat (MNDU3) promoter, a simian virus 40
      promoter, and three cellular promoters: ubiquitin C, mPGK, and hEF-1a. In
      addition to repressing expression in undifferentiated ES and EC cell
      lines, we show that the RBS substantially repressed expression in primary
      mouse embryonic fibroblasts, primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells,
      whole mouse bone marrow and its differentiated progeny after bone marrow
      transplant, and several mouse hematopoietic cell lines. Using an
      electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we show that binding factor A, the
      trans-acting factor proposed to convey repression by its interaction with
      the RBS, is present in the nuclear extracts of all mouse cells we analyzed
      where expression was repressed by the RBS. In addition, we show that the
      RBS partially repressed expression in the human hematopoietic cell line
      DU.528 and primary human CD34(+) CD38(-) hematopoietic cells isolated from
      umbilical cord blood. These findings suggest that retroviral vectors
      carrying the RBS are subjected to high rates of repression in murine and
      human cells and that MLV vectors with primer binding site substitutions
      that remove the RBS may yield more-effective gene expression.
AD  - Division of Research Immunology/BMT, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los
      Angeles, California 90027, USA.
FAU - Haas, Dennis L
AU  - Haas DL
FAU - Lutzko, Carolyn
AU  - Lutzko C
FAU - Logan, Aaron C
AU  - Logan AC
FAU - Cho, Gerald J
AU  - Cho GJ
FAU - Skelton, Dianne
AU  - Skelton D
FAU - Jin Yu, Xiao
AU  - Jin Yu X
FAU - Pepper, Karen A
AU  - Pepper KA
FAU - Kohn, Donald B
AU  - Kohn DB
LA  - eng
GR  - 1P01 CA59318/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Elongation Factor 1)
RN  - 0 (Ubiquitin C)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - Bone Marrow Transplantation
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Viral/*genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - Genetic Vectors
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - Hematopoietic Stem Cells/*virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Lentivirus/genetics
MH  - Mice
MH  - Moloney murine leukemia virus/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Peptide Elongation Factor 1/genetics
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Simian virus 40/genetics
MH  - Ubiquitin C/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9439-50.

PMID- 12915560
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Comparative study of regulation of RTA-responsive genes in Kaposi's
      sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8.
PG  - 9451-62
AB  - Replication and transcription activator (RTA) (also referred to as ORF50),
      an immediate-early gene product of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
      (KSHV)/(human herpesvirus 8), plays a critical role in balancing the viral
      life cycle between latency and lytic replication. RTA has been shown to
      act as a strong transcription activator for several downstream genes of
      KSHV. Direct binding of RTA to DNA is thought to be one of the important
      mechanisms for transactivation of target genes, while indirect mechanisms
      are also implicated in RTA transactivation of certain selected genes. This
      study demonstrated direct binding of the DNA-binding domain of RTA (Rdbd)
      to a Kaposin (Kpsn) promoter sequence, which is highly homologous to the
      RTA-responsive element (RRE) of the PAN promoter. We undertook a
      comparative study of the RREs of PAN RNA, ORF57, vIL-6, and Kpsn to
      understand how RTA regulates gene expression during lytic replication.
      Comparing RNA abundance and transcription initiation rates of these RTA
      target genes in virus-infected cells suggested that the transcription
      initiation rate of the promoters is a major determinant of viral gene
      expression, rather than stability of the transcripts. RTA-mediated
      transactivation of reporters containing each RRE showed that their
      promoter strengths in a transient-transfection system were comparable to
      their transcription rates during reactivation. Moreover, our
      electrophoretic mobility shift assays of each RRE demonstrated that the
      highly purified Rdbd protein directly bound to the RREs. Based on these
      results, we conclude that direct binding of RTA to these target sequences
      contributes to their gene expression to various extents during the lytic
      life cycle of KSHV.
AD  - Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA AIDS Institute,
      Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Molecular Biology Institute,
      University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095,
      USA.
FAU - Song, Moon Jung
AU  - Song MJ
FAU - Deng, Hongyu
AU  - Deng H
FAU - Sun, Ren
AU  - Sun R
LA  - eng
GR  - CA83525/CA/NCI
GR  - CA91791/CA/NCI
GR  - DE14153/DE/NIDCR
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immediate-Early Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Rta protein, Human herpesvirus 8)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 0 (kaposin B protein, Human herpesvirus 8)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - Genes, Reporter
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 8, Human/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immediate-Early Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Trans-Activation (Genetics)
MH  - Trans-Activators/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Viral Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9451-62.

PMID- 12915561
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Identification of novel immunodominant CD4+ Th1-type T-cell peptide
      epitopes from herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D that confer protective
      immunity.
PG  - 9463-73
AB  - The molecular characterization of the epitope repertoire on herpes simplex
      virus (HSV) antigens would greatly expand our knowledge of HSV immunity
      and improve immune interventions against herpesvirus infections. HSV
      glycoprotein D (gD) is an immunodominant viral coat protein and is
      considered an excellent vaccine candidate antigen. By using the TEPITOPE
      prediction algorithm, we have identified and characterized a total of 12
      regions within the HSV type 1 (HSV-1) gD bearing potential CD4(+) T-cell
      epitopes, each 27 to 34 amino acids in length. Immunogenicity studies of
      the corresponding medium-sized peptides confirmed all previously known gD
      epitopes and additionally revealed four new immunodominant regions
      (gD(49-82), gD(146-179), gD(228-257), and gD(332-358)), each containing
      naturally processed epitopes. These epitopes elicited potent T-cell
      responses in mice of diverse major histocompatibility complex backgrounds.
      Each of the four new immunodominant peptide epitopes generated strong
      CD4(+) Th1 T cells that were biologically active against HSV-1-infected
      bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Importantly, immunization of H-2(d)
      mice with the four newly identified CD4(+) Th1 peptide epitopes but not
      with four CD4(+) Th2 peptide epitopes induced a robust protective immunity
      against lethal ocular HSV-1 challenge. These peptide epitopes may prove to
      be important components of an effective immunoprophylactic strategy
      against herpes.
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, College of
      Medicine, Orange, California 92868, USA. Lbenmoha@uci.edu
FAU - BenMohamed, Lbachir
AU  - BenMohamed L
FAU - Bertrand, Georges
AU  - Bertrand G
FAU - McNamara, Cory D
AU  - McNamara CD
FAU - Gras-Masse, Helene
AU  - Gras-Masse H
FAU - Hammer, Juergen
AU  - Hammer J
FAU - Wechsler, Steven L
AU  - Wechsler SL
FAU - Nesburn, Anthony B
AU  - Nesburn AB
LA  - eng
GR  - EY09392/EY/NEI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Herpesvirus Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Immunodominant Epitopes)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Algorithms
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Viral/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Herpes Simplex/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*genetics/*immunology
MH  - Herpesvirus Vaccines/genetics/pharmacology
MH  - Immunization
MH  - Immunodominant Epitopes/chemistry/*genetics
MH  - Interferon Type II/biosynthesis
MH  - Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
MH  - Lymphocyte Depletion
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Inbred C3H
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Th1 Cells/*immunology
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/*immunology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9463-73.

