BEE-spoke-data/govdocs1-by-extension huggingface dataset:
#25 00,03,06,09,12,15,18,21   * * * /usr/local/apps/perl5/bin/perl /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps/etc/sched.pl /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps /scratch/localhost/laps/t22/data_01
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#05,25                      * * * * /usr/local/apps/perl5/bin/perl /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps/etc/laps_driver.pl lsr_driver.exe /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps /scratch/localhost/laps/t22/data_01
#
#
#Jet Monitor
15,45 * * * * rsh jet /home/albers/www/JET.cgi 1 > /w3/lapb/monitors/external/jet.html 2> /dev/null
#
#
# TW_CWB Web products: Includes FTP and purge operations.
05 * * * * /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_remote.sh /data/lapb/tw/cwb/data tw_cwb /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps fxsvc02a.cwb.gov.tw /pj/laps/data_disk/laps/data 62 jetson rsh 1> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_tw_cwb.log 2> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_tw_cwb.err
#
# WIAP-Jet Web products: Includes FTP and purge operations.
05 * * * * /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_remote.sh /data/lapb/wiap_test/wiap_jet/data wiap /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps jet.fsl.noaa.gov /p10/wiap/wiap10/data 2 jetson rsh  1> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_wiap_jet.log 2> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_wiap_jet.err
#
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48,18 * * * * /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_remote.sh /data/lapb/wiap_test/ihop12_jet ihop12 /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps jet.fsl.noaa.gov /rt2/ihoplaps/laps12 13 gossamer rsh 1> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_ihop12_jet.log 2> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_ihop12_jet.err
48,18 * * * * /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_remote.sh /data/lapb/wiap_test/ihop04_jet ihop04 /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps jet.fsl.noaa.gov /rt2/ihoplaps/laps04 13 gossamer rsh 1> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_ihop04_jet.log 2> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_ihop04_jet.err
#
# USFS-Jet Web products: Includes FTP and purge operations.
40    * * * * /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_remote.sh /data/lapb/wiap_test/usfs_jet/f1 f1 /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps jet.fsl.noaa.gov /p10/usfsfire/f1/data 2 jetson rsh 1> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_f1_jet.log 2> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_f1_jet.err
40    * * * * /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_remote.sh /data/lapb/wiap_test/usfs_jet/f2 f2 /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps jet.fsl.noaa.gov /p10/usfsfire/f2/data 2 jetson rsh 1> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_f2_jet.log 2> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_f2_jet.err
45    * * * * /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_remote.sh /data/lapb/wiap_test/usfs_jet/f3 f3 /usr/nfs/lapb/builds/laps jet.fsl.noaa.gov /p10/usfsfire/f3/data 2 jetson rsh 1> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_f3_jet.log 2> /usr/nfs/common/lapb/www/followup_f3_jet.err
TITLE:   GCN GRB OBSERVATION REPORT
NUMBER:  1563
SUBJECT: XRF020903: TNG and Asiago photometry 
DATE:    02/10/03 08:43:21 GMT
FROM:    Stefano Covino at Brera Astronomical Observatory  <covino@merate.mi.astro.it>

Covino S., Malesani D., Ghisellini G., Stefanon M., Tavecchio F. (INAF-OAB), 
Covone G., Fugazza D. (INAF-TNG), Di Paola A., Israel G.L. (INAF-OAR), 
Mannucci F. (IRA-CNR), Masetti N. (IASF-CNR), Pian E. ((INAF-OAT), on behalf 
of a larger Italian collaboration, report:

We observed the varying source (VS) in the field of XRF 020903 (Ricker et al., 
GCN 1530; Soderberg et al., GCN 1554) on Oct 1.9 UT, with the Italian 3.5m 
TNG telescope, using BVRI filters. Seeing conditions were moderate (about 1.5 
arcsec) and airmass about 1.6. Magnitudes were derived by PSF fitting 
photometry. One standard star field was also observed under clear (but not 
photometric) conditions; therefore a small zeropoint offset is still 
possible. The magnitudes for the VS are the following:

Filter  UT     Magnitude
-----------------------------
 B      1.941  21.87 +- 0.06
 V      1.932  21.14 +- 0.04
 R      1.916  20.60 +- 0.09
 I      1.919  20.29 +- 0.07

For comparison, we also report the magnitudes of some nearby USNO stars; 
U0675_37142330 is named "star 1" in Soderberg et al. finding chart.

U0675_37143953 U0675_37141960 U0675_37142330
----------------------------------------------
B 18.54 +- 0.02  19.51 +- 0.02  17.14 +- 0.01
V 17.77 +- 0.01  19.02 +- 0.01  16.40 +- 0.01
R 17.21 +- 0.04  18.63 +- 0.04  15.92 +- 0.03
I 16.81 +- 0.03  18.36 +- 0.03  15.58 +- 0.03

Based on the photometry performed at the TNG, we re-analyzed data obtained on 
Sep., 29.9 UT with the Asiago telescope (GCN 1561). Seeing conditions were 
mediocre (about 2 arcsec) and airmass about 2. Magnitudes were again derived 
by PSF fitting photometry. We report the following results for the VS:

Filter  UT      Magnitude
-----------------------------
 V      29.923  20.94 +- 0.12
 R      29.931  20.42 +- 0.10
 I      29.937  19.98 +- 0.13

The source has simultaneously faded by about 0.2 mag in all V, R and I bands 
between Sep 29.9 and Oct 1.9. Comparing with the R-band measurement by 
Soderberg et al. on Sep 28.3, the source appears fainter by more than 1 
magnitude.

A color-color diagram, together with a BVRI spectrum and a light curve are 
shown at the web page: http://www.merate.mi.astro.it/~malesani/XRF020903 .

The values reported here supersede those in our GCN 1561, that were based on a 
misidentification of the reference star. We apologize for any inconvenience 
this may have caused.

Detailed analsys of these data is still in progress, and more observations 
will be performed in the next few days.

