Identification_Information:
  Citation:
    Citation_Information:
      Originator: Dewey, Michael R., Author;
      Originator: Jennings, Cecil A., Author;
      Originator: National Biological Survey, National Fisheries Research Center, Author;
      Originator: National Biological Survey, National Fisheries Research Center, Author;
      Publication_Date: 1994
      Title: Factors Limiting the Distribution of Larval and Juvenile Fishes in Vegetated Habitats of the Upper Mississippi River
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Technical report
      Publication_Information:
        Publication_Place: Onalaska, Wisc.
        Publisher: National Biological Survey, Environmental Management Technical Center
      Other_Citation_Details:
        Extent of Item: 80 p.
        Date as Writen: April 1994
        Illustrative Matter: Diagrams
        Illustrative Matter: Maps
        Illustrative Matter: Tables
        Series Title, Subtitle and Numbering as it appears on item: Long Term Resource Monitoring Program Special Report 94-S0005
        Notes: (Data entered via BMDB Web Input Form, #B659)

  Description:
    Abstract:
      We studied the use that young fishes make of vegetated and
      nonvegetated habitats in Lawrence Lake (Pool 8, Upper Mississippi
      River). Habitat use was both extensive and variable. Fish were found
      in all portions of the macrophyte beds. Backwater macrophyte beds
      both near to and distant from the main channel of the Mississippi
      River displayed similar patterns of habitat use. The open water site
      was used principally by gizzard shad and unidentified Cyprinidae.
      Habitat use in macrophyte beds with differing vegetation densities
      in Lawrence Lake was probably influenced by multiple factors.
      Physical and chemical microhabitat data explained little of the
      variation in catch in light traps. Two-stage sampling analyses
      indicated that when fish density is highly variable, sampling at
      many stations (one sample per station) is needed to assess habitat
      use in relation to vegetation density and species complexity. We
      evaluated several gears for both quantitative and nonquantitative
      sampling of juvenile fishes in vegetated habitats. From July through
      September, we conducted field tests to compare catches from light
      traps, fyke nets, hoop nets, gill nets, and minnow traps. Three
      quantitative sampling gears, an electrofishing frame, a drop net,
      and a pop net, were used. The electrofishing frame was modified with
      a drop-net mechanism to assess the capture efficiency of the
      electrofishing device and to serve as a drop net. Light traps, which
      principally sampled larval fishes, were effective in vegetated
      habitats. Catches with all three quantitative gears were dominated
      by juvenile bluegills. The electrofishing frame caught significantly
      fewer fish in turbid vegetated areas than the drop and pop nets, due
      to difficulty in observing and netting stunned fish. Capture
      efficiencies with the electrofishing frame were higher in clear
      nonvegetated areas (mean 80%) than in turbid vegetated areas (mean
      5%). The drop net and pop net yielded similar catches in number and
      species composition. With the drop net, extensive seining (8-10
      hauls) was required to collect all fish within the net enclosure.
      However, use of a removal method to estimate absolute catch
      decreased seining effort to three or four hauls, more comparable to
      that of the pop net. We recommend either drop nets or pop nets for
      quantitative sampling. Replicated tests with nonquantitative
      sampling gears were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fyke
      nets, hoop nets, small-mesh gill nets, and minnow traps in
      submergent vegetation and the effectiveness of small-mesh gill nets
      and hoop nets in an open water habitat. Of the nonquantitative gears
      tested, fyke nets produced the greatest numbers and species of fish.
      In open water, replicated sets of small-mesh gill nets and hoop nets
      showed that the gill nets were effective for capturing gizzard shad
      and golden shiners.
    Purpose: Reporting results of research.
    Supplemental_Information:
      This metadata file can be found at:
      <URL: http://pubsmeta.er.usgs.gov/metadata/m002001014b_150.txt>; (text format)
      <URL: http://pubsmeta.er.usgs.gov/metadata/m002001014b_150.html>; (HTML format)
      <URL: http://pubsmeta.er.usgs.gov/metadata//m002001014b_150.sgml>; (SGML format)
  Time_Period_of_Content:
    Time_Period_Information:
      Single_Date/Time:
        Calendar_Date: 1994
    Currentness_Reference: No information provided
  Status:
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned
  Spatial_Domain:
    Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
    Unknown.  This information is not normally part of a publication bibliographic record. The coordinates provided below are default coordinates which cover the United States including Alaska and Hawaii.
    Bounding_Coordinates:
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -140.0
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -60.0
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 75.0
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: -15.0
  Keywords:
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Subject Category from NBII Bibliographic Metadata Input Page
      Theme_Keyword: Ecosystems -- Ecological Communities
      Theme_Keyword: Fish
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus:
        Testbed Controlled Vocabulary from NBII Bibliographic Metadata
        Input Page
      Theme_Keyword: larval fish
      Theme_Keyword: backwaters
      Theme_Keyword: sampling gear
      Theme_Keyword: microhabitat
      Theme_Keyword: upper mississippi river
      Theme_Keyword: aerial videography
    Theme:
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: fish
    Place:
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: upper mississippi river
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: None
  Point_of_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Dewey, Michael R.
      Contact_Position: Author
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: physical and mailing
        Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road
        City: La Crosse
        State_or_Province: WI
        Postal_Code: 54603
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-783-6451
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 608-783-6066

Distribution_Information:
  Distributor:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Person_Primary:
        Contact_Person: Georginia R. Ardinger
        Contact_Organization: National Biological Survey, Environmental Management Technical Center
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 575 Lester Avenue
        City: Onalaska
        State_or_Province: WI
        Postal_Code: 54650
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-783-7550
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 608-783-8058
  Resource_Description: R00150
  Distribution_Liability:
    Although this data and information has been processed
    successfully on a computer system at the USGS Biological
    Resources Division, no warranty expressed or implied is made
    regarding the accuracy or utility of the data and information
    on any other system or for general or scientific purposes,
    nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.
    This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and
    information, and aggregate use with other data and information.
    It is also strongly recommended that careful attention be paid
    to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data
    and information.  The USGS shall not be held liable for improper
    or incorrect use of the data and information described and/or
    contained herein.
  Standard_Order_Process:
    Fees: $19.50.
    Ordering_Instructions:
      Release unlimited. Available from National Technical Information Service,
      5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161
      (1-800-553-6847 or 703-487-4650). NTIS Accession
      No. PB 94-177342.

Metadata_Reference_Information:
  Metadata_Date: 19990609
  Metadata_Contact:
    Contact_Information:
      Contact_Organization_Primary:
        Contact_Organization: National Biological Survey, National Fisheries Research Center
      Contact_Address:
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road
        City: La Crosse
        State_or_Province: WI
        Postal_Code: 54603
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 608-783-6451
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 608-783-6066
  Metadata_Standard_Name: NBII
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998