PMID- 12915562
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - The Mason-Pfizer monkey virus PPPY and PSAP motifs both contribute to
      virus release.
PG  - 9474-85
AB  - Late (L) domains are required for the efficient release of several groups
      of enveloped viruses. Three amino acid motifs have been shown to provide
      L-domain function, namely, PPXY, PT/SAP, or YPDL. The retrovirus
      Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) carries closely spaced PPPY and PSAP
      motifs. Mutation of the PPPY motif results in a complete loss of virus
      release. Here, we show that the PSAP motif acts as an additional L domain
      and promotes the efficient release of MPMV but requires an intact PPPY
      motif to perform its function. Examination of HeLaP4 cells expressing PSAP
      mutant virus by electron microscopy revealed mostly late budding
      structures and chains of viruses accumulating at the cell surface with
      little free virus. In the case of the PPPY mutant virus, budding appeared
      to be mostly arrested at an earlier stage before induction of membrane
      curvature. The cellular protein TSG101, which interacts with the human
      immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) PTAP L domain, was packaged into
      MPMV in a PSAP-dependent manner. Since TSG101 is crucial for HIV-1
      release, this result suggests that the Gag-TSG101 interaction is
      responsible for the virus release function of the MPMV PSAP motif. Nedd4,
      which has been shown to interact with viral PPPY motifs, was also detected
      in MPMV particles, albeit at much lower levels. Consistent with a role of
      VPS4A in the budding of both PPPY and PTAP motif-containing viruses, the
      overexpression of ATPase-defective GFP-VPS4A fusion proteins blocked both
      wild-type and PSAP mutant virus release.
AD  - Abteilung Virologie, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg,
      Germany.
FAU - Gottwein, Eva
AU  - Gottwein E
FAU - Bodem, Jochen
AU  - Bodem J
FAU - Muller, Barbara
AU  - Muller B
FAU - Schmechel, Ariane
AU  - Schmechel A
FAU - Zentgraf, Hanswalter
AU  - Zentgraf H
FAU - Krausslich, Hans-Georg
AU  - Krausslich HG
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Calcium-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, gag)
RN  - 0 (Transcription Factors)
RN  - 0 (Tsg101 protein)
RN  - EC 6. (Ligases)
RN  - EC 6.3.2.19 (Nedd4 ubiquitin protein ligases)
RN  - EC 6.3.2.19 (Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Motifs
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Gene Products, gag/chemistry/genetics/physiology
MH  - HIV-1/genetics/physiology
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Ligases/metabolism
MH  - Mason-Pfizer monkey virus/*genetics/*physiology/ultrastructure
MH  - Microscopy, Electron
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Protein Processing, Post-Translational
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Transcription Factors/metabolism
MH  - Transfection
MH  - *Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
MH  - Virus Assembly
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9474-85.

PMID- 12915563
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Monkey rotavirus binding to alpha2beta1 integrin requires the alpha2 I
      domain and is facilitated by the homologous beta1 subunit.
PG  - 9486-501
AB  - Rotaviruses utilize integrins during virus-cell interactions that lead to
      infection. Cell binding and infection by simian rotavirus SA11 were
      inhibited by antibodies (Abs) to the inserted (I) domain of the alpha2
      integrin subunit. To determine directly which integrins or other proteins
      bind rotaviruses, cell surface proteins precipitated by rotaviruses were
      compared with those precipitated by anti-alpha2beta1 Abs. Two proteins
      precipitated by SA11 and rhesus rotavirus RRV from MA104 and Caco-2 cells
      migrated indistinguishably from alpha2beta1 integrin, and SA11
      precipitated beta1 from alpha2beta1-transfected CHO cells. These viruses
      specifically precipitated two MA104 cell proteins only, but an additional
      160- to 165-kDa protein was precipitated by SA11 from Caco-2 cells. The
      role of the alpha2 I domain in rotavirus binding, infection, and growth
      was examined using CHO cell lines expressing wild-type or mutated human
      alpha2 or alpha2beta1. Infectious SA11 and RRV, but not human rotavirus
      Wa, specifically bound CHO cell-expressed human alpha2beta1 and, to a
      lesser extent, human alpha2 combined with hamster beta1. Binding was
      inhibited by anti-alpha2 I domain monoclonal Abs (MAbs), but not by non-I
      domain MAbs to alpha2, and required the presence of the alpha2 I domain.
      Amino acid residues 151, 221, and 254 in the metal ion-dependent adhesion
      site of the alpha2 I domain that are necessary for type I collagen binding
      to alpha2beta1 were not essential for rotavirus binding.
      Rotavirus-alpha2beta1 binding led to increased virus infection and RRV
      growth. SA11 and RRV require the alpha2 I domain for binding to
      alpha2beta1, and their binding to this integrin is distinguishable from
      that of collagen.
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne,
      Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
FAU - Londrigan, Sarah L
AU  - Londrigan SL
FAU - Graham, Kate L
AU  - Graham KL
FAU - Takada, Yoshikazu
AU  - Takada Y
FAU - Halasz, Peter
AU  - Halasz P
FAU - Coulson, Barbara S
AU  - Coulson BS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal)
RN  - 0 (Integrin alpha2beta1)
RN  - 0 (Protein Subunits)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Monoclonal
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Caco-2 Cells
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Humans
MH  - Integrin alpha2beta1/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Precipitin Tests
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Protein Subunits
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Rotavirus/immunology/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Transfection
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9486-501.

PMID- 12915564
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Complementation of a deletion in the rubella virus p150 nonstructural
      protein by the viral capsid protein.
PG  - 9502-10
AB  - Rubella virus (RUB) replicons with an in-frame deletion of 507 nucleotides
      between two NotI sites in the P150 nonstructural protein (DeltaNotI) do
      not replicate (as detected by expression of a reporter gene encoded by the
      replicon) but can be amplified by wild-type helper virus (Tzeng et al.,
      Virology 289:63-73, 2001). Surprisingly, virus with DeltaNotI was viable,
      and it was hypothesized that this was due to complementation of the NotI
      deletion by one of the virion structural protein genes. Introduction of
      the capsid (C) protein gene into DeltaNotI-containing replicons as an
      in-frame fusion with a reporter gene or cotransfection with both DeltaNotI
      replicons and RUB replicon or plasmid constructs containing the C gene
      resulted in replication of the DeltaNotI replicon, confirming the
      hypothesis that the C gene was the structural protein gene responsible for
      complementation and demonstrating that complementation could occur either
      in cis or in trans. Approximately the 5' one-third of the C gene was
      necessary for complementation. Mutations that prevented translation of the
      C protein while minimally disturbing the C gene sequence abrogated
      complementation, while synonymous codon mutations that changed the C gene
      sequence without affecting the amino acid sequence at the 5' end of the C
      gene had no effect on complementation, indicating that the C protein, not
      the C gene RNA, was the moiety responsible for complementation.
      Complementation occurred at a basic step in the virus replication cycle,
      because DeltaNotI replicons failed to accumulate detectable virus-specific
      RNA.
AD  - Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
      30302-4010, USA.
FAU - Tzeng, Wen-Pin
AU  - Tzeng WP
FAU - Frey, Teryl K
AU  - Frey TK
LA  - eng
GR  - AI21389/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Capsid Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - Genes, Reporter
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Genetic Complementation Test
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Mutation
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Replicon/genetics
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Rubella virus/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9502-10.

PMID- 12915565
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Pre-s1 antigen-dependent infection of Tupaia hepatocyte cultures with
      human hepatitis B virus.
PG  - 9511-21
AB  - The susceptibility of the tree shrew Tupaia belangeri to human hepatitis B
      virus (HBV) has been demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. In this
      study, we show that purified HBV infects primary T. belangeri hepatocyte
      cultures in a very specific manner, as detected by HBV covalently closed
      circular DNA, mRNA, HBV e antigen, and HBsAg production. A monoclonal
      antibody (MAb), MA18/7, directed against the pre-S1 domain of the large
      HBs protein, which has been shown to neutralize infectivity of HBV for
      primary human hepatocytes, also blocked infection of primary Tupaia
      hepatocytes. MAbs against the pre-S2 domain of HBs inhibited infection
      only partially, whereas an S MAb and polyvalent anti-HBs antibodies
      neutralized infection completely. Thus, both pre-S1 and S antigens are
      necessary for infection in the tupaia. Using subviral particles, >70% of
      primary Tupaia hepatocytes are capable of specific binding of pre-S1-rich
      HBsAg, showing localization in distinct membrane areas. The data show that
      the early steps of HBV infection in Tupaia hepatocyte cultures are
      comparable to those in the human system.
AD  - Institute of Medical Virology. Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology,
      Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
      dieter.glebe@viro.med.unigiessen.de
FAU - Glebe, Dieter
AU  - Glebe D
FAU - Aliakbari, Mehriar
AU  - Aliakbari M
FAU - Krass, Peter
AU  - Krass P
FAU - Knoop, Eva V
AU  - Knoop EV
FAU - Valerius, Klaus P
AU  - Valerius KP
FAU - Gerlich, Wolfram H
AU  - Gerlich WH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis B Antibodies)
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis B Surface Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Protein Precursors)
RN  - 0 (presurface protein 1, hepatitis B surface antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Hepatitis B Antibodies
MH  - Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Hepatitis B virus/genetics/immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Hepatocytes/*virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Kinetics
MH  - Neutralization Tests
MH  - Protein Precursors/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tupaia
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9511-21.