This message may be cited.
pro polint, xa, ya, x, y, dy
;+
; NAME:
;     POLINT
; PURPOSE:
;     Interpolate a set of N points by fitting a polynomial of degree N-1
; EXPLANATION:
;     Adapted from algorithm in Numerical Recipes, Press et al. (1992), 
;     Section 3.1.
;
; CALLING SEQUENCE
;     POLINT, xa, ya, x, y, [ dy ]
; INPUTS:
;     XA - X Numeric vector, all values must be distinct.   The number of
;          values in XA should rarely exceed 10 (i.e. a 9th order polynomial)
;     YA - Y Numeric vector, same number of elements
;     X - Numeric scalar specifying value to be interpolated 
;
; OUTPUT:
;     Y - Scalar, interpolated value in (XA,YA) corresponding to X
;
; OPTIONAL OUTPUT
;     DY - Error estimate on Y, scalar
;
; EXAMPLE:
;     Find sin(2.5) by polynomial interpolation on sin(indgen(10))
;
;               IDL> xa = indgen(10)
;               IDL> ya = sin( xa )
;               IDL> polint, xa, ya, 2.5, y ,dy
;             
;     The above method gives  y = .5988 & dy = 3.1e-4  a close
;     approximation to the actual sin(2.5) = .5985
;
; METHOD:
;     Uses Neville's algorithm to iteratively build up the correct
;     polynomial, with each iteration containing one higher order.
;
; REVISION HISTORY:
;     Written W. Landsman                 January, 1992
;     Converted to IDL V5.0   W. Landsman   September 1997
;-
 On_error,2

 if N_params() LT 4 then begin
     print,'Syntax - polint, xa, ya, x, y, [ dy ]'
     print,'     xa,ya - Input vectors to be interpolated'
     print,'     x - Scalar specifying point at which to interpolate'
     print,'     y - Output interpolated scalar value'
     print,'     dy - Optional error estimate on y'
     return
 endif

 N = N_elements( xa ) 
 if N_elements( ya ) NE N then message, $
      'ERROR - Input X and Y vectors must have same number of elements'

; Find the index of XA which is closest to X

 dif = min( abs(x-xa), ns )

 c = ya   &   d = ya
 y = ya[ns]
 ns = ns - 1

 for m = 1,n-1 do begin

    ho = xa[0:n-m-1] - x
    hp = xa[m:n-1] - x
    w = c[1:n-m] - d[0:n-m-1]
    den = ho - hp
    if min( abs(den) ) EQ 0 then message, $
           'ERROR - All input X vector values must be distinct'
    den = w / den
    d = hp * den
    c = ho * den
    if ( 2*ns LT n-m-1 ) then dy = c[ns+1] else begin
                  dy = d[ns]
                  ns = ns - 1
    endelse
    y = y + dy
 endfor

 return
 end
HAZMAT Table 9c ,,,,,,,,
"Hazardous Material Shipment Characteristics by Rail for Selected UN Numbers: 2002
",,,,,,,,
"[Estimates are based on data from the 2002 Commodity Flow Survey. Because of rounding, estimates may not be additive]
",,,,,,,,
UN number (1),Description,Value,,Tons,,Tonmiles,,"Average miles 
per shipment"
,,"2002 
(million $)",Percent,"2002 
(thousands)",Percent,"2002 
(millions)",Percent,
,Total,"31,339",100.0,"109,369",100.0,"72,087",100.0,695
1010,"Butadienes, stabilized",S,S,S,S,S,S,715
1017,Chlorine,371,1.2,"3,626",3.3,"1,951",2.7,556
1055,"Isobutylene see also Petroleum gases, liquefied",S,S,S,S,S,S,243
1075,Petroleum gases,"3,574",11.4,"12,291",11.2,"6,091",8.4,671
1086,"Vinyl chloride, stabilized",576,1.8,"1,554",1.4,"1,020",1.4,651
1203,Gasoline,759,2.4,"5,083",4.6,"2,389",3.3,349
1230,Methanol,S,S,S,S,S,S,"1,089"
1268,"Petroleum distillates, n.o.s. ",589,1.9,"1,662",1.5,"1,287",1.8,726
1805,"Phosphoric acid, liquid",534,1.7,"1,588",1.5,"1,748",2.4,"1,152"
1824,Sodium hydroxide solution,"1,028",3.3,"8,158",7.5,"4,839",6.7,554
1830,Sulfuric acid,138,0.4,S,S,S,S,377
1863,"Fuel, aviation, turbine engine",893,2.8,"4,397",4.0,"1,816",2.5,413
1910,Calcium oxide,S,S,S,S,S,S,904
1964,"Hydrocarbon gas mixture, compressed, n.o.s.",701,2.2,"2,434",2.2,"2,393",3.3,977
1987,"Alcohols, n.o.s.","1,138",3.6,"3,085",2.8,"2,711",3.8,866
1993,"Flammable liquids, n.o.s.","1,613",5.1,"6,472",5.9,"4,471",6.2,759
1999,"Tars, liquid",246,0.8,"1,618",1.5,S,S,523
2448,"Sulfur, molten",S,S,"2,452",2.2,"1,859",2.6,876
3082,"Environmentally hazardous substances, liquid, n.o.s.","1,447",4.6,"2,049",1.9,"1,704",2.4,901
3257,"Elevated temperature liquid, n.o.s.","1,168",3.7,"9,068",8.3,"6,998",9.7,885
,All other,"14,169",45.2,"31,339",28.7,"22,437",31.1,725
"
KEY: 
 Represents and estimate equal to zero or less than 1 unit of measure.
S Estimate does not meet publication standards because of highly sampling variability or poor response quality.",,,,,,,,
"
(1) UN numbers were selected based on estimated tons without regard to sampling variability.",,,,,,,,
"SOURCE: Bureau of Transportation Statistics (USDOT) and U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Commodity Flow Survey, Hazmat Data, December 2004.",,,,,,,,
AJ_PY043                                                                                            
Atlanta, GA          Tue. Feb 10, 2009          USDA Market News                                    
                                                                                                    
PROCESSED EGGS: Weekly Eastern Region Breaking Stock (Tue/Fri)                                      
                                                                                                    