PMID- 12915566
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Newcastle disease virus V protein is a determinant of host range
      restriction.
PG  - 9522-32
AB  - It has been demonstrated that the V protein of Newcastle disease virus
      (NDV) functions as an alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) antagonist
      (M. S. Park, M. L. Shaw, J. Munoz-Jordan, J. F. Cros, T. Nakaya, N.
      Bouvier, P. Palese, A. Garcia-Sastre, and C. F. Basler, J. Virol.
      77:1501-1511, 2003). We now show that the NDV V protein plays an important
      role in host range restriction. In order to study V functions in vivo,
      recombinant NDV (rNDV) mutants, defective in the expression of the V
      protein, were generated. These rNDV mutants grow poorly in both
      embryonated chicken eggs and chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) compared to
      the wild-type (wt) rNDV. However, insertion of the NS1 gene of influenza
      virus A/PR8/34 into the NDV V(-) genome [rNDV V(-)/NS1] restores impaired
      growth to wt levels in embryonated chicken eggs and CEFs. These data
      indicate that for viruses infecting avian cells, the NDV V protein and the
      influenza NS1 protein are functionally interchangeable, even though there
      are no sequence similarities between the two proteins. Interestingly, in
      human cells, the titer of wt rNDV is 10 times lower than that of rNDV
      V(-)/NS1. Correspondingly, the level of IFN secreted by human cells
      infected with wt rNDV is much higher than that secreted by cells infected
      with the NS1-expressing rNDV. This suggests that the IFN antagonist
      activity of the NDV V protein is species specific. Finally, the NDV V
      protein plays an important role in preventing apoptosis in a
      species-specific manner. The rNDV defective in V induces apoptotic cell
      death more rapidly in CEFs than does wt rNDV. Taken together, these data
      suggest that the host range of NDV is limited by the ability of its V
      protein to efficiently prevent innate host defenses, such as the IFN
      response and apoptosis.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New
      York 10029, USA.
FAU - Park, Man-Seong
AU  - Park MS
FAU - Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo
AU  - Garcia-Sastre A
FAU - Cros, Jerome F
AU  - Cros JF
FAU - Basler, Christopher F
AU  - Basler CF
FAU - Palese, Peter
AU  - Palese P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (36 kDa V protein, Newcastle disease virus)
RN  - 0 (INS1 protein, influenza virus)
RN  - 0 (Interferon-alpha)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Viral Nonstructural Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 77238-31-4 (Interferon-beta)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - Chick Embryo
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interferon-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis
MH  - Interferon-beta/antagonists & inhibitors/biosynthesis
MH  - Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
MH  - Newcastle disease virus/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - RNA Editing/genetics
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics/physiology
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics/immunology/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9522-32.

PMID- 12915567
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Latent herpes simplex virus infection of sensory neurons alters neuronal
      gene expression.
PG  - 9533-41
AB  - The persistence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and the diseases that it
      causes in the human population can be attributed to the maintenance of a
      latent infection within neurons in sensory ganglia. Little is known about
      the effects of latent infection on the host neuron. We have addressed the
      question of whether latent HSV infection affects neuronal gene expression
      by using microarray transcript profiling of host gene expression in
      ganglia from latently infected versus mock-infected mouse trigeminal
      ganglia. (33)P-labeled cDNA probes from pooled ganglia harvested at 30
      days postinfection or post-mock infection were hybridized to nylon arrays
      printed with 2,556 mouse genes. Signal intensities were acquired by
      phosphorimager. Mean intensities (n = 4 replicates in each of three
      independent experiments) of signals from mock-infected versus latently
      infected ganglia were compared by using a variant of Student's t test. We
      identified significant changes in the expression of mouse neuronal genes,
      including several with roles in gene expression, such as the Clk2 gene,
      and neurotransmission, such as genes encoding potassium voltage-gated
      channels and a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. We confirmed the
      neuronal localization of some of these transcripts by using in situ
      hybridization. To validate the microarray results, we performed real-time
      reverse transcriptase PCR analyses for a selection of the genes. These
      studies demonstrate that latent HSV infection can alter neuronal gene
      expression and might provide a new mechanism for how persistent viral
      infection can cause chronic disease.
AD  - Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard
      Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
FAU - Kramer, Martha F
AU  - Kramer MF
FAU - Cook, W James
AU  - Cook WJ
FAU - Roth, Frederick P
AU  - Roth FP
FAU - Zhu, Jia
AU  - Zhu J
FAU - Holman, Holly
AU  - Holman H
FAU - Knipe, David M
AU  - Knipe DM
FAU - Coen, Donald M
AU  - Coen DM
LA  - eng
GR  - P01 NS 35138/NS/NINDS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Gene Expression Profiling
MH  - Genes, MHC Class II
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Herpes Simplex/etiology/genetics/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred ICR
MH  - Neurons, Afferent/*physiology/*virology
MH  - Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Simplexvirus/genetics/*pathogenicity
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9533-41.

PMID- 12915568
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Specific association of glycoprotein B with lipid rafts during herpes
      simplex virus entry.
PG  - 9542-52
AB  - Herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry requires the interaction of glycoprotein
      D (gD) with a cellular receptor such as herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM
      or HveA) or nectin-1 (HveC). However, the fusion mechanism is still not
      understood. Since cholesterol-enriched cell membrane lipid rafts are
      involved in the entry of other enveloped viruses such as human
      immunodeficiency virus and Ebola virus, we tested whether HSV entry
      proceeds similarly. Vero cells and cells expressing either HVEM or
      nectin-1 were treated with cholesterol-sequestering drugs such as
      methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or nystatin and then exposed to virus. In all
      cases, virus entry was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, and the
      inhibitory effect was fully reversible by replenishment of cholesterol. To
      examine the association of HVEM and nectin-1 with lipid rafts, we analyzed
      whether they partitioned into nonionic detergent-insoluble
      glycolipid-enriched membranes (DIG). There was no constitutive association
      of either receptor with DIG. Binding of soluble gD or virus to cells did
      not result in association of nectin-1 with the raft-containing fractions.
      However, during infection, a fraction of gB but not gC, gD, or gH
      associated with DIG. Similarly, when cells were incubated with truncated
      soluble glycoproteins, soluble gB but not gC was found associated with
      DIG. Together, these data favor a model in which HSV uses gB to rapidly
      mobilize lipid rafts that may serve as a platform for entry and cell
      signaling. It also suggests that gB may interact with a cellular molecule
      associated with lipid rafts.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of
      Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
      fbender@biochem.dental.upen.edu
FAU - Bender, Florent C
AU  - Bender FC
FAU - Whitbeck, J Charles
AU  - Whitbeck JC
FAU - Ponce de Leon, Manuel
AU  - Ponce de Leon M
FAU - Lou, Huan
AU  - Lou H
FAU - Eisenberg, Roselyn J
AU  - Eisenberg RJ
FAU - Cohen, Gary H
AU  - Cohen GH
LA  - eng
GR  - AI-18289/AI/NIAID
GR  - NS-30606/NS/NINDS
GR  - NS-36731/NS/NINDS
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1)
RN  - 0 (herpesvirus entry mediator)
RN  - 0 (nectin)
RN  - 57-88-5 (Cholesterol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/physiology
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - Cholesterol/metabolism
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Membrane Microdomains/metabolism/*virology
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/genetics/physiology
MH  - Receptors, Virus/genetics/physiology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Solubility
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9542-52.