Prices were lower on breaking stock and checks and undergrades when                                 
compared to last Friday's prices.   Trade sentiment was barely steady to                            
weak.  Offerings were light.  Floor stocks were fully adequate to ample for                         
normal to less than normal breaking schedules.  Demand was fair at best.                            
The Eastern region shell egg breaking stock inventory was down 3%, and the                          
National shell egg breaking stock inventory was unchanged when compared to                          
last week.                                                                                          
                                                                                                    

Prices in cents per dozen, delivered to breakers, 48 lb. minimum net weight                         
per 30 dozen case, eggs from table egg layers. Packaging may vary.                                  
                                                                                                    
                     RANGE           MOSTLY                                                         
BREAKING STOCK       43-49           43-46                                                          
CHECKS & UNDERGRADES 32-38           34-38                                                          

                                                                                                    
EASTERN REGION AREA: AL,CT,DE,FL,GA,KY,ME,MD,MA,MS,NH,NJ,NY,NC,                                     
                     PA,RI,SC,TN,VT,VA,WV                                                           
                                                                                                    

Source:   USDA AMS Poultry Programs, Market News & Analysis Branch                                  
          Atlanta, GA    404.562.5850                                                               
          http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/AJ_PY043.txt                                            
                                                                                                    
Prepared: 10-Feb-09 12:00 PM E AAT
TITLE: Overlapping messages and survivability
SPEAKER: Alex Bolshoy
ABSTRACT
The phenomenon of overlapping of various sequence messages in genomes is a
puzzle for evolutionary theoreticians, geneticists and sequence researchers.
The overlapping is possible due to degeneracy of the messages, in
particular, degeneracy of codons. It is often observed in organisms with a
limited size of genome, possessing polymerases of low fidelity. The most
accepted view considers the overlapping of messages as a mechanism to
increase the amount of information per unit length. Here we present a model
that suggests direct evolutionary advantage of the message overlapping. Two
opposing drives are considered: a) reduction in the amount of vulnerable
points when the overlapping of two messages involves common critical points;
and b) cumulative compromising cost for enabling cohabitation of messages at
the same site. In a broad range of conditions the reduction of the target
size prevails, thus making the overlapping of messages advantageous.
28                     NOTES   SfAlISriQUUS.
obtenus par les deux oprations indiques plus haut, avec
le rapport obtenu par la, comparaison des condamns en
rcidive avec la totalit des dtenus librs.
Dans un cas vous comparez les individus en rcidive
avec les condamns  une premire peine arrivant eu pri-
son, ou les dtenus de la mme prison ; dans l'autre, vous
comparez ces mmes indi\ idus avec ceux qui ont t dans
la prison et n'y sont plus. Le terme de comparaison est
absolument diffrent.
Ne pou*, ant concilier ces trois bases, nous avons pris le
parti de ne comparer entre eux que les Etats o on s'tait
servi des mmes pour oprer.
Premire mthode de comparer.
Ainsi  Walnut-Street (Pennsylvanie), il est entr pen-
dant dix ans (1810-181 9) 1 condamn en rcidive sur 5,g8
condamns.
Au pnitencier du Maryland, pendant 12 ans 1820-
i832), il est entr 1 condamn sur 6,g6 condamns.
A Newgate (New-York), pendant 16 ans (1803-1820 ,
1 sur 9,45.
A Auburn (id.), pendant ans(i8i4-I82i , 1 sur ig,io.
Seconde mthode de comparer.
A Walnut-Street (Pennsylvanie), en i83o, il y avait
1 dtenu en rcidive sur 2,07 dtenus.
ANewgate, ancienne prison du Connecticut,il se trou
vait en 1825 1 dtenu en rcidive sur 4,5o dtenus.
Dans Auburn (i824-i83i) , 1 sur 12.
262
HISTORY  OF  ST. DOMINGO.
enterprizing regarded the troubles in St. Domingo, as an inviting
opportunity of distinguishing themselves.   In fact, every descrip-
tion of people became interested in the recovery of the colony,
forgetting what had passed in regard to the abolition of slavery
in the same metropolis ; it became a popular cause, was introduced
into the assemblies, and the ladies became partizans, headed by
the favorite sister of the First Consul, the lady of General Le
Clerc.    The mania spread into England with the beauties of
the Consular court, and that nation, where the ministry and
people had blindly desired the abolition, at the expence of a
portion of their empire of commerce, and the ruin of a large
body of colonists, still more blindly joined in the popular wish
of returning to slavery, those who were  completely emanci-
pated.
Bonaparte viewed the growing spirit with silence, and, it may
be, not without some regard to the character the victorious Black
had obtained in the mother country.    A variety of circumstances
contributed to convince him of the necessity of some attention
(in the first instance) to the powerful requests which poured in
from every quarter; the instance, also, of a power bidding him
defiance in a country which had not, by any regular process,
become separated from that  government over which  he was
called to preside, was repugnant to his feelings in the rank in
which he was elevated.    Madame Le Clerc, partaking in the
ambition ascribed to her brother, urged the measure of reducing
the island, to procure for her husband and herself something
2                                                                         more
From:      <rweller@h-e.com>
To:        A16.A16(kidstv)
Date:      9/7/95 10:31pm
Subject:   "Kids Television"


You are a scary fellow, Mr. Hundt.  In your prepared remarks for
"Women in
Government Relations," you propose increasing Governmental
content regulation, in the name of protecting our Nation's youth.


I agree that much of the programming found on television is
abysmal -- geared to titilate, shock, and "out do" the
competition in stretching the bounds of decency.  There is
certainly a market for this type of programming, and it is the
duty of parents -- not the government -- to control access to it. 
One way of accomplishing this is by offering parents choices,
such as are promised by the so-called "V-Chip."  It is NOT the
role of government to raise our children or dictate our mores.

I find it ironic that you advocate additional regulation at a
time when you are busily closing field offices, lessening the
effectiveness of the Commission's enforcement program, and
practically eliminating the last bastion of direct public
contact.  Your position appears to be that the Commission's Rules
should be enforced in courts of law.  Apart from the fact that
our courts are already clogged, the average person would find it
difficult or impossible to seek legal remedies in matters that
should be clear.  Mr. Hundt, how can you profess to hear the
voice of the American people clearly, when you are severing those
lines of communication?

In summary, to move further into content regulation, while
eliminating other types of regulation and FCC enforcement of its
own regulations, makes no sense.

Very truly yours,

Bob Weller


CC:        FCCMAIL.SMTP("rweller@h-e.com")
Sept. 7, 2008

David Mould
Headquarters, Washington
202-358-1600
david.r.mould@nasa.gov

RELEASE: 08-220

STATEMENT OF NASA ADMINISTRATOR MICHAEL GRIFFIN ON AUG. 18 EMAIL

WASHINGTON -- The following is the complete statement of NASA 
Administrator Michael Griffin regarding the Aug. 18 email published 
by the Orlando Sentinel: 

The leaked internal email fails to provide the contextual framework 
for my remarks, and my support for the administration's policies. 
Administration policy is to retire the shuttle in 2010 and purchase 
crew transport from Russia until Ares and Orion are available. The 
administration continues to support our request for an INKSNA 
exemption. Administration policy continues to be that we will take no 
action to preclude continued operation of the International Space 
Station past 2016. I strongly support these administration policies, 
as do OSTP and OMB.

	
-end-
Date:    03/22/2000  12:57 PM

Subject: Regulation FD

I applaud the SEC's proposal to require full PUBLIC disclosure of all 
company information rather than selective disclosure to privileged ears 
only.  This will help level the playing field for average 
consumers/investors, who are increasingly making their own investment 
decisions, thanks to the internet.  Present norms of disclosure are 
self-serving and have the potential to mislead, slant and unduly 
influence investors.  The longer longer we continue with selective 
disclosure, the harder it will be to dislodge it.  Public disclosure 
will serve as a means of  "checks and balances" in a system that would 
otherwise be kept under the vale of secrecy.  The potential for misuse 
should be evident to any "thinking" person.
     
I do have some concerns however.  Of primary concern is that the 
proposed changes might be watered down through the influence of those 
privileged few whose would stand to lose from any such changes.  I am 
also concerned about the strength of the rules so as not to allow for 
different interpretations and loopholes.  Lastly, the consequences for 
violation of these rules should be strong enough to deter those who 
would seek to circumvent the intent.
     
Please count me among the many individual investors who view this rule 
change as long overdue and greatly needed.
     
Sincerely,
     
Mark E. Phelps
Liverpool, N.Y.  13088
Fournier, F., Karasov, W. H., Meyer, M. W., and Kenow, K. P., 2002, Daily energy
expenditures of free-ranging common loon (Gavia immer) chicks: Auk, v. 119, no. 4,
p. 1121-1126. 

Abstract

We measured the daily energy expenditure of free-living Common Loon (Gavia
immer) chicks using doubly labeled water (DLW). Average body mass of chicks
during the DLW measures were 425, 1,052, and 1,963 g for 10 day-old (n = 5), 21
day-old (n = 6), and 35 day-old (n = 6) chicks, respectively, and their mean daily
energy expenditures (DEE) were 686 kJ day(-1), 768 kJ day(-1), and 1,935 kJ day(-1),
respectively. Variation in DEE was not due solely to variation in body mass, but age
was also a significant factor independent of body mass. Energy deposited in new
tissue was calculated from age-dependent tissue energy contents and measured gains
in body mass, which were 51, 54, and 33 g day(-1) from the youngest to oldest chicks.
Metabolizable energy (the sum of DEE and tissue energy) was used to estimate
feeding rates of loon chicks and their exposure to mercury in the fish they consume.
We calculated that loon chicks in Wisconsin consumed between 162 and 383 g wet
mass of fish per day (depending on age), corresponding to intakes of mercury of
16-192 mug day(-1).

Keywords

Contaminants, birds
DESIGN OF AUGMENTED REALITY TOOLS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWERS

Ronald J. Reisman and David M. Brown

A series of head-tracking, see-through, head-mounted display prototypes 
were developed and evaluated by five controllers at Moffett Field air  traffic control tower. The controller cadre identified several 
deficiencies in the initial prototype, such as low optical 
transmissivity of the display, unacceptable compensation for
tower lighting conditions, inadequate symbology and data block 
information display, and unacceptable discomfort caused by wearing 
the head-worn displays. Though the cadre found the initial prototype 
too immature for operational use, they were unanimously supportive 
of the potential for augmented reality technology to eventually 
address operational tower issues. These issues include surface 
control, coordination with facilities and vehicles, information 
acquisition and runway incursion.
"NM Table 1. Shipments by Transport Mode"
"Mode of Transportation","Value($ mil) 97","Value % 97","Value($ mil) 93","Value % 93","Value % chg","Tons(000) 97","Tons % 97","Tons(000) 93","Tons % 93","Tons % chg","Ton-miles(mil) 97","Ton-miles % 97","Ton-miles(mil) 93","Ton-miles % 93","Ton-miles % chg","Avg. miles 97","Avg. miles 93","Avg. miles % chg"
"      All modes                     ",16404,100.0,11794,100.0,39.1,61653,100.0,61410,100.0,.4,15646,100.0,13197,100.0,18.6,896,263,240.4
"    Single modes                    ",13039,79.5,9642,81.8,35.2,60967,98.9,41813,68.1,45.8,15145,96.8,12387,93.9,22.3,116,103,12.8
"Truck                               ",10440,63.6,7721,65.5,35.2,22563,36.6,25735,41.9,-12.3,4414,28.2,3694,28.0,19.5,81,79,2.7
"  For-hire truck                    ",4569,27.9,3033,25.7,50.6,9147,14.8,8877,14.5,3.0,3063,19.6,2245,17.0,36.4,350,358,-2.4
"  Private truck                     ",5841,35.6,4650,39.4,25.6,13401,21.7,16715,27.2,-19.8,1348,8.6,1354,10.3,-.5,45,52,-13.0
"Rail                                ",1646,10.0,1060,9.0,55.3,37517,60.9,13255,21.6,183.0,10536,67.3,8119,61.5,29.8,811,1059,-23.4
"Water                               ",-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
"  Shallow draft                     ",-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
"  Great Lakes                       ",-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
"  Deep draft                        ",-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
"Air (includes truck and air)        ",703,4.3,341,2.9,106.0,10,-,8,-,31.4,13,-,10,-,38.9,1370,1487,-7.9
"Pipeline                            ",S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S
"    Multiple modes                  ",2753,16.8,1568,13.3,75.6,46,-,S,S,S,45,.3,604,4.6,-92.6,1336,725,84.1
"Parcel, US Postal Service or courier",2753,16.8,1467,12.4,87.6,46,-,28,-,67.3,45,.3,17,.1,168.5,1336,726,84.1
"Truck and rail                      ",S,S,101,.9,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,S,1309,S,S
"Truck and water                     ",-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
"Rail and water                      ",-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
"Other multiple modes                ",-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-,-
"    Other and unknown modes         ",612,3.7,585,5.0,4.6,640,1.0,15831,25.8,-96.0,S,S,S,S,S,65,S,S
Sample 30-Day Notice to Vacate
(Print on communitys official letterhead)
October 13, 1998 
Mr. Edward Hawkins
13507 Hucksburg Lane
Shilling, AS  40377
Dear Mr. Hawkins:
This letter is to remind you that the City of Adversity has acquired your home at 1387 Hurricane Way, Adversity, AS  40241 and you now have 30 days to vacate the property.  Please remove all of your possessions and vacate by November 15, 1998.
If you have any questions or need additional assistance to complete your move, please call me at (111) 711-0671.  I will be happy to assist you in any way I can.
Sincerely,
Pat Keach
Community Development Specialist
OR
Dear Mr. Hawkins:
This letter is to remind you that the City of Adversity has acquired your home at 1387 Hurricane Way, Adversity, AS  40241 and you now have 30 days to vacate the property.  Please remove all of your possessions and vacate by November 15, 1998.
Your relocation assistance funds should be available by October 26, 1998.  I will call you as soon as the check is ready and set a time to meet with you to disburse funds, help you with utility deposits, finalize the purchases of necessary furniture, and make moving arrangements.
If you have any questions, or need additional assistance to complete your move, please call me at (111) 711-0671.  I will be happy to assist you in any way I can.
Sincerely,
Pat Keach
Community Development Specialist
This page intentionally left blank.
Tool III-5, Sample 30-Day Notice to Vacate

Page 1 of 1
function calpha,t1,t2,p1,p2

t1=double(t1)
t2=double(t2)
p1=double(p1)
p2=double(p2)

;R1 = (cos(p1)*sin(t1), sin(p1)*sin(t1), cos(t1))
;R2 = (cos(p2)*sin(t2), sin(p2)*sin(t2), cos(t2))
R12= sqrt(2*(1-sin(t1)*sin(t2)*cos(p1-p2) - cos(t1)*cos(t2)) )

cos_alpha = (sin(t1)+sin(t2))*sin((p2-p1)/2) / R12       

return,cos_alpha

end

n=100

t1=randomn(seed,n)*10
t2=randomn(seed,n)*10
p1=randomn(seed,n)*10
p2=randomn(seed,n)*10

ca=calpha(t1,t2,p1,p2)
print,'FIRST TEST'
print,'cos(alpha)=',ca
print,'alpha=',acos(ca)/!dtor

print,'----------------------------------------------------------------------'
pmm,ca

pause

print,'SECOND TEST'
;; second test--centroid 1 at (1,0,0), centroid 2 at random points
;         selected to have 0.8 <x < 0.9

n=1000

p1 = 0
t1 = !pi/2

p2=randomn(seed,n)
t2=randomn(seed,n)*6
x=cos(p2)*sin(t2)
w=where(x lt 0.9 and x gt 0.8)


p2=p2(w)
t2=t2(w)


ca=calpha(t1,t2,p1,p2)
a=acos(ca)
ww=sort(a)
a=a(ww)

print,'alpha (degrees)=',a/!dtor
pmm,a

end
From: Doc2055@aol.com
Sent: Saturday, September 02, 2006 9:13 AM
To: Dockets, FDA
Subject: Mercury toxicity

In Reference to Docket No. 2006N-0352

From: Doc2055@aol.com [mailto:Doc2055@aol.com] 
Sent: Tuesday, August 22, 2006 5:12 PM
To: Adjodha, Michael E
Subject: Merury neurotoxicity

Dear Sir,

I am a Family Physician who has become aware of mercury toxicity in the past couple of years.  According to the ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) toxicological profile for Mercury, I have a patient who is the perfect description of chronic micromercurialism.  

She was a dental hygienist for 26 years and also had her own fillings.  She is a textbook example of mercury neurotoxicity in that she has a diffuse sensory neuropathy from head to foot and has CNS issues as well, such as cognitive dysfunction and memory disturbance.  She had a level of urine mercury that was 55 where the toxic threshold is only 4.  She has been treated down to a level of 9.8 and is finally beginning to have some improvement, although I fear most of what she endures will be permanent.

I have several other suspicious cases now that I am looking for mercury as a potential disease-causing neurotoxin.  In this part of my state, Pennsylvania, I am finding that amalgam fillings are probably much more responsible for the neurological symptoms I am finding, rather than high fish consumption.

In my opinion chronic micromercurialism is probably responsible for at least several neurological syndromes, including Alzheimer's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.  Another potential mercury-related syndrome could easily be Chronic Regional Pain Syndrome.  I have patients with these neurological problems and high mercury.  It will be scientifically persuasive if I can chelate these people and their syndromes diminish as the mercury levels are lessened.

We shall see.  I do thank you for your interest in this medically important issue.  I will be available for further comment or to answer any questions or surveys that may be generated by your interest in the topic.

Sincerely, 

Robert H. Schmidt, D.O.
Woodlands Healing Research Center
5724 Clymer Rd
Quakertown, PA  18951
ph:  215.536.1890
fx:  215.529.9034
CONTROLLING RANGE EXPANSION OF THE ROUND GOBY
(NEOGOBIUS MELANOSTOMUS) AND RUFFE (GYMNOCEPHALUS
CERNUUS) WITH PISCICIDES 

Mark L. Hanson, Verdel K. Dawson, Michael A. Boogaard, and Terry D. Bills
U. S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Upper Mississippi
Science Center, La Crosse, WI  54603.