PMID- 12915569
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Structural and phylogenetic analysis of adenovirus hexons by use of
      high-resolution x-ray crystallographic, molecular modeling, and
      sequence-based methods.
PG  - 9553-66
AB  - A major impediment to the use of adenovirus as a gene therapy vector and
      for vaccine applications is the host immune response to adenovirus
      hexon-the major protein component of the icosahedral capsid. A solution
      may lie in novel vectors with modified or chimeric hexons designed to
      evade the immune response. To facilitate this approach, we have
      distinguished the portion of hexon that all serotypes have in common from
      the hypervariable regions that are responsible for capsid diversity and
      type-specific immunogenicity. The common hexon core-conserved because it
      forms the viral capsid-sets boundaries to the regions where modifications
      can be made to produce nonnative hexons. The core has been defined from
      the large and diverse set of known hexon sequences by an accurate
      alignment based on the newly refined crystal structures of human
      adenovirus types 2 (Ad2) and Ad5 hexon. Comparison of the two hexon
      models, which are the most accurate so far, reveals that over 90% of the
      residues in each have three-dimensional positions that closely match.
      Structures for more distant hexons were predicted by building molecular
      models of human Ad4, chimpanzee adenovirus (AdC68), and fowl adenovirus 1
      (FAV1 or CELO). The five structures were then used to guide the alignment
      of the 40 full-length (>900 residues) hexon sequences in public databases.
      Distance- and parsimony-based phylogenetic trees are consistent and reveal
      evolutionary relationships between adenovirus types that parallel those of
      their animal hosts. The combination of crystallography, molecular
      modeling, and phylogenetic analysis defines a conserved molecular core
      that can serve as the armature for the directed design of novel hexons.
AD  - The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
FAU - Rux, John J
AU  - Rux JJ
FAU - Kuser, Paula R
AU  - Kuser PR
FAU - Burnett, Roger M
AU  - Burnett RM
LA  - eng
GR  - AI-17270/AI/NIAID
GR  - CA 09171/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (Protein Subunits)
RN  - 0 (hexon capsid protein, Adenovirus)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenoviruses, Human/*chemistry/genetics/immunology
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Capsid Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/immunology
MH  - Crystallography, X-Ray
MH  - Gene Therapy
MH  - Genetic Vectors
MH  - Humans
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Protein Structure, Quaternary
MH  - Protein Subunits
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9553-66.

PMID- 12915570
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships among torovirus field
      variants: evidence for multiple intertypic recombination events.
PG  - 9567-77
AB  - Toroviruses (family Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales) are enveloped,
      positive-stranded RNA viruses that have been implicated in enteric disease
      in cattle and possibly in humans. Despite their potential veterinary and
      clinical relevance, little is known about torovirus epidemiology and
      molecular genetics. Here, we present the first study into the diversity
      among toroviruses currently present in European swine and cattle herds.
      Comparative sequence analysis was performed focusing on the genes for the
      structural proteins S, M, HE, and N, with fecal specimens serving as
      sources of viral RNA. Sequence data published for animal and human
      torovirus variants were included. Four genotypes, displaying 30 to 40%
      divergence, were readily distinguished, exemplified by bovine torovirus
      (BToV) Breda, porcine torovirus (PToV) Markelo, equine torovirus Berne,
      and the putative human torovirus. The ungulate toroviruses apparently
      display host species preference. In phylogenetic analyses, all PToV
      variants clustered, while the recent European BToVs mostly resembled the
      New World BToV variant Breda, identified 19 years ago. However, we found
      ample evidence for recurring intertypic recombination. All newly
      characterized BToV variants seem to have arisen from a genetic exchange,
      during which the 3' end of the HE gene, the N gene, and the 3'
      nontranslated region of a Breda virus-like parent had been swapped for
      those of PToV. Moreover, some PToV and BToV variants carried chimeric HE
      genes, which apparently resulted from recombination events involving
      hitherto unknown toroviruses. From these observations, the existence of
      two additional torovirus genotypes can be inferred. Toroviruses may be
      even more promiscuous than their closest relatives, the coronaviruses and
      arteriviruses.
AD  - Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology,
      Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The
      Netherlands.
FAU - Smits, S L
AU  - Smits SL
FAU - Lavazza, A
AU  - Lavazza A
FAU - Matiz, K
AU  - Matiz K
FAU - Horzinek, M C
AU  - Horzinek MC
FAU - Koopmans, M P
AU  - Koopmans MP
FAU - de Groot, R J
AU  - de Groot RJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cattle Diseases/epidemiology/virology
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Epidemiology, Molecular
MH  - Europe/epidemiology
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microscopy, Electron
MH  - Models, Genetic
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Recombination, Genetic
MH  - Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
MH  - Sus scrofa
MH  - Swine Diseases/epidemiology/virology
MH  - Torovirus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Torovirus Infections/epidemiology/veterinary/virology
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9567-77.

PMID- 12915571
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Epidemiology, genetic diversity, and evolution of endemic feline
      immunodeficiency virus in a population of wild cougars.
PG  - 9578-89
AB  - Within the large body of research on retroviruses, the distribution and
      evolution of endemic retroviruses in natural host populations have so far
      received little attention. In this study, the epidemiology, genetic
      diversity, and molecular evolution of feline immunodeficiency virus
      specific to cougars (FIVpco) was examined using blood samples collected
      over several years from a free-ranging cougar population in the western
      United States. The virus prevalence was 58% in this population (n = 52)
      and increased significantly with host age. Based on phylogenetic analysis
      of fragments of envelope (env) and polymerase (pol) genes, two genetically
      distinct lineages of FIVpco were found to cooccur in the population but
      not in the same individuals. Within each of the virus lineages,
      geographically nearby isolates formed monophyletic clusters of closely
      related viruses. Sequence diversity for env within a host rarely exceeded
      1%, and the evolution of this gene was dominated by purifying selection.
      For both pol and env, our data indicate mean rates of molecular evolution
      of 1 to 3% per 10 years. These results support the premise that FIVpco is
      well adapted to its cougar host and provide a basis for comparing
      lentivirus evolution in endemic and epidemic infections in natural hosts.
AD  - Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812,
      USA.
FAU - Biek, Roman
AU  - Biek R
FAU - Rodrigo, Allen G
AU  - Rodrigo AG
FAU - Holley, David
AU  - Holley D
FAU - Drummond, Alexei
AU  - Drummond A
FAU - Anderson, Charles R Jr
AU  - Anderson CR Jr
FAU - Ross, Howard A
AU  - Ross HA
FAU - Poss, Mary
AU  - Poss M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Viral)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antibodies, Viral/blood
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Carnivora/*virology
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Epidemiology, Molecular
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Female
MH  - Genes, env
MH  - Genes, pol
MH  - Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline/*genetics/immunology/isolation &
      purification
MH  - Lentivirus Infections/epidemiology/immunology/veterinary/virology
MH  - Male
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - United States/epidemiology
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9578-89.

PMID- 12915572
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha is induced during the early stages of
      Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic cycle reactivation
      and together with the KSHV replication and transcription activator (RTA)
      cooperatively stimulates the viral RTA, MTA, and PAN promoters.
PG  - 9590-612
AB  - During the immediate-early (IE) phase of reactivation from latency, the
      Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) replication and
      transcription activator protein (RTA) (or ORF50) is thought to be the most
      critical trigger that upregulates expression of many downstream viral
      lytic cycle genes, including the delayed-early (DE) gene encoding the
      replication-associated protein (RAP) (or K8). RAP physically interacts
      with and stabilizes the cellular transcription factor
      CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha), leading to upregulated
      expression of the cellular C/EBPalpha and p21(CIP-1) proteins followed by
      G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, RTA also interacts with
      C/EBPalpha, and both RAP and RTA cooperate with C/EBPalpha to activate the
      RAP promoter through binding to a strong proximal C/EBP binding site that
      also serves as an RTA-responsive element (RRE). Here we show that
      C/EBPalpha also activates the IE RTA promoter in transient-cotransfection
      reporter gene assays and that addition of either RTA or RAP enhances the
      effect. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and deletion analysis
      revealed three C/EBP binding sites that mediate cooperative
      transactivation of the RTA promoter by C/EBPalpha and RTA. Furthermore,
      chromatin immunoprecipitation assay results showed that the endogenous
      C/EBPalpha, RTA, and RAP proteins all associate with RTA promoter
      sequences in tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-induced primary effusion
      lymphoma (PEL) cells. Induction of endogenous KSHV RTA mRNA in PEL cells
      by exogenously introduced C/EBPalpha was confirmed by reverse
      transcription-PCR analysis and by double-label indirect immunofluorescence
      assays. Reciprocally, expression of exogenous RTA also led to an increase
      of endogenous C/EBPalpha expression that could be detected by Western
      immunoblot assays even in KSHV-negative DG75 cells. Cotransfected RTA also
      increased positive C/EBPalpha autoregulation of the C/EBPalpha promoter in
      transient-cotransfection reporter gene assays. Finally, C/EBPalpha proved
      to strongly activate the promoters of two other KSHV DE genes encoding PAN
      (polyadenylated nuclear) RNA and MTA (ORF57), which was again mediated by
      C/EBP binding sites that also contribute to RTA activation. Overall, these
      results support a model in which the cellular transcription factor
      C/EBPalpha and RTA:C/EBPalpha interactions play important roles both
      upstream and downstream of the two major KSHV regulatory proteins RTA and
      RAP during the early stages of lytic cycle reactivation.
AD  - Molecular Virology Laboratories, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular
      Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,
      Maryland 21231-1000, USA.
FAU - Wang, Shizhen Emily
AU  - Wang SE
FAU - Wu, Frederick Y
AU  - Wu FY
FAU - Yu, Yanxing
AU  - Yu Y
FAU - Hayward, Gary S
AU  - Hayward GS
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 CA73585/CA/NCI
GR  - R01 CA81400/CA/NCI
GR  - T32 CA09243/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha)
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Immediate-Early Proteins)
RN  - 0 (K8 protein, Human herpesvirus 8)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Rta protein, Human herpesvirus 8)
RN  - 0 (Trans-Activators)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Binding Sites/genetics
MH  - CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha/*biosynthesis/genetics
MH  - Carrier Proteins/genetics/physiology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
MH  - Genes, Reporter
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics/*pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immediate-Early Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Promoter Regions (Genetics)
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Trans-Activation (Genetics)
MH  - Trans-Activators/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Viral Proteins/*genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9590-612.