The Great Lakes are becoming invaded by an ever increasing number of exotic
aquatic species, presumably as a result of ballast water releases from seagoing
freighters.   As these unwelcome organisms become more abundant and widely
distributed in the Great Lakes region, it is increasingly likely that some will
expand their range to suitable portions of other interior drainage basins.  Ruffe
(Gymnocephalus cernuus) are spreading eastward along the south shore of Lake
Superior and have been collected at Thunder Bay, Ontario and Alpena, Michigan. 
The Illinois Waterway System near Chicago provides a direct connection for the
continuous transfer of water from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi River and is
presumed responsible for the transmission of zebra mussels (Dreissena
polymorpha) to the Mississippi River drainage basin. The round goby (Neogobius
melanostomus) is an example of a recently introduced aquatic nuisance species
that is poised to follow the path of the zebra mussel from the Great Lakes to the
interior of North America.   Recent surveys suggest round goby are entering the
Illinois Waterway System from Lake Michigan via the Calumet River drainage. 
Concern for adverse impacts that could result from the introduction of additional
non-indigenous species to the Mississippi River and other interior drainages has
led to monitoring the spread of the organisms in this system and the suggested use
of chemical toxicants if the invasion continues.  However, little information is
available on the relative sensitivity of ruffe and round goby to piscicides.  Toxicity
tests of antimycin and rotenone (registered piscicides) and the lampricides
3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and Bayluscide were conducted with ruffe
collected from Duluth Harbor and round goby collected from the Illinois
Waterway in comparison with other fish species native to the Great Lakes. 
LC50's (lethal concentrations where mortality is expected among 50% of the
organisms), LC25's, LC99's, and 95% confidence intervals were determined.  The
tests evaluated the potential for selective removal of ruffe and round goby by
comparing their sensitivities to the piscicides with native fish species.  Newly
developed delayed-release formulations of Bayluscide and Antimycin were also
evaluated for controlling the normally bottom-dwelling organisms without
treating the entire water column.  These formulations would be useful for thinning
concentrated populations of the invaders to help reduce the tendency for range
expansion while causing minimal impact on native fish.

Keywords:  round goby, ruffe, non-indigenous, piscicides, control


Mark L. Hanson
Upper Mississippi Science Center
P.O. Box 818
La Crosse, WI 54602
Phone:  608-783-6451
FAX:  608-783-6066
MARK_HANSON@USGS.GOV
WGUS43 KGID 221346
FLWGID

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE HASTINGS NE
846 AM CDT WED OCT 22 2008

KSC183-231345-
/O.NEW.KGID.FA.W.0051.081022T1346Z-081023T1345Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
846 AM CDT WED OCT 22 2008

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN HASTINGS HAS ISSUED A

* FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  SMITH COUNTY IN NORTH CENTRAL KANSAS

* UNTIL 845 AM CDT THURSDAY

* AT 839 AM CDT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED  
HEAVY RAINFALL OVER SMITH COUNTY. RADAR ESTIMATES AND COOP OBSERVERS 
HAVE CONFIRMED 2 TO 4 INCHES OF RAIN HAVE FALLEN AND ADDITIONAL 
AMOUNTS OF UP TO ONE INCH ARE EXPECTED. RUNOFF FROM THE HEAVY 
RAINFALL WILL CAUSE AREAS OF FLOODING THROUGHOUT SMITH COUNTY.

THE NORTH FORK OF THE SOLOMON RIVER IS EXPECTED TO FLOOD. IN 
ADDITION...FLOODING IS EXPECTED ALONG THE 
CEDAR...BEAVER...SPRING...CORA...AND OAK CREEKS

A FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT OR HAS BEEN REPORTED.

DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE
ROADWAY. MOST FLOODING DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. TURN AROUND DON'T
DROWN!

LAT...LON 3956 9906 3999 9906 3999 9850 3956 9851

$$
WESELY
QUESTION:   
How deep is the water just off the coast of
Antarctica?  How deep do you go to study the sealife? 
                 
                 Derek S., 3rd grader in Mr. Thom Lewis' class
                 Charlottesville, Virginia


ANSWER from Robin Ross aboard the Polar Duke
Date: Sat, 1 Feb 1997 11:01:29 +0000 (GMT)

Dear Derek,

When we look at how deep the bottom is off Antarctica there is a shallow 
region (0 to 200 meters - remember a meter is about 3 feet so that would 
be around 600 feet) quite close to shore, within about 2 miles.  Then we 
have a gently sloping region called the shelf than is pretty wide in the 
Palmer LTER region, nearly 200 kilometers, that drops off to very deep 
ocean waters.

The shelf off the west coast of Antarctica is actually quite deep, 350 
to 500 meters (around 1050 to 1500 feet) over much of its breadth.  The 
inner shelf also has depressions caused when glaciers covered the area 
and the weight of the ice depressed the bottom.  So in two place within 
the Palmer LTER region we have deep water (>500m)  right next to land - one 
area very near Palmer Station and one down where we are now off Adelaide 
Island.  

Some researchers go right to the bottom to study the sea life, trawling 
for the fishes or taking pictures of the starfish, but the Palmer LTER 
focuses on the upper layer of the ocean where there is enough light for 
the microscopic plants to grow.  This upper layer is also where Antarctic 
krill, that eat the plants, lives.  Most of the abundant predators like 
the Adelie penguins and crabeater seals are feeding on Antarctic krill so 
they too are in the upper layers.  So most of our experiments are done 
with plants and animals from the top 150 meters (about 450 feet) with 
some sampling down to 500 m (about 1500 feet).