PMID- 12915573
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Point mutations in exon I of the herpes simplex virus putative terminase
      subunit, UL15, indicate that the most conserved residues are essential for
      cleavage and packaging.
PG  - 9613-21
AB  - The herpes simplex virus UL15 and UL28 genes are believed to encode two
      subunits of the terminase involved in cleavage and packaging of viral
      genomes. Analysis of the UL15 protein sequence and its herpesvirus
      homologues revealed the presence of 20 conserved regions. Twelve of the
      twenty regions conserved among herpesviruses are also conserved in
      terminases from DNA bacteriophage. Point mutations in UL15 were designed
      in four conserved regions: L120N (CR1), Q205E (CR2), Q251E (CR3), G263A
      (CR3), and Y285S (CR4). Transfection experiments indicated that each
      mutant gene could produce stable UL15 protein at wild-type levels;
      however, only one mutant (Q251E) was able to complement the UL15-null
      virus. Each mutation was introduced into the viral genome by marker
      transfer, and all mutants except Q251E were unable to form plaques on Vero
      cells. Furthermore, failure to form plaques on Vero cells correlated with
      a defect in cleavage and packaging. Immunofluorescence experiments
      indicated that in cells infected with all mutant viruses the UL15 protein
      could be detected and was found to localize to replication compartments.
      Although wild-type and mutant Q251E were able to produce A, B, and C
      capsids, the rest of the mutants were only able to produce B capsids, a
      finding consistent with their defects in cleavage and packaging. In
      addition, all mutant UL15 proteins retained their ability to interact with
      B capsids. Therefore, amino acid residues 120, 205, 263, and 285 are
      essential for the cleavage and packaging process rather than for
      association with capsids or localization to replication compartments.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, University of Connecticut Heath Center,
      Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
FAU - Przech, Angela J
AU  - Przech AJ
FAU - Yu, Dong
AU  - Yu D
FAU - Weller, Sandra K
AU  - Weller SK
LA  - eng
GR  - AI37549/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Capsid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (UL15 protein, herpes simplex virus 1)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Capsid Proteins/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - Conserved Sequence
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Exons
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*enzymology/*genetics/growth & development/physiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Point Mutation
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9613-21.

PMID- 12915574
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Antiviral activity of limitin against encephalomyocarditis virus, herpes
      simplex virus, and mouse hepatitis virus: diverse requirements by limitin
      and alpha interferon for interferon regulatory factor 1.
PG  - 9622-31
AB  - Limitin has sequence homology with alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and
      IFN-beta and utilizes the IFN-alpha/beta receptor. However, it has no
      influence on the proliferation of normal myeloid and erythroid
      progenitors. In this study, we show that limitin has antiviral activity in
      vitro as well as in vivo. Limitin inhibited not only cytopathic effects in
      encephalomyocarditis virus- or herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1-infected
      L929 cells, but also plaque formation in mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) type
      2-infected DBT cells. In addition, administration of limitin to mice
      suppressed MHV-induced hepatitis and HSV-induced death. The antiviral
      activity may be mediated in part by 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase,
      RNA-dependent protein kinase, and Mx protein, which inhibit viral
      replication or degrade viral components, because limitin induced their
      mRNA expression and enzyme activity. While limitin has antiviral activity
      as strong as that of IFN-alpha in vitro (the concentration that provided
      50% inhibition of cytopathic effect is approximately 30 pg/ml), IFN
      regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) dependencies for induction of an antiviral
      state were different for limitin and IFN-alpha. In IRF-1-deficient
      fibroblasts, a higher concentration of limitin than of IFN-alpha was
      required for the induction of antiviral activity and the transcription of
      proteins from IFN-stimulated response element. The unique signals and the
      fewer properties of myelosuppression suggest that a human homolog of
      limitin may be used as a new antiviral drug.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Science, Graduate School of
      Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
FAU - Kawamoto, Shin-Ichiro
AU  - Kawamoto S
FAU - Oritani, Kenji
AU  - Oritani K
FAU - Asada, Hideo
AU  - Asada H
FAU - Takahashi, Isao
AU  - Takahashi I
FAU - Ishikawa, Jun
AU  - Ishikawa J
FAU - Yoshida, Hitoshi
AU  - Yoshida H
FAU - Yamada, Masahide
AU  - Yamada M
FAU - Ishida, Naoko
AU  - Ishida N
FAU - Ujiie, Hidetoshi
AU  - Ujiie H
FAU - Masaie, Hiroaki
AU  - Masaie H
FAU - Tomiyama, Yoshiaki
AU  - Tomiyama Y
FAU - Matsuzawa, Yuji
AU  - Matsuzawa Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Interferon Type I, Recombinant)
RN  - 0 (Phosphoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (interferon regulatory factor-1)
RN  - 0 (limitin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cytokines/*pharmacology
MH  - Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/*physiology
MH  - Encephalomyocarditis virus/*drug effects/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*drug effects/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Interferon Type I, Recombinant/*pharmacology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Murine hepatitis virus/*drug effects/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Phosphoproteins/*physiology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Virus Replication/drug effects
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9622-31.

PMID- 12915575
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis encephalitis virus genomes encode
      a Vpr-like but no Tat protein.
PG  - 9632-8
AB  - A small open reading frame (ORF) in maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine
      arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) was initially named "tat" by analogy
      with a similarly placed ORF in the primate lentiviruses. The encoded "Tat"
      protein was ascribed the function of up regulation of the viral
      transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter, but we have
      recently reported that MVV and CAEV Tat proteins lack trans-activation
      function activity under physiological conditions (S. Villet, C. Faure, B.
      Bouzar, G. Verdien, Y. Chebloune, and C. Legras, Virology 307:317-327,
      2003). In the present work, we show that MVV Tat localizes to the nucleus
      of transfected cells, probably through the action of a nuclear
      localization signal in its C-terminal portion. We also show that, unlike
      the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat protein, MVV Tat was not
      secreted into the medium by transfected human or caprine cells in the
      absence of cell lysis but that, like the primate accessory protein Vpr,
      MVV and CAEV Tat proteins were incorporated into viral particles. In
      addition, analysis of the primary protein structures showed that
      small-ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) Tat proteins are more similar to the HIV
      type 1 (HIV-1) Vpr protein than to HIV-1 Tat. We also demonstrate a
      functional similarity between the SRLV Tat proteins and the HIV-1 Vpr
      product in the induction of a specific G(2) arrest of the cell cycle in
      MVV Tat-transfected cells, which increases the G(2)/G(1) ratio 2.8-fold.
      Together, these data strongly suggest that the tat ORF in the SRLV genomes
      does not code for a regulatory transactivator of the LTR but, rather, for
      a Vpr-like accessory protein.
AD  - UMR 754 INRA/ENVL/UCBL, Retrovirus et pathologie comparee, "Virologie
      Cellulaire, Moleculaire, et Maladies Emergentes," Universite Claude
      Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France.
FAU - Villet, Stephanie
AU  - Villet S
FAU - Bouzar, Baya Amel
AU  - Bouzar BA
FAU - Morin, Thierry
AU  - Morin T
FAU - Verdier, Gerard
AU  - Verdier G
FAU - Legras, Catherine
AU  - Legras C
FAU - Chebloune, Yahia
AU  - Chebloune Y
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, tat)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, vpr)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus, Caprine/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Comparative Study
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - G2 Phase
MH  - Gene Products, tat/genetics/physiology
MH  - Gene Products, vpr/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Genes, tat
MH  - Genes, vpr
MH  - *Genome, Viral
MH  - Goats
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Humans
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Subcellular Fractions/virology
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Visna-maedi virus/*genetics/pathogenicity/physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9632-8.

PMID- 12915576
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Existence of transdominant and potentiating mutants of UL9, the herpes
      simplex virus type 1 origin-binding protein, suggests that levels of UL9
      protein may be regulated during infection.
PG  - 9639-51
AB  - UL9 is a multifunctional protein required for herpes simplex virus type 1
      (HSV-1) replication in vivo. UL9 is a member of the superfamily II
      helicases and exhibits helicase and origin-binding activities. We have
      previously shown that mutations in the conserved helicase motifs of UL9
      can have either a transdominant or potentiating effect on the
      plaque-forming ability of infectious DNA from wild-type virus (A. J. Malik
      and S. K. Weller, J. Virol. 70:7859-7866, 1996). In this paper, the
      mechanisms of transdominance and potentiation are explored. We show that
      the motif V mutant protein containing a G to A substitution at residue 354
      is unstable when expressed by transfection and is either processed to a
      38-kDa N-terminal fragment or degraded completely. The overexpression of
      the MV mutant protein is able to influence the steady-state protein levels
      of wild-type UL9 and to override the inhibitory effects of wild-type UL9.
      Potentiation correlates with the ability of the UL9 variants containing
      the G354A mutation to be processed or degraded to the 38-kDa form. We
      propose that the MV mutant protein is able to interact with full-length
      UL9 and that this interaction results in a decrease in the steady-state
      levels of UL9, which in turn leads to enhanced viral infection.
      Furthermore, we demonstrate that inhibition of HSV-1 infection can be
      obtained by overexpression of full-length UL9, the C-terminal third of the
      protein containing the origin-binding domain, or the N-terminal two-thirds
      of UL9 containing the conserved helicase motifs and the putative
      dimerization domain. Our results suggest that transdominance can be
      mediated by overexpression, origin-binding activity, and dimerization,
      whereas potentiation is most likely caused by the ability of the UL9 MV
      mutant to influence the steady-state levels of wild-type UL9. Taken
      together, the results presented in this paper suggest that the regulation
      of steady-state levels of UL9 may play an important role in controlling
      viral infection.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, University of Connecticut Health Center,
      Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA.
FAU - Marintcheva, Boriana
AU  - Marintcheva B
FAU - Weller, Sandra K
AU  - Weller SK
LA  - eng
GR  - AI21747/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (DNA-Binding Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Peptide Fragments)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 115004-77-8 (UL9 protein, Human herpesvirus 1)
RN  - EC 5.99.- (DNA Helicases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cercopithecus aethiops
MH  - DNA Helicases/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Herpesvirus 1, Human/*genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Peptide Fragments/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Spodoptera
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Vero Cells
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9639-51.

PMID- 12915577
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20050204
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Cell cycle regulation by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K-bZIP:
      direct interaction with cyclin-CDK2 and induction of G1 growth arrest.
PG  - 9652-61
AB  - In order to cope with hostile host environments, many viruses have
      developed strategies to perturb the cellular machinery to suit their
      replication needs. Some herpesvirus genes protect cells from undergoing
      apoptosis to prolong the lives of infected cells, while others, such as
      Epstein-Barr virus Zta, slow down the G(1)/S transition phase to allow
      ample opportunity for transcription and translation of viral genes before
      the onset of cellular genomic replication. In this study, we investigated
      whether Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) K-bZIP, a homologue
      of the Epstein-Barr virus transcription factor BZLF1 (Zta), plays a role
      in cell cycle regulation. Here we show that K-bZIP physically associates
      with cyclin-CDK2 and downmodulates its kinase activity. The association
      can be detected in the natural environment of KSHV-infected cells without
      artificial overexpression of either component. With purified protein, it
      can be shown that the interaction between K-bZIP and cyclin-CDK2 is direct
      and that K-bZIP alone is sufficient to inhibit CDK2 activity. The
      interacting domain of K-bZIP has been mapped to the basic region. The
      result of these associations is a prolonged G(1) phase, accompanied by the
      induction of p21 and p27 in a naturally infected B-cell line. Thus, in
      addition to the previously described transcription and genome replication
      functions, a new role of K-bZIP in KSHV replication is identified in this
      report.
AD  - Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of
      California, Davis, UC Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817,
      USA.
FAU - Izumiya, Yoshihiro
AU  - Izumiya Y
FAU - Lin, Su-Fang
AU  - Lin SF
FAU - Ellison, Thomas J
AU  - Ellison TJ
FAU - Levy, Alon M
AU  - Levy AM
FAU - Mayeur, Greg L
AU  - Mayeur GL
FAU - Izumiya, Chie
AU  - Izumiya C
FAU - Kung, Hsing-Jien
AU  - Kung HJ
LA  - eng
GR  - CA46613/CA/NCI
GR  - CA91574/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Carrier Proteins)
RN  - 0 (K8 protein, Human herpesvirus 8)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.- (cyclin-dependent kinase 2)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (CDC2-CDC28 Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Cyclin-Dependent Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.37 (Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/cytology/metabolism/virology
MH  - Binding Sites
MH  - *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases
MH  - Carrier Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Cell Cycle/*physiology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/*physiology
MH  - G1 Phase/physiology
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Hela Cells
MH  - Herpesvirus 8, Human/genetics/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*physiology
MH  - Recombinant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Virus Replication/physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9652-61.

PMID- 12915578
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Chromosomal distribution of endogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
      proviral sequences in the sheep genome.
PG  - 9662-8
AB  - A family of endogenous retroviruses (enJSRV) closely related to Jaagsiekte
      sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is ubiquitous in domestic and wild sheep and
      goats. Southern blot hybridization studies indicate that there is little
      active replication or movement of the enJSRV proviruses in these species.
      Two approaches were used to investigate the distribution of proviral loci
      in the sheep genome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to
      metaphase chromosome spreads using viral DNA probes was used to detect
      loci on chromosomes. Hybridization signals were reproducibly detected on
      seven sheep chromosomes and eight goat chromosomes in seven cell lines. In
      addition, a panel of 30 sheep-hamster hybrid cell lines, each of which
      carries one or more sheep chromosomes and which collectively contain the
      whole sheep genome, was examined for enJSRV sequences. DNA from each of
      the lines was used as a template for PCR with JSRV gag-specific primers. A
      PCR product was amplified from 27 of the hybrid lines, indicating that
      JSRV gag sequences are found on at least 15 of the 28 sheep chromosomes,
      including those identified by FISH. Thus, enJSRV proviruses are
      essentially randomly distributed among the chromosomes of sheep and goats.
      FISH and/or Southern blot hybridization on DNA from several of the
      sheep-hamster hybrid cell lines suggests that loci containing multiple
      copies of enJSRV are present on chromosomes 6 and 9. The origin and
      functional significance of these arrays is not known.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management,
      Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
      jcarlson@colostate.edu
FAU - Carlson, Jonathan
AU  - Carlson J
FAU - Lyon, Monique
AU  - Lyon M
FAU - Bishop, Jeanette
AU  - Bishop J
FAU - Vaiman, Anne
AU  - Vaiman A
FAU - Cribiu, Edmond
AU  - Cribiu E
FAU - Mornex, Jean-Francois
AU  - Mornex JF
FAU - Brown, Susan
AU  - Brown S
FAU - Knudson, Dennis
AU  - Knudson D
FAU - DeMartini, James
AU  - DeMartini J
FAU - Leroux, Caroline
AU  - Leroux C
LA  - eng
GR  - 1R01 CA 59116/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Chromosomes/genetics/virology
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Genes, gag
MH  - Genome
MH  - Goats/genetics/virology
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Hybrid Cells
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma virus/*genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Physical Chromosome Mapping
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Proviruses/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sheep/*genetics/*virology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9662-8.