Scientist in general use metric units to describe distances and weights 
so that is what I have given you, with the approximate feet in 
parentheses.  For kilometers, however, you need to know that a kilometer 
is less than a mile, i.e. there is only 6/10 of a mile in a kilometer.

with regards, 
from on board the RV Polar Duke

Robin

Robin Ross
Marine Science Institute
University of California at Santa Barbara
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION


 Litigation Release No. 15939 / October 19, 1998
 
 CALIFORNIA v. MATTHEW PETER BOWIN, Santa Cruz County Superior
 Court, No. S8-08719.

     On October 2, 1998, Matthew Peter Bowin ("Bowin") was
 convicted of 54 felony counts, including fraudulently obtaining
 money in connection with the sale of securities.  Bowin was
 convicted after a three-week criminal jury trial in Santa Cruz
 County, California, prosecuted by the District Attorney for Santa
 Cruz County.  Bowin, the chairman, president, and chief executive
 officer of Interactive Products and Services ("IPS"), was charged
 with conducting a fraudulent initial public offering over the
 Internet between November 1996 and July 1997.  Sentencing is
 currently scheduled for October 30, 1998 before the Honorable
 Thomas Kelly.

     The Securities and Exchange Commission ("Commission")
 previously filed a civil complaint against Bowin and IPS on April
 8, 1998, charging violations of the antifraud provisions of the
 federal securities laws.  The Commission's action is currently
 pending in the United States District Court for the Northern
 District of California, Case No. C-98-20313 (PVT).

     The IPS stock offering was one of the first public offerings
 conducted entirely over the Internet.  Bowin raised approximately
 $190,000 from about 150 investors nationwide.  The Commission's
 complaint alleges that Bowin made numerous misrepresentations to
 investors and misappropriated investors' funds for personal use.

     Investors are advised to read the SEC's "Cyberspace" Alert
 before purchasing any investment promoted on the Internet.  The
 free publication, which alerts investors to the telltale signs of
 online investment fraud, is available on the Investor Assistance
 and Complaints link of the SEC's Home Page on the World Wide Web
 <www.sec.gov>.  It can also be obtained by calling 800-SEC-0330.

     For additional information see Litigation Release No. 15700
     (April 8, 1998).
Expires:200805100145;Remove:200805100145;489505
WFUS51 KRLX 100108
TORRLX

WVC045-047-059-109-100145-
/O.NEW.KRLX.TO.W.0001.080510T0107Z-080510T0145Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHARLESTON WV
907 PM EDT FRI MAY 9 2008
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN CHARLESTON HAS ISSUED A
* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  SOUTH CENTRAL LOGAN COUNTY IN WEST VIRGINIA...
  NORTHWESTERN MCDOWELL COUNTY IN WEST VIRGINIA...
  SOUTHEASTERN MINGO COUNTY IN WEST VIRGINIA...
  WEST CENTRAL WYOMING COUNTY IN WEST VIRGINIA...
* UNTIL 945 PM EDT
* AT 900 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO NEAR RED
  JACKET...OR ABOUT 26 MILES NORTH OF GRUNDY...MOVING EAST AT 24 MPH.
* THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
  GILBERT CREEK BY 930 PM EDT...
  HANOVER AND R.D. BAILEY LAKE BY 940 PM EDT...
THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE DURING A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A
WORKBENCH OR OTHER PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS
AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING IN AN
INTERIOR HALLWAY OR ROOM SUCH AS A CLOSET. USE BLANKETS OR PILLOWS TO
COVER YOUR BODY AND ALWAYS STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
IF IN MOBILE HOMES OR VEHICLES...EVACUATE THEM AND GET INSIDE A
SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER. IF NO SHELTER IS AVAILABLE...LIE FLAT IN THE
NEAREST DITCH OR OTHER LOW SPOT AND COVER YOUR HEAD WITH YOUR HANDS.
PLEASE REPORT HAIL OR STRONG WINDS TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BY
CALLING TOLL FREE...877-633-6772...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.
LAT...LON 3749 8194 3753 8195 3753 8203 3756 8214
      3758 8214 3760 8217 3763 8218 3775 8212
      3761 8162 3751 8163 3742 8174
TIME...MOT...LOC 0107Z 290DEG 21KT 3764 8205
$$
08
FXUS63 KDLH 142026
AFDDLH

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DULUTH MN
225 PM CST SUN DEC 14 2003

.DISCUSSION...CURRENTLY ANTI-CYCLONIC FLOW OVER MUCH OF THE FORECAST 
AREA.  SOME DRYING OF THE LOW CLOUDS OUT WEST DUE TO DESCENDING 
AIR...OTHERWISE THE AREA IS COVERED WITH LOW CLOUDS.  SOME PATCHY 
FREEZING DRIZZLE EARLIER TODAY...ALTHOUGH MUCH OF THE PRECIP HAS 
SWITCHED TO FLURRIES.  THE NORTHERN STREAM SFC LOW IS CURRENTLY 
LOCATED ALONG THE MONTANA...SASKATCHEWAN BORDER.

FOR TONIGHT...EXPECT LOW CLOUDS TO LINGER.  MID-LEVEL MOISTURE WILL 
ADVECT IN THIS EVENING... WHICH SHOULD SEED THE LOW CLOUDS...SO ONLY 
FLURRIES AT MOST EXPECTED.  A SFC LOW ALONG THE SOUTHERN STREAM 
BEGINS TO SPIN UP FROM A JET STREAK ROUNDING THE BASE OF THE WESTERN 
LONG WAVE TROUGH. BY MORNING...THE SOUTHERN LOW (OVER 
NEBRASKA/KANSAS BY THIS TIME) BECOMES DOMINATE.

PRECIPITATION WILL ENTER THE WESTERN ZONES BY LATE AFTERNOON.  NO 
MIXED PRECIPITATION IS EXPECTED...WITH THE PROFILE BELOW FREEZING BY 
THIS TIME.  ETA IS DRYER WITH ONLY A TRACE OF PRECIPITATION DURING 
THE AFTERNOON...GFS BRINGS IN THE MEASURABLE PRECIPITATION.  LEANING 
TOWARD THE GFS FOR THIS SYSTEM IN GENERAL DUE TO BETTER RUN TO RUN 
CONSISTENCY.  ETA HAS BEEN TRACKING TOWARD THE GFS WITH TIME.

MOST SNOW EXPECTED DURING THE NIGHT MONDAY NIGHT.  EVEN THE DRYER 
ETA BRINGS IN 3 TO 5 INCHES FOR MOST AREAS.  ETA TIME SECTIONS HAVE 
MAX OMEGA IN THE ZONE OF GOOD SNOW GROWTH.  BOTH MODELS HAVE 
HEALTHY ISENTROPIC LIFT/OVERRUNNING WITH THIS SYSTEM.  GFS HINTS AT 
AROUND 6 INCHES OVER THE WESTERN ZONES.  STRONG WINDS WITH THIS 
EVENT WILL MAKE TRAVEL TREACHEROUS...ESPECIALLY THE TUESDAY MORNING 
COMMUTE.

QUICK MOVING SYSTEM...SNOW WILL END DURING THE MORNING TUESDAY 
EXPECT EARLY AFTERNOON FAR EASTERN ZONES.  WINDS WILL SHIFT TO THE 
NORTHWEST.  THIS COUPLED WITH MARGINAL INSTABILITY RELATIVE TO THE 
LAKE...WILL RESULT IN SOME LAKE ENHANCEMENT ALONG PORTIONS OF THE 
SOUTH SHORE.

&&

.DLH...WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...

MN...NONE.
WI...NONE.

$$

KFM
Don Nolan-Proxmire
Headquarters, Washington, DC            October 25, 1995
(Phone:  202/358-1983)

Mike Mewhinney
Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA
(Phone:  415/604-3937)

NOTE TO EDITORS:  N95-67

NASA, NTSB SPONSOR SYMPOSIUM ON FATIGUE

     State-of-the-art countermeasures to reduce fatigue-
related transportation incidents and accidents will be 
discussed during a two-day national symposium beginning at 
8:30 a.m. EST, November 1, at the Sheraton Premiere Hotel, 
Tysons Corner, VA.  

     Sponsored by NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain 
View, CA, and the National Transportation Safety Board 
(NTSB), the symposium entitled "Managing Fatigue in 
Transportation," will address for the first time fatigue 
relating to drivers, airline crews, train crews, marine 
pilots, watchstanders, transportation companies, 
schedulers/dispatchers, enforcement agents, researchers, 
manufacturers and anyone entrusted with public safety.

     NASA Ames Research Center's Fatigue Countermeasures 
Program has developed an Education and Training Module 
designed to explain the current state of knowledge about the 
physiological mechanisms underlying fatigue.  The Module 
demonstrates how this knowledge can be applied to improving 
operator sleep, performance and alertness and offers 
countermeasure recommendations that are relevant for all 
modes of transportation.

     Initiated in response to a 1980 Congressional request, 
the Fatigue Countermeasures Program examines potential 
safety issues related to human fatigue during air transport 
operations.  Since the program began, NASA has conducted 
extensive research, including field studies, to document the 
effects of fatigue and to develop countermeasures.

     The NTSB has investigated accidents in every mode of 
transportation in which the effects of fatigue, circadian 
factors and sleep loss have been found to be causal or 
contributory.  Since 1972, the NTSB has issued nearly 80 
fatigue related safety recommendations to the Department of 
Transportation, transportation operators, associations and 
unions.  

                    -more-

                    -2-

     Featured presenters will be Dr. Mark Rosekind, Ames 
Fatigue Countermeasures Program; Dr. David Dinges, 
University of Pennsylvania Medical School; Dr. William 
Dement, Stanford University Medical School; Dr. Tom Roth, 
Henry Ford Hospital; Dr. Charles Czeisler, Harvard 
University Medical School and Dr. Alan Pack, University of 
Pennsylvania Medical School.

                    -end-

NASA press releases and other information are available 
automatically by sending an Internet electronic mail message 
to domo@hq.nasa.gov.  In the body of the message (not the 
subject line) users should type the words "subscribe press-
release" (no quotes).  The system will reply with a 
confirmation via E-mail of each subscription.  A second 
automatic message will include additional information on the 
service.  Questions should be directed to (202) 358-4043.
NATIONAL CAPITAL PARKS-EAST BIRD INVENTORY PROJECT
                                
National Capital Parks-East (NACE) is a diverse set of parks, totaling over 3200 hectares, within
Washington, D.C., and in suburban Prince George's and Charles counties, Maryland.  The parks
include urban squares, recreation areas, parkways, historical sites, and natural areas.  Bird
populations in these parks were surveyed during April 1999 through December 2000 by
biologists from the USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland.  The project,
jointly funded by the Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service and by the
U.S. Geological Survey, was aimed at documenting the spatial distribution and relative
abundance of birds, providing data that will facilitate decisions on future use and management of
the parks.  The information should also increase public awareness and appreciation of the parks
and their biotic resources.


Survey Design and Field Methods

A grid of points spaced at 250-m intervals was generated in ARC/INFO, and overlaid on a
Geographic Information System coverage of NACE property boundaries.  Points within park 
boundaries were located in the field with a Global Positioning System receiver.  A few additional
points were located so that all sites would be sampled. 

The basic survey technique was 10-minute counts of birds heard or seen at the points. Counts
were conducted at 453 points during the 1999 nesting season, and at 448 points during January-
February 2000.  During the spring and fall, the survey was designed to compare migrant bird
species richness among parks or habitat types; sampled points (spring 1999, 281 points; fall
1999, 333 points; spring 2000, 253 points) were randomly selected with replacement, so not all
points were sampled but some were sampled more than once.  The protocol was modified for
counts during fall migration, when birds rarely vocalize and some species are in drab plumage: a
taped recording of chickadee calls and human "spishing" was broadcast at points to lure birds
closer to the observer, facilitating visual identification and increasing species' detection
probabilities.  Count length was reduced to 5 minutes in spring 2000 so more points could be
sampled in a morning. 

In addition, special surveys were conducted in some parks for nocturnal birds, and to document
waterbird or shorebird use of wetlands or waterways in or adjacent to the parks.  Occasional
visits were also made to parks throughout the project to document seasonal occurrences of bird
species not detected on the point count or special surveys.