PMID- 12915579
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Surface downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I,
      PE-CAM, and ICAM-1 following de novo infection of endothelial cells with
      Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
PG  - 9669-84
AB  - Under selective pressure from host cytotoxic T lymphocytes, many viruses
      have evolved to downregulate major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class
      I and/or T-cell costimulatory molecules from the surface of infected
      cells. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes two
      proteins, MIR-1 and MIR-2, that serve this function during lytic
      replication. In vivo, however, KSHV exists in a predominantly latent
      state, with less than 5% of infected cells expressing discernible lytic
      gene products. Thus, mechanisms of immune evasion that depend on genes
      expressed only during lytic replication are unlikely to be active in most
      KSHV-infected cells. As a result, we searched for evidence of similar
      defensive strategies extant during latency, employing culture systems that
      strongly favor latent KSHV infection. We measured cell surface levels of
      immunomodulatory proteins on both primary dermal microvascular endothelial
      cells (pDMVEC) infected through coculture with induced primary effusion
      lymphoma cells and telomerase-immortalized DMVEC infected directly with
      cell-free virus. Employing a panel of antibodies against several
      endothelial cell surface proteins, we show that de novo infection with
      KSHV leads to the downregulation of MHC class I, CD31 (PE-CAM), and CD54
      (ICAM-I) but not CD58 (LFA-3) or CD95 (Fas). Furthermore, flow cytometry
      with a fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody to the latency-associated
      nuclear antigen (LANA) revealed that downregulation occurred predominantly
      on KSHV-infected (LANA-positive) cells. Although the vast majority of
      infected cells displayed this downregulation, less than 1% expressed
      either immediate-early or late lytic proteins detectable by
      immunofluorescence. Together, these results suggest that downregulation of
      immunomodulatory proteins on the surface of target cells may represent a
      constitutive mode of immune evasion employed by KSHV following de novo
      infection.
AD  - Myles H. Thaler Center for AIDS and Human Retrovirus Research, Department
      of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908,
      USA.
FAU - Tomescu, Costin
AU  - Tomescu C
FAU - Law, Wai K
AU  - Law WK
FAU - Kedes, Dean H
AU  - Kedes DH
LA  - eng
GR  - CA88768-01/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD31)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD58)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
RN  - 126547-89-5 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (Telomerase)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.- (telomerase reverse transcriptase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antigens, CD31/*metabolism
MH  - Antigens, CD58/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line, Transformed
MH  - Cell Membrane/immunology
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Coculture Techniques
MH  - Down-Regulation
MH  - Endothelium, Vascular/*immunology/*virology
MH  - Fluorescent Antibody Technique
MH  - Herpesvirus 8, Human/*immunology/*pathogenicity
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Telomerase/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9669-84.

PMID- 12915580
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - A bromodomain-containing protein from tomato specifically binds potato
      spindle tuber viroid RNA in vitro and in vivo.
PG  - 9685-94
AB  - For the identification of RNA-binding proteins that specifically interact
      with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd), we subjected a tomato cDNA
      expression library prepared from viroid-infected leaves to an RNA ligand
      screening procedure. We repeatedly identified cDNA clones that expressed a
      protein of 602 amino acids. The protein contains a bromodomain and was
      termed viroid RNA-binding protein 1 (VIRP1). The specificity of
      interaction of VIRP1 with viroid RNA was studied by different
      methodologies, which included Northwestern blotting, plaque lift, and
      electrophoretic mobility shift assays. VIRP1 interacted strongly and
      specifically with monomeric and oligomeric PSTVd positive-strand RNA
      transcripts. Other RNAs, for example, U1 RNA, did not bind to VIRP1.
      Further, we could immunoprecipitate complexes from infected tomato leaves
      that contained VIRP1 and viroid RNA in vivo. Analysis of the protein
      sequence revealed that VIRP1 is a member of a newly identified family of
      transcriptional regulators associated with chromatin remodeling. VIRP1 is
      the first member of this family of proteins, for which a specific
      RNA-binding activity is shown. A possible role of VIRP1 in viroid
      replication and in RNA mediated chromatin remodeling is discussed.
AD  - Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research
      and Technology, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
FAU - Martinez de Alba, Angel Emilio
AU  - Martinez de Alba AE
FAU - Sagesser, Rudolf
AU  - Sagesser R
FAU - Tabler, Martin
AU  - Tabler M
FAU - Tsagris, Mina
AU  - Tsagris M
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/AJ249592
SI  - GENBANK/AJ249593
SI  - GENBANK/AJ249594
SI  - GENBANK/AJ249595
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Plant Proteins)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (RNA-Binding Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Gene Expression
MH  - Genes, Plant
MH  - Lycopersicon esculentum/genetics/*metabolism/*virology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Processing, Post-Translational
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - RNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Viroids/*genetics/growth & development/pathogenicity/*physiology
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9685-94.

PMID- 12915581
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Differences in the N termini of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 gDs that
      influence functional interactions with the human entry receptor Nectin-2
      and an entry receptor expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
PG  - 9695-9
AB  - Amino acid differences at seven positions in the N termini of the
      glycoproteins D (gDs) specified by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and
      HSV-2 are largely responsible for the significantly higher cell fusion
      activity of HSV-2 gD with Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human
      nectin-2 or only an endogenous hamster receptor.
AD  - Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine,
      Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
FAU - Zago, Anna
AU  - Zago A
FAU - Spear, Patricia G
AU  - Spear PG
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 CA21776/CA/NCI
GR  - R37 AI36293/AI/NIAID
GR  - U19 AI31494/AI/NIAID
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Cell Adhesion Molecules)
RN  - 0 (Plasmids)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein D-herpes simplex virus type 2)
RN  - 0 (nectin)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - CHO Cells
MH  - Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics/*physiology
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Humans
MH  - Membrane Fusion
MH  - Models, Molecular
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Plasmids/genetics
MH  - Protein Structure, Tertiary
MH  - Receptors, Virus/genetics/physiology
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*physiology
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9695-9.

PMID- 12915582
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Murid herpesvirus 4 strain 68 M2 protein is a B-cell-associated antigen
      important for latency but not lymphocytosis.
PG  - 9700-9
AB  - This work describes analyses of the function of the murid herpesvirus 4
      strain 68 (MHV-68) M2 gene. A frameshift mutation was made in the M2 open
      reading frame that caused premature termination of translation of M2 after
      amino acid residue 90. The M2 mutant showed no defect in productive
      replication in vitro or in lungs after infection of mice. Likewise, the
      characteristic transient increase in spleen cell number, Vbeta4
      T-cell-receptor-positive CD8(+) T-cell mononucleosis, and establishment of
      latency were unaffected. However, the M2 mutant virus was defective in its
      ability to cause the transient sharp rise in latently infected cells
      normally seen in the spleen after infection of mice. We also demonstrate
      that expression of M2 is restricted to B cells in the spleen and that M2
      encodes a 30-kDa protein localizing predominantly in the cytoplasm and
      plasma membrane of B cells.
AD  - Department of Medical Microbiology and Genitourinary Medicine, Centre for
      Comparative Infectious Diseases, University of Liverpool, Liverpool,
      United Kingdom.
FAU - Macrae, Alastair I
AU  - Macrae AI
FAU - Usherwood, Edward J
AU  - Usherwood EJ
FAU - Husain, S Mazher
AU  - Husain SM
FAU - Flano, Emilio
AU  - Flano E
FAU - Kim, In-Jeong
AU  - Kim IJ
FAU - Woodland, David L
AU  - Woodland DL
FAU - Nash, Anthony A
AU  - Nash AA
FAU - Blackman, Marcia A
AU  - Blackman MA
FAU - Sample, Jeffery T
AU  - Sample JT
FAU - Stewart, James P
AU  - Stewart JP
LA  - eng
GR  - AI42927/AI/NIAID
GR  - CA90208/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Viral)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Recombinant Fusion Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Matrix Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Viral/*genetics
MH  - B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*virology
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - DNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Genes, Viral
MH  - Hamsters
MH  - Herpesviridae Infections/immunology/virology
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Lung/immunology/virology
MH  - Lymphocytosis/etiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred BALB C
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Rhadinovirus/genetics/*immunology/*pathogenicity/physiology
MH  - Spleen/immunology/virology
MH  - T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology/virology
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Tumor Virus Infections/immunology/virology
MH  - Viral Matrix Proteins/*genetics/*immunology
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9700-9.

PMID- 12915583
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Protective efficacy of an AIDS vaccine, a single DNA priming followed by a
      single booster with a recombinant replication-defective Sendai virus
      vector, in a macaque AIDS model.
PG  - 9710-5
AB  - We previously demonstrated the excellent protective efficacy of DNA
      priming followed by Gag-expressing Sendai virus (SeV) boosting (DNA
      prime/SeV-Gag boost vaccine) against a pathogenic simian-human
      immunodeficiency virus (SHIV89.6PD) infection in macaques. Here we show
      that we established a practical, safer AIDS vaccine protocol, a single DNA
      priming followed by a single booster with a recently developed
      replication-defective F deletion SeV-expressing Gag, and show its
      protective efficacy against SHIV89.6PD infections.
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of
      Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
FAU - Takeda, Akiko
AU  - Takeda A
FAU - Igarashi, Hiroko
AU  - Igarashi H
FAU - Nakamura, Hiromi
AU  - Nakamura H
FAU - Kano, Munehide
AU  - Kano M
FAU - Iida, Akihiro
AU  - Iida A
FAU - Hirata, Takahiro
AU  - Hirata T
FAU - Hasegawa, Mamoru
AU  - Hasegawa M
FAU - Nagai, Yoshiyuki
AU  - Nagai Y
FAU - Matano, Tetsuro
AU  - Matano T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (AIDS Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (DNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Vectors)
RN  - 0 (SAIDS Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Vaccines, DNA)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS Vaccines/*administration & dosage/genetics
MH  - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Animals
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - DNA, Viral/*administration & dosage/genetics
MH  - Defective Viruses/genetics
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Genes, gag
MH  - Genetic Vectors
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization, Secondary
MH  - Macaca fascicularis
MH  - Macaca mulatta
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - SAIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage/genetics
MH  - Sendai virus/genetics
MH  - Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/prevention & control
MH  - Vaccines, DNA/*administration & dosage/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9710-5.

PMID- 12915584
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - High circulating frequencies of tumor necrosis factor alpha- and
      interleukin-2-secreting human T-lymphotropic virus type 1
      (HTLV-1)-specific CD4+ T cells in patients with HTLV-1-associated
      neurological disease.
PG  - 9716-22
AB  - Significantly higher frequencies of tumor necrosis factor alpha- and
      interleukin-2-secreting human T-lymphotropic virus type 1
      (HTLV-1)-specific CD4(+) T cells were present in the peripheral blood
      mononuclear cells of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic
      paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients than in those of asymptomatic carriers with
      similar provirus loads. The data suggest that HTLV-1-specific CD4(+) T
      cells play a role in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP.
AD  - Department of Immunology, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United
      Kingdom.
FAU - Goon, Peter K C
AU  - Goon PK
FAU - Igakura, Tadahiko
AU  - Igakura T
FAU - Hanon, Emmanuel
AU  - Hanon E
FAU - Mosley, Angelina J
AU  - Mosley AJ
FAU - Asquith, Becca
AU  - Asquith B
FAU - Gould, Keith G
AU  - Gould KG
FAU - Taylor, Graham P
AU  - Taylor GP
FAU - Weber, Jonathan N
AU  - Weber JN
FAU - Bangham, Charles R M
AU  - Bangham CR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Lymphotoxin)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 16561-29-8 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate)
RN  - 39424-53-8 (enterotoxin B, staphylococcal)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon Type II)
SB  - IM
MH  - CD4 Lymphocyte Count
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/*immunology/*virology
MH  - Carrier State/immunology
MH  - Enterotoxins/pharmacology
MH  - Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*immunology/isolation & purification
MH  - Humans
MH  - In Vitro
MH  - Interferon Type II/biosynthesis
MH  - Interleukin-2/*biosynthesis
MH  - Lymphotoxin/biosynthesis
MH  - Paraparesis, Tropical Spastic/etiology/*immunology
MH  - Proviruses/immunology/isolation & purification
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*biosynthesis
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9716-22.

PMID- 12915585
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Early- and intermediate-stage variants of simian immunodeficiency virus
      replicate efficiently in cells lacking CCR5.
PG  - 9723-7
AB  - Primate lentiviruses are thought to use the chemokine receptor CCR5 as the
      major coreceptor for entry into cells. Here we show that some variants of
      simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replicate efficiently in peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) lacking a functional CCR5. There were
      differences in the replication patterns of sequential variants that
      evolved during SIVMne infection; the late-stage pathogenic variants were
      unable to replicate in PBMCs lacking CCR5, whereas the early- and
      intermediate-stage viruses replicated as well in PBMCs lacking CCR5 as
      they did in cells with wild-type CCR5. The coreceptor specificities of
      these sequential variants were compared using indicator cell lines
      expressing known SIV coreceptors. Among the known SIV coreceptors, there
      were none that were functional for the early and intermediate variants but
      not the late-stage variants, suggesting that the coreceptor used for
      replication in PBMCs may be a coreceptor that has not yet been described.
      Because some variants replicate with high efficiency in peripheral blood
      cells using this as yet uncharacterized cellular receptor, this coreceptor
      may be important for viral entry of some target cell populations in the
      host.
AD  - Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
      Seattle, Washington, USA.
FAU - Forte, Serene
AU  - Forte S
FAU - Harmon, Mary-Elizabeth
AU  - Harmon ME
FAU - Pineda, Mario J
AU  - Pineda MJ
FAU - Overbaugh, Julie
AU  - Overbaugh J
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI34251/AI/NIAID
GR  - T32 CA09229/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Gag protein p27, Simian immunodeficiency virus)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, gag)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, CCR5)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Gene Products, gag/biosynthesis
MH  - HIV-1/genetics/immunology/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology/virology
MH  - Receptors, CCR5/*deficiency/genetics/physiology
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - SIV/genetics/immunology/*physiology
MH  - Sequence Deletion
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Variation (Genetics)
MH  - Virus Replication
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9723-7.

PMID- 12915586
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DA  - 20030813
DCOM- 20030924
LR  - 20041117
PUBM- Print
IS  - 0022-538X
VI  - 77
IP  - 17
DP  - 2003 Sep
TI  - Susceptibility of human hepatitis delta virus RNAs to small interfering
      RNA action.
PG  - 9728-31
AB  - In animal cells, small interfering RNAs (siRNA), when exogenously
      provided, have been reported to be capable of inhibiting replication of
      several different viruses. In preliminary studies, siRNA species were
      designed and tested for their ability to act on the protein expressed in
      Huh7 cells transfected with DNA-directed mRNA constructs containing
      hepatitis delta virus (HDV) target sequences. The aim was to achieve siRNA
      specific for each of the three RNAs of HDV replication: (i) the
      1,679-nucleotide circular RNA genome, (ii) its exact complement, the
      antigenome, and (iii) the less abundant polyadenylated mRNA for the small
      delta protein. Many of the 16 siRNA tested gave >80% inhibition in this
      assay. Next, these three classes of siRNA were tested for their ability to
      act during HDV genome replication. It was found that only siRNA targeted
      against HDV mRNA sequences could interfere with HDV genome replication. In
      contrast, siRNA targeted against genomic and antigenomic RNA sequences had
      no detectable effect on the accumulation of these RNAs. Reconstruction
      experiments with nonreplicating HDV RNA sequences support the
      interpretation that neither the potential for intramolecular rod-like RNA
      folding nor the presence of the delta protein conferred resistance to
      siRNA. In terms of replicating HDV RNAs, it is considered more likely that
      the genomic and antigenomic RNAs are resistant because their location
      within the nucleus makes them inaccessible to siRNA-mediated degradation.
AD  - Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111-2497, USA.
FAU - Chang, Jinhong
AU  - Chang J
FAU - Taylor, John M
AU  - Taylor JM
LA  - eng
GR  - AI-26522/AI/NIAID
GR  - CA-06927/CA/NCI
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Hepatitis Delta Virus)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Small Interfering)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Genome, Viral
MH  - Hepatitis Delta Virus/drug effects/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - RNA Interference
MH  - RNA, Messenger/genetics
MH  - RNA, Small Interfering/*genetics/*pharmacology
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics
MH  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MH  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MH  - Transfection
MH  - Virus Replication/drug effects/genetics
EDAT- 2003/08/14 05:00
MHDA- 2003/09/25 05:00
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol 2003 Sep;77(17):9728-31.